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Bu;D udk awGUwmeJY olu idNk y;D avQmufw,f/]t&Sib f &k m;?
'umBuD;awmh rMumcifuyJ qkH;oGm;NyD bk&m;}wJh/
bkef;BuD;udk ol tcsdefqGJvkdY &ayr,hf aorif;

udkawmh aps;qpfvkdY r&bl;aemf/ wpfcgrSukd w&m;
tm;rxkwjf zpfvu dk w f mtajctaeay;vsuo f m;eJ?Y eD;pyf
vsuof m;eJt
Y csed q
f aJG e&if;aorif;aemufygoGm;wmav/
'gaMumifh bkef;BuD;wkdYy&dowf tcGifhta&; &

wke;f &cku
d rf mS tjrefq;Hk BuKd ;pm;Muyg&oif&h xku
d w
f w
hJ &m;
awG? odoifo h x
d u
dk w
f hJ w&m;awG odjrifNy;D ouúm,-
'd|dukd y,fzkdY BudK;pm;tm;xkwfyg/
ta&;BuD;qkH; w&m;
bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf vl&,fvYdk jzpfvmMuwJt
h csed f
rSm om;a&;orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;? tdraf xmifa&;? ynm
a&;? usef;rma&;? rD;a&; xif;a&;? rif;pkd;a&;qkdNyD;
ta&;udpöawGtifrwefrsm;vSygw,f us,fjyefYyg
w,f/ udpörsm;ajrmif vlwkdYabmifaygh/
bkef;BuD; wpfcgwavus&if pOf;pm;Munhfw,f/
wk&Yd [ef;oHCmawGrmS vnf; pmoifay;&? w&m; a[m
ay;&? oma&;ema&; oGm;&vm&? ausmif;wkdufudpö?
w&m;pcef;udpö? omoema&;udpöawGeJY vkH;csm vkduf
ae&wmyJ/
]udprö sm;ajrmif &[ef;abmif}vdaYk wmifajym&rvkd
udk jzpfaeNyDvkdYav/
at;... b,fvydk t J a&;udpaö wGrsm;rsm;?ta&;
tBu;D qk;H u w&m;"r®a&;yg/ udavomawGudk y,fEidk f
a&;yg/
udavomawGry,fEkdifavav ta&;udpöawG
rsm;avavyg/ udavomawG y,foGm;&ifawmh
ta&;awG enf ; enf ; vmr,f a emf / b,f a vmuf
ta&;awG rsm;rsm;? uk, d t
hf a&; ud,
k u hf pd ö ouúm,'d|d
y,fzkdYudkawmh arhrxm;ygeJY/
aozkdYta&; awG;xm;
taZÆ0 udpörmwyÜH
aumZnm r&PH oka0?
e [d aem o*F&H awe
r[maoaee rpöKem/
taZÆ0 = eufjzefra&TU ,ckaeYüyif? tmwyÜ H=
udavom tpkdtap;wkdYukd ajcmufaoGUoGm;apEkdifwJh
vkHYv0D&d,ukd? ud p ö H (umwAÁH) = rem;rae jyKoifhvS
ay\/
udavomy,fzt Ydk a&; b,ftcsed f BuKd ;pm;&rvJ/
ouúm,'d|d y,fzkdYta&; b,ftcsdefBudK;pm;&rvJ/
ouúm,'d|d y,fzt Ydk a&; b,fawmh pwif&rvJ/'DaeYyJ
pçaygh/ ckcsufcsif;om tm;xkwfBudK;pm;aygh/
oka0 = eHeufr;kd aomuf tvif;a&mufvm euf
jzefcgrS? r&PH= ao&rnfu?kd aum =b,fy*k Kd¾ vf onf?
Znm
Znm= wyftyfxifxif BudKwifí odEkdifygtHhenf;/
eufjzef tm;xkwfr,f/ oefbufcg tm;xkwf
r,f/ aeYa&TUna&TU tcsed af wG a&TUraeygeJ/Y ckcsucf si;f ukd
tm;xkwfygaemf/ bmjzpfvkdYwkH;/ eufjzef raobl;vkdY
b,folrS tmr rcHEkdifvkdYyg/ b,folrS rodEkdifvkdYyg/
aemufusoGm;rSm pkd;vkdYyg/
e [d aem o*F&H awe

r[maoaee rpöKem/
r[maoaee = wGif;y0ef;&H tNcHt&H&Sd rsm;
aom ppfonfAv d aom? awe rpöKem
dk yf g &Sx em= xkad o
rif;ESihf? o*F&H = acsmharmhjzm;a,mif;jcif;? wHpdk; vuf
aqmif ay;Ekid jf cif;? jyefvnf&ifqidk f wku
d cf u
dk f Ekid jf cif;
onf? e aem tw¬d(ew¬d {0)= r&S{d uef pifppf rSev f S
ygay\/
aorif;ukd b,folrS r,SOfEkdifbl;/ ppfonfawG

odyrf sm;w,f/ oGm;&if;vm&if; pm;aomuf&if;eJY aoEkid f
w,f/ tema&m*g 0ifa&mufvYdk aoEkid w f ,fowfjzwf
cH& n§i;f qJc&H vkYd aoEkid w
f ,f/ b,fov
Yl ufcsurf eS ;f ukd
rodbl;/ aorif;rSm ppfonfawG trsm;BuD;/
aorif;&,f..cPavmuftcsed af y;ygwpf&uf
ESpf&ufavmuf w&m;usifhNyD;rS ac:ygvm;/ udpöawG
&Si;f oGm;yg&apOD;/ tvkyu f wef;vef;Bu;D jzpfaevkyYd g/
awmif;yefMunfh/ r&Ekdifbl;/
pnf;pdraf wG ykaH y;r,f/ wku
d af wGwmawG pdeaf &T
&wemawG? &mxl;tmPmawG &So d rQ ay;ygr,f/ rac:
ygeJYOD; ajym... r&bl;/
tacsmrh BuKd uw f hJ aorif;?vmbfrpm;wJah orif;?
'Davmufjzpfvw S m &&mvufeufpNk y;D jyefwu dk rf ,fvl
oltiftm;pkNyD; jyefwkdufr,f/ BudK;pm;Munfhyg/ r&
ygbl;/ aorif;ukd b,folrS rEkdifbl;/
'gaMumifh bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf aorif;t&Sif rac:
ao;vkYd use;f rmaepOfumv?touf&iS af epOfumvrSm
w&m;bm0em BudK;pm;rS awmf½kHusygr,f/
raocifav; ouúm,'d|u d dk y,fowfomG ; Ekid f
ygrS tyg,fab;twGuf pdwfat;&ygr,f/
{ xif&Sm;&Sdae cE¨mawG
ouúm, rnfavonf/
ouúm,’d|dqkdwJh ygVdpum;vkH;rSm ouúm,u

wpfv;Hk ? 'd|q
d w
dk m wpfv;Hk wGpJ yfxm;wmyg/ t&ifq;Hk
ouúm,qkdwm bmvJ Munfh&atmif/
ouúm,qkdwm bmvJ
]]oaEÅ d ?hJ uma,m= cE¨m
oaEÅm = xifxif&mS ;&Sm; &Sw
ig;yg;taygif;onf?ouúma,m
a,m=ouúm,rnfygay\/
xif&mS ;pGm&Sad ewJch E¨mig;yg;taygif;onfouúm,/
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;rSm &SdaewJh cE¨mig;yg;onf
ouúm,vkdY ac:ygw,f/
owå0gwkid ;f rSm cE¨m&SMd uw,f/ ig;yg; tjynft
h pkH
r[kwf&ifawmifav;yg;?'grSr[kwftenf;qkH;wpfyg;
awmh &SMd uw,f/ tJ'D cE¨m[m ouúm, yg/ omrefvl
awGrS r[kwfygbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm vnf;&Sdygw,f/
yapöuAk'¨g? &[EÅmawGrSmvnf; ouúm,&Sdw,f/
cE¨mig;yg; odxm;
bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf uk,
d rhf mS &Sad ewJh cE¨mig;yg;ukd
odxm;&ygr,f/ rSerf eS u f efuefukd odxm;zkYd vkyd gw,f/
{ ]]azmufjyefcHpm; rSwfom;jyKjyif
od0dnmOf ig;tif cE¨mrSwf}}
1/ trsdK;rsdK;tzkHzkH azmufjyefwwfwJh ½lyu©E¨m

2/ tm½kH&JUt&omukd cHpm;wwfwJh a0'eu©E¨m
3/ tm½kH&JUoabmudk rSwfom;wwfwJh onmu©E¨m
4/ trsdK;rsdK;tzkHzkH jyKjyifpDrHaewJh ocFg&u©E¨m
5/ txl;xl;tjym;jym; odwJh 0dnmPu©E¨m-&,fvkdY
cE¨mig;yg; &Sdygw,f/
wl&mwl&m aygif;vku d rf ,fq&dk if ½lyu©Em¨ [m½kyf

w&m; ½kycf E¨myg/ usew f ahJ v;yg;uemrfw&m; emrfcE¨m
yg/ ½kyfçemrfESpfyg;vkdYvnf; ajym&if&ygw,f/
cE¨mig;yg; 'grSr[kwf ½kyef mrfEpS yf g;[m xif&mS ;&Sd
wJwh &m;rkYd ouúm,vkYd ac:ygw,f/ouúm,utyg,f
rcsygbl;/
cE¨mawG ½kyef mrfawGu tyg,frydyYk gbl;/ ewf&mG
edAmÁ efuvkd nf; rydEYk idk yf gbl;0dygufcE¨mawG[mtaMumif;
aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJhtusdK;w&m;awGyg/
tusKd ;jzpfwhJ cE¨m½kyef mrf ouúm,awGudk y,fvYdk

vnf; r&ygbl;/ y,f&r,fvv Ydk nf;jrwfpmG bk&m;ra[m
ygbl;aemf/ cE¨m'ku©awGudk rvkdcsifbl;qkd&if cE¨mjzpf
aMumif; w&m;awGudkom y,f&rSmyg/
'gqkd b,fou l tyg,fyo Ydk vJqadk wmh ½kyf emrf

cE¨may:rSmtxifrmS ;tjrifrmS ;eJpY v
JG rf;xifjrifaewJ'h |d d
u tyg,fydkYwmyg/
{ yk*¾dKvfowå0g igxifwm
'd|drnfavonf/
cE¨ m ig;yg;uk d cE¨ m ig;yg;vk d Y rod j rif a tmif
vSnpfh m;wm 'd|yd g/cE¨mig;yg;ukid gyJ?oly?J yk*Kd¾ vo
f wå0gyJ?
a,musmf ;ç rdef;ryJvdkYjrifoGm;atmif tjrif ajymif;ay;
vkdufwm 'd|dyg/
'd|0d ifvmwJth csed rf mS cE¨mqkw
d mukd cE¨mrSe;f rod
awmhygbl;/ om;orD;? ZeD;r,m;? rdwaf qGoil ,fcsi;f ?
nDtpfukd armifESr? rdbaqGrsdK;vkdY jrifvkdufygNyD/
avmuoabmt& ynwfe,frSm rSefayr,fh
y&rwfe,f? w&m;e,frmS awmh'|d 0d if&iftrSm;0ifwmyg
yJtjrifrSm;wmonf'd|d?trSm;jrifwmonf'd|dvuf
csufyg/ [kwfvm;/
tyg,fcswm 'd|d
tyg,fcswm tJ'D tjrifrmS ;'d|u
d tyg,fcswm/
bk&m;? yapöuAk'?¨ &[EÅmawGrmS ouúm,vkaYd c:wJch E¨m
ig;yg;? ½kyef mrfEpS yf g;&Sad omfvnf; txif rSm; tjrifrmS ;
tawG;rSm;wJh 'd|d r&Sv d Ydk tyg,frusygbl;/ aomwmyef
awGawmif'|d u d ydk ,fvu dk v
f t
Ydk yg,fi&Jrusawmhygbl;/
aMumufp&maumif;wm'd|yd gwu,f'u k a© y;wm
'd|yd g/ cE¨mukd cE¨mvdk rjrifbJ igvdYk xif vku d wf ,f?jrif
vkud w f ,f/ ighom;ighorD;? ighZeD; ighr,m;? ight;dk ightrd ?f
ihgrdighzvkdY xifoGm;wm? jrifoGm;wm[m 'd|dyg/
trSefudk trSm;vkyf? trSm;udk trSefxifwJh 'd|d

onfom owå0gawGudkb0wkdif;b0wkdif;rSm'ku©ay;
aewmyg/
ig r[kwf&if uRefawmfwJhvm;
wpfcgu w&m;tm;xkww f hJ a,m*DwpfO;D w&m;
u xGufNyD; tdrfjyefoGm;w,f/ q&mbkef;BuD; u ]]ig
r[kwfbl;? ol r[kwfbl;? yk*¾dKvf owå0g? a,musfm;ç
rde;f r r[kwbf ;l }}vkYd tNrJ a[maeawmh oltawmfav;
em;pGJoGm;w,f/
tdrfa&mufawmh om;orD;awGu 0rf;omtm;&
BuKd qMdk u? xrif;[if; cl;cyfauR;arG;Muawmh olu cyf
wnfwnfBu;D vkyaf ew,fw/hJ om;orD;awGu xrif;
0kdif;xJ twif; vufqGJac:NyD; ]]taz pm;av? taz
pm;av}}vkdY ajymMuawmh olUrSm jyefajymzkdY cufae
w,f/
]]ig r[kwfbl;? ol r[kwfbl;}}qkdawmh b,fvkd

pum;jyef&rvJ? b,fvjdk yefajym&rvJvpYdk Of;pm;aewm/
aemufrS tBuH&NyD; 0rf;omtm;&eJY tJ'D 'um

BuD;u om;orD;awGudk ajymvkdufygw,f/ ]]uRefawmf
rqmao;vkdYyg}}wJh/
bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf igpGJ jzKwv

f u
dk w
f maemf/ rSwf
xm;/ igtpm; uRefawmfvkdY ol okH;vkdufwm &,fp&m
jzpfoGm;a&m/ igeJY uRefawmf bmxl;vkdYvJ? twlwl
r[kwfvm;/ vkdufqkdMunfh -
{ ouúm,&Sd tpGJNid
vm;\ tyg,f&Gm/
ouúma, 'd|d ouúm, 'd|d/
ouúma, = xifxif&mS ;&Sm;&Sad ewJh cE¨mig;yg;ü?

'd|d = igç olwpfyg;ç a,musmf ;ç rde;f rvdYk xifjrif aejcif;
onf? ouúm,'d|d = tyg,frsKd ;aph ouúm, 'd|d jzpfyg
avawmh\/
ouúm,uvnf; xif&Sm;&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dtay:
rSmvnf; txifrmS ; tjrifrmS ; 'd|u d Niwd , G v
f udk f w,f
aemf/xifxif&Sm;&Sm;&SdaewJhcE¨mig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;
tay:rSm igç olwpfyg;ç a,musmf ;ç rde;f r ponftxif
rSm;vkud wf ,fq&dk if bmjzpfomG ;vJ? ouúm,'d|jd zpfomG ;
w,f/ olurS tyg,fi&Judk ydkYwJh w&m;cHtppf/
wpfoHo&mvkH; aevmcJh
bkef;BuD;wkdYy&dowf vlwkdif;vlwkdif; wpfoHo&m
vk;H aevmMuwm tJ'o D uúm,'d|Bd u;D eJY aevmMuwm/
b0qufwkdif; rcGJrcGmukd aevmMuwmyg/
vljY ynf? ewfjynf? jA[®mjh ynf b,fae&mukd oGm;
oGm;olygw,foyl gvkv Yd nf;b,fb0a&mufaea&muf
ae? b,fvcdk sr;f omrsKd ; cHpm;ae cHpm;ae tyg,fi&Judk
awmh vSr;f Ny;D rsuaf pmif;xk;d ae&w,f/ pdwaf t;vuf
at; raeEkdifbJ pdwfylyefae&ygw,f/
taotcsm ppfaq;Munfh
tjrifrSm;BuD;eJY vl&,f? ewf&,f? a,musmf ;? rde;f r?
ig? olwpfyg;&,fvkdY ac:aeMu pdwfxifaeMuayr,fh
bkef;BuD;wkdYy&dowfvlvkdYac:MuwJh½kyfcE¨mBuD;ukdcGJ
zsufMunfhvkdufyg/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm ay;xm;wJh okH;q,fhESpf
aum|mo "mwfceJG nf;eJY cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm Munhrf ,fq&dk if-
qHyif? tarG;? ajconf;? vufonf;? oGm;? ta&?

tom;? taMum? t½kd;? ½kd;wGif; jcifqD? tn§d? ESvkH;?
tom;? tajr§;? tqkwf? tlr? tlodrf? tpmopf?
tpma[mif;? OD;aESmufpwJh tpdwt f ykid ;f awGom &Syd g
w,f/
vlqw dk mukd &SmvkYd r&ygbl;/ &SmvkYd rawGUygbl;/
uk,
d t
f *Fg tpdwtf ykid ;f awG aygif;pkxm;wmukv d v
l jYdk rif
aeMuwmyg/ tjrifrSm;yg/ 'd|dvufcsufyg/
tdrfeJY Oyrm,l
bkef;BuD;wkdYy&dowf tdrfeJYOyrmxm;MunfhMu&
atmif? tdrq f w
dk hJ tdru
f dk vufeYJ axmufMunf/h b,f
[m tdrv f ?J b,f[m wku d vf v
J Ydk vufnK§d ;eJY axmuf&mS
Munfh/ rawGUbl;/
'gu opfom;? 'gu tkwfeH&H? 'gu wkdif? 'gu
oGy?f 'gu wHcg;? 'gujywif;ayguf?tdrrf awGUawmhb;l /
tdrfukd &SmvkdY r&awmhbl;/ opfawG? oHawG? oGyfawG?
eH&aH wG? tkwaf wG aygif;Ny;D tdrv f Ykd awmh ac:Muw,f/
tdrf&Sm r&bl;/
rsupf ?d em;? ESm? t*FgajcvufawG aygif;Ny;D ig?ol?

a,musfm;? rdef;r ajymMuw,f/ vl b,frSmvJ? &Sm
Munfhprf;yg/
vufu vlvm;? r[kwfbl;/

OD;acgif;u vlvm;? r[kwfbl;/
cE¨mukd,fBuD;u vlvm;qkd&ifvnf; r[kwf bl;/
rsupf u
d vlvm;...?em;uvlvm;..?ESmacgif;u
vlvm;qkd&ifvnf; r[kwfjyefbl;/
tJ'gawG tm;vkH;[m ½kyfawGyJ/ ½kyftrIefawG
aygif;pkNy;D yko
H @meftrsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfaewmta&miftqif;
trsdK;rsdK; jzpfaewm/
taotcsm &Sm&if ]vl}&SmvkrYd awGUawmhb;l aemf/
r&Sdwmukd t&Sdvkyf? r[kwfwmukd t[kwfvkyf?

rrSew
f mudt k rSex
f ifatmifvnS phf m;aewm?rsuv
f n
S jfh y
ovkd vSnfhpm;vkdufwm 'd|dyg/
ouúm,'d|qd w dk t
hJ xifrmS ;tjrifrmS ;ygvkb
Yd ek ;f Bu;D
wkyYd &dowfoad tmifjrifatmiftm;xkw&f ygr,f/tyg,f
wHcg;Bu;D udt
k aotcsmydwx f m;csi&f ifouúm,'d|t d pGJ
jyKwfatmif tm;xkwfMu& ygr,f/
ig xifwJh trSm;
bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf vG,v f ,G ef YJ em;vnf atmif
ajym&&if ouúm,'d|q d w
dk m cE¨mig;yg;ukd igvkYd xifwhJ
trSm;yg/ ½kyef mrfw&m;awGukd igvdYk xifaewJt h rSm;Bu;D
yg/
tckw&m;tm;xkwMf uwmtrSm;jyifaeMuwmyg/
aeYpOfaeYwkdif;? b0wkdif; b0wkdif;u rSm;vm wJh? euf
eufeJeJudk rSm;vmwJh trSm;ukd trSefjyifaeMuwmyg/
]]trSm; Mumawmh trSex f if? trSm; jrifwhJ trSef
a&muf}}wJ/h bke;f Bu;D wkyYd &dowf trSejf rif atmif Munhf
yg/ trSm; aysmufoGm;atmif ½IrSwfyg/
tdrrf mS aewke;f u a&rd;k csKd ;? oeyfcg;vl;? Nz;D vdr;f
jyifqifNy;D &if bmvkad eao;vJ? b,fae&mrSm csKd U,Gi;f
csuf &Sad eovJvYdk odatmif rSeMf unhMf uygw,f/ tcsKd ;
us rus? ykpH H us rus odatmif rSex f J rSm uk,
d ½hf yk o
f iG f
ukd MunfhMuw,f/
w&m;tm;xkww f mvnf; rSeMf unfo h vkyd gyJ/ighrmS
bmawG rSm;aeovJ? bmawG csKd U,Gi;f aeovJoad tmif
bk&m;ay;wJh "r®aMu;rkH w&m;rSefukd Munfhaewmyg/
w&m;rSeBf u;D axmifxm;Ny;D awmh trSejf rifatmif
MunfhaeMuwmyg/ igç olwpfyg;ç a,musfm;ç rdef;rvkdY
jrifaewm[m trSm;jrifyg/ cE¨mig;yg;? ½kyef mrfw&m;vkYd
jrifaewm?½Iaewm[mtrSejf rifygtjrifreS o f r®m'd|yd g/
ouúm,'d|dudk or®m'd|djzpf atmif jyif&rSmyg/
{ ½kyfemrf½Ium rSefjrifvm
'd|duGmawmhonf/
½kyfemrfvkdY trSefjrif&if ouúm,'d|d uGmoGm;yg

w,f/tyg,fi&JrsdK;aphjyefNyD;tyifraygufEkdifavmuf
atmif ysufpD;oGm;ygw,f/
cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;
a&SUem;rSm bke;f Bu;D ajymcJyh gw,f/ cE¨mig;yg;ukd
wl&mwl&maygif;&if ½kycf E¨mwpfyg;eJY emrfcE¨m av;yg;&
ygw,f/ ½kycf E¨monf ½kyw f &m;? emrfcE¨m av;yg;onf
emrfw&m;qkad wmh ½kyw f &m;eJY emrf w&m;om trSe&f dS
w,fvkdYaemf/
w&m;½IrSwf tm;xkwfw,fqkdwm ½kyfw&m;udk
½kyv
f Ydk odaewm?emrfw&m;udek mrfvo Ydk ad ewm?odatmif
vkyfaewmyg/
cE¨mig;yg;udk cE¨mig;yg;vkYd odem;vnfomG ;&if½yk f
emrfw&m;ukd ½kyfemrfw&m;vkdY oabmaygufoGm; &if
trSefjrifwmygyJ/
½IrSwfae&if uGmae
½IrSwfaewJhtcsdef[m 'd|duGmaewJhtcsdef/ t½I
trSwf vGwfaewJhtcsdef? trSwfwrJhaewJh tcsdef 'd|d
jyef0ifvmw,f/ owdvpfvu Ydk dk r&bl;/ vpfwmeJY 0if
vmwmyJ/
acsmif;aew,f/ olu tNrw J rf; tvpfacsmif;ae
w,f/ b,ftcsdef vpfoGm;rvJ? vpfwmeJY 0ifrSmyJ/
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