olwkdYajymMuaom jrefrmEdkifiHattkdif'Dtufpfjyóem

1/ ekdifiHwpfekdifiH\ zGHUjzdK;wkd;wufa&;rI0g'rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGif usef;rma&;u@onf

r&Sdrjzpfta&;MuD;qHk;jzpfouJYokdY usef;rma&;rl0g'&nfrSef;csufrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif
,Ofaus;rSK"avhxHk;pHonf tajccHusaom tcef;u@rSyg0ifaMumif; urÇmYukvor*¾
ynma&;? odyÜHESifY ,Ofaus;rSKtzGJUMuD; (UNESCO) u qkdxm;ygonf/ usef;rma&;ESifY
a&m*gqkdif&m rd½dk;zvm,lqcsufrsm;ESifY,HkMunfrIrsm;? "avhxHk;wrf; tpOftvm trltusifh
rsm;onf pOfqufrjywf zGHUjzdK;wkd;wufa&;a&; rl0g'rsm; csrSwf&mwGif r&Sdrjzpf xnfUoGif;
pOf;pm;&ef vkdtyfonfYtcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/

2/ rnfokdYyif Globatization acwfokdYa&muf&SdaejyDqkdapumrI urÇmYekdifiH toD;oD;

\ ,Ofaus;rI&kd;&mtpOftvm ESifY "avhp½dkufwkdYrSm uGJjym;vsufyif&SdqJjzpfonfukd rnfolrQ
rjiif;ekdifyg/ &kyf0xåKwkd;wufjzpfxGef;rIt& wpfekdifiH ESifY wpfekdifiH ,cifxufykdrkdí a&maxG;
,Sufwif qufpyf ul;vl; vmMuonfESifYtrQ wpfbufwGif rdrdekdifiH\ xl;jcm;aom0daoo
tm; ykdrkdMudK;yrf;umuG,fvmMuonfY tajctaeokdYa&muf&SdvmonfukdrI owdrlrdolrsm;tae
jzifY jrifomygvdrfYrnf/ vlom;wkdYwGif jzpfwwfonfYoabmobm0t& acwftqufqufJ
]a'gif;a,mifaqmifonfYusD;}rsm; &Sdaumif;&SdaeOD;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdvufvSrf;rSDorQ
avhvmoHk;oyfMunfY&mwGif a'owpfckwnf;rSjzpfap vlrsdK;^ekdifiHcsif;rwlnDonfukd cGJjcm;
odapvkdolu trsm;pkjzpfygonf/ xkdokdYoD;jcm;0daooukd,fpD&SdaomekdifiH\ vlaerIpepf ESifY
,Ofaus;rSKxHk;wrf;tpOfvmwkdUukd rwlnDaom"avhp&kduf&SdonfYa'orsm;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;taejzifY
tvG,fwulem;vnfekdifpGrf;&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/

3/ jrefrmekdifiHonf tm&SwkdufwGifwnf&SdjyD;? a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif ,Ofaus;rI

wkd;wufxGef;um;cJhonfYekdifiHjzpfygonf/ ukdvkdeDe,fcsJUvufatmufokdY ESpfaygif; (100) ausmf
a&muf&SdcJhaomfvnf;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ukdvked D e,fcsJUwkdY\ bmompum; ESifY ,Ofaus;rI "avh
p&kdufwkdYzHk;vTrf;oGm;Edkifjcif;r&SdonfYtcsufu jrefrmvlrsdK;wkdU\ bmompum;ESifY ,Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHrsm; rnfrQtajccHaumif;í ckdifrmaMumif; oufaojyekdifygonf/ acwftqufquf
vlMuD;olrrsm;\ vufqifYurf; xdef;odrf;umuG,frSK? wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u tajrSmftjrif MuD;rm;
pGmjzifY vrf;nTefaqmif&GufcJhrIrsm;aMumiUf jrefrmY,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;wrf; tpOftvmrsm;
pOfqufrjywf xGef;um;vsuf&SdonfrSm {uefjzpfaomfvnf; yif&if;jzpfaom jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI
\ ckdifrmaomtajccHaumif;rsm;u t"dutaMumif;w&m;jzpfygonf/
 2

4/ wkd;wufvmaomacwftaetxm;t& urÇmt&yf&yfwGif aeYpOfjzpfysufvsuf

&Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd rdrdwkdtaejzifY tcsdefESifYwajy;nDeD;yg; od&SdvmekdifMujyDjzpf
ygonf/ ekdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? odyÜHESifYenf;ynm ,Ofaus;rI? tm;upm;? vlrIa&;ponfY
owif;u@toD;oD;wGif rdrdwkdYpdwf0ifpm;&m rdrdwkdYvkyfief;cGiftwGuftoHk;0if&m u@
toD;oD;wkdYukd OD;pm;ay;avhvmMuaomfvnf; vlrIa&;e,fy,fwGif aeYpOfjzpfysufaeonfY
xl;jcm;owif;rsm;ukd ykdrkdpdwf0ifpm;pGm zwf&SKUavhvmavh&SdMuygonf/ xkdowif;rsm;teuf
aeYpOfMum;odae&aom urÇmt0ef; tedXm&HkrIcif;owif;rsm;ukd avhvmMunfUygu jrefrm
vlrsdK; wpfOD;taejzifY rnfokdYrQ rSef;q&ekdifjcif;r&SdonfY? wpfenf;qkdygu jrefrmUvlrIywf0ef;
usifwGif rnfokdUrQjzpfekdifzG,fr&SdonfY &mZ0wfrIcif;rsm;ukdowdjyKrdMurnfjzpfygonf/

5/ jrefrmekdifiHonf a'owGif;ESifY ekdifiHwumvHkjcHKa&;twGuf tEå&m,fjzpfapekdif

onfY tvm;tvmrsm; rsm;jym;vmaMumif;tpcsDum tiftm;MuD;taemuftkyfpkekdifiHrsm;u
ukvor*¾vHkjcHKa&;aumifpDwGif oD;jcm;acgif;pOfwpf&yftjzpf xnfYoGif;aqG;aEG;&ef tbuf
bufu xkd;ESufwkdufckdufvsuf&SdMuygonf/ yxrwGif ekdifiHa&;ukdtaMumif;jycJhaomfvnf;
yuwdtajctaerSefukdod&Sdxm;onfYrdwfaqGekdifiHrsm;aMumifY txrajrmufcJhyg/ okdYaomfurÇmU
tiftm;tMuD;qHk;ekdifiHtaejzifY tajctaer[efí vufavsmh&rnfqkdvsif urÇmYekdifiHrsm;
tv,fwGif odu©muszG,f&Sdonf[k ,lqum taMumif;t&mwpfcsufcsif;pDjzifY qufvuf
trnfwyf tjypf&SmaeonfrSm KNU ESifY'ku©onfrsm;udpöjyD;onfUaemuf rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifY
HIV/AIDS acgif;pOfodkUyif a&muf&SdvmNyDjzpfygonf/ rnfodkUrQ tjypf&Smí r&onfh tqHk;wGif
tcsKyftjcm tmPmydkifEdkifiHwpfck tjzpf &yfwnfEdkifjcif;udkyif jypfrIwpf&yftjzpf owfrSwf
rnfvm;[k awG;awmrdygao;onf/

6/ urÇmay:wGif&mpkwpfck\ av;yHkwpfyHkcefYyifMum&SnfcJhjyDjzpfaom HIV/AIDS

a&m*gjzpf yGm;rIumvtwGif; tjcm;ekdifiHrsm;ESifY ESdKif;,SOfvsif jrefrmekdifiHüa&m*g ysHESHUjzpfyGm;
rIrSm rajymyavmufonfukd urÇmUukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfonfY UNAIDS ESifY WHO
wkdUrS xkwfjyefcJhonfY pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t&od&Sdekdifygonf/ UNAIDS zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifrI
(10) ESpfajrmuftxl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif 2005ckESpftwGif; urÇmay:ü ckcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*gykd;
(HIV) &Sdolpkpkaygif; (38.6)oef;teuf tm&SwkdufwGif (8.3)oef;&SdjyD; jrefrmekdifiHü cefYrSef;
ajc (3.6)odef; (1.3 %)&Sdonf[kcefYrSef;&aMumif;? jrefrmekdifiHtaejzifY rIvuurÇmYckcHtm;
usqif;rIa&m*gwkdufzsufa&;wGif yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&mü tuefYtowf&SdcJhaomfvnf; aemuf
ykdif;wkd;wufaqmif&GufvmcJhjcif;aMumifY 2000jynfYESpfrS2004ckESpftwGif; ukd,f0efaqmif rdcif
rsm;ü HIV a&m*gjzpfyGm;rIonf (2.2%) rS (1.8%)okdY usqif;cJhaMumif;? vdifqufqHrIrS

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 3

ysHUyGm;onfYtjcm;ul;pufa&m*grsm;twGuf aq;0g;ukorIcH,lvsuf&SdonfY trsdK;orD;^

trsdK;om;rsm;wGif HIV ykd; ul;pufjzpfyGml;rItqifYrSm tqkdygumvtwGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;ü
12% rS 6% okdYvnf;aumif;? trsdK;om;rsm;ü 7% rS 3% okdYvnf;aumif; odompGmusqif;
cJhaMumif;? jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV a&m*gjzpfyGm;rItEå&m,f trsm;qHk;&Sdolrsm;rSm jynfYwefqm rsm;
ESifY rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJolrsm;jzpfaMumif;? 2004ckESpftwGif; jynfYwefqm (4)OD;vQif wpfOD;ESifY
rl;,pfaq;0g;ukd aq;xkd;tyfjzifY ukd,fcE¨mwGif; xkd;oGif;oHk;pGJol (3)OD;teuf wpfOD;rSm HIV
a&m*gul;qufcH&onf[kcefYrSef;&aMumif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

7/ ckcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*g(AIDS) onf jrefrmekdifiHwGif t"duOD;pm;ay; wkdufzsuf

&rnfYa&m*grsm;teuf wpfcktygt0ifjzpf&m jrefrmekdifiHu AIDS a&m*gul;pufjyefUyGm;rI
wm;qD;ESdrfeif;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;tm; trsdK;om;a&;wm0efwpf&yf aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/
jrefrmekdifiH trsdK;om;usef;rma&;aumrwD\ OD;aqmifvrf;nTefrIjzifY usef;rma&;0efMuD; OuúX
tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom ekdifiHvHk;qkdif&m AIDS a&m*g wm;qD;a&;aumfrwDtm; rl0g' csrSwfrI
ESifYyl;aygif;nSdESdKif;rI A[kdtqifYtjzpf 1989ckESpfrSpwifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ ekdifiHvHk;qkdif&m
aumfrwDtm; yHhykd;ay;&efESifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf&ef usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme
'kwd,0efMuD; OD;aqmifonfY vkyfief;aumfrwD wpf&yfukd zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ tvm;wlyif
jynfe,f^wkdif;^ jrdKUe,ftqifYrsm;tvkduf AIDS umuG,fa&;ESifY xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDrsm;ukd
tqifYqifY zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme? usef;rma&; OD;pD;Xmeonf HIV ESifY
AIDS umuG,fjcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;ESifY apmifUa&Smufjcif;vkyfief;rsm;ukd ekdifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ckcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*gESifh vdifqufqHrIrSwpfqifh ul;pufonfha&m*grsm; umuG,f xdef;csKyf
a&;tpDtpOf (National AIDS/STD Prevention and control Program) \ enf;ynmtaxmuf
tyHhjzifY tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfom;xk\ tiftm;ukd&,lum tajccH usef;rma&; xdef;odrf;
apmifUa&Smufjcif;enf;vrf;jzifY aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ NAP tm; usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme
ul;pufa&m*gxdef;csKyfa&;XmevufatmufwGif xm;&Sdum XmecsKyfrSm &efukefwGifwnf&SdjyD;
ekdifiHt0ef;jynfe,fESifY wkdif;rsm;wGif XmecGJ (43)ck jzefUusufxm;&Sdygonf/ usef;rma&;
0efMuD;XmeESifYtwl oufqkdif&m0efMuD;Xmersm;? ukvor*¾ at*sifpD (7)ck? tjynfjynfqkdif&m
NGO (18)ck? jrefrmekdifiH NGO (17)ckESifY jynfolvlxk wpf&yfvHk;u jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV ESifY
AIDS wm;qD;a&;twGuf trsdK;om;a&; aqmif&GufrItjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/

8/ jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV ESifY AIDS ESifY qufEG,fonfY umuG,frI? xdef;csKyfrI?

apmifYa&SmufrI ESifY yHhykd;rI vkyfief;rsm;ukd t"dur[mAsL[m(6)ckESifY t"duvkyfief;pOf (10)ck
wkdYjzifY taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ xkdYtwl jrefrmekdifiHwGif attkdif'D

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 4

tufpf a&m*g wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif tjcm;

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifY yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;onf t"duta&;ygaom tcsufwpfcsufjzpf&m
usef;rma&; 0efMuD;Xmeonf tjcm;oufqkdif&m0efMuD;Xmersm;jzpfaom ynma&;?tvkyform;?
rD;&xm;? vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifYjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;? jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;Xmersm;
omru ukvor*¾tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? jynfwGif; jynfy NGO rsm;?jynfolrsm;ESifYtwl yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ jrefrmekdifiHonf HIV/AIDS ESifYywfoufonfh a'owGif;ESifY
tjynfjynfqkdif&mvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifvsuf&Sdygonf/ xkdYtjyif ekdifiHawmf
tpkd;&onf ekdifiHtwGif; HIV/AIDS umuG,fa&;ESifY xdef;csKyfa&;twGuf pDrHudef;csrSwfjcif;?
tMuHay;jcif;? apmifYMunfYMunfY&SKUjcif;ESifY avhvmoHk;oyftuJjzwfjcif; wkdYudk aqmif&Gufvsuf
&Sdonf omru usef;rma&;apmifYa&Smufay;ol0efxrf;rsm;ESifY vlxktMum; yl;aygif; aqmif&Guf
ekdifrI tajctaeukd zefwD;ay;vsuf&Sdygonf/

9/ ] MudKwifumuG,fjcif;onfukojcif;xufomvGefaumif;rGefonf} qkdonfYqkd&dk;
twkdif; HIV/AIDS ul;pufysHUyGm;rIwm;qD;umuG,fjcif;ukd trsdK;om;a&;wm0eftjzpf aqmif
&Guf&mwGif ynmay;a&;vkyfief;onf t"dutcef;u@rSyg0ifygonf/ HIV a&m*gykd; ul;
pufrIonf wpfOD;csif;\ trltusifYrsm;ESifYoufqkdifvsuf&Sd&m? a&m*gykd;ul;pufjyefYyGm;rI?
umuG,fa&;ESifY jyKpkapmifYa&Smufa&;qkdif&mA[kokwrsm;ukd jrSifYwifay;&eftwGuf jrefrmY&dk;&m
xHk;wrf;tpOftvmESifY ,Ofaus;rIt& usef;rma&;xdef;odef;apmihfa&SmufrI trltusifYrsm;?
wefzkd;rsm;ukd odomxif&Sm;ap&ef azmfaqmifay;jcif;? usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;ukd avhusifY
ay;jcif;ESifY vlwef;pm;tkyfpktcsdKYwGif vdifrIqufqH&mü tumtuG,fypönf;ukd &mESKef;jynfY
toHk;jyKa&;vkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wkdYukd aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ usef;rma&;ynm
ay;rIvkyfief;rsm;ukd enf;vrf;ESpfoG,fjzifYaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m vlxkvlwef;pm; wpf&yf vHk;
twGuf &nf&G,fynmay;a&;tpDtpOftjzpf qkdif;bkwf? ykdpwm? vufurf;pmapmif? rSwfwrf;
&kyf&Sif? &kyfjrifoHMum;? AD'D,kd? ynmay;Zmwfvrf;wkdrsm;? aqmifyg;ESifY Zmwfvrf;wkdYukd jrefrm
bmomjzifYomru wkdif;&if;om;bmomjzifYyg xlaxmif? jzefYa0? &kduful;? pDpOf? xkwfvTifY
vsuf&Sdygonf/ HIV/AIDS a&m*gtEå&m,fusa&mufekdifrnfYtvm;tvm jrifYrm;onfY
vlwef;pm;tkyfpktwGufukdrl ykdrkdxda&mufonfYynmay;rI? aqG;aEG;rIwkdYukd jyKvkyf ay;ygonf/

10/ jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&taejzifY HIV/AIDS a&m*gukd trsdK;om;a&;wm0efwpf&yf

tjzpf pepfwuswkdufzsufvsuf&SdouJhokdY jynfolvlxktwGif;üvnf; &kd;&mtpOftvm?
,Ofaus;rI? "avhxHk;pHrsm;ukd av;pm;jrwfekd;apmifa&SmufonfY OD;a&yrmPu,aeYwkdif

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 5

rsm;jym;vsuf&SdqJjzpf&m? taemuftkyfpkekdifiHrsm;upGyfpGJouJhokdY ]jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV/AIDS

a&m*gjyefYESHYul;pufrIonf a'owGif;okdYyiftEå&m,fjzpfapekdifaom tajctaeokdYa&muf&SdaejyD}
[laomtcsufrSm rSm;,Gif;pGm oHk;oyfrIwpf&yfomjzpfygonf/ HIV/AIDS a&m*gonf t"du
tm;jzifY obm0ESifY zDvmjzpfaomvdifqufqHrI? rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJrIwkdYrS ul;pufysHUESHUrI
trsm;qHk;jzpfonfukd ,aeYynmay;tajctaersm;t& rodolr&Sdoavmufjzpfygonf/ jrefrm
vlrsdK;wkdY\ &kd;&m"avh? ,Ofaus;rIESifY xHk;wrf;pOfvmwkdYwGif xkdokdYaomraumif;rIrsm;ukd
jyKvkyfekdifjcif;r&Sdatmif tqufqufrS wm;qD;xm;ygonf/ Ak'¨bmom\tajccHjzpfaom Ak'¨
bmom0ifwkdif;cg;0wfykqkd;uJhokdY jrJjrHpGmusifYoHk;&rnfY ig;yg;oDvwGif tqkdygudpörsm;jyKvkyf
ekdifjcif;r&Sdap&ef twdtvif;wm;jrpfxm;ygonf/ ekdifiHawmfykdif;taejzifYvnf; wpfbufrS
ynmay;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufaeouJhokdY tjcm;wpfbufwGif raumif;rIukd vSHKUaqmf
aom AD'D,kd? &kyf&Sif? pmay? &kyfjyrsm;ukd Oya'jyXmef;í wif;usyfpGmwm;jrpfxm;ygonf/
txl;ojzifY t&ufaopmESifY wGJbufa&mif;csonfYpm;aomufqkdifrsm;wGif trsdK;orD;pm;yGJxkd;
toHk;jyK&efcGifYjyKrxm;ouJhokdY jynfwefqmvkyfief;ukdvnf; Oya'jzifYwm;jrpfxm;ygonf/
xkdYtjyif jrefrmekdifiHvlxkvlwef;pm;tvTmtoD;oD;tMum; HIV/AIDS a&m*gul;pufjyefYyGm;
rIqkdif&m usef;rma&;A[kokwukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY od&Sdem;vnfvsuf&SdvmjyD; aq;0g;uko
&mwGifyif wpfcgoHk;aq;xkd;tyftoHk;jyKjcif;? oGm;a&m*gukorIypönf;rsm; oefY&Sif;a&;wkdYukd
tav;xm;vmMujyD jzpfygonf/

11/ jrefrmekdifiHonf raumif;rIrSeforQy,f&Sm;um aumif;rIjyKolrsm;om aexkdif

onfYekdifiH[k qkdvkdjcif;r[kwfyg/ vlom;wkdY\ oabmobm0t& raumif;rIwGif arGYavsmfol
rsm;vnf; twkdif;twmwpfckjzifY &SdMuygonf/ okdY&mwGif jrefrmYxHk;wrf;tpOftvm?
,Ofaus;rI? rd&dk;zvm "avhp&kdufrsm;t& wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD; cifrif&if;ESD;Muaom eD;uyfpGm
aexkdifonfYrdom;pk"avhp&kdufuomreftm;jzifY raumif;rIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef tajctaetvG,f
wulrjzpfapaMumif;qkdvkdjcif;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmrIe,fy,fwGif i,fpOfawmifaus; cav;
b0rS t&G,fvGefonfYwkdif bkd;bGm;? rdb? armifESrwkdY\ apmifYa&SmufrIESifY uif;uGmí
aexkdifekdifol tvGefenf;yg;vSygonf/ jrefrmYvlaerIywf0ef;usifonf wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD;
&if;ESD; eD;pyfrIrsm;aom vlaerI 0ef;usif (close-knit society) jzpfygonf/ okdYtwGuf
raumif;rI jyKvkyfrnfqkdvQif qdyfuG,f&mr&Sd qdkonfhpum;rSm jrefrmhvlaerIywf0ef;usifESifh
tH0ifcGifus jzpfaeygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ yuwd tajctaeudk jrefrmY vlaerI "avhp&kdufukd
od&Sdolrsm;u em;vnfekdifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdwkdY vufvSr;f rrSDaom tukd;tum; taxmuf
txm;ESifY pGyfpGJzefrsm;vm;vsifrI [kwfoa,mif awGa0MuygvdrfYrnf/

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 6

12/ jrefrmekdifiH\ AIDS/HIV a&m*gul;pufjyefYESHYrItajctaet& a'owGif;ESifY

tjynfjynfqkdif&mukd tEå&m,fjzpfapekdifaMumif; AIDS epidemic update : December 2005
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