Toliver 1 Jamel Toliver Puckett, Caleb RESEARCH-TECHNIQUES-&-TECHNOLOGY 11/17/13 How population growth has affected Americas growth and

development Bibliographic Essay (part 1) My Bibliographic Essay is about How population growth has affected Americas growth and development for my first source I have found a is an article by (Jesup W. Scott The Promise of the Great Plains, Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=386019&query=population+growth) with says Every year is adding, by natural increase and immigration, materially to this number. From the old states and from Europe, an annual tide pours into it, rich with the youth and vigor inherited from generations inured to think and to labor. This tide, increasing from year to year, promises to swell from hundreds of thousands to millions; and, so far is this influx from lessening the inducements to future immigration that every million newcomers creates new comforts for the common use of the millions who follow. I picked this part of the article because I feel it says what my topic is looking for. I believe that this was the point from where the growth of America really took off. As more immigrant came over for Europe and even the old states to the west. My second source is from( " Slums and Tenant Housing in New York," Annals of American History.

Toliver 2 http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=385967&query=population+growth) the part of this article that I liked says The tenant house is the offspring of municipal neglect as well as of its primary causes, overpopulation and destitution. As a city grows in commerce and demands new localities for traffic and manufacture, the store and workshop encroach upon the dwelling house and dispossess its occupants. At first the habitations of citizens are removed to a limited distance, because, with an industrious population, time is money, and neighborhood of residence and business secures both economy and convenience. The merchant and master, then, find it for their interest to dwell in the vicinity of their active operations; and so, likewise, do the mechanic, laborer, and all dependent on business life. It is at this stage of a community's growth that proper regulations and restrictions, looking to the ultimate well-being of the city, are of paramount necessity. Had the evils which now appall us been prevented or checked in their earlier manifestation by wise and simple laws, the city of New York would now exhibit more gratifying bills of health, more general social comfort and prosperity, and less, far less, expenditure for the support of pauperism and of crime. I chose this one because it talks about what can happen when there is a overpopulation of people in one area this. When there is little room there are not many places to sleep, things to eat, and it just became a very uneasy placed to live. My third source is from an article that I found by (Frederick Law Olmsted " The Unplanned Growth of Cities," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=386314&query=population+growth) As railroads are improved, all the important stations will become centers or subcenters of towns, and all the minor stations suburbs. For most ordinary, everyday purposes, especially housekeepers' purposes, these will need no very large population before they can obtain urban advantages. I have seen a settlement, the resident population of which was under 300, in which there was a

Toliver 3 public laundry, bathhouse, barber's shop, billiard room, beer garden, and bakery. Fresh rolls and fresh milk were supplied to families before breakfast time every morning; fair fruit and succulent vegetables were delivered at house doors not half an hour after picking; and newspapers and magazines were distributed by a carrier. I have seen a town of not more than 1,200 inhabitants, the streets and the yards, alleys, and places of which were swept every day as regularly as the house floors, and all dust removed by a public dustman. It talks about how an area well develops to fit the needs of the population that lives there to make it a more nice and easier place to live which well make more people want to come and live there with well the area well grow bigger and develop even more. Before I go on I would live to state that I am getting these articles on an online database called Annals of American History I have other database that I use but most of the article that Im using are from Annals of American History so to move forward my fourth source is from an article by (Henry J. Fletcher " Migration to the Cities," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=386572&query=population+growth) with states It is a striking characteristic of our period that it is a period of universal transition, in which large masses of people, apparently against their own interests, leave the country where homes are cheap, the air pure, all men equal, and extreme poverty unknown, and crowd into cities where all these conditions are reversed. When this movement has proceeded too fast and the cities have become swollen with a surplus population for whom there is no employment, when urban expansion has far outrun the growth of the contributory territory and this condition has become excessive and universal, a panic interrupts this concentration for a time, until the proper balance between town and country is reestablished. The more rapid, therefore, the process of centralization, the more frequent and intense must be the periods of depression needed to correct

Toliver 4 it. This piece of the article is good because its points out how people sometimes move from a place with a smaller population that is a good place to live, everybody knows everybody and living there does not cost a lot, to a place that has a bigger population where well like the article said, where all this thing are reversed. My firth source is an article that I found on the same data base as the others but it does not tell me who original wrote it but it is call (Urban Problems," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=386845&query=population+growth) and the part of this article that I want to point out for my topic is As America pitches back and forth between alternate depression and recurrent prosperity, it is in the nation's cities that the shadow of economic insecurity is darkest. For in the city will be found the workshop of our industrial society and the nerve center of our vast and delicate commercial mechanism. In 1935 one-fifth of all the employable persons on relief in the country were to be found in our ten largest cities. Subject to continuing unemployment, lacking the rural reserves of shelter and subsistence, the city worker is seriously handicapped in the struggle for existence. this piece of the article is stating most of or working population is in the citys, cause back then most of the working population were in rural areas and not In factory in the citys, this only occurred when the population of America grow to the point where the need for jobs where high so people started to move to the citys to find them. Now my sixth source is an article by Henry Pratt Fairchild (American Nationality and the Melting Pot," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=386749&query=population+growth) As far as the United States is concerned, the first and most direct effect of unrestricted immigration is a retardation, if not a definite lowering, of the standard of living of the common people. It is the

Toliver 5 search for a higher standard of living which, more than anything else, brings the immigrant here. The standard of the American is higher than his. He can raise his by coming. If in the process he lowers the standard of the American, that is no concern of his. Nor would this lowering of the American standard, however repugnant to the sentiment of American patriotism, be inconsistent with the principle of liberalism if the final result were an improvement in the general average of comfort of all concerned, native and foreigner alike. If the total gain won by the foreigners more than offset the total loss suffered by the natives, the result would be a more even distribution of benefits wholly consistent with liberalism. This source that I picked because it states how someone who is immigrating to America might feel when they get here. They want to better themselves they want their family to have a better life they dont care how they make the country look. They come to America to start over but this rises the demand for jobs. Now for my seventh source (John F. Kennedy Federal Aid to Education," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=387339&query=population+growth) the piece of the article that Im liked says Our progress in education over the last generation has been substantial. We are educating a greater proportion of our youth to a higher degree of competency than any other country on earth. One-fourth of our total population is enrolled in our schools and colleges. This year $26 billion will be spent on education alone. But the needs of the next generation the needs of the next decade and the next school year will not be met at this level of effort. More effort will be required on the part of students, teachers, schools, colleges, and all fifty states and on the part of the federal government. You see I like this one because it talks about the need to educate the population mostly the children of the country because they are the next ones in line. Back in 1961 is when this article was done now if you stop and think

Toliver 6 are population has grown since then so it is now more than one-fourth and more than 26 billion being spent. My eight source is John L. O'Sullivan " Our Manifest Destiny," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=385890&query=population+growth Which says And they will have a right to independence to self-government to the possession of the homes conquered from the wilderness by their own labors and dangers, sufferings and sacrifices a better and a truer right than the artificial title of sovereignty in Mexico, a thousand miles distant, inheriting from Spain a title good only against those who have none better. Their right to independence will be the natural right of self-government belonging to any community strong enough to maintain it distinct in position, origin and character, and free from any mutual obligations of membership of a common political body, binding it to others by the duty of loyalty and compact of public faith. This will be their title to independence; and by this title, there can be no doubt that the population now fast streaming down upon California will both assert and maintain that independence. I like this one because it talks alittle about the great moment that was called manifest destiny the moment to the new land that was said to have promise in it. My nineth source is Roy Beck " Small Towns, New Immigrants," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=390336&query=population+growth a actulte that I found on Annals of American thats says It all began simply enough, when a few churches and individuals in Wausau, Wisconsin, decided to resettle some Southeast Asian refugees during the late 1970s. To most residents, it seemed like a nice thing to do. Nobody meant to plant the seeds for a social transformation. But this small and private charitable gesture

Toliver 7 inadvertently set into motion events that many residents today feel are spinning out of control. Wausauthe county seat of the nation's champion milk-producing countyhas learned that once the influx starts, there's little chance to stop it. Regardless of how many newcomers failed to find jobs in this north-central Wisconsin city of 37,500, or how abraded the social fabric became, the immigrant population just kept growing. This one really hit man point in says that no matter what the condition of the land ours how hard it is to find jobs there well always people coming over, the population well always grow. My tenth source is by Calvin Colton " Manual for Emigrants to America," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=385596&query=population+growth I like this one because its says. The importance of a nation is physical and moral. Its physical importance consists generally in the extent and resources of its soil, and its commercial advantages. The moral power of a nation is estimated by the amount and character of the population, and by the nature of its institutions. Population is also a component element of the physical power of a community. It talks about the way a nation uses it population as a resources. My Eveleth source is from a article by Ronald Reagan " Address to the Nation on the Economy," Annals of American History. http://america.eb.com/america/article?articleId=387582&query=population+growth it says I'm sure you're getting the idea that the audit presented to me found government policies of the last few decades responsible for our economic troubles. We forgot or just overlooked the fact that governmentany governmenthas a built-in tendency to grow. Now, we all had a hand in

Toliver 8 looking to government for benefits as if government had some source of revenue other than our earnings. Many if not most of the things we thought of or that government offered to us seemed attractive. This one takes about the growth of the government as a population grows so to does the government that rules over them. And my last sources come from a website by Author: Fred Elbel. Edited by Dick Schneider. Called http://www.susps.org/overview/immigration.html with talks about U.S. Immigration, Population Growth, and the Environment and the piece of the texts I like is Unless we act to change our country's immigration policies, U.S. population will double this century - practically within the lifetimes of children born today.5 By the year 2020, if current population trends continue, the U.S. will add enough population to create another New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco, Indianapolis, San Jose, Memphis, Washington D.C., Jacksonville, Milwaukee, Boston, Columbus, New Orleans, Cleveland, Denver, Seattle, and El Paso - plus the next 75 largest cities in the U.S.3 - if we don't act now to stabilize U.S. population. It is a little for warning to what might happen if the population is not looked after. Part 2 I choose each and ever one of these sources because I felt that they each talk about, go with and just get straight to the point of the topic and I belvea they do meet the stander of my bibliographic essay, because they summarize, analyze, evaluate, and smoothly synthesize my topic very well

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