UNIT 2: Biochemistry

DAYSHEET 38: Unit 2 Review & Summative Assessment Name: _______________________________

Biology I
Date: _______________

Bellringer: Test your knowledge. Complete the 3 practice assessments below. You must have technology to participate.
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Todays Objectives: I can demonstrate my understanding of matter, water, pH, macromolecules &
enzymes by mastering my Unit 2 Assessment.

Homework 38 is due at the beginning of next class. Activity 1: Unit 2 Station Review Activity 2: Unit 2 QuizStar Assessment

Activity 3: The History of the Cell Theory

2+3#4)'#$+0#,*50*$,"*#"6# $+0#7,(&"'("80#,78"&$)*$9# The invention of microscopes made it possible for scientists to view and study cells. Cells are the basic units of living organisms. In the 1600s, a man named Anton van Leeuwenhoek (LAY vun hook) used a single lens microscope to view bacteria. Until then, bacteria had never been seen! Later, compound light microscopes used several lenses and could magnify objects up to 1500 times their original size! # # # # # # # # # # @A%BC1#@#8,($D&0#"6# )#.F=&4-=4*%E#)*# ,*'$&D70*$#D'0/#$"# '00#50&3#'7);;#$+,*F'# D8#(;"'0G# # ! !

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But where did we come up with the name cell? This came about when the scientist Robert Hook looked at thin slices of cork under a compound microscope. Thinking the small shapes he saw looked like small rooms, he called them cells! 8%66-!G!$+0#H)',(#D*,$E# "&#HD,;/,*F#H;"(IE#"6# );;#;,5,*F#$+,*F'G# # # # !

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By the 1800s, microscopes had been improved, allowing scientists to make important observations. First, Robert Brown, a Scottish scientist, discovered that cells had an important inner compartment, called the nucleus (NEW klee us). Later, two German biologists, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, did their own experiments and learned that all living things are made of one or more cells.

What is the cell theory? The experiments of Schleiden, Schwann, and other scientists led to the development of what is called the cell theory. It is one of the fundamental ideas of the science of biology. The three main parts of # H=06%FI%/'!)H"50E# )*/#H=0:#//E# H0;"4E#7)/0#50&3# ,78"&$)*$# /,'("50&,0'#)H"D$# (0;;'#,*#$+0#=K$+# (0*$D&3G# the cell theory are summarized below: 1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of life. 3. All cells are produced by existing cells

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How do microscopes help scientists learn about cells? In the 1930s and 1940s, microscopes were improved. Electron microscopes allowed scientists to magnify an object up to 200,000 times using a # ! beam of electrons instead of a beam of light. Microscopes are continually being improved so scientists can gather more information about cells. 2+)$#,'#)*#)/5)*$)F0#"6# 0;0($&"*#7,(&"'("80'9#

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The Two Basic Cell Types

Using microscopes, scientists saw that all cells contain small structures called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function in the cell. Some cell organelles are held together by membranes, and others are not.

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Scientists group cells into two categories cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cells that do not. Cells that do not contain membrane-bound organelles are called prokaryotes (pro kar ee AWTS). Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, are prokaryotes.

PROKARYOTIC CELL ##############################

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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If the cell has organelles that are held together by a membrane, the cell is called a eukaryote (yew kar ee AWT). Most cells you can think of are eukaryotic. These include most of the multi-cellular organisms that you know. Having membrane-bound organelles is an advantage for eukaryotic cells because chemical reactions in different parts of the cell can happen at the same time.

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Other differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells While they do have a few things in common, there are many important differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes discussed below. Eukaryotic cells have a central organelle called the nucleus that controls all of the cells activities. This nucleus also holds the DNA of the cell. Prokaryotes do not have an organized nucleus. Instead, they have loose strands of DNA. Prokaryotic cells are also much smaller than eukaryotic cells. In addition, prokaryotic cells have less stuff within the cell.

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Directions: Label the graph below using the following terms: Reactants Enzyme Products Fast Activation Energy Slow Without Enzyme Catalyzed Activation Energy With Uncatalyzed

1. Which line (1 or 2) represents a reaction with a lower activation energy? _____ 2. Which line (1 or 2) represents a reaction that happens faster? _____ 3. Which line (1 or 2) represents a reaction with an enzyme? _____ 4. Which line (1 or 2) represents a reaction that is uncatalyzed? _____ Directions: Label the picture below with the following words: Enzyme Substrate Active site
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