FLIGHT ENVELOPE

Flight Maneuvering load Factors and Maneuvering envelope: The various loading conditions for an aeroplane usually are represented on a graph of the limit load factor n plotted against the indicated airspeed V. This diagram is often called the V-n diagram. In accelerated flight, the lift becomes much more complex as it is greater compared to weight of the aircraft. These lift forces cause stresses on the aircraft. Aircraft Type: Non-Aerobatic [Group-A] (Forced landing necessary in case of power plant failure) Maneuvering Load Factor Estimation: 1. n1 = 2.1 + n1 = 2.2706 n1 3 2. 3. n3 = -1.0 n4 = 3*n1 = 2.25 2.5 Here Clmax is maximum lift coefficient with wing flaps retracted. VS1 = Vstall = 73.22 m/s VA Design Maneuvering Speed VA = VS1 * VA = 126.82 m/s = 456.55 km/hr VB Design Speed for Maximum gust Intensity VB must be less than 1.6 times of Stall speed of the aircraft W-Weight in kg

So, VB < 117.152 m/s 115 m/s = 414 km/hr VC - Design cruising speed a) VC VB + 80 km/hr. VC VB + 80 Up to 6000m, At 7000m At 8000m At 9000m b) VC should be less than or equal to 0.9 times of velocity at the cruising altitude VC 226.72 m/s = 816.20 km/hr. c) VC 0.8 VD VD VC + 113 km/hr. VD VC + 113 At 7000m At 8000m At 9000m km/hr. VD Design diving speed Up to 6000m Altitude in excess of 6000m km/hr. Up to 6000m Altitude in excess of 6000m

VC = 494 km/hr. VC = 489.96 km/hr. VC = 485.419 km/hr. VC = 481.013 km/hr.

VD = 596.20 km/hr. VD = 586.28 km/hr. VD = 575.85 km/hr.

GUST VELOCITIES: At 6000m altitude = 0.6529 kg/m3 At VB, Umax = 20 m/s up to 6000m At VC, Umax = 15 m/s up to 6000m At VD, Umax = 7.5 m/s up to 6000m Mean aerodynamic chord = 3.72 m

Slope of airplane wing lift curve, m = 7.16 per radian V = 828 km/hr W/S = 580.61 kg/m2 K = 0.8741 Ng = 1 n =

= At VB , ng = 3.5 At VC , ng = 2.635 At VD , ng = 2.35

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