Aircraff loading a n d structural layout applied at the See also Section speed with speed and at speed

One or more flight profiles have to be defined and each (b) Mission divided into segments having average values of such parameters as speed, are altitude, and centre of gravity position. For each of these segments determined. is the radius of gyration of the load power-spectral density For each load function about zero frequency, see Chapter 6, Section and stress quantity selected, the frequency of exceedance is as a function of the load level. The limit gust loads are determined from the frequency of exceedance by selecting a design frequency of cxceedance of 2x exceedances per hour of flight for a civil transport. Both positive and negative loads have to be considered. When gust alleviation systems are used the flight profiles selected should allow for possible periods of system stability augmentation have to be accounted inoperation and the effects for. When the mission analysis approach is used it is also necessary undertake a supplementary design envelope analysis, similar to that of paragraph (a) above, where the design gust values are reduced. The and 9.14 gust velocities are reduced respectively. to 18.29 and 7.62

Gust and turbulence requirements General

There are differences in the various design codes with regard to the specification of gust loading, in particular with respect to the requirement for continuous gust analysis. Application of discrete gust cases is usually based on the assumption that the aircraft is in steady, level, unaccelerated flight when it encounters a vertical gust increasing from zero to the design value in accordance with Eqn. (3.1). An exception to this is the is assumed to occur case of a terrain-following military aircraft when a gust of 7.6 as a manoeuvre of Otherwise the following conditions apply, all at the same speeds and velocities being equivalent airspeed

3.5.3.2 Military requirements

The United Kingdom requirements are based exclusively on discrete gusts modified by (3.3) and tuned gust analysis: the alleviating factor of (a) At speed A gust velocity of 20.0 (66 between sea level and 61 m (20 ft) and then decreasing linearly to 11.6 (38 at an 200 m (50 000 ft) being constant thereafter. altitude of speed A gust velocity of (50 between sea level and and then decreasing linearly to 7.60 (25 at an 6100 m (20 000 altitude of 15 200 (50 000 ft), being constant thereafter.