Ari Proodos

02.
qxd
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16
Page 275
. .
, (), N*, , :
+1 = + + 1 =

1 . O ()
:
= 1 + ( 1), *

( N* ) :
> 0, ( + 1 > ).
< 0, ( + 1 < ).
= 0, .
275
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5:
, , .
.

, ,
2 = + =
+
.
2

( N*) 1 . S
,
S = 1 + 2 + ... + , :
S = (1 + ) S = [21 + ( 1)]
2
2
1, 2, ..., ( N*)

276
1 1
1
.
,
, ...,
1 2
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16.

: 1 ( N* )
( ).
1.
2, 5, 12, 19, ...

.
1 = 2, 2 = 5, 3 = 12, 4 = 19.
, 2 1 = 3 2 = 4 3 = 7,
= 7.
2. () = 3 2,
*.
:
1 = 3 2 [3( 1) 2] = 3 2 (3 3 2) =
= 3 2 3 + 3 + 2 = 3, ,
() = 3.
2

: ,
1 .
277
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5:
3. :
) 2, 11, 20, 29, ..., ) 10, 7, 4, 1, 2, ...
) 11 2 = 20 11 = 29 20 = 9, = 1 + ( 1)
= 9 1 = 2.
= 2 + ( 1) 9 = 2 + 9 9 = 9 7, N*.
) 7 10 = 4 7 = 1 4 = 2 1 = 3,
= 3 1 = 10.
:
= 10 + ( 1) (3) = 10 3 + 3 = 3 + 13, N*.
4. :
) 23 3, 9, 15, 21, ...,
) 91 1, 2, 5, 8, ...
) 1 = 3 = 6,
:
= 3 + ( 1) 6 = 3 + 6 6
= 1 + ( 1)
= 6 3, N*.
= 23 : 23 = 6 23 3 = 138 3 23 = 135.
) 1 = 1 = 3,
:
= 1 + ( 1) (3) = 1 3 + 3 = 3 + 4, N*.
= 91 : 91 = 3 91 + 4 = 273 + 4 91 = 269.
5. 6 () 5

11 15,

.
, = 1 + ( 1), N*. :
= 6 : 6 = 1 + (6 1) 5 = 1 + 5 ().
= 11 : 11 = 1 + (11 1) 15 = 1 + 10 ().
() () 15 5 = 10 5 10 = 5 = 2
() : 5 = 1 + 5 2 5 = 1 + 10 1 = 5.
6. 21 ,
83 35 139, 47.
278
*,
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16.
, = 1 + ( 1), N*. :
= 21 : 21 = 1 + (21 1) 83 = 1 + 20 ().
= 35 : 35 = 1 + (35 1) 139 = 1 + 34 ().
() () 139 83 = 34 20 56 = 14 = 4
() : 83 = 1 + 20 4 83 = 1 + 80 1 = 3.
= 3 + ( 1) 4 = 3 + 4 4 = 4 1, N*
= 47 : 47 = 4 47 1 47 = 187.
7. 1 = 5 = 6.

67.
: = 5 + ( 1) (6) = 5 6 + 6
= 6 + 11, N*.
= 67 6 + 11 = 67 6 = 78 = 13.
13 = 67.
8. ) 137 785.
) x
5x + 1 11 3x 2.
) :
+ 137 + 785 922

=
=
= 461.
2
2
2
) (3x 2) (5x + 1) 11,
: 2(3x 2) = (5x + 1) + 11
6x 4 = 5x + 1 + 11 6x 5x = 1 + 11 + 4 x = 16.
=
9. , ,
* 2, 2, 2
,

1
1
1
,
,
+ + +
.
, ,
2, 2, 2

, 22 = 2 + 2 ().

2 = + .
279
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Page 280
5:
1
1
1
,
,
+ + +
, :
2
1
1
1
2
+ ++
=
+
=
+ ( + )( + )
+ + +
2( + )( + ) = ( + )( + 2 + )
22 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + + + 2 + 2
22 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
22 = 2 + 2, (), .
10. , , ,
,
+ 5 + 5 + 4 8 + 2 + 2 4 = 0,
, , , .
2 + 52 + 52 + 2 4 8 + 2 + 2 4 = 0
2 + 42 + 2 + 42 + 2 + 2 4 4 4 + 2 + 2 4 = 0
(2 )2 + (2 )2 = 0
, ,
2 = 0 2 = 0

2 = + 2 = +

, , , ,
2 = + .

, , , .
2
11. 42
21, 17, 13, 9, ...
1 = 21 = 4 = 42.
, S42 =
42
[2 21 + (42 1) (4)]
2
S42 = 21 (42 41 4) S42 = 2.562 .
12. 57
S = [21 + ( 1)]
2
= 5 178.
1 = 173 = 1 = 5,
S57 =
280
57
57
[2 (173) + (57 1) 5] S57 = (346 + 280) S57 = 1.881.
2
2
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16.
13. 1 + 3 + 2 + 5 + ... + 59 .
2
1
1 = 1 = ,
2
1
+1
=
, N*.
2
2
() .
:
= 1 + ( 1)
= 59
S117 =
S = [21 + ( 1)]
2
+1
= 59 + 1 = 118 = 117. :
2
117
1
117
1
2 1 + (117 1) S117 =
2 + 116 S117 = 3.510 .
2
2
2
2
14.
() = 8 3, *,

3.144;
1 = 5 = 1 = 8 3 8 + 3( 1) = 3, :
3.144 = [2 5 + ( 1)( 3) ] 6.288 = 10 32 + 3

2
32 13 6.288 = 0, = 48 =
131
(, N*),
3
48 .
15. 250
,
.
) , N*,
1 = 2, = 2 = 250, :
S250 =
250
[2 2 + (250 1) 2] S250 = 62.750.
2
) , N*, 1 = 1,
= 2 = 250, :
250 =
250
[2 1 + (250 1) 2] 250 = 62.500 .
2
281
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5:
16. 7:

) 1 499,
) 150 580.
) 7 ( 1 499)
(), 1 = 7, = 7 = 7 + ( 1) 7 = 7, N*.
, .
499 7 499 71,286,
71
[2 7 + (71 1) 7] S71 = 17.892.
2
) 7 ( 150 580)
= 71 S71 =
(), = 7( 1) + 1, N* 1 150.
7 150 21,43, = 22 1 = 22 7 = 154, = 7
= 154 + ( 1) 7 = 147 + 7, N*.
, .
580 147 + 7 580
7 433 61,857, = 61.
S61 =
61
[2 154 + (61 1) 7] S61 = 22.204.
2
17. (x 13) + (x 9) + (x 5) + ... + (x + 39) = 658.

= 1 + ( 1)
1 = x 13, = 4 = x + 39.
= x 13 + ( 1) 4 x + 39 = 4 + x 17
4 = 39 + 17 4 = 56 = 14.
, (x 13) + (x 9) + (x 5) + ... + (x + 39) = S14
2 (x 13) + (14 1) 4
2 (x 13 + 26)
14 = 658
14 = 658
2
2
(x + 13) 14 = 658 x + 13 = 47 x = 34.
18. 1 + 1 + 2 + ... + 1 ,
*.
1 2
1 1 2
1 + ( 1) + ( 2) + ... + 1
().
1+
+
+ ... + = +
+
+ ... + =
282
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Page 283
16.

1.
:
+ ( 1) + ( 2) + ... +1 =
2 + ( 1) ( 1)
2 +1
( +1)
.
=
=
2
2
2
() :
1 2
1
1+
+
+ ... + =
( + 1)
( +1) +1
2
, N*.
=
=
2
2
19. S, S2, S3 (
*)
, 2, 3 , ,
(), S3 = 3(S2 S ) .
3(S2 S ) = 3S2 3S = 3
[21 + (2 1)] 3 [21 + ( 1)] =
2
2
=
3
[ 41 + 2(2 1) 2 1 ( 1) ] =
2
3
(41 + 4 2 2 1 +) =
2
3
3
(21 + 3 ) = [2 1 +(3 1) ] = S 3 .
2
2
20. (
*), = 2 7,
) 22 79,
) 22 79.
1 = 2 7 [2( 1) 7] = 2, ,
() = 2 1 = 5.
) :
23 + 24 + ... + 78 = S78 S22 =
=
78
22
[2 (5) + (78 1) 2] [2 (5) + (22 1) 2] =
2
2
= 78 (5 + 77) 22 (5 + 21) = 5.264.
) :
22 + 23 + ... + 79 = S79 S21 =
283
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5:
79
21
[2 (5) + (79 1) 2] [2 (5) + (21 1) 2] =
2
2
= 79 (5 + 78) 21 (5 + 20) = 5.452 .
21. 1 200

4 9.
1 200 , N*,
1 = 1, 1 = 1 = 200, :
2 1 + (200 1) 1
200 = 20.100.
2
1 200 4
A = 1 + 2 + ... + 200 =
, N*, 2 = 4, 1 = 4
200 4 + ( 1) 4 200 4 200 50, = 50, :
2 4 + (50 1) 4
50 = 5.100.
2
1 200 9
B = 4 + 8 + 12 + ... + 200 =
, N*, 3 = 9, 1 = 9
200 9 + ( 1) 9 200 9 200 22,22, = 22, :
2 9 + (22 1) 9
22 = 2.277.
2
,
4 9 .
, .
4 9 , N*,
1 = 36, 4 = 36 200 36 + ( 1)36 200 5,55, = 5
2 36 + (5 1) 36
= 36 + 72 + ... + 180 =
5 = 540.
2
:
+ = 20.100 5.100 2.277 + 540 = 13.263
= 9 + 18 + ... + 198 =
22.
*
() S = 22 + ,
1.
= S S 1 = 22 + [2( 1)2 + ( 1)]

= 22 + 22 + 4 2 + 1 = 4 1, N*.
284
= S S 1
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16.
, 1 = 4 1 [4( 1) 1] = 4 ,
= 4 1 = 3.
23.

: 3 ,
5 , 7 .
) 30
(64).
) .
)
3.000 .
) .
) 5.000 ,

. .
)
(), 1 = 3 , = 2 N*, 64.
, = 3 + ( 1) 2 = 2 + 1.
: 30 = 2 30 + 1 = 61
64 = 2 64 + 1 = 129 .
) 64 , :
64
(2 3 + 63 2) S64 = 32 132 S64 = 4.224 .
2
) S 3.000 [2 3 + ( 1) 2] 3.000
2
3 + ( 1) 3.000 2 + 2 3.000 0,
S64 =
= 12.004, 1 3.001 1 + 3.001 .

54 ,
1 + 3.001 53,8.
) 99 2 + 1 99
2 98 49.
49 .
64
(2 1 + 63 2) 5.000
2
64 1 + 63 64 5.000 641 5.000 4.032 641 968
1 15,125, 16 .
) 1 S64 5.000
285
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5:
24. ) , `*, > 0.
1 + 2
+ ... +
2 + 3
1
5+ 8
1
1 +
1
8 + 11
+ ... +
32 + 35
35 5
.
3
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
1 + 2
2 + 3
1 +
) =
=
1 2
1 + 2
)(
1 2
2 3
) (
+ 3
)(
2 3
+ ... +
1
1
)(
1
1 2
3
+ 2
+ ... +
=
1 2
2 3
1
1
3
1
1
1 2
+ 2
+ ... +
=
=
.
) 5, 8, 11, ..., 32, 35 () = 3,

1 = 5, = 5 + ( 1) 3 = 3 + 2, N*,
():
1
1
1
35 5
.
+
+ ... +
=
3
5+ 8
8 + 11
32 + 35
=
25. 1, 6, 8, 7, 3, ...,
1 = 1, 2 = 6, 3 = 8, 4 = 7, 5 = 3, ... 1 = 2 1 = 5
2 = 3 2 = 2
N
*
,
, 3 = 4 3 = 1 , = 3, 1
...
=
1
1
:
286
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Page 287
16.
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 1 = 1
21 + ( 1 1)
( 1) = 1
2
2 5 + ( 2)(3)
(16 3)( 1)
( 1) = 1 =
+1
2
2
32 + 19 14
, N*.
2
26. 32 cm 16 ,
.

, .
, .
, = 1 + ( 1), N*.
:
21 + 15
16 21 + 15 = 128 ().
2
, 8 = 52 1 + 7 = 5(1 + ) 1 + 7 = 51 + 5 = 21,
() : 2 1 + 15 2 1 = 128 1 = 4, = 8.
= 16 322 =
= 4 + ( 1)8 = 8 4, N*.
27. x
() = (1 + 2x) + x 5, *,
.
1 = (1 + 2x) . + x 5 [(1 + 2x) . ( 1) + x 5] = 1 + 2x,

, () = 1 + 2x.
, :
1
> 0 1 + 2x > 0 x > .
2
> 0
< 0
= 0
287
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Page 288
5:

:
, ,
N*, = 1, = + 2 = + ( + 1) , , .
28. 5 93

10 .
, , :
1 = 5, 2 = 5 + , ..., 12 = 5 + 11 = 93 11 = 88 = 8.
: 13, 21, 29, 37, 45, 53, 61, 69, 77, 85.

: 3 , , , + ( ).
4 , 3, , + , + 3
( 2).
5 , 2, , , + , + 2
( ) .
29.
42 596.
, , + .
:
+ + + = 42 3 = 42 = 14.
( )2 + 2 + ( + )2 = 596 (14 )2 + 142 + (14 + )2 = 596
196 28 + 2 + 196 + 196 + 28 + 2 = 596 22 = 8
2 = 4 = 2.
:
(, ) = (14, 2), : 12, 14, 16.
(, ) = (14, 2), : 16, 14, 12.
288
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Page 289
16.
30.
12 135.

3, , + , + 3
.
:
3 + + + + + 3 = 12 4 = 12 = 3.
( 3)( )( + )( + 3) = 135
(2 92)(2 2) = 135 (32 92) (32 2) = 135
(9 92)(9 2) = 135 94 902 + 216 = 0
4 102 + 24 = 0, 2 = 4 2 = 6 = 2 = 6 .
:
(, ) = (3, 2): 3, 1, 5, 9.
(, ) = (3, 2): 9, 5, 1, 3.
(, ) = (3,
6 ): 3 3 6 , 3 6 , 3 + 6 , 3 + 3 6 .
(, ) = (3, 6 ): 3 + 3 6 , 3 + 6 , 3 6 , 3 3 6 .

: , N *, ,
31. 20
1
.
1 1 1 1
, , , , ...
7 11 15 19

7, 11, 15, 19, ... () 1 = 7, = 4,
= 7 + 4( 1) = 4 + 3, N*.
, N*,
=
1
1
1
1
, 20 =
=
= .
4 + 3
4 20 + 3 83
289
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Page 290
5:
32. ()
=
1 2
, *.
2 + ( 1)( 1 2 )
() ,

=
1 1
1 1 + ( 1) 1
= + ( 1)
=
1
1
1 2
=
().
1 + ( 1) 1
2 + ( 1) 1 2
1
,
1 1
,

1 2
1 1

= 1 2 = 1 2 = 1 2 ,
2 1
1 2
() =
1 2
.
2 + ( 1) (1 2 )
1. ,
........................ .
2. = 5 2, N*, .......................
.
3. N*, 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( 1) + = .....
4. , N*, S2 = ................
290
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Page 291
16.
() ,
() ,
.
1
13
102
31
13
4
775
10
25
91
1.025
1. 2, 9, 16, ... 11 :
. 68
. 70
. 72
. 74
2. N*, 5, 9, 13, ... :
. 3 + 2 . 4 + 1
. 6 1
. 4 1
3. N*, 15, 9, 3, ... :
. (18 3)
. (12 + 3)
. (18 + 3)
. (12 3)
3 11
, :
2
. = 3 + 7
. = 3 7
4. , N*, S =
. = 7 3
. = 7 + 3
5. 1 = 4, N*, 1 = 5, :
. = 4
. = 4 + 1
. 2 = 1
. S10 = 220
1. ) 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, ...

.
291
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Page 292
5:
) :
3 1 1
, , ,0, ...
4 2 4
2. ) 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, ... .

) :
7 11 4 5
, , , , ...
3 6 3 6
3. :
) 2, 8, 14, 20, ...,
) 9, 1, 7, 15, ...,
) 3, 1, 1, 3, ...
4. R ,
2 4, 2 2, 2, ...
5. ) () = 5 + 1, N*.
.
2
1
) : = + , = 7 3, N*.
3
4
6. ) () = 2 + 7, N*.
.
7
2
) : = , = 2 5, N*.
2
3
7. () = + , , R , N*,
.
8. :
) 1, 4, 7, 10, ...,
) 7, 13, 19, 25, ...,
) 6, 1, 4, 9, ...,
) 14, 1, 12, 25, ...,
) 2, 5, 8, 11, ...,
) 4, 5, 6, 7, ...
9. :
) 37 3, 7, 11, 15, ...,
) 60 1, 4, 7, 10, ...,
) 48 11, 8, 5, 2, ...,
) 29 3, 7, 11, 15, ...
10. ) 5 , N*, 20 12
41, , .
) 8 , N*, 39 21
104, , .
292
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Page 293
16.
11. ) 5 , N*, 13 9
29, 33.
) 6 , N*, 34 15
97, 47.
12. , N*, 4, 7
33 252.
13. 32 , N*,
11 =
21
20 .
12
14. :
) 3 5 30, 2
7 34.
) 3 6 31, 5
11 18.
) 5 8 97, 2
3 408.
) 2 3 64, 10
7 7.
15. ) 1 = 3 = 7.
185.
) 1 = 2 = 3.
119.
16. ) 19 241.
) x R
2x 3 5x + 1 5 11x.
) x R 6 x, 2x2, x2
.
17. x R
:
) x, 3x + 2, 4x 1, ) 6 x, 2x + 7, 3x + 8, ) x, 2x + 3, 7x + 4.
293
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Page 294
5:
18. , , ,
2 , 2 , 2
.
19. , , ,
( + )2 2, ( + )2 2, ( + )2 2
.
20. ) 57 1, 12,
23, 34, ...
) 95 101,
95, 89, 83, ...
21. ) , N*, 1 = 4 = 7.
80 .
) , N*, 1 = 23 = 6.
75 .
22. ) 73 = 13 7, N*.
) 81 = 571 4, N*.
23. , N*, 5 = 17 13
13 = 299. .
24. 10 10 = 245,
21 21 = 1.092. .
25. 11 11 = 165,
15 15 = 345. .
26. ) , N*, 1 = 3 = 4.
20.503.
) ;
27. ) , N*, 1 = 1 = 6.
4.720.
) ;
294
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Page 295
16.
28. : = 11 + 9 + 7 + ... + (55),

5
11
22 20
= 1 + + 4 + + ... + 88 , = 8 + + + ... + 2 .
2
2
3
3
29. : = 4 + 6 + 8 + ... + 112,

= 11 +
19
13
31 16
+ 8 + + ... + (34) , = 5 + + + ... + 12 .
2
2
6 3
30. N*, :
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( + 1) + ( + 2), = 4 + 7 + 10 + ... + (3 + 25).
31. ) = 2 + 1, N*,
1.088;
) = 7 3, N*,
2.537;
32. 179 3,
6.
33.
.
34. 11:
) 1 999, ) 150 1.045.
35. (x + 1) + (x + 6) + (x + 11) + ... + (x + 76) = 648.

36. 1 + + 1 + + 2 + ... + 2 , N*.
37. (), = 5 + 3, N*:

) 35 51, ) 45 62.
38. , = 1 7, N*:
) 11 34,
) 22 57.
39. 1 500
4 5.
295
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Page 296
5:
40. N*
72 + 3
,
2
1.
S =
41. N*
S = 52 ,
1.
42. 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, ...,

.
43. x R
()
= (2x2 + x 3) + 3x + 1, N*, .
44. ) 35 98 8 .
) 35 98 10 .
45. ) 21 69 7 .
) 21 69 11 .
46. 15
280.
47. 54
990.
48.
32 336.
49.
36 5.760.
50. 19
296
5 10
, , 1, ...
2 7
02.qxd
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Page 297
16.
51. x, y, ,

x
y
,
,
.
y+ x + x +y
52. 64 , 5
1o , 11 2o, 17 3o, 23 4o .
) ;
) ;
53. 4 cm .
120 cm, :
) 72 cm,
) ,
) ,
) 10 .
54. 1
, 2 , 3
.
) 10 ;
) 1.024, ;
55. 620 640 .

:
120 .
10 .
, .
48 .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
( , 1999)
297
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Page 298
5:
56. = 11 + 2, N*, 1,
P(x) = x3 3x2 x + 3.
)
1 = 9 = 2.
) S = 12 + 13 + ... + 21, 12, 13, ..., 21 .
) P(x) = 0
.
( , 2003)
57. .
58. , , N*, 1, 2 ,
:
1
) 3 5, ) , ), ) 3 + 2, ) , )
, 0 .
59. , N*, = x = y, < .

:
) x y,
) x y.
60. , N*, :
) 1 22 + 24 5 = 0,
) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0.
) 1 + 33 = 4 + 32,
61. , N*, 1 = 4
6 =
12 3
.
4
62. 5 ( N*)
, 10 , 15
. 3 3 + = 0.
298
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Page 299
16.
63.

2
= , , N*.
2
2 1
=
.
2 1
64. ( )
.
, .
65.
. .
66.
10 cm.
67. x2 2x + = 0 1, 2 ( , R ),
x2 ( 1)x + = 0 3, 4. , 1, 2, 3, 4
.
68. , N*, ,
=
12
.
1 ( 1) 2 ( 2)
69. , ,
=
2
.
+
70.
, N*, = , = ,
= , ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0.
71.
, , , ,
,
x2 + x + = 0 .
72.
S6 102
.
=
S11 297
) 1 ;
)
23
.
11
299
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Page 300
5:
73. 1 = 2 + 1 = 2 9 , N*.
+ 8
) =
1
, N*, + 3
.
) .
74. 32
1.024, 32
2.048.
75.
80 144.144, .
76. > > > 0 , , , + +

2
, .
77. , N*, = ( + 6) .
78. , N*, =
(13 3)
.
2
79. N*, :
= 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + ... + (3 + 8),
= 12 + 5 + (2) + (9) + ... + (44 7).
80. = ,
+ = 0, , N*.
81. , N*, 8 + 17 + 38 = 45,

21 41.
82. 4, 3, 8, 5, 12, 7, 16, 9, ... .

( N*) , :
) , ) .
83. N*, 1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + , 2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 2

3 = 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 3 , :
300
02.qxd
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Page 301
16.
) 31 + 32 = ( + 1)3 ( + 1),
) 2 =
( + 1)(2 + 1)
,
6
) 3 = 12 .
84. , N*, = , = = ,
3 + 3 + 3 = 3.
85. = = , > , N*.

:
) + = ( + ), ) =
( )( + 2)
.
86.

1 19, 5;
87. 110 .
160 ,
2.000 . ,
1 , 150 .
) 50
;
) 80 ,
;
) ,
5.000 ;
) ;
88. , , , ,
+ 2 4 .
89. > 0
R Q ,
1, , (
).
301
02.qxd
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4:20
Page 302
5:
-: 1. , 2. ,
3.
( + 1)
, 4. [21 + (2 1)] .
2
13
82
520
22
102
1.089
31
55
775
1
2
13
10
91
25
89
1.025
-: 1. , 2. , 3. A, 4. , 5. .
1. ) = 6 = 6 + 1,
) =
1
4
=
.
4
4
2. ) = 9 = 9 + 5,
) =
1
17 3
=
.
2
6
3. ) 1 = 2, = 6 = 6 4, ) 1 = 9, = 8
= 17 8, ) 1 = 3, = 2 = 5 2.
4. (2 2) (2 4) = 2 (2 2) = 2 = ,
1 = 2 4 = 2 + 2 6.
5. ) 1 = 5 = ,
) 1 =
2
= , 1 = 3 = .
3
6. ) 1 = 2 = , ) 1 =
7
=,
2
1 = 5 = .
7. 1 = = .
8. ) 1 = 3 1 = 1,
) 1 = 5 1 = 6,
) 1 = 3 1 = 2,
) 1 = 6 1 = 7,
) 1 = 13 1 = 14,
) 1 = 1 1 = 4.
9. ) 1 = 3, = 4 = 4 1, 37 = 147,
) 1 = 11, = 3, = 14 3 48 = 130,
) 1 = 1, = 3, = 3 2 60 = 178,
) 1 = 3, = 4, = 1 4 29 = 115.
10. ) 5 = 20 12 = 41 1 = 8, = 3
= 3 + 5,
) 8 = 39 21 = 104 1 = 4, = 5
= 1 5.
302
11. ) 5 = 13, 9 = 29 1 = 3, = 4
= 4 7, 33 = 125,
) 6 = 34, 15 = 97 1 = 1, = 7
= 8 7, 47 = 321.
12. (4, 7) = (12, 21) (4, 7) = (21, 12),
(1, ) = (3, 3) (1, ) = (30, 3) = 3
= 33 3.
13. :
1 + 31 = 0 32 = 0.
14. ) (1, ) = (3, 4), ) (1, ) = (5, 3),
3.055 1.111
,
) (1, ) = (10, 7), (1 ,) =
,
63
63
) (1, ) = (44, 8).

15. ) = 7 4 = 185 = 27,
27 = 185,
) = 1 3 = 119 = 40,
40 = 119.
16. ) 111,
12
) 2 (5 11x) = 2x 3 + 5x + 1 x = ,
29
) 2 2x2 = 6 x x2 5x2 + x 6 = 0
6
x = 1 x= .
5
1
17. ) x = 5, ) x = 0, ) x = .
2
18. 2 = +
2(2 ) = 2 + 2 .
19. 2 = +
2 [( + )2 2] = ( + )2 2 + ( + )2 2.
20. ) 1 = 1, = 11, 57 = 17.613,
) 1 = 101, = 6, 95 = 17.195.
21. ) 80 = 22.440, ) 75 = 14.925.
22. ) 1 = 6, = 1 = 13 73 = 34.602,
) 1 = 567, = 1 = 4 81 = 32.967.
23. (1, ) = (5, 3) = 3 + 2.
24. (1, ) = (2, 5).
25. (1, ) = (5, 4) = 9 4.
26. ) = 20.503 = 101, ) 101 = 403.
27. ) = 4.720 = 40, ) 40 = 235.
28. :
1 = 11, = 2, = 13 2
= 55 = 34, = 34 = 748.
:
1 = 1, =
3
3 1
, =
2
2
= 88 = 59, = 59 =
5.251
.
2
02.qxd
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Page 303
16.
:
2
26 2
1 = 8, = , =
3
3
= 2 = 10, = 10 = 50.
29. :
1 = 4, = 2, = 2 + 2 = 112
= 55, = 55 = 3.190.
:
3
25 3
1 = 11, = , =
2
2
= 34 = 31, = 31 =
713
.
2
:
1 = 5, =
1
29 +
, =
6
6
731
= 12 = 43, = 43 =
.
2
30. :
1 = 1, = 1 + 2,
= + 2 =
( + 2)( + 3)
.
2
:
1 = 4, = 3, = 3 + 1
= 3 + 25 = + 8,
= + 8 =
(3 + 29)( + 8)
.
2
31. ) = 1 = 2, 1 = 3 = 1.088
= 34 () = 32.
) = 1 = 3, 1 = 4 = 2.537
=
118
() = 43.
3
32. 3:
1 = 3, = 3 = 179, 179 = 48.330.
6:
1 = 6, = 6 = 179, 179 = 96.660.
33. :
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2 1) =
2 1 + ( 1) 2
= 2 .
2
34. ) 1 = 11, = 11,

= 11 999 90,8,
= 90. , 90 = 45.045.
) 150 1.045 13,6 95,
: 14 + 15 + ... + 95 = 95 13 = 49.159.
35.
1 = x + 1, = 5, = 5 + x 4,
= x + 76 = 16,
16 = 648 x = 2.
36. 1,
1
+ 1,
+1 + 2
+
+ ... + 2 =
1
2 1 + ( + 1 1)
( + 1) = 3( + 1) .
=
2
2
37. ) 35 + 36 + ... + 51 = 51 34 = 2.278,
) 46 + 47 + ... + 61 = 61 45 = 2.648.
38. ) 12 + 13 + ... + 33 = 33 11 = 3.443,
) 22 + 23 + ... + 57 = 57 21 = 9.918.
39. 1 + 2 + ... + 500 = = 125.250,
4 + 8 + ... + 500 = = 31.500,
5 + 10 + ... + 500 = = 25.250,
20 + 40 + ... + 500 = = 6.500
: + = 75.000.
1+
40. = S S 1 =
7 2 + 3 7( 1)2 + 3( 1)
=
2
2
= 7 2, = 1 = 7 1 = 5.
41. = S S1 = 52 [5 ( 1)2 ( 1)] =
= 10 6, = 1 = 10 1 = 4.
42. 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 5, 4 = 10, 5 = 17
1 = 2 1 = 1, 2 = 3 2 = 3, 3 = 4 3 = 5,
4 = 5 4 = 7, ..., 1 = 1,
= 2 = 2 1.
, :
1 + 2 + ... + 1 = 1 = 2 2 + 2.
3
43. = 1 = 2x2 + x 3 < 0 < x < 1.
2
44. ) 1 = 35, 10 = 98, = 7, 42, 49,

56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91,
) 1 = 35, 12 = 98, =
63
,
11
448 511 574 637 700 763 826 889

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
952 1.015
,
.
11 11
45. ) 1 = 21, 9 = 69, = 6, 27, 33, 39,

45, 51, 57, 63,
) 1 = 21, 13 = 69, = 4, 25, 29,
33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65.
46. , , + ,
+ + + = 15 = 5
( )( + ) = 280 = 9,
4, 5, 14.
47. , , + ,
+ + + = 54 = 18
( )2 + 2 + ( + )2 = 990 = 3,
15, 18, 21.
303
02.qxd
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5:
48. 3, , + , + 3,
3 + + + + + 3 = 32 = 8
( 3)2 + ( )2 + ( + )2 + ( + 3)2 =
= 336 = 2 2, 6, 10, 14.
49. 3, , + , + 3,
3 + + + + + 3 = 36 = 9
( 3)( )( + )( + 3) = 5.760
= 1 = 89
6, 8, 10, 12 9 3 89, 9 89, 9 + 89, 9 + 3 89 .
50. ,
2 7
, , 1, ... ()
5 10
2
3
3 + 1
=
, =
,
5
10
10
1 =
=
10
10 5
. , 19 = = .
3 + 1
58 29
51.
2
2 1 1
2x
= + y=
:
y x
x +
x + y+ x+ y
=
+
.
y
x
52.
, 1 = 5, = 6,
= 6 1. ) 63 = 377, ) 64 = 12.416.
53.
,
1 = 116, = 4,
= 120 4.
) < 72 > 12, 13 ,
) = 0 = 30 ,
) = 60 = 15 ,
) 9 = 84 cm.
54.
() 1 = 1, = 2
= 2 1.
) 10 = 19, ) = 1.024 = 32 .
55. x ,
620 < x < 640.
120 ,
x 120.
,
= 10.
) 4 = 48 4 = 1 + 3 1 = 48 3,
) 10 = x 120
21 + 9
10 = x 120 ,
2
x = 600 + 15.
304
) 620 < x < 640 620 < 600 + 15 < 640
20
40
< < , = 2.
15
15
) 1 = 48 3 2 = 42 10 = 60, 10
60.000 .
) x = 600 + 15 = 630,
630.000 .
56. ) + 1 = 2,
= 2 1 = 9,
) S = 12 + 13 + ... + 21 = 21 11 = 231 11 =
= 220,
) P(x) = 0 x = 3 x = 1 x = 1 7 = 3,
6 = 1, 5 = 1.
57. (), () 1, 2 .
, = + 1 = 1 + 2,
, () .
58. ) = 31.
) = 1 2.
) .
) = 31 + 22.
) .
) .
59. = 1 + ( 1) = x = 1 + ( 1) = y
=
xy
y x + x y
1 =
.
: ) =
) =
y x + x y
xy
,
+ ( 1)
2y 2x + x y + (x y)
.
2( )
60. ) 1 22 + 24 5 =
= 1 2(1 + ) + 2(1 + 3) (1 + 4) = 0,
) 1 + 33 = 4 + 32 = 41 + 6,
) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) =
= () [1 + (1)] + () [1 + (1)] +
+ () [1 + (1)] = 0.
61. = 20, = 20 16.
62. A =
=
21 + (5 1)
2 + (10 1)
5 , B = 1
10 ,
2
2
21 + (15 1)
15 .
2
63. = 21 = .
64. 1.234 2.468.
65.
60 , 60, 60 + , 0 < < 60.
,
, 30, 60, 90.
02.qxd
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4:20
Page 305
16.
() =
66.
10 cm
. :
15
25
6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
cm,10 cm,
cm
2
2
10 cm,
40
50
cm,
cm .
3
3
67. Vieta: 1 + 2 = 2, 3 + 4 = 1
: 22 = 1 + 3,
23 = 2 + 4. :
9 + 1
7 1
5 3
3 5
.
1 =
, 2 =
, 3 =
, 4 =
8
8
8
8
, Vieta: 12 = , 34 = ,
1 1
(, ) = (1, 1) (,) = , .
3 12
68. ,
,
=
69.
1 1
= + ( 1) ,
1
1
.
1 + ( 1)1
1 1 1
, ,
.
70. 68,
=
71.
72. )
1 1 1
, ,
2
4( )2
=
< 0.
+
( + )2
S6 102
3(21 + 5) 102
=
=
7 = 41,
S11 297
11(1 + 5) 297
7
+ 22
23 1 + 22 4
95
.
=
=
=
11 1 + 10 7 + 10 47
4
1
1
=
+ 3 1 + 3
+ 3 3
1
= 1
=
=
( + 3)( 1 + 3) ( + 3)( 1 +3)
2 1 + 6 1 + 9
(5 1 + 15)( 1 + 3)
1
.
5
5
= + 3 =
+ 3 5
5
5
= 3.
74. 1 + 3 + ... + 63 = 1.024
21 + 31 2
32 = 1.024 1 + 31 = 32
2
2 + 4 + ... + 64 = 2.048
22 + 31 2
32 = 2.048 2 + 31 = 64.
2
= 32
1 = 960, = 32 992.
75. 3, , + , + 3,
3 + + + + + 3 = 80 = 20
( 3)( )( + )( + 3) = 144.144
= 2 =
2 991
Z.
3
(, ) = (20, 2) (, ) = (20, 2),

26, 22, 18, 14.
76. : 2 = + , 2 =
( 1 + 3)2
1
= ,
5( 1 + 3)
5
2
+ +
+
2
+ +
+ = + = 2 , 3 = 3 +
2
3 = + = 2 , 3 = 3 + 2
3(2 ) = + = 2 , 4 = 5
3
4
5 = 4 = , = . 5
5
, (
), 2 = 2 + 2,
( ).
77. 1 = 7, = 2.
78. 1 = 5, = 3.
79. :
() 1 = 5, = 3 = 3 + 8
= + 2, = + 2 =
73. ) 1 =
) =
1
.
1 + ( 1)1
, =
1 =
1
5
(3 + 13)( + 2)
.
2
: () 1 = 12, = 7 = 44 7
= + 9, = + 9 =
(7 32)( + 9)
.
2
80. = ... 21 + ( + 1) = 0
+ = 0.
305
02.qxd
2/8/2011
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Page 306
5:
81. 8 + 17 + 38 = 45 ... 1 + 20 = 15
21 = 15 41 = 615.
82. 4 + 3 + 8 + 5 + 12 + 7 + 16 + 9 + ... =
= (4 + 8 + 12 + ...) + (3 + 5 + 7 + ...),

(), () 1 = 4, 1 = 3,
1 = 4, 2 = 2.
) ,
2
(3 + 8)

.
4
+1
, 2
1
, 2
32 + 10 + 3
.
4
83. )
( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
= 1 = 1, 2, ..., ,
.
( + 1)
().
2
)
( + 1)4 = 4 + 43 + 62 + 4 + 1,
= 1, 2, ..., ,
:
43 + 62 + 41 = ( + 1)4 ( + 1).
,
() ().
84. : 1 + ( 1) = , 1 + ( 1) = ,
) 1 =
1 + ( 1) = , = = =
.
306
1
, 1
85. :
21 + ( 1)
2 + ( 1)
= , 1
= ,
2
2
2 + 2 +
2( + )
, ,=
.
1 =
86. 1 = 1, +2 = 19,
10
= 5 , = 1
2
= 17.
87.
() 1 = 160, 1 = 1, 110 = 161 .

() 1 = 2.000, 2 = 150, 110
= 150 + 1.850.
) 50 = 111 50 = 9.350 .
) 80 80 = 81 13.850 = 1.121.850 .
) > 5.000 > 21,
5.000 22 .
) 100 61, 61 .
88. : 2 = + , 2 = + = 2 ,
= 2 ,
( )2 (2 + 38 + 2 ) 0 , ,
.
89. 1, , 2 = + 1 = 1.
= 1 .

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02.

2, 5, 12, 19, ...

) 2, 11, 20, 29, ..., ) 10, 7, 4, 1, 2, ...

+ 137 + 785 922

S42 = 21 (42 41 4) S42 = 2.562 .

3.144 = [2 5 + ( 1)( 3) ] 6.288 = 10 32 + 3

17. (x 13) + (x 9) + (x 5) + ... + (x + 39) = 658.

= 78 (5 + 77) 22 (5 + 21) = 5.264.

= 79 (5 + 78) 21 (5 + 20) = 5.452 .

= S S 1 = 22 + [2( 1)2 + ( 1)]

= 12.004, 1 3.001 1 + 3.001 .

24. ) , `*, > 0.

) 5, 8, 11, ..., 32, 35 () = 3,

1 = (1 + 2x) . + x 5 [(1 + 2x) . ( 1) + x 5] = 1 + 2x,

1. ) 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, ...

2. ) 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, ... .

28. : = 11 + 9 + 7 + ... + (55),

29. : = 4 + 6 + 8 + ... + 112,

35. (x + 1) + (x + 6) + (x + 11) + ... + (x + 76) = 648.

37. (), = 5 + 3, N*:

42. 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, ...,

55. 620 640 .

59. , N*, = x = y, < .

76. > > > 0 , , , + +

81. , N*, 8 + 17 + 38 = 45,

82. 4, 3, 8, 5, 12, 7, 16, 9, ... .

83. N*, 1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + , 2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 2

85. = = , > , N*.

) (1, ) = (44, 8).

34. ) 1 = 11, = 11,

44. ) 1 = 35, 10 = 98, = 7, 42, 49,

448 511 574 637 700 763 826 889

45. ) 1 = 21, 9 = 69, = 6, 27, 33, 39,

) 620 < x < 640 620 < 600 + 15 < 640

74. 1 + 3 + ... + 63 = 1.024

(, ) = (20, 2) (, ) = (20, 2),

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