1

NAKSHATRASUKTA

taittiryabrahmaam|aakam3prana1
taittiryasahit|ka3praphaka5anuvkam1

o||agnirnaptukttik|nakatradevamindriyam|idams
vicakaam|havirsajuhotana|yasyabhntiramayoyasyaketava|
yasyemvivbhuvannisarv|sakttikbhirabhisavasna|agnirno
devassuvitedadhtu||1||

OM,Agnishouldprotectus[as]Krittik[constellation];
Thedivineconstellation[is]companionofIndra,
Andofthatitisaradiantvision.
YoushouldoffertheofferingtotheFire,
Whoseraysshine,whoseflames[shine]!
Whoseworldsarealltheseworlds,
HeisimbeddedintheconstellationKrittik,
Agni,theGod,shouldsetusontherightPath!

Vocabulary:
agni,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofagni;
na,us,orourincl.,ofasmad,pers.,pron.,Acc.,Dat.,Gen.,plur.;
Wecanreadthefirstlineas:AgnishouldprotectourKrittikaconstellation,
ptu,shouldprotect;Imperative,3pers.,sing.,ofp,2.P.,toprotect;
kttik,Nom.,plur.,f.pl.N.ofaconstellation(thePleiads,originallythefirst,
butinlatertimesthethirdlunarmansion,havingAgniasitsregent;this
constellation,containingsixstars,issometimesrepresentedasaflameorasa
kindofrazororknife;fortheiroldestnamesseeTS.iv,4,5,1;inmythol.the
sixKrittikasarenymphswhobecamethenursesofthegodofwar,Karttikeya)
AV.TS.
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.,
devam,Nom.,sing.,n.;
indriyam,Nom.,sing.,n.;relatingtoIndra;
idam,this;Nom.,sing.,n.,ofidam,this;
s,ofthem,Gen.,plur.,f.;ofadas,that;
vicakaam,seeingclearly;Nom.,sing.,n.,mfn.conspicuous,visible,bright,
radiant,splendidRV.AV.Br.
havis,offering;Nom.,sing.,n.;fromhu,3.U.,tooffer;tosacrifice;
sa,corrupt.fors,ofthem,Gen.,plur.,f.;ofadas,that;
juhotanayoushouldoffer,2pers.,plur.,Imper.,fromhu,toofferanoblation;

yasya,ofwho;Gen.,sing.,m.,
bhnti,shine,3.Plur.,Pres.,ofbh,2.P.,toshine;
ramayo,rays,Nom.,Plur.,m.,oframi,m.,ray;
ketava,flames,Nom.,Plur.,m.,ofketu,m.,flame,sign,etc.
yasyaim,im,Ved.,imni,these,Nom.,plur.,n.,ofidam.,this;
viv,all,universal;Ved.,vivni,Nom.,plur.,n.,ofviva,all;
bhuvanni,theworlds;Nom.,plur.,n.,ofbhuvana,n.,world.;
sarv,allVed.,sarvi,Nom.,plur.,n.,ofsarva,all;
sa,he,Nom.,sing.,m.,oftad,that;
kttikbhi,with/bykttikstars;Inst.,plur.,f.;
abhisavasna,beingtogetherwith,wrappingoneselfby;Nom.,sing.,m.,
Presentparticiple,A.,ofabhisamvas,1.U.;
agni,Nom.,sing.,m.;
na,us;Acc.,plur.,ofinclit.Asmad.,we;
deva,god,Nom.,sing.,m.,
suvite,forgoodpath;Dat.,sing.,n.,ofsuita,goodpath;
dadhtu,shouldestablish,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofdh,3.U.,toestablish;

prajpaterohivetupatn|vivarpbhatcitrabhnu|snoyajasya
suvitedadhtu|yathjvemaaradassavr|rohidevyudagtpurastt|
vivrpipratimodamn|prajpatihavivardhayant|priydevnm
upaytuyajam||2||
OPrajapati,mayRohin,yourwife,approach[you].
Withalltheuniversalforms,Vast,luminous[and]withvariedlight!
SheshouldsetusontherightPathoftheSacrifice,
Sowemayliveourlifeinfullstrength!
Rohin,Goddess,roseintheEast,
Makingalluniversalformsrejoice!
StrengtheningtheLordPrajapatiwiththeoffering,
BelovedoftheGods,sheisapproachingtheSacrifice.

Prajpate,OPrajpati,Voc.,sing.,m.;
rohi,Nom.,sing.,f.;
vetu,shouldapproach;
patn,wife,Nom.,sing.,f.;
vivarp,ofuniversalforms,Bah.,Nom.,sing.,f,ofvivarpa,mfn.;
bhat,vast,Nom.,sing.,f.;
citrabhnu,luminous/consciouslight,Bah.,Nom.,sing.,f.;
s,she,Nom.,sing.,f.,oftad,that;
na,us/ours,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
yajasya,ofsacrifice;Gen.,sing.,m.;
suvite,foreasypath;Loc.,sing.,m/n;ofsuita,pppofI,2.P.,togo;
dadhtu,shouldestablish,Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofdh,3.U.,toestablish;
yath,ind.,as;
jvema,weshouldlive,Opt.,1pers.,plur.,ofjv,1.P.,tolive;
aradas,years/autumns;Acc.,plur.,ofarad,m.,autumn,year;
savr,fullofrigour;Nom.,plur.,m.,Bah.;
rohi,Nom.,sing.,f.;
dev,Nom.,sing.,f.;
udagt,rose,Aor.,3pers.,sing.,fromudg,3.P.,torise;
purastt,ind.,infront,intheeast;
viv,all/universal,Nom.,plur.,n.,
rpi,forms,Nom.,plur.,n.;
pratimodamn,enjoying;Nom,sing.,f.,PresentParticipleAtmanepadaof
pratimud,1.A.,enjoy;torejoiceat,welcomewithjoy,begladtosee(with
acc.,rarelygen.)RV.
prajpati,Acc.,sing.,m.,

havi,byoffering;Inst.,sing.,n.,
vardhayant,growing;Pres.,Part.,Nom.,sing.,f;fromvdh,Caus.,make
grow;
priy,beloved,Nom.,sing.,f.,ofpriya,mfn.,dear,beloved;
devnm,ofgods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
upa,ind.,near;
ytu,shouldgo;Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofy,2.P.,togo;
yajam,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;

somorjmgareagan|ivanakatrapriyamasyadhma|
pyyamnobahudhjaneu|retaprajyajamnedadhtu|yatte
nakatramgaramasti|priyarjanpriyatamapriym|tasmaite
somahavividhema|annaedhidvipadeacatupade||3||

KingSomacomeswiththeMrigashirsha,
Auspiciousconstellation,[for]hisrealmisdear[toall].
Growingstronginmanydifferentwaysinthecreatures/people,
MayheestablishinYajamna(whooffers)theseed[productiveof]offspring;
WhatyourconstellationMrigashirshais,
OKing,mostdearamongthedearones,
Tothat[constellation]ofyours,OSoma,weshalloffertheoffering,
Beblissfultothetwofootedandfourfooted!

Soma,Nom.,sing.,m.;
Rj,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofrjan,king;
mgarea,byMrigashirsha;Inst.,sing.,m;
gan,came,Ved.,Imperf.,3pers.,plur.,ofgam,1.U.,tocome;
iva,auspicious,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
priyam,dear,Nom.,sing.,n.,
asya,ofthis,Gen.,sing.,m./n.;
dhma,realm,Nom.,sing.,n.;
pyyamno,growingstrong,Pres.,Part.,Atm.,ofpyai,Caus.,A.,increase;
bahudh,ind.,inmanyways;
janeu,amongmen,Loc.,plur.,m.,
reta,flow(ofsemen),seed;Acc.,sing.,n.;
praj,offspring,Acc.,plur.,f.;
yajamne,insacrificer,Loc.,sing.,m.,
dadhtu,shouldestablish,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofdh,3.U.,toestablish;
yat,what,relat.,pron.,Nom.,sing.,n.,
te,toyou,Dat.,sing,m.,encl.,oftvad,you;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.,
mgaram,Nom.,sing.,n.,
asti,is;3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofas,2.P.,tobe;
priya,dear,Nom.,sing.,n.,
rjan,OKing,Voc.,sing.,m.,
priyatama,mostdear,Nom.,sing.,n.,
priym,ofthedearones,Gen.,plur.,n.,
tasmai,tohim,Dat.,sing.,m.,fromtad,that;

te,your;Gen.,sing.,m.,oftvad;
soma,OSoma,Voc.,sing.,m.;
havi,byoffering;Inst.,sing.,m.;
vidhema,weshouldoffer/worship;Opt.,plur.,1pers.,ofvidh,6.P.,to
worship;
amnaedhi,beauspiciousforus;edhi,Imper.,2pers.,sing.,ofas,2.P.tobe;
dvipade,totwofooted,Dat.,sing,m.;
catupade,tofourfooted,Dat.,sing.,m.;

rdrayrudraprathamnaeti|rehodevnpatiraghniynm|
nakatramasyahavividhema|mnaprajrrianmotavrn|het
rudrasyapariovaktu|rdrnakatrajuathavirna|
pramucamnauduritniviv|apghaasanudatmartim|||4||

BytheArdraconstellationcomesRudra,whoexpandsbymovingforward,
ThebestofgodsandLordoftheimmortals!
Mayweoffertohisconstellationwith[our]offering!
Mayhenotharmouroffspringandourheroes.
MayRudrasflamespareus!
Ardraconstellationshouldhappilyacceptouroffering!
Alldifficultpathsshouldthusbefreed,
[and]driveawayallwickednessandresistance

Vocabulary:
rdray,by/withArdr,Inst.,sing.,f.;
rdra,wet,moist,soft,tender,fulloffeeling,warm;f.thefourthorsixth
Nakshatraorlunarmansion;
prathamna,expanding,Nom.,sing.,m,Pres.,part,.,ofprath,1.A,tospread
,extend(intrans.;P.trans.andintrans.),becomelargerorwider,increaseRV.
&c.&c.tospreadabroad(asaname,rumour&c.),becomeknownor
celebrated;tocometolight,appear,arise;
rudra,Nom.,sing.,m.,
eti,comes/goes,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofrooti,2.P.,togo;
reha,best,Nom.,sing.,m.;
devn,ofthegods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
pati,Lord,Master;Nom.,sing.,m.;
aghniynm,ofthosewhoshouldnotbekilled\harmed,aghnya,fromhan,
2.P.tokill;
aghniya,m.`"nottobekilled,abull;f.acow;
nakatram,constellation,Nom.,sing.,n.;
asya,his,Gen.,sing.,m.,pronounidam;
havi,withoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.;
vidhema,weshouldworship,1pers.,plur.,Opt.,ofrootvidh,6.P.,toworship;
m,dont,negat.,particle;
na,our,Gen.,plur.,encliticofasmad;
praj,offspring,Acc.,sing.,f.;
rriat,mrriat,shouldnotharm,Aorist,3pers.,sing.,ofri,4.P,toinjure,
hurt,harm,destroy,ruin;(Caus.reayati;aor.arriat),tohurt,injure,harm,
causetomiscarryorfail;

mota,muta,andnot;uta,ind.,and;
vrn,heroes,Acc.,plur.,m.;
het,heti,flame,Nom.,sing.,f.;heti,f.(fr.hi;inlaterlanguagealsom.a
missileweapon,anyweapon(alsopersonified);stroke,woundSy.;Agni's
weapon,flame,light;rapidmotion,shot,impact(ofabowstring);
rudrasya,ofRudra,Gen.,sing.,m.;
pari,ind.,around,
a,us,Ass.,plur.,encl.,ofasmadwe;
vaktu,parivaktu,shouldspare,shouldavoid;Imperat.,3pers.,sing.,
rdr,Nom.,sing.,f.;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
juat,shouldacceptwithhappiness,Imperat.,3pers.,sing.,A.,ofju,to
rejoice;
havir,offering,Acc.,sing.,n.;
na,our;Gen.,plur.,encl.;
pramucamnau,releasingforward,Nom.,dual.,Pres.Part,A.,ofpramuc,
6.U.,torelease;
duritni,theobstacles,Acc.,plur.,n.;
viv,all,Acc.,plur.,n.;
aghaasawicked,Acc.,sing.,m.;aghaasa,mfn.wishingevil,wicked
TBr.
Apanudatm,shouldpush/moveaway,Imperat.,sing.,3pers.,ofrootnud,
6.U.topush;
Artim,Acc.,sing.,mf,ofarti,resistance;

punarnodevyaditispotu|punarvasnapunaretyajam|punarno
devabhiyantusarve|punapunarvohaviyajma|evnadevyaditir
anarv|vivasyabhartrjagatapratih|punarvashavivardhayant|
priyadevnmapyetuptha||5||
AndsoagaintheDivineMotherAditishouldprotect/saveus,
AndthusagainTwoVasus(?IndraandAgni)shouldcometoourSacrifice.
Andallthegodheadsshouldapproachusagain.
Againandagainweoffertheoffering.
AstheDivineMotherAditiapproachesquicklyunobstructed,
Thesupporterofthewholeworld,anditsfoundation;
AgainsheincreasesthetwoVasusby[our]offering,
May[our]journeyruntowardstheBelovedoftheGods.

Note:Thelastlinecanbealsotranslated:
Mayitgotothedearplaceofgods.

Vocabulary:
Punar,ind.again;
Na,our/us;Gen.,Acc.,ofasmad;
Dev,goddess;Nom.,sing.,f.;
Aditi,Aditi,Nom.,sing.,f.;
spotu,shouldsave;Sp,5.P.torelease,extricateordeliverfrom(abl.),save
,gain,win;
vas,twoVasus,Nom.,dual,m.;
et,shouldcome,3pers.,dual.,Imper.,ofrootI,2.P.,tocome,go;
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
punarind.again;
no,our/us;Gen.,Acc.,ofasmad;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
abhiyantu,comeclose;3pers.,plur.,Imperat.,ofabhiI,2.P.,toapproach;
sarve,all,Nom.,plur,m.,ofsarva,every;
puna,,ind.again;
va,your/you,Gen/Acc.,plur.,ofyumad,you;
havi,byoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.,ofhavis;
yajma,maywesacrifice,Imperat.,1pers.,plur.,ofyaj.;
ev,moving,Nom.,sing.,f;eva,mfn.,going,moving,speedy,quickTBr.;m.
course,way(generallyinstr.pl.)RV.theearth,world;
na,ind.,as;
dev,goddess,Nom.,sing.,f.;

10

aditi,thedivineMother,InfiniteConsciousness;Nom.,sing.,f.;
anarv,unobstructed;Nom.,sing.,f.;anarva,mfn.nottobelimited,nottobe
obstructed,irresistibleRV.
vivasya,ofall,Gen.,sing.,m.;
bhartr,supporter,bearer,Nom.,sing.,f.;
jagata,oftheworld,Gen.,sing.,n.;
pratih,foundation,Nom.,sing.,f.;
punar,ind.,again;
vas,thetwoVasus,Nom.,dual,m.;
havi,bytheoffering,Ins.,sing.,n.;
vardhayant,increasing,Pres.,Part.,Nom.,sing.,f.,ofvdh,Caus.;
priya,beloved,Nom./Acc.,sing.,m./n.;
devnm,ofthegods;Gen.,plur.,m.;
apy,only,also;
etu,shouldgo,Imperat.,3pers.,sing.,ofi,2.P.,togo;
ptha,n.aspot,place;food;water;

11

bhaspatiprathamajyamna|tiyanakatramabhisambabhva|
rehodevnptansujiu|dionusarvabhayannoastu|tiya
purastdutamadhyatona|bhaspatirnapariptupact|bdhetm
dveoabhayakutm|suvryasyapatayasyma||6||
Brihaspati,beingbornfirst,hasthusbecometheTishyaconstellation;
Thebestofgodheads,conquerorinbattles,
Mayfearlessnessgrowinalldirections,
Tishyaconstellationinfrontofusandinthemiddle,
Brihaspatishouldthusprotectusfrombehind,
Andthusdestroyhostilityandcreatefearlessness!
Maywebecomethelordsofperfectcourage!

Vocabulary:
bhaspati,Nom.,sing.,m.;
prathama,first,adv.,
jyamna,isborn,Part.,A.,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofjan,4.A.,tobeborn;
tiyanakatram,Tishyaconstellation,Acc.,sing.,m.,;tiya,m.N.ofa
heavenlyarcher(likeKrishanu)andofthe6thNakshatraoftheoldor8thofthe
neworderRV.
abhisambabhva,havebecome,Perfect,3pers.,sing.,ofsambh,1.U.,to
become;
reha,best;Nom.,sing.,m.;
devn,ofthegods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
ptansu,inthebattles,Loc.,sing.,f.,
Ptan,f.battle,contest,strife;ahostilearmament,army;inlatertimesesp.a
smallarmyordivision;
jiu,conqueror;Nom.,sing.,m.;
dia,towardsdirections,Acc.,plur.,f.;
anu,ind.,following,
sarv,towardsall,Acc.,plur.,f.;
abhayam,fearlessness,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,ours/us,Gen./Acc.,ofasmad,we;
astu,shouldbe,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofas,2.P.,tobe;
tiya,Tishya,Nom.,sing.,m.;
purastd,infront,intheeast;ind.;
uta,ind.,and;
madhyata,inthemiddle,ind.;
na,ours/us,Gen./Acc.,ofasmad,we;
bhaspati,Nom.,sing.,m.;

12

naours/us,Gen./Acc.,ofasmad,we;
pariptu,shouldprotectallaround;Imper.,3per.,sing.,ofparip,2.P.,
protect;
pact,behind,inthewest;ind.;
bdhetm,shouldremoveImper.,dual.,3pers.;corrupt.??Shouldbe
bdhatmorbdheta;ofbdh,1.A,topress,force,driveaway,repel,
remove;
dvea,hostility;Acc.,sing.,,n.,dveas,n.aversion,dislike,hostilityfoe,
enemy;
abhaya,fearlessness,Acc.,sing.,m.,
kutm,shouldbedone,Imper.,sing.,3per.,ofk,8.,5.,todo;
suvryasya,ofperfectpower,Gen.,sing.,n.,
pataya,thelords,Nom.,plur.,m.,;ofpati,m.,thelord;
syma,shouldbe,Opt.,plur.,1pers.,ofas,2.P.,tobe.

13

idasarpebhyohavirastujuam|reyemanuyanticeta|ye
antarikapthivkiyanti|tenassarpsohavamgamih|yerocane
sryasypisarp|yedivadevmanusacaranti|yemareanuyanti
kmam|tebhyassarpebhyomadhumajjuhomi||7||
MaythisofferingbehappilyacceptedbytheSerpents;
whoseconsciousnessAshreshaconstellationfollows;
Whothusinhabitearthandmidworld.
They,Serpents,comingrapidlytoourcall,
WhointheshiningrealmofSurya[are]theSerpents,
JointheGoddess[Dawn]towards[thelower]Heaven,
AndwhoseDesiretheAshreshaconstellationfollows,
TothoseSerpentsIoffertheoblationof[my]honeyedsweetness.

Vocabulary:
ida,this,Nom.,sing.,n.;
sarpebhya,forsnakes,Dat.,plur.,m.,ofsarpa,m.,snake;
havir,offering,Nom.,sing.,n.,
astu,shouldbe,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofas,tobe;
juam,desired,loved,accepted;pppofju,6.,tobesatisfiedorpleased;
re,Ashresha,Nom.,sing.,f.;
yem,ofwhom,Gen.,plur.,m.;ofyad,which;
anuyanti,follow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofanui,2.P.,tofollow;
ceta,consciousness;Nom.,sing.,n.;
ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.,ofyad,which;
antarika,MiddleRegion;Acc.,sing.,n.;
pthiv,Earth,Acc.,sing.,f.;
kiyanti,populate,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofki,6.P.,toinhabit;
te,they,Nom.,plur.,m.,oftadthat;
nas,us,Gen.,plur.,m.,;
sarpso,snakes,Nom.,plur.,m.;
havam,offering,call,Acc.,sing.,m.;
gamih,mostapproaching,Nom.,plur.,m.;gamiha,mfn.(superl.)
comingwithpleasureorquicklyRV.approachinganyone(acc.)withgreat
willingnessorrapidityTBr.
ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.;ofyad,which;
rocane,intheshiningregion,Loc.,sing.,,n.;
sryasya,oftheSun,Gen.,sing.,m.;
sarp,thesnakes,Nom.,plur.,m.;
ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.;ofyad,which;

14

diva,heaven,Acc.,sing.,m.,;ofdiv,heaven;
devm,thegoddess,Acc.,sing.,f.;
anusacaranti,theyfollow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofanusamcar,1,tofollow;
yem,ofwhom,Gen.,plur.,m.;
are,Ashresha,Nom.,plur.,f.;rea/lea,m.intimateconnection,
contactembracing,embraceintwining;f.andf.pl.N.oftheseventhNakshatra;
anuyanti,follow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofanuI,2.P.,tofollow;
kmam,thedesire,Acc.,sing.,m.;
tebhyas,forthose,Dat.,plur.,m;oftad,that;
sarpebhyo,forsnakes,Dat.,plur.,m.;
madhumaj,sweetness,Acc.,sing.,n.;madhumat,mfn.possessingor
containingsweetness,sweet,mixedwithhoney;richinhoney,richlyprovided
withthejuiceofflowers;
juhomi,Ioffer,1pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofhu,3.U.,offer,makeanoblation;

15

upahtpitaroyemaghsu|manojavasassuktassukty|tenonakatre
havamgamih|svadhbhiryajaprayatajuantm|yeagnidagdh
yengnidagdh|yemullokapitarakiyanti|ycavidmaymucana
pravidma|maghsuyajasuktajuantm||8||
TheFathersarecalledupon,whoareinMaghconstellation;
TheywiththespeedofMind,welldoingandwellperformingtheirduties,
Speedinguptoourcallofferinginthisconstellation,
ShouldhappilyaccepttheSacrificeoffered[withexclamationof]Svadh;
TheywhomaintainthesacredAgni,andwhomaintainnot,
TheFatherswhoabideinthetranscendentworld,
Whomweknowandknownot,
TheyshouldacceptwellmadeSacrificeintheconstellationofMagh.

Vocabulary:
upaht,invoked,Nom.,plur.,m.,pppofupahve,1.P.toinvoke;
pitara,fathers,Nom.,plur.,m.;ofpit;
ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.;ofyad,which;
maghsu,intheconstellationMagha,Loc.,plur.,f.;magha,m.agift,reward,
bounty;wealth,powerib.;f.(alsopl.),N.ofthesouthor15thnakshatra
(sometimesregardedasawifeoftheMoon)AV.&c.&c.
manojavasa,withthespeedoftheMind,Nom.,plur.,m.,ofmanoj,swiftas
thethought;
suktas,welldoing,Nom.,plur.,m.;ofsukt,doingwell;
sukty,thosewhoshallbedonewell,meaningwell;Nom.,plur.,m.;ofpfp;
suktya,mfn.performingone'sdutiesTBr.
te,they,Nom.,plur.,m.;oftad,that;
na,us,Acc.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
nakatre,intheNakshatra,Loc.,sing.,n.;
havam,invocation,Acc.,sing.,m.;
gamih,Approachingmost;
svadhbhi,bySvadhas,Inst.,plur.,f.;
yaja,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
prayata,offered,Acc.,sing.,m.;prayata,mfn.outstretched,farextended
RV.AV.placedupon(loc.)RV.offered,presented,given,granted,bestowed
RV.&c.&c.piouslydisposed,intentondevotion,wellpreparedforasolemn
rite(withloc.orifc.),rituallypure(alsoappliedtoavesselandaplacepast.
R.),selfsubdued,dutiful,careful,prudent;
juantm,shouldhappilyaccept;Imper.,3pers.,plur.;ofju,6.A.,torejoice,
agree,etc.;

16

ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.;
agnidagdh,whosefireburns,Bah.,Nom.,plur.,m.;agnidagda,mfn.burnt
onafuneralpile;m.pl.aclassofPitriswho,whenonearth,maintaineda
sacredfire;
ye,who,Nom.,plur.,m.;
ngnidagdh,whosefiredoesnotburn;Bah.,Nom.,plur.,m.;
amulloka,thatworld,Acc.,sing.,m.;amum,Acc.,sing.,m.,ofadas,that;
pitara,fathers;Nom.,plur.,m.;
kiyanti,abide,Pres.,3pers.,plur.;ofrootki,6.P.,todwell;
yca,andwhom,Acc.,plur.,m.;ofyad,which;
vidma,weknow,Pres.,1pers.,plur.,ofvid,2.P.toknow;
ynuca,andwhom,Acc.,plur.,m.,ofyad,which;
napravidma,wedontknow,Pres.,1pers.,plur.,ofpravid,2.P.,toknow;
maghsu,intheconstellationMagha,Loc.,plur.,f.;
yaja,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
sukta,wellmade,Acc.,sing.,m.,pppofk;
juantm,shouldhappilyaccept;Imperat.,3pers.,plur.;ofjus,6.A.;

17

gavpatiphalgunnmasitvam|tadaryamanvaruamitracru|tatv
vayasanitrasannm|jvjvantamupasaviema|yenemviv
bhuvannisajit|yasyadevanusayanticeta|aryamrjjarastuvimn
|phalgunnmabhororavti||9||
YouarethelordofherdsoflightbornunderPhalgunconstellation;
That,OAryaman,OVaruna,OMitra,iswonderful!
You,whoaretheBestowerofthegifts,we,
Livingsoulsshouldenter[as]theLivingBeing;
[Itsyou]bywhomalltheseworldsareconquered;
WhoseMind(Consciousness)allgodheads[here]follow,
AryamanKing,ImmortalandAllmighty,
TheBull[who]bellowsinvoking[hisherds]Phalgun.

Vocabulary:
gav,oftheherdsoflight;Gen.,plur.,m.;ofgo,mf,cow,rayoflight;
pati,lord,Nom.,sing.,m.;
phalgunnm,ofPhalgunconstellation,Gen.,plur.,f.;Phalguna,mf()n.
reddish,red;bornundertheNakshatraPhalgun,(sg.du.andpl.);N.ofa
doublelunarmansion(prvanduttar)AV.&c.&c.
asi,youare;Pres.,2pers.,sing.,ofas,2.P.tobe;
tvam,you,Nom.,sing.,oftvad,you;
tad,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
aryaman,OAryaman,Voc.,sing.,m.;
varua,Voc.,sing.,m.;
mitra,Voc.,sing.,m.;
cru,beautiful,Nom.,sing.,n.;
ta,that,Acc.,sing.,m.;
tv,you,Acc.,sing.,oftvad,you;
vaya,we,Nom.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
sanitra,thebestower,Acc.,sing.,m.,ofsanit,bestower;
sannm,ofthegifts,Gen.,plur.,m.,f.,sani,gift,etc.;
jv,livingbeings,Nom.,plur.,m.;
jvantam,theliving,Pres.,Part.,Acc.,sing.,m.;ofjvat;
upa,near;
saviema,shouldenter,Opt.,1pers.,plur.;ofsamvi,6.P.,toenter;
yena,bywhom,Inst.,sing.,m.,ofyad;
im,these;Nom.,plur.,n,;imni,fromidam,this;
viv,all,Nom.,plur.,n.;
bhuvanni,worlds,Nom.,plur.,n.;

18

sajit,conquered,Nom.,plur.,n.,pppofsamji,1.U.,toconquer;
yasya,whose;Gen.,sing.,m.;
dev,gods;Nom.,plur.,m.;
anusayanti,followtotally,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofanusamI,2.P.,togo;
ceta,consciousness;Acc.,sing.,n.;
aryam,Aryaman,Nom.,sing.,m.;
rj,King,Nom.,sing.,m.;ofrjan;
ajara,Immortal,Nom.,sing.,m.;
tuvimn,Powerful,Nom.,sing.,m.;
phalgunnm,ofPhalguniconstellation;Gen.,plur.,f.;
abha,bull,Nom.,sing.,m.;
roravti,roarsloudly,Intensive,3pers.,sing.,ofru,2.P.roar,bellow,howl,
yelp,cryaloud;

19

rehodevnbhagavobhagsi|tattvviduphalgunstasyavittt|
asmabhyakatramajarasuvryam|gomadavavadupasannudeha|bhago
hadtbhagaitpradt|bhagodevphalgunrvivea|bhagasyetta
prasavagamema|yatradevaissadhamdamadema|||10||
YouarethebestofGods,OLordofBhaga,OBhaga!
SuchyoutheythusdiscoveredasPhalgun,becauseof[Blissful]Wealthof
yours;
ProvideforusthePowerofKshatra,Immortalandsupremelycourageous,
BringKnowledgefulloflightandSwiftnesshere.
ForBhagaisindeedtheGiverBhagaistheBestower!
[Itis]Bhaga[who]hasenteredtheGoddessesPhalgun!
MaywegototheOriginofBhaga,
whereweshallpartakeoftheenjoymentwiththeGods.

Vocabulary:
reha,best,Nom.,sing.,m.;
devn,ofthegods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
bhagavas,OBhagavan,Voc.,sing.,m.,ofbhagavat;bhagavat,mfn.possessing
fortune,fortunate,prosperous,happy;glorious,illustrious,divine,adorable,
venerable;holy(appliedtogods,demigods,andsaintsasatermofaddress,
eitherinvoc.bhagavan,bhagavas,bhagos;
bhaga,OBhaga,Voc.,sing.,m.;
asi,youare,3per.,sing.,Pres.,ofas,2.P.tobe;
tat,that,Nom.,sing.,n.,
tv,you,Acc.,sing.,oftvad,you;
vidu,theyknow,3pers.,plur.,Perf.;ofvid,2.P.toknow;
phalgun,thePhalguniconstellation,Acc.,plur.,f.;
tasya,his,Gen.,sing.,m.,oftad,that;
vittt,fromthewealth,becauseofwealth,Abl.,sing.,n.;Vitta,mfn.found,
acquired,gained,obtained,possessed;caughtorseizedby;n.anythingfound
,afind;acquisition,wealth,property,goods,substance,money,powerRV.;
thesecondastrologicalmansionVarYogay.
asmabhya,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
katram,powerofKshatra;Acc.,sing.,n.;
ajara,Undying,immortal;Acc.,sing.,n.;
suvryam,perfectlycourageous;Acc.,sing.,n.;
gomad,FulloflightofKnowledge;Acc.,sing.,n.;
avavad,fullofSwiftness,Acc.,sing.,n.;

20

upasannuda,bringnear,Imperat.,2pers.,sing.,ofupasamnud,6.P.,
nudati,toimpelorbringtogether;upasamnuda,P.toimpelnearortowards,
bringnear,procureTBr.iii,1,1,8;
iha,here,ind.;
bhaga,Bhaga,Nom.,sing.,m.;
ha,indeed,ind.,
dt,giver,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofdt,giver;
bhaga,Nom.,sing.,m.;
it,indeed,ind.;
pradt,agiverforward,Nom.,sing.,m.;
bhaga,Nom.,sing.,m.;
dev,thegoddesses,Acc.,plur.,f.;
phalgunr,Phalgun,Acc.,plur.,f.;
vivea,hasentered,Perfect,3pers.,sing.,ofvi,6.P.,toenter;
bhagasya,ofBhaga,Gen.,sing.,m.;
it,indeed,ind.;
ta,that,Acc.,sing.,m.;
prasava,origing,Acc.,sing.,m.;prasava,m.(forprasu)settingorbeingset
inmotion,impulse,course,rush,flight;stimulation,furtherance,aid;
pursuit,acquisitionVS.;m.begetting,procreation,generation,conception,
parturition,delivery,birth,originVS.;offspring,posterity;
gamema,weshouldgo,1pers.,plur.,Opt.,ofgam,1.U.,togo;
yatra,where,ind.,
devais,bygods,Instr.,plur.,m.;
sadhamda,commonfeast;Acc.,sing.,m.,
madema,weshouldenjoy;1pers.,plur.,Opt.,ofmad,1.A.,toget
intoxicated,etc.;

21

ytudevassavitopaytu|hirayayenasuvtrathena|vahan,hasta
subhagavidmanpasam|prayacchantapapuripuyamaccha|hasta
prayacchatvamtavasya|dakienapratigbhmaenat|dtramadya
savitvideya|yonohastyaprasuvtiyajam||11||

GodSavitarshouldcome,should[thus]approach[us]!
IngoldenChariotthatrunningwell!
Withhandthatworksskilfullyandcarefully.
Givingtheplenitudepureandfullofmeritdirectly[tous];
[His]Handshould[thus]bestow[uponus]thegreaterandmoreopulent
Immortality;
WhichweshallreceiveasDakina!
MayIcometoknowtodaywiththeGiver,[as]Savitar,
WhoshouldbestowtheSacrificetoourhand.

Vocabulary:
ytu,shouldcome,Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofy,2.P.,tocome;
devas,god,Nom.,sing.,m.;
savit,Savitar,Nom.,sing.,m.;
upaytu,shouldapproach,Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofupay,2.P.,tocome
near;
hirayayena,withgolden,Inst.,sing.,m;
suvt,wellrolling,Inst.,sing.,m.;suvt,mfn.turningorrunningwell(asa
chariot)RV.TBr.
rathena,chariot,Inst.,sing.,m.;
vahan,carrying,moving;Pres.,Part.,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofvah,1.P.;
hasta,hand,Acc.,sing.,m.;
subhaga,ofperfectenjoyment,
vidmanpasam,workingskilfully;Acc.,sing.,m.;vidmanpas,mfn.(fr.instr.of
vidman,+apas)workingskilfullyorcarefullyRV.AV.
prayacchanta,giving,Pres.,Part.,Acc.,sing.,m.,ofprayam,1.P.,togive;
papuri,bountiful;Acc.,sing.,m.;papuri,mfn.(p)bountiful,liberal,
abundantRV.
puyam,merit,Acc.,sing.,m.;
accha,directly,clearly,ind.;
hasta,hand,Nom.,sing.,m.;
prayacchatu,shouldgive,3pers.,sing.,Imperat.,ofprayam;
amta,immortality,Acc.,sing.,n.;

22

vasyaricher,moreopulent;vasyas,mfn.(compar.ofvasu;cf.vasihaand
vasyas)morewealthyoropulent,moreexcellent,betterthan,(abl.)TS.Br.;
dakiena,bytheright[hand],asdakia,Inst.,sing.,mfn.;
pratigbhma,weshouldreceive,Opt.,1pers.,plur.,ofpratigbh,9.P.;to
get;
enat,this,Acc.,sing.,n.,ofencliticena;
dtram,giver,Acc.,sing.,m.;ofdt;
adya,today,ind.;
savit,Savitar,Nom.,sing.,m.;
videya,Ishoulddiscover;Opt.,1pers.,sing.,ofvid,2.P.;vidati,te,toknow,
understand,perceive,learn,becomeorbeacquaintedwith,beconsciousof;
ya,who,Nom.,sing.,m.;
na,our,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
hastya,forhand,Dat.,sing.,m.;
prasuvti,shoulddeliver;3pers.,sing.,Subj.,ofpras,1.P.,tosetinmotion,
rousetoactivity,urge,incite,impel,bid,command;toallow,giveupto,
deliverAV.Br.;tohurl;
yajam,theSacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;

23

tvanakatramabhyeticitrm|subhasasayuvatirocamnm|
niveayannamtnmartyca|rpipianbhuvanniviv|tannas
tvataducitrvicam|tannakatrabhridastumahyam|tanna
prajvravatsanotu|gobhirnoavaissamanaktuyajam||12||

TvastarapproachestheconstellationChitr,
Younglady,withbeautifullight,shining!
IntroducingImmortalsandMortals,
Decoratingalltheworldswithdecorations;
ThatshouldforusTvashtarmanifest,thatindeedChitraconstellation;
Therisingconstellationmustbenowforme!
Thatshouldgrantustheoffspringfullofvalour,
AndthusuniteKnowledgeandPowerinourSacrifice.

Vocabulary:
tva,Tvastar,Nom.,sing.,m.;
nakatram,Nakshatra,Acc.,sing.,n.;
abhyeti,approaches,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofabhii,2.P.go;
citrm,Chitra,Acc.,sing.,f.;citra,mfn.conspicuous,excellent,distinguished
RV.;bright,clear,brightcolouredRV.;variegated,spotted,speckled(with
instr.orincomp.);f.Spicavirginis,the12th(inlaterreckoningthe14th)lunar
mansionAV.,TBr.;
subhasasa,ofbeautifullight,Acc.,sing.,f.;subhasas,mfn.(prob.)having
abeautifulmoonsVenerisTBr.;
yuvati,young,Acc.,sing,f.;
rocamnm,shining,Acc.,sing.,f.,ofPres.Part.,A.,ofrootruc,1.A.,toshine;
niveayann,introducing,placing;Nom.,sing.,m.,ofPres.,Part.,P.,ofnivi,
Caus.;
amtn,immortals,Acc.,plur.,m.;
martyca,andmortals,Acc.,plur.,m.;
rpi,forms,Acc.,plur.,n.;
pian,decorating,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofPres.,Part.,P.,ofpi,6.P.,tohewout,
carve,prepare(esp.meat),makeready,adorn;fashion,mould;
bhuvanni,worlds,Acc.,plur.,n.;
viv,all,Acc.,plur.,n.;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nas,us,Acc.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
tva,Nom.,sing.,m.;
tadu,thatindeed,Nom.,sing.,n.;
citr,Chitra,Nom.,sing.,f.;

24

vicam,shouldreveal;shouldmanifest;Imper.,3per.,sing.,A.;
vicak,A,toappear,shineRV.;toseedistinctly,view,lookat,perceive,
regard;tomakemanifest,showRV.;toproclaim,announce,tell;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatra,
bhr,rising;Nom.,sing.,m.;bh,mfn.becoming,being,existing,springing,
arising;
id,ind.,now;
astu,shouldbe,Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofas,2.P.,tobe;
mahyam,forme,Dat.,sing.,1pers.,mad,me;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
praj,offspring,Acc.,sing.,f.;
vravat,fullofheroes,Acc.,sing.,f.;
sanotu,shouldbestow;Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofsan,1.P.,8.P.A.,togain,
acquire,obtainasagift,possess,enjoy;togainforanother,procure,bestow
,give,distributeRV.;(A.)tobesuccessful,begrantedorfulfilled;
gobhir,by/withtheherdsoflight;Inst.,plur.,m.,f.;
no,our,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
avais,by/withtheswiftnesses;Inst.,plur..m.;
samanaktu,shouldputthemtogether;3pers.,sing.,Imper.,ofsamac,(only
ind.p.acya),tobendtogether;Pass.acyate,tobepressedorthrown
together;
yajam,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.

25

Vyurnakatramabhyetiniyam|tigmagovabhororuva|samrayan
bhuvanmtariv|apadvesinudatmart|tannovyustaduniy
otu|tannakatrabhridastumahyam|tannodevsoanujnantu
kmam|yathtaremaduritniviv||13||
VayufollowstheNishtyaconstellation,
[likethe]Bullwithsharphornsheroars,
Gatheringtheworlds,[forheis]Matarivan!
Hedrivesawaythehatersandtheirpowers,
Thisour[call]VayuandNishtyaconstellationshouldhear!
Formeshouldrisethatconstellationnow!
ThegodsshouldgrantourDesire,
Asweshallcrossoveralltheobstacles.

Vocabulary:
vyu,Vyu,Nom.,sing.,m.;
nakatram,Acc.,sing.,n.;
abhyeti,approaches,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofabhii,2.P.,togo;
niyam,Nishtya,Acc.,sing.,n.;niya,mfn.(fr.nis+tya)external,foreign,
strange;f.N.ofalunarmansion(=svti);
tigmaga,sharphorned,Bah.,Nom.,sing.,m.;
vabha,bull,Nom.,sing.,m.;
roruva,roaringhigh;Nom.,sing.,m.;Pres.,Part.,A.;ofrootru,2.P.to
roar;
samrayan,gathering,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofPres.,Part.,ofsamrayan,Caus.
rayati,te,tocausetomove,setinmotion,impel,agitate,urgeon,send
forthRV.TBr.;tobringabout,accomplish,produce,create;
bhuvan,theworlds;Acc.,plur.,n.;
mtariv,Matarishvan,Nom.,sing.,m.;
apa,away,ind.;
dvesi,thehostilities,theenemies,Acc.,plur.,n.;
nudatm,shouldremove,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofnud,6.U.,topush;
art,thehostilities;Acc.,plur.,f.;
tad,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,our,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
vyus,Nom.,sing.,m.;
tadu,andthat;Nom.,sing.,n.;
niy,Nishtya,Nom.,sing.,f.;niya,mfn.(fr.nis+tya)external,foreign,
strange;f.N.ofalunarmansion(=svti);
otu,shouldlisten;3pers.,sing.,Imper.,ofru,5.U.,tohear;

26

tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
bhr,rising;Nom.,sing.,m.;bh,mfn.becoming,being,existing,springing,
arising;
id,ind.,now;
astu,shouldbe,Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofas,2.P.,tobe;
mahyam,forme,Dat.,sing.,1pers.,mad,me;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
devsa,gods,Nom,plur.,m.;
anujnantu,shouldpermit,3pers.,plur.,Imperat.,ofanuj,9.U.,toallow;
kmam,desire,Acc.,sing.,m.;
yath,ind.,as;
tarema,shouldcrossover,Opt.,1pers.,plur.,oft,1.U.,tocross;
duritni,difficulties,Acc.,plur.,n.;
viv,all,Acc.,plur.,n.

27

Dramasmacchatravoyantubht|tadindrgnkuttadvikhe|tanno
devanumadantuyajam|pactpurastdabhayamnoastu|nakatrm
adhipatnvikhe|rehvindrgnbhuvanasyagopau|vicaatrn
apabdhamnau|apakudhamnudatmartim|||14||
Awaymayrunfromus[our]enemiesinfear!
IndraandAgnishoulddothat[forus],andVikhconstellation.
ThegodsshouldthusenjoytheSacrifice.
Maytherebefearlessnessinfrontandbehindus.
ForVikhconstellationistheHighQueenof[all]constellations,
AndIndraandAgniarethebestGuardiansoftheworld,
Drivingawaytheenemies,
Pushingawaythehostilehunger.

Vocabulary:
Dram,ind.,far;
Asmac,fromus,Abl.,plur.,ofasmad;
chatrava,enemies;Nom.,plur.,m.;
yantu,shouldgo,3pers.,plur.,Imper.;ofrooti,2.P.,go;
bht,afraid,Nom.,plur.,m.;
tad,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
indrgn,IndraandAgni,Nom.,dual.,m.;
kut,shoulddo,3pers.,dual.,Imper.,A.;
tad,that;Nom.,sing.,n.;
vikhe,twostarsofVishakha,Nom.,dual.,f.;vikha,mfn.branched,forked;
branchless;bornundertheconstellation;(alsodu.orpl.)the14th(later16th)
lunarasterism(figuredbyadecoratedarchandcontainingfourororiginallytwo
starsundertheregencyofadualdivinity,IndraandAgni;itisprobablytobe
connectedwiththequadrangleofstarsLibrae);
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,(for)us,Dat.,Acc.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
anumadantu,shouldrejoice,Imper.,3pers.,plur.,ofanumad,1.A.,torejoice
over,togladden,topraiseRV.&c.
yajam,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
pact,behind,after,inthewest;ind.;
purastd,infront,intheeast,ind.;
abhayam,fearlessness,Nom.,sing.,n.;
na,forus,our,Dat.,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
astu,shouldbe,Imper.,3pers.,sing.,ofas,2.P.,tobe;

28

nakatrm,oftheNakshatras,Gen.,plur.,n.;
adhi,over,ind.;
patn,Mistress,Queen;Nom.,sing.,f.;
vikhe,TwostarsofVishakhaconstellation,Nom.,dual.,f.;
rehu,twobestones,Nom.,dual.,m.;
indrgn,IndraandAgni,Nom.,dual.,m.;Dvandva;
bhuvanasya,oftheworld,Gen.,sing.,n.;
gopau,protectors,Nom.,dual,m.;
vica,apart,abl.,ofvivac,mfn.goinginorturnedtoboth(orall)
directions,allpervading,ubiquitous,general;goingasunderorapart,
separatedordifferentfrom(instr.orabl.)
atrn,theenemies,Acc.,plur.,m.;
apabdhamnau,drivingaway,Nom,dual,m.;Pres.,Part.,A.,ofapabdh,
1.A.,driveaway;
apa,away,ind.;
kudham,hunger,Acc.,sing.,f.;kudh,f.hunger
nudatm,push,3pers.,sing.,Imper.,A,ofnud.;
artim,hostility;Acc.,sing.,f.;

29

prpacdutaprpurastt|unmadhyatapauramsjigya|tasy
devadhisavasanta|uttamenkaihamdayantm|pthvsuvarcyuvati
sajo|pauramsyudagcchobhamn|pyyayantduritniviv|uru
duhyajamnyayajam|15
PrnconstellationisbehindandPrnisinfront.
Fromthemiddleshehasrisenup[as]relatedtothefullMoon:Paurnamasi;
Inherthegodsdwell;
[And]inthehighestheaventheyrejoice;
TheEarth,splendidandyoung,agreeingwith[heaven],
[And]theonerelatedtothefullMoonrose,luminous;
Makingalldifficultiesswell,
SheshouldyieldtheGreatSacrificeforYajamna(theSacrificer).

Vocabulary:
pr,Purna,Nom.,sing.,f.;pra,mfn.filled,full,filledwithorfullof(instr.
orgen.orcomp.);abundant,rich;fulfilled,finished,accomplished,ended,
past;complete,all,entire;()f.N.ofthe15thKalofthemonth;ofthe5th,
10thand15thTithis;fulness,plenty,abundance;
pacd,frombehind,inthewest;ind.;
uta,and,ind.;
pr,Purna,Nom.,sing.,f.;
purastt,infront,intheeast;ind.,
udjigya,hasrisen,Perf.,3pers.,sing.,ofg,3.,togo;
madhyata,inthemiddle,ind.;
paurams,relatingtothefullMoon,Nom.,sing.,f.;pauramsa,mf()n.
relatingtothefullmoon,usualorcustomaryatfullmoon,havingthefull
moon;m.n.fullmoonsacrifice;
tasy,inher,inthat,Loc.,sing.,f.;oftad,that;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
adhisavasanta,dwelling,Pres.,Part.,Nom.,plur.,m.;abhisamvas,1.to
dwell;
uttame,inthehighest,Loc.,sing.,m.;
nkeinheaven,Loc.,sing.,m.;nka,m.(nam[;vaultofheaven,firmament,
sky(generallyconceivedasthreefoldcf.tridiva,trinka;thereisafivefold
scale,viz.pthiv,antarika,div,divonka,andsvarjyotis)
iha,here,ind.,
mdayantm,shouldrejoiceormakeothershappy,Imper.,3pers.,plur.,A.,of
mad,Caus.;
pthv,earth,Nom.,sing.,f.;

30

suvarc,bright,splendid,Nom.,sing.,f.;
yuvati,young;Nom.,sing.,f.;
sajounited;Nom.,sing.,f.;sajoas,mfn.associatedtogether,united,
beingoractinginharmonywith(instr.);ind.togetherRV.
pauramsy,relatingtothefullMoon,Nom.,sing.,f.;
udagc,rose,Aor.,3pers.,sing.,udg,3.,togoup;
obhamn,shining,Pres.,Part.,Nom.,sing.,f.;rootubh,1.A.,toshine;
pyyayant,makingswell,Pres.,Part.,Nom.,sing.,f.;pyai,A.toswell,
increasetoenlarge,strengthenMBh.:Caus.pyyayati,tocausetoswell
duritni,obstacles,Nom.,plur.,n.;
viv,all,Nom.,plur.,n.,
uru,thevast,Acc.,sing.,m.,
duh,shouldmilk,shouldyield,(Vedic)Imperv.,3pers.,sing.ofduh,2.,to
milk;
duh,mfn.Milking,yielding,granting;
yajamnya,forYajamana,Dat.,sing.,m.;
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;

31

ddhysmahavyairnamasopasadya|mitradevamitradheyanoastu|
anrdhn,havivardhayanta|atajvemaaradasavr|citra
nakatramudagtpurastt|anrdhsaitiyadvadanti|tanmitraeti
pathibhirdevaynai|hirayayairvitatairantarike||16||
Maywegrow[strong],havingapproachedwithobeisanceandofferings
Mitra,[and]mayfriendshipwithhimbeours[here]!
Increasingbytheofferingtheachievements,
maywelivehundredyearswithstrengthandcourage.
ChitraconstellationroseintheEast;
Forthecreationofwealththuswhattheyspeak,
ThatMitrafollowswithhisDivinepaths,
goldenandgrowingwideinthewholemidworld.

Vocabulary:
ddhysma,maywegrow[strong],Bened.,1pers.,plur.,ofdh,9.,grow,
increase;
havyair,byofferings,Inst.,plur.,m.;
namas,byobeisance,Inst.,sing.,n.;
upasadya,havingapproached;Gerund.,ofupasad,1.;
mitra,Mitra,Acc.,sing.,m.;
deva,god,Acc.,sing.,m.;
mitradheya,mitradheya,n.acovenantorcontractoffriendship.
na,forus,ours,Gen.,Dat.,plur.,asmad,we;
astu,shouldbe,Imperv.,3pers.,sing,ofas,2.P.,tobe;
anrdhn,theachievements,Acc.,plur.,m.,;seeanrdha,mfn.causing
welfare,happiness;
havi,byoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.;
vardhayanta,makinggrow[stronger],increase,Pres.,Part.,Nom.,plur.,m.,
ofvdh,Caus.;
ata,hundred,Num.,Nom.,sing.,n.,
jvema,shouldlive,Opt.,1pers.,plur.,ofjv,1.;
arada,years,Nom.,plur.,m.,ofarad,year,aughtum;
savr,withcourage,Bah.,Nom.,plur.,m.;
citra,bright,manycolored,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatram,Nom.,sing.,n.,
udagt,rose,Aor.,3pers.,sing.,ofudg,3.,togo;
purastt,intheeast,ind.,
anrdhsa,achievements;Nom.,plur.,m.;
iti,thus;ind.,

32

yad,what,Acc.,sing.,n.;
vadanti,speak,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofvad.;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
mitra,Nom.,sing.,m.;
eti,comesto,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofi,2.P.,togo,tocome;
pathibhi,bypath;Inst.,plur.,ofpathin,m.,path;
devaynai,bythedivinepaths,Inst.,plur.,n.;
hirayayair,bygolden,Inst.,plur.,n.;
vitatair,byexpanded,Inst.,plur.,n.;
antarike,inthemidworld,Loc.,sing.,n.

33

indrojyehmanunakatrameti|yasminvtravtratryetatra|tasmin
vayamamtaduhn|kudhataremaduritiduriim|purandarya
vabhyadhave|ahyasahamnyamhue|indryajyeh
madhumadduhn|urukotuyajamnyalokam|||17||
IndracomeswithconstellationJyeshtha.
WhereheovercomesVritrainthebattle,
therebymilkingImmortality
weshouldovercometheHunger,DifficultyandDefectinSacrifice.
ForIndra,theDestroyerofthefortifiedcities,theBull,theViolent,
PowerfulandInvincible,ConquerorandBountifulGiver,
JyeshthaNakshatramilkingsweetness,
ShouldmakevastworldforYajamna.

Vocabulary:
Indra,Nom.,sing.,m.;
jyehm,Jyeshthaconstellation,Acc.,sing.,f.;
anu,after,ind.;
nakatram,Acc.,sing.,n.;
eti,goes,3pers,sing.,Pres.,ofi,2.P.,togo;
yasmin,inwhich,Loc.,sing.,m.;
vtra,Vritra,Acc.,sing.,m.;
vtratrye,inthebattlewithVritra,Loc.,sing.,n.;vtratrya,n.conquestof
enemiesorVritra,battle,victoryRV.
Tatra,hascrossedover;Perf.,3pers.,sing.,oft,1.,tocross;
Tasmin,inthat,Loc.,sing.,m.,n.,oftad,that;
Vayam,we,Nom.,plur.,ofasmad.
amta,Immortality,Acc.,sing.,n.,
duhn,milking,Nom.,plur.,m.,Pres.,Part.,A.;
kudha,hunger,Acc.,sing.,f.;
tarema,weshouldcross,Opt.,1pers.,plur.,
duriti,difficulty,Acc.,sing.,f.,duriti,f.,badcourse,difficulty,distressTBr.1.
duriim,defectofasacrifice;Acc.,sing.,f.;defectorfailureinasacrificeAV.
VS.
purandarya,forthedestroyeroffortress;Dat.,sing.,m.,puradara,m.
`destroyerofstrongholds;N.ofIndra;
vabhya,totheBull,Dat.,sing.,m.;
dhave,totheviolent,Dat.,sing.,m.;dhu,mfn.bold,courageous,fierce
,violent,strong(Indra,Soma,theMaruts;fire,weapons,&c.);
ahya,Ashadha,Dat.,sing.,m.;

34

aha,(orinRV.alha)mfn.nottobeovercome,invincible;bornunderthe
Nakshatraashadha;m.themonth(generallycalled)shdhaL.;f.sg.orpl.N.of
twolunarmansions(distinguishedaspinvanduttara,`"theformer"'andthe
latter"',andreckonedeitherastheeighteenthandnineteenth[TBr.]orasthe
twentiethandtwentyfirst;
ha,m.N.ofamonth(correspondingtopartofJuneandJuly)inwhichthe
fullmoonisneartheconstellationAshha;thetwentyfirstandtwentysecond
lunarmansions(commonlycompoundedwithprvaanduttara)L.()f.theday
offullmooninthemonthashdha;(mfn.)belongingtothemonthAshdha.
sahamnya,tothepowerfulone,Dat.,sing.,m.;sahamna,mfn.conquering,
victorious;N.ofthatpartoftheframeenshriningtheUniversalSpiritwhich
facesthesouth;
mhue,tothebountious,Dat.,sing.,m.;
indrya,toindra,Dat.,sing.,m.;
jyeh,Jyeshthaconstellation;Nom.,sing.,f.;
madhumad,sweet;Acc.,sing.,n.;
duhn,milking,Nom.,sing.,f.;Pres.,Part.,A.,ofduh.;
uru,vast,Acc.,sing.,m.;
kotu,shoulddo;Imper.,sing.,3pers.,ofk,5.,todo;
yajamnya,toyajamana,Dat.,sing.,m.;
lokam,world,Acc.,sing.,m.;

35

mlaprajvravatvideya|parcyetunirtiparc|gobhirnakatra
paubhissamaktam|aharbhydyajamnyamahyam|aharnoadyasuvite
dadhtu|mlanakatramitiyadvadanti|parcvcnirtinudmi|
ivaprajyaiivamastumahyam||18||
MayIgetoffspringfullofcourageandpower[arrivingat]Mlalunarmansion.
TothebeyondshouldgoNirti,Death.
[This]constellationisunitedwithraysofknowledgeandconsciousbeings(cows
andcattle).
MaytherebeDayforme[whois]Yajamna(Offerer).
MayDaybringustoeasypathtoday.
ThustheysaywhentheyspeakofMlaNakshatra,
TheDeathofthebeyond,Nirriti,IpushawaywiththehelpoftheWord.
MayBlissbe[always]formyselfand[my]offspring!

Vocabulary:
mla,Mulaconstellation,Acc.,sing.,m.;mla,n.firmlyfixed,aroot;the
edge(ofthehorizon);basis,foundation,cause,origin,commencement,
beginning;alsom.andf.N.ofthe17th(or19th)lunarmansion;
praj,Offspring,Acc.,sing.,f.;
vravat,fullofpower;Acc.,sing.,f.;
videya,MayIrealise/get,Opt.,1pers.,sing.,ofrootvid.,2.P.,toknow;
parcy,away,Loc.,sing.,parc,mfn.directedorgoingawayortowardssome
placebeyond;turnedaway,averted,distant,turningfrom,beingbeyondor
outsideof(abl.),notreturning,doneawaywith,gone;
etu,shouldgo,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofi,2,togo;
nirti,Death,Nom.,sing.,f.;nirti,f.dissolution,destruction,calamity,evil,
adversity;(personifiedasthegoddessofdeathandcorruptionandoften
associatedwithMrityu;isregentofthesouthandoftheasterismMla[Var.]
parc,bybeyond;Inst.;sing.,adv.;
gobhir,byraysoflight,Inst.,plur.,m.;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
paubhis,withthePashus,Inst.,m.,plur.;
samaktam,united;Nom.,sing.,n.;samakta,mfn.prepared,madereadyRV.
furnishedwith(instr.)ib.combinedorunitedwith(instr.)TBr.
Ahar,day,Nom.,sing.,n.,;
Bhyd,shouldbe,mayitbe,Bened.,sing.,3pers.;
Yajamnya,foryajamana,Dat.,sing.,m.;
Mahyam,forme,Dat.,sing.,mad,me;
Ahar,day,Nom.,sing.,n.,;

36

Na,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
Adya,today,ind.;
Suvite,ontherightpath,Loc.,sing.,m.;suvita,mfn.easyofaccessorto
traverse,prosperous(asapath)RV.n.agoodpath,prosperouscourse;ib.
welfare,prosperity,fortune,goodluckib.AV.TBr.
dadhtu,shouldestablish;3pers.,sing.,Imperv.;dh,3.,establish;
mla,Mulaconstellation,Acc.,sing.,m.;
nakatram,Acc.,sing.,n.;
iti,thus,ind.,
yad,which,Acc.,n.,sing.;
vadanti,theyspeak;
parc,beyond,Acc.,f.,sing.;
vc,bythespeech,Inst.,sing.,f.;
nirti,Death,Acc.,sing.,f.;
nudmi,Ipushaway,1pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofnud.,
iva,blissful,Acc.,sing.,n.;
prajyai,fortheoffspring;Dat.,sing.,f.;
ivam,blissful,Acc.,sing.,n.;
astu,shouldbe,Imperv.,sing.,3pers.;
mahyam,forme,Dat.,sing.,mad,me;

37

ydivypapayassambabhvu|yantarikautaprthivry|ysm
ahanuyantikmam|tnapaamsyonbhavantu|ycakpyy
candyssamudriy|ycavaiantrutaprsacry|ysmah
madhubhakayanti|tnapaasyonbhavantu||19||
ThedivinewatersthataremixedwithPayas,
Andthosewhichareinthemidworldandonearth,
whosethusdesireAshadhaconstellationfollows,
Thosewatersshouldbecalmforusandauspicious;
Thoseofthewellandriverandtheocean,
Andthoseinpotsandvesselsandwhenfrozen,
InwhichAshh[thus]partakesofHoney;
Thosewatersshouldbecalmforusandauspicious.

Vocabulary:
Y,which,Nom.,plur.,f.;
Divy,divine,Nom.,plur.,f.;
pa,waters,Nom.,plur.,f.;
payas,by/withpayas,Ind.,sing.,n.;
sambabhvu,becametogether,gotmixed,Perf.,3pers.,plur.,ofsambh;
y,which,Nom.,plur.,f.;
antarike,inthemidworld,Loc.,sing.,n.,
uta,ind.,and;
prthivr,earthly,Nom.,plur.,f.;
y,which,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ysm,inwhich,Gen.,plur.,f.;
ah,Ashadhaconstellation,Nom.,plur.,m.;
anuyanti,follow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,anui,2.,togoafter;
kmam,desire,Acc.,sing.,m.;
tthose,Nom.,plur.,f.;oftad,that;
na,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
pa,waters,Nom.,plur.,f.;
am,auspicious,ind.;
syon,delightful,Nom.,plur.,f.;ofsyona,mfn.soft,gentle,pleasant,
agreeable(esp.towalkuponorsitupon),mild,tenderRV.;delight,happiness
(=sukha);
bhavantu,shouldbe,Imperv.,3pers.,plur.;
y,which,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ca,ind.,and;
kpy,ofwell,Nom.,plur.,f.;

38

yca,andwhich,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ndys,ofriver,Nom.,plur.,f.;
samudriy,thoseoftheocean,Nom.,plur.,f.;
yca,andwhich,Nom.,plur.,f.;
vaiantr,thoseinthetanks,Nom.,plur.,f.;vaianta,mf()n.containedinor
formingatank;
uta,and,ind.,
prsacr,frozen;Nom.,plur.,f.;prsaca,mf()n.congealed(water)TBr.;m.
congealing,freezingTS.

y,which,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ysm,inwhich,Gen.,plur.,f.;
ah,Ashadhaconstellation,Nom.,plur.,m.;
madhu,honey,Acc.,sing.,n.;
bhakayanti,partakesof,enjoys,3per.,plur.,Pres.,ofbhak,10.,toenjoy;
t,those,Nom.,plur.,f.;
na,forus,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
pa,waters;Nom.,plur.,f.;
a,auspicious,ind.;
syon,delightful,Nom.,plur.,f.;syona,mfn.soft,gentle,pleasant,
agreeable(esp.towalkuponorsitupon),mild,tenderRV.;delight,happiness
(=sukha);
bhavantu,shouldbe,3pers.,plur.,Pres.;

39

tannoviveupavantudev|tadahabhisayantuyajam|tan
nakatraprathatpaubhya|kirviryajamnyakalpatm|ubhr
kanyyuvatayassupeasa|karmaktassuktovryvat|vivndevn,
havivardhayant|ahkmamupyantuyajam||20||
Thatour[call]shouldUniversalGodsattendto,
ThatSacrificethestarsofAhconstellationshouldapproachtogether;
ThatconstellationshouldexpandforthePaus(consciousbeings),
AndcultivationofsoilandrainyseasonsshouldfitforYajamna.
And[like]beautifulmaidens,youngandwelldressed,
thedoersofkarma,perfectintheirwork,andfullofpower,
strengtheningtheUniversalGodsbytheoffering,
shouldapproachourSacrificeasthe[starsof]constellationAhthe
Desired.

Vocabulary:
Tan,that,thus;Nom.,sing.,n.;
Na,our;Gen.,plur.;ofasmad.;
Vive,all,Nom.,plur.,m.;
upavantu,shouldhear;3per.,plur.,Imperv.;ofru,5.,hear;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur,m.;
tad,that;Nom.,sing.,n.;
ah,Ashadha,Nom.,plur.,m.;
abhisayantu,shouldapproachtogether,Imperv.,3pers.,plur.,ofabhisami,
2,go;
Ved.toapproachtogether,cometogetherormeetat(acc.)RV.;toinvadeTS.
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
tan,that;Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatra,Naksatra;Nom.,sing.,n.;
prathat,shouldexpand;Imperv.,sing.,3pers.,A.;
paubhya,for/fromPashus;Dat.,Abl.,plur.,m.;
kir,cultivationofthesoil,Nom.,sing.,f.;ofki,f.(exceptionallypl.)
ploughing,cultivationofthesoil,agriculture;thecultivationofthesoil
personified;theharvest;
vir,rain,Nom.,sing.,f.;
yajamnya,foryajamna,Dat.,sing.,m.;
kalpatm,shouldfit;Imprev.,3pers.,sing.,A.,ofkp,1.A.,tofit;
ubhr,bright,auspicious;beautiful;Nom.,plur.,f.;
kany,maidens;Nom.,plur.,f.;
yuvatayas,young,Nom.,plur.,f.;

40

supeasa,welldecorated;Nom.,plur.,f.;
karmaktas,doersofwork,Nom.,plur.,f.;
sukto,welldoing;,Nom.,plur.,f.;
vryvat,powerful;Nom.,plur.,f.;
vivn,all,Acc.,plur.,m.;
devn,gods,Acc.,plur.,m.;
havi,byoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.,
vardhayant,makingstronger;increase;Nom.,plur.,f.;
ah,Ashadhaconstellation,Nom.,plur.,f.;
kmam,desire,Acc.,sing.,m.;
upyantu,shouldcomenear,shouldapproach;3pers.,plur.,Imperv.;
yajam,thesacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.

41

yasminbrahmbhyajayatsarvametat|amucalokamidamcasarvam|tan
nonakatramabhijidvijitya|riyadadhtvahyamnam|ubhaulokau
brahmasajitemau|tannonakatramabhijidvicam|tasminvaya
ptanssajayema|tannodevsoanujnantukmam||21||
WhereBrahmanconqueredallthis,
Thatworldandallofthis,
ThatAbhijitconstellationhavingconquered
shouldthusestablishglorybeyondharm;
[For]BoththeseworldsareconqueredbytheBrahman,
ThatAbhijitshouldrevealtous[byitself].
Thereweshallthusconquer[all]resistances,
Thatgodsshouldgrantusthedesired.

Vocabulary:
Yasmin,inwhich;fromyad;
Brahm,Brahman,Nom.,sing.,m.;
abhyajayat,conquered,Imperf.,3pers.,sing.,ofabhiji,1.U.,towin;
sarvam,all,Acc.,sing.,n.;
etat,this,Acc.,sing.,n.;
amu,that,Acc.,sing.,m.;ofadas,that;
ca,ind.,and;
lokam,world,Acc.,sing.,m.;
idam,this,Acc.,sing.,n.;
,indeed,ind.,
ca,and;
sarvam,all;Acc.,sing.,n.;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.,
no,our;Gen.,plur.,;
nakatram,Nakshatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
abhijid,Abhijit;Nom.,sing.,mfn.;
vijitya,havingconquered,Gerund.,ofviji;
riya,glory,Acc.,sing.,f.;
dadhtv,shouldestablish,3pers.,sing.,Imperv.,ofdh,3.,toestablish;
ahyamnam,nothurting,Acc.,sing.,
ubhau,both,Nom.,dual.,m.;
lokau,worlds,Nom.,dual.,m.;
brahma,byBrahman,Inst.,sing.,m.;
sajitemau,areconquered,Nom.,dual.,m.;pppofsamji;
tan,that,Acc.,sing.,n.;

42

no,our,forus;Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
nakatram,Nom.,sing.,n.;
abhijid,Nom.,sing.,mfn.;abhijit,mfn.victorious;bornundertheconstellationAbhijit;
ofthe20th(or22nd)Nakshatra;theeighthMuhrtaoftheday(aboutmidday);

vicam,shouldreveal,Imperv.,3pers.,sing.,A.;vicak,2.A.,toexplain,to
show;manifest;
tasmin,inthat,Loc.,sing.,m.,oftad,that;
vaya,we;Nom.,plur.,ofasmad;
ptans,theoppressions;resistences;Acc.,plur.,f.;
sajayema,weshouldconquer,Opt.,1pers.,plur.;
tan,that,Acc.,sing.,n.;
no,our,forus;Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
devso,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
anujnantu,shouldpermit,shouldgrant;,3pers.,plur.,Imperv.,ofanuj,
9.;
kmam,thedesire,Acc.,sign.,m.;

43

vantiromamtasyagopm|puymasyupaomivcam|mah
devviupatnmajrym|pratcmenhaviyajma|tredhviur
urugyovicakrame|mahdivapthivmantarikam|tacchroaitirava
icchamn|puyalokayajamnyakvat||22||
[They]listentotheroconstellation,theprotectorofAmrita.
HersacredspeechIstraintohear,
TheGoddessGreat,ImmortalWifeofVishnu,
LadyoftheWesterndirection,toherwesacrificeouroffering.
TriceVishnustrodewithwidestrides;
[over]GreatHeavenandEarthandSpacebetweenthem;
ThatGloryseekingmovesthereroconstellation,
CreatingsacredverseforYajamna.

Vocabulary:
vanti,theylisten,hear;3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofru,5.,tohear;
rom,Shrona,Acc.,sing.,f.;roa,mfn.(=2.ravaa)lame,limping,acrippleRV.;
cooked,dressed,matured;f.theconstellationravanTS.;

amtasya,ofimmortality,Gen.,sing.,n.;
gopm,protector,Acc.,sing.,f.;
puym,holy,Acc.,sing.,f.;puya,mfn,auspicious,propitious,fair,pleasant
,good,right,virtuous,meritorious,pure,holy,sacredRV.&c.&c.
asy,hers,Gen.,sing,f.,ofidam,this;
upaomi,Iattendto,Ihear;1pers.,sing.,Pres.;
vcam,speech,Acc.,sing.,f.;
mah,great,Acc.,sing.,f.;
dev,goddess,Acc.,sing.,f.;
viupatnm,thewifeofVishnu,Acc.,sing.,f.;
ajrym,immortal,Acc.,sing.,f.,
pratcm,ofthewest,Acc.,sing.,f.;
en,this,Acc.,sing.,f.,fromenat,this;
havi,byoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.;
yajma,wesacrifice,1pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofyaj,1.;
tredh,trice,ind.;
viur,Nom.,sing.,m.;
urugyo,walkingwithwidesteps;Nom.,sing.,m.;uru,wide;gya,walking;
vicakrame,hasstriddenout,Perf.,A.,3pers.,sing.;ofvikram,1.A.,tostep;
mah,great,Acc.,sing.,f.;
diva,heaven,Acc.,sing.,f.;
pthivm,earth,Acc.,sing.,f.;

44

antarikam,spacebetweenheavenandearth,Acc.,sing.,n.;
tac,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
ro,Nom.,sing.,f.;
eti,goes,approaches,3pers.,sing.,Pres.,ofi,2.,togo;
ravaglory,fame,Acc.,sing.,n.;
icchamn,desiring,seeking,Nom.,sing.,f.,ofPres.,Part.,A.,ofi,6.,to
desire;
puya,holy,auspicious,Acc.,sing.,m.;
loka,verse,word,hymn,Acc.,sing.,m.;
yajamnya,foryajamana,Dat.,sing.,m.;
kvat,making,Nom.,sing.,f.,ofPres.,Part.,ofk,5.,todo;

45

aaudevvasavassomysa|catasrodevrajarravih|teyaja
pnturajasapurastt|savatsaramamtasvasti|yajanapntu
vasavapurastt|dakiatobhiyanturavih|puyamnakatramabhi
savima|mnoartiraghaasgann||23||

EightGodsVasus,[whoare]beautiful,
FourGoddesses,mostfamousandimmortal,
TheyshouldprotecttheSacrificeinfrontofRajas(spaceofdarkness);
[For]wellbeingisimmortalandrecurringeveryyear!
MayVasusthusprotectourSacrificeinfrontofus(intheEast)!
AndintheSouth,shouldmovearoundthemostFamous[Goddesses].
Mayweenterintothesacredconstellation!
Maytherecomeneitherharmnorcurseuponus.

Vocabulary:
aau,eight,Nom.,dual.,ofaa;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
vasavas,Vasus,Nom.,plur.,m.,ofvasu;
somysa,beautiful,Nom.,plur.,m.;
catasro,four,Nom.,plur.,f.;
devr,goddesses,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ajar,immortal,Nom.,plur.,f.;
ravih,mostfamous,Nom.,plur.,f.;
te,they,Nom.,plur.,m.;
yaja,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
pntu,shouldprotect,3pers.,plur.,Imperv.,ofp,2.P.,toprotect;
rajasa,ofthevitalspace,Gen.,sing.,n.,rajas,n.colouredordimspace,thesphere
ofvapourormist,regionofclouds,atmosphere,air,firmament,thelowerandhigher
atmospheres;sometimesalsothree;vapour,mist,clouds,gloom,dimness,darkness;
impurity,dirt,dust,anysmallparticleofmatte;thedarkeningquality,passion,emotion,
affection;

purastt,infront,ind.;
savatsaram,thatofeveryyear,Acc.,sing.,n.;samvatsara,mfn.yearly,annual,
recurringeveryyearRV.

amta,immortality,ambrozia;Acc.,sing.,n.;
svasti,well,ind.;n.f.;alsopersonifiedasagoddess,andsometimesasKal,
wellbeing,fortune,luck,success,prosperity;ind.well,happily,successfully;
yaja,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
na,our,forus,Gen.,Dat.,Acc.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
pntu,shouldprotect;3pers.,plur.,Pres.;
vasava,Vasus,Nom.,plur.,m.;

46

purastt,infront;intheeast;ind.;
dakiato,fortheright,fromthesouth,ind.;
abhiyantu,shouldgoaround,3pers.,plur.,Imperv.,ofabhii,2.P.,go;
ravih,mostfamous,Nom.,plur.,f.;
puyam,holy,Acc.,sing.,n.;
nakatram,Acc.,sing.,n.;
abhi,around,near,ind.,
savimamayweenter,1pers.,plur.,Imperv.,ofsamvi,6.,toenter;
m,not,ind.,
no,our,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad.;
artir,harm,adversity,enemy,evilNom.,sing.,f.;
aghaas,curse,Nom.,sing.,f.;
agan,came,Aor.,3pers.,plur.,ofg,3.,togo;

47

katrasyarjvaruodhirja|nakatratabhiagvasiha|tau
devebhyakutodrghamyu|atasahasrbheajnidhatta|yajam
norjvaruaupaytu|tannoviveabhisayantudev|tannonakatra
atabhiagjuam|drghamyupratiradbheajni||24||
TheKingofKshatraEmperorVaruna,
Mostluminousofalltheconstellationatabhiak!
Thesetwocreatelonglifeforgods;
Establishing[forthem]hundredthousandcures.
KingVarunashouldcometoourSacrifice,
AndalltheGodsshouldthusapproachus;
AndatabhiakConstellationbyacceptingus,
Shouldthusextend[forus]longlife[bestowinguponusits]cures.

Vocabulary:
katrasyaofKshatraPower,Gen.,sing.,n.;
rj,king,Nom.,sing.,m.;
varua,Nom.,sing.,m.;
adhirja,Emperor,Nom.,sing.,m.;
nakatr,oftheNakshatras,Gen.,plur.,n.;
atabhiag,Nom.,sing.,m.;atabhaj,mf.`requiringahundredphysicians;N.
ofthe22ndor24thNakshatra(containing100stars,oneofwhichisAquarii;its
nameissaidtodenotethatDhanvantarihimselfcannotcureapersonaffected
withdiseasewhilstthemoonisinthisasterism)TBr.
vasiha,mostluminous,mostwealthy,Nom.,sing.,m.;
tau,thosetwo,Nom.,dual.,m.;
devebhya,forthegods,Dat.,plur.,m.;
kuta,make,3pers.,dual,Pres.,ofk,5.;
drgham,long,Acc.,sing.,n,;
yu,life,Acc.,sing.,n.;
ata,hundred,Nom.,sing.,n.;
sahasr,thousandes,Nom.,plur.,n.;
bheajni,cures,Nom.,plur.,n.;
dhatta,theytwoestablish,3pers.,dual.,Pres.,ofdh,3.,toestablish;
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
no,our,forus,Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
rj,king,Nom.,sing.,m.;
varua,Nom.,sing.,m.;
upaytu,shouldapproach,3pers.,sing.,Imperv.;ofupay,2.P.,toapproach;
tan,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;

48

no,our,forus,Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
vive,all,Nom.,plur.,m.;
abhisayantu,shouldcometogether,Imperv.,3pers.,plur.,ofabhisami;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
tad,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
no,our,forus,Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
atabhiag,Nom.,sing.,n.;
juam,acceptinghappily;Nom.,sing.,n.;ofPres.,Part.,A.,ofju,6.A.;
drgham,long,Acc.,sing,n.;
yu,life,Acc.,sing.,n.
pratiradshouldextend,3pers.,sing.,Inj.,ofprat,1P.A.,(Ved.alsotirati,
te);inf.tiram),togotosea,passover,cross;torise,thrive,prosper;toraise,
elevate,augment,increase,further,promote;toextend:prolong,toextend,
widen;
bheajni,cures,Acc.,plur.,n.;ofbheaj,mfn.,curing,healing,sanative;n.a
remedy,medicine,medicament,drug,remedyagainst(gen.orcomp.);a
spellorcharm;

49

ajaekapdudagtpurastt|vivbhtnipratimodamna|tasyadev
prasavayantisarve|prohapadsoamtasyagop|vibhrjamnas
samidhnaugra|ntarikamaruhadagandym|tasryadevamajam
ekapdam|prohapadsoanuyantisarve||25||
TheLeaderAriesofonefootroseintheEast,
Rejoicingatallthebeings[here].
Hismovementallthegodsjoin,
[especially]thoseofProshthapadaconstellation,theguardiansofImmortality.
Beingignited,shiningwideandstrong,
[He]grewupinthemiddleworld,reachingtoheaven.
HimastheSunGod,LeaderonOneFoot,
AllProshthapadasfollow.

Vocabulary:
Aja,Aries,Goat,Unborn;Nom.,sing.,m.;aja,m.adrove,troop(of
Maruts);adriver,mover,instigator,leader;N.ofIndra,ofRudra,ofoneof
theMaruts,ofAgni,ofthesun,theleaderofaflockahegoat,ram;thesign
Aries;
Ekapd,ofonefoot;Nom.,sing.,m.;ekapd,m.asinglefoot;onequarter;
Udagt,approached,Aor.,3pers.,sing.,ofupag,3.,toapproach;
Purastt,infront,intheeast;ind.;
Viv,all,Nom.,plur.,n.;
Bhtni,becomings,beings;Nom.,plur.,n.;
pratimodamna,rejoicingat;Nom,sing.,m.,Pres.,Part.,A.,ofpratimud,1.A;
tasya,his,Gen.,sing.,m.;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.,
prasavacourse,Acc.,sing.,m.;prasava,m.settingorbeingsetinmotion,
impulse,course,rush,flight;stimulation,furtherance,aid;pursuit,
acquisition;m.begetting,procreation,generation,conception,parturition,
delivery,birth,origin;m.thepressingout(Somajuice);
yanti,go,follow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofi,2.,togo;
sarve,all,Nom.,plur.,m.;
prohapadso,Nom.,plur.,m.;prohapada,m.sg.du.andpl.thefootofa
stool;N.ofadoubleNakshatraofthe3rdand4thlunarmansions;
amtasya,ofimmortality,Gen.,sing.,n.;
gop,protectors,Nom.,plur.,m.;
vibhrjamnas,shiningwide,Nom.,sing.,m.,Pres.,PartA.,ofvibhrj,1A,to
shineforth,bebrightorradiantRV.;toshinethrough(acc.);
samidhna,igniting,ignited,Nom.,sing.,m.;ofsamidh,2.A.,toignite;

50

ugra,mighty,Nom.,sing.,m.;ugra,mfn.,powerful,violent,mighty,
impetuous,strong,huge,formidable,terriblehigh,noblecruel,fierce,
ferocious,savageangry,passionate,wrathfulhot,sharp,pungent,acrid;
antarikam,toantarisha,Acc.,sing.,m.;
aruhad,climbed3pers.,sing.,Aor.,ofruh,1.A.,toclimb,togrow;
agan,came,went,3pers.,sing.,Aor.,ofg,3.,togo;
dym,toheaven,Acc.,sing.,m.;
ta,tothat,Acc.,sing.,m.;
srya,Sun,Acc.,sing.,m.;
devam,god,Acc.,sing.,m.;
ajam,unborn,Acc.,sing.,m.;
ekapdam,ofonefoot,Acc.,sing.,m.;
prohapadso,Nom.,plur.,m.;
anuyanti,follow,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,
sarve,all,Nom.,plur.,m.;

51

ahirbudhniyaprathamnaeti|rehodevnmutamnum|ta
brhmassomapssomysa|prohapadsoabhirakantisarve|catvra
ekamabhikarmadev|prohapadsaitiyn,vadanti|tebudhniya
pariadyastuvanta|ahirakantinamasopasadya||26||
TheSerpentoftheDeepcomesmovingforward,
Thebestofgodsandmen;
[Its]himthatalltheBrahmins[here]protect,drinkersandofferersofSoma,
[Whothus]belongtotheProshthapadaconstellation.
Fourgods[protect]fromallsidesKarma,
Ofwhomtheyspeakthus:Proshthapadsa.
TheybyaffirmingtheAbyss[intheirmantras],[which]istobesoughtafter,
protecttheSerpent,havingserved[him]withobeisance.

Vocabulary:
ahirbudhniya,thePythonoftheFoundation,Nom.,sing.,m.;ahirbudhnya,
nom.sg.m.,theserpentofthedeep(enumeratedinNaigh.v,4andNir.x,44
amongthedivinitiesofthemiddleregion,theabyssinwhichhelivesbeingthat
oftheregionofmist);allegoricallyidentifiedwithAgniGrhapatya;devatsf.
pl.orhavingAhirbudhnyaasdeity"',theNakshatraUttaraBhadrapad;
prathamna,spreadingforward,Nom.,sing.,m.,ofPres.,Part.,A.;
eti,comes,goes,3pers.,sing.,Pres.;
reha,best,Nom.,sing.,m.;
devnm,ofthegods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
uta,and,ind.;
mnum,ofmen,Gen.,plur.,m.;
ta,him,Acc.,sing.,m.;
brhmas,brahmins,Nom.,plur.,m.;
somaps,drinkersofSoma,Nom.,plur.,m.;
somysa,beautiful,madebeautifulbySoma,Nom.,plur.,m.;somya,
consistingoforcontainingorconnectedwithorbelongingtoSoma;Soma
loving,inspiredbySomyaRV.
prohapadso,Nom.,plur.,m.;prohapada,m.(andf.);sg.du.andpl.`the
footofastool;N.ofadoubleNakshatraofthe3rdand4thlunarmansions;
abhirakanti,protect,3pers.,plur.,Pres.;ofabhirak,1.,
sarve,all,Nom.,plur.,m.;
catvra,four,Nom.,plur.,m.;
ekam,one,Acc.,sing.,m.;
abhi,towards,ind.;
karma,Acc.,sing.,n.;

52

dev,Nom.,plur.,m.;
prohapadsa,Nom.,plur.,m.;
iti,thus,ind.,
yn,ofwhom,Acc.,plur.,m.;
vadanti,theyspeak,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,
te,they,Nom.,plur.,m.;
budhniya,foundation,bottom,Acc.,sing.,m.;budhnya,mfn.beingonthe
groundoratthebase,comingfromorbelongingtothedepthsRV.,(veryoften
inconnexionwithahi);N.ofasonofthe14thManuVP.
pariadyatobeworshipped;tobeattendedfromallsides,Acc.,sing.,m.;
pariadya,mfn.tobesoughtafterRV.;(Nir.tobeavoidedSy.sufficient,
adequate,competent)tobeworshippedVS.;(Mahidh.belongingtoan
assembly');m.amemberofanassembly,spectator,guest;
stuvanta,affirmingintheirword,praising;Nom,plur.,m.,ofstuvat.,Pres.,
Part.,ofstu,2.P.;
ahi,Python,Acc.,sing.,m.;
rakanti,protect,3pers.,plur.,Pres.,ofrak,1.;
namas,bythesurrender,Inst.,sing.,n.;
upasadya,havingserved,Abs.,ofupasad;

53

prevatyanvetipanthm|puipatpaupvjabastyau|imnihavy
prayatju|sugairnoynairupaytyajam|kudrnpanrakatu
revatna|gvonoavnanvetup|annarakantaubahudhvirpam|
vjasanutyajamnyayajam||27||
Pushanfollowsthepath[as]Revati.
TheMastersofGrowthandProtectorsofPau,bothbestowing[uponus]the
housefulloftreasures,
Alltheseextendedofferingsenjoying,
ShouldcometoourSacrificebywelltrodpaths.
AndRevatishouldprotectourpoorcattle(=weakperceptions),
AndPushanshouldlookafterourcowsandhorses(=knowledgeandpower),
Theybothprotectingvariouslyfood,inmanyways,
shouldthusbestowupontheYajamnathesacrificerichinenergy.

Vocabulary:
p,Pushan,Nom.,sing.,m.;pan,m.;N.ofaVedicdeityconnectedwith
thesun,andthereforethesurveyorofallthings,andtheconductoronjourneys
andonthewaytothenextworld,oftenassociatedwithSomaortheMoonas
protectoroftheuniverse;heis,moreover,regardedasthekeeperofflocksand
herdsandbringerofprosperity;intheBrahmanasheisrepresentedashaving
losthisteethandfeedingonakindofgruel,whenceheiscalledkarambhd;in
latertimesheisoneofthe12AdityasandregentoftheNakshatraRevatior
Paushna;
revaty,Nom.,sing.,f.;revat,f.N.ofthefifthNakshatra;awomanbornunder
theNakshatraRevati;
anveti,follows,3pers.,sing.,Pres.;
panthm,path,Acc.,sing.,m.,ofpathin,m.,path;
puipat,TwoMastersofProsperity;Nom.,dual.,m.;puipati,m.thelordof
prosperityorwelfare;
paup,twoLordsofPau,Nom.,dual,m.;
vjabastyautwobestowingwealth,Nom.,dual.,m.;vjapastya,mfn.
possessingorbestowingahousefullofwealthortreasureRV.;vja,m.strength
,vigour,energy,spirit,speed;ind.mightily,greatly;theprizeofaraceorof
battle,booty,gain,reward,anypreciousorvaluablepossession,wealth,
treasureRV.
Imni,these,Acc.,plur.,n.;
havy,offerings,Acc.,plur.,n.;

54

prayat,extended,Acc.,plur.,n.;prayata,mfn.outstretched,farextended;
placedupon(loc.)RV.;offered,presented,given,granted,bestowed;piously
disposed,intentondevotion,wellpreparedforasolemnrite;
ju,enjoying,happilyaccepting,Nom.,dual,m.;
sugair,byperfectlygoing/moving,Inst.,plur.,m.;
no,our,forus,Gen.,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
ynair,bypaths,Inst.,plur.,m.;
upayt,shouldapproach,Imperv.,3pers.,dual.;
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
kudrn,small,Acc.,plur.,m.;
pan,pashus,Acc.,plur.,m.;
rakatu,shouldprotect,3pers.,sing.,Imperv.;
revat,Revati,Nom.,sing.,f.;
na,our,Gen.,plur.;
gvo,cows,Acc.,plur.,m.,??
no,our;Gen.,plur.;
avn,horses,Acc.,plur.,m.;
anvetu,shouldfollow,Imperv.,3pers.,sing.,ofanui,2.P.,tofollow;
p,Nom.,sing.,m.;
anna,food,Acc.,sing.,n.;
rakantau,protecting,Nom.,dual,m.;Pres.,Part.,ofrak;
bahudh,inmanyways,ind.;
virpam,various,Acc.,sing.,m.;
vja,power,Acc.,sing.,m.;
sanut,shouldgrant,Imperv.,3per.,sing.,A.,ofsan,8.A.,togrant;
yajamnya,foryajamana,Dat.,sing.,m.;
yajam,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;

55

Tadavinvavayujopaytm|ubhagamihausuyamebhiravai|sva
nakatrahaviyajantau|madhvsampktauyajusamaktau|yau
devnbhiajauhavyavhau|vivasyadtvamtasyagopau|tau
nakatrajujuopaytm|namovibhykumovayugbhym||28||
ThusAshvinsshouldcome,whoareyokedwithHorses,
Movingswiftlyandbeautifullywiththeirperfectlycontrolledsteeds;
[To]theirowndomainthussacrificingbyoffering;
UnitedwithSacrificialformulaYajus,andsoakedinHoney,
Whoofthegodsarehealers,carryingtheoffering,
ThemessengersofUniverse,theguardiansofImmortality,
Theybothshouldcomeacceptinghappily[this]Constellation.
WesalutebothAshvins,thedriversofthehorses.

Vocabulary:
Tad,that,Nom.,sing.,n.;
Avinv,twoAshvins,Nom.,dual,m.;
Avin,m.du.,thetwocharioteers"'N.oftwodivinities(whoappearinthesky
beforethedawninagoldencarriagedrawnbyhorsesorbirds;theybring
treasurestomenandavertmisfortunesickness;theyareconsideredasthe
physiciansofheaven);aN.oftheNakshatrapresidedoverbytheAvins;the
headofAriesorthefirstofthe28Nakshatras;
Avayuj,twoyokedwithHorse,Nom.,dual.,m.;
upaytm,shouldapproach,Imperv.,dual,3pers.;ofupay,2.,P.,tocome
near;
ubha,happily,ind.,
gamihau,mostmoving,Nom.,dual.,m.;
suyamebhir,with/bywellcontrolled,Inst.,plur.,m.;
avai,byhorses,Inst.,plur.,m.;
sva,onesown,Nom.,sing.,n.;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
havi,byoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.;
yajantau,sacrificing,Nom.,dual.,m.,Pres.,Part.,ofyaj;
madhv,by/withhoney,Inst.,sing.,n.;
sampktau,mixed,Nom.,dual.,m.,pppofsampc,tomix,7.,tomix;
yaju,by/withYajus,Inst.,sing.,n.;
samaktau,united,prepared,Nom.,dual.,m.,pppofsamac,7.,tounite;
yau,who,Nom.,dual.,m.;
devn,ofthegods,Gen.,plur.,m.;
bhiajau,healers,Nom.,dual.,m.;

56

havyavhau,carriersofoffering,Nom.,dual.,m.;
vivasya,ofall,Gen.,sing.,m.;
dtau,messengers,Nom.,dual.,m.;
amtasya,ofimmortality,Gen.,sing.,m.;
gopau,protectors,Nom.,dual,m.;
tau,they,Nom.,dual,m.,oftad,that;
nakatra,Nom.,sing.,n.;
juju,happilyhavingaccepted,Nom.,dual.,m.;Perf.,Part.,A.,ofju6.;
upaytm,shouldapproach;Imperv.,sing.,3pers.,A.;upay;
namo,thesurrendersalutation;Acc.,sing.,n.;
avibhy,fortheAshvins,Dat.,dual.,m.;
kumo,wemake,1pers.,plur.,Pres.;
avayugbhym,fortheonesyokedwithhorses,Dat.,dual.,m.;

57

apappmnabhararbharantu|tadyamorjbhagavnvicam|
lokasyarjmahatomahnhi|suganapanthmabhayakotu|yasmin
nakatreyamaetirj|yasminnenamabhyaicantadev|tadasyacitra
haviyajma|apappmnabhararbharantu||29||
AwayshoulddriveBhara[our]sin,
That[constellationhere]YamaKing[our]BlissfulLordshouldmanifest.
TheKingoftheWorld,theGreatofthegreatindeed,
shouldcreateforusthepatheasytotrodandfearless.
IntheconstellationwhereYamaKingabides,
Inwhichthegodsinstallhimas[their]King,
Thatbrightlightofhisweshouldsacrificeastheoffering;
AndBharashoulddrive[our]sinaway.

Vocabulary:
Apa,away,ind.;
ppmna,sin,Acc.,sing.,m.;
bharar,Bharaniconstellation,Nom,plur.,f.;bhara,(alsopl.)N.ofthe7th
Nakshatra(containing3starsandfiguredbythepudendummuliebre);
bharantu,shouldcarry,Imperv.,plur.,3pers.;ofbh,1.,tocarry;
tad,that,Acc.,sing.,n.;
yamo,Yama,Nom.,sing.,m.;
rj,king,Nom.,sing.,m.;
bhagavn,Nom.,sing.,m.;
vicamshouldmanifest;shouldproclaim;Imperv.,sing.,3pers.,A;vicak,A.
cae,toappear,shineRV.;toseedistinctly,view,lookat,perceive,regard
RV.AV.BhP.;tomakemanifest,showRV.;toproclaim,announce,tellBr.
Lokasya,oftheworld,Gen.,sing.,m.;
Rj,king,Nom.,sing.,m.;
Mahato,ofthegreat,Gen.,sing.,m.;
mahn,great,Nom.,sing.,m.;
hi,indeed,ind.;
suga,perfectlygoing,Acc.,sing.,m.;
na,forus,Dat.,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad.;
panthm,Path,Acc.,sing.,m.;
abhaya,fearlessness,Acc.,sing.,n.
kotu,shouldmake,Imperv.,3pers.,sing.;P.;
yasmin,inwhich,Loc.,sing.,m./n.;
nakatre,Loc.,sing.,n.;
yama,Nom.,sing.,m.;

58

eti,goes,moves,3pers.,sing.,Pres.;
rj,king,Nom.,sing.,m.;
yasminn,inwhich,Loc.,sing.,m./n.;
enam,this,Acc.,sing.,m.;
abhyaicanta,consecrated,Imperf.,3pers.,plur.,A.;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m;
tad,that,Acc.,sing.,n.;
asya,ofthis;Gen.,sing.,m.;
citra,brightlight,consciouslight,Acc.,sing.,n,;
havi,by/asoffering,Inst.,sing.,n.;
yajma,weshouldsacrifice,Imperv.,1pers.,plur.;
apa,away,ind.;
ppmna,sin,Acc.,sing.,m.;
bharar,Bharaniconstellation,Nom,plur.,f.;bhara,(alsopl.)N.ofthe7th
Nakshatra(containing3starsandfiguredbythepudendummuliebre);
bharantu,shouldcarry,Imperv.,plur.,3pers.;ofbh,1.,tocarry;

59

niveansagamanvasnvivrpivasnyveayant|sahasrapoa
subhagrarsnaganvarcassavidn|yattedevadadhur
bhgadheyamamvsyesavasantomahitv|snoyajapiphivivavre
rayimnodhehisubhagesuvram||30||ontintinti|

Introducing[intothisworld]andgathering[here]theriches,
Producinganddeliveringtheuniversalformsofwealth,
Subhagbestows[uponus]thethousandfoldgrowth.
Shecomestousgloriouslyknowing,
Andwhatthegodsestablished[hereforus]astheportionof[our]enjoyment,
DwellingintheAmvsyabytheirgreatness,
Youthusfulfilforus,OBestowerofuniversalgifts,[inour]Sacrifice,
Establishforus[Knowledge]Wealth,fulloftheSupremePower,OSubhag!
OmPeace,Peace,Peace

Vocabulary:
niveanintroducing,Nom.,sing.,f.;niveana,mf()n.entering;goingor
bringingtorest;tosettle,encamp;introducing,employing;fixing,
impressing;cultivating,populating;foundingahousehold,marrying,marriage;
sagaman,gatheringtogether,Nom.,sing.,f.;sagamana,mf()n.gathering
together,agatherer;n.comingtogether,comingintocontactwith,meeting
with;
vasn,oftheVasus,Gen.,plur.,m.;
viv,all,Acc.,plur.,n.;
rpi,forms,Acc.,plur.,n.;
vasny,riches,Acc.,plur.,n,;
veayant,introducing,placing;Nom.,sing.,f.,Pres.,Part.,f.;vi,Caus.;
sahasrapoa,thousandfoldgrowth,Acc.,sing.,m.,Karmdh.;
subhag,Subhaga,Nom.,sing.,f.;
rarbestowing,Nom.,sing.,f.;Pres.,Part.,A.,rara,mfn.distributing,
bestowing,bountiful,liberalRV.
S,she,Nom.,sing.,f.;oftad,that;
Na,our,forus,Dat.,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad;
gan,came,Aor.,3pers.,plur.,ofg,3.,tocome;
varcas,with/bysplendour,Inst.,sing.,n.;varcas,n.vitalpower,vigour,
energy,activity,(esp.)theilluminatingpoweroffireorthesuni.e.brilliance,
lustre,light;splendour,glory;

60

savidn,knowing,Nom.,sing.,f.;Part.,Pres.,A.,ofsavid,2.P.A.,to
knowtogether,knowthoroughly,know,recognizeRV.&c.&c.toperceive,
feel,taste,tocometoanunderstanding,agreewith,approve(acc.);
yat,what,Acc.,sing.,n.;
te,your,Gen.,sing.,oftvad,you;
dev,gods,Nom.,plur.,m.;
adadhur,established,Imperf.,3person,plur.,P.,ofdh,3.,toestablish;
bhgadheyam,portion,Acc.,sing.,n.;ofbhgadheya,n.ashare,portion,
property,lot,fate,destiny;happiness,prosperity;
amvsye,inthenightofanewmoon;Loc.,sing.,n.ofamvsya,n.
neighbourhood;mfn.borninanamvsyanight;thenightofnewmoon(when
thesunandmoondwelltogether;),thefirstdayofthefirstquarteronwhich
themoonisinvisible;asacrificeofferedatthattime;
savasanto,dwellingtogether,Nom.,plur.,m.,Pres.,Part.,ofsamvas,1.,to
dwelltogether;
mahitv,bygreatness,ind.;
s,she,Nom.,sing.,f.,oftad,that;
no,our,Gen.,plur.,ofasmad,we;
yaja,sacrifice,Acc.,sing.,m.;
piphi,fulfill,Imperv.,2pers.,sing.,ofp,3.,tofulfill;
vivavre,OBountiful,Voc.,sing.,f.;
rayim,wealth,Acc.,sing.,m.;
no,for/tous,Dat.,plur.,ofasmad;
dhehi,establish,Imperv.,2pers.,sing.;ofdh,3.,toestablish;
subhage,OPossessorofPerfectEnjoyment,OSupremeDelight,Voc.,sing.,f.;
ofsubhaga,mfn.possessinggoodfortune,veryfortunateorprosperous,lucky
,happy,blessed,highlyfavoured;beautiful,lovely,charming,pleasing,
pretty;f.goodfortune.
Suvram,ofperfectpower;Acc.,sing.,m.
nti,peace,Nom.,sing.,f.;

61

Appendix
1
Vocabulary:
kttik,f.pl.;N.ofaconstellation(thePleiads,originallythefirst,butinlater
timesthethirdlunarmansion,havingAgniasitsregent;thisconstellation,
containingsixstars,issometimesrepresentedasaflameorasakindofrazor
orknife;fortheiroldestnamesseeTS.iv,4,5,1;inmythol.thesixKrittikas
arenymphswhobecamethenursesofthegodofwar,Karttikeya)
abhisavas,5.A.(pr.p.2.vasna)tosettleround(acc.)togetherTBr.;4.A.(pr.
p.1.vasna)towrapone'sselfinto(acc.);
s,4n.(?)mouth,face;
vicakaa,mfn.conspicuous,visible,bright,radiant,splendidRV.AV.Br.;
distinct,perceptible;clearsighted(lit.andfig.),sagacious,clever,wise,
experiencedorversedin,familiarwith(loc.orcomp.)RV.&c.&c.

2
Vocabulary:
Citrabhnu,mfn.ofvariegatedlustre,shiningwithlight;the16thyearinthe60
years"'cycleofJupiter;
Savra,mfn.withretainersorfollowersTBr.

3
Vocabulary:
Mgara,n.theNakshatraMgaras;

4
Vocabulary:
prath,1.A,tospread,extend(intrans.;P.trans.andintrans.),becomelarger
orwider,increaseRV.&c.&c.tospreadabroad(asaname,rumour&c.),
becomeknownorcelebrated;tocometolight,appear,arise;
aghaasa,mfn.wishingevil,wickedRV.TBr.
ri,4.P,toinjure,hurt,harm,destroy,ruin;(Caus.reayati;aor.arriat),to
hurt,injure,harm,causetomiscarryorfail;
heti,f.(fr.hi;inlaterlanguagealsom.amissileweapon,anyweapon(also
personified);stroke,woundSy.;Agni'sweapon,flame,light;rapidmotion,
shot,impact(ofabowstring);
parivj,7.P.,toturnoutofthewayof(acc.),avoid,shun,spare,passover;to
castout,expel;toavoid,shun,quit,abandon,notheed,disregardMn.MBh.
&c.

62

ardra,wet,moist,soft,tender,fulloffeeling,warm;f.thefourthorsixth
Nakshatraorlunarmansion;
aghaasa,mfn.wishingevil,wickedTBr.
aghniya,m.`"nottobekilled,abull;f.acow;
artivan,mfn.hostile,inimicalRV.

5
Vocabulary:
Sp,cl.5.P.torelease,extricateordeliverfrom(abl.),save,gain,win;
Anarva,mfn.nottobelimited,nottobeobstructed,irresistibleRV.
Eva,2mfn.,going,moving,speedy,quickTBr.;m.course,way(generallyinstr.
pl.)RV.theearth,world;

6
Vocabulary:
Ptan,f.battle,contest,strife;ahostilearmament,army;inlatertimesesp.a
smallarmyordivision;
Tiya,m.N.ofaheavenlyarcher(likeKrishanu)andofthe6thNakshatraofthe
oldor8thoftheneworderRV.

7
Vocabulary:
Ki,6.P.,toabide,stay,dwell,reside(usedespeciallyofanundisturbedor
secretresidence)RV.
gamiha,mfn.(superl.)comingwithpleasureorquicklyRV.approachingany
one(acc.)withgreatwillingnessorrapidityTBr.
rea/lea,m.intimateconnection,contactembracing,embraceintwining;
f.andf.pl.N.oftheseventhNakshatra;
madhumat,mfn.possessingorcontainingsweetness,sweet,mixedwith
honey;richinhoney,richlyprovidedwiththejuiceofflowers;
sarpa,mf()n.creeping,crawlingstealingalong;m.asnake,serpent,serpent
demon;tortuousmotionRV.&c.&c.;apartic.constellation(whenonlythe
threeunfavourableplanetsaresituatedinthethreeKendras);

8
Vocabulary:
Magha,m.agift,reward,bounty;wealth,powerib.;f.(alsopl.),N.ofthe
southor15thNakshatra(sometimesregardedasawifeoftheMoon)AV.&c.
&c.
Suktya,mfn.performingone'sdutiesTBr.

63

Prayata,mfn.outstretched,farextendedRV.AV.placedupon(loc.)RV.offered
,presented,given,granted,bestowedRV.&c.&c.piouslydisposed,intenton
devotion,wellpreparedforasolemnrite(withloc.orifc.),rituallypure(also
appliedtoavesselandaplaceA1past.R.),selfsubdued,dutiful,careful,
prudent;
Agnidagda,mfn.burntonafuneralpile;m.pl.aclassofPitriswho,whenon
earth,maintainedasacredfire;

9
Vocabulary:
Phalguna,mf()n.reddish,redVS.TS.bornundertheNakshatraPhalgun,(sg.
du.andpl.)N.ofadoublelunarmansion(prvanduttar)AV.&c.&c.

10
Vocabulary:
Bhagavat,mfn.possessingfortune,fortunate,prosperous,happy;glorious,
illustrious,divine,adorable,venerable;holy(appliedtogods,demigods,and
saintsasatermofaddress,eitherinvoc.bhagavan,bhagavas,bhagos;
Vitta,mfn.found,acquired,gained,obtained,possessed;caughtorseized
by;n.anythingfound,afind;acquisition,wealth,property,goods,substance
,money,powerRV.;thesecondastrologicalmansionVarYogay.
Upasamnuda,P.toimpelnearortowards,bringnear,procureTBr.iii,1,1,8;
Prasava,m.(forprasu)settingorbeingsetinmotion,impulse,course,rush,
flight;stimulation,furtherance,aid;pursuit,acquisitionVS.;m.begetting,
procreation,generation,conception,parturition,delivery,birth,originVS.
&c.&c.offspring,posterity;

11
Vocabulary:
Suvt,mfn.turningorrunningwell(asachariot)RV.TBr.
Papuri,mfn.(p)bountiful,liberalabundantRV.
Vidmanpas,mfn.(fr.instr.ofvidman,+apas)workingskilfullyorcarefullyRV.
AV.
Vasyas,mfn.(compar.ofvasu;cf.vasihaandvasyas)morewealthyoropulent
,moreexcellent,betterthan,(abl.)TS.Br.;
Pras,1.P.,tosetinmotion,rousetoactivity,urge,incite,impel,bid,
command;toallow,giveupto,deliverAV.Br.;tohurl;
Vid,2.P.;vidati,te,toknow,understand,perceive,learn,becomeorbe
acquaintedwith,beconsciousof;

64

12
Vocabulary:
citra,mfn.conspicuous,excellent,distinguishedRV.;bright,clear,bright
colouredRV.;variegated,spotted,speckled(withinstr.orincomp.);f.Spica
virginis,the12th(inlaterreckoningthe14th)lunarmansionAV.,TBr.;
subhasas,mfn.(prob.)havingabeautifulmoonsVenerisTBr.;
Bhasas,n.apartic.partoftheintestineorabdomenRV.AV.;
pi,6.P.,tohewout,carve,prepare(esp.meat),makeready,adorn;
fashion,mouldRV.TBr.
Vicak,A,toappear,shineRV.;toseedistinctly,view,lookat,perceive,
regardRV.AV.;tomakemanifest,showRV.;toproclaim,announce,tellBr.;
San,1.P.,8.P.A.,togain,acquire,obtainasagift,possess,enjoy;togainfor
another,procure,bestow,give,distributeRV.;(A.)tobesuccessful,be
grantedorfulfilled;
Samac,(onlyind.p.acya),tobendtogether;Pass.acyate,tobepressedor
throwntogether;

13
Vocabulary:
Niya,mfn.(fr.nis+tya)external,foreign,strange;f.N.ofalunarmansion
(=svti);
Tigmasga,mfn.sharphornedRV.TBr.iii.;
Samrayan,Caus.rayati,te,tocausetomove,setinmotion,impel,agitate,
urgeon,sendforthRV.TBr.;tobringabout,accomplish,produce,create;

14
Vocabulary:
Vikha,mfn.branched,forked;branchless;bornundertheconstellation;(also
du.orpl.)the14th(later16th)lunarasterism(figuredbyadecoratedarchand
containingfourororiginallytwostarsundertheregencyofadualdivinity,
IndraandAgni;itisprobablytobeconnectedwiththequadrangleofstars
Librae);
Anumad,torejoiceover,togladden,topraiseRV.&c.
Kudh,f.hunger;

15
Vocabulary:
Pra,mfn.filled,full,filledwithorfullof(instr.orgen.orcomp.);abundant,
rich;fulfilled,finished,accomplished,ended,past;complete,all,entire;()

65

f.N.ofthe15thKalofthemonth;ofthe5th,10thand15thTithis;fulness,
plenty,abundance;
Pauramsa,mf()n.relatingtothefullmoon,usualorcustomaryatfullmoon,
havingthefullmoon;m.n.fullmoonsacrifice;
Nka,m.(nam[?];vaultofheaven,firmament,sky(generallyconceivedas
threefoldcf.tridiva,trinka;thereisafivefoldscale,viz.pthiv,antarika,
div,divonka,andsvarjyotis)
Duh,mfn.Milking,yielding,granting;
Sajoas,mfn.associatedtogether,united,beingoractinginharmonywith
(instr.);ind.togetherRV.
pyai,A.toswell,increasetoenlarge,strengthenMBh.:Caus.pyyayati,to
causetoswell

16
Vocabulary:
dh,4.P.,togrow,increase,prosper,succeed;tocausetoincreaseorprosper
,promote,makeprosperous,accomplish;Pass.dhyate,tobepromoted,
increase,prosper,succeed;
ddhi,f.increase,growth,prosperity,success,goodfortune,wealth;
accomplishment,perfection,supernaturalpower;
anrdhas,mfn.causingwelfare,happinessAV.;mf.pl.=anurdhsq.v.TS.
TBr
mitradheya,n.acovenantorcontractoffriendship.

17
Vocabulary:
Jyehamfn.mostexcellent,preeminent,first,chief.best,greatest;(m.)the
chief;f.the16th(oraccord.tomodernreckoning18th)lunarmansion(sacred
toIndra);(alsopl.)the8thyearintheJupitercycleof12years;
Vtratrya,n.conquestofenemiesorVritra,battle,victoryRV.
Puradara,m.`destroyerofstrongholds;N.ofIndra;
Aha,(orinRV.alha)mfn.nottobeovercome,invincible;bornunderthe
NakshatraAshadha;m.themonth(generallycalled)shdhaL.;f.sg.orpl.N.of
twolunarmansions(distinguishedaspinvanduttara,`"theformer"'andthe
latter"',andreckonedeitherastheeighteenthandnineteenth[TBr.]orasthe
twentiethandtwentyfirst;
ha,m.N.ofamonth(correspondingtopartofJuneandJuly)inwhichthe
fullmoonisneartheconstellationAshha;thetwentyfirstandtwentysecond
lunarmansions(commonlycompoundedwithprvaanduttara)L.()f.theday
offullmooninthemonthAshdha;(mfn.)belongingtothemonthAshdha.

66

Sahamna,mfn.conquering,victoriousAV.TBr.;N.ofthatpartoftheframe
enshriningtheUniversalSpiritwhichfacesthesouth;

18
Vocabulary:
Mla,n.firmlyfixed,aroot;theedge(ofthehorizon);basis,foundation,
cause,origin,commencement,beginning;alsom.andf.N.ofthe17th(or
19th)lunarmansion;
Samakta,mfn.prepared,madereadyRV.furnishedwith(instr.)ib.combinedor
unitedwith(instr.)TBr.
Nirti,f.dissolution,destruction,calamity,evil,adversity;(personifiedasthe
goddessofdeathandcorruptionandoftenassociatedwithMrityu;isregentof
thesouthandoftheasterismMla[Var.])
Parc,mfn.directedorgoingawayortowardssomeplacebeyond;turned
away,averted,distant,turningfrom,beingbeyondoroutsideof(abl.),not
returning,doneawaywith,gone;

19
Vocabulary:
Syona,mfn.soft,gentle,pleasant,agreeable(esp.towalkuponorsitupon),
mild,tenderRV.;delight,happiness(=sukha);
Vaianta,mf()n.containedinorformingatank;
Prsaca,mf()n.congealed(water)TBr.;m.congealing,freezingTS.

20
Vocabulary:
Ki,f.(exceptionallypl.)ploughing,cultivationofthesoil,agriculture;the
cultivationofthesoilpersonified;theharvest

21
Vocabulary:
Abhijit,mfn.victorious;bornundertheconstellationAbhijit;ofthe20th(or
22nd)Nakshatra;theeighthMuhrtaoftheday(aboutmidday);

22
Vocabulary:
roa,mfn.(=2.ravaa)lame,limping,acrippleRV.;cooked,dressed,
matured;f.theconstellationravanTS.;

23

67

Vocabulary:
Rajas,n.`"colouredordimspace"',thesphereofvapourormist,regionof
clouds,atmosphere,air,firmament,`"thelowerandhigheratmospheres"';
sometimesalsothree;vapour,mist,clouds,gloom,dimness,darkness;
impurity,dirt,dust,anysmallparticleofmatte;the`"darkening"'quality,
passion,emotion,affection;
samvatsara,mfn.yearly,annual,recurringeveryyearRV.

24
Vocabulary:
atabhaj,mf.`requiringahundredphysicians;N.ofthe22ndor24th
Nakshatra(containing100stars,oneofwhichisAquarii;itsnameissaidto
denotethatDhanvantarihimselfcannotcureapersonaffectedwithdisease
whilstthemoonisinthisasterism)TBr.
prt,1P.A.,(Ved.alsotirati,te);inf.%{ti4ram}),togotosea,passover,
cross;torise,thrive,prosper;toraise,elevate,augment,increase,further,
promote;toextend:prolong,toextend,widen;
bheaj,mfn.,curing,healing,sanative;n.aremedy,medicine,medicament,
drug,remedyagainst(gen.orcomp.);aspellorcharm;

25
Vocabulary:
aja,m.adrove,troop(ofMaruts);adriver,mover,instigator,leader;N.of
Indra,ofRudra,ofoneoftheMaruts,ofAgni,ofthesun,theleaderofaflock
ahegoat,ram;thesignAries
ekapd,m.asinglefoot;onequarter;
prasava,m.settingorbeingsetinmotion,impulse,course,rush,flight;
stimulation,furtherance,aid;pursuit,acquisition;m.begetting,procreation,
generation,conception,parturition,delivery,birth,origin;m.thepressing
out(Somajuice);
ugra,mfn.,powerful,violent,mighty,impetuous,strong,huge,formidable,
terriblehigh,noblecruel,fierce,ferocious,savageangry,passionate,
wrathfulhot,sharp,pungent,acrid;

26
Vocabulary:
Ahirbudhniya,nom.sg.m.,theserpentofthedeep(enumeratedinNaigh.v,4
andNir.x,44amongthedivinitiesofthemiddleregion,theabyssinwhichhe
livesbeingthatoftheregionofmist);allegoricallyidentifiedwithAgni

68

Grhapatya;devatsf.pl.orhavingAhirbudhnyaasdeity"',theNakshatra
UttaraBhadrapad;
Somya,consistingoforcontainingorconnectedwithorbelongingtoSoma;
Somaloving,inspiredbySomya4RV.
Prohapada,m.(andf.);sg.du.andpl.`thefootofastool;N.ofadouble
Nakshatraofthe3rdand4thlunarmansions;
Budhnya,mfn.beingonthegroundoratthebase,comingfromorbelongingto
thedepthsRV.,(veryofteninconnexionwithahi);N.ofasonofthe14thManu
VP.
Pariadya,mfn.tobesoughtafterRV.;(Nir.`"tobeavoided"'Sy.sufficient,
adequate,competent"')tobeworshippedVS.;(Mahi1dh.`belongingtoan
assembly');m.amemberofanassembly,spectator,guestL.

27
Vocabulary:
Revat,f.N.ofthefifthNakshatra;awomanbornundertheNakshatraRevati;
Pan,m.;N.ofaVedicdeityconnectedwiththesun,andthereforethe
surveyorofallthings,andtheconductoronjourneysandonthewaytothe
nextworld,oftenassociatedwithSomaortheMoonasprotectorofthe
universe;heis,moreover,regardedasthekeeperofflocksandherdsand
bringerofprosperity;intheBrahmanasheisrepresentedashavinglosthis
teethandfeedingonakindofgruel,whenceheiscalledkarambhd;inlater
timesheisoneofthe12AdityasandregentoftheNakshatraRevatior
Paushna;
puipati,m.thelordofprosperityorwelfare;
vjapastya,mfn.possessingorbestowingahousefullofwealthortreasureRV.
Prayata,mfn.outstretched,farextended;placedupon(loc.)RV.;offered,
presented,given,granted,bestowed;piouslydisposed,intentondevotion,
wellpreparedforasolemnrite;
Vja,m.strength,vigour,energy,spirit,speed;ind.mightily,greatly;the
prizeofaraceorofbattle,booty,gain,reward,anypreciousorvaluable
possession,wealth,treasureRV.

28
Vocabulary:
Avin,m.du.,thetwocharioteers"'N.oftwodivinities(whoappearinthesky
beforethedawninagoldencarriagedrawnbyhorsesorbirds;theybring
treasurestomenandavertmisfortunesickness;theyareconsideredasthe
physiciansofheaven);aN.oftheNakshatrapresidedoverbytheAvins;the
headofAriesorthefirstofthe28Nakshatras;

69

29
Vocabulary:
Bhara,(alsopl.)N.ofthe7thNakshatra(containing3starsandfiguredbythe
pudendummuliebre);
Vicak,A.cae,toappear,shineRV.;toseedistinctly,view,lookat,
perceive,regardRV.AV.BhP.;tomakemanifest,showRV.;toproclaim,
announce,tellBr.

30
Vocabulary:
Niveana,mf()n.entering;goingorbringingtorest;tosettle,encamp;
introducing,employing;fixing,impressing;cultivating,populating;foundinga
household,marrying,marriageBhP.
Sagamana,mf()n.gatheringtogether,agatherer;n.comingtogether,
comingintocontactwith,meetingwith;
Rara,mfn.distributing,bestowing,bountiful,liberalRV.
Savid,2.P.A.,toknowtogether,knowthoroughly,know,recognizeRV.&c.
&c.toperceive,feel,taste,tocometoanunderstanding,agreewith,approve
(acc.);
Varcas,n.vitalpower,vigour,energy,activity,(esp.)theilluminatingpowerof
fireorthesuni.e.brilliance,lustre,light;splendour,glory;
Bhgadheya,n.ashare,portion,property,lot,fate,destiny;happiness,
prosperity;
Amvsya,n.neighbourhood;mfn.borninanamvsyanight;thenightofnew
moon(whenthesunandmoondwelltogether;),thefirstdayofthefirst
quarteronwhichthemoonisinvisible;asacrificeofferedatthattime
Subhaga,mfn.possessinggoodfortune,veryfortunateorprosperous,lucky,
happy,blessed,highlyfavoured;beautiful,lovely,charming,pleasing,pretty;
f.goodfortune.