ASSESSMENT OF NEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL, SUGAR AND ELECTRICITY FROM SUGAR CANE Joan M. Ogden Mark Fulmer PU/CEES Report No, 250 April, 1990 Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Princeton University Engineering Quadrangle Princeton, New Jersey 08544ASSESSMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL, SUGAR AND ELECTRICITY FROM SUGAR CANE Joan Ogden Mark Fulmer BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION FOR PRESENT STUDY TI, SUGAR FACTORY COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES A. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY 1. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY a, Cogeneration technologies in typical sugar factories today b. High pressure condensing extraction steam turbines (CEST) 2. FUTURE OPTIONS : BIOMASS FIRED GAS TURBINE COGENERATION SYSTEMS a. Biomass integrated gasifier/steam-injected gas turbines (BIG/STIG) ». Biomass integrated gasifier/intercooled steam-injected gas turbines (BIG/ISTIG) B. PERFORNANCE AND COST FOR BIONASS FIRED COGENERATION SYSTEMS C, INTEGRATING COGENERATION SYSTEMS WITH SUGAR FACTORIES AND ALCOHOL DISTILLERTES 1, Cogeneration configurations 2, Meeting factory steam demands TIT, TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM CANE A, ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN AUTONOMOUS AND ANNEXED DISTILLERIES 1. Autonomous distilleries a. Steam and electricity demands in typical autonomous distilleries b. Autonomous distillery costs 2, Annexed distilleries a, Steam and electricity demands in typical annexed distilleries b. Annexed distillery costs B, PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR AUTONOMOUS AND ANNEXED DISTILLERIES 1. Cane Milling a. Steam driven systemsb. Electric mills c, Diffusers 4, Opportunities for saving steam 2. Juice heating a. Present practice: use steam or vapor b. Steam saving option: use hot condensates 3. Evaporation a. Present practice: short tube rising film evaporators b, Steam saving options 1). Falling film evaporators 2). Mechanical vapor recompression 4. Vacuum pans a. Present practice: batch vacuum pans b. Steam saving options: 1). Continuous vacuum pans 2). Multiple effect vacuum pans 3). Mechanical vapor recompression for vacuum pans 5, Fermentation and Distillation a. Fermentation 1). Commercially available fermentation technologies a). Batch fermentation ). Continuous fermentation: Biostil 2) Continuous fermentation technologies under development a). Flocculent yeast fermentation b). Tower fermentor cc). Membrane separated fermentor (Rotoferm) 4), Vacuum fermentation (Yacuferm) b. Distillation/gthanol separation 1). Commercially available distillation technologies a) Production of hydrous ethanol b) Production of anhydrous ethanol (1) Azeotropic distillation (2) Extractive distillation (3) Water adsorption 2). Energy use in distillation a). Energy use in commercial distillation systems b) Reducing energy use in distillation (1) Heat integration (2) Mechanical vapor recompression 3). Other ethanol separation technologies IV, DESIGN OF AUTONOMOUS AND ANNEXED DISTILLERTES WITH COGENERATION ‘A, AUTONOMOUS DISTILLERTES WITH COGENERATION 1. Conventional autonomous distillery 2. Steam conserving autonomous distillery designs