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Key Commands:

pole() zero() tf() tfdata() roots() tf2zp() zp2tf() poly() residue() impulse() step() pzmap() use of pole ( ), zero ( ) For finding pole and zero we can use pole( ) and zero( ) function. Example:-

Use of roots ( ) A transfer function can be described by its poles (roots of the denominator) and zeros (roots of the numerator). The roots() function can be used to find the roots of a polynomial. To find the zeros and poles of our example system, type: zeros = roots(num) poles = roots(den) Example:-

Use of poly( ) Another way to represent of a system and a pole/zero representation is to use the poly() function. This is the inverse of the roots(). num = poly(zeros) den = poly(poles)

Example:-

poly(

) returns a polynomial with a highest-order coefficient of one.

Use of pole-zero form and doing "conversions"

Use of zpdata ( )

Use of Residue( )

Example :-

The residue function can also be used to form the transfer-function polynomials (numerator and denominator) from the partial-fraction expansion using the command

[num, den] = residue(r, p, k)

Use of pzmap pzmap(sys) creates a pole-zero plot of the continuous- or discrete-time dynamic system model sys. For SISO systems, pzmap plots the transfer function poles and zeros. For MIMO systems, it plots the system poles and transmission zeros. The poles are plotted as x's and the zeros are plotted as o's. pzmap(sys1,sys2,...,sysN) creates the pole-zero plot of multiple models on a single figure. The models can have different numbers of inputs and outputs and can be a mix of continuous and discrete systems. [p,z] = pzmap(sys) returns the system poles and (transmission) zeros in the column vectors p and z. Example :-

Use of iopzmap iopzmap(sys) computes and plots the poles and zeros of each
input/output pair of the dynamic system model are plotted as o's.

sys. The poles are plotted as x's and the zeros

iopzmap(sys1,sys2,...) shows the poles and zeros of multiple models sys1,sys2,... on a single plot. You can specify distinctive colors for each model, as in iopzmap(sys1,'r',sys2,'y',sys3,'g').. For model arrays, iopzmap plots the poles and
zeros of each model in the array on the same diagram.

Example :-

Using colour:-

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