3 1 2

1 

 11   2008    

-&0 &% +%, -./ * ( &% $".

$(5613 ) :
  (1 " -6, &0 r ;/, L ;A* ,&, ;@  /, I = 300mA ?10 =6 ;5, < /
. U = 6V :B%" C*D3
)1(
(1-1  2 1E 6E %&, &0 % r ,.+
<, L* ,&,  2 11* E 1 ,  &/ &0 /% (G.B.F .) IJ $.D / H :G /

6,  2 O-I P ,  N( B%" R G, . R = r : M-C

R 00 B%" 1 V UU/ G3 u2(t) y B S1 QR :G /

(2-1 1E  1) . GBF 1(
B%" OZI ( 2 $ ADD U  R, <, <Q1  . B%" u s = u1 + u 2 B%" C*D3 0R QR :G /

di
<" -" (1-2 L r  1 u1 /
dt
<" -"(2-2 r  1 u 2 / 0.5) . i(
L u 2  1 u s <" -" ( 3-2 1) . r(

0.5) . i(

 /V (3 <%QR  <6 & 2 * G3 ;%" C ^ (3-2 ,&,  2 1E 3) .&0% L L*/(

(1-4 (4 1E &  %A/ 10 ;66* G/ / ) i (t  G3 1 _`2 M/3 1D" / 1) . K(
(2-4 dU &  %A/ B A c i (t ) = Ae k .t + B : P K1. b & - 3) .;D,(
, ( 5 1*V S dU 1 V D%N .Q;  GBF 1  % M O )1(
(6 H 25 C6 $J G3 1) .&0(

pK A = 4,7
pK A = 9,2

CH 3COOH / CH 3COO
+

NH 4 / NH 3

(7): Q  <
:5&
+k L / k  :E$ % -D 
 ( / ,( :E$ % -D 

c1 = 2.10 3 mol / L d$  V1 = 10mL ? . S1 G@, %*, B%" C*D3 % o J +k L  nI (1
. 3,2 B5" S1 %* pH 2
(0.5) .+E %" O%J G3 < ; G@ Q  D  , (1-1
(1) . "/ ; 1D" O%J H 1E(-2 -1
(0.5) .G% 1*, "/  q/D/V."/% G@;D 16/  - H (3-1
C 2 = 10 2 mol / L d$ V2 = 10mL ? . S 2 %*, B%" C*D3 . G3 ,( s t @, %*, I*(2
. 10,6 : B5" S 2 %* pH 2
(0.5) .+E %" O%J G3 < ; G@ Q  D  , (1-2
(1) . "/ ; 1D" O%J H 1E(-2-2
(0.5) .G% 1*, "/  q/D/V."/% G@;D 16/  - H(3-2
. G3 ,(< , 10 4 mol +k L  <, 2.10 4 mol St V = 20mL ? . S %*, B%" C* (3
: /   &  N* * / 1 D
+
CH 3COOH + NH 3
CH 3COO + NH 4
( aq )

( aq )

( aq )

( aq )

(0.5) . / 1D" Qr ,q "/  S H( 1 -3

(1) . x max BC2( 16/ _ , ;2 x f  2 q/D/V P . "/% x f G@;D 16/  1 / 1D" Qr ,q <" -"(2-3
(0.5)  % -/& " . (  * 3-3
(0.5) . S %* G3 < ; G@ Q  D  E$, Q -D  <" @;D *  G3  %C & /V (4-3
(0.5) . 4,7 S %* pH  0( 5-3
k e = 10 14 : % G( 1. G5&
SBIRO Abdelkrim Lyce Agricole Oulad-Taima rgion dAgadir Maroc
Adresse lctronique : sbiabdou@yahoo.fr
Msen messager : sbiabdou@hotmail.fr
M*C/
:$  <
: ?D,
U = r.I :;5, < / G, N & 0  C/  / G@;Q  / G3(1-1 (1
U
6V
6
r= =
=
= 20
3
I 300 10 A 0,3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:1   -(2-1

T = 1ms / div 5div = 5ms = 5.10 3 s

:1
3
1
1
10
N= =
=
= 200 Hz
:/
3
T 5.10 s
5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

di
(1-2 (2
dt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R=r
: (
u 2 = R.i = r.i
(2-2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------di
di
u s = u1 + u 2 = r.i + L r.i = L
( 3-2
dt
dt
u
di
1 du
= . 2

i= 2

u 2 = r.i
dt
r dt
r
L du
us = . 2
: ?D,
r dt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(3
u r
L du
us = . 2
(1 ) L = s
:J/
2&  S <,
du 2
r dt
dt
T
u 2 = at + b
QR B%" ?/ &, 1"C/ $. 0,
: . G3  (QR  S <,
2
du 2
. AB 6/ % ?E  ,&  a
_,
= a :
dt
u1 = r.i + L

du 2
= 4 10 3 V / s
dt

a=

u 2 (u 2 ) B (u 2 ) A
5 (5)V
10V
=
=
=
= 4000V / s
3
t
tB t A
(2,5 0) 10 s 2,5.10 3 s
T
u s = 6V : D1 0,
: . G3 :G  QR  S <,
2

us r
6 20
=
= 0,03H : B%" C* (1 ) 2& G3 L&/ 
du 2
4 10 3
dt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L=

: 1  -/& (1-4 (4

. 1 G3 G@;Q  /  56 ,6, G3 GI*/ &0 B%./ / `_ 2 s 1& $E 1, S

.(U / dU S )/ `_ 2 M/3 1D" (1 ) u L + u R = 0 :6 1 G3 /  3A 2 y-5/
di
L di
. / 10 ;66* G/  %A/ &  G R = r (
L + r.i + R.i = 0 :
+i = 0
2r dt
dt
di
: B%" C* %A/ &  G3 L&/  = AKe K .t : i (t ) = Ae K .t + B : ( * 2-4
dt
kL
L
Ae k .t (1 ) = B

AKe k .t + Ae k .t + B = 0
2r
r + r'
kL
=0
2r
1

k=
2r
L
B = 0
2. r

.t
E
u L = E :(y6*/, @1 . )/ `_ 2 M/3 -2 @1-  R  S <, i (t ) = Ae L
2.r
2. r
0
E
E

= Ae L
: * M-C + U
A=
2.r
r + r'
2. r
E L .t
: G%  H/Q * G / 
i (t ) =
e
2.r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

i (t ) G3 L&/  i =

. u s = u1 / G, (N G5, < / 1&D u 2 = 0 : M-C/V Q;  GBF 1  % M O  D%N ( 5
(on a court-circuit le conducteur ohmique)C6 1 "? & ISt 1 < , G, (N  DC2 D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------u 2 max

5V 2
1
2
) = (0,25) 2 A 2 : _, m = L.imax :G&0 G3 $J  C6  25 ( 6
r
20
2
1
m = 0,03 (0,25) 2 9,4 10 4 J
: ?D,
2

(1 : Q

CH 3COO
pH < pk A : pk A = 4,7 pH = 3,2 : D1 PH = pk A + log
:  %& (1-1
[CH 3COOH ]
(i max ) 2 = (

)2 = (

[CH COO ] < 1

[CH 3COOH ]

[CH COO ] < 0

log

[CH 3COOH ]

pk A + log

[CH COO ] < pk

A
[CH 3COOH ]
[CH 3COO ] < [CH 3COOH ] :G / 

.+k L   ; < D

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2-1
3
3
5
n(CH 3 COOH ) = c1V1 = 2.10 mol 10.10 L = 2.10 moll : D1
: 16/ 1E

mol :  
0
x1f
x1 f
= V1 .10 pH
= H 3O + = 10 pH
V1

3
3

C1V1
C1V1-x1f

x1 f

"/ &  ,

CH 3COO + H 3O +

CH 3COOH + H 2 O

16/
0
x1f

0
x1f

 *
@1-
@;D

pH = 3,2 : D1 "/ ; 1D"

n(CH 3COOH ) = C1V1 x1 f = C1V1 V1 .10 pH = V1 (C1 10 pH ) = 10.10 3 (2.10 3 10 3, 2 ) = 1,37.10 5 mol
n(CH COO ) = n( H O + ) = x1 f = V1 .10 pH = 10.10 3.10 3, 2 = 6,3.10 6 mol
3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xf
x1 max = C1 .V1 = 2.10 5 mol
1* " /  L *
 
=
:G@;D 16/  - (3-1
x max
x1 f = 6,3.10 4 mol / L .10.10 3 = 6,3.10 6 mol

1 =

x1 f
x1 max

= 0,315 = 31,5%

( G% s */ x1 < x1 max :S 65 )

G% s */ 1 < 1   .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[NH 3 ] :  %& (1-2 (2
pH > pk A : pk A = 9,2

pH = 10,6 : D1 PH = pk A + log

+
NH 4
[NH 3 ] > 1
[NH 3 ] > 0
[NH 3 ] > pk :
log
pk A + log
A
+
+
+
NH 4
NH 4
NH 4

.,( ; < D [ NH 3 ] > NH 4 :G / 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2:-2
: 16/ 1E
+


&
NH 3 + H 2 O
NH 4 + HO
3
0
0
@1- * 
C 2V2
3
@;D  DP
C 2V2 x 2
x2
x2
3
@;D * 
Ke
Ke.V2
Ke.V2
(C 2 pH ).V2
10
10 pH
10 pH
x

[H O ] = 10
+

pH

n( HO ) = HO .V2 =

ke
.V2
10 pH

pH = 10,6 : D1 "/ ; 1D"

:MA
ke
HO =
: % G( 1.  2" S <,
H 3O +

] [

ke
10 14
n( HO ) = n( NH 4 ) = pH .V2 = 10, 6 .10.10 3 4.10 6 mol
10
10
Ke
10 14
n( NH 3 ) = (C 2 pH ).V2 = (10 2 10, 6 ).10.10 3 = 9,6.10 5 mol
10
10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xf
x 2 max = C 2 .V2 = 10 4 mol
: 1* " /   ,(   =
:G@;D 16/  - (3-2
x max

x 2 f = 4.10 6 mol

x2 f

.G% s "/ 2 =

= 0,04 = 4% < 1
:
x 2 max
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(3

K =

k A1
k A2

: 1"2 L  </E$, < N* " /% -D  /  /P ," C (1-3

. "/ < A <, 1E ;I  G/  E$ % I *  /P G
. qD < A <, 1E ;I  G/  E$ % I *  /P G

K A1 : _,
K A2

:G / " /% -D 

CH 3COOH + NH 3
( aq )

CH 3COO + NH 4

( aq )

( aq )

( aq )

k A (CH 3COOH / CH 3 COO )

4 , 7

10
= 10 9, 2 4, 7 = 10 4,5 3,16.10 4
9, 2
10
k A ( NH 4 / NH 3 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: 16/ 1E V (2-3
K=

CH 3COO + NH 4

CH 3COOH + NH 3
( aq )

( aq )

"/ &  ,

( aq )

( aq )

16/
0
xf

mol :  
4

2.10
2.10 4 x3 f

0
x3 f

10
10 x3 f
4

[CH COO ] .[NH ]

+

Qr , q =

[CH 3COOH ]q .[NH 4 + ]q

q

x3 f

0
x3 f

xf

(0,2 x f ).(0,1 x f )

=K

:"/  S

( 2.10 4 x 3 f )(10 4 x 3 f )

=K

2.10 8 3.10 4 x f + x f =

K = 10 4,5 : _,

 *
@1-
@;D

1 2
xf
K

x3 f + 3.10 4.x 3 f 2.10 8 = 0

2

  E1 < ,  &, x3 f 3.10 4.x3 f + 2.10 8 = 0 :

2

.HE, x3 f 10 4 Q  50 . <% D = 10 8 > 0

3.10 4 + 10 4
= 2.10 4
2
4
3.10 10 4
=
= 10 4
2

y  R y6* (-6, s ) x3 ' f =

x3 f

.BC2 16/ y3  x3 f = 10 4 mol : G / 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. G%" / 3 = 1 O/  &/, ?( NH 3  1* " / ( x3 f = 10 4 mol = x max (3- 3
(.L&/  16/ 1E S <,) :G%  G;@ D *  G3  %C (4-3
n(CH 3 COOH ) = 2.10 4 10 4 = 10 4 mol
CH 3COOH

CH 3COO <"D < , ; < G /  n(CHCOO ) = 10 4 mol

PH = pk A = 4,7

O%J pH ($/ = D 1E/  ;3

: D1 S; E <,

n( NH 3 ) = 0
+

NH 4  ( :  ; < D n( NH 4 ) = 10 4 mol

1E/ +k L  }$E k   D .% -6 B/S ,( ( %* G3 ,((; <  5-3
. PH = pK A 1 = 4,7 + U %* G3  Q = D

15/20 G  V? = % P 16/20     -&D 1 *, U %/ ; %" C U G3 56 B%" :~*%,
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
SBIRO Abdelkrim Lyce Agricole Oulad-Taima rgion dAgadir Maroc
Adresse lctronique : sbiabdou@yahoo.fr
Msen messager : sbiabdou@hotmail.fr