6.

7: Proportions
Objectives: After the learning period, I will be able to 1. Solve a proportion. 2. Solve an application problems involving proportions.

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions

Standards: 12.0 Students simplify fractions with polynomials in the numerator and denominator by factoring both and reducing them to the lowest terms. 13.0 Students add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions and functions. Students solve both computationally and conceptually challenging problems by using these techniques.

Proportions
A proportion is two equal ratios; that is, if a and c are ratios, d b then: a c is a proportion. b d

Proportions
1st term 2nd term

a c b d

3rd term 4th term

Means-Extremes Property If a, b, c, and d are real numbers with b 0 and d 0, then if a c then ad = bc .

Example: Solve the proportion for x.

x 1 5 x2 3

3x 1 5x 2

3x 3 5x 10

2x 7 x 7

7 1 5 2 7 2 3 2 5 2 5 true 3 3 2
So the solution is x 7 2

Example: Solve the proportion.

If a 170-pound person weighs approximately 65 pounds on Mars, how much does a 9000-pound satellite weigh?
170 - pound person on Earth 65 - pound person on Mars 9000 - pound satellite on Earth x - pound satellite on Mars

170x 9000 65
170x 585,000

x 585000/ 170 x 3441 pounds

Example: Solve the proportion.

Given the following prices charged for various sizes of chili sauce, find the best buy.
10 ounces for $0.99 16 ounces for $1.69 30 ounces for $3.29v

Example: cont.
Size 10 ounces 16 ounces 30 ounces Price $0.99 $1.69 $3.29 Unit Price $0.99/10 = $0.099 $1.69/16 = $0.105625 $3.29/30 $0.10967

The 10 ounce size has the lowest unit price, so it is the best buy.

Guided Practice - Classwork Problem Set 6.7, TB p. 383 Numbers 6, 16, 22, 26

Direct and Inverse Variation

Definition: A direct variation is describe by an equation of the form y = kx, where k 0, constant of variation. An inverse variation is described by an equation of the form xy = k, where k 0.

Example:
1. If y varies directly as x and y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 7.

Solution: Direct variation: y = kx 12 = k(4) 3=k

Substitute k = 3, y = kx y = 3(7) y = 21

Example:
2. If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 12, find x when y = 4.

Solution: Inverse variation: xy = k 12(3) = k 36 = k

Substitute k = 36, xy = k x(4)= 36 x=9

IFL
The concept of ratio and proportion has a wide application in real life. Live according to your means. Do not spend more than what you have or else you will be in debt. (Dr. E. M. Role)

Individual Practice - Homework Problem Set 6.7, TB pp. 383-384 Multiples of 4 (numbers 4, 8,, 32)

Credits: Martin Gay Developmental Mathematics