Cc tiu chun (Phn 1 )- ngha ca k hiu IP Vit tt ca t Ingress Protection Rating ( i khi cng c hiu l International Protection Rating),

, thng s ny cho ta thy kh nng chng thm nhp ca vt th rn hay cht lng vo bn trong thit b. K hiu l IP X1X2, i khi ta cng thy IP A0 X1X2 B0 X1 v X2 l nhng s thp phn. A0 v B0 l nhng ch ci latin Ch s th nht (X1 ) cho ta bit kh nng chu ng ca thit b i vi nhng tng tc vt l ( bng cc b phn ca c th hoc bng mt dng c no ), ng thi cho ta bit thit b c kh nng ngn chn nhng vt th rn c kch thc nh xm nhp vo bn trong thit b. Do ch s ny i din kh nng chu ng ca thit b vi cc vt th rn ( va p v thm nhp). Cp bo Kch thc ca vt th rn, loi tng tc vt v ( s my) l 0 (Khng bo v) >50 mm, nhng tng tc bng cc b phn 1 c th ( c b mt ln nh mu bn tay, lng bn tay) 2 >12.5 mm, tng tc vi nhng b phn nh ca c th (nh ngn tay, ci ch) >2.5 mm, va p vi nhng dng c bng kim loi hoc cng nh km, ly, chn, mung, bt >1 mm, nhng tng tc bng cc loi dy km, dy thp, tuc-n-vit

3 Ch s 4

Bo v khi s xm nhp ca nhng vt nh nh ht bi ( khng hon ton nhng cng 5 ln ti 70 80%); chu ng mi va p vt l bng mi dng c Ngn chn hon ton s xm nhp ca 6 nhng vt nh nh ht bi 100%; chu ng mi va p vt l bng mi dng c Ch s th hai (X2) th hin kh nng chng thm nc ca thit b Cp bo Bo v cch thm nhp Qu trnh kim tra v ( s my) ca nc Ch s 0 Khng bo v --

--

Bo v i vi cc git nc theo chiu thng ng Bo v i vi cc git nc theo chiu nghing 15o so vi phng thng ng Bo v i vi cc tia nc theo chiu nghing 60o so vi phng thng ng. Bo v i vi cc tia nc theo mi hng

Thi gian: 10 pht Lng nc: 1 mm/pht Thi gian: 10 pht Lng nc: 3 mm/pht Thi gian: 5 pht Lng nc: 0.7 lit/pht p sut nc bn ra: 80-100kPa Thi gian: 5 pht Lng nc: 10 lit/pht p sut nc bn ra: 80-100kPa Thi gian: trn 3 pht Lng nc: 12.5 lit/pht p sut nc bn ra: 30 kPa ( khong cch xa 3m) Thi gian: trn 3 pht Lng nc: 100 lit/pht p sut nc bn ra: 100kPa ( khong cch xa 3m) Thi gian: 30 pht Ngm su trong nc 1m Thi gian : ngm lin tc Vi su ty .

Bo v i vi cc vi phun nc theo mi hng

Bo v i vi cc vi phun nc mnh theo mi hng

Bo v i vi vic ngm tm thi trong nc. Bo v i vi vic ngm lin tc trong nc.

i khi ta s thy c thm nhng ch ci latin Ch ci W ngha Bo v chng s thay i ca thi tit ( ma, gi, nhit )

S M V d:

My trong tnh trng khng hot ng My trong tnh trng hot ng

Cc tiu chun (Phn 2) - Vng s dng ( Zone classification ) Trong k thut chng chy n mi trng c phn bit thnh hai dng: mi trng kh ( k hiu G) v mi trng bi ( k hiu l D). Mt khc, da vo mt v thi gian tn ti ca hai yu t ny ( kh v bi ) chia mi trng chy n thnh cc Zone. Di y l bng k hiu v c im ca cc Zone: K hiu Mi trng Mi trng kh (G) bi (D) Zone 0 (Category 1G) Zone 20 (Category 1D) c im mi trng Vng m yu t gy chy hin din thng xuyn, lin tc hoc trong 1 khong thi gian di, thng thng trn 1000 gi/ nm. Vng m yu t gy chy hin din trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng ca thit b, thng thng trong khong 10 gi n 1000 gi/ nm. Vng m yu t gy chy khng hin din trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng ca thit b, v nu xy ra chy th ch tn ti trong khong thi gian ngn, thng thng t hn 10 gi/ nm.

Zone 1 (Category 2G)

Zone 21 (Category 2D)

Zone 2 (Category 3G)

Zone 22 (Category 3D)

Gi tr ch s trong Zone (Category) cng nh th mi trng c nguy c chy n cng cao. V tt nhin thit b s dng c Zone (Category) nh th m bo xi tt Zone (Category) ln hn. Vy nu mi trng cha c kh ( c yu t G) ng thi cng cha c bi ( c yu t D) th sao? Khi ta da vo yu t no tim tng kh nng gy chy n cao hn xc nh mi trng l G hay D. Tu chung li th s phn chia ny xc nh xem yu t gy chy l g, t xc nh loi thit b (Equipment group) v kiu bo v (Types of protection). Cc tiu chun (Phn 3) - Phn loi thit b in/in t ( Equipment group) da vo ni s dng 1. Phn loi thit b in/in t (Equipment group) da vo ni s dng C 2 loi ni s dng: K hiu Ni s dng Ni khai thc m, bt k l trn mt t, trong lng t I hay ngoi i dng (nh m du, m than). Nhng ni m kh nng chy n l rt ln. Nhng ni khng phi l khai thc m (nh cy xng, II nh my sn xut, cng trng v c gin khoan du kh ). Nhng ni t xy ra chy n hn. 2. Kiu bo v: Cc k hiu trong mi trng G (Gas): * Ex d (Bo v chng la) Cc phn t pht sinh tia la c cha trong 1 hp c kh nng khng cho tia la ny pht sinh ra ngoi hp cho d c s n xy ra bn trong hp. * Ex p (Bo v theo kiu to p sut trong hp) p sut dng tnh c duy tr trong hp ngn chn s thm nhp ca kh gy chy vo bn trong hp. Yu t cn thit ca phng php ny l h thng theo di lin tc bo m s tin cy ca chng v x kh mi khi m hp bo tr. + px: s dng trong phm vi Zone 1 n khu vc bnh thng (non-incendive) + py: s dng trong Zone 1 v Zone 2 + pz: s dng trong phm vi Zone 2 v khu vc bnh thng

(non - incendive) * Ex q (Bo v theo kiu lp y 1 hp cht vo hp) K thut ny i hi cc phn t pht sinh tia la t trong 1 hp cha y bi ht thch anh hoc thy tinh. Nhng ht ny s bt kn hp lm hi nng gi li khng that c ra ngai. Phng php nyc pht trin bo v b pin cng sut ln v thng c s dng trong cc thit b c cp bo v Ex e. * Ex o (Bo v ngm trong du) y l k thut c s dng cho cc thit b c ngm trong du. Du ng vai tr cht xc tc. * Ex e (Bo v gia tng an ton) Cc thnh phn trong phng php ny c thit k lm gim s pht sinh ra tia la v gim s hng hc c th pht sinh ra tia la. Phng php ny c thc hin bng cch gim nhit ca thit b, m bo tip xc in tt, gia tng cch in v gim kh nng thm nhp ca bi v hi m. * Ex i (Bo v an ton t bn trong) Cc thng s mch in c iu khin gim nng lng pht sinh tia la di mc c th t chy hn hp nhin liu. + ia: m bo thit b khng gy ra chy n khi c s c ca mt hoc hai thnh phn li xy ra. Ph hp s dng trong Zone 0. + ib: m bo thit b khng gy ra chy n khi c s c ca mt thnh phn li xy ra. c s dng trong Zone 1 hoc Zone 2. + ic: s dng duy nht trong Zone 2. m bo trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng khng gy chy n. Lu : phng php ny khng bo v hon ton i vi kt ni hoc vt dn in hot ng qu nhit * Ex n (Bo v pht sinh tia la) Trong phng php ny, cc im ni phi m bo tin cy tuy nhin khng yu cu cao nh Ex e. nhng ni b mt bn trong nng hn cp nhit yu cu th chng cn c bao bc cht ch ngn chn s thm nhp ca kh gy chy. y l k thut ngn s thot hi. Khi nim Khng nh la cng yu cu cp bo v thm nhp IP65 hoc cao hn c thit k. C c c loi Ex n nh sau: + nA: bo v theo kiu thit b khng pht sinh tia la + nR: bo v ngn s thot hi ra bn ngoi. + nC: bo v theo kiu thit b c kh nng to ra tia la nhng tip im pht sinh tia la c bao bc kn khng thot tia la ra ngoi. + nL: bo v theo kiu gii hn nng lng.

+ nZ: bo v theo kiu to p sut trong hp * Ex m (Bo v bao bc bn trong) Nhng thnh phn c kh nng to tia la c bao bc bi cht do nhn to v nhit b mt c iu khin thp hn yu cu. S qu nhit hoc s ph hy cc thnh phn ny c c nh v phng ti thiu ha nh hng n s bo v. + ma: s dng trong Zone 0, Zone 1 v c Zone 2 + mb: s dng trong Zone 1 v Zone 2 Cc k hiu trong mi trng D (Dust): * tD Xxx IPxx Txx :

* pD xx IPxx Txx :

* ixD xx Txx

* mD xx Txx

3. Nhm kh ( Explosion group ) - Nhm I: tt c cc loi kh di m bao gm c bi than v kh methane. - Nhm II: nhng kh khc trn mt t. Nhm ny c chia thnh 3 nhm: nhm IIA (Propane), nhm IIB (Ethylene) v nhm IIC (Hydro v Acetylene). * Cc thit b dng cho nhm kh IIC c th dng c cho cc nhm kh nh IIA, IIB hoc IIC. * Cc thit b dng cho nhm kh IIA khng th dng c cho cc nhm kh IIB hoc IIC. * Cc thit b dng cho nhm kh IIB c th dng c cho cc nhm kh IIA hoc IIB. 4. Phn lp nhit ( Temperature class) Cc loi kh cng c phn thnh cc nhm c nhit chy khc nhau v c gi l nhit chy ca kh. Do , cc thit b phi c nhit b mt thp hn nhit chy ca kh th mi c th hot ng c trong mi trng c s hin din ca loi kh . V vy khi nim cp nhit c s dng ch nhit b mt ti a m cc thit b pht ra khi hot ng v c chia thnh cc cp sau: Nhit chy Nhit b mt ti Cp nhit V d mi trng cha ca mi a ca thit b c cc loi kh trng th ln ti Propane, Methan, T1 >450 oC 450oC Ammonia Ethylene, Alcohols, T2 >300 oC 300oC Acetylene o o T3 >200 C 200 C Petrol, Sovents Ethyleter, T4 >135 oC 135oC Acetaldehyde o o T5 >100 C 100 C o o T6 >85 C 85 C Carbon-disulphide

Cc tiu chun (Phn 4) - Cc tiu chun 1. Cc tiu chun: AEx: tiu chun ca M Ex hoc EEx: tiu chun ca Canada/ Chu u

2. V d minh ha v m t chng nhn tiu chun ATEX trong in thoi Guardian Telecom:

c cc thng s hng Equipment Group = II, thit b dng khu vc khng khai thc m Mi trng kh, Zone 1 Hp tiu chun chng chy n ca Chu u Bo v kiu e, bo v gia tng an ton ( xem thm mc 4) Bo v kiu ib, bo v an ton t bn trong ( xem them mc 4) Bo v kiu mb, bo v bao bc bn trong ( xem thm mc 4) Hot ng mi trng nhm kh IIC ( xem thm mc 5) Nhit b mt ti a ca thit b khi hot ng l 100oC c cc thng s hng Equipment Group = II, thit b dng khu vc khng khai thc m Mi trng bi, Zone 1 Hp tiu chun chng chy n ca Chu u Bo v theo kiu tD, chng bi xm nhp vo bn trong ( xem thm mc 4) Hot ng trong Zone 21 Cp IP l 66 ( xem thm mc 1) Nhit ti a ca b mt thit b khi hot ng l 100oC