Math Answers and WB

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. 8 increased by three times a number
6. the difference of 17 and 5 times a number
8 3x
7. the product of 2 and the second power of y
17 5x
8. 9 less than g to the fourth power
15 2x
7. three fourths the square of b
x2 91
2 x3 5
2y 2
g4 9
3 b2 4
8. two fifths the cube of a number
Lesson 1-1
15. 72 49 17. 73 343
16. 44 256 18. 113 1331
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-1
Skills Practice
Variables and Expressions
1-1
Practice
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. 1. the sum of a number and 10 2. 15 less than k
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. 1. the difference of 10 and u 2. the sum of 18 and a number
x 10
3. the product of 18 and q
k 15
4. 6 more than twice m
10 u
3. the product of 33 and j
18 x
4. 74 increased by 3 times y
18q
2m 6
33j
5. 15 decreased by twice a number
74 3y
6. 91 more than the square of a number
Answers
Evaluate each expression. Evaluate each expression. 9. 82 64 10. 34 81 12. 33 27 14. 24 16

9. 112 121 12. 45 1024 15. 105 100,000
10. 83 512 13. 93 729 16. 123 1728
11. 54 625 14. 64 1296 17. 1004 100,000,000
A3
Glencoe Algebra 1
11. 53 125 13. 102 100
(Lesson 1-1)
Write a verbal expression for each algebraic expression. 1825. Sample answers are given. 18. 23 f 19. 73
the product of 23 and f

20. 5m2
seven cubed
21. 4 d3 10
Write a verbal expression for each algebraic expression. 1926. Sample answers 19. 9a 20. 52
are given.
2 more than 5 times m squared

22. x3 y4 x cubed
k5 24. 6
4 times d cubed minus 10
the product of 9 and a

21. c 2d
5 squared
22. 4 5h
times y to the fourth power one sixth of the fifth power of k
23. b2 3c3
4n2 7
b squared minus 3 times c cubed one seventh of 4 times n squared
25.
the sum of c and twice d 2 times b squared
the difference of 4 and 5 times h 1 less than 7 times x cubed
23. 2b2
24. 7x3 1
26. BOOKS A used bookstore sells paperback fiction books in excellent condition for $2.50 and in fair condition for $0.50. Write an expression for the cost of buying e excellent-condition paperbacks and f fair-condition paperbacks. 2.50e 0.50f 27. GEOMETRY The surface area of the side of a right cylinder can be found by multiplying twice the number by the radius times the height. If a circular cylinder has radius r and height h, write an expression that represents the surface area of its side. 2rh
Chapter 1
25. p4 6q
p to the fourth power plus 6 times q
26. 3n2 x
3 times n squared minus x
Chapter 1
Glencoe Algebra 1
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
2. TECHNOLOGY There are 1024 bytes in a kilobyte. Write an expression that describes the number of bytes in a computer chip with n kilobytes. 1024 n or 1024n
b b
1. How many toothpicks does it take to create each figure?

b
3; 5; 7
Lesson 1-1
3; 4; 5
7 8 9 10
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-1
Word Problem Practice

BLOCKS For Exercises 57, use the
following information. A toy manufacturer produces a set of blocks that can be used by children to build play structures. The product packaging team is analyzing different arrangements for packaging their blocks. One idea they have is to arrange the blocks in the shape of a cube, with b blocks along one edge.
1-1
Enrichment
1. SOLAR SYSTEM It takes Earth about 365 days to orbit the sun. It takes Uranus about 85 times as long. Write a numerical expression to describe the number of days it takes Uranus to orbit the sun. 365 85
Toothpick Triangles
Variable expressions can be used to represent patterns and help solve problems. Consider the problem of creating triangles out of toothpicks shown below.
Answers
2. How many toothpicks does it take to make up the perimeter of each image?
3. THEATER Howard Hughes, Professor Emeritus of Texas Wesleyan College, reportedly attended a record 6136 theatrical shows. Write an expression to represent the average number of theater shows attended if he accumulated the record over y years. Use the expression to find the average number of shows Mr. Hughes attended per year if he went to the theater for 31 years.
5. Write an expression representing the total number of blocks packaged in a cube measuring b blocks on one edge.
A4
Glencoe Algebra 1
3. Sketch the next three figures in the pattern.
b3
(Lesson 1-1)
Figure 4
Figure 5
6136 or about 198 shows per year y
6. The packaging team decides to take one layer of blocks off the top of this package. Write an expression representing the number of blocks in the top layer of the package. b 2
Figure 6
4. Continue the pattern to complete the table.

Image Number Number of toothpicks Number of toothpicks in Perimeter 1 3 3 2 5 4 3 7 5 4 5 6
4. TIDES The difference between high and low tides along the Maine coast in November is 19 feet on Monday and x feet on Tuesday. Write an expression to show the average rise and fall of the tide 19 x for Monday and Tuesday.
9 6
11 7
13 8
15 9
17 10
19 11
21 12
7. The team finally decides that their favorite package arrangement is to take 2 layers of blocks off the top of a cube measuring b blocks along one edge. Write an expression representing the number of blocks left behind after the top two layers are removed. b 3 2b 2 or (b 2) b 2
5. Let the variable n represent the figure number. Write an expression that can be used to find the number of toothpicks needed to create figure n. 2n 1 6. Let the variable n represent the figure number. Write an expression that can be used to find the number of toothpicks in the perimeter of figure n. n 2
Chapter 1
10
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
11
Glencoe Algebra 1
2. What does evaluate powers mean? Use an example to explain.
Sample answer: To evaluate a power means to find the value of the power. To evaluate 43, find the value of 4 4 4.
Multiply left to right. Add 6 and 32.
38
Evaluate power in numerator. Add 3 and 8 in the numerator. Evaluate power in denominator. Multiply.
3. Read the order of operations on page 11 in your textbook. For each of the following expressions, write addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or evaluate powers to tell what operation to use first when evaluating the expression.
11 42 3 11 16 3
Lesson 1-2
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-2
Lesson Reading Guide

Order of Operations
1-2 1-2
Study Guide and Intervention

Order of Operations
Get Ready for the Lesson

Read the introduction to Lesson 1-2 in your textbook.
Numerical expressions often contain more than one operation. To evaluate them, use the rules for order of operations shown below.
Order of Operations Step Step Step Step 1 2 3 4 Evaluate expressions inside grouping symbols. Evaluate all powers. Do all multiplication and/or division from left to right. Do all addition and/or subtraction from left to right.
Evaluate Rational Expressions
4.95 represents the 0.99 represents the cost of each additional hour after 100 hours, and (117 100)
In the expression 4.95 0.99(117 100), regular monthly cost of internet service, represents the number of hours over 100 used by Nicole in a given month.
Example 1
Evaluate each expression.
Example 2
Read the Lesson

1. The first step in evaluating an expression is to evaluate inside grouping symbols. List four types of grouping symbols found in algebraic expressions.
parentheses, brackets, braces, and fraction bars
a. 7 2 4 4 7244784 15 4 11
Multiply 2 and 4. Add 7 and 8. Subtract 4 from 15.
b. 3(2) 4(2 6) 3(2) 4(2 6) 3(2) 4(8) 6 32
a. 3[2 (12 3)2] 3[2 (12 3)2] 3(2 42) 3(2 16) 3(18) 54 b. 2
3 23 4 3 38 3 23 42 3 42 3
Divide 12 by 3. Find 4 squared. Add 2 and 16. Multiply 3 and 18.
Answers
Add 2 and 6.
A5
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-2)
a. 400 5[12 9] addition b. 26 8 14 subtraction c. 17 3 6 multiplication d. 69 57 3 16 4 division e. multiplication f. evaluate powers 2

51 729 9 19 3 4 62
Exercises Evaluate each expression. 1. (8 4) 2 8 4. 10 8 1 18 7. 12(20 17) 3 6 18 2. (12 4) 6 96 5. 15 12 4 12 8. 24 3 2 32 7

4 32 12 1
11 48
3. 10 2 3 16 6. 3 9. 82 (2 8) 2 6 12. 6 15. 2 35 18. 3

82 22 (2 8) 4 4 32 3 2 8(2) 4 84 15 60 30 5
Remember What You Learned

4. The sentence Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (PEMDAS) is often used to remember the order of operations. The letter P represents parentheses and other grouping symbols. Write what each of the other letters in PEMDAS means when using the order of operations.
10. 32 3 22 7 20 5 27 11. 1 13. 250 [5(3 7 4)] 2 16. 1

4(52) 4 3 4(4 5 2)
14. 2 17.
52 3 1 20(3) 2(3) 3
2 42 82 (5 2) 2
Eexponents (powers), Mmultiply, Ddivide, Aadd, Ssubtract
Chapter 1
12
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
13
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Exercises Evaluate each expression if x 2, y 3, z 4, a , and b .

4 5 3 5
11. 14 7 5 32 1 13. 4[30 (10 2) 3] 24
12. 6 3 7 23 22 14. 5 [30 (6 1)2] 10 16. [8 2 (3 9)] [8 2 3] 6
1. x 7 9
2. 3x 5 1
3. x y2 11
Lesson 1-2
Glencoe Algebra 1
7. x2 4
10. (10x)2 100a 480
y2 9
8. 2xyz 5 53
9. x(2y 3z) 36
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-2

Order of Operations
(continued)
1-2 1-2
Skills Practice
Order of Operations
Evaluate Algebraic Expressions
Algebraic expressions may contain more than one operation. Algebraic expressions can be evaluated if the values of the variables are known. First, replace the variables with their values. Then use the order of operations to calculate the value of the resulting numerical expression.
Evaluate each expression. 1. (5 4) 7 63 3. 4 6 3 22 2. (9 2) 3 21 4. 28 5 4 8 6. (3 5) 5 1 41 8. 2 3 5 4 21 10. 10 2 6 4 26
Example x3 5( y 3)
Evaluate x3 5( y 3) if x 2 and y 12. 23 5(12 3) 8 5(12 3) 8 5(9) 8 45 53

Replace x with 2 and y with 12. Evaluate 23. Subtract 3 from 12. Multiply 5 and 9. Add 8 and 45.
5. 12 2 2 16 7. 9 4(3 1) 25 9. 30 5 4 2 12
Answers
The solution is 53.
A6
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-2)
4. x3 y z2 27
5. 6a 8b 9
3 5
6. 23 (a b) 21
3 5
15. 2[12 (5 2)2] 42
Evaluate each expression if x 6, y 8, and z 3. 17. xy z 51 19. 2x 3y z 33 21. 5z ( y x) 17 23. x2 y2 10z 70 25. 13
y xz 2
18. yz x 18 20. 2(x z) y 10 22. 5x ( y 2z) 16 24. z3 ( y2 4x) 67 26. 20

3y x2 z
3xy 4 11. 7x
21 12. a2 2b 1 25
( z y)2 1 x 2
13. 2 7 8
z2 y2 7 4 x
14. 6xz 5xy 78

5a2b 16
15.
16. 1
25ab y xz
17. 25 y
18. (z x)2 ax 5
3 5
19.
x z
y z
13 16
20.
6 xz y 2z 11
21. 1
x x z y y z
1 24
Chapter 1
14
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
15
19. 4a 2b
c2
2s 671; 8749 ft
20. (a2 4b) c 8
21. c2 (2b a) 96 23. 5

b2 2c2 25. acb 2c3 ab 4
22. 39
2(a b)2 9 24. 5c 10
bc2 a c
Lesson 1-2
CAR RENTAL For Exercises 26 and 27, use the following information.
Ann Carlyle is planning a business trip for which she needs to rent a car. The car rental company charges $36 per day plus $0.50 per mile over 100 miles. Suppose Ms. Carlyle rents the car for 5 days and drives 180 miles. 26. Write an expression for how much it will cost Ms. Carlyle to rent the car.
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-2
Practice
Order of Operations
1-2 1-2

Order of Operations
5. BIOLOGY Lavania is studying the growth of a population of fruit flies in her laboratory. She notices that the number of fruit flies in her experiment is five times as large after any six-day period. She observes 20 fruit flies on October 1. Write and evaluate an expression to predict the population of fruit flies Lavania will observe on October 31. 20 55; 62,500 flies
Evaluate each expression. 1. (15 5) 2 20 4. 12 5 6 2 5 7. 4(3 5) 5 4 12 10. 3[10 (27 9)] 21 13. 1
52 4 5 4 2 5(4)
2. 9 (3 4) 63 5. 7 9 4(6 7) 11 8. 22 11 9 32 9 11. 2[52 (36 6)] 62 14. 26 2

(2 5)2 4 3 5
3. 5 7 4 33 6. 8 (2 2) 7 14 9. 62 3 7 9 48 12. 162 [6(7 4)2] 3 15. 2

7 32 1 4 2 2
1. SCHOOLS Jefferson High School has 100 less than 5 times as many students as Taft High School. Write and evaluate an expression to find the number of students at Jefferson High School if Taft High School has 300 students.
5t 100; 1400 students
Evaluate each expression if a 12, b 9, and c 4. 16. a2 b c2 137 18. 2c(a b) 168 17. b2 2a c2 89
50
2. GEOGRAPHY Guadalupe Peak in Texas has an altitude that is 671 feet more than double the altitude of Mount Sunflower in Kansas. Write and evaluate an expression for the altitude of Guadalupe Peak if Mount Sunflower has an altitude of 4039 feet.
Answers
CONSUMER SPENDING For Exercises

68, use the following information. During a long weekend, Devon paid a total of x dollars for a rental car so he could visit his family. He rented the car for 4 days at a rate of $36 per day. There was an additional charge of $0.20 per mile after the first 200 miles driven. 6. Write an algebraic expression to represent the amount Devon paid for additional mileage only. x (36 4)
A7
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-2)
7
3. TRANSPORTATION The Plaid Taxi Cab Company charges $1.75 per passenger plus $3.45 per mile for trips less than 10 miles. Write and evaluate an expression to find the cost for Max to take a Plaid taxi 8 miles to the airport.
$1.75 $3.45m; $29.35
5(36) 0.5(180 100)

27. Evaluate the expression to determine how much Ms. Carlyle must pay the car rental company. $220.00
GEOMETRY For Exercises 28 and 29, use the following information.

The length of a rectangle is 3n 2 and its width is n 1. The perimeter of the rectangle is twice the sum of its length and its width. 28. Write an expression that represents the perimeter of the rectangle.
4. GEOMETRY The area of a circle is related to the radius of the circle such that the product of the square of the radius and a number gives the area. Write and evaluate an expression for the area of a circular pizza below. Approximate as 3.14.
7. Write an algebraic expression to represent the number of miles over 200 miles that Devon drove the rented car.
x (36 4) 0.20
r 2; 153.86 in2
8. How many miles did Devon drive overall if he paid a total of $174 for the car rental? 350 mi
7 in.
2[(3n 2) (n 1)]
29. Find the perimeter of the rectangle when n 4 inches. 34 in.
Chapter 1
16
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
17
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
5 6
(4 2) (3 1) 4312 3(4 1) 2 4321 4 2 (3 1) 4321
22
21 (4 3) (2 4) (3 1)
39 40 41 42
42 (3 1) 41 (3 2) 43 (2 1) 43 (2 1) 43 (2 1) 43 (2 1) 43 (2 1) 31 42 4 (3 1)
2
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
23 31 (4 2) 24 25 (2 3) (4 1) 24 (3 1) 26 27 28 29
Example 2
Evaluate xy if x 4 and y 12.
4y 5x
7 8 9 10
43 42 13 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Evaluate the expression and display the answer as a fraction. ALPHA [:] 12 STO ALPHA [Y] ALPHA [:] Keystrokes: 4 STO ( 4 ALPHA [Y] ) ) ALPHA [Y] ( 5 MATH 1 ENTER . Exercises Evaluate each expression if a = 4, b = 6, x = 8, and y = 12. For Exercises 4-6, express answers as fractions. 1. bx ay b
Lesson 1-2
2
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-2
Enrichment
1-2 1-2
Graphing Calculator Activity

Using The
STO
Key
The Four Digits Problem

One well-known mathematic problem is to write expressions for consecutive numbers beginning with 1. On this page, you will use the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each digit is used only once. You may use addition, subtraction, multiplication (not division), exponents, and parentheses in any way you wish. Also, you can use two digits to make one number, such as 12 or 34.
When evaluating algebraic expressions, it is sometimes helpful to use the store key STO on the calculator, especially to check solutions.
Answers will vary. Sample answers are given. (2 3) (4 1) 21 (4 3) (4 3) (2 1)

35 2(4 +1) 3 36 37 38
Express each number as a combination of the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4. 1 (3 1) (4 2) 2 3 4 18
Example 1 Evaluate a2 4a 6 if a 8. Store 8 as the value for a. Keystrokes: 8 STO ALPHA [A] ENTER Enter the expression and press ENTER to evaluate. Keystrokes: ALPHA [A] x 2 4 ALPHA [A] + 6 ENTER You can also use a colon, which is the ALPHA function above the decimal key, to chain commands together. This process is called concatenation. Using the colon in Example 1, the keystrokes become 8 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] ALPHA [A] x 2 4 ALPHA [A] + 6 ENTER .
(4 3) (2 1) (4 3) (2 1) (4 2) (3 1)
19 3(2 4) 1 20 21
34 (2 1) 31 2 4 42 (3 1)
Answers
A8
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-2)
3 (4 1)
2
11 (4 3) (2 1) 12 (4 3) (2 1) 13 (4 3) (2 1) 14 (4 3) (2 1) 15 16 17
21 3 4 2(4 +1) 3
30 (2 3) (4 1) 34 (2 1) 31 32 33 34
40
2. a[ x (y a)2]
68
3. a3 (y b)2 x2
92
3
2(3 4) 1 (4 2) (3 1) 3(2 4) 1
42 (3 1) 21 (3 4) 2 (14 3)
41 23 41 32
b 4. 2 2 x b
a2
2a(x b) 5. xy 9b
b 3 a b 5b 6.
[ (
11 14
2 3
22 7
y a(x 1)
Does a calculator help in solving these types of puzzles? Give reasons for your opinion.
Answers will vary. Using a calculator is a good way to check your solutions.
Chapter 1
18
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
19
Glencoe Algebra 1
a. Describe how you would find the solutions of the equation.
Replace n with each member of the replacement set. The members of the replacement set that make the equation true are the solutions.
b. Describe how you would find the solutions of the inequality.
Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are X , , 1, 2, 3 4 2 and Y {2, 4, 6, 8}. 1. x {2} 4. x2 1 8 {3} 7. 2(x 3) 7
1 2 5 2
2. x 8 11 {3} 5. y2 2 34 {6} 8. ( y 1)2 {2}

1 4 9 4
3. y 2 6 {8} 6. x2 5 5
1 16
Replace n with each member of the replacement set. The members of the replacement set that make the inequality true are the solutions.
c. Explain how the solution set for the equation is different from the solution set for the inequality.
1 4
1 2
9. y2 y 20 {4}
The solution set for the equation contains only one number, 3. The solution set for the inequality contains the four numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Solve each equation. 10. a 23 1 7 13. k 16. 18.4 3.2 m 15.2

1 4 5 8
11. n 62 42 20 14. p 3 17. k 9.8 5.7 15.5

18 3 23
12. w 62 32 324 15. s 3 18. c 3 2 5

1 2 1 4 15 6 27 24

4. Look up the word solution in a dictionary. What is one meaning that relates to the way we use the word in algebra?
7 8
Sample answer: answer to a problem

20
3 4
Chapter 1
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
21
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Lesson 1-3
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-3

Open Sentences
1-3 1-3

Open Sentences

Read the introduction to Lesson 1-3 in your textbook. How is the open sentence different from the expression 15.50 5n?
Solve Equations
The open sentence has two expressions joined by the symbol.
A mathematical sentence with one or more variables is called an open sentence. Open sentences are solved by finding replacements for the variables that result in true sentences. The set of numbers from which replacements for a variable may be chosen is called the replacement set. The set of all replacements for the variable that result in true statements is called the solution set for the variable. A sentence that contains an equal sign, , is called an equation. Example 1 Find the solution set of 3a 12 39 if the replacement set is {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Example 2 Solve b.
2(3 1) 3(7 4)
Read the Lesson

1. How can you tell whether a mathematical sentence is or is not an open sentence?
An open sentence must contain one or more variables.
2. How would you read each inequality symbol in words?

Inequality Symbol Words
Replace a in 3a 12 39 with each value in the replacement set. 3(6) 12 39 30 3(7) 12 39 33 3(8) 12 39 36 3(9) 12 39 39 3(10) 12 39 42 39 39 39 39 39
false false false true false
2(3 1) b Original equation 3(7 4) 2(4) b Add in the numerator; subtract in the denominator. 3(3) 8 b Simplify. 9
Answers
is less than is greater than is less than or equal to is greater than or equal to
The solution is .
8 9
Since a 9 makes the equation 3a 12 39 true, the solution is 9. The solution set is {9}. Exercises
A9
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-3)
3. Consider the equation 3n 6 15 and the inequality 3n 6 15. Suppose the replacement set is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3
7. 3x 4 5
8. 3(8 x) 1 6
9. 4(x 3) 20
13. a 1
2(4) 4 3(3 1)
{4, 5, 6, 7}
{7}
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
46 15 3 28
14. c 4
6(7 2) 3(8) 6
6 18 31 25
Find the solution set for each inequality if the replacement sets are X , , 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and Y {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. 10. x 3 5
15. b 2
16. n 1
1 4
1 2
{3, 5, 8}
x 2
11. y 3 6 14. 2
y 4
{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
12. 8y 3 51
Find the solution set for each inequality using the given replacement set. 17. a 7 13; {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {3, 4, 5} 19. x 2 2; {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {2, 3, 4} 21. 4b 1 12; {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15} 18. 9 y 17; {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} {7} 20. 2x 12; {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10} {8, 10} 22. 2c 5 11; {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} {8}
{6, 8, 10}
2y 5
13. 4
15. 2
1 , , 1, 2, 3, 5 1 4 2
16. 4x 1 4
{8, 10}
17. 3x 3 12
{2, 4}
18. 2( y 1) 18
{1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
{3, 5, 8}
{8, 10}
1 19. 3x 2 4
20. 3y 2 8
1 1 , 4 2
1 21. (6 2x) 2 3 2
{3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

y 2
{2}
22
{2, 3, 5, 8}
Glencoe Algebra 1
23. 5; {4, 6, 8, 10, 12} {10, 12}

Chapter 1
24. 2; {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} {7, 8}
x 3
Chapter 1
23
Glencoe Algebra 1
Lesson 1-3
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-3

Open Sentences
(continued)
1-3 1-3
Skills Practice
Open Sentences
Solve Inequalities An open sentence that contains the symbol , , , or is called an inequality. Inequalities can be solved the same way that equations are solved.
Example Find the solution set for 3a 8 10 if the replacement set is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. 4 7 10 13 16 10 10 10 10 10
false false false true true
Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are A {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and B {9, 10, 11, 12, 13}. 1. 5a 9 26 7 3. 7a 21 56 5 5. 4b 12 28 10 2. 4a 8 16 6 4. 3b 15 48 11 6. 3 0 12
36 b
Replace a in 3a 8 10 with each value in the replacement set. 3(4) 3(5) 3(6) 3(7) 3(8) 8 8 8 8 8 10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10
?
Since replacing a with 7 or 8 makes the inequality 3a 8 10 true, the solution set is {7, 8}. Exercises Find the solution set for each inequality if the replacement set is X {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. 1. x 2 4 2. x 3 6 3. 3x 18
Find the solution of each equation using the given replacement set. 7. x ; , , 1,
1 2 5 4
Answers
1 2
5 6
3 4
5 4
3 4
8. x ; , , ,
2 3
13 9
4 9
5 2 7 9 3 9
7 9
9. (x 2) ; , , ,
1 4
2 3
3 5 4 4 4 3
4 3
10. 0.8(x 5) 5.2; {1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5} 1.5
A10
Glencoe Algebra 1
{3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
x 4. 1 3
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
x 5. 2 5
{7}
3x 6. 2 8
Solve each equation. 11. 10.4 6.8 x 3.6 12. y 20.1 11.9 8.2
(Lesson 1-3)
{4, 5, 6, 7}
no numbers
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
4. 7b 8 16.5 3.5
5. 120 28a 78
3 2
6. 9 16 4
28 b
873946 Alg1 CH01 EP3
19. 4x 2 5; {0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5}
20. 4b 4 3; {1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0}
{0.5, 1, 1.5}
3y 21. 2; {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10} 5
{1.8, 2.0}
1 1 3 1 5 3 22. 4a 3; , , , , , 8 4 8 2 8 4
Cholesterol 30mg
10 %
{0, 2}
3 4
Write and solve an inequality to determine how many servings of this item that Alisa can have for lunch if she is restricted no more than 45 grams of cholesterol.
40 (45) m; 720 mi 2.50
23. TEACHING A teacher has 15 weeks in which to teach six chapters. Write and then solve an equation that represents the number of lessons the teacher must teach per week if 6(8.5) there is an average of 8.5 lessons per chapter.
45 c ; 1.5 servings or less 30
; 3.4 15
LONG DISTANCE For Exercises 24 and 25, use the following information.
Gabriel talks an average of 20 minutes per long-distance call. During one month, he makes eight in-state long-distance calls averaging $2.00 each. A 20-minute state-to-state call costs Gabriel $1.50. His long-distance budget for the month is $20.
3. CRAFTS You need at least 30 yards of yarn to crochet a small scarf. Cheryl bought a 100-yard ball of yarn and has already used 10 yards. Write and solve an inequality to find how many scarves she can crochet. 100 10 30s;
6. Write and solve an equation to find the cost of gasoline per mile for this hybrid car. Round to the nearest cent.
3 scarves
2.50 c; 6 per mi 45
24. Write an inequality that represents the number of 20 minute state-to-state calls Gabriel can make this month. 8(2) 1.5s 20 25. What is the maximum number of 20-minute state-to-state calls that Gabriel can make this month? 2
Chapter 1
24
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
25
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Lesson 1-3
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-3
Practice
Open Sentences
1-3 1-3

Open Sentences
4. POOLS There are approximately 202 gallons per cubic yard of water. Write and solve an equation for the number of gallons of water that fill a pool with a volume of 1161 cubic feet. (Hint: There are 27 cubic feet per cubic yard.)
1 3 Find the solution of each equation if the replacement sets are A 0, , 1, , 2 2 2
and B {3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5}. 1. a 1

1 2
1 2
2. 4b 8 6 3.5
3. 6a 18 27
3 2
Find the solution of each equation using the given replacement set. 7. x ; , , , , 9. 1.4(x 3) 5.32; {0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2}
7 8 17 12
1 2
13 7 5 2 24 12 8 3
13 24
8. (x 2) ; , 1, 1 , 2, 2 2 10. 12(x 4) 76.8 ; {2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6} 2.4
3 4
27 8
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1. TIME There are 6 time zones in the United States. The eastern part of the U.S., including New York City, is in the Eastern Time Zone. The central part of the U.S., including Dallas, is in the Central Time Zone, which is one hour behind Eastern Time. San Diego is in the Pacific Time Zone, which is 3 hours behind Eastern Time. Write and solve an equation to determine what time it is in California if it is noon in New York.
g gal in pool
1161 g 202 ; 8686 gal 27
12 c 3; 9:00 AM
VEHICLES For Exercises 5 and 6, use the

following information. Recently developed hybrid cars contain both an electric and a gasoline engine. Hybrid car batteries store extra energy, such as the energy produced by braking. Since the car can use this stored energy to power the car, the hybrid uses less gasoline per mile than cars powered only by gasoline. Suppose a new hybrid car is rated to drive 45 miles per gallon of gasoline. 5. It costs $40 to fill the gasoline tank with gas that costs $2.50 per gallon. Write and solve an equation to find the distance the hybrid car can go using one tank of gas.
0.8
Solve each equation. 11. x 18.3 4.8 13.5 14. k 4

97 25 41 23
2. FOOD Part of the Nutrition Facts label from a box of macaroni and cheese is shown below.
Answers
12. w 20.2 8.95 11.25 15. y 3

4(22 4) 3(6) 6
13. d 4 16. p 2 3
5(22) 4(3) 4(2 4)
37 9 18 11
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size 1 cup (228g) Servings Per Container 2
Amount Per Serving
A11
Glencoe Algebra 1
Find the solution set for each inequality using the given replacement set. 17. a 7 10; {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 18. 3y 42; {10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
Calories 250 Total Fat 12g Saturated Fat 3g Trans Fat 3g
Calories from Fat 110 % Daily Value * 18 % 15 %
(Lesson 1-3)
{2}
{14, 16, 18}
6. It is the name of a month that contains the letter r.
{Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec}

7. During the 1990s, she was the wife of a U.S. President.
The solution set contains the values for which the open sentence is true. The solution set is {7, 8, 9, 10}.
Sheet 1
Sheet 2
Sheet 3
{Barbara Bush, Hillary Clinton}

8. It is an even number between 1 and 13. {2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12} 9. 31 72 k {41} 10. It is the square of 2, 3, or 4.{4, 9, 16} Write an open sentence for each solution set. 11. {A, E, I, O, U} It is a vowel.
Exercises Use a spreadsheet to find the solution of each equation or inequality using the given replacement set. 1. x 7.5 18.3; {8.8, 9.8, 10.8, 11.8}
{10.8} {4}
2. 6(x + 2) 18; {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
{1}
3. 4x 1 17; {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 5. 2.7x 18; {6.1, 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9}
4. 4.9 x 2.2; {2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0}
{2.6, 2.7}
12. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} It is an odd number between 0 and 10. 13. {June, July, August} It is a summer month. 14. {Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic} It is an ocean.
Chapter 1
{6.7, 6.9}
6. 12x 8 22; {2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6}
{2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6}
26
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
27
Glencoe Algebra 1
Lesson 1-3
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-3
Enrichment
1-3 1-3
Spreadsheet Activity
Solving Open Sentences
Solution Sets
Consider the following open sentence. It is the name of a month between March and July. You know that a replacement for the variable It must be found in order to determine if the sentence is true or false. If It is replaced by either April, May, or June, the sentence is true. The set {April, May, June} is called the solution set of the open sentence given above. This set includes all replacements for the variable that make the sentence true. Write the solution set for each open sentence. 1. It is the name of a state beginning with the letter A.
A spreadsheet is a tool for working with and analyzing numerical data. The data is entered into a table in which each row is numbered and each column is labeled by a letter. You can use a spreadsheet to find solutions of open sentences. Example Use a spreadsheet to find the solution set for 4(x 3) 31 if the replacement set is {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}. You can solve the open sentence by replacing x with each value in the replacement set. Step 1 Use the first column of the spreadsheet for the replacement set. Enter the numbers using the formula bar. Click on a cell of the spreadsheet, type the number and press ENTER. Step 2 The second column contains the formula for the left side of the open sentence. To enter a formula, enter an equals sign followed by the formula. Use the name of the cell containing each replacement value to evaluate the formula for that value. For example, in cell B2, the formula contains A2 in place of x. Step 3 The third column determines whether the open sentence is true or false for the value in the replacement set. These formulas will return TRUE or FALSE.
A
7 8 9 10 11 12
{Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas}

2. It is a primary color.
{red, yellow, blue}

3. Its capital is Harrisburg. {Pennsylvania} 4. It is a New England state. {Maine, New Hampshire, 5. x 4 10 {6}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4(x - 3) =4*(A2-3) =4*(A3-3) =4*(A4-3) =4*(A5-3) =4*(A6-3) =4*(A7-3)

Sheet 2
4(x - 3) < 31 =B2<31 =B3<31 =B4<31 =B5<31 =B6<31 =B7<31

Sheet 3
Answers
Sheet 1
A12
Glencoe Algebra 1
Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A
7 8 9 10 11 12
4(x - 3)
B
16 20 24 28 32 36
4(x - 3) < 31 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE
(Lesson 1-3)
f. Symmetric Property
IV VI VII
VI. If 2 4 5 1 and 5 1 6, then 2 4 6. VII. If n 2, then 5n 5 2. VIII. 4 0 0
Add. Identity; 0
7. If 4 5 9, then 9 4 5.
3 Add. Identity; 8
8. 0 21 21
4 Mult. Inverse; 3

2. The prefix trans- means across or through. Explain how this can help you remember the meaning of the Transitive Property of Equality.
Name the property used in each equation.
Sample answer: The Transitive Property of Equality tells you that when a b and b c, you can go from a through b to get to c.
Symmetric Property
Add. Identity
9. 0(15) 0 Mult. Prop. of Zero
10. (1)94 94 Mult. Identity
11. If 3 3 6 and 6 3 2, then 3 3 3 2. Transitive Property 12. 4 3 4 3 13. (14 6) 3 8 3
Reflexive Property
Chapter 1
Substitution Property
29
Glencoe Algebra 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
Answers
Lesson 1-4
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-4

Identity and Equality Properties
1-4 1-4


Read the introduction to Lesson 1-4 in your textbook. Write an open sentence to represent the change in rank r of Auburn from week 6 to week 7. Explain why the solution is the same as the solution in the introduction.
The identity and equality properties in the chart below can help you solve algebraic equations and evaluate mathematical expressions.
Additive Identity Multiplicative Identity Multiplicative Property of 0 Multiplicative Inverse Property Reflexive Property Symmetric Property Transitive Property Substitution Property For any number a, a 0 a. For any number a, a 1 a. For any number a, a 0 0.
a For every number , a, b b b a b 0, there is exactly one number such that 1. a b a
2 r 2; Sample answer: The rank did not change for either team from week 6 to week 7.
For any number a, a a. For any numbers a and b, if a b, then b a. For any numbers a, b, and c, if a b and b c, then a c. If a b, then a may be replaced by b in any expression.
Read the Lesson

1. Write the Roman numeral of the sentence that best matches each term. a. additive identity
Answers
V III VIII I
I. 1 II. 18 18 III. 3 1 3 IV. If 12 8 4, then 8 4 12. V. 6 0 6

5 7
7 5
Example 1 Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n. a. 8n 8 Multiplicative Identity Property n 1, since 8 1 8 b. n 3 1 Multiplicative Inverse Property n , since 3 1 Exercises
1 3 1 3
Example 2 Name the property used to justify each statement. a 5454 Reflexive Property b. If n 12, then 4n 4 12. Substitution Property
b. multiplicative identity
A13
Glencoe Algebra 1
c. Multiplicative Property of Zero d. Multiplicative Inverse Property e. Reflexive Property
(Lesson 1-4)
II
Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n. 1. 6n 6
g. Transitive Property h. Substitution Property
Mult. Identity; 1
2. n 1 8
Mult. Identity; 8
3. 6 n 6 9 6. n 1
3 4
Substitution Property; 9
4. 9 n 9
3 5. n 0 8
21 1
Mult. Inverse Substitution 13 Subst. Substitution Substitution Substitution Additive Identity
18 6 0 12 0 12
6. 3(5 5 12) 21 7
Mult. Prop. Zero Substitution Add. Identity
5. 10 5 22 2 13
10 5 4 2 2 4 2 13 2 2 13 0 13 13
3(5 5 1) 21 7 Subst. 3(5 5) 21 7 Mult. Identity 3(0) 21 7 Substitution 0 21 7 Mult. Prop. Zero 03 Substitution 3 Additive Identity
19. 6 9[10 2(2 3)]
20. 2(6 3 1)
6 9[10 2(5)] Substitution 6 9(10 10) Substitution 6 9(0) Substitution 60 Mult. Prop. of Zero 6 Additive Identity
31
1 2(2 1) Substitution 1 2(1) 1 2 2 2 2
1 2
Substitution Multiplicative Identity Multiplicative Inverse

Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
30
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
Lesson 1-4
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-4

(continued)
1-4 1-4
Skills Practice
Use Identity and Equality Properties The properties of identity and equality can be used to justify each step when evaluating an expression.
Example Evaluate 24 1 8 5(9 3 3). Name the property used in each step. 1 8 5(3 3) 1 8 5(0) 8 5(0) 80 0
Substitution; 9 3 3 Substitution; 3 3 0 Multiplicative Identity; 24 1 24 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 5(0) 0 Substitution; 24 8 16 Additive Identity; 16 0 16
Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n. 1. n 0 19 2. 1 n 8
Additive Identity; 19
3. 28 n 0
Multiplicative Identity; 8
4. 0 n 22
24 1 8 5(9 3 3) 24 24 24 24 16 16 Exercises
Multiplicative Prop. of Zero; 0

5. n 1
6. n 9 9
Multiplicative Inverse; 4
7. 5 n 5
1 4
8. 2 n 2 3
Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step.

1 1 2 1. 2 4 2
9. 2(9 3) 2(n)
Reflexive Prop.; 3
10. (7 3) 4 n 4
Answers
1 1 2 4 4 1 2 2
2. 15 1 9 2(15 3 5)
Substitution Substitution Mult. Inverse
15 1 9 2(5 5) Substitution 15 1 9 2(0) Substitution 15 1 9 0 Mult. Prop. Zero 15 9 0 Mult. Identity 60 Substitution 6 Substitution
Substitution Prop.; 6
11. 5 4 n 4
12. n 14 0
Reflexive Prop.; 5
13. 3n 1

14. 11 (18 2) 11 n
A14
Glencoe Algebra 1
1 Multiplicative Inverse; 3
(Lesson 1-4)
3. 2(3 5 1 14) 4
1 2(151 14) 4 Subst. 1 2(15 14) 4 Mult. Identity 1 2(1) 4 1 24 4 4 4
1 4
4. 18 1 3 2 2(6 3 2)
Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step. 15. 7(16 42) 16. 2[5 (15 3)]
18 1 3 2 2(2 2) Subst. 18 1 3 2 2(0) Substitution 18 3 2 2(0) 18 6 2(0) Mult. Identity Substitution
Substitution Mult. Identity
7(16 16) Substitution 7(1) Substitution 7 Multiplicative Identity

17. 4 3[7 (2 3)]
2(5 5) Substitution 2(0) Substitution 0 Mult. Prop. of Zero 4(8 8) 1 Substitution 4(0) 1 Substitution 01 Mult. Prop. of Zero 1 Additive Identity
18. 4[8 (4 2)] 1
4 3(7 6) Substitution 4 3(1) Substitution 4 3 Multiplicative Identity 1 Substitution
GARDENING For Exercises 11 and 12, use the following information.

Mr. Katz harvested 15 tomatoes from each of four plants. Two other plants produced four tomatoes each, but Mr. Katz only harvested one fourth of the tomatoes from each of these.
$0.39 $0.39 0; Additive Inverse
1 11. Write an expression for the total number of tomatoes harvested. 4(15) 2 4 4
12. Evaluate the expression. Name the property used in each step.
1 1 4(15) 2 4 60 2 4 4 4
Substitution Multiplicative Inverse Multiplicative identity Substitution

32
Glencoe Algebra 1
60 2(1) 60 2 62
3. CAPACITY Use the substitution and transitive properties to find how many 1-cup servings there are in 1 gallon of sports drink. 16 c
6. Gordon travels from home to work and back each day. He lives at Exit 15 on the toll road and works at Exit 22. Write and evaluate an expression to find his daily toll cost. What property or properties did you use? t 2 ($0.50 $0.75);
t $2.50; Substitution
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
33
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Lesson 1-4
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-4
Practice
1-4 1-4

4. PARTY PLANNING Chase is planning a dinner party for 18 guests. He needs to have the same number of place settings as guests, and the same number of water glasses as place settings. What property must be used to determine the number of water glasses he needs for the party? Explain. The Transitive Property;
Name the property used in each equation. Then find the value of n. 1. n 9 9 2. (8 7)(4) n(4)
3. 5n 1
4. n 0.5 0.1 0.5
1. EXERCISE Annika goes on a walk every day in order to get the exercise her doctor recommends. If she walks at a 1 rate of 3 miles per hour for of an hour,
3
5. 49n 0
1 Multiplicative Inverse; 5
Reflexive Prop.; 0.1

6. 12 12 n
1 4
1 mi; Multiplicative Inverse
then she will have walked 3 miles. 3 Evaluate the expression and name the property used.
if guests settings and settings glasses, then guests glasses.
Evaluate each expression. Name the property used in each step. 7. 2 6(9 32) 2 8. 5(14 39 3) 4 2. MAIL The chart below shows the cost of mailing letters of various weight through the United States Postal Service.
USPS First Class Mail: Standard Letter Rates Weight (ounces) 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
TOLL ROADS For Exercises 5 and 6, use

the following information. Some toll highways assess tolls based on where a car entered and exited. The table below shows the highway tolls for a car entering and exiting at a variety of exits. Assume that the toll for the reverse direction is the same.
Entered Exit 5 Exit 8 Exit 10 Exit 15 Exit 18 Exited Exit 8 Exit 10 Exit 15 Exit 18 Exit 22 Toll $0.50 $0.25 $1.00 $0.50 $0.75
Answers
2 6(9 9) 2 6(0) 2 202 22 0
2 Substitution Substitution Mult. Prop. of Zero Additive Identity Substitution
51 6
1 5(14 13) 4 Substitution 4 1 5(1) 4 Substitution 4 1 5 4 Multiplicative Identity 4
Cost $0.39 $0.39 $0.39 $0.39 $0.60 $0.60 $0.60
Multiplicative Inverse Substitution
A15
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-4)
SALES For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information.

Althea paid $5.00 each for two bracelets and later sold each for $15.00. She paid $8.00 each for three bracelets and sold each of them for $9.00. 9. Write an expression that represents the profit Althea made. 2(15 5) 3(9 8) 10. Evaluate the expression. Name the property used in each step.
1.25 1.5 1.75
Source: www.usps.gov
2(15 5) 3(9 8) 2(10) 3(1) 20 3(1) 20 3 23
Substitution Substitution Multiplicative Identity Substitution
Write an equation that represents the difference between the cost of mailing a 0.5 ounce and a 1.0 ounce letter. Name the property illustrated.
5. Running an errand, Julio travels from Exit 8 to Exit 5. What property would you use to determine the toll?
Symmetric Property of Equality
Tell whether the set of whole numbers is closed under each operation. Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 13. multiplication: a b yes 15. exponentation: ab yes
Chapter 1
14. division: a b no; 4 3 is not a 16. squaring the sum: (a b)2 yes
whole number
Sample answer: When you add 0 (the additive identity) to a number, the result is the very same number you started with. The same is true if you multiply the number by 1 (the multiplicative identity).
34
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
35
Glencoe Algebra 1
Lesson 1-5
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-4
Closure
Enrichment
1-5 1-5

The Distributive Property

Read the introduction to Lesson 1-5 in your textbook. How would you find the amount spent by each of the first eight customers at Instant Replay Video Games on Saturday?
A binary operation matches two numbers in a set to just one number. Addition is a binary operation on the set of whole numbers. It matches two numbers such as 4 and 5 to a single number, their sum. If the result of a binary operation is always a member of the original set, the set is said to be closed under the operation. For example, the set of whole numbers is closed under addition because 4 5 is a whole number. The set of whole numbers is not closed under subtraction because 4 5 is not a whole number.
Add $14.95 and $34.95.
Read the Lesson

1. Explain how the Distributive Property could be used to rewrite 3(1 5).
Answers
Tell whether each operation is binary. Write yes or no. 1. the operation
Find the sum of 3 times 1 and 3 times 5.
, where a b means to choose the lesser number from a and b yes

2. Explain how the Distributive Property can be used to rewrite 5(6 4).
2. the operation , where a b means to cube the sum of a and b yes 3. the operation sq, where sq (a) means to square the number a no
Write the difference of 5 times 6 and 5 times 4, that is 5 6 5 4.
(Lessons 1-4 and 1-5)
4. the operation exp, where exp (a, b) means to find the value of ab yes 5. the operation , where a b means to match a and b to any number greater than either number no
3. Write three examples of each type of term. Sample answers are given.
Term number variable product of a number and a variable quotient of a number and variable Example
A16
Glencoe Algebra 1
3, 17, 0.25 w, t 2, x 4y, 0.78z, r

x 2s 6 , , 3 7 5t 1 8
6. the operation , where a b means to round the product of a and b up to the nearest 10 yes
Tell whether each set is closed under addition. Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 7. even numbers yes 9. multiples of 3 yes 11. prime numbers no; 3 5 8 8. odd numbers no; 3 7 10 10. multiples of 5 yes 12. nonprime numbers no; 22 9 31
4. Tell how you can use the Distributive Property to write 12m 8m in simplest form. Use the word coefficient in your explanation.
Sample answer: Add the coefficients of the two terms and multiply by m.

5. How can the everyday meaning of the word identity help you to understand and remember what the additive identity is and what the multiplicative identity is?
6x 4y 2z
16. (16x 12y 4z)
1 4
xy 2y
17. (2 3x x2)3
6a 4b 2c
18. 2(2x2 3x 1) 16. 4x (16x 20y)
1 4
17. 2 1 6x x2
18. 4x2 3x2 2x
4x 3y z
Chapter 1
6 9x 3x2
36
4x2 6x 2
Glencoe Algebra 1
8x 5y
Chapter 1
1 6x x2
37
7x2 2x
Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Lesson 1-5
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-5
expressions.

The Distributive Property can be used to help evaluate
1-5 1-5

(continued)
Evaluate Expressions
Distributive Property
For any numbers a, b, and c, a (b c) ab ac and (b c)a ba ca and a (b c) ab ac and (b c)a ba ca.
A term is a number, a variable, or a product or quotient of numbers and variables. Like terms are terms that contain the same variables, with corresponding variables having the same powers. The Distributive Property and properties of equalities can be used to simplify expressions. An expression is in simplest form if it is replaced by an equivalent expression with no like terms or parentheses.
Simplify Expressions
Example 1
Rewrite 6(8 10) using the Distributive Property. Then evaluate.

Distributive Property Multiply. Add.
Example
Simplify 4(a2 3ab) ab. 4(a2 3ab) 1ab 4a2 12ab 1ab 4a2 (12 1)ab 4a2 11ab
Multiplicative Identity Distributive Property Distributive Property Substitution
6(8 10) 6 8 6 10 48 60 108
4(a2 3ab) ab
Answers
Example 2
Rewrite 2(3x2 5x 1) using the Distributive Property. Then simplify.

Distributive Property Multiply. Simplify.
2(3x2 5x 1) 2(3x2) (2)(5x) (2)(1) 6x2 (10x) (2) 6x2 10x 2
Exercises Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified. 1. 12a a 2. 3x 6x 3. 3x 1
A17
Glencoe Algebra 1
11a
Exercises Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. 1. 2(10 5) 10 2. 6(12 t) 72 6t 3. 3(x 1) 3x 3 4. 12g 10g 1
9x
5. 2x 12
simplified
6. 4x2 3x 7
(Lesson 1-5)
2g 1
7. 20a 12a 8
simplified
8. 3x2 2x2
simplified
9. 6x 3x2 10x2
4. 6(12 5) 102
5. (x 4)3 3x 12
6. 2(x 3) 2x 6
32a 8
10. 2p q
1 2
5x 2
11. 10xy 4(xy xy)
6x 13x2
12. 21c 18c 31b 3b
7. 5(4x 9) 20x 45
8. 3(8 2x) 24 6x
9. 12 6 x 72 6x
1 2
simplified
13. 3x 2x 2y 2y
2xy
14. xy 2xy
39c 28b
15. 12a 12b 12c
10. 12 2 x 24 6x
1 2
11. (12 4t) 3 t
1 4
12. 3(2x y) 6x 3y
13. 2(3x 2y z)
14. (x 2)y
15. 2(3a 2b c)
xy
simplified
23. 3y2 2y simplified 25. 4(2b b) 4b

Chapter 1
24. 2(n 2n) 6n 26. 3q2 q q2 2q2 q
27. Write an expression that could be used to determine the total number of incoming freshmen who attended the orientation. 3(110 160) 28. What was the attendance for all three days of orientation? 810
Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 1
38
39
Glencoe Algebra 1
Lesson 1-5
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-5
Skills Practice
1-5 1-5
Practice
Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. 1. 4(3 5) 4 3 4 5; 32 3. 5(7 4) 5 7 5 4; 15 5. (a 7)2 a 2 7 2; 2a 14 7. 3(m n) 3 m 3 n; 3m 3n 2. 2(6 10) 2 6 2 10; 32 4. (6 2)8 6 8 2 8; 32 6. 7(h 10) 7 h 7 10; 7h 70 8. (x y)6 x 6 y 6; 6x 6y
Rewrite each expression using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. 1. 9(7 8)
9 7 9 8; 135
2. 7(6 4)
7 6 7 4; 14
3. 6(b 4)
6 b 6 4; 6b 24
4. (9 p)3
5. (5y 3)7
6. 15 f
1 3
9 3 p 3; 27 3p
7. 16(3b 0.25)
5y 7 3 7; 35y 21
8. m(n 4)
15 f 15 ; 3 15f 5
9. (c 4) d
16 3b 16 0.25; 48b 4
m n m 4; mn 4m
c d 4 d; cd 4d
Answers
9. 2(x y 1)
10. 3(a b 1)
Use the Distributive Property to find each product. 10. 9 499 4491 13. 12 2.5 30 11. 7 110 770 14. 27 2 63 12. 21 1004 21,084 15. 16 4 68
2(x ) 2(y ) 2(1); 2x 2y 2
3(a) 3(b) 3(1); 3a 3b 3

1 3
1 4
Use the Distributive Property to find each product.
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Glencoe Algebra 1
11. 5 89 445
12. 9 99 891
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified. 16. w 14w 6w 9w 19. 12b2 9b2 21b 2
17. 3(5 6h) 15 18h 20. 25t3 17t3 8t 3 23. 4(6p 2q 2p)
18. 14(2r 3) 28r 42 21. c2 4d 2 d 2 c 2 3d 2 24. x x
(Lesson 1-5)
13. 15 104 1560
14. 15 2 35
1 3
22.
3a2
6a
2b2
15. 12 1 15
1 4
16. 8 3 25
1 8
simplified
16p 8q
2x
2 3
x 3
DINING OUT For Exercises 25 and 26, use the following information.
The Ross family recently dined at an Italian restaurant. Each of the four family members ordered a pasta dish that cost $11.50, a drink that cost $1.50, and dessert that cost $2.75. 25. Write an expression that could be used to calculate the cost of the Ross dinner before adding tax and a tip. 4(11. 5 1.5 2.75) 26. What was the cost of dining out for the Ross family? $63.00
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified. 17. 2x 8x 10x 19. 16m 10m 6m 21. 2x2 6x2 8x2 18. 17g g 18g 20. 12p 8p 4p 22. 7a2 2a2 5a2
ORIENTATION For Exercises 27 and 28, use the following information.

Madison College conducted a three-day orientation for incoming freshmen. Each day, an average of 110 students attended the morning session and an average of 160 students attended the afternoon session.
Letisha Noel
$125 $250
$75 $50
$50 $50
Dog Pen
14. How are Exercises 10 and 11 alike? How are they different?
Both involve changing the order of the symbols. Exercise 10 involves changing the order of the addends in an addition problem. Exercise 11 involves changing the order of the digits in a numeral.
Chapter 1
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Answers
Lesson 1-5
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-5

5. MENTAL MATH During a math facts speed contest, Jamal calculated the following expression faster than anyone else in his class. 197 4 When classmates asked him how he was able to answer so quickly, he told them he used the Distributive Property to think of the problem differently. Write and evaluate an expression using the Distributive Property that would help Jamal perform the calculation quickly.
1-5
Enrichment
1. OPERA Mr. Delongs drama class is planning a field trip to see Mozarts famous opera Don Giovanni. Tickets cost $39 each, and there are 23 students and 2 teachers going on the field trip. Write and evaluate an expression to find the groups total ticket cost.
The Maya
The Maya were a Native American people who lived from about 1500 B.C. to about 1500 A.D. in the region that today encompasses much of Central America and southern Mexico. Their many accomplishments include exceptional architecture, pottery, painting, and sculpture, as well as significant advances in the fields of astronomy and mathematics. The Maya developed a system of numeration that was based on the number twenty. The basic symbols of this system are shown in the table at the right. The places in a Mayan numeral are written verticallythe bottom place represents ones, the place above represents twenties, the place above that represents 20 20, or four hundreds, and so on. For instance, this is how to write the number 997 in Mayan numerals.
_____ _____ _____ _____ 0 1 2 3 4

_____ 10 _____ _____ 11 _____ _____ 12 _____ _____ 13 _____ _____ 14 _____ _____ 15 _____ _____ _____ 16 _____ _____ _____ 17 _____ _____ _____ 18 _____ _____ _____ 19 _____ _____
$39(23 2) $975
5 _____ 6 _____ 7 _____ 8 _____ 9 _____
2. LIBRARY In Cook County Librarys childrens section there are 7 shelves and 4 tables. Each shelf and table displays 12 books. Write and evaluate an expression to find how many books are in the childrens section. 12(7 4) 132
4(200 3) 800 12 788
Answers
2 400 800 9
20 1
180 17 997
INVESTMENTS For Exercises 6 and 7,

3. COSTUMES Isabellas ballet class is performing a spring recital for which they need butterfly costumes. Each 3 butterfly costume is made from 3 yards
5
use the following information. Letisha and Noel each opened a checking account, a savings account, and a college fund. The chart below shows the amounts that they deposited into each account.
Checking Savings College
17
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Glencoe Algebra 1
,x ,y _____ , w _____ , and _____ Evaluate each expression when v _____ . Then write the answer in Mayan numerals. Exercise 5 is done for you. _____ z _____
(Lesson 1-5)
53 53 5(3) 5 5 5 5 15 3 18
of fabric. Use the Distributive Property to find the number of yards of fabric needed for 5 costumes. (Hint: a mixed number can be written as the sum of an integer and a fraction.)
1. 4. vxy
z w
vwz 2. _____ x
3. xv
_____ _____
_____ _____ _____
5. wx z 8. vwz
6. vz xy
6. If Noel used only $50 bills when he deposited the money to open his accounts, how many $50 bills did he deposit? 7 $50 bills
_____ _____ 7. w(v x z) _____ _____ _____ _____
_____ _____ _____
9. z(wx x)
4. FENCES Demonstrate the Distributive Property by writing two equivalent expressions to represent the perimeter of the fenced dog pen below.
Tell whether each statement is true or false.

_____ _____ _____ 10. _____ _____ _____
2n 2m and 2(n m)
m
7. If all accounts earn 1.5% interest per year and no further deposits are made, how much interest will Letisha have earned one year after her accounts were opened? $3.75
true
11. _____ _____ _____
_____ _____
_____
12. _____ _____ _____
_____
_____ _____
false
false
_____ ( _____ _____ _____ ) true 13. ( _____ ) _____
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-6 in your textbook. How are the expressions 0.4 1.5 and 1.5 0.4 alike? different?
The numbers and the operation are the same; the order of the numbers is different.
Commutative Properties Associative Properties
For any numbers a and b, a b b a and a b b a. For any numbers a, b, and c, (a b) c a (b c ) and (ab)c a(bc).
Read the Lesson

1. Write the Roman numeral of the term that best matches each equation. a. 3 6 6 3
Example 1
Evaluate 6 2 3 5.
Commutative Property Associative Property Multiply. Multiply.
Example 2
III I II IV
I. Associative Property of Addition II. Associative Property of Multiplication III. Commutative Property of Addition IV. Commutative Property of Multiplication
b. 2 (3 4) (2 3) 4 c. 2 (3 4) (2 3) 4
62356325 (6 3)(2 5) 18 10 180 The product is 180.
Evaluate 8.2 2.5 2.5 1.8.

Commutative Prop. Associative Prop. Add. Add.
Lesson 1-6
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-6

Commutative and Associative Properties
3-6 1-6

Commutative and Associative Properties The Commutative and Associative Properties can be used to simplify expressions. The Commutative Properties state that the order in which you add or multiply numbers does not change their sum or product. The Associative Properties state that the way you group three or more numbers when adding or multiplying does not change their sum or product.
Answers
8.2 2.5 2.5 1.8 8.2 1.8 2.5 2.5 (8.2 1.8) (2.5 2.5) 10 5 15 The sum is 15.
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Glencoe Algebra 1
d. 2 (3 4) 2 (4 3)
(Lesson 1-6)
2. What property can you use to change the order of the terms in an expression?
Exercises Evaluate each expression.

Commutative Property of Addition

3. What property can you use to change the way three factors are grouped?
1. 12 10 8 5 35
2. 16 8 22 12 58
3. 10 7 2.5 175
Associative Property of Multiplication

4. What property can you use to combine two like terms to get a single term?
4. 4 8 5 3 480
5. 12 20 10 5 47
6. 26 8 4 22 60
Distributive Property
5. To use the Associative Property of Addition to rewrite the sum of a group of terms, what is the least number of terms you need? three
7. 3 4 2 3 13
1 2
1 2
8. 12 4 2 72
3 4
9. 3.5 2.4 3.6 4.2 13.7

6. Look up the word commute in a dictionary. Find an everyday meaning that is close to the mathematical meaning and explain how it can help you remember the mathematical meaning.
10. 4 5 3 13
1 2
1 2
11. 0.5 2.8 4 5.6
12. 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.6 11
13. 18 25 80
4 5
2 9
14. 32 10 32
1 5
1 2
15. 7 16 4
1 4
1 7
Sample answer: To travel back and forth, as between a suburb and a city; in the Commutative Property of Addition, a b b a, the quantities a and b are switched back and forth.
42
16. 3.5 8 2.5 2 16
17. 18 8 8
1 2
1 9
18. 10 16 60
3 4
1 2
Chapter 1
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1. 16 8 14 12 50 4. 5 3 4 3 180 7. 1.7 0.8 1.3 3.8 Simplify each expression. 10. 2x 5y 9x 11x 5y
2. 36 23 14 7 80 5. 2 4 5 3 120 8. 1.6 0.9 2.4 4.9
3. 32 14 18 11 75 6. 5 7 10 4 1400 9. 4 6 5 16
1 2 1 2
Example
Simplify 8(y 2x) 7y. 8y 16x 7y 8y 7y 16x (8 7)y 16x 15y 16x
Distributive Property Commutative () Distributive Property Substitution
8(y 2x) 7y
The simplified expression is 15y 16x. Exercises Simplify each expression. 1. 4x 3y x 2. 3a 4b a 3. 8rs 2rs2 7rs
11. a 9b 6a 7a 9b
Lesson 1-6
7a 9b
10. (x 10)
2 3 1 2 4 3
16x 21y
11. z2 9x2 z2 x2
4 3 1 3
1.7x 0.5y
12. 6(2x 4y) 2(x 9)
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-6
(continued)
3-6 1-6
Skills Practice

Simplify Expressions
The Commutative and Associative Properties can be used along with other properties when evaluating and simplifying expressions.
Answers
12. 2p 3q 5p 2q 7p 5q 14. 5m2 3m m2 6m2 3m 16. 2a 3(4 a) 5a 12
13. r 3s 5r s 6r 4s 15. 6k2 6k k2 9k 7k2 15k 17. 5(7 2g) 3g 35 13g
5x 3y
4a 4b
5. 6(x y) 2(2x y)
15rs
2rs 2
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Glencoe Algebra 1
4. 3a2 4b 10a2
13a 2 4b
6. 6n 2(4n 5)
10x 8y
8. 5(2x 3y) 6( y x)
14n 10
9. 5(0.3x 0.1y) 0.2x
(Lesson 1-6)
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then simplify, indicating the properties used. 18. three times the sum of a and b increased by a
7. 6(a b) a 3b
7 x
1 2
7 28 z 2 x 2 3 3
14x 24y 18
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then simplify. 13. twice the sum of y and z is increased by y
3(a b) a 3(a) 3(b) a 3a 3b a 3a a 3b (3a a) 3b (3 1)a 3b 4a 3b
Distributive Property Multiply Commutative () Associative () Distributive Property Substitution
3y 2z 2xy
19. twice the sum of p and q increased by twice the sum of 2p and 3q
14. four times the product of x and y decreased by 2xy
15. the product of five and the square of a, increased by the sum of eight, a2, and 4
6a 2 12 5x 5y
16. three times the sum of x and y increased by twice the sum of x and y
2(p q) 2(2p 3q ) 2(p) 2(q ) 2(2p ) 2(3q ) 2p 2q 4p 6q 2p 4p 2q 6q (2p 4p ) (2q 6q ) (2 4)p (2 6)q 6p 8q
Chapter 1

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Answers
1. 13 23 12 7 55 3. 7.6 3.2 9.4 1.3 21.5

1 2 5. 7 2 1 9 9
2. 6 5 10 3 900 4. 3.6 0.7 5 12.6 6. 3 3 16 200

3 4 1 3
1 10 3
Simplify each expression. 7. 9s2 3t s2 t 10s 2 4t 9. 6y 2(4y 6) 14y 12 11. 3(2c d) 4(c 4d) 10c 19d 13. 5(0.6b 0.4c) b 4b 2c 8. (p 2n) 7p 8p 2n 10. 2(3x y) 5(x 2y) 11x 12y 12. 6s 2(t 3s) 5(s 4t) 17s 22t
1 1 1 14. q 2 q r 2 4 2
2. BUS STOPS Mr. McGowan drives a city bus. Occasionally he keeps track of the number of riders for market research. The chart below shows a morning route.
Bus Route First stop Second stop Third stop Fourth stop 12 people got on 4 people off; 15 on 16 people off; 7 on 11 people off; 14 on
Sample answer: (60 84) 62 84 (60 62) 206
SPORTS For Exercises 57, use the

following information. Kim, Doug, and Conner all run on the cross country team. In the last race Doug finished first, Kim finished 3 minutes after Doug, and Conner finished with a time that was twice Dougs time. 5. What is the sum of their times?
Lesson 1-6
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-6
Practice
1-6

4. ANATOMY The human body has 60 bones in the arms and hands, 84 bones in the upper body and head, and 62 bones in the legs and feet. Use the Associative Property to write and evaluate an expression that represents the total number of bones in the human body.
1. SCHOOL SUPPLIES At a local school supply store, a highlighter costs $1.25, a ballpoint pen costs $0.80, and a spiral notebook costs $2.75. Use mental math and the Associative Property of Addition to find the total cost if one of each item is purchased. $4.80
Answers
qr
15. Write an algebraic expression for four times the sum of 2a and b increased by twice the sum of 6a and 2b. Then simplify, indicating the properties used.
4(2a b) 2(6a 2b) 4(2a) 4(b) 2(6a) 2(2b) 8a 4b 12a 4b 8a 12a 4b 4b (8a 12a) (4b 4b) (8 12)a (4 4)b 20a 8b
How many people are on the bus after the fourth stop? 17 3. MENTAL MATH The triangular banner has a base of 9 centimeters and a height of 6 centimeters. Using the formula for area of a triangle, the banners area can
1 be expressed as 9 6 . Gabrielle 2
x (x 3) (2x) x x 2x 3 4x 3 min
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Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-6)
finds it easier to write and evaluate
6. What property or properties did you use?
SCHOOL SUPPLIES For Exercises 16 and 17, use the following information.
Kristen purchased two binders that cost $1.25 each, two binders that cost $4.75 each, two packages of paper that cost $1.50 per package, four blue pens that cost $1.15 each, and four pencils that cost $.35 each. 16. Write an expression to represent the total cost of supplies before tax.
1 6 9 to find the area. Is 2
Gabrielles expression equivalent to the area formula? Explain.
Associative and Commutative Properties of Addition, and Distributive Property
2(1.25 4.75 1.50) 4(1.15 0.35)

17. What was the total cost of supplies before tax? $21.00
h b
7. Evaluate the expression if Doug ran the race in 27 minutes. 111 min
GEOMETRY For Exercises 18 and 19, use the following information.

The lengths of the sides of a pentagon in inches are 1.25, 0.9, 2.5, 1.1, and 0.25. 18. Using the commutative and associative properties to group the terms in a way that makes evaluation convenient, write an expression to represent the perimeter of the pentagon. Sample answer: (1.25 0.25) (0.9 1.1) 2.5 19. What is the perimeter of the pentagon? 6 in.
Chapter 1
Yes; the Commutative and Associative Properties of Multiplication allow it to be rewritten.
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
3. Does the operation appear to be commutative? no 4. What number is represented by (2 1) 3? 3 5. What number is represented by 2 ( 1 3)? 9 6. Does the operation appear to be associative? no Lets make up another operation and denote it by , so that a b (a 1)(b 1). 3 2 (3 1)(2 1) 4 3 12 (1 2) 3 (2 3) 3 6 3 7 4 28
Read the Lesson

1. Write hypothesis or conclusion to tell which part of the if-then statement is underlined. a. If it is Tuesday, then it is raining. conclusion b. If our team wins this game, then they will go to the playoffs. conclusion c. I can tell you your birthday if you tell me your height. hypothesis d. If 3x 7 13, then x 2. hypothesis e. If x is an even number, then x 2 is an odd number. conclusion 2. What does the term valid conclusion mean?
Lesson 1-7
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-6
Enrichment
1-7

Logical Reasoning and Counterexamples
Properties of Operations
Lets make up a new operation and denote it by , so that a b means ba. 2 3 9 2) 3 21 3 32 9 (1 32 3? 32 1. What number is represented by 2 2. What number is represented by 3 2? 23

Read the introduction to Lesson 1-7 in your textbook. If you know the heat was not too high, what must have caused the popcorn to burn?
The kernels heated unevenly. 9 8
Answers
(Lessons 1-6 and 1-7)
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Glencoe Algebra 1
7. What number is represented by 2 3? 12 8. What number is represented by 3 2? 12 9. Does the operation appear to be commutative? yes 10. What number is represented by (2 3) 4? 65 11. What number is represented by 2 (3 4)? 63 12. Does the operation appear to be associative? no 13. What number is represented by 1 ( 3 2)? 12 14. What number is represented by (1 3) (1 2)? 12 15. Does the operation appear to be distributive over the operation ? yes 16. Lets explore these operations a little further. What number is represented by ( 4 2)? 3375 3 17. What number is represented by (3 4) (3 2)? 585 18. Is the operation actually distributive over the operation ? no
Chapter 1
Sample answer: A valid conclusion is a statement that has to be true if you used true statements and correct reasoning to obtain the conclusion.
3. Give a counterexample for the statement If a person is famous, then that person has been on television. Tell how you know it really is a counterexample.
Sample answer: President Abraham Lincoln was and still is famous, but he was never on television. There was no television when Lincoln was alive.

4. Write an example of a conditional statement you would use to teach someone how to identify an hypothesis and a conclusion. See students work.
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Chapter 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
a. The two numbers are 4 and 8. 4 and 8 are even, and 4 8 12. Conclusion: The sum of 4 and 8 is even. b. The sum of two numbers is 20. Consider 13 and 7. 13 7 20 However, 12 8, 19 1, and 18 2 all equal 20. There is no way to determine the two numbers. Therefore there is no valid conclusion. Example 2 Provide a counterexample to this conditional statement. If you use a calculator for a math problem, then you will get the answer correct. Counterexample: If the problem is 475 5 and you press 475 5, you will not get the correct answer. Exercises Determine a valid conclusion that follows from the statement If the last digit of a number is 0 or 5, then the number is divisible by 5 for the given conditions. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why. 1. The number is 120. Conclusion: 120 is divisible by 5. 2. The number is a multiple of 4. No valid conclusion; a multiple of 4 need not 3. The number is 101. No valid conclusion because the number does not end
Lesson 1-7
2. If you are a sprinter, then you can run fast. H: you are a sprinter; C: you can
run fast
3. If 12 4x 4, then x 2. H: 12 4x 4; C: x 2 4. If it is Monday, then you are in school. H: it is Monday; C: you are in school 5. If the area of a square is 49, then the square has side length 7. H: the area of a
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-7

1-7
(continued)

Deductive Reasoning and Counterexamples Deductive reasoning is the process of using facts, rules, definitions, or properties to reach a valid conclusion. To show that a conditional statement is false, use a counterexample, one example for which the conditional statement is false. You need to find only one counterexample for the statement to be false.
Example 1 Determine a valid conclusion from the statement If two numbers are even, then their sum is even for the given conditions. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why.
Conditional Statements A conditional statement is a statement of the form If A, then B. Statements in this form are called if-then statements. The part of the statement immediately following the word if is called the hypothesis. The part of the statement immediately following the word then is called the conclusion.
Example 1 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. a. If it is Wednesday, then Jerri has aerobics class. Hypothesis: it is Wednesday Conclusion: Jerri has aerobics class b. If 2x 4 10, then x 7. Hypothesis: 2x 4 10 Conclusion: x 7 Example 2 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. a. You and Marylynn can watch a movie on Thursday. Hypothesis: it is Thursday Conclusion: you and Marylynn can watch a movie If it is Thursday, then you and Marylynn can watch a movie. b. For a number a such that 3a 2 11, a 3. Hypothesis: 3a 2 11 Conclusion: a 3 If 3a 2 11, then a 3.
Answers
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Exercises Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. 1. If it is April, then it might rain. H: it is April; C: it might rain
(Lesson 1-7)
end in 0 and never ends in 5.
square is 49; C: the square has side length 7
in 0 or 5
Find a counterexample for each statement. 4. If Susan is in school, then she is in math class. Susan is in school and she is in 5. If a number is a square, then it is divisible by 2. 25 is a square that is not 6. If a quadrilateral has 4 right angles, then the quadrilateral is a square. A rectangle 7. If you were born in New York, then you live in New York. You could be born in
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. 6. A quadrilateral with equal sides is a rhombus. H: a quadrilateral has equal sides;
history class.
C: the figure is a rhombus; If a quadrilateral has equal sides, then the quadrilateral is a rhombus.
divisible by 2.
7. A number that is divisible by 8 is also divisible by 4. H: a number is divisible by 8;
C: the number is divisible by 4; If a number is divisible by 8, then it is divisible by 4.
with 5 and w 6
New York and then live in California.
8. Karlyn goes to the movies when she does not have homework. H: Karlyn does not
8. If three times a number is greater than 15, then the number must be greater than six. 9. If 3x 2 10, then x 4. 4; 3(4) 2 10, but 4 is not less than 4.
Chapter 1
have homework. C: Karlyn goes to the movies; If Karlyn does not have homework, then Karlyn goes to the movies.
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Glencoe Algebra 1
5.5; 3(5.5) is greater than 15, but 5.5 is less than 6.

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Chapter 1
Glencoe Algebra 1
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. 4. Martina works at the bakery every Saturday.
3. When Joseph has a fever, he stays home from school.
H: it is Saturday, C: Martina works at the bakery; If it is Saturday, then Martina works at the bakery.
5. Ivan only runs early in the morning.
H: Joseph has a fever, C: he stays home from school; If Joseph has a fever, then he stays home from school.
4. Two congruent triangles are similar.
Lesson 1-7
answers are given.
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-7
Skills Practice
1-7
Practice
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. 1. If it is Sunday, then mail is not delivered.
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. 1. If it is raining, then the meteorologists prediction was accurate.
H: it is Sunday, C: mail is not delivered

2. If you are hiking in the mountains, then you are outdoors.
H: it is raining, C: the meteorologists prediction was accurate

2. If x 4, then 2x 3 11. H: x 4, C: 2x 3 11 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement. Then write the statement in if-then form.
H: you are hiking in the mountains, C: you are outdoors

3. If 6n 4 58, then n 9. H: 6n 4 58, C: n 9
Answers
H: two triangles are congruent, C: they are similar; If two triangles are congruent, then they are similar.
Determine whether a valid conclusion follows from the statement If two numbers are even, then their product is even for the given condition. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why. 5. The product of two numbers is 12. No valid conclusion; The product is even,
H: Ivan is running, C: it is early in the morning; If Ivan is running, it is early in the morning.
6. A polygon that has five sides is a pentagon.
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Glencoe Algebra 1
H: a polygon has five sides, C: it is a pentagon; If a polygon has five sides, then it is a pentagon.
Determine whether a valid conclusion follows from the statement If Hector scores an 85 or above on his science exam, then he will earn an A in the class for the given condition. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why. 7. Hector scored an 86 on his science exam. Hector earned an A in science. 8. Hector did not earn an A in science. Hector scored less than 85 on the exam. 9. Hector scored 84 on the science exam. Hector did not earn an A in science. 10. Hector studied 10 hours for the science exam. No valid conclusion; the
(Lesson 1-7)
but one of the numbers could be odd, such as 4 3.
6. Two numbers are 8 and 6. The product of the numbers is even. Find a counterexample for each statement. 78. Sample answers are given. 7. If the refrigerator stopped running, then there was a power outage.
Perhaps someone accidentally unplugged it while cleaning.

8. If 6h 7 5, then h 2.
When h 2, then 6h 7 5, and so is not less than 5.
conditional statement does not mention the number of hours Hector studied.
GEOMETRY For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information. 910. Sample
If the perimeter of a rectangle is 14 inches, then its area is 10 square inches. 9. State a condition in which the hypothesis and conclusion are valid.
Find a counterexample for each statement. 1114. Sample answers are given. 11. If the car will not start, then it is out of gas. The battery could be dead. 12. If the basketball team has scored 100 points, then they must be winning the game.
A rectangle has a length of 5 in. and a width of 2 in.

10. Provide a counterexample to show the statement is false. A rectangle with a length
of 6 in. and a width of 1 in. has a perimeter of 14 in. and an area of 6 in2.
The other team could have scored 101 points. 41 14
13. If the Commutative Property holds for addition, then it holds for subtraction. 14. If 2n 3 17, then n 7. When n 7, 2n 3 is equal to 17, not less than 17.
Chapter 1
11. ADVERTISING A recent television commercial for a car dealership stated that no reasonable offer will be refused. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the statement. Then write the statement in if-then form.
H: there is a reasonable offer, C: it will not be refused; If there is a reasonable offer, then it will not be refused.
Chapter 1
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53
Answers
2. GEOMETRY Write a valid conclusion that follows from the statement below for the given condition. If a valid conclusion does not follow, write no valid conclusion and explain why. If the radius of a circle is multiplied by 10, its area is multiplied by 100. Circle A has a radius of 5 centimeters and an area equal to 78.5 square centimeters, while circle B has a radius of 50 centimeters.
use the following information. The Venn diagram shows the relationships of various quadrilaterals.
Quadrilaterals Parallelograms Rectangles Squares Rhombuses Trapezoids
7337 4 4 In general, for any numbers a and b, the statement a b b a is false. You can make the equivalent verbal statement: subtraction is not a commutative operation. In each of the following exercises a, b, and c are any numbers. Prove that the statement is false by counterexample. Sample answers are given. 1. a (b c) (a b) c
Lesson 1-7
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-7

4. AUTOMOBILES Is the following conclusion valid? If not, find a counterexample. If the weather is sunny, it is a good day to wear a T-shirt.
1-7
Enrichment
1. KINDERGARTEN Identify the hypothesis and conclusion and write the statement in if-then form. Helene will go to school when she is five years old.
Counterexamples
Some statements in mathematics can be proven false by counterexamples. Consider the following statement. For any numbers a and b, a b b a. You can prove that this statement is false in general if you can find one example for which the statement is false. Let a 7 and b 3. Substitute these values in the equation above.
Hypothesis: if she is five years No. If it is a sunny day in winter, old it will not be warm enough for a Conclusion: Helene will go to T-shirt. school If-Then: If Helene is five years old, QUADRILATERALS For Exercises 57, then she will go to school.
Answers
The area of circle B is 7850 cm2.
6 (4 2) (6 4) 2 6222 4 0 6446
3 2 2 3
2. a (b c) (a b) c
6 (4 2) (6 4) 2 1.5 6 2 2 3 0.75
A26
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-7)
State whether each statement is valid. If it is not valid, write a new statement that is valid. 5. If a square is a rhombus and a square is a rectangle, then a rhombus is a rectangle.
3. a b b a
4. a (b c) (a b) (a c)
6 (4 2) (6 4) (6 2) 6 6 1.5 3 1 4.5 6 2 62 64 36 36 1296 72 1296
3. PRIME NUMBERS For centuries, mathematicians have tried to develop a formula to generate prime numbers. Legendre and Euler each came up with a number of polynomial formulas that generate primes. Consider the following conditional statement and find a counterexample to show that it is not always true. If n is a whole number, 2n2 11 is a prime number.
5. a (bc) (a b)(a c)
Not valid; if a square is a rhombus and a rhombus is a parallelogram, then a square is a parallelogram.
6 (4 2) (6 4)(6 2) 6 8 (10)(8) 14 80
6. a2 a2 a4
7. Write the verbal equivalents for Exercises 1, 2, and 3.
6. If a quadrilateral is not a parallelogram, it is a trapezoid.
When n 11, the expression yields 253, which is divisible by 11 (not prime).
Not valid; if a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, it is not a trapezoid.
1. Subtraction is not an associative operation. 2. Division is not an associative operation. 3. Division is not a commutative operation.
8. For the distributive property a(b c) ab ac it is said that multiplication distributes over addition. Exercises 4 and 5 prove that some operations do not distribute. Write a statement for each exercise that indicates this.
7. If a quadrilateral is not a square, it is not a rhombus. valid
4. Division does not distribute over addition. 5. Addition does not distribute over multiplication.
Chapter 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
55
3. The positive square root of a number is called the root of the number.
principal
square
Exercises Find each square root.
Lesson 1-8
a. the positive square root of 1600
1600 3025
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-8

Number Systems
1-8

Number Systems

Read the introduction to Lesson 1-8 in your textbook. The expression 3600 is read, the square root of 3600. How would you read the expression 64?
Square Roots
the square root of 64
A square root is one of two equal factors of a number. For example, the square roots of 36 are 6 and 6, since 6 6 or 62 is 36 and (6)(6) or (6)2 is also 36. A rational number like 36, whose square root is a rational number, is called a perfect square. The symbol is a radical sign. It indicates the nonnegative, or principal, square root of 36 6 and 36 6. The symbol 36 the number under the radical sign. So represents both square roots.
Read the Lesson

Complete each statement below.
Example 1
Find
.
25 49
Example 2
Find 0.16 .
radical sign 1. The symbol is called a and is used to indicate a nonnegative or principal square root of the expression under the symbol.
2. A rational approximation of an irrational number is a rational number that is close to, but not equal to, the value of the irrational number.
25 represents the negative 25 . square root of
49
0.16 represents the positive and negative square roots of 0.16. 0.16 0.42 and 0.16 (0.4)2 0.16 0.4
Answers
25 5 2 49 7
49
25 5 49 7
A27
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-8)
4. A number whose positive square root is a rational number is a perfect square . 5. Write each of the following as a mathematical expression that uses the symbol. b. the negative square root of 729 729 c. the principal square root of 3025
8 1. 64
2. 81 9
3. 16.81 4.1
4. 100 10
5.
2 5
4 25
6. 121 11
6. The irrational numbers and rational numbers together form the set of real numbers.
7.
5 12
25 144
8.
5 4
25 16
9.
11 10
121 100

7. Use a dictionary to look up several words that begin with ir-. What does the prefix ir- mean? How can this help you remember the meaning of the word irrational?
10. 3600 60
11. 6.25 2.5
12. 0.000 4 0.02
Sample answer: The prefix ir- means not. So an irrational number is a number that is not a rational number.
13.
6 7
144 196
14.
6 7
36 49
15. 1.21 1.1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
a. b.
Because 4 and 11 are integers, this number is a rational number. Because 81 9, this number is a natural number, a whole number, an integer, and a rational number. Because 32 5.656854249, which is not a repeating or terminating decimal, this number is irrational.
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
11.
81 32
rational
Graph each solution set. 13. x 1
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
9 13
12. 1.8
irrational
c.
Lesson 1-8
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-8

Number Systems
(continued)
1-8
Skills Practice
Number Systems
Classify and Order Numbers Numbers such as 2 and 3 are not perfect squares. Notice what happens when you find these square roots with your calculator. The numbers continue indefinitely without any pattern of repeating digits. Numbers that cannot be written as a terminating or repeating decimal are called irrational numbers. The set of real numbers consists of the set of irrational numbers and the set of rational numbers together. The chart below illustrates the various kinds of real numbers.
Natural Numbers Whole Numbers Integers Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, } {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } {, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }
a {all numbers that can be expressed in the form , where a and b are integers and b b a {all numbers that cannot be expressed in the form , where a and b are integers and b b
Find each square root. If necessary, round to the nearest hundredth.
12 1. 144
3. 0.25 0.5 5. 17 4.12
2. 36 6 4. 6. 2.25 1.5
49 100
7 10
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs.
0} 0}
7.
integer, rational
9. 29
28 7
8.
rational
10. 196
5 6
Answers
Example
4 11
irrational
natural, whole, integer, rational
A28
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-8)
Exercises Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number belongs.
84 1. 12 6 2. 7 2 3. 3
14. x 1
4 3 2 1
4. 54
irrational
8. 22.51
15. x 1.5
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
16. x 2.5
4 3 2 1
natural, whole, integer, rational rational
rational
rational
5. 3.145
6. 25
7. 0.62626262
Replace each G with , , or to make each sentence true. 17. G 0.4 19. 6.2 3 G 39
4 9
natural, whole, integer, rational
rational
irrational
18. 0.0 9 G 20. G

1 8 1 8
1 90
Write each set of numbers in order from least to greatest.
, 9. , 5, 25
5, , ,
3 7 4 4
3 4
7 4
10. 0.09 , 0.3131,
3 5
11. 1.2 5 , 0.05, , 5
1 4
25
5 4
0.3131,
3 0.09 , 5
1.2 5 , , 0.05, 4
1 9 14. 0.3 5 , 2 , , 5 3 5
, 2.3 6 , 21. 5
5 12. , 2, 124 , 3.11 4
1 13. 1.44 , 0.35 5
7 3
7 5 , , 2.3 6 3
22. , 0.2 1 , 0.05 0.2 1 , ,
2 9
2 0.05 9 5
3.11, 2, ,
Chapter 1
124
1.44 , 0.35,
58
1 5
, 0.3 5 , 5
1 5 , 2 3
23. 12 , 3.4 8 , 11
6 3 3 6 24. 0.4 3 , , , 0.43,

5 7 7
3.4 8 , 12 , 11
Chapter 1
Glencoe Algebra 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
13. x 0.5
14. x 3.5
0 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
4 3 2 1
Matthew
Brady 15.84 15.85
Pythagorean Theorem a2 b2 c2
b c
Lesson 1-8
Oct., Nov.
Sept.
Dec.
Jan. Feb. Aug.
Mar.
Jun.
May
Apr.
Jul.
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-8
1. 324
Practice
Number Systems
1-8
3. 25 4. 84

Number Systems
4. LIGHTING The brightness of a light bulb depends on the observers distance from the bulb. For a 200-watt bulb, the distance D (in inches) from the bulb is
318 given by the equation D , where
Find each square root. If necessary, round to the nearest hundredth. 2. 62
18
5.
7.87
6.
4 289
7 12
5
7. 0.081
9.17
8. 3.06
1. MATH CLASS In Mrs. Carsons math class, students draw numbers to determine the order in which each will solve a problem on the board. If the order is least to greatest value, list the students in order of their turn.
Amanda 97 Dominic Boyd 2.56 Eve 49 Celeste
23 8
17
0.76
0.28
1.75
2.56 7
9. 93
10. 0.062 5
11.
8 7
12.
144 3
irrational
rational
rational
integer, rational
Eve, Boyd, Celeste, Amanda, Dominic

2. SPORTS Matthew won the 100-yard dash in a photo-finish race with a time of 15.83 seconds. Bradys time was 15.84 seconds, and he came in third place. Use a number line to graph Matthews time, Bradys time, and the possible time of the person who finished in second place.
B is the brightness (in lumens per square inch). Using a light meter, a product engineer finds the brightness of a 200-watt bulb is 0.244 lumens per square inch. How far is the light meter from the bulb? 36 in.
Answers
Graph each solution set.
GEOMETRY For Exercises 5 and 6, use the following information. The Pythagorean Theorem is used to find the length of an unknown side of a right triangle when two side lengths are known.
A29
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-8)
Replace each G with , , or to make each sentence true. 3 G 0.93 15. 0.9 16. 8.1 7 G 66
5 5 17. G 6
15.80
15.81
15.82
15.83
Second place 15.835
, , 0.1 7 18. 0.03
2 8
19. , 8 ,
84 30
7 8
20. 8.5 , , 2
35 2
19 20
2 0.1 7 , 0.03 ,
8
8 , , 30 8
84
35 , 2 , 8.5 20 2
19
3. WEATHER The table shows how the average temperature for each month varied from the normal mean temperature each month for Barrow, Alaska. Graph these values on a number.
Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Change in Temp. (F) 3 2 2 13 21 15 Month Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Change in Temp. (F) 5 1 8 16 16 10
The length of side c can be found by using the following rearrangement of the . Pythagorean Theorem: c a2 b2
2 b2 have a symbol in 5. Should c a front of the c? Squaring the value
21. SIGHTSEEING The distance you can see to the horizon is given by the formula 1.5h, where d is the distance in miles and h is the height in feet above the d horizon line. Mt. Whitney is the highest point in the contiguous 48 states. Its elevation is 14,494 feet. The lowest elevation, at 282 feet, is located near Badwater, California. With a clear enough sky and no obstructions, could you see from the top of Mt. Whitney to Badwater if the distance between them is 135 miles? Explain. Yes; you can see
about 149 miles from the top of Mt. Whitney to an elevation of 282 feet.
22. SEISMIC WAVES A tsunami is a seismic wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean , where s is the speed in meters per second and floor. You can use the formula s 3.1d d is the depth of the ocean in meters, to determine the speed of a tsunami. If an earthquake occurs at a depth of 200 meters, what is the speed of the tsunami generated by the earthquake? about 43.8 m/s
Chapter 1
Source: World Almanac 2005, pg 185
of c or c will give c 2 in the original formula. However, a negative value of c is not possible because the formula uses lengths of sides of a triangle, which can only be positive numbers.
6. Find the length of the hypotenuse c if a 6 centimeters and b 8 centimeters.
20
10
10
20
10 cm
60
Glencoe Algebra 1
Chapter 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Sylvan Road
Sunshine Lake
Closet Bedroom Bath Bedroom
Lot 3
Answer each question.
200 ft
2. On the map, measure the frontage of Lot 2 on Sylvan Road in inches. What is the actual frontage in feet?
1. On the map, how many feet are represented by an inch?
b. a 3, b 8, and c 4 To evaluate the expression again, you do not have to repeat the keystrokes from part a. Instead use the replay command, 2nd [ENTRY]. The expression appears again without the answer. Use the arrow keys to scroll to the beginning of the expression and change the values for a, b, and c. Then press ENTER to re-evaluate. Exercises Evaluate each expression for each set of values. Express answers as fractions when possible. 1. 3x 8y 2z
4
Lesson 1-8
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-8
Enrichment
1-8
Graphing Calculator Activity

Evaluating Expressions
Scale Drawings
The map at the left below shows building lots for sale. The scale ratio is 1:2400. At the right below is the floor plan for a two-bedroom apartment. The length of the living room is 6 m. On the plan the living room is 6 cm long.
Closet Lot 1 Living Room Kitchen Lot 2 Closet Closet Dining Area
When evaluating the same algebraic expression for different sets of rational values, it is sometimes helpful to use the store key STO and ENTRY which is the 2nd function of ENTER . ENTRY allows you to scroll up to a previous line. Example
for each set of values. Express Evaluate 2ab c2 |a2 b2|
your answers as fractions. a. a 4, b 6, and c 5 Enter the values for a, b, and c using STO . Then enter the expression. Use parentheses to group the numerator and the denominator. The absolute value function can be found in the NUM menu of MATH . Remember to add a closing parenthesis when using abs( . The Frac command from the MATH menu displays the answer as a fraction. Keystrokes: 4 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] 6 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] 5 STO ALPHA [A] ALPHA [:] ( ALPHA [C] x 2 MATH ) ) ENTER ALPHA [A] x 2 ALPHA [B] x 2 ( 2 ALPHA [A] ALPHA [B] ) MATH ENTER ENTER
Answers
A30
200 ft 1:100 4m 24 m2
(Lesson 1-8)
3. What is the scale ratio represented on the floor plan?
1 a. x , y 2, and z 6 1 b. x 5, y 7, and z 70 2
115 4
2. |2a 5b| a. a 4 and b 16 72 b. a 5 and b 20 110

b |b 4ac| 4. 2a
2
4. On the floor plan, measure the width of the living room in centimeters. What is the actual width in meters?
3. 5x2 4x 12 a. x 8 340 b. x 5 93
1 c. x 3
5. About how many square meters of carpeting would be needed to carpet the living room?
a. a 4, b 12, and c 9 b. a 3, b 7, and c 20 47 c. a 2, b 8, and c 5 24
3 2
6. Make a scale drawing of your classroom using an appropriate scale.
Answers will vary.

7. Use your scale drawing to determine how many square meters of tile would be needed to install a new floor in your classroom.
91 9
Glencoe Algebra 1
5. Create a rational expression with three variables and an absolute value. Choose values for the variables and evaluate your expression. See students work.
Answers will vary.

Chapter 1
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1. The graph represents the speed of a car as it travels to the grocery store. Identify the independent and dependent variable. Then describe what is happening in the graph.
Speed Time
3. In your own words, tell what is meant by the terms dependent variable and independent variable. Use the example below.
dependent variable the distance it takes to stop a motor vehicle d is a function of independent variable the speed at which the vehicle is traveling s
Ind: time; dep: speed. The car starts from a standstill, accelerates, then travels at a constant speed for a while. Then it slows down and stops.
2. The graph represents the balance of a savings account over time. Identify the independent and the dependent variable. Then describe what is happening in the graph.
Account Balance (dollars)
Sample answer: The value of the dependent variable is a result of the value of the independent variable. Since d is a result of s, d is the dependent variable and s is the independent variable.
Ind: time; dep: balance. The account balance has an initial value then it increases as deposits are made. It then stays the same for a while, again increases, and lastly goes to 0 as withdrawals are made.
3. The graph represents the height of a baseball after it is hit. Identify the independent and the dependent variable. Then describe what is happening in the graph.
Height
Time

4. In the alphabet, x comes before y. Use this fact to describe a method for remembering how to write ordered pairs. Sample answer: Since x comes before y, when
writing ordered pairs, write the x value before the y value.

64
Ind: time; dep: height. The ball is hit a certain height above the ground. The height of the ball increases until it reaches its maximum value, then the height decreases until the ball hits the ground.
Chapter 1
Time
Chapter 1
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Glencoe Algebra 1
Answers
Lesson 1-9
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-9

Functions and Graphs
1-9


Read the introduction to Lesson 1-9 in your textbook. The numbers 25%, 50% and 75% represent the
Interpret Graphs
through 10 represent the
percent of blood flow to the brain and the numbers 0 number of days after the concussion .
A function is a relationship between input and output values. In a function, there is exactly one output for each input. The input values are associated with the independent variable, and the output values are associated with the dependent variable. Functions can be graphed without using a scale to show the general shape of the graph that represents the function. Example 1 The graph below represents the height of a football after it is kicked downfield. Identify the independent and the dependent variable. Then describe what is happening in the graph.
Height Time Time
Read the Lesson

1. Write another name for each term. a. coordinate system coordinate plane b. horizontal axis x-axis c. vertical axis y-axis 2. Identify each part of the coordinate system.
y
Example 2 The graph below represents the price of stock over time. Identify the independent and dependent variable. Then describe what is happening in the graph.
Price
Answers
y-axis
The independent variable is time, and the dependent variable is height. The football starts on the ground when it is kicked. It gains altitude until it reaches a maximum height, then it loses altitude until it falls to the ground. Exercises
The independent variable is time and the dependent variable is price. The price increases steadily, then it falls, then increases, then falls again.
A31
Glencoe Algebra 1
(Lesson 1-9)
origin
x-axis
Cost ($)
Length (inches)
20
21
23
23
24
a. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
Value ($)
Total Cost ($)
12 15 18
20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 13,000
4. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
ind: age; dep: length
b. Write a set of ordered pairs representing the data in the table.
a. Identify the independent and dependent variables. ind: age; dep: value b. Draw a graph showing the relationship between age and value. Is the function discrete or continuous?
Value (thousands of $) 22 20 18 16 14 12 0 1 2 3 4 Age (years) 5
independent : number of shirts; dependent: total cost

5. Write the ordered pairs the table represents.
(0, 20), (1, 21), (2, 23), (3, 23), (4, 24)
c. Draw a graph showing the relationship between age and length.
25 Length (inches) 24 23 22 21 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 Age (months)
(2, 3), (4, 6), (6, 9), (8, 12), (10, 15), (12, 18)
6. Draw a graph of the data.
Total Cost ($) 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Number of Shirts
The function is discrete.
7. Use the data to predict the cost for washing and pressing 16 shirts. $24
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Lesson 1-9
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-9

(continued)
1-9
Skills Practice
2. The graph below represents a puppy exploring a trail. Describe what is happening in the graph. Is the function discrete or continuous?
Distance from Trailhead Time Time
Draw Graphs You can represent the graph of a function using a coordinate system. Input and output values are represented on the graph using ordered pairs of the form (x, y). The x-value, called the x-coordinate, corresponds to the x-axis, and the y-value, or y-coordinate corresponds to the y-axis. A discrete function is a function whose graph consists of points that are not connected. When a function can be graphed with a line or smooth curve, it is a continuous function.
A music store advertises that if you buy 3 CDs at the regular price of $16, then you will receive one CD of the same or lesser value free. a. Make a table showing the cost of buying 1 to 5 CDs.
Number of CDs Total Cost ($) 1 16 2 32 3 48 4 48 5 64
1. The graph below represents the path of a football thrown in the air. Describe what is happening in the graph.
Height
Example
c. Draw a graph that shows the relationship between the number of CDs and the total cost. Is the function discrete or continuous?
CD Cost
80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of CDs 6
The football is thrown upward from above the ground, reaches its maximum height, and then falls downward until it hits the ground.
b. Write the data as a set of ordered pairs. (1, 16), (2, 32), (3, 48), (4, 48), (5, 64)
The function is discrete.
3. WEATHER During a storm, it rained lightly for a while, then poured heavily, and then stopped for a while. Then it rained moderately for a while before finally ending. Which graph represents this situation? C A B C
Total Rainfall Time Total Rainfall Time Total Rainfall Time
The puppy goes a distance on the trail, stays there for a while, goes ahead some more, stays there for a while, then goes back to the beginning of the trail. The function is continuous.
Answers
A32
Glencoe Algebra 1
Exercises 1. The table below represents the length of a baby versus its age in months.
Age (months) 0 1 2 3 4
(Lesson 1-9)
2. The table below represents the value of a car versus its age.
Age (years)
LAUNDRY For Exercises 47, use the table that shows the charges for washing and pressing shirts at a cleaners.
Number of Shirts
10 12
Number of cookies
Number of cookies
Time
Time
As the tsunami approaches shore, the height of the wave increases more and more quickly.
Life expectancy (years)
The student steadily answers questions, then pauses, resumes answering, pauses again, then resumes answering.
Number of cookies
gallons of syrup
4 3 2 1
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 x
Number of Months Total Cost ($)
1 4.50
2 9.00
WEATHER For Exercises 57, use the

following information. One way to estimate the distance of a thunderstorm is to count the number of seconds that pass from the sight of a flash of lightning until thunder is heard. Divide this number by 5 to get the approximate distance (in miles) of the storm. 5. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
13.50 18.00 22.50
4. Write the ordered pairs the table represents.(1, 4.5), (2, 9), (3, 13.5), (4, 18), (5, 22.5)
gallons of sap
Total Cost ($)
5. Draw a graph of the data. Is the function discrete or continuous? The function is discrete.
27.00 22.50 18.00 13.50 9.00 4.50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Months
6. Use the data to predict the cost of subscribing for 9 months. $40.50
3. SALES TAX The graph below shows the amount of tax paid on items of a certain cost. Name the independent and dependent variables.
Sales Tax amount of tax ($) y 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
Independent: seconds counted Dependent: distance of storm
7. SAVINGS Jennifer deposited a sum of money in her account and then deposited equal amounts monthly for 5 months, nothing for 3 months, and then resumed equal monthly deposits. Sketch a reasonable graph of the account history.
Account Balance ($)
Independent: cost of item Dependent: amount of tax

cost of item ($)
6. Suppose you can generally hear thunder up to 10 miles away. Identify an appropriate domain and range for this situation.
Domain: 0 to 50 s Range: 0 to 10 mi continuous
Time
7. Is the function discrete or continuous?
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Answers
Lesson 1-9
Chapter 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
1-9
Practice
2. The graph below represents a student taking an exam. Describe what is happening in the graph.
Number of Questions Answered
1-9

4. AGING A person born in the early 1800s had a life expectancy of about 37 years. With improvements in medical care and pharmaceuticals, life expectancy has increased significantly. In 1900, it rose to 48 years and in 2006 to almost 78 years. Draw a reasonable graph showing the change in life expectancy.
Sales Tax
x
1. The graph below represents the height of a tsunami (tidal wave) as it approaches shore. Describe what is happening in the graph.
Height
1. BAKING Identify the graph that shows the relationship between the number of cookies and the equivalent number of dozens.
Graph A
y y
Graph B
y
Graph C
y 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
Number of dozens
Number of dozens
Number of dozens
Graph B
2. NATURE It takes about 40 gallons of sap from maple trees to make 1 gallon of syrup. Let the number of gallons of sap be the independent variable. Draw a reasonable graph showing the number of gallons of syrup produced from a given amount of sap.
Maple Syrup y 6
Answers
3. FOREST FIRES A forest fire grows slowly at first, then rapidly as the wind increases. After firefighters answer the call, the fire grows slowly for a while, but then the firefighters contain the fire before extinguishing it. Which graph represents this situation? B A B C
Area Burning Area Burning Time Time Area Burning Time
A33
Glencoe Algebra 1
35
1800 1900 2006 x
(Lesson 1-9)
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Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. 8 increased by three times a number

6. the difference of 17 and 5 times a number

8. two fifths the cube of a number

15. 72 49 17. 73 343

16. 44 256 18. 113 1331

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____

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Evaluate each expression. Evaluate each expression. 9. 82 64 10. 34 81 12. 33 27 14. 24 16

9. 112 121 12. 45 1024 15. 105 100,000

10. 83 512 13. 93 729 16. 123 1728

11. 54 625 14. 64 1296 17. 1004 100,000,000

11. 53 125 13. 102 100

the product of 23 and f

2 more than 5 times m squared

4 times d cubed minus 10

the product of 9 and a

times y to the fourth power one sixth of the fifth power of k

b squared minus 3 times c cubed one seventh of 4 times n squared

the sum of c and twice d 2 times b squared

the difference of 4 and 5 times h 1 less than 7 times x cubed

p to the fourth power plus 6 times q

3 times n squared minus x

1. How many toothpicks does it take to create each figure?

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Word Problem Practice

3. Sketch the next three figures in the pattern.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6136 or about 198 shows per year y

4. Continue the pattern to complete the table.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. What does evaluate powers mean? Use an example to explain.

Multiply left to right. Add 6 and 32.

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Lesson Reading Guide

Study Guide and Intervention

Get Ready for the Lesson

Evaluate Rational Expressions

Evaluate each expression.

Evaluate each expression.

Read the Lesson

parentheses, brackets, braces, and fraction bars

Multiply 2 and 4. Add 7 and 8. Subtract 4 from 15.

b. 3(2) 4(2 6) 3(2) 4(2 6) 3(2) 4(8) 6 32

Divide 12 by 3. Find 4 squared. Add 2 and 16. Multiply 3 and 18.

a. 400 5[12 9] addition b. 26 8 14 subtraction c. 17 3 6 multiplication d. 69 57 3 16 4 division e. multiplication f. evaluate powers 2

Exercises Evaluate each expression. 1. (8 4) 2 8 4. 10 8 1 18 7. 12(20 17) 3 6 18 2. (12 4) 6 96 5. 15 12 4 12 8. 24 3 2 32 7

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3. 10 2 3 16 6. 3 9. 82 (2 8) 2 6 12. 6 15. 2 35 18. 3

Remember What You Learned

10. 32 3 22 7 20 5 27 11. 1 13. 250 [5(3 7 4)] 2 16. 1

Eexponents (powers), Mmultiply, Ddivide, Aadd, Ssubtract

Exercises Evaluate each expression if x 2, y 3, z 4, a , and b .

11. 14 7 5 32 1 13. 4[30 (10 2) 3] 24

12. 6 3 7 23 22 14. 5 [30 (6 1)2] 10 16. [8 2 (3 9)] [8 2 3] 6

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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