Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations First examinations 2014

Published March 2012 International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet

5045

Contents
Prior learning Topics
Topic 1Algebra Topic 2Functions and equations Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry Topic 4Vectors Topic 5Statistics and probability Topic 6Calculus

2 3
3 4 4 5 5 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Formulae

Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram Area of a triangle
A= b h

= A

1 (b h) 2
1 ( a + b) h 2

Area of a trapezium

= A

Area of a circle Circumference of a circle Volume of a pyramid

A = r 2
C = 2r

= V

1 (area of base vertical height) 3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) Volume of a cylinder Area of the curved surface of a cylinder Volume of a sphere

V =l w h

V = r 2 h
A= 2rh

V=

4 3 r 3

Volume of a cone

V=
d=

1 2 r h 3
( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 + ( z1 z2 ) 2

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )

x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2 ,, 2 2 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an arithmetic sequence The sum of n terms of an arithmetic sequence The nth term of a geometric sequence
un = u1 + (n 1)d

S n=

n n (2u1 + (n 1)d ) = (u1 + un ) 2 2

un = u1r n 1

The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n ) , r 1 = S = n finite geometric sequence r 1 1 r The sum of an infinite geometric sequence 1.2 Exponents and logarithms Laws of logarithms
S = u1 , r <1 1 r

ax = b

x = log a b

log c a + log c b = log c ab a log c a log c b = log c b log c a r = r log c a

log b a = log c a log c b

Change of base

1.3

Binomial coefficient

n n! r = r ! (n r )!
n n (a + b) n = a n + a n 1b + + a n r b r + + b n 1 r

Binomial theorem

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Topic 2Functions and equations

2.4 Axis of symmetry of graph of a quadratic function Relationships between logarithmic and exponential functions Solutions of a quadratic equation Discriminant
b f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c axis of symmetry x = 2a
a x = e x ln a log a a x= x= a loga x b b 2 4ac , a0 2a

2.6

2.7

ax 2 + bx + c= 0 = b 2 4ac

x=

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1 Length of an arc Area of a sector
l =r 1 A = r2 2

3.2

Trigonometric identity

tan =

sin cos

3.3

Pythagorean identity Double angle formulae

cos 2 + sin 2 = 1 sin 2 = 2sin cos cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2 = 2cos 2 1 = 1 2 sin 2

3.6

Cosine rule Sine rule Area of a triangle

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C ; cos C =

a 2 + b2 c2 2ab

a b c = = sin A sin B sin C 1 A = ab sin C 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Topic 4Vectors
4.1 4.2 Magnitude of a vector Scalar product
v = v12 + v2 2 + v32 vw = v w cos
v w= v1w1 + v2 w2 + v3 w3

Angle between two vectors 4.3 Vector equation of a line

cos =

vw v w

r = a + tb

Topic 5Statistics and probability

5.2 Mean of a set of data
x=

fx
i =1 n

i i

f
i =1

5.5

Probability of an event A Complementary events

P( A) =

n( A) n(U )

P( A) + P( A) = 1

5.6

Combined events Mutually exclusive events Conditional probability Independent events

P( A B )= P( A) + P( B ) P( A B ) P( A B )= P( A) + P( B ) P(A B ) = P(A) P(B | A) P( A B ) = P( A) P( B )

5.7 5.8

Expected value of a discrete E( X = = ) random variable X Binomial distribution

x P( X=
x

x)

n r nr 0,1, , n X ~ B(n, p ) P( X = r) = p (1 p ) , r = r

Mean Variance 5.9 Standardized normal variable

E( X ) = np Var(= X ) np (1 p )

z=

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Topic 6Calculus
6.1 Derivative of f ( x)
y = f ( x) dy f ( x + h) f ( x ) = f ( x) = lim h 0 dx h

6.2

Derivative of x n Derivative of sin x Derivative of cos x Derivative of tan x Derivative of e x Derivative of ln x Chain rule Product rule Quotient rule

f ( x) = xn
f ( x) =sin x

f ( x) = nx n 1
f ( x) =cos x

f ( x) = cos x

f ( x) = sin x

f ( x) =tan x

f ( x) =

1 cos 2 x

f ( x) = ex
f ( x) = ln x

f ( x) = ex
1 f ( x) = x dy dy du = dx du dx

f ( x) y = g (u ) , u = y =uv

dy dv du =u + v dx dx dx
du dv v u dy = dx 2 dx dx v

u y= v
n dx x=

6.4

Standard integrals

x n +1 + C , n 1 n +1

ln x + C , x dx =

x>0

cos x + C sin x dx = = dx cos x sin x + C

e
6.5 Area under a curve between x = a and x = b

d= x ex + C
b

A = y dx
a

b Volume of revolution V = y 2 dx a about the x-axis from x = a to x = b

6.6

Total distance travelled from t1 to t 2

distance =

t2

t1

v(t ) dt

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Mathematics SL formula booklet