Peza v Alikpala G.R. No. L-29749 April 15, 1988 J. Narvasa Fac s!

"#o c$il%re& ra& across $e pa $ o' a ve$icle as i #as r(&&i&) alo&) $e &a io&al $i)$#a* a +arrio ,akili&) -ala.+a, La)(&a. "$e* #ere kille%. "$e ve$icle, a -$evrole /-arr*-All/, +elo&)e% o a par &ers$ip k&o#& as 0i.a& 1 -o.pa&*, a&% #as $e& +ei&) %rive& +* i s %river, Per'ec o A.ar. 2 #as i&s(re% #i $ $e 3.pire 2&s(ra&ce -o., 2&c. (&%er a so-calle% 4co.pre$e&sive covera)e/ polic*, loss +* $e' e5cl(%e%. "$e polic* #as i& 'orce a $e i.e o' $e acci%e& . Placi%a Peza, $e .a&a)i&) par &er o' 0i.a& 1 -o. 'ile% a clai. #i $ $e i&s(ra&ce co.pa&*, 3.pire, 'or pa*.e& o' co.pe&sa io& o $e 'a.il* o' $e #o 627 c$il%re& #$o %ie% as a res(l o' $e acci%e& . 3.pire re'(se% o pa* o& $e )ro(&% $a $e %river $a% &o a( $ori * o opera e $e ve$icle, a 'ac #$ic$ e5pressl* e5cep e% i 'ro. lia+ili * (&%er $e polic*. 8$a Peza %i% #as o &e)o ia e %irec l* #i $ $e %ecease% c$il%re& 'a $er 'or a& o( -o'-co(r se le.e& . "$e 'a $er a)ree% o accep P 9,2::.:: i& '(& se le.e& o' $e lia+ili * o' $e ve$icles o#&er a&% %river, a&% Peza pai% $i. $is s(.. Peza $erea' er s(e% 3.pire o recover $e s(. a&% %a.a)es. 2ss(e! 8;N $e "<R #as e5pire%, $ere+* aki&) o( i&s(ra&ce co.pa&* o pa* $e i&%e.&i * >el%! ?es. Pe i io& %is.isse%. Ra io! 3.pire4s +asic %e'e&se #as o& $e re=(ire.e& i& $e polic* li.i i&) $e opera io& o' $e i&s(re% ve$icle o $e /a( $orize% %river/ $erei& %e'i&e%, &a.el*, 6a7 $e i&s(re%, or 6+7 a&* perso& %rivi&) o& $e i&s(re% or%er or #i $ $is per.issio&, provi%e% $a $e %river #as lice&se% o %o so. Accor%i&) o 3.pire, %river Per'ec o A.ar o&l* $a% a& alrea%* e5pire% e.porar* opera or4s per.i 6"<R7 $avi&) earlier +ee& co&'isca e% +* a& a)e& o' $e La&% "ra&spor a io& -o..issio& 'or a& alle)e% viola io& o' La&% "ra&spor a io& a&% "ra''ic R(les. "$e e5is e&ce o' a& expired "<R a $e i.e o' $e acci%e& #as %(l* es a+lis$e% %(ri&) $e rial. 8$a plai& i''4s co(&sel a e.p e% o %o, o &e( ralize $a 'ac , #as o o''er re+( al es i.o&* 617 o e5plai& $e circ(.s a&ces a e&%i&) $e iss(a&ce o' $e "<R +* $e L"- o''icer o A.ar @ i& proo' o' $e proposi io& $a $ere #as &o reaso& 'or co&'isca io& o' A.ar4s lice&se a&% $e iss(a&ce o $i. o' a "<R, a&% $e L"- a)e& #as #ro&) i& %oi&) so, a&% also, o 627 prove $a , /co& rar* o $e $e re=(ire.e& 'or $e

i.plica io&4 o' o&e o' 3.pire4s e5$i+i s, A.ar4s lice&se $a% &o e5pire%, +( $a% +ee& re&e#e%. "$e respo&%e& J(%)e $o#ever s(s ai&e% $e o+Aec io& o' 3.pire4s co(&cel o $e evi%e&ce o& $e )ro(&% $a i #as irreleva& o $e iss(e. "$e J(%)e also %e&ie% plai& i''s4 re=(es 'or i.e o prese& a%%i io&al re+( al evi%e&ce i& proo' o' $e sa.e proposi io&s. "$e "<R $a% alrea%* e5pire% a $e i.e $a $e ve$icle +ei&) opera e% +* $i. kille% #o c$il%re& +* acci%e& . Nei $er #o(l% proo' o' $e re&e#al o' A.ar4s lice&se c$a&)e $e 'ac $a i $a% reall* +ee& earlier co&'isca e% +* $e L"- a)e& . "$e plai& i''s4 proo' $ere'ore $a% &o lo)ical co&&ec io& #i $ $e 'ac s $ere+* so()$ o +e re'( e%, $e proo' $a% &o ra io&al e&%e&c* o es a+lis$ $e i.pro+a+ili * o' $e 'ac s %e.o&s ra e% +* 3.pire4s evi%e&ce. "$e proo's #ere $(s correc l* +* $e respo&%e& J(%)e as +ei&) irreleva& . R(li&)s o' $e rial co(r o& proce%(ral =(es io&s a&% o& a%.issi+ili * o' evi%e&ce %(ri&) $e co(rse o' $e rial are i& erloc( or* i& &a (re a&% .a* &o +e $e s(+Aec o' separa e appeal or revie# o& certiorari, +( are o +e assi)&e% as errors a&% revie#e% i& $e appeal properl* ake& 'ro. $e %ecisio& re&%ere% +* $e rial co(r o& $e .eri s o' $e case. "$e A(%).e& or%ere% %is.issal o' $e case 'or 'ail(re o& $e par o' $e plai& i'' o prove $eir ca(se o' ac io& a)ai&s 3.pire. No ice o' $e A(%).e& #as serve% o& $e par ies i& %(e co(rse. J(%)e Alikpala4s A(%).e& $as $(s +eco.e a&% e5ec( or*, a&% $is is a& a%%i io&al 'ac or precl(%i&) relie' o $e pe i io&ers.