3A H3PAAY IlPE)],META 0)],

KOCTH 11 PorA Y YTBP1JEI-hY TIMACUM MINUS

Corpuja OeTKOBl1h, ApXeOJIOWKH HHCTHTyT, Eeorpan
I1a JIOKaJIHTCTY Timacum minus jc TOKOM ncxonanau.a 1998. rO):\HHC orxpuucna, y cnojy A, BCJIHKa
rpaheuuna 0)( JIaKOI' MaTcpl1jaJla xoja ie HaTOllalla y 1I0CJlCWl.Y geTllpTHllY IV - npny nOJlOIJHIlY V
IlCKa, 0rlIlOCIIO uajjanahy 1\la3y )f(HIlOTa ua cexropy jyscue xanujc 01101' yruphcn.a. IIa OCHOllYKOJIH9HIIC
1I0J1YIIPoH3BOL\a H Cl1pOIIHlla sa H3paJlY npcnjaera 0Jl KOCTH H pora, uahcuax y HCTpa)f(CIIOM 06jcKTy,
npCTnOCTalll1JIH CMO uocrojan.e paL\HOIIHI(C 3:1 npOH3IJOJUl.Y. lIy6JIHKOBUf,CM panaonuue 3:1
uapazty npenaera 0)( KOCTI1 11 pora ca yruphcn.a Timacum minus, cxpcheuo naxu.y KOJICr'a na IIp06JICM
OIlC 3aHaTCKC ):\CJHlTIIOCTH, xoja 'rpcfia HMaTH y Ill1r(y y 6YAyhHM apXCOJlOllIKHM ucxonaaan.ajaa,
KJLy911c PC9H; llpCr(MCTH KOCTH H pora, paJlHOIIHL(a, Timacum minus, Fopn.a MC311ja.
Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy Timacum minus KO,U cena PaBHa, onWTHHa Kn.aacenan, TOKOM
cerrresrfipa 1998. ronnae HaCTaBJbeHa cy apXeOJIOWKa ncrpazcaaau.a na cexropy
jyxcue xanuje yrnphen.a.! OTBOpeHHcy KBa,UpaTH M XXVII H M XXVIII, HCTOlfHO
O,U HCTOlfHe KyJIe jyxcne xannje H KBa,UpaTH Q XXVI H Q XXVII, 3ana,UHO O,U
aananne KyJIe jyxore xanuje y UHJbY orspnaan.a seae xarruje ca jy)l(HHM 6e,UeMoM
H KBa,UpaTH N XXVI, 0 XXVI H P XXVI H3a jyxcne xannje H KyJIa xoje je
dmaaxapajy, na npasuy YJIa3a y xannjy H ynnne, na 6H ce yTBp,UHJIe Qla3e mrpamse
jyxcne xannje H crparnrparpnja onrouapajyhnx KyJITypHHX cnojesa (CJI 1).
Ca ynyrpaunse crpane 6e,UeMa, H3a jyzcne xanuje, y KBa,UpaTHMa 0 XXVI, P
XXVI, Q XXVI H Q XXVII ucrpaxeua je HajMJIal)a Qla3a )l(HBOTa na yrspheisy
Timacum minus. Ha OBOM npocropy, O,UMax ucnon nonpunnrcxor cnoja xysryca
I 11cxonauau.uaa na JIOKaJIHTCTY Timacum minus - Panna PYKOBOJlHllH cy Mp COI\lHja nCTKoIlHh,
capannax ApXCOJIOLlJKOr mrormyra y Beorpajry H CBcT03ap Josanoanh, KyCTOC 3aIJH9ajllor My3cja y
KH,a)f(CRUY, a 9rraII 01111 CKHIIC 611JIH cy Mp Mnpa Py)f(Hh iyCTOC ApXeOllOllJKC 3611pKC <DHJ1030l\lCKor
(\laKyJITCTa y Beorpany 11 Caura MHJlyTHHOBHh, (pOTorpar\l 3aIJl19ajHol' My3cja y KII,a)f(CIllW.
IJ1aCIIHK CpnCKOI' apXCOJIOllIKOr JlPYllJTIJa / .Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society
17 (2001) 59-73.
I'CN-VJSAS 17 (2001) I1crpcDKHna'lKH pa)(OBH H pacnpane

'-1
::,.

I :f"
c-
i
-
L()
Cn. 1. Cexrop jyxcuc xanujc yraphcn.a Timacum minus, IIHIIO a.
Fig. 1. Section of the Southern gate of the fortification Timacum minus, level a.
60
C. fIeTKOBl1h Pannounua aa napany npezmcra 01. xocrn H pora
jaarsa ce KyJITypHl1 CJIoj, 03HageH xao CJIoj A, KOjl1 ce cacrojao OLJ: Cl1BO-MpKe
3eMJbe ca rpal)eBHHcKHM WyTOM, l1cnOLJ: xora ce HaHWJIO na Hl1BO narseanne, Hl1BO
a, KOjl1 OLJ:rOBapa HajMJIal)eM aHTl1qKOM XOp1130HTy na l1CTpa)l(HB3HOM cexropy.
H3 HHBOy 3, OTKpHBeH3 je BeJIHK3 rp3l)eBHH3 OLJ: J13KOr M3TepHj3J13, l.Il1ja je
TeMeJbH3 30Ha OLJ: CYB0311LJ:a, Ha911I-beHOr OLJ: 06JIyTaKa H JIOMJbeHOr xaxrena seaaaor
)I(yTOM rJIl1HOM l1nl1 OLJ: LJ:Ba pena KaMeHa, ca jearpcxt l1CnYI-beHl1M JIOMJbeHOM
oneKOM, KOMaLJ:HM3 M3nTepa 11 CHTHl1jl1M KaMeHOMBe33Hl1X rJIHHOM, LJ:OK cy ropn.n
LJ:enOBH 311LJ:0Ba 611JIl1 OLJ: npyha 06JIenJbeHOr 6JIaTOM, WTO je KOHCTaTOBaHO na
BenHKHM KOMaLJ:l1M3 jaxo aanexeaor rtena 06pyweHHM nopen reversa KPOBH3
KOHCTpyKUHja OLJ: reryna 11 HM6peKca ypyurena je y yHyTp3WI-bOCT rpahesnue, a
nOLJ: je 6110 OLJ: xcyre Ha611jeHe rJIHHe ca rynauov onexov H M3J1TepOM.
Fpaheaana je OTKpl1BeHa y LJ:Y)l(HHl1 OLJ: 12,50 m, a 311LJ:OBl1 KOjH ce npyxcajy y
npasuy ceaep - jyr y KBaLJ;paTHMa Q XXVI - Q XXVII 11 0 XXVI, OCJIaI-baJIH cy
ce na sananny 11 l1CT09HY KyJIy jyacne xanuje, xoja je na OBOM HHBOy 611JIa
nperpaheua cyB0311LJ:OM. lllupnna 06jeKTa Hl1je MOrJIa 611Tl1 yrnphena, C06311pOM
LJ:a 311LJ:OBl1 3aJIa3e y cesepnu npodian KBaLJ;p3Ta 0 - P - Q XXVI. Y l1CTpa)l(eHOM
neny rpahesaue KOHCTaTOB3He cy LJ:Be npocropnje (CJI. 1).
Ilpocropnja 1, xoja ce ocnan.a H3 xyne jy)l(He xannje, y OCHOBl1 je LJ:HMeH311ja
9, 35 x 6, 50 m. Y n.oj je, ya 311LJ: KOjH ce npyxa y np3BUY l1CTOK - 3an3LJ:,
KOHCTaTOB3H3 cpyureua neh npasoyraone OCHOBe, OLJ: nOMJbeHOr KaMeHa aeaanor
)I(yTOM rJIl1HOM, 113HaLJ; xoje cy, in situ, nahene jenna LJ:y60Ka, KOHHQHa KepaMHQKa
3LJ:en3, XOP1130HT3JIHO paarpuyror 060LJ:a 11 pefipacra aMQ>opa, xoje ce Mory LJ:a-
TOBaTl1 y npyry nOnOBl1HY IV - V BeK (CJI. 2).2 Ilocyne cy ce y rpeuyrxy necrpyx-
THBHor noxcapa aeposaruo HaJIa3Hne na nehn.
113 crroja Cl1BO-MpKe 3eMJbe y l1CTOj npocropnjn, cnoja A, nOTl1Qy QeTl1pH
xepaxnt-txa )I(l1WKa napaheaa ua Bl1TJIY, LJ:aTOBaHa y IV - V BeK (CJI. 3, 1-2),3
6pOH3aHl1 OKOB nojacne KOnQe, KOjl1 npnnana npyroj nOnOBHHl1 IV aexa (CJI. 3,
2
,fly60KC, KOIlI1'lIlC 3JICJIC, XOPl130llTUJIII0 PU31'PIlYTlH', IIOIICKUJ\ )f{Jlc6JbCII01' 060Wl, 113pal)I1HallCcy 0J1
nCCKOBI1TC rJlHIIC, CI1BC, MpKC I1JlI1 upncuxacro-cvehe 60jc neseu.a, nOIlCKa)1 MaCJlHllaCTO - 3CJlCil0 I'JIC-
hocaue yuyrpaun bOCTI1, naryjy ce y IV- 1I0'lCTaK V BCKU - 1\. I IpcMK, KepClMuKaU33Cl1'BOpCHUX cnojcea
IV Ii Y CUPMJ1jYMY, Maf'l1CTapCKH pall, <!)I1Jl030IPCKH ljlaKyJlTCT y Beorparty 1974, THTI 1/2, xpaj IV - nos.
V BCKa; M. Bacnh, YC3aBa - Castrum Novae, CTapJ111ap 33-34 (1982-1983), 105, run I/I03, CJI. 11,5, IV - V
BCK; M. TOMOHI10, TCKl1j:l, xcpavuxa ca YTBpI)C\b:l, CT<lPJ1flilP 33-34 (1982-1983) 351, T. 1,4, IV BeK; M.
Fupaurannn, M. Bacah 11 r. Mapjauosnh - Byjonuh, Tpajauon MOCT - Castrum Pontes, 'bepruutct: CBeCKe
II/1984, 33, '1'1111 I/3
e
, IV IlCK. TK3H. "pefipacrc" aMlllOpc, npcreuacro aanefin.anor ofiona, ljHJlHII)1pl1'l:Jlor
spara, on xora nOJla3C rpaxacre )1pIUKC )10 paveua, 11 oeannor PCIII1I1HjcIITa, yxpaureuor IlJlaCTI1'lIlHM
pC6pl1Ma, npunanajy nOHTCKOM THIlY, KOjl1 CC naryje Oil CpCWiHC IV llO xpaja VI BCKa. - lb. Bjeriajau,
AMqJOperopnouesujcsor IlO,aYWIBJb8, Beorpan 1994, 72 -- 76, TI1JI XXI, CJI. XXV.
3D. Ivanyi, Die Pannonischen Lampen, cine typologisch-chronologischc Ubersicht, Diss. Pann. II,
Budapest 1935,20 - 21, Typ XXII, T. LVI, 4 - 11; LVII, 1-6, 9, OllKpajaIII110CPCllHlICVBcKa;J.C.
Rubright, Lamps from Sirmium in yhe Museum of Sremska Mitrovica, Sirmium III (1973) 53 - 54, Type XXII,
PI. XV - XVIII, MaCJIHHaCTO-3CJlCII0 r-nchocauc rravne H3 Cl1pMHjyMa naryjy cc na OCIlOIlY 3aTIlopCIIHX
ueruuta y IV BCK, a MpKO r.nehocanc 11 6C3 I'JICI)I1 cy no MHIUJbClbY ayropa MJlal)e (V - VI BCK); n. JaIlKOBI10,
Y CYTOIIY aIlTHKc, nIM3J1rpCl,a, KaCHOaIlTJ1'lKJ1 L{apCKJ1 ueopsu, yp. ,fl. Cpejonah, Eeorpa)11983, 110, KaT.
6p. 67 - 74, IV - npsa noriouuna V IlCKa.
61
rCA,LVJSAS 17 (2001) HCrpa)f01B<I'IKI1 pa1l0RJ1 J1 pacnpane
Cn, 2. Kepaansxa 3.uCJIa H aMIllopa lUI nchu y npocropuju l.
Fig. 2. Pottery bowl and amphora on the kiln in room 1.
3)4 KaMeHI1 6pyc (CJI. 3, 5), rB03AeHI1 HO)l{ (CJI. 3, 6), nonyofipahena npnrxa OA
roseher pora (CJI. 4, 2; CJI. 5), OnJIaTa TpOCJIojHor, jenaopernror -ieurn,a OAjenen.er
pora C3 JIy9.HOM APlllKOM, A3TOB3Hor y rpehy 9.eTBpTI1Hy IV sexa (CJI. 4, 1; CJI. 5),5
xao 11 norrynpouaaon OnJIaTe OA jenerser pora (CJI. 4, 6).
Y npocropujn 2, xoja ce npyxa cesepuo OA npocropnje 1, y cnojy A, naheaa
cy in situ rpn JIOHlJ,3 - rnrroca, KOjH ce Mory AaTOB3TI1 y IV - npny nOJIOBl1HY V
4Tponerme nojacnc KOn1.JC ca npaaoyraouav OKOlJOM, yxpaurenna aacypupau.e, rCHCpaJ1lIO ce Mory
ClJpCTaTH y .ulJa 'runa; ca npehuuou yxpaurenov npoToMHMa )\cnlllHlIa H ca npehuuo npaaoyraouor
06nHKa, a yxpac je y lJH.uy apxana Hxpyxoiba HJIHy 06JIHKy P03CTC Hnponcnepa. Ilpunanajy rapmrrypava
BOjHHXnojacena ca OKOBHMa y ofinasy nponcnepa, a HOCHJIH cy HXnpanarurnun norpaun-nrax BojHHX jc
.uHHHua Ha nyuaacsou H pajucxov nHMccy, y Fannja H I>pHTalmjH. ,ll,<lTyjy CC, npeva 3aTBOpCHHM
UCJIHHaMa, y npyry nonounuy IV BCKa. - H. Bullinger, Spiitantike Gurtclbeschlage, 13rugge1969, 66 - 67, Typ
A - B, Altenstadt, T. XXX,I, Camuntum, T. III, 5, Champdolcnt, Abb. 14, 2, Abb. 16,2, Gauting, T. III, 6, St.
German -Ie - Corbeil, T. III, 4, Jambes, T. XXXII, 2, Meinz - Kostheim, T. XXIII, Salona, T. XXVIII, 1 - 2,
Vermand, Abb. 56, 1 - 2, zbirka Diergardt, K61n, T. XXXII, 1; E. Keller, Die spdtromischen Grabfunde ill
Sudbaycm, Munchen 1971,68-69, T. 35,6; H. W. Boheme, Das Ende der Rornerherrschaft in Britannien und
die angelsachsische Besicdlung Englands im 5. Jh.,JRGZM 33 (1986) 476-484, Abb. 11, 12. MehYTHM, xorrsa
ca PaBHC HMaCIlCUHlllH1.Jall yxpac y H ~ y ynncanor xpucorpava ca HaTIlHCOM H31lan n.era (_ M _lig R), sa
KOjH HHCMO HaiUnH aaanoruje,
5C. nCTKOBHh, PUMCKU npeuueru 0)( KOCl11 U porn ca repuropu]e Fopu.e Mesuje, Eeorpan 1995, 27
- 28, T. IX, 2, raficna 2, rafieria 13b, THn VII, nap 1b.
62
C. Ilerxonnh Pan110Hl1lJ.a aa nspany npezxera on KOCTI1 11 pora
3
, .r ,,
5 ,
I
I
- ;;;;.:-:(- ..
I
$
11 8
Cn. 3: 1-2. xepauaxa, 3. 6POH3a, 4. CTaKJlO, 5. KaMeH, 6-8. rBo>Kl)e.
Fig. 3: 1-2, pottery, 3. bronze, 4. glass, 5. stone, 6-8. iron.
63
rCAJ-VJSAS 17 (2001)
o
Ykrp.DKJ1naQKJ1 panonn J1 pacnpanc
4 6
eJI. 4: 1. onnara seuma, 2-3. npurxe, 4. BpX CTpeJIe I1JII1 xaprtyua, 5. WI1JIO, 6. OnJIaTa
Fig 4: 1. comb plate, 2-3. handles, 4. pointed tools, 5. awl, 6. plate.
64
C. I1eTKoBHh Pa)U10HHua sa nspany npenaera O,U KOCTH H pora
sexa,
6
<pparMeHT napyxnuue OA CTaKJIeHe nacre, III - IV sexa (CJI. 3, 4)
7
l1 npenjaern
OA pora l1 KOCTl1, nOJIynp0l13BOAI1 l1 Cl1pOBl1He, xao norryofipahena npurxa (CJI. 4,
3; CJI. 5) l1 aJIaTKa OA jenea.er- pora (CJI. 4, 4; CJI. 5), KOlllTaHO Illl1JIO (CJI. 4, 5), 're
jenersa l1 ronehu por ca rparoaaua ofipane (CJI. 6).
Y l1CTOj npocropnja, na Hl1BOY a, nOAHl1Ul1 OA )l(yTor nafioja, l1CnOA cnoja
nenena, cnoja AI, aahen je 6pOH3aHl1 HOBql1h napa Teonocnja II (408. - 459. ron.).
1i3 crroja A y l1CTpa)l(eHOM AeJIy rpahesnae nOTWIy 6POjHl1 <pparMeHTl1 CTaK-
JIeHl1X l1 KepaMl1QKl1X nocyna, xoje ce Mory AaTOBaTl1 y npyry nOJIOBl1HY IV - npny
nOJIOBl1HY V sexa,
8
're rB03AeHe aJIaTKe (CJI. 3, 7 - 8), KJIl1HOBl1 l1 KJIaM<pe.
Ha oCHOBy crparurpadmje KyJITypHl1X cnojesa l1 apXeOJIOlllKl1X HaJIa3a, AaTO-
BaJIl1 CMO rpahesany OA JIaKOr MaTepl1jaJIa l1 onrosapajyhn CJIoj A y nOcJIeAI-bY
QeTBpTl1Hy IV - npay nOJIOBl1HY V aexa, OAHOCHO najsrrtahy <pa3Y )l(l1BOTa na
cexropy jyzcae xannje yrnphena Timacum minus."
Y OBOj <pa311 )l(l1BOTa aa cexropy jyxue xanaje KOHCTaTOBaHl1 cy rparosn
JIHBaQKe AeJIaTHOCTl1, a Ha oCHOBy KOJIl1Ql1He nOJIynp0l13BOAa l1 Cl1pOBl1Ha 3a
l13PMY npensrera OA KOCTl1 11 pora, aaheanx y l1CTpa)l(eHOM 06jeKTy, nperno-
CTaBI1JII1 CMO nocrojarse PMI10Hl1ue aa I-bl1XOBy np0l13BoAI-bY.
PaAl10Hl1ue aa 113PMY npenxera OA KOCTl1 l1 pora, xoje cy AeJIOBaJIe y nepnony
IV - VI sexa, neh cy KOHCTaTOBaHe na reparopajn Cpfinje, Ha)l(aJIOCT najseruhe
ca HeAOBOJbHO nonaraxa 0 apXeOJIOlllKOM KOHTeKcTy HaJIa3a.
10
Y rpaheanau najsrnahe <pa3e )l(l1BOTa, acrpaxeno] na cexropy jyxcue xannje
JIOKaJIl1TeTa Timacum minus - PaBHa nahena cy, xao lllTO je HaBeAeHO, cnenehn
npeAMeTI1 OA KOCTl1 11 pora:
1. Otuisrs tpocnojnor seiuna ca jC,aHI1M pC,aOM 3y6aaa 11 nysnos ,aPl1lKOM
mpahena OA jerieiser pora, yxpaurena ua npaeoyraoaov nerry ypeaaauv MOTl1BOM
"oxaua". Ha OnJIaTI1 je 6l1JIO jenanaecr KPY)l(Hl1X orsopa aa npn-mpurhaaaa,e, OA
KOjl1X je jenan ourrehen, a y jenaou je CaQyBaH 6pOH3aHl1 3aKl1BaK.
J(liMeH3lije: 82 x 56 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: Jy)l(Ha xannja, KB. Q xxvn, CJIoj A, rpahenmra, npocropnja l.
CJI. 4, 1; CJI. 5.
6DHTOCH npnnanajy 'rnrty C(pepH'lllOr peuanajeura ca XOPH30HTaJlHHM, sapaau.enav 060,uOM, H3-
pat)HBaHHM on rrunre ca npnvecaaa necxa, CHBe, MpKe HJ1H upBeHKaCTO-MpKe 60je nell elba - O. EpYKHep,
PHMCKa KepaMHKa y jyrOCJlOBeUCKoM.aeJlY npoBHHIJ.Hje Iiou.e IIaHoHHje, Beorpan 1981, 109, T. 127,4;
128,28, THn nHTOC3, III - IV BeK; T.lJ,BHjeTHhaHHH, PHMcKa KepaMHKaj yrocnoseucsor uena npOBHHIJ.Hje
J{aKHje PHneH3Hc, Marucrapcxa pan, <I>HJ1H30QlCKH <l>aKyJ1TeT y Beorpany 1992, 150, THn Pi4, xpaj III -
cpennua V nexa,
7 A. JOBaHOBHh, lJaKHT y PHMCKoj J{ap.aaHHjH, Beorpan 1978, 27-28, CJ1. 56-58, III - IV BeK;M. R. Alf61di,
Schmucksachen, Intercisa II, Budapest 1957, 418, III - IV BeK.
8CTaKJ10 H xepasnrxa ca HCTpa>KeHOr nena cexropa jy>KHe xannje HHCy y nornyuocra otipaheaa, a
narosau.e ie asapiueno na OCHOBy ynana Mp M. Py>KHh H ayropa osor pana y MaTepHjaJl.
9 C. DeTKoBHh HC. Josanosuh, ApXe0J10WKa HCKonaBalba pHMcKor yrsphea,aTimacum minus KOJJ. cena
PaBHa, onWTHHa Kn.ascenau TOKOM 1997-1998. roznnre - cexrop jyacue xarmje, Crepunsp 40 (1999).
10Ilocrojan,e panaounua sa H3paJJ.Y npenxera OJJ. KOCH1 H pora ua nojeJJ.HHHMJ10KaJlHTeTHMa, naj-
seuihe ce MO>Ke npaTHTH ua ocnoay aanasa CHpoBHHa H n0J1ynpoH3BoJJ.a- C. IleTKoBH!i, op. cit., 17 - 20,
55 - 56, T. XLII - LII;
65
rCNVJSAS 17 (2001) Hcrpaaoma-rxn panonn If pacnpane
2. Illuno uspaheao 0)], KOCTH,ll Ha unrpea xpajy aeofipaheao, a yJKH je aaumn.ea
KOCHM oncenarsea. I'opna crpana je nparnasaaa, )],OK je nona naayfin.etra aa-
ceuaaesr,
,nlfMeH3lfje: 22 x 75 x 3 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: JY)I(Ha xams]a, KB. a XXVI - P XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahenana, npocropnja 2.
CJI. 4, 5.
3. lloJly06pa1)eHa uptuxs 0)], roaeher pora, KOjH je pasuo once-rea npn xopeny H
KOCO aacesen na BPXY. Ha IIlHpeM xpajy H3)],y6JbeHO je jearpo aa YMeTal-be yean-
HHKa.
.IJ,lfMeH3lfje: 33 x 132 x 9 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: JY)I(Ha xann]a, KB. Q XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahenmra, npocropnja 1.
CJI. 4, 2; CJI. 5.
4. Ilonyotipehen upuix 0)], cerveara napourxa jerren-er pora, neprpopopaaa no
OCH sa yCa)],HHK.
,nlfMeH3lfje: 37 x 145 x 22 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: Jy)I(Ha xarnrja, KB. a XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahemnra, rrpocropnja 2.
CJI. 4, 3; CJI. 5.
5. Ilonyotipsheua aJIaTKa 0)], jeneiser pora na jenaov xpajy aanran.eaa KOCHM
onceuaieesr, ca yCa)],HHKOM y 06JIHKy CJIOBa U na npyron xpajy, rrpnrnasaaa,
najaepoaaraaje BpX CTpeJIe HJIH xapnyaa
,nlfMeH3lfje: 7 x 105 x 2 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: JY)l(Ha xann]a, KB. 0 XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahennna, npocropnja 2.
CJI. 4, 4; CJI. 5.
6. Tlnosnua 0.4 jcnener pora, rry-mor 06m1Ka KOjH nparn npaponay JIHHHjy
CHpoBHHe, yrnasaae jenne crpaae, najaepoaarnuje no.nynpoaaaon OnJIaTe xeurn,a.
,nlfMeH3lfje: 60 x 22 mm
Mecro HaJIa3a: JY)l(Ha xarur]a, KB. Q XXVI, CJIoj A, npocropn]a 1.
CJI. 4, 6.
7. Jenen.u por ca osyaanou p03eToM, xopeaov ca )],eJIOM notiaae H je)],HHM
napourxosr, KOCO 3aCeqeHHM npa BPXY. CTa6JIo pora je paano oncexeuo H3Ha)],
posere,
MeCTO HaJIa3a: JY)l(Ha xanu]a, KB. a XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahennna, rrpocropnja 2.
CJI. 6.
8. Toseh por ca OqyaaHHM xopenosr H )],eJIOM nofiane, paBHO oncexeaor BPXa.
Mecro HaJIa3a: JY)l(Ha xann]a, KB. 0 XXVI, CJIoj A, rpahenmra, npocropnja 2.
CJI. 6.
llOJIynpoH3BO)],H )],pIIlKH, Hal)eHH y npocropujava 1 H 2, npnnanajy rnny npur-
KH 0)], jenereer HJIH roseher pora, qHjH 06JIHK npara npnponay JIHHHjy CHpoBHHe
H neprpopnpaa je no OCH aa YMeTal-be yCa)],HHKa, a MOJKe 6HTH yxpaurea ypeaanmr
MOTHBOM KOHlJ,eHTpHqHHX xpyxnha HJIH xpyzcnha ca TaqKOM y cpenaaa, "OKlJ,H-
11 . to
Illano je H3pa'JeHO on metacarpus-a osue HJlH K03e.
66
C. Ilerxonnh Pa,ll110HHua aa 113Pa.uy npeznrcra on KOCTH H pora
Ma". OHe cy KOpl1IlITeHe aa aJIaTKe o.n rBO)l(l)a 11 6pOH3e, xao 11 aa aozceae, a'IeCTI1
cy HaJIa311 nepaona IV - VI sexa na PHMCKI1M JIOKaJIl1TeTI1Ma12
HanpOTI1B, nonyofipahen BpX CTpeJIe I1JII1 xapnyna 113 npocropuje 2 aranmaa
je HaJIa3 p"MCKOr npesseaa KOCT 11 por cy KOp"IlITeHI aa 113Pa.ny apxosa CTpeJIa
joury npaacropajn, aJIl1 cy xacaaje 3aMel-beHH ornopaajaa MaTepHjaJIOM, MeTa-
JIOM. BpXOBH CTpeJIa on pora n03HaTH cy HaM, ua OCHOBy apXeOJIOIlIKI1X HaJIa3a,
KO.n CTenCKI1X uapona, CKI1Ta 11 CapMaTa
13
3a Hac je 3aHl1MJbHB nonarax AMHjaHa
MapueJII1Ha na cy ce XyHH y nananaaa na PHMJbaHe, ys H3BpcTaH pe!f>JIeKCHH
JIyK, CJIY)l(I1JII1 CTpeJIaMa ca KOLUTaHI1M BpXOM.1
4
Ha oCHOBy BeJII1'II1He 11 06JII1Ka, HaKO npemser naje nospurea, csrarpaxio na
611 OBO Morao 6l1Tl1 11 BpX xapnyna (CJI. 4, 4). TOMe y npanor rOBOpl1 11 6JIl13l1Ha
Benor TI1MOKa, KOjl1 je y OHO speae, xao 11 nanac 06HJIOBaO p1160M. Y CBaKOM
crryxajy, CMaTpaMO na je osaj BpX KOpl1IlIheH xao opyhe aa JIOB. CJII1'IHI1 BpXOBI1
CTpeJIa on jenetser pora, ca YCa.nHI1KOM y 06JIl1Ky CJIOBa U, nOTI1'Iy 113 36l1pKe
Hapomror My3eja y Ey.nI1MneLUTH.15
KOiliTaHY aJIaTKy, naheay y npocropnjn 2 (CJI. 4, 5), yCJIOBHO MO)l(eMO cMaTpaTI1
IlII1JIOM 360r KOCO 3aCe'IeHOr xpaja, KOjH !f>opMl1pa IlIHJbaK, aJIl1 je OHa nopen
!f>yHKUl1je npofianana MOrJIa CJII1)1(HTH 11 aa cesetse, 0 'IeMy CBe.nO'I11 aaceuarsesr
aasytirseaa I1Bl1ua.nY)l(e crpaae. Csrarpaao na je OBa aJIaTKa onfiaxeaa npn napana,
jep Hl1je ycneno aaaytin.naan,e, O.nHOCHO ypean cy Tpe6aJIl1 na 6y.ny ryurhn, IlITO
611 !f>OpMHpaJIO nexy BpCTy Ha3y6JbeHOr Ce'IHBa, recrepnue HJIH 'IeIlIJbaCTOr HH-
crpyueara
AJIaTKe uspaheae on ueBaCTI1X KOCTl1jy I1JII1 pe6apa 60Bl1.IJ.a, aasytirseae HBl1ue,
MOrJIe cy CJIY)l(I1TI1 aa yxpauraaarse rrOBpIlII1He KepaMI1'IKI1X nocyna TK3B. 'IeIlI-
JbaCTI1M MOTHBOM.
16
Ha P"MCKOM JIOKaJIl1TeTY Arae Flaviae, y Hexa-rxoj, nahena
cy roseha pe6pa CJII1'IHO aaayfin.eae I1BI1Ue, najaeposaruaje recrepe I1JII1 nexa
BpCTa My311'IKI1X HHcTpyMeHTa (?).1
7
OnJIaTa TpOCJIojHor, jenaopennor xenrn.a on jenetser pora ca JIyqHOMnpmxo,
yxpaureua "OKUI1Ma" (CJI. 4, 1; CJI. 5), npanana, xao IlITO CMO HaBeJIH, THrry na-
TOBaHOM y npyry nOJIOBI1HY, yxe y rpehy 'IeTBpTI1Hy IV sexa, KapaKTepI1CTI1'IHOM
12C. OeTKOBI1h, op. cit., 48 - 49, npuixa 'nm I, sap. 1 11 3, T. XXV, 4, T. XXXVI, 1 11 T. XXXVII, 6 -
Singidunum, l.Je3aBa, Cannyv, Diana, Pontes, Moxpaiscxe crene, Romuliana 11 Ulpiana na reparopnja
Fopn,e Mesaje; M. T. Biro, Gorsium Bone Carvings,Alba Regia 23 (1987) 48, fig. 287; Idem, The Bone Objects
oftile Roman Collection, Budapest (1994) 100,Intercisa, PI. LV, 482, Brigetio, PI. LVI, 483.
13A. 11.MeJIlQKoBa, Boopyseeuue CKWjJOB, Mocxsa 1964; M. T. MOWKOBa, JIaM.Jl11lI1KI1 JIpOXOpOBCKOR
KYJlbTYPI1 (IV- II B. B. uo 11. e.), MOCKBa1964; K. <1>. CMHpHOB- B. l.J. Ilerpeuxo, C8BpOMarnJIOBOJlJKJlI1
/O)f(//oro JIpI1YP8J1.Jl, Mocxsa 1963.
14Amm, XXXI, 2, 9. Y npesony M. MHJIHH BpXOBH xonarsa - A. MapueJIHH, HCTOpl1ja, npenrosop,
npeson H ofijaunseu.a M. MHJIHH, Beorpan 1998. - ana uajseume BpXOBH CTpeJIa.
15M. T. Biro, The Bone Objects, 48, PI. LVIII, 495 - 496.
16
M
. EpM60JIHh, PaHoBH3aHTHjcKo yraphen,e MOM'lHJIOB rpan na Jyxopy, 3PHM 12/1 (1986) 216, CJI.
37; D. Ciugudean, Obiectele din as, com si fildes de la Apulum, Alba Julia 1997,48, PI. XXXV, 1.
17 M. Kokabi, Arae Flaviae II, Viehhaltung und Jagd im romischen Rottweil, Stuttgart 1982, 132, Abb. 92 a-b,
94 a-b.
67
rCA,IVJSAS 17 (2001) I1cTPa)f(J1BalfKJ1 pa)lOBJ1 J1 pacnpane
Cn, 5. Ilpenaern O,Tl pora.
Fig. 8. Autler items.
Cn, 6. Jenea,n 11 r O e ~ por ca TparOBI1Ma ofipane,
Fig. 6. Deer and bovid autler with the working traces.
68
C. TIeTKoBMh Pa;:{MOHMua aa M3pa;:{Y rrpenxe'ra on KOCTM 11 pora
aa HaJIa3e xyrrrype t.IepaaxoB - CI1HTaHa ne Mypeur, KOjl1 ce peTKO jaarsa na
reprrropajn UapCTBa, y norpaHI1'1HI1M yTBpl')eaI1Ma.
18
CMaTpaMOna je Haw npn-
MepaK norrynpoaason, O.n.HOCHO na je '1eWaJh ourrehen npanaxon npaxapurhn-
saisa nno-nma ca aynunva 11 OnJIaTa. To CMO 3aKJhyql1nH na oCHOBy cavo jennor
oxyaanor fiponaaaor- 3aKI1BKa 11 ourrehen.a Ha npaaoyraonosr nerry OnJIaTe, rne ce
HaJIa3110 jenau on orsopa sa 3aKMBKe. Ha OCTaJIHM OTBopHMa nnje 6Hno rparosa
6poH3aHI1x 3aKI1BaKa, HI1 xapaxrepacrnaaor; 3eJIeHOr rpara naruae KOjH 611 no-
CTOjaJIl1 na je xeuran- 6110 npuxapurhea 11 xao roTOB np0l13BOr KOpl1WTeH.l
9
Ilpa-rapurhaean,e cnojesa TpOCJIOjHI1X xeuuseaa on pora 6pOH3aHI1M I1Jm rB03-
.n.eHI1M 3aKI1Bll,I1Ma 611JIa je BeOMa OCeTJhHBa onepaunja, xoja je 11311CKI1BaJIa MHOro
BeWTI1He. t.IecTo je y TOj <pa311 mpane, CKOpO aaapuren, xenran, 611Bao oWTeheH.
20
Ilopen onfia-rene OnJIaTe qewJha, y npocropnja 1 naheua je 11 nnO'lI111,a on
jeneiser pora, najsepoaarnaje nonynponason OnJIaTe rpocnojaor -renrrsa (en, 4,
6). He MO)l(eMO 3HaTI1 aa KOjl1 run xeurrsa je npanpexaaa OBa IIJIOql111,a, 0.n.6a
lleHa,
uajaepoaarmrje, 360r ny-mor 06nl1Ka 11 MaJIl1X .n.I1MeH3I1ja. Morna je 6111'11 neo
nnopenaor xeuma, xao 11 jenaopemror ca nyqHOM .n.PWKOM.
21
DBa spcra norrynpoaaaona nanaxeua je y panl10HI1I.J,aMa aa nspany rpocnojnnx
jezmopernnrx 11 nnopezmax -reuusena on jenen.er pora, .n.aToBaHI1M y IV - VI BeK.
22
Jenea,n 11 rOBel)11 por, Hal')eHI1 y npocropnjn 2, I1Majy osyaaa xopen ca nenov
rtofian.e, WTO rosopn 0 TOMe na cy )l(I1BOTl1ae 611JIe yfinjene npe oncrpamrsaua
porosa. 3aHI1MJhl1B0 je KOHCTaTOBaTI1 na ce CTaHOBHI1WTBO Timacum minusa 6aBI1JIO
18B. Il, TIeTpoB, l.[epH.fIKOBCKI1 MOrl1J11JHI1K, ,apeBlIOCTI1 enOXI1 CJ10JKelll1.f1 BOCTO'lllOrO CJ18R.fIlICTB8,
Mocxsa 1964, 110, pHC. 13,5; E. A. CibMOHOBH'I, llpl14YH8RcKl1 MOrl1J1bHI1K etJYPbM8HOBK8, MOrl1J1blll1KU
l.[epH.fIXOBcKol1 KYJ1brypl1, Mocxsa 1988,148, norp. 2, pHC.4, 2,152, norp. 8, pHC. 8, 4; B. Mitrea - C. Preda,
Necropole din secolul al IVlea e. n. in Muntenia, Bucuresti 1966,52, lndepedenta, M. 17, fig. 128,4; A M6csy,
Die spatrornische Festung, in Die spiitromische Festungund das Graberfeld von Tokod, Budapest 1981, 46, Abb.
53. 3a nanaa ca JlOKaJlHTeTa Lle3aBa- Castrum Novae BHL\eTH Han. 5.
19113HelieMo aanaacaa,e L\aje BeliHHa pHMCKHX npenvera OJ\ KOCTH H pora xoja je 6HJla y J\OL\HPY ca
6pOH30M, HJlH je HMaJla J\eJlOBe OJ\ oaor MaTepHjaJla, xao nnp, 6pOH3aHe anxe npaaesaxa HJIH HHTHe
'1eWJLeBa, J\06HJla KapaKTepHCTH'IHY 3eJIeHY fiojy J\eJlOBaI-LeM narnue ua opraucxy MaTepHjy. Taxohe,
caepeveaa npenjaeru OJ\ KOCTH H pora, npe csera HaKHT, BeOMa 6P30 n03eJIeHe aKOcy Y J\OJ\HPY ca
6pomOM HJIHcpe6pOM.
20 P. Galloway and M. Newcomer, The Craft of Comb - making: An Experimental Enquiry, Bulletin ofthe
Institute ofArchaeology, University of London 18 (1981) 78-80, PI. III. Hawa onnara je yxpauieaa npe Hero
WTO cy fiyprnjov H36yweHH Kpy)f{HH OTBOpH sa 3aKHBKe, WTO ce BHJ\H npeva I-bHXOBOM pacnopeny y
OJ\HOCY aa OpHaMeI-lT. CMaTpaMO J\a je onnara nyxna I-1a MecTy ourreheua npa 3aKHBal-bY fipoaaanor
3aKHBKa.
21 . . . .
1 Hn seurn.eaa ca Jly'lI-lOM J\PWKOM HcnOJ\ KOJe Je npasoyrnona onnara, LlaTYJe ce Y nOCJIeLlI-bY
'1eTBpTHHyIV - npsy nOJlOBHHY Y seka, J\OK ce J\BopeJ\HH TpOCJlOjHH '1eWJLeBH naryjy y nepaon IV - VI
BeKa- C. TIeTKoBHl'I, op. cit., 21-24, T. 1- VII, THnOBH I, II HIII, 27, T. IX, 4-7, T. X, 1- 2, THn VII, sap. 2 H3
a-6.
22
y
. Palade, Noi atelier de lucrat piepteni din com de cerb in secolul al IV-ea e. n. la Valea Seaca - Birlad,
Carpica2 (1969) 239, fig. 4,1, fig. 8-9; A. Salamon, Archaologische Angaben zur spatromischen Geschichte des
Pannonischen Limes - Gewaihmanufaktur in lntercisa, MAIUAW6 (1976) 51, T. 27, 3 - 4; S. Dumitrascu, Un
atelier de lucrat piepteni descoperit la Biharea, Crisia 15 (1985) 63, PI. Xl, 1 - 5, PI. XVI, 1; C. Opreanu, Date
preliminare privind prelucrarea osului in secolul al IV-lea e. n. in asezarea de la Suceag (jud. Cluj), Ephemeris
Napocensis 2 (1992) 161, PI. 1II, 24; TIeTKoBHh,op. cii., 56, T. , 1 - 2.
69
rCA,D/JSAS 17 (2001) I1CTpa)f(I1BaQKI1 pa,uOBI1 11 pacnpaae
JIOBOM, xao H na je y OKOJIHHH 6HJIO penpeseararasanx npusrepasa o.npaCJIHX
My)l(jaKa, jerrena (Cervus elaphus).23
HaJIa3Hnorrynponaaona H CHpoBHHa aa H3PaAY npenjaera on pora H KOCTH 6HJIH
cy y jy)l(HOM nerry npocropnje 2, H3Me1')y nperpannor 3HAa ca
npocropnjav 1 H ABa seha nJI01.JaCTa KaMeHa, KOjH cy nopen KOHcTpyKTHBHe
MOrJIH CJIy)l(HTH xao panae noepnmae (CJI. 1).
Y OBOj npocropuja, cesepao on neher nena 3HAa on nena, KOjH je rreacao
ofipytuea aa nomnnm, HHBO a 6HO je npexpasea HHTeH3HBHHM CJIojeM nenerra
H rapezor, CJIojeM AI. IIOlliTO je 06jeKaT nanyurren y TpeHyTKY noxapa, 0 'ieMy
caenoxe nocyne aaheae in situ y npocropajaera 1 H 2, MO)l(eMO npernocraaarn .na
ce y npocropnja 2 HaJIa3HJIa seha KOJIH1.JHHa npsera, 1.JHjHM ce caropeaaisea
>opMHpao HHTeH3HBaH CJIoj nenena H rapexa, .ne6JbHHe on 0,30 no 0, 50 m. Osaj
CJIoj HHje aacrao ropea.ea KpOBHe jep je OHaHaKHaAHO nana npexo
cnoja uryra >opMHpaHor pyuretsesr 3HAOBa on rrena, O.nHOCHO YPYIllHJIa ce Y
yHyTpaIllH.OCT 06jeKTa nourro je OH Beh CTPaAaO y nozcapy.
CMaTpaMO, na je npocropaja 2 HMaJIa aa 06paAY rtpaera,
pora H KOCTH, IllTO je JIOrH1.JaH cnoj .neJIaTHOCTH y crrysajy 3aHaTCKe npoaaaomse
MaH.er 06HMa.
Ha OCHOBy opraanaauaje JIOKaJIHHX aa H3PaAY npenaera on pora
H KOCTH HCTpaJKeHHX Sirmiumu, Intercisi H Gorsiumu, xoje cy .neJIOBaJIe TOKOM
IV H n01.JeTKOM V aexa, 4 MO)l(e ce npeTnOCTaBHTH na je y npocropnjn
2 >yHKIJ.HOHHCaJIa y OKBHpy aeher 3aHaTCKor uearpa cssenrreaor- y .neJIHMH'iHO
HCTpa)l(eHOM 06jeKTy aa cexropy jyxore xanaje,
3a npouec nponaaozuse npensrera o.n pora H KOCTH .nOBOJbHa je 6HJIa jenaa
npocropaja y KOjOj cy ce nopen nehn, HaJIa3HJIe PaAHe noapunme on KaMeHa H
jemtocraaan HaMeIllTaj y BHAY npseuax CTOJIOBa H rponoxaua, nocyne aa KYBaH.e
H 60jeH.e CHpOBHHa, 're npnpyxan recapcxa aJIaT, KOjH je CJIy)l(HO H aa 06paAY
.npBeTa.
n
H
.
a pHMCKHM JlOKMHTeTHMa KOHCTaTOBaHH cy yrnaenou OCTeOJlOWKH OCTal..\H onpacnux My>KJaKa
BpCTeCervus elaphus, WTO MO>K.ua rosopa 0 CeJleKTHBHOM JlOBy. -So B6k6nyi,Animal Husbandry andHunting
in Tac - Gorsium, Budapest 1984, 96; M. Kokabi, op. cit., 106.
Ha pHMCKHM JlOKMHTeTHMa Fopn.e Mesaje, y cnojesnxa MJlaljHM on xpaja III sexa, jasrsa ce BeJlHKa
KOJlH'IHHa neofipahenax jenea.ax porosa H npiosepaxa ca rparosxaa ofipane, a y nepuony N - VI sexa
OBO je rnasua CHpOBHHa saaspany npenxera on pora, Baure nyraCMO cKpeTMH na>KH>y na je neonxoruto
H3BPWHTH ofiparty OCTeOJlOWKOr MaTepHjMa ca HaWHX JlOKMHTeTa.ua 6H ce pasjacaana yrrora JlOBa y
npHBpe.uH I'opu,e Mesaje, Y CBaKOM cnysajy, y WyMoBHTHM 06J1aCTHMa OBe nposammje JlOB je carypno
6HO sacrynrsen xao nonyncxa .ueJiaTHOCT, a jenea je no caevy cyneha 6HO OMHJLeHa .uHBJLa':l.
24
B.IIIapaHoBHh- CBeTeK, Ilpanor npoysaaarsy aHTH':IKOr KOWTaHOpe3a':lKOr- pesfiapcxor sanara Ha
'reparopaja Jy>KHe Flanounje C noce6HHM OCBpTOM ua CHPMHjyM, RVM 26 (1980), 125-126; Idem,
Tonorparpaja H xaranor pHMCKHX KOWTaHHX npenxera H3CHPMHjyMa, RVM 31 (1988-1989) 115. - na
JlOKaJlHTeTY44 H45, YOKBHpy 3aHaTCKe ':IeTBpTH Y3cesepaa 6e.ueMCHpMHjYMa, HCTpa>KeHe cy panaoaaue
y 06jeKTHMa on naxor MaTepHjMa, naroaane y N BeK; A. Salamon, op. cit., 50-51, T. 24. - YrpaljeBHHH3,
nonaruyro] H3Ha.u TepMH KpajeMN aeka, xoucraroaaaa]e panaonaua sa ofipany jenen.er pora, O.uHOCHO
sa napany ':IeWJLeBa H onnara perpnexcuor JlYKa, xoja je .ueJlOBMa y nocneznso] ':IeTBpTHHH N - npso]
nOJlOBHHH V sexa; M. T. BIro, Gorsium Bone Carvings, Alba regia 23 (1987) 42. - cesepo - HCTO':lHH neo
rpaheaaue VII, nonaruyre y II sexy, 06HOBJLeH je KOHCTPYKUHjOM on CYB03H.ua xpajea III sexa H 'ry je
CMeWTeHa panaonaua saH3pa.uyKOWTaHHX npenxera, xoja je nenonana TOKOM npse nOJlOBHHe N aexa
70
C. IIeTKoBJ1h PaD,J10HJ1ua aa J13Pa.uy npenaera OD, KOCTJ1 J1 pora
Y npocropajn 2 KOHCTaTOBaHe cy noxeuyre panne noapunnre on xaxena, a y
uenocpennoj 6J1H3HHH nena, xoja ce HaJIa3HJla y npocropnjn 1, OCJlOI--beHa aa
nperpanaa 3H,ll" naheaa cy TpH rnrroca - JlOHlJ,a.
On rB03,n,eHHX aJIaTKH, xoje cy MOrJle CJly:>KHTH aa ofipany KOCTH H pora, y
npocropajn 1 uaheu je rB03.n.eHH HO:>KHh, nOJlYMeCeqaCTOr cesnaa (CJI. 3, 6), xao H
6pyc aa ourrperse on CBeTno - CHBor KaMeHa (en. 3, 5), a y npocropnjn 2 rB03.n.eHO
nnero H umno (err, 3, 7 - 8). Ilopen Tora, uahena je seha KOJlHqHHa nornyno
xoponapanax rB03.n.eHHX npenaera, HapOqHTO y cnojy nenerra, cnojy A1?5
Ha:>KaJIOCT, HH ofijexar on naxor MaTepHjaJIa, xao HH npocropnja 2 HHCy Y
nornyuocrn HCTpa:>KeHH, 're aenocrajy jave - nenoa CHpoBHHa H onfiaseaor
MaTepHjaJIa KOjH npare panaonuue aa H3Pa.n.y npeavera ort pora H KOCTH.
26
Hnax, 3aHHMJhHBO je na cy CHpOBHHa H norrynponanonn, Hat)eHH y nauroj
pa.n.HOHHlJ,H, y rpenyrxy noscapa OCTanH in situ nopen pananx nospunura on
KaMeHa: neo jenen.er H roseher pora (CJl. 6), norryofipahena npurxa H BpX crperre
HJlH xaprryaa, najsepoaarnaje napahena on HCTor jeneieer pora (CJl. 4, 3 - 4; CJl.
5) H KOWTaHO WHJlO (crt. 4, 5).
Y npocropnjn 1 Hat)eHje nonynpoaason npurxe on roseher pora, qHjH je neo
ca xopeuox KOHCTaTOBaH y npocropnjn 2 (CJI. 4, 2), onnara seiun.a ca nyqHOM
,n,pWKOM on jeneiser pora (en. 4, 1), xao H nonynponason ormare qeWJha on
jeneiser pora (CJl. 4, 6). OBH npenxeru, o,n,6aqeHH npe <l>HHaJIH3alJ,Hje, nocnenn
cy xao OTnalJ,H y npocropnjy 1.
Mann 6poj npenaera on pora, Hat)eHHx y nauroj pa,n,HOHHlJ,H, MO:>Ke ce TYMa-
qHTH qHl-beHHlJ,OM na npocropuja 2 HHje y lJ,enOCTH HCTpa:>KeHa. Taxohe, MO:>KeMO
npernocrasarn na je nponaaonu,a npenuera on pora H KOCTH YOKBHpy pannounue
aa ofipany npsera HMana orpanaxea 06HM. Mopaxo Y3eTH y 063Hp, na je je,n,HoM
MajcTopy aa mpany seum.a on jenerser pora, y npocexy, 6Hno norpefiao 7 - 8
caTH.
27
YKOJlHKO panaoanua unje 6HJla opraaaaosaaa TaKO, na y pa3J1WIHTHM
<l>a3aMa aspane npenvera pana nnure CnelJ,HjanH30BaHHx MajcTopa, nponyxrnnnocr
je 6HJla BeOMa HHCKa. MO:>KeMo npeTnOCTaBHTH na je jenan MajcTop, on jernror
jenen.er pora, yxrsyxyjyha npanpevy CHpoBHHe, Morao pe36apHTH npemrere
HeKonHKO naua,
Cuarpana CMO na pannoaaua sa napany npenaera on KOCTH H pora ca yrapheua
Timacum minus, HaKO ,n,eJlHMHqHO HCTpa:>KeHa, aacrryzcyje naury nazosy. TIpe csera
saro, WTO je npyra panaoaaua OBe BpCTe H,ll,eHTH<I>HKoBaHa H HCTpa:>KeHa na
reparopnjn Cp6Hje.
28
25
fB03AeHH IW)I(eBH H KaMeHH 6pyCCBH Hal}cHH cy Y paAHOHHUH sa H3paAY 'lCWJLeBa y EHXppCH. - S.
Dumitrascu,op. cit.,62, OJI. II, IV; HO)l(eBH, nnera HWHJla KOpHWTCHH cy Y paAHoHHUH Y OKOJlHHHKnyxca.
- C. Opreanu, op. cit., 160 - 161.
26V. Palade, op. cit.,239, fig. 5 - 7, 9/ 2 - 5 H12/2. Ha OBOM JlOKaJIHTeTy HCTpa)l(CHOje BHWCrpyrtacaanx
panaouaua aa H3paAY jCAHOPCAHJ.1X 'lCWJLCBa OAjenen.er pora, ca CBHMCJlCMCHTHMa, WTO je ovor-yhano
PCKOHCTpyKUHjy npoueca nponaaoznse,
27 P. Galloway - Newcomer, op. cit., 74, T. I.
28 BHACTH Han. 10.
71
rCA,DjJSAS 17 (2001) HCTpaJKliBaQKIi panonn Ii pacrrpase
Ilopen pa,LJ;J10HI1IJ,a l1.ueHTmlmKOBaHI1X aa oCHOBy no.nynpoaaaona 11 CI1POBI1H3,
na repnropaja Fopise Me311je I1CTpaJKeHa je pa.u110HI1IJ,a aa npuxrapay ofipany
jeneiser pora npl1JII1KOM apXeOJIOIlIKI1X acxonasana I1CTOtIHOr 6e.ueMa xacrpyxa
Singidunum TOKOM 1980 - 1984. ro.u.
29
HaJKaJIOCT, pe3yJITaTI1 I1CTpaJKI1Bal-ba jour
ysex HI1CY ofijaarseaa.
TIy6JII1KOBal-beM pa.u110HI1IJ,e aa 113Pa.uy npeznrera on KOCTI1 11 pora ca yrsphena
Timacum minus, cxpehexro nazosy KOJIera ira np06JIeM OBe 3aHaTCKe .ueJIaTHOCTIi,
KOjl1 rpetia I1MaTI1 y BI1JJ:Y Y 6y.uyhl1M apXeOJIOIlIKI1M I1CKOnaaal-bI1Ma Hanaxro ce,
na he HaM nana I1CTpaJKI1Bal-ba cexropa JyJKHe xannje na JIOKaJIl1TeTY Timacum
minus - PaBHa oMoryhliTI1 na y nOTnyHocTI1 carnenaao cPYHKlJ,l1jy rpaheanae xoja
npanana HajMJIal)oj cPa311 JKI1BOTa yrspheisa, xao 11 .ua heMo pa.uI1OHI1IJ,y aa aspany
npernrera on KOCTI1 11 pora YKJIOnl1TI1 y CJII1KY npernocraan.eaor- 3aHaTCKor IJ,eHTpa
y OBOM ofijexry,
Y,ZJ;K: 904-035.56(497.11)"652"
SOFIJA PETKOVIC
THE WORKSHOP OF THE BONE AND ANTLER ITEMS
IN THE ROMAN FORTRESS OF TIMACUM MINUS
Summary
During the September 1998. archaeological investigation of the site Timacum
minus by the village Ravna near Knjazevac were continued on the section of the
Southern gate of the fortification.
Inside the rampart, behind the Southern gate, the youngest phase of living in the
fortification of Timacum minus was explored.
The large building laying E - W, 12, 50 m long, made of packed earth on the
stone foundation was discovered. The walls of the construction running N - S in sq.
Q XXVI - Q XXVII and 0 XXVI were leaning on the East and West tower of the
Southern gate, which was on this level closed by the stone wall. The building was
destroyed in fire.
The explored section of this building consisted of two rooms (fig. 1).
In the room 1, leaning on the towers of the Southern gate, a demolished owen
of the rectangular shape, made of stone plastered with yellow clay, was discovered
with two ceramic vessels above it, a deep conical bowl with the horizontal rim and
an amphora with the ribbed ornament (fig. 2).
. I X
C. IleTKoBl1l1, op. CIt. 18 -19, T. XLI - XLI .
72
C. Ilenconah Pa,u110Hl1l.\a sa irapany npenxera on KOCTI1 11 pora
From the corresponding layer in this room derived four ceramic lamps made on
the potters' wheel (fig.3, 1 - 2), a bronze plate of the belt buckle (fig. 3, 3), a
grindstone (fig. 3, 5), an iron knife (fig. 3, 6), a semiproduct of a handle made of
bovid antler (fig. 4, 2) and semiproducts of comb plates made of red - deer antler
(fig. 4, 1, 6).
In the room 2, on the level of the floor, level a, three large pots, pitoi, of the
spherical recipient with the horizontal rim were found in situ. From the corresponding
layer A derived a fragment of a glass bracelet (fig. 3, 4), semiproducts of a handle
and a pointed tool (harpoon) made of red - deer antler (fig. 4, 3 - 4), a bone awl
(fig. 4, 5) as well as a red deer and a bovid antler with the working traces (fig. 6).
On the floor of this room destroyed in fire a coin of Theodosius II (408. - 459.) was
found.
According to the stratigraphy of the cultural layers and archaeological finds, the
building behind the Southern gate and corresponding level a and layer A could be
dated in the last quarter of the 4 th - the first half of the 5 th century A D.
On the basis of the amount of semiproducts and row material for the production
of the bone and antler items we assumed the existance of the workshop in the room
2 of the building. There were also working places on the stone blocks, the owen and
nearby three pitoi in situ, in which the row material could have been cooked or stored,
found.
The iron knife with crescent blade and the light-grey grindstone from the room
1, as well as the iron chisel and drill (fig. 3, 5 - 8) could have been used in this
workshop. It is interesting that the raw material and semiproducts of the bone and
antler items and iron tools were found in situ by the working places in the room 2,
and the antler oblects and tools from the room 1 had been thrown away from the
workshop as useless before the building was destroyed in fire.
02. 03. 2001.
73