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Single Replacement Reactions Lab Unit 3: Chemical Reactions Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals

are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Part II: Reactions with Acids Materials: Metals: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium

Solution: hydrochloric acid

Procedures: 1. Determine where H+ should be placed on an activity series by comparing the relative amount of bubbling when added to metals. 2. Create a data table and record your results.

Cu(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Ag(NO3) HCl

Cu NR NR NR NR Silver (dark grey) NR

Mg Green, bubbles NR NR Darker Darker brown Small bubbles

Zn Turned grey NR NR Darker Darker gold NR

Pb Darker color Darker color NR NR Darker black NR

Ag NR NR NR NR NR NR

Ca Bubbles, steam/blue bubbles Bubbles, steam, white Bubbles, steam, white Bubbles, steam, black Bubbles, white

Part III: Demonstration Your teacher will demonstrate Calcium metal in acid. Write down your observations When Calcium metal reacted with hydrochloric acid, the metal turned white, and bubbles were produced. Discussion Questions 1. From Part I: Which of the metals gave (a) four reactions: Magnesium (d) One reactions: Copper (b) three reactions: Zinc and lead (e) No reaction: Silver (c) two reactions: None Use the answers from above to list the five metals in order of decreasing reactivity. 2. From Part II: Describe the order of metals from those that bubble most to those that bubble least, or not at all. List the five metals in decreasing order of reactivity. Place hydrogen into the list. All calcium metals bubbled, when magnesium metal was put in Copper nitrate and hydrochloric acid it bubbled, and the other metals did not produce bubbles. If we place the metals in the order of reactivity it would be: Calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, hydrogen, copper, and then silver. 3. Compare the order of reactivity of metals from Part II with all of the metals in Part I and describe any relationships you can discover. Create a final list of reactivity in order of decreasing reactivity. If we place the metals in order of decreasing reactivity it would be, calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, copper, and then silver. 4. From Part III: place calcium in your list of reactivity. Compare this order with that of the reactivity series from your notes. Outline similarities and differences. Suggest several reasons for what might explain any differences. Calcium, magnesium, zinc, lead, hydrogen, copper, and then silver. If we compare this to the reactivity chart, it is in the correct order of most reactive to least reactive, the only difference is that the reactivity series from my notes have other metals in between the metals listed above. 5. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu Mg + Pb2+ Mg2+ + Pb Mg + Ag+ + Mg2+ + Ag Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + 2H Mg + Zn2+ Mg 2+ + Zn Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zn + Pb2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zn + Ag+ Zn2+ +Ag Pb + Cu2+ Pb2+ + Cu Pb + Mg2+ Pb2+ + Mg Pb + Ag+ Pb2+ + Ag Ca + Cu2+ Ca2+ + Cu

6. For each of the reactions, determine which substances have been oxidized and which one has been reduced. Oxidized: Cu, Mg, Zn, Pb Reduced: Ag, Cu, Pb, H, Zn, Mg 7. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? The metal could possibly be Sodium, Magnesium, or aluminum because if the metal bubbled in hydrochloric acid, this means that its reactivity is higher than hydrogen, and if no reaction was noticed when put in a

solution of calcium nitrate it means that the metals' reactivity is lower than calcium, and if the metal reacted in zinc chloride its' reactivity is higher than zinc. Therefore the metal could possibly be Sodium, magnesium, or aluminum. Conclusion: In this activity I learned that by putting different metals in different solutions can help you determine the reactivity of that metal, so the metals that had more reactions had higher reactivity, and the metals with less reactions had a lower reactivity.

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