Mixtures

Mixtures

What are mixtures? What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution?

Mixtures

What are mixtures?

What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution?

Solutions

Solutions are made by dissolving a small quantity of one substance in to a large quantity of another substance The substance that is present in the larger quantity is called the solvent. The substance that is present in a smaller quantity and that dissolves into the other is called the solute.

What did we learn?

Solutions

Solutions are made by dissolving a small quantity of one substance in to a large quantity of another substance The substance that is present in the larger quantity is called the solvent. The substance that is present in a smaller quantity and that dissolves into the other is called the solute.

What did we learn?

A SOLUTE dissolves into a SOLVENT

Solutions as Liquids

This means that the solvent is a liquid. Water is the most common solvent but there are others.

Ethanol in perfume
Ethyl acetate in nail polish

But the solute can also be a solid or a gas Sugar and salt into water

Carbon dioxide and oxygen in our blood

Solutions as Liquids

Water!

Water is called the universal solvent More substances dissolve in water than any other chemical.

Solids Solutions

Both the solute and solvent are solids Metals

The metals are heated until they melt and then they are mixed together alloys are created when they contain 2 or more metals

Consider chocolate and caramel. Together?

Question
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Brass is an alloy or copper and zinc. What are the solutes if copper is the solvent in both cases?

Gas Solutions

Both the solvent and the solute are gases Air is 78% nitrogen gas, 21% oxygen gas and 1% argon gas, mixed with other small amounts. Which gases are the solutes and the solvents?

Dissolving and the particle Theory

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

What are the main points of the particle theory?

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

What are the main points of the particle theory?

all matter is made up of tiny particles

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

What are the main points of the particle theory?

all matter is made up of tiny particles particles are always moving

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

What are the main points of the particle theory?

all matter is made up of tiny particles particles are always moving particles move faster when they are heated

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

What are the main points of the particle theory?

all matter is made up of tiny particles particles are always moving particles move faster when they are heated particles have spaces between them

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

When a substance dissolves, the particles separate and the particles of the solvent fit in between the particles of the solute and they become mixed.

The particles are attracted to each other. If the particles are not attracted to each other, the smaller substance will not dissolve.

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

If a particular solute will dissolve in a solvent we call it soluble in that solvent. If it will not dissolve, we call it insoluble in that solvent.

Experiment Time

1. Water is the solvent and sugar is the solute 2. Oil is the solvent and sugar is the solute

3. Water is the solvent and water is the solute

Is the solute soluble or insoluble?