Проблемы Использования Государствами Частных Военных Компаний В Зарубежных Операциях The Problem Of States' Employment Of Private Military Companies In Overseas Operations

"$&'-)+'+-/0-1&23 1406"-'7+$$93 0$27+-2'+'
$:<=:?@ACDA 031900 EAGHIC:=KHCMA KNCKOACDP

E:QDRNA=RT:P <=KQ=:UU:
"$&"(*+-(.0+( +..1(235&6+7

$++V47 7@:HDUD= EDW:Y@K?DZ

!#%&')+ ,-#&/0#135,7 9#-;<3!-=13), ?3-=5+@ 1#'55+@
B#)35,C 1 03!;%'D5+@ #'!3E,7@
THE PROBLEM OF STATES EMPLOYMENT OF PRIVATE MILITARY
COMPANIES IN OVERSEAS OPERATIONS

6 D R R A = N : [ D P
C: RKDRT:CDA RNA<ACD U:QDRN=:

$:IZCMY =ITK?KHDNA@\
HKTNK= DRNK=DZARTDW C:IT,
HK[ACN ". ]. ):?@K?

NIHACN:
$:IZCMY =ITK?KHDNA@\:
-:^KN: <=AHRN:?@AC: C: T:_AH=I
___ ______________ 2013 Q.
`:?AHIabDY T:_AH=KY:

:CTN-)ANA=Î=Q
2013
2

#FGHJGKMNK
7?AHACDA ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1@:?: 1 - c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD D <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KYCM ......................................................... 16
1.1 'A=UDCK@KQDP ............................................................................................................................. 17
1.2 )=:?K?KY RN:NIR c7& D DW HAPNA@\CKRND ..................................................................................... 21
1.3 c7& D C:eUCDTD. WKHRN?: D KN@DZDP .......................................................................................... 24
1.4 c:RNC:P ?KACC:P RD@: ? DRNK=DD. $:eUCDTD ................................................................................ 26
1.5 &KCNATRN <KP?@ACDP c7& ............................................................................................................... 29
1.6 &@:RRD_DT:[DP D HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7& ............................................................................................ 31
1@:?: 2 - 2R<K@\dK?:CDA QKRIH:=RN?:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW
K<A=:[DY .................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 2R<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ? "_Q:CDRN:CA ............................................................................................. 39
2.2 2R<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ? 2=:TA ......................................................................................................... 49
1@:?: 3 - -K@\ D dC:ZACDA c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD QKRIH:=RN?KU d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY ..................... 60
3.1 )K@DNDTK-RK[D:@\CMA D gTKCKUDZARTDA KRCK?:CDP D DdUACACDP, R<KRK^RN?IabDA
<K?MOACDa DCNA=AR: QKRIH:=RN?: T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7& ............................................................... 61
3.2 2dUACACDA W:=:TNA=: D R<KRK^K? ?AHACDP ?KYCM ........................................................................ 69
3.3 )=K^@AUM R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD D <K<MNTD DW =AODN\. ................................ 74
`:T@aZACDA ................................................................................................................................................ 79
2RNKZCDTD D @DNA=:NI=: .......................................................................................................................... 85

3

1JKOKMNK
$: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ ?KACC:P =A_K=U: ? -KRRDD CA d:?A=OAC:. 7 :=UDD <=K?KHDNRP
=PH <=AK^=:dK?:CDY. )=D gNKU N?K=ZARTD KRUMR@D?:ANRP D Â=eNRP C: ?KK=IGACDA K<MN
d:<:HCMW QKRIH:=RN?. iNK D TKC[A<[DP RANA[ACN=DZCKRND, D HKTN=DCM ?AHIbDW ? ?KACCKU
KNCKOACDD d:=IÂGCMW RN=:C D H=IQDA, ^K@AA Z:RNCMA ?K<=KRM. $A KRN:eNRP Âd ?CDU:CDP
D N:TKA P?@ACDA, T:T DR<K@\dK?:CDA Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KACCKY
R_A=M, NK ARN\, <K RIbARN?I, <A=AH:Z: CATKNK=MW _ICT[DY QKRIH:=RN?: ? ?KACCKY R_A=A ?
Z:RNCMA =ITD. 6:CCKA P?@ACDA UCKQKQ=:CCK D KHCKY Dd KRKÂCCKRNAY P?@PANRP DUACCK NK,
ZNK CATKNK=MA RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: C: CMCAOCAU gN:<A =:d?DNDP <=DÂQ:aN T
DR<K@\dK?:CDa N:TDW TKUUA=ZARTDW K=Q:CDd:[DY T:T Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD.
7 CATKNK=MW KNAZARN?ACCMW DdH:CDPW, <KR?PbeCCMW ?KACCKY <=K^@AU:NDTA D
?K<=KR:U ?KACCKY RN=:NAQDD, D =:CAA K^=:b:@KR\ ?CDU:CDA C: NK, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?: `:<:H:
?Re Z:bA DR<K@\dIaN Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW UDRRDY.
4HC:TK ? <KR@AHCAA ?=AUP gNKN ?K<=KR RN:@ NAU :TNI:@\CAA, ZNK C: CAQK K^=:ND@ ?CDU:CDA
CMCAOCDY <=AdDHACN -KRRDYRTKY kAHA=:[DD 7@:HDUD= 7@:HDUD=K?DZ )INDC. 7 :<=A@A
2012 QKH:, Abe ÎHIZD <=AU\A=-UDCDRN=KU, KC d:P?D@ K NKU, ZNK =:d?DNDA HAPNA@\CKRND
N:TDW _D=U RKKN?ANRN?IAN C:[DKC:@\CMU DCNA=AR:U -KRRDD, D KC RZDN:AN [A@ARKK^=:dCMU
=:RRUKN=AN\ ?K<=KR K RKdH:CDD ? RN=:CA Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
1
. )KUDUK
)=AdDHACN:, <K gNKUI ?K<=KRI HKRN:NKZCK UCKQK ?MRT:dM?:@RP D <A=?MY ?D[A-<=AU\A=
6UDN=DY -KQKdDC, d:CDU:abDYRP <=K^@AU:UD =KRRDYRTKQK 4^K=KCCK-<=KUMO@ACCKQK
TKU<@ATR:
2
. )KR@A ?MRNI<@ACDY )INDC: D -KQKdDC: HA<IN:NKU EDN=K_:CK?MU HK?K@\CK
K<A=:ND?CK ? DaCA <=KO@KQK QKH: ^M@ ?CAReC d:TKCK<=KATN K QKR=AQI@D=K?:CDD RKdH:CDP
D HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. IH\^: gNKQK d:TKCK<=KATN: C: RAQKHCPOCDY
HAC\ CADd?ARNC:, KHC:TK ARN\ ?RA KRCK?:CDP RZDN:N\, ZNK ? ^@DG:YOAU ÎHIbAU N:TKY
d:TKC ÎHAN <=DCPN ? NKU D@D DCKU ?DHA.
N=AUDNA@\CK <=KDRWKHPbDA ? UD=A DdUACACDP d:RN:?@PaN QKRIH:=RN?: DRT:N\
R:UMA =:dCMA R<KRK^M KN?AN: C: CK?MA ?MdK?M. 4HDC Dd N:TDW R<KRK^K? <=D?@AZACDA
Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= ? =:CAA d:T=MNIa ?KACCIa R_A=I. 7 R?PdD R ?MOADd@KGACCMUD
_:TN:UD <=AHRN:?@PANRP ?:GCMU D :TNI:@\CMU =:RRUKN=AN\ ?K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY DUACCK QKRIH:=RN?KU, IHA@D? ?CDU:CDA <=K^@AU:U, TKNK=MA ?

1
)INDC <KHHA=G:@ DHAa RKdH:CDP ? -KRRDD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY // -2" $K?KRND.
<http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20120411/623227984.html>
2
c:RNCMY ^DdCAR. 6UDN=DY -KQKdDC QKNK? <IRNDN\ ? ?KACCIa KN=:R@\ CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMA TKU<:CDD //
7dQ@PH. <http://vz.ru/economy/2012/9/19/598809.html>
4

R?PdD R gNDU ?KdCDT:aN. 7 d:=IÂGCMW D KNAZARN?ACCMW DRR@AHK?:CDPW <KHK^CMY ?K<=KR
KNHA@\CK CA <KHCDU:@RP: K^MZCK :?NK=M RKR=AHKNKZACM C: ^K@AA OD=KTDW :R<ATN:W, T:T
NK: <=DZDCM <KP?@ACDP D =:d?DNDP RATNK=: Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW IR@IQ, K<:RCKRND, TKNK=MA
RI@DN <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KACCKY R_A=M T:T N:TK?:P D H=IQKA. 4HC:TK T:T C:U <=AHRN:?@PANRP,
H@P -KRRDD ^K@AA :TNI:@\CMU P?@PANRP DUACCK ?K<=KR ?KdUKGCKRND D [A@A<K@:Q:CDP <=D
DR<K@\dK?:CDD <KHK^CMW RN=ITNI=. 6@P gNKQK R@AHIAN =:dK^=:N\RP, <K T:TDU <=DZDC:U
RK?=AUACCMA d:<:HCMA QKRIH:=RN?: DR<K@\dIaN Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD <=D
<=K?AHACDD ?KACCMW T:U<:CDY.
':TDU K^=:dKU, PKGQ <=AHRN:?@ACCKY U:QDRNA=RTKY HDRRA=N:[DD ?MP?@ACDA
<=DZDC =KRN: DCNA=AR: I QKRIH:=RN?, d:H:abDW RN:CH:=NM ?AHACDP ?KYCM, T <=D?@AZACDa
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY.
6@P HKRNDGACDP C:RNKPbAY [A@D <=AHRN:?@PANRP ?:GCMU =AODN\ =PH RHOHS,
R?Pd:CCMW R [A@\a C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM:
K<=AHA@DN\, ZNK N:TKA Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD;
K<=AHA@DN\ DW <=:?K?KY RN:NIR D KRKÂCCKRND DW HAPNA@\CKRND;
K<=AHA@DN\ RWKHRN?: D =:d@DZDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D
C:eUCDTK?;
?MP?DN\ KRCK?CMA _:TNK=M, R<KRK^RN?K?:?ODA =:d?DNDa D
=:R<=KRN=:CACDa Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY;
H:N\ T@:RRD_DT:[Da Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D =:dQ=:CDZDN\ DW
HAPNA@\CKRN\;
<=K?ARND :C:@Dd <A=AHK?KQK D C:D^K@AA W:=:TNA=CKQK K<MN: <K
DR<K@\dK?:CDa Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW;
?MP?DN\ RD@\CMA D R@:^MA RNK=KCM <=DUACACDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
QKRIH:=RN?:UD.
6@P gNKQK ? =:^KNA DR<K@\dIANRP TKUVO RDNI:[DKCCKQK :C:@Dd: (:CQ@. case study) D
=:RRU:N=D?:aNRP <=DUA=M DR<K@\dK?:CDP KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD "UA=DTD Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <=D <=K?AHACDD :_Q:CRTKY K<A=:[DD <=KND? ':@D^:C:, : N:TGA
K<A=:[DD 2=:TRT:P R?K^KH:. @AHIAN <KHZA=TCIN\, ZNK DUACCK l" C:D^K@AA :TND?CK
DR<K@\dK?:@D Z:RNCMA RN=ITNI=M ? gNDW T:U<:CDPW, ?K-?NK=MW, KÔD=CMA R?AHACDP,
TKNK=MA <=AHKRN:?@P@DR\ :UA=DT:CRTDU Q=:GH:C:U, UKGCK TK==ATNCK R=:?CD?:N\ UAGHI
RK^KY, CK CA R :C:@KQDZCMUD H:CCMUD, TKNK=MA KNT=MNM, C:<=DUA=, ? 7A@DTK^=DN:CDD.
iNK R?Pd:CK R =:d@DZDAU UANKHK@KQDZARTDW <KHWKHK? T <=AHKRN:?@ACDa R?AHACDY D
5

RKRN:?@ACDa RN:NDRNDTD. ':TDU K^=:dKU, l" P?@PaNRP T=I<CAYODU QKRIH:=RN?KU,
DR<K@\dIabDU Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD, : gND H?A ?KACCMA K<A=:[DD P?D@DR\ C:D^K@AA
U:RON:^CMUD R NKZTD d=ACDP DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI=. 'K ARN\ DUACCK gNKN K<MN
P?@PANRP C:D^K@AA W:=:TNA=CMU D <KT:d:NA@\CMU ? Z:RND DdIZACDP H:CCKQK ?K<=KR:,
<KgNKUI <=D ?M^K=A R@IZ:A? (TAYRK?) H@P :C:@Dd: <=AH<KZNACDA ^M@K KNH:CK DU.
#XYKZU DRR@AHK?:CDP Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD. [KOTKUVT DRR@AHK?:CDP
P?@PANRP DR<K@\dK?:CDA QKRIH:=RN?KU Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY H@P HKRNDGACDP
TKCT=ANCMW [A@AY <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW ?KACCMW UDRRDY (K<A=:[DY).
&=IQ DRNKZCDTK? <K DdIZ:AUKY NAUA UKGCK KW:=:TNA=DdK?:N\ T:T KQ=:CDZACCMY.
iNK R?Pd:CK RK R<A[D_DTKY =:RRU:N=D?:AUKQK ?K<=KR:. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD,
P?@PPR\ TKUUA=ZARTDUD K=Q:CDd:[DPUD, DUAaN <=:?K <I^@DZCK CA =:RT=M?:N\ UCKQDA
H:CCMA: TKCT=ANCMA TKCN=:TNM, <=AHKRN:?@PAUMA DUD IR@IQD, _DC:CRK?Ia DC_K=U:[Da
D H=IQKA. 7UARNA R NAU, <KRTK@\TI ?K<=KR DR<K@\dK?:CDP QKRIH:=RN?:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY CA P?@PANRP ^DdCARKU ? ZDRNKU ?DHA, gNK <Kd?K@PAN DRR@AHK?:NA@a <K@IZDN\
^K@\OA DC_K=U:[DD <K DCNA=ARIabAUI AQK ?K<=KRI. 1KRIH:=RN?K CA UKGAN HAYRN?K?:N\
?N:YCA, D KCK K^Pd:CK =:RT=M?:N\ ^K@\OKA TK@DZARN?K DC_K=U:[DD Q=:GH:C:U D
C:@KQK<@:NA@\bDT:U.
6KTIUACNM UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?KQK W:=:TNA=: RKRN:?@PaN <A=?MY ^@KT
DR<K@\dK?:CCMW ? =:^KNA DRNKZCDTK?. 4CD <KUKQ:aN =:dK^=:N\RP ? <=K^@AUA
UAGHIC:=KHCKQK =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND c7&. 4HCDU Dd C:D^K@AA ?:GCMW ? gNKU
KNCKOACDD P?@PANRP N:T C:dM?:AUMY 6KTIUACN EKCN=e
3
. $A UACAA ?:GCMU P?@PANRP
EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP Z:RNCMW KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY
4
. &=KUA NKQK, H=IQDA
HKTIUACNM UAGHIC:=KHCKQK <I^@DZCKQK <=:?: H:aN ?:GCIa DC_K=U:[Da H@P <KCDU:CDP
d:<IN:CCKQK RN:NIR: RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. -AZ\ DHeN, C:<=DUA=, K
EAGHIC:=KHCKY TKC?AC[DD K ^K=\Â R ?A=^K?TKY, DR<K@\dK?:CDAU, _DC:CRD=K?:CDAU D
KÎZACDAU C:eUCDTK?
5
.
2C_K=U:[DP, <=AHRN:?@ACC:P C: K_D[D:@\CMW R:YN:W R:UDW Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY, RKRN:?@PAN ?NK=KY ^@KT DRNKZCDTK?, TKNK=MA DR<K@\dK?:CM ? C:RNKPbAY

3
6KTIUACN EKCN=e K RKKN?ANRN?IabDW UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?MW K^Pd:NA@\RN?:W D <A=AHK?MW <=:TNDZARTDW
UANKH:W QKRIH:=RN?, T:R:abDWRP _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? <A=DKH
?KK=IGACCKQK TKC_@DTN:. <http://daccess-dds-
ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/537/12/PDF/N0853712.pdf?OpenElement>
4
EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP Z:RNCMW KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN &KHATR:
<http://www.icoc-psp.org/uploads/International_Code_of_Conduct_for_Private_Security_Providers_-_Russian.pdf>
5
EAGHIC:=KHC:P TKC?AC[DP K ^K=\Â R ?A=^K?TKY, DR<K@\dK?:CDAU, _DC:CRD=K?:CDAU D KÎZACDAU
C:AUCDTK? KN 4 HAT:^=P 1989 QKH:. <http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/mercen.shtml>
6

=:^KNA. 6:CCMA R?AHACDP KN=:G:aN NK, ZNK QKNK?M =:RRT:dM?:N\ K RAÂ R:UD TKU<:CDD.
7:GCKY P?@PANRP DC_K=U:[DP K^ IR@IQ:W, TKNK=MA <=AHKRN:?@PaN _D=UM, T=:NTKA
K<DR:CDA R:UKY TKU<:CDD, =AQDKCM, ? TKNK=MW =:^KN:@D D@D =:^KN:aN ? C:RNKPbAA ?=AUP,
: N:TGA DRNK=DP IR<AOCK ?M<K@CACCMW d:T:dK?, AR@D N:TK?MA R?AHACDP =:RT=M?:aNRP.
:U <K RAÂ <A=AZAC\ H:CCMW, TKNK=MA QKNK?M =:RT=M?:N\ Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD C:
K_D[D:@\CMW R:YN:W, N:TGA P?@PANRP [ACCMU DRNKZCDTKU DC_K=U:[DD. &=KUA NKQK, gNKN
?DH DRNKZCDTK? H:eN Abe D H=IQDA ?:GCMA R?AHACDP. ':T C: R:YNA Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY
TKU<:CDD iTgHAUD (:CQ@. Academi)
6
CD ? KHCKU Dd =:dHA@K? CA I<KUDC:ANRP K NKU,
ZNK =:CAA gN: TKU<:CDP ^M@: Dd?ARNC: <KH ^=ACHKU /@gTIKNA= (:CQ@. Blackwater).
iNK <Kd?K@PAN RIHDN\ K NKU, T:TDU K^=:dKU R:U: TKU<:CDP <MN:ANRP C:YND =AOACDA NAW
<=K^@AU, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:@D =:CAA ? R?PdD R Ae HAPNA@\CKRN\a (<KH=K^CAA RU. Q@. 2).
?AHACDP, <=AHKRN:?@PAUMA K_D[D:@\CMUD QKRIH:=RN?ACCMUD K=Q:C:UD, <K
IT:d:CCMU ?MOA <=DZDC:U KNCKRPNRP T H=IQKY ?:GCKY Q=I<<A DRNKZCDTK?. l"
N=:HD[DKCCK <=K?KHPN <K@DNDTI <=Kd=:ZCKRND ? DC_K=U:[DKCCKY R_A=A. 7K-<A=?MW, Dd
gNDW DRNKZCDTK? UKGCK <KZA=<CIN\ DC_K=U:[Da K RNKDUKRND D <=AHUANA d:T@aZ:AUMW
TKCN=:TNK?. ':T:P DC_K=U:[DP RKHA=GDNRP, C:<=DUA=, ? +GAT?:=N:@\CMW D <K@IQKHK?MW
KNZeN:W &KCQ=ARRI <A[D:@\CKQK 1ACA=:@\CKQK 2CR<ATNK=: <K ?KRRN:CK?@ACDa 2=:T:
(:CQ@. Quarterly Reports and Semiannual Reports To Congress of Special Inspector General
for Iraq Reconstruction)
7
. 7K ?NK=MW, K_D[D:@\C:P DC_K=U:[DP, <=AHKRN:?@PAU:P
=:d@DZCMUD QKRIH:=RN?ACCMUD K=Q:C:UD, H:eN R?AHACDP K^ gTKCKUDZARTKY
g__ATND?CKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ? H?IW ?KYC:W, T:T DW ?DHPN
:UA=DT:CRTDA TKCQ=ARRUACM. iNI DC_K=U:[Da UKGCK <K@IZDN\, C:<=DUA=, Dd 2NKQK?KQK
KNZeN: &KCQ=ARRI &KUDRRDD <K 7KACCMU TKCN=:TN:U 2=:T: D "_Q:CDRN:C: (:CQ@. Final
Report to Congress. Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan
8
). 7-N=AN\DW,
^@:QKH:=P +GAT?:=N:@\CMU KNZeN:U mACN=:@\CKQK TKU:CHK?:CDP K <A=A<DRD Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY (:CQ@. CENTCOM Quarterly Contractor Census Reports)
9
, UKGCK
HK?K@\CK NKZCK K<=AHA@DN\ ZDR@ACCKRN\ RKN=IHCDTK? _D=U, TKNK=MA d:T@aZ:@D
TKCN=:TNM R l". 7-ZAN?e=NMW, ^@:QKH:=P =PHI HKTIUACNK? UKGCK RKRN:?DN\
<=AHRN:?@ACDA K NKU, T:TDU K^=:dKU :UA=DT:CRTKA QKRIH:=RN?K <@:CD=IAN =AO:N\

6
2C_K=U:[DP R 4_D[D:@\CKQK R:YN: TKU<:CDD Academi <http://academi.com/>
7
Quarterly Reports and Semiannual Reports To Congress of The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
// Official page of The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
<http://www.sigir.mil/publications/quarterlyreports/index.html >
8
Transforming Wartime Contracting. Controlling costs, reducing risks // Commission on Wartime Contracting in
Iraq and Afghanistan. 2011. August.
<http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/cwc/20110929213820/http://www.wartimecontracting.gov/docs/CWC_Fi
nalReport-lowres.pdf>
9
CENTCOM Quarterly Contractor Census Reports <http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/PS/CENTCOM_reports.html>
7

<=K^@AUM, ?KdCDT:abDA ? R?PdD R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY T:T C:
N:TNDZARTKU ?KACCKU I=K?CA, N:T D C: I=K?CA <=DC[D<D:@\CMW =AOACDY K^ DW
<=D?@AZACDD T K<A=:[DPU
10
. )KUDUK gNKQK ?:GCIa DC_K=U:[Da <=AHKRN:?@PaN
?RA?KdUKGCMA :IHDNK=RTDA KNZeNM K HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ? 2=:TA D
"_Q:CDRN:CA
11
. 7 CDW UKGCK C:YND T:T =:d@DZCIa RN:NDRNDZARTIa DC_K=U:[Da, N:T D
DC_K=U:[Da K RIbARN?IabDW =AQ@:UACN:W D <=K[AHI=:W =A:QD=K?:CDP C: Z=Ad?MZ:YCMA
RDNI:[DD, ?KdCDT:abDA ? WKHA =:^KNM RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY.
<DRTD GA=N? RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <KUKQ:aN K[ACDN\ DW
RKKNCKOACDA <K R=:?CACDa R <KNA=PUD RK@H:N =AQI@P=CMW :=UDY. $: K_D[D:@\CKU R:YNA
<KNA=\ TK:@D[DKCCMW ?KYRT gN: DC_K=U:[DP <=AHRN:?@AC: <KH=K^CK: R DUAC:UD,
Q=:GH:CRN?KU, K^RNKPNA@\RN?:W QDÂ@D D H=IQKY DC_K=U:[DAY K <KQDÔDW
12
. 4HC:TK
K_D[D:@\CMA R?AHACDP K <KNA=PW RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY DUAaNRP
NK@\TK <K 2=:TRTKY T:U<:CDD.
6=IQ:P ?:GC:P Q=I<<: DRNKZCDTK? <K DCNA=ARIabAY C:R NAUA CK?KRNCMA =ARI=RM
D R?KHTD. 7 =AdI@\N:NA ?RA?KdUKGCMW DC[DHACNK?, TKNK=MA R@IZ:aNRP ? WKHA
HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D DW RKN=IHCDTK? ? dKC:W TKC_@DTNK?,
<KP?@PANRP ^K@\OKA TK@DZARN?K [ACCKY DC_K=U:[DD. iND R?AHACDP K<A=:ND?CK
N=:CR@D=IaNRP GI=C:@DRN:UD, TKNK=MU IH:eNRP HK?K@\CK NKZCK <A=AH:?:N\ <KH=K^CKRND,
ZNK <KHN?A=GH:ANRP <=D R=:?CACDD gNDW R?AHACDY R DC_K=U:[DAY K_D[D:@\CMW
HKTIUACNK?, K TKNK=MW DHeN =AZ\ ?MOA. 7 =:^KNA DR<K@\dK?:CM U:NA=D:@M [A@KQK R<ATN=:
d:=IÂGCMW <A=DKHDZARTDW DdH:CDY: $\a-3K=T ':YUR (:CQ@. The New York Times),
1:=HD:C (:CQ@. The Guardian), 7:ODCQNKC )KRN (:CQ@. The Washington Post) D
H=IQDA
13
.
&=KUA NKQK, ? =:^KNA DR<K@\dIaNRP D H=IQDA DRNKZCDTD. 4NHA@\CMA K_D[D:@\CMA
HKTIUACNM $"'4
14
, : N:TGA CATKNK=MW d:<:HCMW QKRIH:=RN?
15
<Kd?K@PaN <=K?ARND :C:@Dd

10
U. C:<=.: Letter for Secretary of State. Monitoring Responsibilities for Serious Incidents Involving Private
Security Contractors Once U.S. Military Forces Leave Iraq Have Not Been Determined (SIGIR 11-019) // Special
Inspector General For Iraq Reconstruction. <http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/11-019.pdf>; Private Military
Contractors in Iraq: an Examination of Blackwaters Actions in Fallujah // United States House of Representatives.
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. 2007. September. <http://www.c-
span.org/pdf/blackwater100207.pdf>
11
U. C:<=.: Audit of USAID/Afghanistans Oversight of Private Security Contractors in Afghanistan. Audit
Report n 5-306-10-009. 2010. 21 May. <http://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-reports/5-306-10-009-p.pdf>
12
Iraq Coalition Casualties: Contractors // Official Page of Iraq Coalition Casualty Count
<http://icasualties.org/Iraq/Contractors.aspx>
13
U. C:<=.: Foreign contractors hired Afghan dancing boys, WikiLeaks reveals // The Guardian. 2010. 2
December. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/02/foreign-contractors-hired-dancing-boys>
14
NATO Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Doctrine. 2003. June. <http://www.cimic-coe.org/download/AJP-
9.pdf>
8

<=DZDC, <K TKNK=MU RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=DÂQ:aN T DR<K@\dK?:CDa Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. 7 =:^KNA N:TGA DR<K@\dIaNRP ?DHAKd:<DRD KHCKQK Dd ^Ke?, ? TKNK=KU
IZ:RN?K?:@D RKN=IHCDTD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
16
. 7 RKZAN:CDD R TKUUACN:=DPUD
R<A[D:@DRNK? KCD <KUKQ:aN K[ACDN\ I=K?AC\ ?K?@AZeCCKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ?
:=UAYRTDA K<A=:[DD D DW ?d:DUKHAYRN?DA R ?KYRT:UD.
':TDU K^=:dKU, CARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK R_A=: HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY P?@PANRP HKRN:NKZCK d:T=MNKY, H@P HKRNDGACDP [A@AY C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM
DUAabDWRP C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ KNT=MNMW DRNKZCDTK? <K H:CCKY NAUA HKRN:NKZCK. ':U,
QHA CA W?:N:AN K_D[D:@\CKY DC_K=U:[DD, <=AHKRN:?@PAUKY R:UDU QKRIH:=RN?KU,
DR<K@\dIaNRP U:NA=D:@M E2. /K@\OKA TK@DZARN?K H:CCMW =:RT=M?:ANRP ? =AdI@\N:NA
NAW D@D DCMW RT:CH:@K?, IZ:RNCDT:UD TKNK=MW KT:dM?:aNRP RKN=IHCDTD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY. 7 RKZAN:CDD R DC_K=U:[DAY, TKNK=Ia <=AHKRN:?@PaN R:UD Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA
TKU<:CDD, HKTIUACN:UD UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?KQK W:=:TNA=: D H=IQDUD R?AHACDPUD,
<A=AZDR@ACCMA ?MOA U:NA=D:@M <Kd?K@PaN R_K=UD=K?:N\ HKRN:NKZCIa ^:dI H@P
<=K?AHACDP CAK^WKHDUKQK :C:@Dd: D KN?ANK? C: <KRN:?@ACCMA DRR@AHK?:NA@\RTDA ?K<=KRM.
"C:@Dd HKRNI<CMW DRNKZCDTK? <K H:CCKY NAUA N:TGA <KT:dM?:AN, ZNK U:NA=D:@K? <K ?KYCA
? 2=:TA QK=:dHK ^K@\OA, : RN:NDRNDT: ?AHeNRP ^K@AA <K@CK D <=KHIU:CCK, ZAU ? R@IZ:A R
"_Q:CDRN:CKU. iNK KôPRCPANRP NAU, ZNK <=D :HUDCDRN=:[DD 6GK=HG: /IO: U@:HOAQK
KRCK?CKA ?CDU:CDA ^M@K IHA@ACK DUACCK 2=:TRTKY T:U<:CDD. DNI:[DP C:Z:@: UACPN\RP
NK@\TK <=D /:=:TA 4^:UA, TKNK=MY <A=AC:<=:?D@ IRD@DP C: K<A=:[Da ? "_Q:CDRN:CA.
)I^@DT:[DD <K NAUA <KP?@ACDP, HAPNA@\CKRND D DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY ? HK?K@\CK ^K@\ODW TK@DZARN?:W <KP?@PaNRP ? -KRRDD ?K ?NK=KY <K@K?DCA
2000-W QKHK?. `C:ZDNA@\C:P Z:RN\ =KRRDYRTDW :?NK=K?, <DOIbDW C: gNI NAUI, ? <A=?Ia
KZA=AH\ DCNA=ARIANRP <=:?K?MUD :R<ATN:UD. $:D^K@AA :TND?CK d:CDU:aNRP gNDUD
?K<=KR:UD 7K@A?KHd ".1. D &:OCDTK? /.$. C: RN=:CD[:W N:TDW DdH:CDY, T:T 7KACCK-
a=DHDZARTDY GI=C:@, EAGHIC:=KHCKA IQK@K?CKA <=:?K D UAGHIC:=KHC:P aRND[DP D
H=
17
.
4HC:TK <=K^@AUM DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& ? ?KACCMW K<A=:[DPW N:TGA DCNA=ARIaN
=KRRDYRTDW :?NK=K?. 7 <KR@AHCDA QKHM ?Re ^K@\OA <I^@DT:[DY ?MWKHDN ? $Ad:?DRDUKU

15
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: Strategic Defence and Security Review. 2010.
<http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/documents/digitalasset/dg_191634.
pdf>
16
U. C:<=.: Najaf Iraq Blackwater Firefight // Youtube. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaJYlk4z5RQ
17
U. C:<=.: 7K@A?KHd ".1. )=K^@AUM, <=DC[D<M D <A=R<ATND?M =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW <=AH<=DPNDY // 7ARNCDT E12E4 0CD?A=RDNAN:. 2010. n 3.
9

?KACCKU K^Kd=ACDD, 7KACCK-<=KUMO@ACCKU TI=\A=A, `:=IÂGCKU ?KACCKU
K^Kd=ACDD. 7 gNDW <A=DKHDZARTDW DdH:CDPW UKGCK ?RN=ANDN\ RN:N\D Dd?ARNCMW
gTR<A=NK?, R<A[D:@DRNK? ? K^@:RND RN=:NAQDZARTDW DRR@AHK?:CDY, N:TDW T:T "@ATR:CH=
p=:UZDWDC
18
D@D QACA=:@-U:YK= A=QAY &:CZITK?
19
.
)KUDUK <I^@DT:[DY ? IT:d:CCMW ?MOA DdH:CDPW <A=I CATKNK=MW Dd CDW
<=DC:H@AG:N UKCKQ=:_DD C: DCNA=ARIabIa C:R NAUI. )AZ:N:abDYRP ? `:=IÂGCKU
?KACCKU K^Kd=ACDD QACA=:@-@AYNAC:CN 0?:=K? $.E. ? R?KAY =:^KNA Dd@:Q:AN AQK ?dQ@PH C:
<=K^@AUI DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ?KACCMUD ?AHKURN?:UD =:dCMW
RN=:C `:<:H:
20
. 7UARNA R NAU, ? =:^KNA CAN <KH=K^CKQK :?NK=RTKQK :C:@Dd:. 7K UCKQKU KC:
KRCK?M?:ANRP C: =:^KN:W :UA=DT:CRTDW DRR@AHK?:NA@AY.
"@ATR:CH= p=:UZDWDC <KUAb:AN ? R?KY :?NK=RTDY R^K=CDT -IRRTDA C: ?KYCA =PH
RN:NAY, d:N=:QD?:abDW <=K^@AUI DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
QKRIH:=RN?:UD
21
. 7 gNDW D H=IQDW U:NA=D:@:W R^K=CDT: HK?K@\CK <KH=K^CK Dd@KGAC: AQK
gTR<A=NC:P <KdD[DP <K H:CCKUI ?K<=KRI, KHC:TK _K=U:N RN:NAY CA <Kd?K@PAN :?NK=I
<=K?ARND <KH=K^CMY :C:@Dd RD@\CMW D R@:^MW RNK=KC gNKY <=:TNDTD C: KRCK?A
TKCT=ANCMW <=DUA=K?.
)KdD[DP 4@AQ: 7:@A[TKQK <K ?K<=KRI DR<K@\dK?:CDP d:<:HCMUD QKRIH:=RN?:UD
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <=AHRN:?@PANRP DCNA=ARCKY D ?:GCKY H@P =:RRUKN=ACDP. 4C CA
P?@PANRP :T:HAUDZARTDU DRR@AHK?:NA@AU, CK AQK K<MN <Kd?K@PAN WK=KOK K=DACND=K?:N\RP
? H:CCKU ?K<=KRA: HK@QKA ?=AUP KC ^M@ RKN=IHCDTKU KHCKY Dd Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
D d:CDU:@RP QIU:CDN:=CMU =:dUDCD=K?:CDAU C: NA==DNK=DD ^M?OAY ]QKR@:?DD, : d:NAU
D ? "_Q:CDRN:CA. $: <=KNPGACDD UCKQDW @AN KC <I^@DTIAN R?KD RN:N\D <K gNKY NAUA C:
=:d@DZCMW DCNA=CAN =ARI=R:W. 2NKQKU AQK =:^KNM P?D@:R\ <I^@DT:[DP <K@CK[ACCKQK
DdH:CDP, <KR?PbeCCKQK RN=:NAQDD RN=:C `:<:H: D =:d?DNDa RDRNAU ?KK=IGACDP D
^KA<=D<:RK?
22
. 4HDC Dd =:dHA@K? TCDQD <K@CKRN\a <KR?PbeC =K@D Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY ? <=K?AHACDD ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY. 4HC:TK D ? gNKY TCDQA, D ? R?KDW RN:N\PW :?NK=
? ^K@\OAY RNA<ACD TKC[ACN=D=IANRP C: <=K^@AU:W D DC[DHACN:W, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN ?

18
p=:UZDWDC ". )KZAUI ?KRN=A^K?:CM ICD?A=R:@\CMA RK@H:NM // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. 2010. 22
PC?:=P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/concepts/2010-01-22/1_universal.html>
19
&:CZITK? . lD=KTKA <K@A HAPNA@\CKRND H@P c7& // 7KACCK-<=KUMO@ACCMY TI=\A=. 2012. 22 :?QIRN:.
<http://vpk-news.ru/articles/9179>
20
0?:=K? $.E. c:RNCMY ^DdCAR C: R@IGÂ ?KACCMW ?AHKURN?. )K K<MNI KRCK?CMW d:=IÂGCMW RN=:C. E.:
+HDNK=D:@ 0-, 2009.
21
p=:UZDWDC ". -IRRTDA C: ?KYCA. E.: &@aZ-, 2010.
22
7:@A[TDY 4.7. $K?:P RN=:NAQDP l" D $"'4 ? ?KYC:W ? ]QKR@:?DD, 2=:TA, "_Q:CDRN:CA D Ae ?@DPCDA C:
=:d?DNDA d:=IÂGCMW RDRNAU ?KK=IGACDP D ^KA<=D<:RK?. E.: "=TNDT: 46, 2008.
10

R?PdD R <=D?@AZACDAU Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, ? UAC\OAY RNA<ACD IHA@PP ?CDU:CDA
<=DZDC:U gNKQK P?@ACDP.
)=K_ARRK= ".$. EDW:Y@ACTK HK@QDA QKHM P?@P@RP c@ACKU =:^KZAY Q=I<<M 44$ <K
<=K^@AU:U =AQI@D=K?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. +QK <KRK^DA -AQI@D=K?:CDA
HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? dKC:W ?KK=IGeCCMW
TKC_@DTNK?
23
P?@PANRP AHDCRN?ACCMU ? R?KeU =KHA ? -KRRDD. )=D gNKU ?K<=KRM, TKNK=MA
=:RRU:N=D?:aNRP ? gNKU DdH:CDD, <Kd?K@PaN ?T@aZDN\ AQK ? R<DRKT @DNA=:NI=M. iNK
R?Pd:CK R @DZCMU K<MNKU :?NK=: ? =:RRUKN=ACDD DCNA=ARIabAQK C:R ?K<=KR: D
KNRINRN?DAU I CAQK H=IQDW K_D[D:@\CMW <I^@DT:[DY <K gNKY NAUA.
2dIZACDAU <=K^@AU DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D DW HAPNA@\CKRND
:TND?CK d:CDU:ANRP mACN= A?=K-:N@:CNDZARTKY ÂdK<:RCKRND 0CD?A=RDNAN: E12E4.
$:D^K@\OIa <I^@DT:[DKCCIa :TND?CKRN\ dHAR\ <=KP?@PaN AQK RKN=IHCDTD $K?DTK?:
6.4. D $DTDNDC ".2.. 4CD CA NK@\TK <I^@DTIaN C:IZCMA =:^KNM C: gNI NAUI
24
, CK D
QKNK?PN :C:@DNDZARTDA d:<DRTD <K gNKY <=K^@AU:NDTA H@P =KRRDYRTKQK EDCDRNA=RN?:
DCKRN=:CCMW HA@.
&=KUA NKQK, ? C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA DR<K@\dK?:@:R\ D H=IQ:P @DNA=:NI=:, <KR?PbeCC:P
?K<=KR:U ?KACCKY RN=:NAQDD. $K?KA DdH:CDA ?KACCK-<K@DNDZARTKQK R@K?:=P <KH =AH:T[DAY
6UDN=DP -KQKdDC:
25
<Kd?K@PAN =:dK^=:N\RP ? =:d@DZDPW <KCPNDY Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA
TKU<:CDD D C:eUCDTD. '=IHM 7@:HDUD=: @D<ZACTK
26
T=I<CKQK ?KACCKQK IZeCKQK,
R<A[D:@DRN: ? K^@:RND ?KACCKY RN=:NAQDD N:TGA :TND?CK DR<K@\dIaNRP ? C:OAU
DRR@AHK?:CDD. 4<D=:PR\ C: AQK =:^KNM, <KR?PbeCCMA ?KYC:U OARNKQK <KTK@ACDP, IH:@KR\
RHA@:N\ =PH ?M?KHK? KNCKRDNA@\CK <=DZDC DR<K@\dK?:CDP QKRIH:=RN?:UD Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY.
':TDU K^=:dKU, C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ ? -KRRDD ?K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDPW D DW HAPNA@\CKRND P?@PANRP U:@K DdIZACCMU. 7UARNA R NAU ?
<KR@AHCDA QKHM DCNA=AR T gNKY <=K^@AUA C:ZDC:AN =:RND D TK@DZARN?K <I^@DT:[DY =:RNeN.
+RN\ KRCK?:CDP RZDN:N\, ZNK ? ^@DG:YOAA ?=AUP ÎHAN <KP?@PN\RP Abe ^K@\OA =:^KN C:

23
EDW:Y@ACTK ".$. -AQI@D=K?:CDA HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? dKC:W
?KK=IGACCMW TKC_@DTNK? // E.: 2dH-?K -"1, 2010.
24
U. C:<=.: $K?DTK?: 6.4. )=K^@AUM DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCK-KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY <=D <=K?AHACDD
?KACCMW K<A=:[DY l" // 7ARNCDT E12E4. n 3. (12), 2010.
25
7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW. 7KACCK-<K@DNDZARTDY R@K?:=\ // )KH. K^b. =AH. -KQKdDC: 6.4. /
E. : 7AZA, 2011.
26
U. C:<=.: @D<ZACTK 7. & T:TKY ?KYCA HK@GC: ^MN\ QKNK?: -KRRDP // -ARI=R )K@DN.=I.
<http://polit.ru/article/2004/11/18/slipch/>
11

gNI NAUI, N:T T:T ?K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY ^M@ <KHCPN C:
QKRIH:=RN?ACCKU I=K?CA.
`:=IÂGCMA :?NK=M RN:@D K^=:b:N\RP T <=K^@AU:U, R?Pd:CCMU R Z:RNCMUD
?KACCMUD TKU<:CDPUD D R N:T C:dM?:AUKY <=D?:NDd:[DAY ?KACCKY R_A=M =:C\OA, ZAU ?
-KRRDD, N:T T:T DUACCK N:U <KP?D@RP <KHK^CMY K<MN. )I^@DT:[DKCC:P :TND?CKRN\
<=DWKHDNRP C: 1990-A 2000-A QKHM. &=IQ NAU, TKNK=MA DCNA=ARIaN ? gNKY R?PdD d:<:HCMW
:?NK=K? OD=A, ZAU I KNAZARN?ACCMW. 4CD d:N=:QD?:aN T:T Z:RNCMA ?K<=KRM (? NKU ZDR@A
?K<=KRM <=:?:
27
), N:T D HK?K@\CK OD=KTDA (C:<=DUA=, K ?@DPCDD <A=AH:ZD ?KACCMW
_ICT[DY ? Z:RNCMA =ITD C: HAUKT=:NDa).
4HCKY Dd C:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCMW D <K-R?KAUI W=ARNKU:NDYCKY P?@PANRP =:^KN:
:UA=DT:CRTKQK DRR@AHK?:NA@P )DNA=: 0K==AC: DCQA=: &K=<K=:ND?CMA ?KDCM (:CQ@.
Corpotare Warriors)
28
. iNI TCDQI [DND=IAN <KH:?@PabAA ^K@\ODCRN?K KNAZARN?ACCMW D
d:=IÂGCMW :?NK=K?, d:CDU:abDWRP <=K^@AU:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. "
T@:RRD_DT:[DP, TKNK=Ia <=AH@:Q:AN DCQA=, ?dPN: d: KRCK?I ^K@\ODU TK@DZARN?KU
DRR@AHK?:NA@AY, T:T ? C:OAY RN=:CA, N:T D ? RN=:C:W `:<:H:. 7 gNKY =:^KNA :?NK= CA NK@\TK
<=AHRN:?@PAN RK^RN?ACCIa T@:RRD_DT:[Da, <=D?KHDN C:D^K@AA P=TDA <=DUA=M
DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, CK D :C:@DdD=IAN <=DZDCM DW <KP?@ACDP D
DCNA=AR: T gNDU RN=ITNI=:U RK RNK=KCM QKRIH:=RN?:. &=KUA NKQK, ?:GCKY <=D
=:RRUKN=ACDD DCNA=ARIabAQK C:R ?K<=KR: P?@PANRP =:^KN: DCQA=: $A UKGAU KHA=G:N\
<KÂHI R CDUD, CA UKGAU KN<=:?DN\RP C: ?KYCI Âd CDW (:CQ@. Cant Win With Em,
Cant Go to War Without Em)
29
. 7 CAY K<DRM?:aNRP <=K^@AUM, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN I
QKRIH:=RN?: <=D DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. 4HC:TK Ae CAHKRN:NTKU
P?@PANRP NK, ZNK :?NK=, <K RIND, <=K?KHDN :C:@Dd @DO\ CARTK@\TDW DC[DHACNK? ? =:UT:W
NK@\TK KHCKY ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK?.
"UA=DT:CRT:P DRR@AHK?:NA@\CD[: 6A^K=: "?:CN, K<D=:PR\ ? R?KAY =:^KNA C:
DRR@AHK?:CDA )DNA=: DCQA=:, K<DRM?:AN CAQ:ND?CMA <KR@AHRN?DP, TKNK=MA ?@AZeN d:
RK^KY :TND?CKA DR<K@\dK?:CDA QKRIH:=RN?:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. 4C: RZDN:AN,
ZNK gNK <=D?AHeN T CAQ:ND?CMU <KR@AHRN?DPU T:T H@P QKRIH:=RN? D DW Q=:GH:C, N:T D H@P
UAGHIC:=KHCKY ÂdK<:RCKRND ? [A@KU.

27
Cameron L. Private Military Companies: Their Status Under International Humanitarian Law and its Impact on
Their Regulation // International Review of the Red Cross. 2006. '. 88. n 863. P. 573-598.
28
Singer P.W. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. New York: Cornell University
Press, 2003.
29
Singer P.W. Cant Win With Em , Cant Go to War Without Em // Foreign Policy at Brookings. 2007.
September. n 4. P. 2.
<http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2007/9/27militarycontractors/0927militarycontractors>
12

4HCKY Dd T@aZA?MW =:^KN, C: TKNK=Ia R@AHIAN K<D=:N\RP <=D K<DR:CDD
DC[DHACNK?, R?Pd:CCMW R :UA=DT:CRTKY TKU<:CDAY /@gTIKNA=, P?@PANRP TCDQ: 6GA=AUD
TgYWD@@: (:CQ@. Jeremy Scahill)
30
. iN: TCDQ: RA=\edCKA =:RR@AHK?:CDA, <KR?PbeCCKA
HAPNA@\CKRND H:CCKY TKU<:CDD D Ae KRCK?:NA@P. 4C: <=AHKRN:?@PAN ^K@\OKY _:TNDZARTDY
U:NA=D:@, TKNK=MY :?NK=I IH:@KR\ RK^=:N\ ?KAHDCK, KHC:TK KC CA RN:?DN R?KAY [A@\a
<=K?AHACDA RA=\edCKQK :C:@Dd: <=DZDC DCNA=AR: QKRIH:=RN?: T N:TDU _D=U:U.
2CRNDNIN RN=:NAQDZARTDW DRR@AHK?:CDY (:CQ@. Strategic Studies Institute) P?@PANRP
KHCDU Dd :?NK=DNANCMW [ACN=K?, d:CDU:abDWRP H:CCKY <=K^@AU:NDTKY ? KAHDCeCCMW
lN:N:W "UA=DTD. 7 C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA DR<K@\dK?:CM T:T DRR@AHK?:CDP, <KR?PbeCCMA
<=K^@AU:U DR<K@\dK?:CDP ?KACCKY RD@M
31
D TKC[A<[DPU RK?=AUACCMW ?KYC
32
, N:T D
<I^@DT:[DD :?NK=K? gNKQK C:IZCKQK [ACN=:, d:CDU:abDWRP CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK ?K<=KR:UD
HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
33
.
7 l?AY[:=DD, TKNK=:P P?@PANRP :=ACKY H@P K^RIGHACDP =:d@DZCMW DCD[D:ND?,
T:R:abDWRP HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, d:CDU:aNRP =:d@DZCMUD
?K<=KR:UD, R?Pd:CCMUD R gNKY <=K^@AU:NDTKY. 4HCDU Dd C:D^K@AA DCNA=ARCMW
DRR@AHK?:CDY P?@PANRP DdIZACDA <=K^@AU DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D
?d:DUKHAYRN?DP DW <A=RKC:@: R C:RA@ACDAU RN=:CM, ? TKNK=KY KCD HAYRN?IaN. iNDU
?K<=KRKU d:CDU:aNRP DRR@AHK?:NA@D l?AY[:=RTKQK DCRNDNIN: UD=: (:CQ@. Swisspeace
Institute)
34
. 4CD :C:@DdD=IaN K<MN "CQK@M D "_Q:CDRN:C:, ZNK <Kd?K@PAN K<D=:N\RP C:
H:CCIa =:^KNI <=D :C:@DdA <=K^@AU D ?MQKH KN DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY.
NKTQK@\URTDY DCRNDNIN DRR@AHK?:CDP <=K^@AU UD=: (:CQ@. Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute) P?@PANRP KHCDU Dd C:D^K@AA :?NK=DNANCMW UD=K?MW
[ACN=K? <K DCNA=ARIabDU C:R ?K<=KR:U. 2RR@AHK?:NA@D DCRNDNIN: CA K^WKHPN R?KDU
?CDU:CDAU <=K^@AU:NDTI <=D?@AZACDP D HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY
35
.

30
Scahill J. Blackwater. The Rise of The Most Powerful Mercenary Army. New York: Nation Books, 2008.
31
Gray C.S. Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21
st

Century // Strategic Studies Institute. 2011. 8 April.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubid=1059>
32
Echevaria A.J. II Fourth-Generation War and Other Myths // Strategic Studies Institute. 2005. November.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=632>
33
Crofford C.D. Private Security Contractors on the Battlefield // Strategic Studies Institute. 2006. 15 March.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/ksil320.pdf>
34
Joras U. Schuster A. Private Security Companies and Local Populations: An Exploratory Study of Afghanistan
and Angola // Swiss Peace Institute. 2008.
<http://www.swisspeace.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Media/Publications/WP1_2008.pdf>
35
Holmqvist C. Private Security Companies. The Case for Regulation // SIPRI Policy Paper n9. 2005. January.
<http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP09.pdf>
13

&=KUA NKQK, ? =:^KNA DR<K@\dK?:CM U:NA=D:@M AGAQKHCMW DRR@AHK?:CDY <K ?K<=KR:U
UD=K?MW =:RWKHK? C: ?KK=IGACDP
36
.
7 6:NRTKU DCRNDNINA UAGHIC:=KHCMW DRR@AHK?:CDY (:CQ@. - Danish Institute for
International Studies) N:TGA DdIZ:ANRP ?K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY QKRIH:=RN?:UD. 2RR@AHK?:NA@AY DCNA=ARIAN ?K<=KR K <A=R<ATND?:W D <=:TNDTA
DR<K@\dK?:CDP H:CCMW RN=ITNI= ? TKCNATRNA =A:@Dd:[DD CK?MW RN=:NAQDY
37
. $:HK
KNUANDN\, ZNK RT:CHDC:?RTDA DRR@AHK?:NA@D HK?K@\CK :TND?CK DCNA=ARIaNRP ?K<=KR:UD
<=D?:NDd:[DD ?KACCKY R_A=M. iNK <KHN?A=GH:AN TK@DZARN?K D NAU:NDT: =:^KN :?NK=K? Dd
l?A[DD, 6:CDD D $K=?AQDD, K<I^@DTK?:CCMW ? R^K=CDTA 6AC:[DKC:@Dd:[DP K^K=KCM:
RWKHRN?K D UCKQKK^=:dDA
38
. 2RR@AHK?:NA@AY Dd gNDW RN=:C ? ^K@\OAY RNA<ACD DCNA=ARIaN
HK@QKR=KZCMA <KR@AHRN?DP <=KDRWKHPbDW ? gNKY R_A=A DdUACACDY.
$AUA[TDW DRR@AHK?:NA@AY ?K<=KRM HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY N:TGA
DCNA=ARIaN. 4HCKY Dd P=TDW TCDQ, <KR?PbeCCMW gNKY NAU:NDTA, P?@PANRP =:^KN: -K@\_:
0gRRA@A=: (CAU. Rolf Uesseler) 7KYC: T:T IR@IQ: (CAU. Krieg als Dienstleistung)
39
.
"?NK= R ^K@\ODU K<:RACDAU KNCKRDNRP T =:ROD=ACDa <K@P HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW
RN=ITNI= ? ?KACCKY R_A=A, RZDN:P, ZNK gNK ? DNKQA UKGAN <=DCARND ?=AH QKRIH:=RN?:U, DW
Q=:GH:C:U D HAUKT=:NDD ? [A@KU. $AUA[TDY :?NK= :C:@DdD=IAN ^K@\OKA TK@DZARN?K
_:TNDZARTKQK U:NA=D:@:, : N:TGA <=D?KHDN =PH d:R@IGD?:abDW ?CDU:CDP RIGHACDY D
?M?KHK?.
&=KUA NKQK, ? =:^KNA DR<K@\dK?:C: TCDQ: /K^: 7IH?K=H: 7KYCM 4^:UM (:CQ@.
Obamas Wars)
40
. 4C: P?@PANRP [ACCKY, N:T T:T ? CAY KC <KH=K^CK K<DRM?:AN, T:T
<=DCDU:@DR\ =AOACDP K^ KN<=:?TA HK<K@CDNA@\CMW TKCNDCQACNK? ? "_Q:CDRN:C. iNK
<Kd?K@PAN RKRN:?DN\ ^K@A NKZCKA <=AHRN:?@ACDA K^ KRKÂCCKRNPW <=DCPNDP RN=:NAQDZARTDW
=AOACDY. ECACDP :?NK=K? =:dCMW g<KW, Dd@KGACCMA ? DW N=IH:W
41
, D d:N=:QD?:abDA
?K<=KR K^ g__ATND?CKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP C:eUCDTK?, <Kd?K@PaN RKRN:?DN\ <=AHRN:?@ACDA

36
Military Expenditure Database // Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2013.
<http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/milex_database>
37
Moesgaard C. Private Military in Counter-Insurgency Strategy // Danish Institute for International Studies. 2011.
March. <http://www.diis.dk/graphics/publications/policybriefs%202011/pb2011-private-military-companies-
web.pdf>
38
Denationalisation of defence: convergence and diversity / Edited by Matlary J.H. and Osterud O. Ashgate
Publishing, 2007.
39
0gRRA@A= -. 7KYC: T:T IR@IQ:. E.: '4V2m"-)-2$', 2007.
40
Woodward B. Obamas Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.
41
U. C:<=.: )K@D^DY. 7RAK^b:P DRNK=DP // E.: 444 2dH:NA@\RN?K "', 2004. '.1
14

K^ KNCKOACDD T C:eUCDT:U ? =:d@DZCMA ?=AUAC:. iNK CAK^WKHDUK H@P <KCDU:CDP <=DZDC,
<K TKNK=MU R@KGD@KR\ CAQ:ND?CKA UCACDA K Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY RD@A.
':TDU K^=:dKU, HAPNA@\CKRN\ Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY DCNA=ARIAN d:<:HCMW
DRR@AHK?:NA@AY C: <=KNPGACDD <KR@AHCDW H?IW HARPND@ANDY. -:^KN, <KR?PbeCCMW
?RA?KdUKGCMU :R<ATN:U gNKY <=K^@AU:NDTD, ?MO@K CAU:@K. 2RR@AHK?:NA@\RTDY DCNA=AR
CA IQ:R:AN, D, RTK=AA ?RAQK, ÎHAN NK@\TK ?Kd=:RN:N\. iNKUI R<KRK^RN?IAN D ?MWKH ? R?AN
CK?MW DRNKZCDTK?, <KP?@PabDWRP <K UA=A ?Re ^K@AA :TND?CKQK <=D?@AZACDP Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. iNK T:R:ANRP T:T DdIZACDP _ICH:UACN:@\CMW ?K<=KRK? (C:<=DUA=,
<A=R<ATND?M, <=ADUIbARN?: D CAHKRN:NTD <A=AH:ZD ?KACCMW _ICT[DY ? Z:RNCMA =ITD),
N:T D ^K@AA <=DT@:HCMW (C:<=DUA=, R<KRK^M I@IZOACDP ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI ?KYRT:UD
D RKN=IHCDT:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY). )=D gNKU CD ? KHCKY =:^KNA CA
R_K=UI@D=K?:C: N:T:P [A@\, T:T ?MP?@ACDA <=DZDC =KRN: DCNA=AR: QKRIH:=RN? T
DR<K@\dK?:CDa Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= DUACCK ? WKHA <=K?AHACDP d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY, WKNP
?K UCKQDW Dd CDW d:N=:QD?:ANRP UCKGARN?K :R<ATNK? gNKQK ?K<=KR:.

15

16

1@:?: 1
?H]UM_K JVKMM_K ZVT`HMNN N `[NJHUNRHPNa JVbM_
)=D?:NDd:[DP, HAC:[DKC:@Dd:[DP, :INRK=RDCQ, <KH=PHM ?KN NK@\TK Z:RN\
NA=UDCK?, TKNK=MA RAQKHCP RN:@D C:RNK@\TK =:R<=KRN=:CeCCMUD, ZNK R CDUD dC:TKUM D
:TND?CK DW DR<K@\dIaN H:@ATK CA KHCD @DO\ R<A[D:@DRNM ? R_A=A gTKCKUDTD D@D
UACAHGUACN:. 7KN IGA ^K@AA H?:H[:ND @AN :C:@DNDTD D gTR<A=NM ? K^@:RND
RN=:NAQDZARTDW DRR@AHK?:CDY =:RRU:N=D?:aN gND <KCPNDP ? TKCNATRNA ?KACCKY R<A[D_DTD.
2 ?KN IGA NA=UDCM <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KYCM, ?KACCMY :INRK=RDCQ, HAC:[DKC:@Dd:[DP
?KACCKY R_A=M, ?KACCMA <KH=PHZDTD, ?KACCMA TKCN=:TNK=M UKGCK ?RN=ANDN\ CA
NK@\TK ? R<A[D:@DdD=K?:CCKY @DNA=:NI=A D@D C:IZCMW <I^@DT:[DPW, CK D C: RN=:CD[:W
HA@K?MW GI=C:@K?, N:TDW T:T, C:<=DUA=, Harvard Business Review
42
. +RNARN?ACCK,
GI=C:@DRNM ?R<KUDC:aN K^ gNDW <KCPNDPW, DUACCK TKQH: QK?K=PN K Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDPW. 2CNA=ARCK, ZNK gTR<A=NK?, DRR@AHK?:NA@AY D GI=C:@DRNK? DCNA=ARIaN RWKGDA
?K<=KRM: : ZNK GA, RK^RN?ACCK, <=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY gND Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD; T:T T
CDU KNCKRDN\RP, : N:TGA <=AHRN:?@PaN @D KCD IQ=KdI H@P IRN:CK?D?OAYRP UKCK<K@DD
QKRIH:=RN?: C: ?KACCIa RD@I.
$:HK RT:d:N\, ZNK KNCKOACDA T N:TKUI P?@ACDa, T:T DR<K@\dK?:CDA QKRIH:=RN?KU
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, HK?K@\CK CAKHCKdC:ZCK. 4CK ?:=\D=IANRP KN ?KRNK=GACCMW
?KdQ@:RK? K NKU, ZNK d: CDUD ÎHIbAA D CAN RUMR@: K<:R:N\RP D <=A<PNRN?K?:N\ DW
<=D?@AZACDa, HK N=A?KGCMW QK@KRK?, TKNK=MA IN?A=GH:aN, ZNK Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA
TKU<:CDD, <K RIbARN?I, <=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY C:eUCDTK?, : CK?KA C:eUCDZARN?K CA
<=D?AHeN T I<K=PHKZD?:CDa <=DUACACDP ?KACCKY RD@M. NK@\ <K@P=C:P =A:T[DP R?Pd:C:
?K UCKQKU D R NAU, ZNK H:GA R=AHD gTR<A=NK? CAN ZeNTKQK <KCDU:CDP, ZAU Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA
TKU<:CDD KN@DZ:aNRP KN RK@H:N IH:ZD, NK ARN\ KN C:eUCDTK? ? N=:HD[DKCCKU
<KCDU:CDD gNKQK R@K?:. 7Re gNK P?@PANRP R@AHRN?DAU ?@DPCDP =PH: _:TNK=K?, K TKNK=MW D
DHeN =AZ\ ? C:RNKPbAY Q@:?A.
6@P HKRNDGACDP [A@AY =:^KNM ? <=AHRN:?@ACCKY Q@:?A UM KR?ANDU CATKNK=MA
:R<ATNM, C:<=PUIa R?Pd:CCMA R N:TDU P?@ACDAU, T:T DR<K@\dK?:CDA Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY QKRIH:=RN?:UD C: RK?=AUACCKU gN:<A. cNK^M DdÂG:N\ =:dCKZNACDY <K <K?KHI
<=DUACPAUMW K<=AHA@ACDY, : N:TGA H@P NKQK, ZNK^M <=K?ARND <KR@AHIabDY :C:@Dd

42
U. C:<=.: &:T HA@:aN HAC\QD C: ?KYCA. 7KYC: <A=ARN:@: ^MN\ <=A=KQ:ND?KY QKRIH:=RN?:. Harvard Business
Review. 2012. "<=A@\.
17

<=DZDC DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY QKRIH:=RN?:UD, <=AGHA ?RAQK,
CAK^WKHDUK K<=AHA@DN\RP R NA=UDCK@KQDAY. )KR@A gNKQK ÎHAN T=:NTK KR?AbeC ?K<=KR
KN@DZDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY KN C:eUCDTK?. /Ad KN?AN: C: gNKN ?K<=KR C:U CA
K^KYNDR\, N:T T:T ? H:@\CAYOAU gNK <Kd?K@DN RHA@:N\ ?M?KHM K <=DZDC:W <=D?@AZACDP
QKRIH:=RN?:UD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY H@P IZ:RNDP ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW ^K@AA
K^KRCK?:CCMUD. &=KUA NKQK, ? Q@:?A ÎHAN H:C KN?AN C: ?K<=KR: UKGCK @D IN?A=GH:N\, ZNK
DR<K@\dK?:CDA <KHK^CMW TKUUA=ZARTDW K=Q:CDd:[DY QKRIH:=RN?:UD P?@PANRP _ACKUACKU,
CA Dd?ARNCMU HK RDW <K=. ):=:@@A@\CK R gNDU <KH?AHeU DNKQ KNCKOACDa K^bARN?: T
Z:RNCMU ?KACCMU TKU<:CDPU D C:eUCDT:U. 2RNK=DZARTDA <=DUA=M DR<K@\dK?:CDP
Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY RD@M KÂR<AZDN ^K@AA Q@I^KTKA <KCDU:CDA <=DZDC, <K TKNK=MU
DR<K@\dK?:CDA C:eUCDTK? RC:Z:@: <=:TNDZARTD RKO@K C: CAN D RN:@K CA<=DAU@AUMU H@P
QKRIH:=RN?:, : ? C:OD HCD <A=ARN:eN ^MN\ ZAU-NK Dd =PH: ?KC ?MWKHPbDU. `:NAU
K^=:NDURP T TKCNATRNI, <=D TKNK=KU <=KDdKO@K <KP?@ACDA D =:R<=KRN=:CACDA Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW TKU<:CDY. /IHAN H:C: =:d@DZC:P T@:RRD_DT:[DP D =:RT=MN: R<A[D_DT: gNDW
TKUUA=ZARTDW <=AH<=DPNDY D IR@IQ, DUD KT:dM?:AUMW.
':TDU K^=:dKU, ? gNKY Z:RND C:OAY =:^KNM ÎHAN H:C KN?AN C: Q@:?CMY ?K<=KR: ZNK
<=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD.
1.1 =K[TNMVGVFNa
6@P HKRNDGACDP [A@AY C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM ? <A=?Ia KZA=AH\ C:U R@AHIAN
K<=AHA@DN\RP R NA=UDCK@KQDAY, TKNK=KY UM ÎHAU <K@\dK?:N\RP. )=:?K?MU :R<ATN:U
HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY <KR?PbeC KNHA@\CMY =:dHA@, KHC:TK <=D
K<=AHA@ACDD NA=UDCK@KQDD UM N:TGA K^=:ND@DR\ T a=DHDZARTKY RNK=KCA
=:RRU:N=D?:AUKQK ?K<=KR:, ZNK^M H:N\ ^K@AA TK==ATNCMA _K=UI@D=K?TD.
4HCDW NK@\TK NA=UDCK?, TKNK=MA K^KdC:Z:aN NK, ZNK UM C:dM?:AU Z:RNCMUD
?KACCMUD TKU<:CDPUD UKGCK ?RN=ANDN\ CAU:@K: gNK D RK^RN?ACCK c:RNCMA ?KACCMA
TKU<:CDD, c:RNCMA ?KACCMA D KW=:CCMA TKU<:CDD, c:RNCMA ?KACDdD=K?:CCMA TKU<:CDD,
c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKCN=:TNK=M, c:RNCMA ?KACCMA <=AH<=DPNDP, )=D?:NDdD=K?:CCMA
?KACCMA _D=UM, 7KACCMA TKCN=:TNK=M, 7KACCMA <KH=PHZDTD. 7 KRCK?CKU, gND NA=UDCM
P?@PaNRP T:@\TKY R :CQ@DYRTKQK PdMT: (:CQ@. Private military and security companies,
Private military companies, Private military firms, Privatized military firms, Private military
contractors etc.).
7 @DNA=:NI=A RIbARN?IaN =:dCMA <KHWKHM T K<=AHA@ACDa NKQK, ZNK <=AHRN:?@PaN
RK^KY Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD. &=KUA NKQK, T:GHMY Dd :?NK=K?, d:CDU:abDWRP gNKY
18

NAUKY, R:UKRNKPNA@\CK ?M^D=:AN, T:TKY Dd <A=AZDR@ACCMW ?MOA NA=UDCK? I<KN=A^DN\ ?
R?KAY =:^KNA. $ATKNK=MA Dd CDW UKND?D=IaN R?KY ?M^K=, CATKNK=MA GA <=KRNK <=DUACPaN
T:TKA-@D^K Dd I<KUPCINMW <KCPNDY, CA H:?:P CDT:TDW <KPRCACDY.
7 d:?DRDUKRND KN HKTIUACN: D@D =:^KNM UKGAN DR<K@\dK?:N\RP T:T NA=UDC
Z:RNC:P ?KACC:P TKU<:CDP, N:T D Z:RNC:P ?KACC:P D KW=:CC:P TKU<:CDP. $ATKNK=MA
DRR@AHK?:NA@D RZDN:aN, ZNK CATK==ATNCK RUAOD?:N\ ? KHCKU <KCPNDD Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA D
Z:RNCMA KW=:CCMA TKU<:CDD, IN?A=GH:P, ZNK gNK <=DC[D<D:@\CK =:dCMA K=Q:CDd:[DD.
4HC:TK ? NK GA ?=AUP ^K@\ODCRN?K :?NK=K? RWKHPNRP ?K UCACDD, ZNK d:Z:RNIa Q=:C\
UAGHI ?KACCKY D KW=:CCKY HAPNA@\CKRN\a P?@PANRP C:RNK@\TK NKCTKY, ZNK <=K?KHDN\
N:TKA =:dHA@ACDA UKGCK NK@\TK ? NAK=DD.
1ACA=:@-@AYNAC:CN $.0?:=K? ?MHA@PANRP R=AHD =KRRDYRTDW :?NK=K?, d:CDU:abDWRP
gNKY NAUKY, N:T T:T <K@\dIANRP NA=UDCKU ?KACCMA <KH=PHZDTD, UKND?D=IP gNK NAU, ZNK ?
:UA=DT:CRTKY @DNA=:NI=A ITK=ACD@KR\ <KCPNDA ?KACCMA TKCN=:TNK=M, : <=D?KHDUMY DU
NA=UDC UKGCK RZDN:N\ AQK =IRRTDU gT?D?:@ACNKU, WKNP D R KQK?K=T:UD
43
. gNDU
IN?A=GHACDAU UKGCK <KR<K=DN\, N:T T:T ? :CQ@KPdMZCKY (? NKU ZDR@A :UA=DT:CRTKY)
@DNA=:NI=A DR<K@\dIaNRP RK?A=OACCK =:dCMA NA=UDCM. ':T, RZDN:abDYRP KHCDU Dd
C:D^K@AA :?NK=DNANCMW :?NK=K?, d:CDU:abDWRP DdIZACDAU Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY D
_ACKUACKU <=D?:NDd:[DD ?KYCM, :UA=DT:CA[ )DNA= 0K==AC DCQA=, ? R?KAY TCDQA
DR<K@\dIAN NA=UDC <=D?:NDdD=K?:CCMA ?KACCMA _D=UM (:CQ@. Privatized Military
Firms).
4@AQ 7:@A[TDY CA <=D?KHDN ? R?KDW =:^KN:W K<=AHA@ACDY H@P NA=UDC: Z:RNCMA
?KACCMA TKU<:CDD, KHC:TK D KC <K@\dIANRP DUACCK gNDU <KCPNDAU
44
.
7 KHCKU Dd <KR@AHCDW DdH:CDY, <KR?PbeCCMW ?KACCK-<K@DNDZARTKY <=K^@AU:NDTA
R@K?:=A 7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW <KH =AH:T[DAY 6.4. -KQKdDC: -
DCNA=ARIabAA C:R K<=AHA@ACDA H:eNRP DUACCK H@P NA=UDC: Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD.
)K@TK?CDT 4. E:=N\PCK?, <I^@DTIabDYRP ? `:=IÂGCKU ?KACCKU K^Kd=ACDD,
N:TGA KNH:eN <=AH<KZNACDA <KCPNDa Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
45
.

43
0?:=K? $.E. c:RNCMY ^DdCAR C: R@IGÂ ?KACCMW ?AHKURN?. )K K<MNI KRCK?CMW d:=IÂGCMW RN=:C. E.:
+HDNK=D:@ 0-, 2009. . 9.
44
U. 7:@A[TDY 4.7. $K?:P RN=:NAQDP l" D $"'4 ? ?KYC:W ? ]QKR@:?DD, 2=:TA, "_Q:CDRN:CA D Ae
?@DPCDA C: =:d?DNDA d:=IÂGCMW RDRNAU ?KK=IGACDP D ^KA<=D<:RK?. E.: "=TNDT: 46, 2008.
45
E:=N\PCK? 4. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD l": <=AHC:dC:ZACDA D =K@\ ? ?KACCMW TKC_@DTN:W //
`:=IÂGCKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. n 5. 2011. E:Y.
19

"@ATR:CH= p=:UZDWDC ? R?KDW <I^@DT:[DPW ? $Ad:?DRDUKU ?KACCKU K^Kd=ACDD
N:TGA d:N=:QD?:AN DCNA=ARIabIa C:R NAUI. )=D gNKU KC N:TGA RT@KCAC DR<K@\dK?:N\
NA=UDC Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
46
. )I^@DTIabDARP ? NKU GA $Ad:?DRDUKU ?KACCKU
K^Kd=ACDD 7DTNK= EPRCDTK? D 7DTNK= lDOTK? HK<K@CPaN K^bIa NACHAC[Da
<=DUACACDP ? R?KDW RN:N\PW NA=UDC: Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
47
.
1ACA=:@-U:YK= A=QAY &:CZITK? ? R?KAY RN:N\A H@P 7KACCK-<=KUMO@ACCKQK
TI=\A=: <K NAUA Z:RNCKQK ?KACCKQK ^DdCAR: N:TGA KRN:C:?@D?:ANRP C: DR<K@\dK?:CDD
NA=UDC: Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
48
.
)=K_ARRK= 7.7. 1:?=D@K? <=AH@:Q:AN <K@\dK?:N\RP NA=UDCKU Z:RNCMA
?KACDdD=K?:CCMA TKU<:CDD, <KH=:dIUA?:P, ZNK ? CAQK ?T@aZ:aNRP Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA,
KW=:CCMA D <K@D[AYRTDA TKU<:CDD, T:GHKY Dd TKNK=MW KC H:eN K<=AHA@ACDA
49
.
7 ^K@\ODCRN?A KNAZARN?ACCMW D d:=IÂGCMW =:^KN, C:<DR:CCMW C: gNI NAUI
a=DRN:UD D <KR?PbeCCMW a=DHDZARTDU ?K<=KR:U HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY, <=AH<KZDN:aN DR<K@\dK?:N\ NA=UDC Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA D KW=:CCMA TKU<:CDD.
4HC:TK CA ?RA <=:?K?AHM, d:CDU:abDARP H:CCMU ?K<=KRKU, RT@KCCM DR<K@\dK?:N\
H:CCMY NA=UDC. )=K_ARRK= /.$. &:OCDTK? ? R?KAY =:^KNA c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD D
NAK=DP R<=:?AH@D?MW ?KYC KNH:eN <=AH<KZNACDA NA=UDCI Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
50
.
':TDU K^=:dKU, Q@:?CKY ?MP?@ACCKY d:TKCKUA=CKRN\a <=D DR<K@\dK?:CDD
NA=UDCK@KQDD, UKGCK RZDN:N\ NK, ZNK ? =:^KN:W, <KR?PbeCCMW <=:?K?MU ?K<=KR:U
=:RRU:N=D?:AUKY NAUM, I<KN=A^@PANRP ? KRCK?CKU NA=UDC Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA D KW=:CCMA
TKU<:CDD, : d:N=:QD?:abDW <K@DNDZARTDA, DRNK=DZARTDA D@D gTKCKUDZARTDA ?K<=KRM
=:^KN:W, :?NK=M <KH^D=:aN =:dCKK^=:dCMA NA=UDCM. 'A=UDC Z:RNC:P ?KACC:P TKU<:CDP
? gNKU RUMR@A UKGCK RZDN:N\ CAYN=:@\CMU. &=KUA NKQK, T:T <KT:dM?:AN :C:@Dd
KNAZARN?ACCMW <I^@DT:[DY, <KR?PbeCCMW DCNA=ARIabAY C:R <=K^@AUA, R=AHD =KRRDYRTDW
DRR@AHK?:NA@AY, CA d:CDU:abDWRP DRT@aZDNA@\CK <=:?K?MUD ?K<=KR:UD HAPNA@\CKRND D
RN:NIR: Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, ?Re-N:TD ? ^K@\OAY RNA<ACD d:T=A<D@RP DUACCK

46
47
U. EPRCDTK? 7. &K=<K=:ND?CMA RK@H:NM H@P QK=PZDW NKZAT // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. 2008. 24
KTNP^=P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/forces/2008-10-24/7_corporative.html> D lDOTK? 7. -KRRDD NKGA CIGCM
TK=<K=:ND?CMA RK@H:NM // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. 2009. 6 _A?=:@P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/realty/2009-02-
06/3_korporativ.html>
48
&:CZITK? . lD=KTKA <K@A HAPNA@\CKRND H@P c7& // 7KACCK-<=KUMO@ACCMY TI=\A=. 2012. 22 :?QIRN:.
<http://vpk-news.ru/articles/9179>
49
1:?=D@K? 7.7. & ?K<=KRI K <=:?K?KU RN:NIRA RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW ?KACDdD=K?:CCMW TKU<:CDY ?
RK?=AUACCKU UAGHIC:=KHCKU QIU:CDN:=CKU <=:?A // +?=:dDYRTDY a=DHDZARTDY GI=C:@. 2008. n 3. . 54-59.
50
&:OCDTK? /.$. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD D NAK=DP R<=:?AH@D?MW ?KYC // -KRRDYRTDY C:IZCMY GI=C:@.
2011. n20. . 83-94
20

NA=UDC Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD (H:@AA c7&). +QK UM D ÎHAU I<KN=A^@PN\ ? C:OAY
=:^KNA.
$ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK ? <=AHRN:?@ACCKY =:^KNA DR<K@\dIANRP DUACCK NA=UDC c7&,
CAK^WKHDUK KNUANDN\, ZNK CATKNK=MA KNAZARN?ACCMA a=DRNM, d:CDU:abDARP gNDU
?K<=KRKU, T=KUA ?RAQK <=KZAQK, <DOIN K NKU, ZNK I<KN=A^@PN\ <KCPNDA TKU<:CDP CA
RK?RAU TK==ATNCK
51
. )K DW UCACDa, ^K@AA ?A=CK <=DUACPN\ NA=UDC <=AH<=DPNDP. ':T
T:T C:O: =:^KN: ?Re-N:TD CA CKRDN a=DHDZARTDY W:=:TNA=, UM, T:T IGA ^M@K K^KdC:ZACK
?MOA, ÎHAU <K@\dK?:N\RP NA=UDCKU c7&.
cNK T:R:ANRP K<=AHA@ACDY R:UKQK NA=UDC: c7& (? NKU D@D DCKU ?DHA), NK T:TKQK-
NK AHDCKQK K<=AHA@ACDP N:TGA CA RIbARN?IAN. 6:GA ? UAGHIC:=KHCMW K_D[D:@\CMW
HKTIUACN:W D@D DW <=KATN:W, TKNK=MA, N:T D@D DC:ZA, C:<=:?@ACM C: K<=AHA@ACDA RN:NIR:
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY, K<=AHA@ACDP gNKQK NA=UDC: =:dCPNRP. &:T <KHZe=TD?:AN ".$.
EDW:Y@ACTK, UCKQDA Dd <=AH@:Q:AUMW C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ NA=UDCK? P?@PaNRP @D^K
Dd@DOCA OD=KTDUD, @D^K HAN:@DdD=K?:CCMUD, CK CA KW?:NM?:abDUD ?Ra R<A[D_DTI
HAPNA@\CKRND DCNA=ARIabDW C:R <=AH<=DPNDY
52
. cNK^M CA d:Q=KUKGH:N\ =:^KNI ?RAUD
RIbARN?IabDUD C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ K<=AHA@ACDPUD, UM <=D?AHeU @DO\ CARTK@\TK,
ZNK^M KNUANDN\ KRCK?CMA NACHAC[DD D KRKÂCCKRND, TKNK=MA ?MHA@PaN DRR@AHK?:NA@D.
7 IGA I<KUPCINKU C:UD R@K?:=A 7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW <KH
=AH:T[DAY 6.4. -KQKdDC: H:CK R@AHIabAA K<=AHA@ACDA c7&:
8:3163<3-(66=( 6&6+<&>?+< *3.82&$."53< 6(*3.82&$."5(66=(
:$(2:$+7"+7, .:(@+&1+A+$8>?+(.7 6& 5=:316(6++ $72& A&2&- 533$8BC66=E
.+1, 5 "3< -+.1( 5 130&1G6=E 036H1+0"&E
53
.
7 6KTIUACNA EKCN=e, TKNK=MY C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ P?@PANRP AHDCRN?ACCKY
RA=\edCKY (CK P?CK CAHKRN:NKZCKY) <K<MNTKY K<=AHA@DN\ RN:NIR <KHK^CMW TKUUA=ZARTDW
RN=ITNI=, Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA D KW=:CCMA TKU<:CDD K<=AHA@PaNRP T:T
-&."6=( :$(2:$+6+<&"(1G.0+( .8IJ(0"=, 03"3$=( 30&A=5&>" 53(66=(
+/+1+ 3E$&66=( 8.18*+, 6(A&5+.+<3 3" "3*3, 0&0 36+ .(I7 E&$&0"($+A8>".

51
)KH=K^CAA RU.: 7K@A?KHd ".1. )=K^@AUM, <=DC[D<M D <A=R<ATND?M =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW
?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW <=AH<=DPNDY // 7ARNCDT E12E4 0CD?A=RDNAN:. 2010. n 3. . 78-88.; 7K@A?KHd ".1. 4
<=KATN:W <=:?K?KQK =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // EAGHIC:=KHCKA
IQK@K?CKA <=:?K D UAGHIC:=KHC:P aRND[DP. 2010. n 2. . 6-13.
52
".$. EDW:Y@ACTK -AQI@D=K?:CDA HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? dKC:W
?KK=IGACCMW TKC_@DTNK? // E.: 2dH-?K -"1, 2010. . 16-23.
53
7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW. 7KACCK-<K@DNDZARTDY R@K?:=\ // )KH. K^b. =AH. -KQKdDC: 6.4. /
E. : 7AZA, 2011
21

K3(66=( + 3E$&66=( 8.18*+ 501>-&>", 5 -&."63."+, 533$8B(668> 3E$&68 +
A&?+"8 1>2(M + 3IJ(0"35, 6&:$+<($ "$&6.:3$"6=E 031366, A2&6+M + 2$8*+E
<(."; "(E3I.18B+5&6+( + N0.:18&"&@+> I3(5=E 03<:1(0.35; .32($B&6+(
:32 ."$&B(M A&01>-(66=E; + 036.81G"+$35&6+( +1+ :32*3"3508 <(."6=E
53(663.18B&?+E + 3E$&66+035
54
.
2RT@aZDNA@\CK H@P [A@AY C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM UM ÎHAU <K@\dK?:N\RP RK^RN?ACCMU
=:^KZDU K<=AHA@ACDAU. `: KRCK?I Â=INRP ?MOAIT:d:CCMA K<=AHA@ACDP. )KH c7& UM
ÎHAU <KCDU:N\ 6(*3.82&$."5(66=( 03<<($-(.0+( ."$80"8$=, 30&A=5&>?+( A&0&A-+08
(5 6&O(< .18-&( *3.82&$."58) 53(66=(, 3E$&66=(, 036.&1"+6*35=(, 13*+."+-(.0+( +1+
+6=( 8.18*+, .57A&66=( . :$35(2(6+(< 53(66=E 3:($&@+M A& $8I(B3<.
)KRTK@\TI c7& ?Re-N:TD ?WKHPN ? R_A=I, KNCKRPbIaRP T ^DdCARI, NK ? =:^KNA
<=DRINRN?IAN HKRN:NKZCKA TK@DZARN?K NA=UDCK?, KNCKRPbDWRP T _DC:CRK?K-
gTKCKUDZARTKY K^@:RND: :INRK=RDCQ, <=D?:NDd:[DP, TKCN=:TNK=, <KH=PHZDT, <=D?PdT: T
<KRN:?bDTI (:CQ@. vendor lock-in) D H=. $ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK gND NA=UDCM ? ^K@\OAY
RNA<ACD <=DUACPaNRP gTKCKUDRN:UD D _DC:CRDRN:UD, RAQKHCP R CDUD dC:TKU OD=KTDY
T=IQ @aHAY, <KgNKUI UM RZDN:AU CA[A@ARKK^=:dCMU <=D?KHDN\ ? C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA
K<=AHA@ACDP <A=AZDR@ACCMW <KCPNDY.
2N:T, c KRCK?CMUD NA=UDC:UD, TKNK=MA ÎHIN RK<=K?KGH:N\ C:R C: <=KNPGACDD
?RAY =:^KNM, UM KdC:TKUD@DR\. 'A<A=\, <=AGHA ZAU <A=AYND T ?MP?@ACDa KN@DZDNA@\CMW
ZA=N c7& <K R=:?CACDa R C:eUCDT:UD D ?MPRCACDa ?K<=KR:, C:RTK@\TK ICDT:@\CMU ?
DRNK=DZARTKU U:RON:Â P?@PANRP HA@AQD=K?:CDA QKRIH:=RN?KU Z:RND R?KAY UKCK<K@DD C:
<=DUACACDA ?KACCKY RD@M, R@AHIAN =:dK^=:N\RP R <=:?K?MUD :R<ATN:UD =:RRU:N=D?:AUKY
<=K^@AUM.
1.2 [HJVJVb ]UHUc] ?1B N Ne OKaUKGQMV]UN
$ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK <=AHRN:?@ACC:P =:^KN: CA CKRDN W:=:TNA=: a=DHDZARTKQK
DRR@AHK?:CDP, H@P NKQK ZNK^M DNKQK?MA ?M?KHM ^M@D K^KRCK?:CCMUD, UM RZDN:AU
CAK^WKHDUMU <=K?ARND T=:NTDY K^dK= <=:?K?KQK RN:NIR: c7&, DW RKN=IHCDTK? D
HAPNA@\CKRND, ? TKNK=Ia KCD ?K?@AZACM.

54
6KTIUACN EKCN=e K RKKN?ANRN?IabDW UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?MW K^Pd:NA@\RN?:W D <A=AHK?MW <=:TNDZARTDW
UANKH:W QKRIH:=RN?, T:R:abDWRP _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? <A=DKH
?KK=IGACCKQK TKC_@DTN: <http://daccess-dds-
22

$: C:RNKPbDY UKUACN I=K?CD =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND D RN:NIR: c7& UKGCK
=:dHA@DN\ C:: Q@K^:@\CMY UAGHIC:=KHCMY; =AQDKC:@\CMY; C:[DKC:@\CMY; ?CIN=ACCDY
I=K?AC\ R:UDW TKU<:CDY.
7 KN@DZDA KN d:TKCKH:NA@\RN?:, <KR?PbeCCKQK ?K<=KR:U C:eUCDZARN?:, K TKNK=KU
DHeN =AZ\ CDGA, C: UAGHIC:=KHCKU I=K?CA ? ?K<=KR:W HAPNA@\CKRND c7& C: RAQKHCPOCDY
HAC\, T:T IGA QK?K=D@KR\ ?MOA, <K-<=AGCAUI CA RIbARN?IAN ZeNTDW CK=U, TKNK=MA ^M
K^PdM?:@D QKRIH:=RN?: NAU D@D DCMU K^=:dKU =AQI@D=K?:N\ HAPNA@\CKRN\ gNDW RN=ITNI=.
$: <@Kb:HT:W 44$ DHeN :TND?CKA K^RIGHACDA D DdIZACDA <=K^@AU, ?KdCDT:abDW ? R?PdD
R _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDAU c7&, KHC:TK RIbARN?ACCMW d:TKCKH:NA@\CMW =AdI@\N:NK? gNK HK
RDW <K= CA H:@K.
$:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCMU UAGHIC:=KHCMU HKTIUACNKU, TKNK=MY, KHC:TK, CA CKRDN
K^Pd:NA@\CMY W:=:TNA=
55
, P?@PANRP N:T C:dM?:AUMY 6KTIUACN EKCN=e. 4C P?D@RP
R@AHRN?DAU DCD[D:ND?M, RK?UARNCK ?MH?DCINKY <=:?DNA@\RN?KU l?AY[:=DD D
EAGHIC:=KHCMU TKUDNANKU &=:RCKQK &=ARN:.
56
2CNA=ARCK, ZNK HKTIUACN CA NK@\TK CA
P?@PANRP a=DHDZARTD K^Pd:NA@\CMU, CK D ? <=DC[D<A CA RKdH:eN T:TDW-@D^K CK?MW
UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?MW CK=U, N:T T:T DUAAN R?KAY [A@\a C:<KUCDN\ K CATKNK=MW
RIbARN?IabDW UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?MW K^Pd:NA@\RN?:W QKRIH:=RN?, : <K@KGACDP
HKTIUACN: d:DURN?K?:CM Dd =:d@DZCMW UAGHIC:=KHCMW RKQ@:OACDY, <> , : N:TGA Dd
K^MZCKQK UAGHIC:=KHCKQK <=:?:
57
. ':TDU K^=:dKU, 6KTIUACN NK@\TK <KHCDU:AN D
:TNI:@DdD=IAN <=K^@AUI, CA <MN:PR\ Ae =AODN\. 7:GCK KNUANDN\ NKN _:TN, ZNK
CA<KR=AHRN?ACCKA IZ:RNDA ? AQK =:d=:^KNTA <=DCDU:@D gTR<A=NM Dd 17 RN=:C. )=KRNAYODY
:C:@Dd R<DRT: gNDW QKRIH:=RN? <Kd?K@PAN <KCPN\, ZNK Q@:?CMUD DCNA=AR:CN:UD <KP?@ACDP
HKTIUACN: P?@P@DR\ RN=:CM, ? TKNK=MW HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7& C:D^K@AA =:d?DN: D P?@PANRP
RA=\edCMU ^DdCARKU (l", 7A@DTK^=DN:CDP), : N:TGA QKRIH:=RN?:, C: NA==DNK=DD
TKNK=MW gND TKU<:CDD RK^RN?ACCMA D@D DCKRN=:CCMA - :TND?CK HAYRN?IaN c7&
("_Q:CDRN:C, 2=:T, \A==:-VAKCA). $ARUKN=P C: gNKN _:TN, : N:TGA C: NK, ZNK HKTIUACN
<KH<DR:@D @DO\ NA GA =:d=:^:NM?:?ODA AQK QKRIH:=RN?:, UKGCK RZDN:N\ RKdH:CDA gNKQK
HKTIUACN: ?:GCMU O:QKU C: <IND T d:TKCKH:NA@\CKUI K<=AHA@ACDa D d:T=A<@ACDa
RN:NIR: c7&.
$: =AQDKC:@\CKU I=K?CA <=:?K?MUD ?K<=KR:UD _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDP c7&
d:CDU:ANRP K?AN +?=K<M. ):=@:UACNRT:P :RR:U^@AP ? 2009 QKHI ?MRT:d:@: K<:RACDP <K

55
7K@A?KHd ".1. )=K^@AUM, <=DC[D<M D <A=R<ATND?M =AQI@D=K?:CDP . 83.
56
6KTIUACN EKCN=e... . 7
57
':U GA. . 9
23

<K?KHI =:dUM?:CDP UKCK<K@DD QKRIH:=RN?: C: <=DUACACDA RD@M. 4HC:TK D
):=@:UACNRT:P :RR:U^@AP H:@\OA =ATKUACH:[DY K^bAQK W:=:TNA=: <KT: CA <KO@:. 6:CCMA
=ATKUACH:[DD ^K@\OA C:[A@ACM C: NK, ZNK^M IT=A<DN\ RKN=IHCDZARN?K RN=:C +?=K<M <K
gNKUI ?K<=KRI
58
.
&=KUA NKQK, R:UD c7& DUAaN ?CIN=ACCDA HKTIUACNM, =AQI@D=IabDA DW
HAPNA@\CKRN\. 4CD KRCK?M?:aNRP C: EAGHIC:=KHCKU TKHATRA <K?AHACDP Z:RNCMW
KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY, =:d=:^KN:CCKU ? 2010 QKHI
59
. iNKN HKTIUACN CA P?@PANRP
ICDT:@\CMU, N:T T:T, <K RIbARN?I, @DO\ <K?NK=PAN =ATKUACH:[DD, Dd@KGACCMA ?
HKTIUACNA EKCN=e. 4HC:TK dC:ZACDA gNKQK HKTIUACN: CA RNKDN <=AIUAC\O:N\ KC ?:GAC
H@P RKdH:CDP <A=?DZCKY <=:?K?KY ^:dM D HK^=K?K@\CKQK =:d?DNDP TI@\NI=M I R:UDW c7&,
ZNK ? <A=R<ATND?A <Kd?K@DN ?M=:^KN:N\ ^K@AA g__ATND?CMA R<KRK^M =AQI@D=K?:CDP DW
HAPNA@\CKRND.
]=DRNM HA@PN QKRIH:=RN?: C: 3 ND<: <K KNCKOACDa DW T =AQI@D=K?:CDa
HAPNA@\CKRND c7&: 1. P3.82&$."5&, 8."&635+5O+( +.01>-+"(1G68> <363:31+> 6&
:$+<(6(6+( .+1= (6&:$+<($, R(1G*+7); 2. P3.82&$."5&, 23:8.0&>?+( 3"2(1G6=( +AJ7"+7
+A +.01>-+"(1G63M <363:31++ 6& :$+<(6(6+( .+1= (6&:$+<($, S3..+7); 3. P3.82&$."5&
".6. 3*$&6+-(663M <363:31++ 6& :$+<(6(6+( .+1= (6&:$+<($, UV)
60
. 0ZDNM?:P
R<A[D_DTI =:RRU:N=D?:AUKQK ?K<=KR:, C:R ÎHAN DCNA=ARK?:N\ l", T:T RN=:C: N=AN\AY
T:NAQK=DD, C:D^K@AA :TND?CK <=DÂQ:ab:P T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7&.
KN=IHCDTKU c7& UKGAN P?@PN\RP T:T Q=:GH:CDC QKRIH:=RN?:, ? TKNK=KU
d:=AQDRN=D=K?:C: H:CC:P K=Q:CDd:[DP, N:T D Q=:GH:CDC QKRIH:=RN?:, C: NA==DNK=DD
TKNK=KQK KRIbARN?@PANRP HAPNA@\CKRN\ TKCT=ANCKY c7&, AR@D gNKN Q=:GH:CDC d:T@aZD@ R
TKU<:CDAY RKKN?ANRN?IabDY HKQK?K=. &=KUA NKQK, T RKN=IHCDT:U c7& KNCKRPNRP
Q=:GH:CA DCMW RN=:C, N:TGA d:T@aZD?ODA HKQK?K= R TKU<:CDAY-C:CDU:NA@AU. )KH
NA=UDCKU RKN=IHCDT c7& ? C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA ÎHAN <KCDU:N\RP Q=:GH:CDC @a^KY
RN=:CM, d:T@aZD?ODY HKQK?K= R c7&, HAYRN?IabAY C: KRCK?:CDD TKCN=:TN: R
DCNA=ARIabDU C:R QKRIH:=RN?KU.

58
Private military and security firms and the erosion of the state monopoly on the use of force: Recommendation
1858 (2009) // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN ):=@:UACNRTKY :RR:U^@AD K?AN: +?=K<M.
<http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/Doc/XrefViewPDF.asp?FileID=17711&Language=EN>
59
EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP Z:RNCMW KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN &KHATR:
<http://www.icoc-psp.org/uploads/International_Code_of_Conduct_for_Private_Security_Providers_-_Russian.pdf
>
60
7K@A?KHd ".1. )=K^@AUM, <=DC[D<M D <A=R<ATND?M =AQI@D=K?:CDP . 81.
24

N:NIR RKN=IHCDTK? c7& K<=AHA@DN\ HK?K@\CK N=IHCK. )K gNKUI <K?KHI ?AHINRP
RA=\edCMA HDRTIRRDD ? R=AHA <=:?K?AHK?. $A ?MdM?:AN CDT:TDW ?K<=KRK? IN?A=GHACDA,
ZNK DW CA@\dP KNCARND T Q=:GH:CRTDU. 4HC:TK <=D <K<MNTA K<=AHA@DN\ DW RN:NIR T:T
TKU^:N:CNK? D@D CATKU^:N:CNK?, ?KdCDT:aN ?K<=KRM, <KNKUI ZNK ? T:GHKU TKCT=ANCKU
R@IZ:A <=DWKHDNRP <=K?KHDN\, <K RIbARN?I, KNHA@\CMY :C:@Dd. KN=IHCDTK? CATKNK=MW
TKU<:CDY :^RK@aNCK NKZCK CA@\dP KNCARND T TKU^:N:CN:U. )=AHRN:?DNA@AY CATKNK=MW
H=IQDW TKU<:CDY d:Z:RNIa UKGCK KNCARND T gNKY T:NAQK=DD, CK N:TGA R CATKNK=MUD
KQK?K=T:UD. 7Re d:?DRDN KN HAN:@AY, KN NKY HAPNA@\CKRND, TKNK=Ia KCD ?M<K@CPaN ?
T:GHKU TKCT=ANCKU R@IZ:A. ':TDU K^=:dKU, K<=AHA@DN\ DW T:T TKU^:N:CNK? ?
T@:RRDZARTKU RUMR@A gNKQK R@K?: N:TGA CA <K@IZ:ANRP.
2N:T, CD C: UAGHIC:=KHCKU, CD C: =AQDKC:@\CKU I=K?CA C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ CA
RKdH:CK HAYRN?ACCMW <=:?K?MW UAW:CDdUK? H@P K<=AHA@ACDP RN:NIR: c7& D DW
RKN=IHCDTK?. $: C:[DKC:@\CKU I=K?CA ? CATKNK=MW RN=:C:W (C:<=DUA=, l") T:=NDC:
CARTK@\TK DC:P ? CDW RIbARN?IAN HAYRN?IabAA d:TKCKH:NA@\RN?K, =AQ@:UACND=IabAA
HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7&, :, R@AHK?:NA@\CK, D DW RN:NIR. 7 CATKNK=MW RN=:C:W HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7&
d:<=AbAC: <K@CKRN\a. " ? CATKNK=MW RN=:C:W, T:T, C:<=DUA=, ? -KRRDD c7& C:WKHPNRP ?
IR@K?DPW <=:?K?KQK ?:TIIU: ? CATKY RA=KY dKCA, TKQH: KCD D CA d:<=AbACM C:<=PUIa,
CK HAPNA@\CKRN\ TKCT=ANCK c7& CDT:T CA =AQ@:UACND=K?:C:, <=D gNKU c7& ? -KRRDD
_:TNDZARTD RIbARN?IaN. 4NRINRN?DA HAYRN?ACCMW UAW:CDdUK? C: ?RAW I=K?CPW <K=KGH:AN
KNRINRN?DA K<=AHA@eCCKRND RN:NIR: RKN=IHCDTK? c7& T:T TKU^:N:CNK? D@D
CATKU^:N:CNK?. iNK ? R?Ka KZA=AH\ <K=KGH:AN =PH <=K^@AU.
1.3 ?1B N MHgTMNZN. -eVO]UJH N VUGNSNa
7MOA UM IGA I<KUDC:@D K N=A?KQA, KW?:ND?OAY CATKNK=MW R<A[D:@DRNK? ? R?PdD R
NKQH: Abe NK@\TK C:^D=:?ODU K^K=KNM DR<K@\dK?:CDAU c7&. 6:@ATK CA T:GHKUI <KCPNCK
KN@DZDA RKN=IHCDTK? c7& KN C:eUCDTK?. iNK ?MdM?:AN ? K^bARN?A H?KPTIa =A:T[Da: R
KHCKY RNK=KCM, <KQDÔDY C: ?KYCA RKN=IHCDT c7& gNK CA NK GA, ZNK KNH:?ODY R?Ka
GDdC\ d: RN=:CI RK@H:N C:[DKC:@\CKY :=UDD, R H=IQKY - C:eUCDZARN?K ? <=AHRN:?@ACDD
UCKQDW P?@PANRP RIQI^K CAQ:ND?CMU P?@ACDAU. )=:?K?KY ?:TIIU, K TKNK=KU UM QK?K=D@D,
?MdM?:AN K<=AHA@eCCIa =A:T[Da <K@DNDTK?, ?KACCMW HAPNA@AY D K^bARN?ACCKQK UCACDP.
/AR<KTKYRN?K, KW?:NM?:abAA H:GA DRR@AHK?:NA@AY, UKGCK KôPRCDN\
IÂGHeCCKRN\a ? NKU, ZNK Q=:C\ UAGHI C:eUCDT:UD D c7& R@DOTKU NKCT:. KRCK?CMUD
<=DdC:T:UD C:eUCDZARN?:, <A=AZDR@ACCMUD ? K_D[D:@\CMW UAGHIC:=KHCMW HKTIUACN:W,
<KR?PbeCCMW ?K<=KR:U <=KND?KHAYRN?DP P?@ACDa C:eUCDZARN?:, UM <KdC:TKUDURP CDGA.
25

$: gNKU gN:<A C:U HKRN:NKZCK ?KR<K@\dK?:N\RP K<=AHA@ACDAU, TKNK=KA <=AH@:Q:AN
:?NK=RTDY TK@@ATND? IGA I<KUDC:?OAQKRP ?KACCK-<K@DNDZARTKQK R@K?:=P <KH =AH:T[DAY
6.4. -KQKdDC::
X&C<6+0+ 1+@&, 8-&."58>?+( 5 53(663< 036H1+0"( +1+ 53(66=E 2(M."5+7E .
@(1G> :318-(6+7 <&"($+&1G63*3 53A6&*$&B2(6+7 + 5 I31GO+6."5( .18-&(5 6(
7517>?+(.7 *$&B2&6&<+ *3.82&$."5&, 8-&."58>?(*3 5 036H1+0"( +1+ 5(28?(*3
I3(5=( 2(M."5+7, 6( :$3B+5&>?+( :3."37663 6& (*3 "($$+"3$++, 6( 7517>?+(.7
1+@&<+, 6&:$&51(66=<+ 217 5=:316(6+7 3H+@+&1G6=E 3I7A&663."(M
61
.
+R@D R=:?CD?:N\ gNK K<=AHA@ACDA R NAU, ZNK UM ?DHA@D ? R@IZ:A R RKN=IHCDT:UD
c7&, NK <=DC[D<D:@\CMA KN@DZDP C:YND HK?K@\CK N=IHCK, CA ?CDT:P ? a=DHDZARTDA
NKCTKRND. iNK D ?MdM?:AN ÂR<KTKYRN?K @aHAY, ?CDU:NA@\CK R@AHPbDW d: gNKY <=K^@AUKY,
CK CA P?@PabDWRP R<A[D:@DRN:UD ? K^@:RND a=DR<=IHAC[DD. 7 R=AHA GA <KR@AHCDW CAN
KHCKdC:ZCKY IÂGHeCCKRND ? NKU, ZNK UAGHI C:eUCDT:UD D c7& UKGCK <KRN:?DN\ dC:T
=:?ACRN?: K<PN\ GA <K?NK=aR\ R a=DHDZARTKY NKZTD d=ACDP. 7 gNKU, C:<=DUA=,
IÂGHeC ".$. EDW:Y@ACTK, TKNK=MY <=D?KHDN :=QIUACNM ? <K@\dI NKQK, ZNK a=DHDZARTD
C:eUCDTD H:@ATK CA KHCK D NK GA, ZNK c7&. 6@P gNKQK KC R=:?CD?:AN KN@DZDNA@\CMA
<=DdC:TD, TKNK=MUD K^@:H:aN C:eUCDTD RKQ@:RCK 6K<K@CDNA@\CKUI <=KNKTK@I T
rACA?RTDU TKC?AC[DPU 1949 QKH:
62
D EAGHIC:=KHCKY TKC?AC[DD K ^K=\Â R ?A=^K?TKY,
DR<K@\dK?:CDAU, _DC:CRD=K?:CDAU D KÎZACDAU C:AUCDTK? 1989 QKH:
63
R NAUD
K<=AHA@ACDPUD, TKNK=MA RIbARN?IaN <K KNCKOACDa T c7&.
&KCAZCK, N:TKY <KHWKH HAYRN?DNA@\CK <Kd?K@PAN RHA@:N\ ?M?KH, ZNK c7& D
C:eUCDTD <=DC[D<D:@\CK =:dCMA <KCPNDP. 7AH\ C:eUCDT gNK @a^KA @D[K, : c7&
<=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY [A@MA <=AH<=DPNDP; C:eUCDTK? R<A[D:@\CK ?A=ÎaN H@P IZ:RNDP ?
TKC_@DTNA, : RKN=IHCDTD c7& CDTAU CA ?A=ÎaNRP KCD ?M<K@CPaN d:H:ZD, TKNK=MA DU
RN:?PN =ITK?KHDNA@D TKU<:CDY, C: TKNK=MA KCD =:^KN:aN D N.H.
64
. +RN\ D H=IQDA
:=QIUACNM C:<=DUA=, NK, ZNK c7& :TND?CK DR<K@\dIaNRP UAGHIC:=KHCMUD
K=Q:CDd:[DPUD, ? NKU ZDR@A 44$. 4HC:TK AR@D <KHWKHDN\ T gNKUI ?K<=KRI CA RIQI^K
a=DHDZARTD, NK gND KN@DZDP CA N:TDA IG D P?CMA, D Q=:C\ UAGHI c7& D C:eUCDT:UD ?Re-
N:TD P?@PANRP HK?K@\CK =:dUMNKY, KRKÂCCK AR@D, T:T UM IGA I<KUDC:@D, =AZ\ DHeN K N:T
C:dM?:AUMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDPW-<KRN:?bDT:W (<=K?:YHA=:W) (<KH=K^CAA RU. <ICTN 1.6).

61
7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW C.518
62
U. 6K<K@CDNA@\CMY <=KNKTK@ T rACA?RTDU TKC?AC[DPU KN 12 :?QIRN: 1949 QKH:, T:R:abDYRP d:bDNM
GA=N? UAGHIC:=KHCMW ?KK=IGeCCMW TKC_@DTNK?. <http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/2013/ap_i_rus.pdf>
63
U. EAGHIC:=KHC:P TKC?AC[DP K ^K=\Â R ?A=^K?TKY, DR<K@\dK?:CDAU, _DC:CRD=K?:CDAU D KÎZACDAU
C:AUCDTK? KN 4 HAT:^=P 1989 QKH:. <http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/mercen.shtml>
64
EDW:Y@ACTK ".$. 0T:d. RKZ. . 21-23
26

':TDU K^=:dKU, <A=AYHeU T R@AHIabAUI ?K<=KRI: ?RAQH: @D UKCK<K@DP QKRIH:=RN?:
C: ?KACCIa RD@I RIbARN?K?:@: ? NKU ?DHA, T TKNK=KUI UM <=D?MT@D, ÎHIZD I?A=ACCMUD
? NKU, ZNK NK@\TK N:TKQK =KH: UKCK<K@DP UKGAN Q:=:CND=K?:N\ UAGHIC:=KHCIa ?KACCK-
<K@DNDZARTIa RN:^D@\CKRN\? )KUDUK gNKQK, <KRN:=:AURP =:dK^=:N\RP, ZNK ?RN=A?KGD@K
?RAW NAW, TNK d:QK?K=D@ K CAHK<IRNDUKRND <=D?:NDd:[DD ?KACCKY R_A=M? 6@P gNKQK
K^=:NDURP T DRNK=DZARTDU <=DUA=:U.
1.4 ?H]UMHa JVKMMHa ]NGH J N]UV[NN. 5HgTMNZN
2RNK=DP ZA@K?AZARN?: gNK DRNK=DP ?KYC, TKNK=MA ?A@D @aHD. '=IHCK RT:d:N\, ZNK
<KP?D@KR\ =:C\OA: QKRIH:=RN?K D@D C:eUCDTD, D gNK CA P?@PANRP [A@\a C:OAY =:^KNM,
KHC:TK R I?A=ACCKRN\a UKGCK d:P?DN\, ZNK <KR@AHCDA P?@PaNRP AR@D CA =K?ARCDT:UD
?KYC, NK ?Kd=:RN DW T:T UDCDUIU RK<KRN:?DU. 4NCKOACDA T C:eUCDT:U CA NK@\TK RAQKHCP,
CK D ?K ?RA ?=AUAC: ^M@K =:dCMU, CK <KZND ?RAQH: C:RNK=KGACCMU. 4HC:TK, CAd:?DRDUK KN
NKQK, @a^D@D DW D@D CAC:?DHA@D, <=AdD=:@D D@D ?KRWDb:@DR\, T DW IR@IQ:U <=DÂQ:@D,
RIHP <K <DR\UACCMU DRNKZCDT:U, ?K ?RA ?=AUAC:.
'=IHCK RT:d:N\, C:RTK@\TK IUARNCK QK?K=DN\ K Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY gTKCKUDTA
<=DUACDNA@\CK T C:eUCDT:U H=A?CDW ?=AUeC, T:T gNK HA@:AN, C:<=DUA= -K@\_ 0gRRA@A=
65
,
KHC:TK CA?KdUKGCK KN=D[:N\ NKN _:TN, ZNK Z:RNC:P DCD[D:ND?: ? R_A=A ?KYCM CA
P?@PANRP ICDT:@\CMU P?@ACDAU. $A ?MdM?:AN CDT:TDW RKUCACDY D NKN _:TN, ZNK DRNK=DP
C:eUCDTK? DUAAN ^K@AA ZAU 2000-@ANCaa DRNK=Da. 4HCDU Dd C:D^K@AA P=TDW
<=KDd?AHACDY 6=A?CAQK UD=:, ? TKNK=MW DHeN =AZ\ K C:eUCDT:W, P?@PANRP "C:^:RDR
&RACK_KCN:. 7 RKZDCACDD K<DR:C <KWKH HARPND NMRPZ C:eUCDTK? Q=ATK? <KR@A <K=:GACDP
? ^DN?A <=D &IC:TRA ? 401 QKHI HK C.g. -:dIUAANRP, D HK V ?AT: <=:?DNA@D <K@\dK?:@DR\ DW
IR@IQ:UD, KHC:TK <KRTK@\TI [A@\a H:CCKY =:^KNM CA P?@PANRP <=KR@AHDN\ DRNK=Da
<=DUACACDP C:eUCDTK?, UM CA ÎHAU KRN:C:?@D?:N\RP C: gNKU ?K<=KRA <KH=K^CAA.
4NUANDU @DO\, ZNK T <KUKbD C:eUCMW ?KDCK? <=DÂQ:@D, Q@:?CMU K^=:dKU, ? RD@I H?IW
?:GCAYODW <=ADUIbARN?: <=K_ARRDKC:@DdU d:T:@eCCMW ? ^DN?:W ^KY[K? D ?KdUKGCKRN\
C:^=:N\ DW ? CAK^WKHDUMW TK@DZARN?:W ? CIGCMY UKUACN.
6:GA ? OTK@\CMW IZA^CDT:W DRNK=DD <KHZe=TD?:ANRP, ZNK <=KND?KRNKPCDA -DU: D
&:=_:QAC: ^M@K, <KUDUK ?RAQK <=KZAQK, <=KND?KRNKPCDAU C:eUCKY T:=_:QACRTKY D
=DURTKY :=UDD, RKRNKPbAY Dd Q=:GH:C =AR<I^@DTD. )ICDZARTDA ?KYCM H@D@DR\ ^K@AA
RKNCD @AN D KTKCZD@DR\ <KÂHKY -DU:. $: DW DRWKH, ÂdIR@K?CK, <K?@DP@K KQ=KUCKA
TK@DZARN?K _:TNK=K?, CK =DURTDY DRNK=DT )K@D^DY, <KUDUK ?RAQK <=KZAQK, N:T KôPRCP@

65
0gRRA@A= -. 7KYC: T:T IR@IQ:. E.: '4V2m"-)-2$', 2007.
27

<=A?KRWKHRN?K =DURTKY :=UDD C:H T:=_:QACRTKY: Z$+-+6& N"3<8 0$3(".7 5 "3<, -"3
36+ :31GA8>".7 +63A(<6=<+ 6&(<6=<+ 53M.0&<+, & $+<176( "8A(<6=<+, .3."37?+<+ +A
*$&B2&6
66
.
)K UA=A =:ROD=ACDP D <=A?=:bACDP -DU: Dd =AR<I^@DTD ? DU<A=Da, =DURTKA
QKRIH:=RN?K R:UK ?Re ^K@AA :TND?CK RN:@K DR<K@\dK?:N\ C:eUCMA ?KYRT:, RKRNKP?ODA Dd
?:=?:=K?, ZNK ?<KR@AHRN?DD CA IT=A<@P@K, : =:d=IO:@K DU<A=Da, D P?D@KR\ KHCDU Dd
_:TNK=K?, <=D?AHODW Ae T KTKCZ:NA@\CKY QDÂ@D.
=AHCA?ATK?\A =:R[?AN Z:RNCKQK ?KACCKQK RATNK=:, ?M=:G:PR\ RK?=AUACCMU C:U
PdMTKU. K31G6=( 03<:&6++, 531G6=( ."$(10+ + <(M."($A+6*($=, 03623"G($= R DW
?KACCMUD KN=PH:UD (condotta HKQK?K= K C:YUA C: ?KACCIa R@IGÎ) ?KN KCD, C:eUCDTD
g<KWD =AHCDW ?ATK?. $DTTK@K E:TD:?A@@D N:T KNdM?:ANRP K CDW ? R?KeU dC:UACDNKU
N=IHA 1KRIH:=\:
\$&I$=( . 2$8AG7<+, 36+ $3I0+ :($(2 5$&*&<+; 6+ ."$&E& R3B+7, 6+
5($63."+ 1>27<; 36+ .18B&" *3.82&$> A&?+"3M "31G03 23 :($53*3 I37; 6&
53M6( "(I7 *$&I7" 5$&*+, 5 <+$63( 5$(<7 6&C<6+0+. Z$+-+6&
A&01>-&(".7 5 "3<, -"3 5 ."$3> +E 82($B+5&(" 6(I31GO3( B&135&6G(,
03"3$3*3 6(23."&"3-63, -"3I= 36+ :3B(1&1+ 8<($("G A& "(I7. ^6+
*3"35= I+"G.7 A& "(I7, :30& 6(" 53M6=, 63 03*2& 53M6& 6&-+6&(".7, 36+
:$(2:3-+"&>" I(B&"G +1+ $&."3$*68"G 23*353$
67
.
2CMUD R@K?:UD, KNCKOACDA T C:eUCDT:U ?K ?RA ?=AUAC: ^M@K KNCaH\ CA @IZOA,
ZAU RAQKHCP. 2RT@aZACDA <=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY NK@\TK O?AY[:=RTDA Q?:=HAY[M, TKNK=MA
RN:@D C:RNKPbDU NK?:=KU O?AY[:=RTKY =AR<I^@DTD. $K <KHZA=TCeU Abe =:d: CARUKN=P C:
RNK@\ CAQ:ND?CKA D H:GA <=ACA^=AGDNA@\CKA KNCKOACDA, IR@IQ:UD C:eUCDTK? <=KHK@G:@D
<K@\dK?:N\RP.
$DTIH: CA DRZAd@D C:eUCDTD D <KR@A 1648 QKH:, TKQH: ^M@ d:T@aZeC 7ARN_:@\RTDY
UD=, <K RIbARN?I <=AHIRU:N=D?:?ODY UKCK<K@\CKA <=:?K QKRIH:=RN?: C: <=DUACACDA
?KACCKY RD@M, CD <KR@A k=:C[IdRTKY =A?K@a[DD, TKQH: C:eUCDZARN?K ?<A=?MA ^M@K
d:<=AbACK ? KNHA@\CK ?dPNKY RN=:CA. /K@AA NKQK, DUACCK ? gNKN <A=DKH KRIbARN?@P@D R?Ka
HAPNA@\CKRN\ Dd?ARNCMA C:U 4RN-2CHRTDA TKU<:CDD, TKNK=MA, TRN:ND, <K UCACDa

66
)K@D^DY. 7RAK^b:P DRNK=DP // E.: 444 2dH:NA@\RN?K "', 2004. '.1 . 485-486
67
E:TD:?A@@D $. -:RRIGHACDP K <A=?KY HAT:HA 'DN: VD?DP. 1KRIH:=\. E.: -KRRDYRT:P <K@DNDZART:P
gC[DT@K<AHDP (-4)i$), 2002. . 392.
28

CATKNK=MW :?NK=K?, DUAaN C:D^K@\OAA RWKHRN?K R RK?=AUACCMUD c7&
68
. 'K@\TK ? XIX
?ATA KCD ^M@D d:UACACM <=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMUD RN=ITNI=:UD <K I<=:?@ACDa TK@KCDPUD.
EKC:=WD XVIII RNK@ANDP N:TGA CA QCIO:@DR\ DR<K@\dK?:N\ C:eUCDTK? ? ?KYC:W, TKNK=MA
KCD =:d?PdM?:@D.
cNK GA DdUACD@KR\ ? XIX ?ATA, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?: <A=ARN:@D <@:NDN\ HAC\QD
C:eUCDT:U, <K RIbARN?I RK@DH:=DdD=K?:?ODR\ R IdTKY <=KR@KYTKY UMR@DNA@AY, TKNK=MA,
T:T UM ?DHA@D, D =:CAA <=DdM?:@D KNT:d:N\RP KN IR@IQ C:eUCDTK?? 6A@K ? NKU, ZNK XIX
?AT RN:@ ?ATKU C:[DKC:@\CMW QKRIH:=RN?. EKC:=WD ^M@D ?MCIGHACM KNT:d:N\RP KN
T:^DCANCKY HD<@KU:NDD, =AOACDP NA<A=\ <=DCDU:@DR\ QK=:dHK ^K@AA OD=KTDU T=IQKU
@aHAY, : C:[DKC:@\CKA R:UKRKdC:CDA <KRNA<ACCK RN:@K Q@:?CMU H?DQ:NA@AU D _:TNK=KU
<=DCPNDP <K@DNDZARTDW =AOACDY. 7 XIX ?ATA ?KaaN C:[DD, : CA UKC:=WD. @AHK?:NA@\CK,
UACPANRP D W:=:TNA= ?KYC, D <:=:@@A@\CK R gNDU <=KDRWKHPN <=K[ARRM, TKNK=MA HA@:aN
CA?KdUKGCMU DR<K@\dK?:CDA ? gNDW ?KYC:W C:eUCDTK?. ':TDU K^=:dKU, C:[DKC:@\CMA
QKRIH:=RN?: ? XIX ?ATA KTKCZ:NA@\CK <=DO@D T DR<K@\dK?:CDa ? ?KYC:W C:[DKC:@\CMW
:=UDY.
&KCAZCK, C:eUCDTD CDTIH: CA DRZAd:@D D ? <A=DKH UKCK<K@DD QKRIH:=RN?: C:
?KACCIa RD@I, KHC:TK C: <=KNPGACDD <KZND H?IW ?ATK? DW HAPNA@\CKRN\ ^M@:
U:@Kd:UANCKY, : R <KP?@ACDAU RKKN?ANRN?IabDW d:TKCK? D TKC?AC[DY, K TKNK=MW ^M@K
I<KUPCINK ?MOA (6K<K@CDNA@\CMY )=KNKTK@ T rACA?RTDU TKC?AC[DPU 1949 QKH:;
&KC?AC[DP 44$ K d:<=AbACDD ?A=^K?TD, DR<K@\dK?:CDP, _DC:CRD=K?:CDP D KÎZACDP
C:AUCDTK? 1989 QKH:), RN:@: H:GA <=ARNI<CKY ? a=DHDZARTKU KNCKOACDD. )=D gNKU
CATKNK=MA QKRIH:=RN?: ?Re =:?CK <=KHK@G:@D DdMRTD?:N\ R<KRK^M DR<K@\dK?:CDP
C:eUCKY RD@M H@P ?KACCMW CIGH. $:D^K@AA W:=:TNA=CMU ? gNKU KNCKOACDD P?@PANRP
<=DUA= k=:C[DD, RKdH:?OAY ? 1831 QKHI 2CKRN=:CCMY @AQDKC. 2 gNKN K<MN H@P R?KAQK
?=AUACD, <K UCACDa CATKNK=MW gTR<A=NK?, UKGCK ^M@K H:GA C:d?:N\ g__ATND?CMU D
IH:ZCMU, <KNKUI ZNK T RA=AHDCA XX ?AT: <> 2CKRN=:CCMY @AQDKC RN:@ C:D^K@AA
HAAR<KRK^CMU TKU<KCACNKU _=:C[IdRTDW 7
69
.
2CKRN=:CCMY @AQDKC C:WKHDNRP ? N:T C:dM?:AUKY RA=KY dKCA R NKZTD d=ACDP
UAGHIC:=KHCKQK <=:?:, NKQH: T:T HAPNA@\CKRN\ C:eUCDTK?, T:T IGA CA =:d <KHZe=TD?:@KR\,
RN:@: CA@AQ:@\CKY D <=ARNI<CKY, D, ZNK R:UKA Q@:?CKA, <KH?A=Q@:R\ ?RAK^bAUI
KRIGHACDa. $K ?K ?NK=KY <K@K?DCA XX RNK@ANDP R <KP?@ACDAU c7& RDNI:[DP UACPANRP,
WKNP CD UK=:@\CKA, CD a=DHDZARTKA KNCKOACDA T C:eUCDT:U DdUACACDY CA <=ANA=<A?:AN.

68
0gRRA@A= -. 0T:d. RKZ. . 127-130.
69
p=:UZDWDC ". -IRRTDA C: ?KYCA. E.: &@aZ-, 2010. . 237
29

':TDU K^=:dKU, ?Re ?MOART:d:CCKA <Kd?K@PAN RHA@:N\ R@AHIabDY ?M?KH
UKCK<K@DP QKRIH:=RN?: C: <=DUACACDA ?KACCKY RD@M KNCKRDNA@\CK CAHK@QK?=AUACCKA
P?@ACDA ? DRNK=DZARTKY =AN=KR<ATND?A. $K AR@D ? DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY RD@M
CAN CDZAQK CAK^MZCKQK, NK ? ZeU T=KANRP <=DZDC: N:TKY Î=CKY =A:T[DD C: =:ROD=ACDA
dKCM <=DUACACDP c7& (T:T QAKQ=:_DZARTD, N:T D R NKZTD d=ACDP ?M<K@CPAUMW _ICT[DY)?
&KCAZCK, T:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK, KNZ:RND KN?AN @AGDN ? a=DHDZARTKY <@KRTKRND ?AH\ UM
RAQKHCP GD?eU ? DCKU K^bARN?A, ZAU H:GA RNK@ANDA C:d:H, D <=:?K?KA d:T=A<@ACDA DQ=:AN
QK=:dHK ^K@AA ?:GCIa =K@\. $K <=D?AHeCCMA ?MOA DRNK=DZARTDA <=DUA=M QK?K=PN K NKU,
ZNK <KHK^C:P N=A?KQ: D CAQ:ND?CKA KNCKOACDA T Z:RNCKY ?KACCKY RD@A (<IRN\ D CA ? ?DHA
c7&, : ? _K=UA C:eUCDZARN?:) ? <=DC[D<A R?KYRN?ACCK UMR@PbDU <=AHRN:?DNA@PU
K^bARN?: CAd:?DRDUK KN ?=AUACD, ? TKNK=KU KCD GD?IN.
&=KUA NKQK, RHA@:CCMY ?MOA ?M?KH K^ KNCKRDNA@\CKY UK@KHKRND UKCK<K@DD
QKRIH:=RN?: C: <=DUACACDA ?KACCKY RD@M CA <Kd?K@PAN C: H:CCKU gN:<A DRR@AHK?:CDP
IN?A=GH:N\, ZNK UD= GHeN N:T C:dM?:AU:P <K@C:P <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KYCM D KNT:d KN
QKRIH:=RN?ACCKY UKCK<K@DD ? gNKY R_A=A, WKNP C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ N:T:P NACHAC[DP
HAYRN?DNA@\CK RIbARN?IAN. 7 R?PdD R gNDU <=AHRN:?@PANRP ?:GCMU K<=AHA@DN\ NKN
TKCNATRN, <=D TKNK=KU RN:@K ?KdUKGCMU RNK@\ Î=CKA =:d?DNDA c7&.
1.5 BVMUKZ]U `VaJGKMNa ?1B
7 90-A QKHM XX ?AT: RN:@D C:^@aH:N\RP dC:ZDNA@\CMA DdUACACDP, TKNK=MA
<=KDRWKHD@D R :=UDPUD ?AHIbDW RN=:C `:<:H:. iND DdUACACDP UCKQKQ=:CCM D ?Md?:CM
=PHKU =:d@DZCMW _:TNK=K?. )=D?@AZACDA Z:RNCKQK RATNK=: ? =:CAA d:T=MNIa H@P CAQK
?KACCIa R_A=I <=KDRWKHD@K ?UARNA R -A?K@a[DAY ? ?KACCKU HA@A. pKNP CATKNK=MA
KNAZARN?ACCMA DRR@AHK?:NA@D <=DHA=GD?:aNRP UCACDP, ?MRT:d:CCKQK 4@AQKU 7:@A[TDU K
NKU, ZNK ?<A=?MA :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K <=DÂQ@K T <KUKbD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
TKU<:CDY H@P KÎZACDP ?KYRT R?KDW RKadCDTK? ? 1974 QKHI
70
, UKGCK IN?A=GH:N\: T:T
gNKN, N:T D H=IQDA R@IZ:D <=D?@AZACDP Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= P?@P@DR\ DRT@aZACDAU, TKNK=MA
CA <=D?@AT:@D KRKÂCCKQK ?CDU:CDP DRR@AHK?:NA@AY.
4RCK?CMA _:TNK=M, R<KRK^RN?K?:?ODA Î=CKUI =:d?DNDa =MCT: c7& ? gNKN
<A=DKH, UKGCK =:dHA@DN\ C: ?CAOCA<K@DNDZARTDA D@D UAGHIC:=KHCMA <=K[ARRM, TKNK=MA
<=KDRWKHD@D ? =:RRU:N=D?:AUMY <A=DKH, : N:TGA C: ?CIN=ACCDA <=AK^=:dK?:CDP, TKNK=MA
O@D ? RN=:C:W `:<:H:.

70
7:@A[TDY 4.7. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD, DW RKdH:CDA D =:d?DNDA K<MN =:^KNM ? 2=:TA, "_Q:CDRN:CA,
"_=DTA D ? H=IQDW =AQDKC:W UD=: // 2C_K=U:[DKCCMY =ARI=R Art of War.
<http://artofwar.ru/w/waleckij_o_w/chvk.shtml>
30

$: UAGHIC:=KHCKU I=K?CA ? TKC[A 80-W C:Z:@A 90-W <=KDRWKHPN =:HDT:@\CMA
QAK<K@DNDZARTDA RH?DQD, s@NDCRTK-)KNRH:URT:P RDRNAU: ?WKHDN ? _:dI Q@I^KTKQK
T=DdDR:. 2 =:ROD=ACDA R<ATN=: <=DUACACDP c7& P?D@KR\ KHCDU Dd KN@DZDNA@\CMW
<=DdC:TK? gNKQK <A=DKH:. 4HC:TK KôPRCDN\ RNK@\ ^MRN=KA =:d?DNDA Z:RNCKQK ?KACCKQK
RATNK=: KHCDUD @DO\ QAK<K@DNDZARTDUD DdUACACDPUD, T:T gNK RT@KCCM HA@:N\ CATKNK=MA
Dd :?NK=K?, KR?Pb:abDW gNI NAUI
71
, C: C:O ?dQ@PH, CA@\dP.
)A=DKH <KP?@ACDP c7& RK?<:H:AN R K^bAY NACHAC[DAY <=D?:NDd:[DD NAW R_A=
GDdCD, TKNK=MA =:CAA C:WKHD@DR\ ? ?AHACDD QKRIH:=RN?. )=D gNKU =AZ\ DHeN K
@DÂ=:@\CMW d:<:HCMW RN=:C:W. 7 1980-A QKHM U:PNCDT ?CIN=ACCAY <K@DNDTD ? KZA=AHCKY
=:d T:ZCI@RP ?<=:?K, D `:<:HCMY UD= RN:@ =A:@DdK?M?:N\ Abe ^K@AA =:HDT:@\CIa
@DÂ=:@\CIa gTKCKUDZARTIa <K@DNDTI, ZAU N:, TKNK=KY <=DHA=GD?:@RP HK gNKQK. 7 WKHA
CAe, T:T Dd?ARNCK, ? RN=:C:W `:<:HCKY +?=K<M ^M@: <=K?AHAC: U:RON:^C:P
HAC:[DKC:@Dd:[DP D <=D?:NDd:[DP R:UMW =:d@DZCMW R_A= RK[D:@\CK-gTKCKUDZARTKY
GDdCD K^bARN?:. 2UAC: @DHA=K? :CQ@KR:TRKCRTKQK UD=: E:=Q:=AN 'gNZA= D@D -KC:@\H:
-AYQ:C: H:@D C:d?:CDA N:TDU NA=UDC:U, T:T NgNZA=DdU D =AYQ:CKUDT:. 2UACCK gND
<KCPNDP CAK^MZ:YCK P=TK W:=:TNA=DdIaN DCNA=ARIabIa C:R g<KWI R NKZTD d=ACDP
gTKCKUDTD. )=K[ARR <=D?:NDd:[DD-HAC:[DKC:@Dd:[DD <KT: Abe <KRNA<ACCK, CK RN:@
d:N=:QD?:N\ D ?KACCIa R_A=I. 4HC:TK <K-<=AGCAUI gNK ^M@D @DO\ KNHA@\CMA R@IZ:D
DRT@aZACDP Dd <=:?D@:, TKNK=KA Q@:RD@K, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?K K^@:H:AN UKCK<K@DAY C:
?KACCIa RD@I. KTKCZ:CDAU GA pK@KHCKY ?KYCM DRT@aZACDA C:Z:@K <=A?=:b:N\RP ?
<=:?D@K.
$A@\dP RT:d:N\, ZNK KZA=AHCKY ?DNKT @DÂ=:@Dd:[DD ? RN=:C:W `:<:H: P?D@RP
<=DZDCKY ?KdCDTCK?ACDP c7&, KHC:TK N:T:P RDNI:[DP RKdH:?:@: HK<K@CDNA@\CIa
^@:QK<=DPNCIa <KZ?I H@P Î=CKQK =:d?DNDP c7&. :UK <K RAÂ KTKCZ:CDA pK@KHCKY
?KYCM N:TGA CA ^M@K <=DZDCKY <KP?@ACDP c7&. 4HC:TK C:Z:@KR\ RKT=:bACDA ?KACCMW
âHGANK? D :=UDY. 7 =AdI@\N:NA C: =MCKT ^M@K ?M^=KOACK KQ=KUCKA TK@DZARN?K
<=K_ARRDKC:@\CMW ?KACCMW =:dCMW d?:CDY D I=K?CP <=K_ARRDKC:@\CKY <KHQKNK?TD,
TKNK=MU N=IHCK ^M@K C:YND RAÂ UARNK ? CK?MW IR@K?DPW. iNK R<KRK^RN?K?:@K =KGHACDa
D =KRNI ? TK@DZARN?ACCKU KNCKOACDD c7&. )=D gNKU, T:T KNUAZ:AN $.E. 0?:=K?, d:H:ZD
?KK=IGeCCMW RD@ gNDW RN=:C, WKNP D ?DHKDdUACD@DR\, CK CA IUAC\OD@DR\, : ? =PHA
R@IZ:A? D ?Kd=KR@D
72
. 2 T:T RN:CK?DNRP PRCK, ? IR@K?DPW, TKQH: :=UDD D âHGANM

71
E:=N\PCK? 4. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD l": <=AHC:dC:ZACDA D =K@\ ? ?KACCMW TKC_@DTN:W //
`:=IÂGCKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. n 5. 2011. E:Y. . 8-13.
72
0?:=K? $.E. 0T:d. RKZ. . 13
31

RKT=:b:aNRP, KHCDU Dd C:D^K@AA <A=R<ATND?CMW ?:=D:CNK? TKU<ACR:[DD gNKQK
RKT=:bACDP ?DHDNRP <=D?@AZACDA Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI=. 7MQKH: d:T@aZ:ANRP ? NKU, ZNK ?
N:TKU R@IZ:A QKRIH:=RN?K CA N=:NDN R=AHRN? C: <KHHA=G:CDA KQ=KUCKY :=UDD ? IR@K?DPW,
TKQH: <=DUACPN\ Ae CA <@:CD=IANRP. 7 R@IZ:A GA ?KdCDTCK?ACDP <KHK^CKY CAK^WKHDUKRND,
HK?K@\CK ?MQKHCK D IHK^CK <=D?@AZ\ Z:RNCMW <KRN:?bDTK?, ZNK C:dM?:ANRP, <K
d:<=KRI.
':TDU K^=:dKU, ? RKZAN:CDD R IRD@D?OAYRP CARN:^D@\CKRN\a RDRNAUM
UAGHIC:=KHCMW KNCKOACDY gNK RKdH:?:@K ?Re ^K@AA ^@:QK<=DPNCMA IR@K?DP H@P =:d?DNDP
c7&. -MCKT R<DR:CCKY HAOe?KY ?KACCKY NAWCDTD N:TGA I?A@DZD@RP, <KH<DNM?:P <KZ?I
H@P ?CK?\ ?KdCDT:abAQK ?KACCKQK ^DdCAR:. $A R@AHIAN d:^M?:N\ D NKU, ZNK T 1980-U QKH:U
IGA ? NAZACDA ^K@AA ZAU N=eW HARPNTK? @AN CA ?A@KR\ T=I<CKU:RON:^CMW ?KYC ? NKU
<KCDU:CDD, T:TDUD ^M@D )A=?:P D 7NK=:P UD=K?:P ?KYC:. p:=:TNA= ?KYCM ?K 7\ANC:UA
D@D ?KYC ? "_=DTA RD@\CK KN@DZ:@RP KN NKQK, T:TDU KC C:Z:@ ?M=DRK?M?:N\RP T TKC[I
1980-W C:Z:@I 1990-W QKHK?. &=KUA NKQK, CK?MUD KôATN:UD H@P <=DUACACDP ?KACCKY
RD@M ?Re Z:bA RN:CK?D@DR\ CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMA :TNK=M NA==K=DRNM D@D <K?RN:C[M. 7RA
gND _:TNK=M <=D?A@D T NKUI, ZNK ? 1990-A QKHM =MCKT c7& RN:@ =A:@\CKRN\a.
2UACCK ? gNKN <A=DKH NA=UDC <=D?:NDd:[DP ?KACCKY R_A=M D@D <=D?:NDd:[DP
?KYCM (:QC@. privatization of war) <KP?D@RP ? <I^@DT:[DPW R<A[D:@DRNK? <K
UAGHIC:=KHCMU KNCKOACDPU, UAGHIC:=KHCKUI <=:?I D RN=:NAQDZARTDU DRR@AHK?:CDPU.
0RN:CK?DN\ NKZCIa H:NI D :?NK=RN?K H:CCKQK NA=UDC: CA P?@PANRP d:H:ZAY =:^KNM, KHC:TK
R I?A=ACCKRN\a UKGCK RT:d:N\, ZNK ? RA=AHDCA 1990-W QKHK? gNK <KCPNDA K^=AN:AN
<K<I@P=CKRN\ D ?WKHDN ? K^K=KN. 2 DUACCK ? gNKN <A=DKH <KP?@PaNRP N=A?KGCMA ?KdQ@:RM
K NKU, ZNK C:RNI<D@: <K=: CK?KQK C:eUCDZARN?:, K ZeU I<KUPCINK ?MOA.
cNK^M ^K@AA NKZCK <KCDU:N\, ZNK N:TKA c7& D <KZAUI DW <KP?@ACDA N:T
?RTK@MWCI@K R<A[D:@DRNK? D K^bARN?ACCKRN\, CAK^WKHDUK KRN:CK?DN\RP <KH=K^CAA C: NKY
HAPNA@\CKRND, TKNK=KY KCD d:CDU:aNRP D IR@IQ:W, DUD KT:dM?:AUMW.
1.6 BGH]]NiNZHPNa N OKaUKGQMV]UQ ?1B
7 @DNA=:NI=A, <KR?PbeCCKY ?K<=KR:U HAPNA@\CKRND c7&, UKGCK ?RN=ANDN\ DW
=:dCIa T@:RRD_DT:[Da. &@:RRD_DT:[DP, TKNK=Ia <=D?KHPN ? R?KDW =:^KN:W UCKQDA
KNAZARN?ACCMA :?NK=M
73
, ? [A@KU <=DC[D<D:@\CK CA KN@DZ:ANRP H=IQ KN H=IQ:. IHP <K
?RAUI, gN: T@:RRD_DT:[DP <K@IZD@: =:R<=KRN=:CACDA <KR@A NKQK, T:T ^M@: <=D?AHAC:

73
U. C:<=.: &=:OACDCCDTK?: 7.]. 7KYC: C: :INRK=RDCQA // -KRRDP ? Q@K^:@\CKY <K@DNDTA. 2008. n1;
0?:=K? $.E. 0T:d. RKZ.
32

:UA=DT:CRTDU DRR@AHK?:NA@AU )DNA=KU 0K==ACKU DCQA=KU ? AQK TCDQA &K=<K=:ND?CMA
?KDCM
74
. -:dCMA KNAZARN?ACCMA :?NK=M H:aN R?KY <A=A?KH. &@:RRD_DT:[DP ). 0.
DCQA=:, TKNK=:P <=D?AHAC: ? C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA, <A=AH:eNRP CDGA T:T <A=A?KH :?NK=:
C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM. 2N:T, <K T@:RRD_DT:[DD, TKNK=:P IGA RN:@: T@:RRDZARTKY H@P
RDRNAU:NDd:[DD c7&, KCD HA@PNRP C::
- K3(66=( 03<:&6++-:3."&5?+0+/03<:&6++-:$35&M2($= (&6*1. military provider
companies);
- K3(66=( 036.&1"+6*35=( 03<:&6++ (&6*1. military consulting companies);
- K3(66=( 3I(.:(-+5&>?+( 03<:&6++ (&6*1. military support companies).
1VKMM_K ZVT`HMNN-`V]UHJjNZN/ZVT`HMNN-`[VJHbOK[_ ? T:ZARN?A Q@:?CKY
d:H:ZD d:CDU:aNRP R@AHIabDU: Q:=:CND=IaN <KRN:?TI <=K_ARRDKC:@\CMW ?KACCMW
R<A[D:@DRNK? H@P =AOACDP ?KACCMW (? NKU ZDR@A D ^KA?MW) d:H:Z. iNK UKGAN ^MN\ T:T
KW=:C: KôATNK? D @D[, N:T D CA<KR=AHRN?ACCKA IZ:RNDA ? TKC_@DTN:W. )KHK^CMUD
R<A[D:@DRN:UD UKQIN P?@PN\RP ?KACCMA @eNZDTD, KNRN:?CMA RKN=IHCDTD R<A[R@IG^,
K_D[A=M D@D ^M?ODA =PHK?MA ?KACCMA. $:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCMUD <=AH<=DPNDPUD gNKY R_A=M
HAPNA@\CKRND ? =:dCKA ?=AUP P?@P@DR\: iTdAT\aND? "INT:UR (:CQ@. Executive
Outcomes) ]"-; gCH@:YC 2CNA=CAYOACA@ (:CQ@. Sandline International) -
7A@DTK^=DN:CDP; 6DC&K=< (:CQ@. DynCorp) l" D H=IQDA. "UA=DT:CRT:P
TKU<:CDP /@gTIKNA=, P?@Pab:PRP, ?KdUKGCK, R:UKY Dd?ARNCKY _D=UKY, KT:dM?:abAY
?KACCMA IR@IQD, N:TGA KNCKRDNRP T gNKY T:NAQK=DD.
4RCK?CMUD RD@\CMUD RNK=KC:UD TKU<:CDY-<=K?:YHA=K? P?@PaNRP
<=K_ARRDKC:@DdU D T:ZARN?K <KHQKNK?TD RKN=IHCDTK?, ZNK <Kd?K@PAN HK^D?:N\RP
<=ADUIbARN?: C: <K@A ^KP KRKÂCCK ? TKC_@DTN:W R IZ:RNDAU CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMW DQ=KTK?.
)K R@K?:U $.E. 0?:=K?:
75
, TKU<:CDD gNKQK ND<: C:D^K@AA N=IHCK KN@DZDN\ KN C:eUCDTK?
? N=:HD[DKCCKU <KCDU:CDD gNKQK R@K?:, K ZeU UM IGA I<KUDC:@D ? =:^KNA, TKQH:
QK?K=D@D K a=DHDZARTKU :R<ATNA =:RRU:N=D?:AUKQK ?K<=KR:. 4CD d:Z:RNIa ^:@:CRD=IaN
C: Q=:CD UAGHIC:=KHCKQK D ?CIN=ACCAQK d:TKCKH:NA@\RN?:. $:HK KNUANDN\, ZNK DUACCK
<KgNKUI <KHK^CMA TKU<:CDD HK?K@\CK Z:RNK UACPaN C:d?:CDP, <=K?KHPN =A^=ACHDCQ D@D
?K?RA @DT?DHD=IaNRP. 'D<DZCMU <=DUA=KU P?@PANRP T:T =:d TKU<:CDP /@gTIKNA=,
H?:GHM UACP?O:P R?Ke C:d?:CDA <KR@A =PH: Q=KUTDW RT:CH:@K?. 7 2009 QKHI KC: RN:@:
CKRDN\ DUP `D-e=?DRAR (:CQ@. - XE-Services), : R 2010 QKH: iTgHAUD (:CQ@.

74
Singer P.W. Corporate Warriors: the rise of the privatized military industry // Cornell University, 2003.
75
0?:=K? $.E. 0T:d. RKZ. . 10.
33

Academi)
76
. 2RT@aZACDA RKRN:?@PaN @DO\ KW=:CCMA <=AH<=DPNDP <K CDU ?K<=KRK?
UAC\OA.
BVM]HGUNMFVJ_K ZVT`HMNN, T:T R@AHIAN Dd K<=AHA@ACDP, R<A[D:@DdD=IaNRP C:
?KACCKU TKCRI@\ND=K?:CDD, ZNK <KH=:dIUA?:AN <KH RK^KY <KUKb\ ? =:d=:^KNTA <@:CK? C:
RN=:NAQDZARTKU D K<A=:ND?CKU I=K?CPW (? NKU ZDR@A <@:CD=K?:CDA TKCT=ANCMW K<A=:[DY),
=:d=:^KNTI HKTN=DC, TKC[A<[DY, <=K?AHACDA R<A[D:@\CKY <KHQKNK?TD ^KY[K? D
R<A[D:@DRNK?. )K RIbARN?I, Z:RNCMA TKCR:@NDCQK?MA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD U:@K ZAU
KN@DZ:aNRP KN Q=:GH:CRTDW. 1@:?CKA KN@DZDA R<A[D_DT: DW HAPNA@\CKRND. 4CD @DO\
<=AHKRN:?@PaN DC_K=U:[Da KTKCZ:NA@\CKA =AOACDA, : R@AHK?:NA@\CK, D KRCK?C:P
KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\ ?RAQH: KRN:eNRP d: d:T:dZDTKU
77
. 7 gNKU DW KN@DZDA KN TKU<:CDY-
<KRN:?bDTK? ?KACCMW R<A[D:@DRNK?. `:Z:RNIa TKCR:@NDCQK?MA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD
DR<K@\dIaNRP ? T:ZARN?A ?KACCMW RK?ANCDTK?, CK CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK ? ^KA?MW HAYRN?DPW CA
IZ:RN?IaN. $:?A=CKA, R:UKY Dd?ARNCKY Dd TKCR:@NDCQK?MW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY P?@PANRP
:UA=DT:CRT:P E)-2 (:CQ@. Military Professional Resources MPRI). 4 CAY RN:@K
OD=KTK Dd?ARNCK <KR@A IH:ZCK <=K?AHeCCKY ? :?QIRNA 1995 QKH: K<A=:[DD <K d:W?:NI
A=^RTKY &=:DCM WK=?:NRTDUD ?KYRT:UD. iNKN <=DUA= P?@PANRP <K-C:RNKPbAUI
W=ARNKU:NDYCMUD D ND=:GD=IANRP ?K ?RAW DdH:CDPW KN :T:HAUDZARTDW, HK
<I^@D[DRNDZARTDW. 2UACCK R <KUKb\a DCRN=ITNK=K? E)-2 WK=?:N:U IH:@KR\
=:d=:^KN:N\ <@:C D KRIbARN?DN\ C:RNI<:NA@\CIa K<A=:[Da <=KND? RA=^K?. 2CNA=ARCK, ZNK
N: GA R:U:P TKU<:CDP E)-2 <=D?@AT:@:R\ H@P <KHQKNK?TD Q=IdDCRTKY :=UDD <A=AH
TKC_@DTNKU 2008 QKH:
78
.
E)-2 <=DUA= TKU<:CDD, R<A[D:@DdD=Iab:PRP C: =:^KNA C: I=K?CA
RN=:NAQDZARTKQK <@:CD=K?:CDP. +RN\ D TKU<:CDD, TKNK=MA d:CDU:aNRP TKCRI@\ND=K?:CDAU
C: K<A=:ND?CKU I=K?CA. 7:GCKY KRKÂCCKRN\a TKCR:@NDCQK?MW TKU<:CDY P?@PANRP NK, ZNK
AHDCDZCMA T=:NTK?=AUACCMA TKCN=:TNM R KQ=:CDZACCMUD d:H:CDPUD, TKNK=MA
d:T@aZ:aNRP R ?KACCMUD ?AHKURN?:UD d:DCNA=ARK?:CCMW RN=:C, d:Z:RNIa <=A?=:b:aNRP ?
HK@QKR=KZCMA. @AHK?:NA@\CK, ?KdCDT:AN R?KAQK =KH: d:?DRDUKRN\ KN gNDW TKU<:CDY NK,
ZNK ? gTKCKUDTA C:dM?:aN <=D?PdT: T <KRN:?bDTI. &=KUA NKQK, DW UKQIN <=D?@AT:N\ T
=A:@Dd:[DD RKRN:?@ACCMW <@:CK?, D R@IZ:ANRP N:T, ZNK Q=:C\ UAGHI gNDU ND<KU TKU<:CDY
D TKU<:CDPUD <KRN:?bDT:UD =:dUM?:ANRP.

76
2C_K=U:[DP R R:YN: TKU<:CDD iTgHAUD < http://academi.com/>
77
Grant B. U.S. Military Expertise For Sale: Private Military Consultants As a Tool Of Foreign Policy // U.S. Army
War College. 1998. P. 27-28 < http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a344357.pdf>
78
/:=:^:CK? E.., V:?=K? ".7., mA@IYTK 7.". ':CTD :?QIRN: // mACN= :C:@Dd: RN=:NAQDY D NAWCK@KQDY<KH
=AH. /:=:^:CK?: E.. M. 2009 . 28 < http://cast.ru/files/the_tanks_of_august_sm.pdf>
34

#XK]`KSNJHkjNK ZVT`HMNN ?MdM?:aN I R<A[D:@DRNK? UAC\OA ?RAQK ?K<=KRK? <K
DW RN:NIRI. )=D gNKU DW HK@P R=AHD ?RAW c7& dC:ZDNA@\CK ?MOA, ZAU TKU<:CDY-
<KRN:?bDTK? D TKCR:@NDCQK?MW _D=U. &:T UM UKGAU RIHDN\ DRWKHP Dd C:d?:CDP, gND
<=AH<=DPNDP d:CDU:aNRP TKU<@ATRCMU NM@K?MU D NAWCDZARTDU KÂR<AZACDAU,
<=AHKRN:?@ACDAU N=:CR<K=NCMW IR@IQ (N=:CR<K=NCMY :IRK=RDCQ) D CATKNK=MW H=IQDW. 'K
ARN\ ?RAU NAU, ZNK ? :CQ@KPdMZCKY @DNA=:NI=A D ? RN=:NAQDZARTDW HKTIUACN:W RN=:C `:<:H:
C:dM?:aN R@K?KU procurement. c:RN\ _D=U gNK HKZA=CDA <=AH<=DPNDP TKU<:CDY
<KRN:?bDTK? NAWCDTD, Z:RN\ Dd CDW R:UKRNKPNA@\CMA KNHA@\CMA TKU<:CDD. 4HCKY Dd
C:D^K@AA IR<AOCMW TKU<:CDY gNKQK ND<: P?@PANRP &g@@KQ /=:IC gCH -IN.
+R@D <K@\dK?:N\RP T@:RRD_DT:[DAY, TKNK=Ia H:eN -K@\_ 0gRRA@A=, d:T:dZDT:UD,
=KGH:abDUD R<=KR C: <KHK^CMA <=AH<=DPNDP, P?@PaNRP: ^KQ:NMA QKRIH:=RN?:, ÂHCMA
QKRIH:=RN?:, ^DdCAR (<=DZeU @a^KQK U:RON:^:) D Z:RNCMA @D[:
79
. &=KUA NKQK, d:T:dZDT:UD
C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ ?MRNI<:aN N:TGA D UAGHIC:=KHCMA K=Q:CDd:[DD, ? NKU ZDR@A 44$.
&:T ?DHCK Dd C:d?:CDP =:^KNM, C:R DCNA=ARIaN DUACCK QKRIH:=RN?: ? T:ZARN?A d:T:dZDTK?
c7&. )=DZeU ? ^K@\OAY RNA<ACD =AZ\ ÎHAN DHND K ^KQ:NMW QKRIH:=RN?:W, N:T T:T KN?AN
C: ?K<=KR, d:ZAU c7& CARKRNKP?ODURP QKRIH:=RN?:U, ^K@AA D@D UACAA KZA?DHAC.
6APNA@\CKRN\, ? TKNK=Ia ?K?@AZACM c7&, D IR@IQD, DUD KT:dM?:AUMA, UKGCK
KN=:dDN\ ? ?DHA R@AHIabAY RWAUM:

)=D?AHeU CATKNK=MA <=DUA=M KT:dM?:AUMW c7& IR@IQ ? d:?DRDUKRND KN
T:NAQK=DD, T TKNK=KY KCD KNCKRPNRP.
4W=:C: D KÂR<AZACDA ÂdK<:RCKRND KôATNK?, TKC?KD=K?:CDA: UCKQDA TKU<:CDD-
<KRN:?bDTD KT:dM?:@D ? WKHA H?IW ?KYC D=:TRTKY D :_Q:CRTKY IR@IQD <K KW=:CA
KôATNK? D TKC?KD=K?:CDa. KN=IHCDTD gNDW c7& KÂR<AZD?:@D ÂdK<:RCKRN\, T:T

79
0gRRA@A= -. 0T:d. RKZ. . 62-63.
4ÎZACDA
-:dUDCD=K?:CDA
!#
4W=:C: @D[
-:d?AHHAPNA@\CKRN\
`:bDN: (KW=:C:)
KôATNK?
4^R@IGD?:CDA
NAWCDTD
C:^GACDA
(procurement)
0Z:RNDA ?
K<A=:[DPW
35

K_D[D:@\CMW IZ=AGHACDY KTTI<:[DKCCMW ?KYRT (? NKU ZDR@A Na=AU) D UARNCMW ?@:RNAY,
N:T D UARNK=KGHACDY CA_ND, CA_NA<=K?KHK?, :g=K<K=NK? D H=IQDW KôATNK?. &KCN=:TNM C:
KT:d:CDA <KHK^CKQK =KH: IR@IQ ^M@D I ^K@\OKQK ZDR@: TKU<:CDY, R=AHD TKNK=MW
/@gTIKNA=, 1@K^:@ -DRT N=gNgHGDR, 2HGDR 6A_ACR e=?DRAR D H=IQDA
80
.
4W=:C: ?:GCMW <A=RKC. $:D^K@AA P=TDU D W:=:TNA=CMU <=DUA=KU P?@PANRP NKN
_:TN, ZNK KW=:CKY <=AdDHACN: "_Q:CDRN:C: p:UDH: &:=d:P d:CDU:@DR\ RKN=IHCDTD c7&
6DC&K=<
81
. &=KUA NKQK, :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K d:T@aZ:@K TKCN=:TN C: IR@IQD <K
KW=:CA )K@: /=AUA=: Q@:?M KTTI<:[DKCCKY :HUDCDRN=:[DD ? 2=:TA (2003-2004). 7
=:UT:W gNKQK TKCN=:TN: TKU<:CDP /@gTIKNA= N:TGA HK@GC: ^M@: <=AHKRN:?DN\ H?:
?A=NK@eN:, C: TKNK=MW /=AUA= D <A=AH?DQ:@RP
82
.
$:^K= D <KHQKNK?T: @DZCKQK RKRN:?:, KÎZACDA: =PH TKU<:CDY KT:dM?:@ <KHK^CMA
IR@IQD ? 2=:TA. 7 _ICT[DD RKN=IHCDTK? ?WKHD@K C:^D=:N\, KÎZ:N\, KNR@AGD?:N\,
KT:dM?:N\ <KHHA=GTI, TKK=HDCD=K?:N\ D I<=:?@PN\ @DZCMU RKRN:?KU :UA=DT:CRTDW
?KACCMW ? WKHA ?M<K@CACDP <K@D[AYRTDW _ICT[DY. &KU<:CDD, TKNK=MA KT:dM?:@D
<KHK^CMA IR@IQD: 6DC&K=<, D?D@D:C )K@DR 2CNA=CAYOACA@ (:CQ@. Civilian Police
International) D H=IQDA
83
. ':TGA, T:T IGA ^M@K RT:d:CK, KHCKY Dd C:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCMW
TKU<:CDY <K KT:d:CDa <KHK^CMW IR@IQ, CK ? R_A=A RN=:NAQDZARTKQK KÎZACDP, P?@PANRP
c7& E)-2.
0R@IQD <A=A?KHZDTK?: ?KACCMA <A=A?KHZDTD DR<K@\dIaNRP QKRIH:=RN?:UD KZAC\
:TND?CK D <=:TNDZARTD ?K ?RAW R_A=:W. 2CKQH: gNK H:GA Z=A?:NK RT:CH:@:UD
84
.
`C:UACDNMA _D=UM, <=AHKRN:?@PabDA IR@IQD ?KACCKQK <A=A?KH:: &"2 (:CQ@. -
CACI) D 'DN:C &K=<.
1IU:CDN:=CKA =:dUDCD=K?:CDA: T IR@IQ:U c7& ? H:CCKU R@IZ:A Z:bA ?RAQK
<=DÂQ:aN UAGHIC:=KHCMA K=Q:CDd:[DD IGA <KR@A d:?A=OACDP D CK=U:@Dd:[DD RDNI:[DD
? dKCA TKC_@DTNK?. KN=IHCDTD c7& ICDZNKG:aN CA=:dK=?:?ODARP ^KA<=D<:RM D
=:dUDCD=IaN UDCCMA <K@P. "TND?CK QIU:CDN:=CKA =:dUDCD=K?:CDA <=K?KHD@KR\ C:
NA==DNK=DPW ^M?OAY ]QKR@:?DD, &:U^KHGD D ? H=IQDW RN=:C:W. $: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ ?

80
U. C:<=.: Quarterly Reports and Semiannual Reports To Congress of The Special Inspector General for Iraq
Reconstruction // Official page of The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
<http://www.sigir.mil/publications/quarterlyreports/index.html>
81
DynCorps Assignment: Protect Afghan Leader // The Washington Post. 2002. 2 December.
82
Quarterly Report July 2004 <http://www.sigir.mil/files/quarterlyreports/July2004/ListOfContracts.pdf>
83
Ibidem.
84
Abu Ghraib abuse firms are rewarded // The Guardian. 2005. 16 January.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jan/16/usa.iraq>
36

UD=A _ICT[DKCD=IAN ^K@\OKA ZDR@K TKU<:CDY, R<A[D:@DdD=IabDWRP C: =:dUDCD=K?:CDD.
$:<=DUA=, "=UK= 1=I<, -KCTK &KCR:@NDCQ (:CQ@. Ronco Consulting), E:YCT@D=
2CNA=CAYOACA@ (:CQ@. Mineclear International) D UCKQDA H=IQDA
85
.
'M@K?KA RC:^GACDA d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ? ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD ?KYRT: HK?K@\CK
KZA?DHCK, ZNK H@P ?M<K@CACDP H:CCKY _ICT[DD c7& C:CDU:aN K^MZCK QKRIH:=RN?:, WKNP
D UAGHIC:=KHCMA K=Q:CDd:[DD (44$) UKQIN N:TGA <K@\dK?:N\RP N:TKQK =KH: IR@IQ:UD.
$:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCKY TKU<:CDAY, R<A[D:@DdD=IabAYRP C: NM@K?KU RC:^GACDD, UKGCK
RZDN:N\ &g@@KQ /=:IC gCH -IN (:CQ@. Kellog Brown and Root)
86
.
`:bDN: KN <D=:NK?: H:CCMY ?DH IR@IQ RAQKHCP RN:CK?DNRP KZAC\ <K<I@P=CMU ?
R?PdD R ?Kd=KROAY <D=:NRTKY K<:RCKRN\a. & CDU <=DÂQ:aN T:T QKRIH:=RN?:, N:T D
Z:RNCMA d:T:dZDTD. 2CNA=ARCK, ZNK C: gNKU =:d?D?:abAURP =MCTA :TND?CK HAYRN?IaN
=KRRDYRTDA TKU<:CDD. $:<=DUA=, EK=:C AT\a=DND 1=I<< (:CQ@. Moran Security
Group
87
, -/-1=I<< (-KRRDYRTDA DRNAUM /AdK<:RCKRND)
88
D H=IQDA. =AHD
d:=IÂGCMW TKU<:CDY @DHA=KU ? gNKY K^@:RND UKGCK RZDN:N\ c7& 1@K^:@ E:=DN:YU
AT\a=DND (:CQ@. Global Maritime Security).
&=KUA NKQK, c7& UKQIN KÂR<AZD?:N\ <=KND?K<KG:=CIa d:bDNI, <=AHKRN:?@PN\
IR@IQD ? Z:RND =:d?AHTD D :C:@DNDZARTKY DC_K=U:[DD, K^R@IGD?:CDD KRK^K R@KGCKY
NAWCDTD D ?M<K@CPN\ CATKNK=MA H=IQDA _ICT[DD.
':TDU K^=:dKU, C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ c7& <K@IZD@D OD=KTKA =:R<=KRN=:CACDA ?K
?ReU UD=A. 4CD ?M<K@CPaN R:UMA =:dCMA ?DHM IR@IQ H@P =:d@DZCMW d:T:dZDTK?,
TKNK=MUD UKQIN ?MRNI<:N\, T:T Z:RNCMA @D[:, N:T D QKRIH:=RN?:. &K@DZARN?K TKU<:CDY,
<KH<DR:?ODW EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP H@P c7&, <K RKRNKPCDa C: 1 U:P 2013
QKH: RKRN:?D@K 630 TKU<:CDY
89
. iNK R<DRKT Abe ÎHAN <K<K@CPN\RP, ZNK KdC:Z:AN, ZNK
DRNDCCKA TK@DZARN?K c7& ^K@\OA IT:d:CCKY [D_=M. /K@\OA ?RAQK c7& d:=AQDRN=D=K?:CK

85
7:@A[TDY 4.7. -:dUDCD=K?:CDA ? TKC[A XX ?AT: D c7& // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN 7KACCK-TKCR:@NDCQK?KY
TKU<:CDD "@\_:-7DNPd\. <http://mail.milcons.ru/uchebnyy-centr/article/razminirovanie-v-konce-xx-veka-i-
chvk>
86
2C_K=U:[DP K <=AHKRN:?@PAUMW IR@IQ:W // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN TKU<:CDD KBR
<http://www.kbr.com/Services/>
87
2C_K=U:[DP K^ IR@IQ:W TKU<:CDD // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN TKU<:CDD EK=:C AT\a=DND 1=I<<
<http://moran-group.org/ru/service/index>
88
-:dHA@ EK=RTDA K<A=:[DD // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN TKU<:CDD -/-1=I<< <http://www.rsb-
group.ru/viewpage.php?page_id=1>
89
<DRKT TKU<:CDY, <KH<DR:?ODW EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN
<http://www.icoc-psp.org/uploads/Signatory_Companies_-_May_2013_-_Composite_List.pdf>
37

? RN=:C:W `:<:H:. 'K@\TK ? 7A@DTK^=DN:CDD D l" ?UARNA ?dPNMW N:TDW TKU<:CDY 264
90
.
)=D gNKU HAYRN?IaN gND TKU<:CDD ? R:UMW =:dCMW =AQDKC:W UD=:. 7 KRCK?CKU KCD
<K@\dIaNRP R<=KRKU N:U, QHA <=KDRWKHPN TKC_@DTNM: /@DGCDY 7KRNKT, "_=DT:,
V:NDCRT:P "UA=DT: D H=IQDA.
)=:?K?KY RN:NIR HAPNA@\CKRND R:UDW TKU<:CDY D DW RKN=IHCDTK? P?@PANRP C:
RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ <=AHUANKU H@P RA=\edCMW HDRTIRRDY. /K@AA NKQK, CA ?RAQH: UKGCK
=:dQ=:CDZDN\ RKN=IHCDTK? c7& D C:eUCDTK? R NKZTD d=ACDP <=:?:, ZNK ?MdM?:AN K<:RACDP
CATKNK=MW <K@DNDTK? D K^bARN?ACCMW HAPNA@AY. N:NIR =KRRDYRTDW c7& C:WKHDNRP ?
RA=KY dKCA. 2W HAPNA@\CKRN\ CA =AQ@:UACDN=K?:C:, CK _:TNDZARTD N:TDA K=Q:CDd:[DD
RIbARN?IaN. 7 K^bAU D [A@KU, UKGCK RT:d:N\, ZNK gNKN =MCKT Abe HKRN:NKZCK UK@KH, D
?<A=AHD AUI <=AHRNKPN QKHM I<K=PHKZD?:CDP, AR@D <KN=A^CKRN\ ? gNDW K=Q:CDd:[DPW CA
<KYHeN C: R<:H. ':T D@D DC:ZA, CA?KdUKGCK KN=D[:N\, ZNK c7& IGA RN:@D P?@ACDAU,
TKNK=KA CA?KdUKGCK CA d:UAZ:N\, D UCKQDU DW d:T:dZDT:U IGA CA K^KYNDR\ Âd DW IR@IQ. 7
NKU ZDR@A =AZ\ DHeN D K QKRIH:=RN?:W.

90
&K@DZARN?K c7& <K =AQDKC:U UD=: // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN &KHATR: <http://www.icoc-
psp.org/Home_Page.html>
38

1@:?: 2
,]`VGQRVJHMNK FV]cOH[]UJHTN SH]UM_e JVKMM_e ZVT`HMNb `[N
`[VJKOKMNN RH[cXKlM_e V`K[HPNb
&:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK ?MOA, R_A=: <=DUACACDP D HAPNA@\CKRND c7& HKRN:NKZCK
OD=KT: D UKGAN ^MN\ R:UKY =:dCKK^=:dCKY ? d:?DRDUKRND KN d:T:dZDT: D d:H:Z, TKNK=MA
KC RN:?DN <A=AH TKCT=ANCKY TKU<:CDAY. 7K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD <=D
<=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY dC:ZDNA@\CK RIG:AN T=IQ RDNI:[DY, TKNK=MA UKGCK
DR<K@\dK?:N\ H@P :C:@Dd: D HKRNDGACDP [A@AY H:CCKY =:^KNM. iNK R?Pd:CK RK R<A[D_DTKY
=:RRU:N=D?:AUKQK ?K<=KR:. /K@\ODCRN?K =:^KN, ? TKNK=MW =:RRU:N=D?:ANRP HAPNA@\CKRN\
c7& @D^K CA =:dHA@PaN d:T:dZDTK? DW IR@IQ ?KK^bA, @D^K CA <KR?PbACM ?K<=KR:U
<=DUACACDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD. ':TKY ?K<=KR, T:T DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD
<=D <=K?AHACDD TKCT=ANCMW K<A=:[DY, P?@PANRP ^K@AA IdTDU, ZAU, C:<=DUA=, <=K^@AU:
DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD.
6APNA@\CKRN\ c7& <K d:T:dI KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK?, TKNK=MA ? <KR@AHCDA
HARPND@ANDP C:D^K@AA :TND?CK <=KP?@P@D RA^P <=D <=K?AHACDD ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY,
<K@IZD@: C:D^K@\OAA =:R<=KRN=:CACDA DUACCK ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA. +R@D C: /:@T:C:W
l" NK@\TK C:ZDC:@D <=D?@AT:N\ c7& T IZ:RNDa ? N:TDW UDRRDPW, CK gNK IZ:RNDA ^M@K
?Re Abe =K^TDU, NK ? ?KACCMW K<A=:[DPW, <KR@AHK?:?ODW d: 11 RACNP^=P, <=D?@AZACDA
Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= D DW RKN=IHCDTK? RN:@K NACHAC[DAY D <=:?D@KU. 7 R?PdD R gNDU H:CCMA
R@IZ:D ?MHA@ACM KRK^K. 7 R?PdD R gNDU <=AHRN:?@PANRP CAK^WKHDUMU <=K:C:@DdD=K?:N\
ZDR@ACCMY RKRN:? RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ? :_Q:CRTKY D D=:TRTKY T:U<:CDPW
D ?M<K@CPabDW R?KD d:H:ZD ? gNDW RN=:C:W <K d:T:dI :UA=DT:CRTKQK <=:?DNA@\RN?:.
)KR@A gNKQK CAK^WKHDUK R=:?CDN\ AQK ? HDC:UDTA R ZDR@ACCKRN\a :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW
H@P ?MP?@ACDP d:?DRDUKRND UAGHI ZDR@KU RKN=IHCDTK? c7& D TK@DZARN?KU
?KACCKR@IG:bDW, IZ:RN?IabDW ? K<A=:[DPW.
7 WKHA KRIbARN?@ACDP R?KAY HAPNA@\CKRND ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA c7&, C:CPNMA
:UA=DT:CRTDU <=:?DNA@\RN?KU, CA =:d RN:CK?D@DR\ IZ:RNCDT:UD T=I<CMW RT:CH:@K?. 7
=AdI@\N:NA gNKQK C: <K?A=WCKRN\ ?R<@M?:@D CAHKRN:NTD, TKNK=MA <K=KGH:AN
DR<K@\dK?:CDA gNDW RN=ITNI= ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW. 6@P <KCDU:CDP gNDW CAHKRN:NTK?,
: N:TGA ?M?KHK?, TKNK=MA HA@:aN l" Dd gNDW DC[DHACNK?, R@AHIAN =:RRUKN=AN\
C:D^K@AA Q=KUTDA Dd <KHK^CMW R@IZ:A?.
39

$:D^K@AA T=I<CMUD c7&, TKNK=MA d:HAYRN?K?:@DR\ <=:?DNA@\RN?KU KAHDCeCCMW
lN:NK? ? ?KACCMW T:U<:CDPW ? 2=:TA D "_Q:CDRN:CA P?@PaNRP /@gTIKNA=, 6DC&K=<,
E)-2, "=UK= 1=I<, '=:Y<@ &gCK<D D H=. l" d:T@aZ:@D TKCN=:TNM D R
TKU<:CDPUD H=IQDW RN=:C. $:<=DUA=, d:=AQDRN=D=K?:CC:P ? 7A@DTK^=DN:CDD c7& 2HGDR
6g_gCR e=?DRAR ?M<K@CP@: HKQK?K=, R?Pd:CCMY R TKK=HDC:[DAY =:^KNM H=IQDW c7&,
N:TGA KRIbARN?@P?ODW R?Ka HAPNA@\CKRN\ ? WKHA K<A=:[DD ? 2=:TA. iNKN R<DRKT H:@ATK
CA <K@KC D AQK UKGCK dC:ZDNA@\CK =:ROD=DN\, KHC:TK R:UMA =AdKC:CRCMA DC[DHACNM, ?
TKNK=MA KT:dM?:@DR\ ?K?@AZeCCMUD c7& ? 2=:TA D "_Q:CDRN:CA, <=KDRWKHD@D R
TKU<:CDAY /@gTIKNA= D 6DC&K=<. 2C_K=U:[DP K^ gNDW <=KDROARN?DPW D <=D?AHAC:
CDGA.
2.1 ,]`VGQRVJHMNK ?1B J 3iFHMN]UHMK
7 KTNP^=P 2001 QKH: C:Z:@:R\ ?KACC:P K<A=:[DP <=KND? ':@D^:C:. $: <A=?KU gN:<A
K<A=:[DP <=K?KHD@:R\ KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD "UA=DTD D CATKNK=MUD H=IQDUD Z@AC:UD
^@KT: $"'4. VDO\ <KR@A 20 HAT:^=P <KR@A =AdK@a[DD K?AN: /AdK<:RCKRND 44$ ^M@D
RKdH:CM EAGHIC:=KHCMA RD@M RKHAYRN?DP ÂdK<:RCKRND (ISAF), ? TKNK=MW <=DCDU:@ D
<=DCDU:AN IZ:RNDA dC:ZDNA@\CK ^K@AA OD=KTDY T=IQ RN=:C, ZAU ? <A=?MA 3 UARP[: ?KYCM.
)A=?:P Z:RN\ gNKY ?KYCM ^M@: <=K?AHAC: ? KRCK?CKU RK?UARNCMUD RD@:UD :=UDY l" D
7A@DTK^=DN:CDD, D ? [A@KU Ae UKGCK KW:=:TNA=DdK?:N\ T:T IR<AOCIa. 4C: d:CP@: 2,5
UARP[:. 4HC:TK gN: ?KACC:P K<A=:[DP ?RNI<D@: ? CK?Ia d:NPGCIa _:dI D CA d:?A=OAC: HK
RDW <K=.
"TND?CKA <=DUACACDA c7& ? :_Q:CRTKY T:U<:CDD C:Z:@KR\ IGA <KR@A 2001 QKH:.
':T <KH<DR:CDA <A=?KQK T=I<CKQK TKCN=:TN:, TKNK=MY ^M@ d:T@aZeC R TKU<:CDAY
/@gTIKNA= ? =:UT:W C:RNKPbAY K<A=:[DD, RKRNKP@KR\ ? 2002 QKHI
91
.
$ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK ? R=AHA DRR@AHK?:NA@AY, d:CDU:abDWRP <=K^@AU:UD c7&, IGA
IN?A=HD@KR\ R?KAQK =KH: T@DOA T:T <KT:dM?:AN K<MN "_Q:CDRN:C: D 2=:T:, =:^KN D
DC_K=U:[DD K HAPNA@\CKRND c7& ? "_Q:CDRN:CA dC:ZDNA@\CK UAC\OA, ZAU <K H:CCKY
NAU:NDTA, CK ? TKCNATRNA 2=:T:. 7K UCKQKU gNK R?Pd:CK R NAU, ZNK ?K ?=AUP <=:?@ACDP
:HUDCDRN=:[DD 6G. /IO: U@:HOAQK KRCK?CKA ?CDU:CDA <=:?DNA@\RN?:, K^bARN?:, :
?UARNA R CDUD D DRR@AHK?:NA@AY, ^M@K RTKC[ACN=D=K?:CK C: D=:TRTKY K<A=:[DD. `: gNK
43-Y :UA=DT:CRTDY <=AdDHACN <KH?A=Q:@RP T=DNDTA, CK RDNI:[DP DdUACD@:R\ NK@\TK <KR@A
<=DWKH: ? /A@MY HKU /:=:T: 4^:UM, ?dP?OAQK TI=R C: HKRNDGACDA <A=A@KU: ? :_Q:CRTKY
?KYCA KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD.

91
Scahill J. Blackwater. The Rise of The Most Powerful Mercenary Army. New York: Nation Books, 2008. P. 17
40

IHDN\ K TK@DZARN?A TKU<:CDY, TKNK=MA HAYRN?K?:@D C: NA==DNK=DD "_Q:CDRN:C:,
HK?K@\CK N=IHCK <K IT:d:CCMU =:CAA <=DZDC:U: ?CDU:CDA <=:?DNA@\RN?:, : ?UARNA R CDU
=AQDRN=:[DKCCMW D RN:NDRNDZARTDW K=Q:CK? HK@QKA ?=AUP ^M@K <=DTK?:CK T 2=:TI.
7UARNA R NAU, KHDC Dd :?NK=K? :UA=DT:CRTKQK UKdQK?KQK N=ARN: - 2CRNDNIN &:NK (:CQ@.
the Cato Institute) 6:?DH "YdACÂ=Q (:CQ@. David Isenberg) <=AHKRN:?@PAN R@AHIabIa
DC_K=U:[Da: <K RKRNKPCDa C: 2009-2010 QKHM ? "_Q:CDRN:CA @AQ:@\CK =:^KN:@D 52
TKU<:CDD
92
.
$: ?K<=KR K d:N=:N:W :UA=DT:CRTKQK <=:?DNA@\RN?: C: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA KN?AZ:AN :IHDNK=RTDY KNZeN H@P 0<=:?@ACDP 1ACA=:@\CKQK DCR<ATNK=: <K
?KRRN:CK?@ACDa 2=:T:. iNK DC_K=U:[DP NK@\TK d: 2008 QKH. 7 KNZeNA QK?K=DNRP, ZNK 167
U@C. $ ^M@K <KN=:ZACK CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK C: TKCN=:TNM R c7&. &=KUA NKQK, Z:RN\ HACAQ
c7& <=DO@:R\ C: RI^TKCN=:TNM. iN: RIUU: RKRN:?D@: 12 U@C. $
93
. ':TDU K^=:dKU, K^b:P
RIUU:, ?MHA@ACC:P c7& ? "_Q:CDRN:CA DUACCK <K RN:N\A ?KACCMA D KW=:CCMA IR@IQD
RKRN:?D@: 179 U@C. $. iNI RIUUI ? [A@KU <KHN?A=GH:aN U:NA=D:@M Dd 2NKQK?KQK KNZeN:
&KCQ=ARRI &KUDRRDD <K 7KACCMU TKCN=:TN:U 2=:T: D "_Q:CDRN:C:
94
. EAGHI NAU, ?
KNZeNA <KHZe=TD?:ANRP, ZNK Z:RN\ TKCN=:TNK? R c7& IZARN\ CA <=AHRN:?@PANRP ?KdUKGCMU,
N:T T:T KCD UKQIN <=KWKHDN RK?A=OACCK <K =:dCMU RN:N\PU âHGAN:. &=KUA NKQK, ARN\ ?RA
KRCK?:CDP RZDN:N\, ZNK ? <KR@AHIabDA QKHM RIUUM TKCN:TNK? R c7& Abe ?M=KR@D, N:T
T:T <KR@A 2008 QKH: <=KDdKO@K I?A@DZACDA ?KYRT l" ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, : ?UARNA R gNDU
?Kd=KR@: D <KN=A^CKRN\ ? IR@IQ:W c7&, ZNK UM I?DHDU CDGA.
T:d:N\ NKZCK, T:TK?K ^M@K TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, d:T@aZD?ODW TKCN=:TNM
R l" D HAYRN?K?:?ODW C: NA==DNK=DD "_Q:CDRN:C: HK 2008 QKH:, CA <=AHRN:?@PANRP
?KdUKGCMU. 4_D[D:@\C:P RN:NDRNDT: K TK@DZARN?A RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D
2=:TA ?AHeNRP, CK NK@\TK C:ZDC:P R 2008 QKH:. iN: DC_K=U:[DP <=AHKRN:?@PANRP ?
+GAT?:=N:@\CMW KNZeN:W mACN=:@\CKQK TKU:CHK?:CDP K <A=A<DRD c7&
95
. KQ@:RCK gNDU
H:CCMU ? 2007 QKHI TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, HAYRN?IabDW C: KRCK?A
HKQK?K=K? R _D=U:UD, R TKNK=MUD d:T@aZD@K TKCN=:TNM <=:?DNA@\RN?K l",
<=D^@DdD@KR\ T 40.000 ZA@K?AT. 7 N=AN\AU T?:=N:@A 2008 QKH: DW ZDR@ACCKRN\ RKRN:?D@:

92
Isenberg D. Private Military Contractors as Buzz Lightyear: To Afghanistan and Beyond // Cato Institute.
<http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/private-military-contractors-buzz-lightyear-afghanistan-beyond>
93
Audit of USAID/Afghanistans Oversight of Private Security Contractors in Afghanistan. Audit Report n 5-306-
10-009. 2010. 21 May. <http://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-reports/5-306-10-009-p.pdf>
94
Iraq and Afghanistan. 2011. August.
<http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/cwc/20110929213820/http://www.wartimecontracting.gov/docs/CWC_Final
Report-lowres.pdf>
95
CENTCOM Quarterly Contractor Census Reports <http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/PS/CENTCOM_reports.html>
41

41.232. )KR@A gNKQK ZDR@K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? KRCK?CKU =KR@K (CATKNK=MY R<:H
C:^@aH:@RP @DO\ ?K ?NK=KU T?:=N:@A 2009) ?<@KN\ HK ?NK=KQK T?:=N:@: 2010 QKH:, TKQH:
gNKN <KT:d:NA@\ RKRN:?D@ 112.092 ZA@K?AT: (RU. Q=:_DT).

1 - BVGNSK]UJV ]VU[cOMNZVJ ?1B J 3iFHMN]UHMK (ZVMU[HZU_ ] -m3)
KQ@:RCK H:CCMU, <=D?AHeCCMU ? KNZeNA 2RR@AHK?:NA@\RTKY R@IG^M &KCQ=ARR:
l", ? 2008 QKHI TK@DZARN?K C:WKHPbDWRP ? "_Q:CDRN:CA :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW
RKRN:?D@K ? R=AHCAU 30.100 ZA@K?AT
96
. 6:CCMA K^ :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW, IZ:RN?IabDW ?
:_Q:CRTKY T:U<:CDD, <=D?KHPNRP T:T R=AHCDY <KT:d:NA@\ d: _DC:CRK?MY QKH, <KgNKUI KCD
KN=:G:aNRP C: KNHA@\CKU Q=:_DTA. KKNCARACDA gNDW H:CCMW R DC_K=U:[DAY K TK@DZARN?A
RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, HAYRN?IabDW C: KRCK?A HKQK?K=K? R KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD,
<Kd?K@PAN QK?K=DN\ K NKU, ZNK ? R=AHCAU Z:RNCMW TKCN=:TNCDTK? ^M@K ^K@\OA, ZAU RK@H:N
:UA=DT:CRTKY :=UDD <=DUA=CK C: 40-50%.
4NCKRDNA@\CK =AdTKA I?A@DZACDA :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KYRT ? "_Q:CDRN:CA d: IT:d:CCMY
<A=DKH (2008-2013) <=KDRWKHD@K ? 2009 (R 30.142 ? 2008-U HK 50700 ? 2009-U, NK ARN\
<=DUA=CK C: 68%), : N:TGA ? 2010 (R 50700 ? 2009-U HK 63.400 ? 2010-U, NK ARN\ C: 25% <K
R=:?CACDa R 2009 QKHKU D C: 110% <K R=:?CACDa R 2008-U QKHKU). )KR@A gNKQK
I?A@DZACDP I=K?AC\ :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KYRT ? "_Q:CDRN:CA RD@\CK CA UACP@RP, KRN:?:PR\
<=DUA=CK C: I=K?CA 64.000 ZA@K?AT. )K RKRNKPCDa C: 2013 QKH, RKQ@:RCK DC_K=U:[DD,
TKNK=KY =:R<K@:Q:aN :UA=DT:CRTDA E2, TK@DZARN?K :UA=DT:CRTDW RK@H:N ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA RKRN:?@PAN 66.000 ZA@K?AT, KHC:TK IGA ? 2014 <@:CD=IANRP DW RKT=:bACDA

96
Troop Levels in the Afghan and Iraq Wars, FY2001-2012: Cost and Other Potential Issues // Congressional
Research Service. P. 9 <http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40682.pdf>
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !.
2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013
$
&
'
)
*
+
42

^K@AA ZAU C:<K@K?DCI
97
. $AN=IHCK d:UANDN\, ZNK D <K RKRNKPCDa C: 1 T?:=N:@ 2013
RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ^M@K ^K@AA 100.000 ZA@K?AT. ':TDU K^=:dKU, ? R@IZ:A R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU
c7& KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA UKGCK TKCRN:ND=K?:N\, ZNK TK@DZARN?K
RK@H:N :UA=DT:CRTKY :=UDD ? <A=DKH R 2008 QKH: <K 2013 QKH ^M@K UAC\OA, ZAU
TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, C:CPNMW :UA=DT:CRTDU <=:?DNA@\RN?KU.
&:T Dd?ARNCK, I?A@DZACDA ZDR@: :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW ? "_Q:CDRN:CA RN:@K
R@AHRN?DAU =AOACDP, TKNK=KA ^M@K <=DCPNK /:=:TKU 4^:UKY D P?@P@KR\ Z:RN\a AQK
Dd^D=:NA@\CKY T:U<:CDD. iNK =AOACDA ? R?Ka KZA=AH\ RN:@K Z:RN\a CK?KY RN=:NAQDD
l" ? "_Q:CDRN:CA. KQ@:RCK gNKY RN=:NAQDD KAHDCeCCMU lN:N:U R@AHK?:@K
C:=:RNDN\ R?KD TKCNDCQACNM
98
. )=D gNKU C:HK <KCDU:N\, ZNK <KYND C: I?A@DZACDA ?KYRT
HK I=K?CP, TKNK=MY ^M@ I :UA=DT:C[A? ? 2=:TA (157.800 ZA@K?AT ? 2008 QKHI), CK?:P
:HUDCDRN=:[DP <K <KCPNCMU <=DZDC:U CA UKQ@:. $K UKGCK ^M@K I?A@DZDN\ ZDR@K
TKCN=:TNK? R TKUUA=ZARTDUD TKU<:CDPUD D, T:T R@AHRN?DA, TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7&.
'KQH: <KCPNCKY RN:CK?DNRP NACHAC[DP, TKNK=Ia UKGCK C:^@aH:N\: ? 2008 QKHI ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA C:WKHD@KR\ 30.142 ?KACCMW :=UDD l" D 68.252 RKN=IHCDT: c7&,
d:T@aZD?ODW TKCN=:TNM (? RIUUA 98.394 ZA@K?AT:); ? 2009 QKHI <=KDRWKHDN I?A@DZACDA
:UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW DW IGA 50.700, : ZDR@K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& KRN:eNRP <=DUA=CK NAU
GA 69.197 (? RIUUA 119.897 ZA@K?AT); ? 2010 QKHI TK@DZARN?K :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW
?CK?\ I?A@DZD?:ANRP, CK IGA CA RNK@\ dC:ZDNA@\CK, T:T ? <=AHMHIbAU QKHI, - HK 63.400
ZA@K?AT, : ZDR@K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ?Kd=:RN:AN HK 112.092 ZA@K?AT ?K ?NK=KU T?:=N:@A, NK
ARN\ C: 62% (? RIUUA 175.492 ZA@K?AT:).

2 - BVGNSK]UJV HTK[NZHM]ZNe ]VGOHU J 3iFHMN]UHMK

97
Decision on Afghan Troop Levels Calculates Political and Military Interests // The New York Times. 2013. 12
February. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/us/politics/obama-to-announce-troops-return.html?_r=0>
98
Initial United States Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A) Assesment. 2009. 30 August.
<http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/documents/Assessment_Redacted_092109.pdf>
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
$
&
'
)
*
+
"#$&'))*$,- .0'1#.)$#3
$*&5., ! 689.)#$,.)'
43

':TDU K^=:dKU, d:T@aZ:P CK?MA TKCN=:TNM R c7& D <=D?@AT:P ?Re ^K@\OA DW
RKN=IHCDTK? ? "_Q:CDRN:C, l" =AO:@D 2 <=K^@AUM: T:ZARN?ACCK D TK@DZARN?ACCK
I?A@DZD?:@D R?Ke <=DRINRN?DA C: gNKU NA:N=A ?KACCMW HAYRN?DY; ? NK GA ?=AUP gNK
I?A@DZACDA _K=U:@\CK CA ^M@K C:RNK@\TK =:HDT:@\CMU R <K@DNDZARTKY NKZTD d=ACDP,
:UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K KN<=:?D@K ? "_Q:CDRN:C ?RAQK 30.000 R?KDW RK@H:N, : CA
80.000. 4HC:TK R@AHIAN KNUANDN\, ZNK T:GIbAARP CA RNK@\ T:=HDC:@\CMU <K R=:?CACDa R
K<A=:[DAY ? 2=:TA =AOACDA K^ I?A@DZACDD :UA=DT:CRTKQK <=DRINRN?DP C: 30.000 ZA@K?AT,
H:@KR\ CA?A=KPNCK N=IHCK /:=:TI 4^:UA D Z@AC:U AQK TKU:CHM <=DWKHD@KR\ ^DN\RP
ÎT?:@\CK d: T:GHKQK RK@H:N:, TKNK=KUI <=AHRNKP@K KN<=:?DN\RP ? "_Q:CDRN:C
99
.
'AU CA UACAA, R@AHIAN IZDNM?:N\, ZNK H:@ATK CA ?RA RKN=IHCDTD c7&, C:WKHPbDARP
? "_Q:CDRN:CA <K TKCN=:TN:U R c7&, KT:dM?:?ODUD IR@IQD :UA=DT:CRTKUI EDCDRNA=RN?I
K^K=KCM, P?@PaNRP N:T C:dM?:AUMUD Z:RNCMUD RK@H:N:UD. 7 +GAT?:=N:@\CMW KNZeN:W
mACN=:@\CKQK TKU:CHK?:CDP CA H:eNRP <KH=K^CKY TKCT=ANDd:[DD HAPNA@\CKRND, ?
KRIbARN?@ACDD TKNK=KY d:CPNM ? "_Q:CDRN:CA RKN=IHCDTD c7&. 4HC:TK DUAabDARP
H:CCMA QK?K=PN K NKU, ZNK ? R=AHCAU 20-23% RKN=IHCDTK? d:CPNM ? <=AHKRN:?@ACDD
<KHHA=GTD C: NA:N=A ?KACCMW HAYRN?DY; 33-35% - KÂR<AZD?:aN @KQDRNDZARTDA
<KN=A^CKRND :=UDD l"; 17-20% RKHAYRN?IaN DCGACA=CKUI TK=<IRI; 18-21% ?M<K@CPaN
H=IQDA _ICT[DD (? NKU ZDR@A H@P &KU:CHK?:CDP R<A[D:@\CMW K<A=:[DY :CQ@. Special
Operations Command)
100
. 4NHA@\CK ? :UA=DT:CRTKY RN:NDRNDTA ?MHA@PaNRP RKN=IHCDTD
c7&, ?M<K@CPabDA _ICT[DD, R?Pd:CCMA R KW=:CKY (T:T Z:RNCMW @D[, N:T D TKC?KA? D@D
KôATNK?). ':TK?MA RKRN:?@PaN ? R=AHCAU 15% KN K^bAQK TK@DZARN?: @aHAY, d:T@aZD?ODW
HKQK?K=M R c7&, HAYRN?IabDUD ? =:UT:W =:RRU:N=D?:AUKY ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD. )=DUA=CK
90-95% (: ? CATKNK=MA <A=DKHM D ^K@AA 99%
101
), =:^KN:abDW C: N:TDA TKU<:CDD
RKN=IHCDTK?, KNCKRPNRP T ?KK=IGeCCKUI <A=RKC:@I, NK ARN\ KCD ?KK=IGACM D ? R@IZ:PW
?KdCDTCK?ACDP K<:RCKRND DUAaN <=:?K KNT=M?:N\ KQKC\.
N:NDRNDT: KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK? HA@DN RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, d:T@aZD?ODW R
EDCDRNA=RN?KU K^K=KCM HKQK?K=M C: KT:d:CDA IR@IQ ? =:UT:W K<A=:[DD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA,
<K C:[DKC:@\CKY <=DC:H@AGCKRND C: 3 T:NAQK=DD: Q=:GH:CA l", :_Q:CRTDA Q=:GH:CA, :
N:TGA Q=:GH:CA N=AN\DW (CA l" D CA "_Q:CDRN:C) RN=:C. 7K<=ATD R_K=UD=K?:?OAUIRP
<=D <KUKbD GI=C:@DRNK? UCACDa, TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& Dd N=AN\DW QKRIH:=RN?,

99
Woodward B. Obamas Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.
100
CONTRACTOR SUPPORT OF U.S. OPERATIONS IN THE USCENTCOM AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY,
IRAQ, AND AFGHANISTAN
101
CONTRACTOR SUPPORT OF U.S. OPERATIONS IN THE USCENTCOM AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY,
IRAQ, AND AFGHANISTAN 3Q
44

CDTKQH: CA RKRN:?@P@D ^K@\ODCRN?K ? "_Q:CDRN:CA (DRT@aZACDA 4 T?:=N:@ 2012).
4RCK?CKY <=D=KRN ZDR@ACCKRND ? <A=DKH R 2008 <K 2010 QKH <=KDRWKHD@ DUACCK d: RZeN
<=D?@AZACDP UARNCMW T:H=K?. DNI:[DP RN:@: CARTK@\TK UACPN\RP, C:ZDC:P R N=AN\AQK
T?:=N:@: 2010 QKH:, TKQH: ZDR@ACCKRN\ Q=:GH:C l" D RKN=IHCDTK? Dd N=AN\DW RN=:C
=KR@:, : TK@DZARN?ACCMY I=K?AC\ <A=RKC:@:, C:^D=:AUMY R=AHD UARNCKQK C:RA@ACDP,
RCDG:@RP. 7 DNKQA <K RKRNKPCDa C: N=ANDY T?:=N:@ 2013 QKH: :_Q:C[M <K-<=AGCAUI
RKRN:?@PaN ^K@\ODCRN?K, KHC:TK ? [A@KU C:[DKC:@\CMY RKRN:? HA@DNRP C: 3 KNCKRDNA@\CK
^@DdTDW ? TK@DZARN?ACCKU <@:CA RAQUACN:.

3 - ,.0+13.453&6 '1'7.8 '179;=3+>18 !# 8 ?AB.3+'7.3C
$ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK ^K@\OIa Z:RN\ RKN=IHCDTK? c7& C: NA==DNK=DD "_Q:CDRN:C:
RKRN:?@PaN CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK Q=:GH:CA "_Q:CDRN:C:, HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7& ? gNKY RN=:CA
?MdM?:AN CAHK?K@\RN?K <=AdDHACN: p:UDH: &:=d:P
102
. 6K@QKA ?=AUP KC ?MRT:dM?:@ UCACDA
K CAK^WKHDUKRND IRN:CK?@ACDP <=Kd=:ZCMW <=:?D@ D <=K[AHI=, : N:TGA RKT=:bACDP
<=DRINRN?DP <KHK^CMW RN=ITNI= C: :_Q:CRTKY dAU@A. $ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK RKN=IHCDTD c7&
RKRN:?@P@D KRCK?CKA ZDR@K <A=RKC:@:, d:CPNKQK ? @DZCKY KW=:CA <=AdDHACN: 2R@:URTKY
-AR<I^@DTD, CAHK?K@\RN?K C:RA@ACDP D IT:d:CCMA ?MOA <=K^@AUM <=D?A@D T NKUI, ZNK ?
2012 QKHI ?RNI<D@ ? RD@I d:<=AN C: HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7& C: NA==DNK=DD "_Q:CDRN:C:.
)=AGHA ?RAQK, N:T:P =A:T[DP R?Pd:C: R Q=KUTDUD RT:CH:@:UD, ? TKNK=MW KT:dM?:@DR\
d:UAO:CM RKN=IHCDTD c7&.

102
Karzai to scrap booming private security industry in Afghanistan // The Guardian. 2010. 16 August.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/16/karzai-ends-private-security>
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !.
2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013
$
&
'
)
*
+
:<6
=> ,1',-#3 $,1.)
689.)?@
45

0Z:RNCDT:UD Q=KUTDW RT:CH:@K? RKN=IHCDTD c7& RN:CK?D@DR\ <K =:dCMU
<=DZDC:U. -AZ\ DHeN T:T K^ I^DYRN?:W UD=CMW GDNA@AY, N:T D K TKC_@DTN:W R ?KACCMUD
Dd RN=:C-IZ:RNCDTK? TK:@D[DD. &=KUA NKQK, :UA=DT:CRTDA c7& KNUAND@DR\ Q=I^MUD
C:=IOACDPUD HDR[D<@DCM, : N:TGA C:=IOACDPUD ? Z:RND ÂdK<:RCKRND RK^RN?ACCMW
RKN=IHCDTK? <=D KRC:bACDD DW CAK^WKHDUKY NAWCDTKY D ?KK=IGACDPUD. 2UACCK N:TK?M
C:D^K@AA Q=KUTDA D ND<DZCMA DC[DHACNM, R?Pd:CCMA R c7& D DW RKN=IHCDT:UD ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA. -:RRUKN=DU CARTK@\TK <KHK^CMW R@IZ:A?.
&KU<:CDP /@gTIKNA= P?@PANRP T=I<CAYOAY c7&, IR@IQ:UD TKNK=KY <K@\dK?:@KR\
:UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K. 7UARNA R gNDU TKU<:CDP KHCK?=AUACCK P?@PANRP
T=I<CAYODU <KRN:?bDTKU RT:CH:@K?, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN R <KHK^CKQK =KH: _D=U:UD. &
UKUACNI, TKQH: <=KDdKOe@ H:CCMY DC[DHACN, KC: IGA RUACD@: R?Ke C:d?:CDA C: `D-
e=?DRAR. )=D NKU <=KDdKO@K gNK ÎT?:@\CK d: H?: UARP[: HK K<DRM?:AUMW RK^MNDY. 5
U:P 2009 QKH: C: I@D[:W &:Î@: ZANM=\UP RKN=IHCDT:UD TKU<:CDD ^M@D d:RN=A@ACM H?KA
UD=CMW :_Q:C[A?, <=AH<K@KGDNA@\CK ?Kd?=:b:?ODWRP Dd UAZAND
103
. )K <=KOARN?DD
?=AUACD CD KHDC Dd RKN=IHCDTK? c7& CA <KCeR C:T:d:CDP d: R@IZD?ODYRP DC[DHACN, ZNK
@DOCDY =:d C:RN=KD@K C:RA@ACDA RN=:CM <=KND? Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI=, D Âd NKQK CA
<K@\dIabDWRP :?NK=DNANKU D @a^K?\a I UARNCMW GDNA@AY.
6=IQDU Q=KUTDU R@IZ:AU RN:@K I^DYRN?K OA_: <K@D[DD <=K?DC[DD &:CH:Q:= D
CARTK@\TDW <K@D[AYRTDW K_D[A=K? ? DaCA 2009 QKH:. 7 gNKU <=ARNI<@ACDD <=AdDHACN
"_Q:CDRN:C: p:UDH &:=d:Y K^?DCD@ RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, KHC:TK CDT:TKQK IT:d:CDP C:
C:d?:CDA gNKY c7& CA ^M@K. KQ@:RCK R?AHACDPU, TKNK=MA <=AHRN:?@ACM ? KNT=MNMW
DRNKZCDT:W DC_K=U:[DD, I^DYRN?K :_Q:CRTDW <K@D[AYRTDW <=KDdKO@K ? WKHA <A=ARN=A@TD
UAGHI CDUD D RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&, <=AHKRN:?@P?OAY IR@IQD ? R_A=A KW=:CM (CA
INKZCPANRP, KW=:C: KôATNK? D@D @DZC:P KW=:C:). 4TK@K 40 Z:RNCMW KW=:CCDTK?
?K=?:@DR\ ? dH:CDA )=KTI=:NI=M, TKNK=KA =:R<K@KGACK ? WK=KOK KW=:CPAUKU T?:=N:@A ?
QK=KHA &:CH:Q:=, D <KN=A^K?:@D KR?K^KHDN\ ZA@K?AT:, TKNK=MY K^?DCP@RP ? IQKCA
:?NKUK^D@P D _:@\OD?KUKCANCDZARN?A
104
(<K H=IQDU R?AHACDPU ? <KHHA@TA
HKTIUACNK?
105
). 7K=?:?ODARP ? dH:CDA KW=:CCDTD IQ=KG:@D KR?K^KHDN\ AQK RD@KY, AR@D
DW N=A^K?:CDP CA ÎHIN ?M<K@CACM. $: UARNK <=D^M@D RKN=IHCDTD :_Q:CRTKY <K@D[DD,
C:Z:@\CDT TKNK=KY <K<MN:@RP ?ARND <A=AQK?K=M, CK <KR@A R@K?ARCKY <A=A<:@TD D

103
From the archives: Deadly contractor incident sours Afghans // Los Angeles Times. 2009. 13 August.
<http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-afghan-contractors13-2009aug13,0,4756623.story>
104
Afghan Security Guards Are Blamed in a Gun Battle That Killed a Police Chief // The New York Times. 2009.
29 June. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/world/asia/30afghan.html?_r=0>
105
Afghan president accuses US-trained guards of killing police chief // The Guardian. 2009. 29 June.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/29/karzai-accuses-guards-police-killing>
46

=:dH:?ODWRP RK RNK=KCM KW=:CCDTK? IQ=Kd KNT=MN\ KQKC\ d:?Pd:@:R\ <A=ARN=A@T:. 7
WKHA CAe D ^M@D I^DNM :_Q:CRTDA <K@D[AYRTDA. 7 KN?AN C: K^?DCACDP RK RNK=KCM p:UDH:
&:=d:P ? NKU, ZNK gND KW=:CCDTD =:^KN:@D C: :UA=DT:CRTDA ?KYRT:, <=AHRN:?DNA@D
?KACCKQK TKU:CHK?:CDP l" ? "_Q:CDRN:CA d:P?D@D, ZNK CDTNK Dd :UA=DT:CRTDW RK@H:N
D@D RK@H:N $"'4 CA <=DCDU:@ ? gNKU CDT:TKQK IZ:RNDP
106
. &KUUACN:=DA? <K <K?KHI
NKQK, R TAU ^M@D d:T@aZACM TKCN=:TNM I gNKY c7&, N:TGA CA <KR@AHK?:@K. +HDCRN?ACCKA
d:P?@ACDA, TKNK=KA ^M@K RHA@:CK: iND @aHD HAYRN?K?:@D <K RK^RN?ACCKY DCD[D:ND?A.
&=KUA NKQK, DC[DHACN ^M@ C:d?:C ?CIN=D:_Q:CRTDU (:CQ@. Afghan on Afghan
incident)
107
. &:T D ? H=IQDW R@IZ:PW, R?AHACDY K T:TDW-@D^K C:T:d:CDPW, TKNK=MA <KCAR@D
?DCK?CMA ? gNKU DC[DHACNA D@D K R:CT[DPW ? KNCKOACDD CAC:d?:CCKY c7&, RKN=IHCDTD
TKNK=KY ^M@D ? gNKU d:UAO:CM, CA RKK^b:ANRP. 2d?ARNCK @DO\ NK, ZNK ZA=Ad CARTK@\TK
HCAY <KR@A <=KDROARN?DP, 41 RKN=IHCDT gNKY _D=UM ^M@ d:HA=G:C D =:dK=IGeC, CK
<KCAR@D @D KCD =A:@\CKA C:T:d:CDA, CADd?ARNCK.
+be KHCK Q=KUTKA <=KDROARN?DA, R?Pd:CCKA R RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&, HAYRN?IabAY C:
NA==DNK=DD "_Q:CDRN:C:, N:TGA R@IZD@KR\ ? 2009 QKHI. T:CH:@, TKNK=MY =:dQK=A@RP ?
RACNP^=A 2009 QKH:, ?MP?D@ RIbARN?K?:CDA ? R=AHA c7& CK?KY HAHK?bDCM. $: gNKN =:d
? [ACN=A ?CDU:CDP KT:d:@:R\ c7& "=UK= 1=I<. +e TKCN=:TN, d:T@aZeCCMY R
:UA=DT:CRTDU QKRIH:=RN?KU Abe ? 2007 QKHI, <=AHIRU:N=D?:@ KT:d:CDA IR@IQ <K
KÂR<AZACDa TKU<@ATRCKY ÂdK<:RCKRND <KRK@\RN?: KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK? ? RNK@D[A
"_Q:CDRN:C:, : N:TGA <=D CAK^WKHDUKRND, - TKC?KD=K?:CDA RKN=IHCDTK? <KRK@\RN?:.
cNK^M <KCDU:N\ U:RON:^ HAPNA@\CKRND gNKY TKU<:CDD ? &:Î@A <=D?AHeU R@AHIabDA
[D_=M: ZDR@ACCKRN\ <A=RKC:@: :UA=DT:CRTKQK <KRK@\RN?: C:RZDNM?:@: KTK@K NMRPZD
ZA@K?AT; TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? "=UK= 1=I< - <=D^@DG:@KR\ T <PND RKNCPU
108
. )=D
gNKU H:CC:P c7& OD=KTK DR<K@\dK?:@: ? T:ZARN?A RK^RN?ACCKQK <A=RKC:@: R<A[D:@DRNK?
Dd N=AN\DW RN=:C (CA l" D CA "_Q:CDRN:C). 4RCK?I ? T:ZARN?A =PHK?MW RKN=IHCDTK?
KW=:CM RKRN:?@P@D <=AHRN:?DNA@D C:=KHCKRNAY $A<:@: D 2CHDD. 7K ?RAW C:YHACCMW C:UD
DRNKZCDT:W DW C:dM?:aN CA DC:ZA, T:T QI=TWD. &:T RKK^b:AN $\a-3K=T ':YUR,
<=K^@AUM R TKU<:CDAY "=UK= 1=I< I :UA=DT:CRTKQK <=:?DNA@\RN?: ?KdCDT:@D D =:CAA.
+Y ?MCKRD@D, <K UAC\OAY UA=A, HA?PN\ <=AHI<=AGHACDY D RKK^b:@KR\ K ?KdUKGCKRND
=:RNK=GACDP UCKQKUD@@DKCCKQK TKCN=:TN:
109
. 4HC:TK NK, ZNK ?MPRCD@KR\ ? RACNP^=A 2009

106
Afghan Security Guards Are Blamed
107
Afghan president accuses US-trained guards
108
Misconduct Claimed at U.S. Embassy in Kabul // The New York Times. 2009. 1 September.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/02/world/asia/02embassy.html?_r=1&>
109
Company Kept Kabul Security Contract Despite Record // The New York Times. 2009. 11 September.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/12/world/asia/12secure.html?ref=gurkhas&_r=0>
47

QKH:, <A=AWKHD@K ?RPZARTDA Q=:CD[M. 1I=TWD, TKNK=MA =:^KN:@D C: "=UK= 1=I<
d:P?D@D, ZNK KCD <KH?A=Q:@DR\ =:dCKK^=:dCMU D GARNKTDU DdHA?:NA@\RN?:U RK RNK=KCM
:CQ@KPdMZCMW TK@@AQ. 2W ICDG:@D, d:<IQD?:@D, C:RUAW:@DR\ C:H =A@DQDKdCMUD
ZI?RN?:UD, =:d?AOD?:@D <K T:d:=U:U <@:T:NM R DdK^=:GACDPUD T=MR, R TKNK=MUD
R=:?CD?:@D QI=TWK?. 'AW, TNK KNT:dM?:@RP IZ:RN?K?:N\ ? DdHA?:NA@\RN?:W, ?MRUAD?:@D D
H:GA <=DCDU:@D HDR[D<@DC:=CMA R:CT[DD (?<@KN\ HK I?K@\CACDP). $: _KCA gNKQK NKN
_:TN, ZNK QI=TWD =:^KN:@D ? R=AHCAU C: CARTK@\TK Z:RK? ? HAC\ ^K@\OA, ZAU DW
:CQ@KPdMZCMA TK@@AQD, ?MQ@PHDN CA?DCCK. `:P?@ACDP R G:@K^:UD ? 1KRIH:=RN?ACCMY
HA<:=N:UACN l" D @DZCK QKRRAT=AN:=a pD@@:=D &@DCNKC RK<=K?KGH:@DR\
_KNKQ=:_DPUD, HKT:dM?:?ODUD K^KRCK?:CCKRN\ K^?DCACDY. 4 =A:T[DD pD@@:=D &@DCNKC
CADd?ARNCK. EAGHI NAU, CARUKN=P C: =AdKC:CR, TKNK=MY ?Md?:@K <=KDROARN?DA,
AHDCRN?ACCKA RA=\edCKA C:T:d:CDA, TKNK=KA <KCAR@: TKU<:CDP ? R?PdD R _:TN:UD
HAHK?bDCM, - gNK =:d=M? UCKQKUD@@DKCCKQK TKCN=:TN: R KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD
110
.
2C_K=U:[DD K R:CT[DPW ? KNCKOACDD RKN=IHCDTK? C:YND CA IH:@KR\.
4HCDU Dd C:D^K@AA ÂdK^DHCMW, CK =AdKC:CRCMW RT:CH:@K?, ? TKNK=KU KT:d:@DR\
d:UAO:CM RKN=IHCDTD c7& 6DC&K=<, <=KDdKOe@ ? 2010 QKHI ? <=K?DC[DD &ICHId.
c@ACM <A=RKC:@: TKU<:CDD ^M@D C:CPNM H@P KÎZACDP :_Q:CRTDW <K@D[AYRTDW. 4HC:TK
DW I@DZD@D ? NKU, ZNK ?UARNK ?M<K@CACDP R?KDW K^Pd:CCKRNAY KCD <KTI<:@D C:=TKNDTD D
<=K?KHD@D ?=AUP ? =:d?@AZACDPW, C:CDU:P N:C[IabDW U:@\ZDTK?
111
. KQ@:RCK RN:=KY
N=:HD[DD U:@\ZDTD <A=AKHA?:@DR\ ? KHAGHI HA?KZAT, <KNAO:P R?KDUD N:C[:UD NAW, TNK
<@:ND@ d: gNK. 7 C:RNKPbAA ?=AUP gNK N=:TNIANRP T:T GARNKTKA K^=:bACDA R HAN\UD.
kK=U:@\CK :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K CDT:TKQK KNCKOACDP T gNKUI DC[DHACNI CA
DUA@K, KHC:TK EDCDRN= ?CIN=ACCDW HA@ "_Q:CDRN:C: K^=:ND@RP T <KR@I KAHDCeCCMW
lN:NK? ? RN=:CA, ZNK^M :UA=DT:CRTDA ?@:RND =:dK^=:@DR\ R ?DCK?CDT:UD gNKQK
<=KDROARN?DP. 7 KZA=AHCKY =:d ^M@ <KHCPN ?K<=KR K CAK^WKHDUKRND IGARNKZACDP <=:?D@
D TKCN=K@P d: RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&. )KUDUK gNKQK, R@IG^M, d:CDU:?ODARP =:RR@AHK?:CDAU
DC[DHACN:, <=DO@D T ?M?KHI, ZNK Âd RKHAYRN?DP RK RNK=KCM :_Q:CRTDW <K@D[AYRTDW gNKN
R@IZ:Y ^M@ ^M CA?KdUKGAC. 7 =AdI@\N:NA d: IZ:RNDA ? <=ARNI<@ACDD ^M@D d:HA=G:CM D
:=ARNK?:CM H?KA :_Q:CRTDW <K@D[AYRTDW D Abe HA?PN\ :_Q:C[A?, d:UAO:CCMW ? gNKU. )=D
gNKU RKN=IHCDTD c7& CA <KCAR@D CDT:TKQK C:T:d:CDP, CARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK <=AHRN:?DNA@D

110
Controversial security firm loses Kabul contract // The Washington Post. 2009. 8 December.
<http://voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-eye/2009/12/controversial_security_firm_lo.html>
111
Foreign contractors hired Afghan dancing boys, WikiLeaks reveals // The Guardian. 2010. 2 December.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/02/foreign-contractors-hired-dancing-boys>
48

:_Q:CRTDW ?@:RNAY <=KRD@D C:Z:N\ <=K?A=TI TKU<:CDD 6DC&K=<, N:T T:T KC: C:=PHI R
/@gTIKNA= CA =:d KT:dM?:@:R\ ? [ACN=A Q=KUTDW RT:CH:@K?.
4@AQ 7:@A[TDY ? KHCKY Dd R?KDW RN:NAY I<KUDC:AN CARTK@\TK DCNA=ARCMW _:TNK?,
TKNK=MA ?:GCM H@P C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM. 4C <DOAN, ZNK ? "_Q:CDRN:CA d:<:HCMA c7&
<> <A=?KA ?=AUP =:R<K@:Q:@D @DO\ :?NKU:ODC:UD ND<: 'HGD<', TKNK=MA ? DHA:@A
HK@GCMUD ^MN\ ^=KCD=K?:CCMUD @AQTK?MUD :?NKUK^D@PUD, D @DO\ ? H:@\CAYOAU RN:@D
<=DK^=AN:N\ aGCK:_=DT:CRTDA /'- <> D =PH DU <KHK^CMW R <K?MOACCKY
^=KCD=K?:CCKY d:bDNKY D R TKCIRCMU HCKU
112
. IHP <K ?RAUI, RDNI:[DP, TKQH: c7&
_:TNDZARTD gTKCKUPN C: ÂdK<:RCKRND RK^RN?ACCMW RKN=IHCDTK? P?@PANRP HK?K@\CK
ND<DZCMU D =:R<=KRN=:CeCCMU P?@ACDAU. 6:CCMY _:TN ?:GAC, N:T T:T :C:@KQDZC:P
DRNK=DP DUA@: UARNK ^MN\ ? 2=:TA D P?D@:R\ KHCDU Dd _:TNK=K?, R<KRK^RN?K?:?ODW
?KdCDTCK?ACDa RA=\edCKQK DC[DHACN: RK RUA=NA@\CMU DRWKHKU H@P CARTK@\TDW
RKN=IHCDTK? KHCKY c7&. 7 C:RNKPbAA ?=AUP CATKNK=MUD c7&, TKNK=MA =:^KN:@D ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA D IZ@D CAQ:ND?CMY K<MN <KHK^CKY gTKCKUDD, <=DCPNK =AOACDA K^ IZ:RNDD ?
RKdH:CDD <=KDd?KHRN? CK?KY D@D IGA RIbARN?IabAY ^=KCD=K?:CCKY NAWCDTD H@P
RK^RN?ACCMW CIGH. $:<=DUA=, TKU<:CDP 4R<=A: VKHGDRNDTR (:CQ@. Osprea
Logistics) IGA DC?ARND=K?:@: R=AHRN?: ? RKdH:CDA <=KDd?KHRN?: ^=KCD=K?:CCMW
:?NKUK^D@AY E:U^: R <A=R<ATND?KY =:d=:^KNTD CK?MW K^=:d[K? H:CCKY NAWCDTD
113
.
':TDU K^=:dKU, CAN=IHCK <KCPN\, <KZAUI C:RA@ACDA "_Q:CDRN:C:, D N:T CA
R@DOTKU =:HIOCK ?KR<=DCDU:abAA <=DRINRN?DA DCKRN=:CCMW ?KACCMW ? R?KAY RN=:CA, R
Abe ^K@\ODU CAQ:ND?KU KNCKRDNRP T HAPNA@\CKRND c7& D DW RKN=IHCDTK?. 4^ gNKU
QK?K=PN D =AdI@\N:NM CATKNK=MW DRR@AHK?:CDY. KN=IHCDTD l?AY[:=RTKQK DCRNDNIN:
UD=: ? R?KAY =:^KNA, <KR?PbeCCKY DdIZACDa <=K^@AUM ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP c7& D UARNCKQK
C:RA@ACDP, C: <=DUA=A "_Q:CDRN:C: D "CQK@M HKT:dM?:aN, ZNK c7& D DW RKN=IHCDTD
?KR<=DCDU:aNRP Q=:GH:C:UD ZA=Ad <=DdUI RN=:W: D KbIbACDY CAK<=AHA@eCCKRND
114
. iNK
R?Pd:CK CA NK@\TK D CA RNK@\TK R <=AH?dPNMU KNCKOACDAU T c7& ? <=DC[D<A, CK D R
=A:@\CMUD DC[DHACN:UD, TKNK=MA <=KDRWKHPN <K ?DCA RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. )=D gNKU
HKT:d:NA@\RN?: ?DCM RKN=IHCDTK? KHCKY c7& KN^=:RM?:AN NAC\ CAQ:ND?: CA NK@\TK C:

112
7:@A[TDY 4.7. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD, DW RKdH:CDA D =:d?DNDA K<MN =:^KNM ? 2=:TA, "_Q:CDRN:CA,
"_=DTA D ? H=IQDW =AQDKC:W UD=: // 2C_K=U:[DKCCMY =ARI=R Art of War.
http://artofwar.ru/w/waleckij_o_w/chvk.shtml
113
Mombasa hosts Sh3.5bn plant to make military vehicles // Daily Nation. 2012. 13 November.
<http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Mombasa-hosts-Sh3-5bn-military-vehicle-plant/-/1006/1619418/-
/b4m4vf/-/index.html>
114
Joras U. Schuster A. Private Security Companies and Local Populations: An Exploratory Study of Afghanistan
and Angola // Swiss Peace Institute. 2008.
49

H=IQDA TKU<:CDD, CK D C: ?KDCRTDA TKCNDCQACNM RN=:CM, R TKNK=KY :RRK[DD=IANRP c7&.
)K@KGDNA@\CMW g__ATNK? KN DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& GDNA@D RT@KCCM <=:TNDZARTD CA
d:UAZ:N\.
2.2 ,]`VGQRVJHMNK ?1B J ,[HZK
20 U:=N: 2003 QKH: TK:@D[DD RN=:C ?K Q@:?A R l" C:Z:@: <=K?AHACDA ?KACCKY
K<A=:[DD 2=:TRT:P R?K^KH:. &:T D ? R@IZ:A R "_Q:CDRN:CKU, <A=?:P :TND?C:P _:d:
^KA?MW HAYRN?DY d:TKCZD@:R\ HK?K@\CK ^MRN=K T RA=AHDCA :<=A@P. 4HC:TK D ? 2=:TA
l" RNK@TCI@DR\ R C:RNKPbAY <:=NDd:CRTKY ?KYCKY.
2C_K=U:[DD <K DR<K@\dK?:CDa QKRIH:=RN?:UD c7& ? 2=:TA ^K@\OA, ZAU K @a^MW
H=IQDW R@IZ:PW DW DR<K@\dK?:CDP. K ?=AUACD C:Z:@: K<A=:[DD ? RN=:CA DR<K@\dK?:@KR\
KQ=KUCKA TK@DZARN?K c7&. )K UCACDa 2RR@AHK?:NA@\RTKY R@IG^M &KCQ=ARR: l"
IR@IQD, TKNK=MA <=AHKRN:?@PaN ? 2=:TA c7&, UKGCK =:dHA@DN\ C:: IR@IQD,
<=AH<K@:Q:abDA DR<K@\dK?:CDA ?KK=IGACDP (:CQ@. - armed services), : N:TGA C: IR@IQD,
gNKQK CA <=AHIRU:N=D?:abDA (:CQ@. unarmed services)
115
. ':T:P T@:RRD_DT:[DP CARTK@\TK
KN@DZ:ANRP KN NKY, TKNK=:P DR<K@\dIANRP ? C:RNKPbAY =:^KNA, KHC:TK UM ?MCIGHACM
<K@\dK?:N\RP AY, N:T T:T =AZ\ DHeN K^ :UA=DT:CRTKU DRNKZCDTA. 7 R<DRKT IR@IQ,
<=AH<K@:Q:abDW DR<K@\dK?:CDA K=IGDP, ?WKHPN:
1. 4W=:C: RN:[DKC:=CMW KôATNK? (<=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMA dH:CDP, GD@MA U:RRD?M,
UARN: <=K?AHACDP =:^KN <K =ATKCRN=IT[DD D@D RN=KDNA@\RN?I D H=.);
2. 4W=:C: TKC?KA?;
3. 4W=:C: D RK<=K?KGHACDA Q=I<< @D[;
4. VDZC:P KW=:C: ?MRKTK<KRN:?@ACCMW <A=RKC.
0R@IQD, CA <=AH<K@:Q:abDA <=DUACACDP K=IGDP, ?T@aZD@D ? RA^P:
1. 4<A=:ND?CKA TKK=HDCD=K?:CDA (I<=:?@ACDA [ACN=:UD TKU:CHK?:CDP, TKCN=K@P
D R?PdD);
2. ^K= D :C:@Dd =:d?AHH:CCMW;
3. 4ÎZACDA D@ ÂdK<:RCKRND 2=:T:.
&K@DZARN?K HACAQ, TKNK=MA ?MHA@P@DR\ :UA=DT:CRTDU âHGANKU C: TKCN=:TNM R
c7& <K RKRNKPCDa C: 2008 QKH, dC:ZDNA@\CK ^K@\OA, ZAU ? R@IZ:A R "_Q:CDRN:CKU.
KQ@:RCK R?AHACDPU, <=D?AHeCCMU ? :IHDNK=RTKU KNZeNA H@P <A[D:@\CKQK 1ACA=:@-

115
CRS Report to Congress. Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues //
Congressional Research Service. 2008. 25 August. <http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32419.pdf>
50

2CR<ATNK=: <K ?KRRN:CK?@ACDa 2=:T: C: KTNP^=\ 2008 QKH:, :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K
d:T@aZD@K TKCN=:TNM R c7&, ?MRNI<:?ODUD T:T <KH=PHZDTD D RI^<KH=PHZDTD H@P =:^KNM
? 2=:TA, C: RIUUI 5,9 U@=H. $
116
. 7 KNZeNA IT:d:CK, ZNK ? CAQK ?T@aZACM R?AHACDP K
TKCN=:TN:W, TKNK=MA ^M@D I EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM, 1KRIH:=RN?ACCKQK HA<:=N:UACN: D
"QACNRN?:K l" <K UAGHIC:=KHCKUI =:d?DNDa (:CQ@. USAID). )=D gNKU TKCN=:TNM
EDCDRNA=RN?: aRND[DD, mACN=:@\CKQK =:d?AHM?:NA@\CKQK I<=:?@ACDP, : N:TGA "QACNRN?:
$:[DKC:@\CKY /AdK<:RCKRND R c7& ? gNKU KNZeNA CA KN=:GACM.
KQ@:RCK K[ACT:U, TKNK=MA <=D?KHPNRP ? =:dCMW DRNKZCDT:W, ? D=:TRTKY T:U<:CDD
C: =:dCMW Ae gN:<:W <K TKCN=:TN:U R KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD ^M@K d:HAYRN?K?:CK CA
UACAA 60 c7& Dd =:dCMW RN=:C UD=: N:TIa [D_=I <=D?KHD@: :UA=DT:CRT:P RZeNC:P
<:@:N: ? 2005 QKHI
117
. "IHDNK=RTDY KNZeN, IGA I<KUDC:?ODYRP ?MOA, <=D?KHDN [D_=I ?
93 _D=UM <K RKRNKPCDa C: 2008 QKH
118
. 7 :UA=DT:CRTDW E2 ? 2008 QKHI <KP?D@:R\
DC_K=U:[DP K 310 _D=U:W, <K@IZD?ODW TKCN=:TNM KN l" C: =:^KNI ? 2=:TA
119
. &:T
UKGCK ?DHAN\, gND H:CCMA dC:ZDNA@\CK KN@DZ:aNRP KN K_D[D:@\CMW. 7A@DT: ?A=KPNCKRN\
NKQK, ZNK GI=C:@DRNM ? <KQKCA d: RACR:[DAY ?T@aZD@D ? DNKQK?MA R?AHACDP D TKCN=:TNM, R
KHCKY D NKY GA _D=UKY, CK d:T@aZD?OAY DW ? =:dCMA <A=DKHM ?=AUACD. 'KZCMW H:CCMW
K^ DRNDCCKU TK@DZARN?A c7& ? 2=:TA CAN HK RDW <K=, <KgNKUI R NKZCKRN\a UKGCK
IN?A=GH:N\ NK@\TK NK, ZNK <=AHKRN:?@PAN K_D[D:@\C:P RN:NDRNDT:, NK ARN\, ZNK ?=AUP
<=K?AHACDP K<A=:[DD 2=:TRT:P R?K^KH: :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K d:T@aZD@K N:TDW
TKCN=:TNK? CA UACAA ZAU R OARN\a HARPNT:UD Z:RNCMW _D=U. )=D gNKU <K RKRNKPCDa C:
2008 QKH TKCN=:TNM, TKNK=MA <=KWKHD@D <K RN:N\PU NK@\TK âHGAN: EDCDRNA=RN?:
K^K=KCM D 1KRIH:=RN?ACCKQK HA<:=N:UACN:, d:T@aZ:@DR\ R 20 _D=U:UD
120
.
7 KN@DZDA KN K<A=:[DD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, ? R@IZ:A R TKNK=KY <KR@A 2008 QKH: ^M@:
<=K?KdQ@:OAC: CK?:P RN=:NAQDP, <KH=:dIUA?:?O:P I?A@DZACDA TK@DZARN?: :UA=DT:CRTDW
?KYRT ? gNKY RN=:CA, ? 2=:TA ? IT:d:CCMY <A=DKH RDNI:[DP ^M@: K^=:NCKY: ?M?KH ?KYRT.
'AU ?:GCAA <=AHRN:?@PANRP <=KR@AHDN\ RDNI:[Da R DdUACACDAU ZDR@ACCKQK RKRN:?:
RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, HAYRN?K?:?ODW ? gNKY RN=:CA, C: _KCA RKT=:bACDP :UA=DT:CRTKQK
TKCNDCQACN: ? 2=:TA.

116
Comprehensive Plan For Audits of Private Security Contractors to Meet the Requirements of Section 842 of
Public Law 110-181 // Office of The Special Inspector General For Iraq Reconstruction. 2009. 8 May.
<http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/Section_842.pdf>
117
Rebuilding Iraq. Actions Needed to Improve Use of Private Security Providers // United States Government
Accountability Office. 2005. July <http://www.gao.gov/assets/250/247252.pdf>
118
Comprehensive Plan For Audits <http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/Section_842.pdf>
119
Report on Iraq Security Lists 310 Contractors // The New York Times. 2008. 28 October.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/29/world/middleeast/29protect.html?_r=0>
120
CRS Report to Congress. Private Security Contractors in Iraq P.4
51

6GA=AUD TgYWD@@ ? R?KAY TCDQA NKZCK d:UAZ:AN, ZNK TKQH: N:CTD KAHDCeCCMW
lN:NK? ?KO@D ? /:QH:H, KCD DUA@D d: RK^KY :=UDa Z:RNCMW TKCN=:TNCDTK?, T:TKY CA
^M@K CD ? KHCKY ?KYCA HK gNKQK
121
. )KRNA<ACCK TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? 2=:TA
I?A@DZD?:@KR\. iNK <=KDRWKHD@K <K UA=A CAK^WKHDUKRND D <K UA=A I?A@DZACDP
TK@DZARN?: _D=U, HAYRN?K?:?ODW ? gNKY RN=:CA. 6:CCMA K TK@DZARN?A <A=RKC:@: c7&,
d:HAYRN?K?:CCKQK <=D <=K?AHACDD gNKY K<A=:[DD, C:ZDC:P R 2008 QKH:, T:T D ? R@IZ:A R
"_Q:CDRN:CKU, UKGCK <KZA=<CIN\ Dd +GAT?:=N:@\CMW KNZeNK? mACN=:@\CKQK
TKU:CHK?:CDP K <A=A<DRD c7&
122
. KQ@:RCK gNKY DC_K=U:[DD, ? ZAN?e=NKU T?:=N:@A 2008
QKH: TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? 2=:TA RKRN:?D@K 163.446 ZA@K?AT D ? H:@\CAYOAU
CAIT@KCCK RCDG:@KR\.

4 - BVGNSK]UJV ]VU[cOMNZVJ ?1B J ,[HZK (ZVMU[HZU_ c -m3)
7 2007 QKHI <=AdDHACN l" 6GK=HG /IO KôP?D@ K <A=ARUKN=A RN=:NAQDD l" ?
2=:TA
123
. $K?:P RN=:NAQDP, ? NKU ZDR@A, <=AHIRU:N=D?:@: I?A@DZACDA ?KDCRTKQK
TKCNDCQACN: ? gNKY RN=:CA. & 2008 QKHI TK@DZARN?K :UA=DT:CRTDW RK@H:N, C:WKHD?ODWRP ?
2=:TA, ? R=AHCAU RKRN:?D@K 157.800 ZA@K?AT
124
. &:T UKGCK ?DHAN\ C: <=AHRN:?@ACCKU
CDGA Q=:_DTA, TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? gNKU QKHI ^M@K CAUCKQDU CDGA, ZAU ZDR@K
:UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW (<KR@AHCDW ^M@K C: 6,2% ^K@\OA). 7K<=ATD IN?A=GHACDPU
(K<:RACDPU) GI=C:@DRNK?, IN?A=GH:?ODW, ZNK ?M?KH ?KYRT <=KDdKYHeN @DO\ _K=U:@\CK, :
:UA=DT:CRTIa :=UDa ? 2=:TA d:UACPN c7&, gNKQK CA <=KDdKO@K. &KQH: C:Z:@KR\

121
Scahill J. Op. cit. P. 17.
122
Quarterly Reports
123
Bush G.W. The New Strategy in Iraq: Primetime Address to the Nation. 2007. 10 January.
<http://www.presidentialrhetoric.com/speeches/01.10.07.html>
124
Troop Levels in the Afghan and Iraq Wars P. 9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !.
2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013
$
&
'
)
*
+
52

<KgN:<CKA RKT=:bACDA :UA=DT:CRTKQK TKCNDCQACN: ? 2=:TA, ZDR@ACCKRN\ RKN=IHCDTK?
c7& ? gNKY RN=:CA N:TGA <KO@: C: R<:H. 7 DNKQA, ? 2009 QKHI TK@DZARN?K ?KACCMW
RKRN:?D@K 135.600 ZA@K?AT, : ZDR@K <A=RKC:@: c7& RCDdD@KR\ HK 132.610 ZA@K?AT. 'K ARN\
:UA=DT:CRTDW RK@H:N ? 2=:TA ^M@K <K-<=AGCAUI CAUCKQDU ^K@\OA, ZAU RKN=IHCDTK? c7&
(C: 2,2)%. & TKC[I 2009 QKH: <=KDdKO@K Abe ^K@AA =AdTKA RKT=:bACDA ZDR@: RK@H:N :=UDD
l" ? 2=:TA HK 88.300 ZA@K?AT (C: 35%). $K D TK@DZARN?K <A=RKC:@: c7& <=KHK@G:@K
RCDG:N\RP, RKRN:?D? T <A=?KUI T?:=N:@I 2010 QKH: 100.035 ZA@K?AT, ZNK <=A?MO:@K ZDR@K
:UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW C: 13,3%. 7 2010 QKHI ? 2=:TA Abe KRN:?:@KR\ 42.800
?KACCKR@IG:bDW :=UDD l" (RKT=:bACDA C: 51,5% <K R=:?CACDa R <=AHMHIbDU
<A=DKHKU). 7 NK GA ?=AUP T ZAN?e=NKUI T?:=N:@I 2010 QKH: ZDR@ACCKRN\ <A=RKC:@: c7&
RKRN:?D@: 74.106 ZA@K?AT, <=A?MRD? TK@DZARN?K ?KACCMW C: 73%. 6K KTKCZ:NA@\CKQK
?M?KH: ?KYRT ? HAT:^=A 2011 QKH: ? 2=:TA Abe KRN:?:@DR\ 4.100 ?KACCKR@IG:bDW D 52.637
RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, KHC:TK IGA <KR@A ?M?KH: :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KYRT Dd 2=:T:, D DW
TK@DZARN?K =:HDT:@\CK RKT=:ND@KR\ K<IRND?ODR\ CDGA I=K?CP ? 10.000 ZA@K?AT. )K
RKRNKPCDa C: 1 T?:=N:@ 2013 QKH: ? 2=:TA <=KHK@G:aN =:^KN:N\ 8.449 ZA@K?AT, C:CPNMW
c7&, R TKNK=MUD I l" d:T@aZACM TKCN=:TNM.

5 #14+*C'781 .EC9+>.3'>+F '14=.7 8 H9.>C
6APNA@\CKRN\, TKNK=Ia KRIbARN?@PaN RKN=IHCDTD c7& ? 2=:TA, ? R=:?CACDD R
H:CCMUD, DUAabDUDRP <K "_Q:CDRN:CI, =:ROD_=K?M?:ANRP ^K@AA <KH=K^CK. 7 NK GA
?=AUP K_D[D:@\C:P DC_K=U:[DP Dd +GAT?:=N:@\CMW KNZeNK? mACN=:@\CKQK TKU:CHK?:CDP
RKK^b:AN K NKU, ZNK ? R=AHCAU ? 2008-2012 QKH:W KTK@K 60% (+/- 8%) RKN=IHCDTK? c7&
d:CDU:@DR\ KÂR<AZACDAU /:dK?KY <KHHA=GTD (:CQ@. Base support); 5-10% ^M@D d:CPNM ?
R_A=A <A=A?KHZARTKY HAPNA@\CKRND; <=DUA=CK N:TKA GA TK@DZARN?K @aHAY KT:dM?:@K
N=:CR<K=NCMA IR@IQD <K d:T:dI EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM; @KQDRNDTKY D RC:^GACDAU
d:CDU:@DR\ UACAA 1%; KÎZACDAU N:TGA UACAA 1%; <KHHA=GTKY TKUUICDT:[DY (:CQ@.
communication support) KTK@K ? R=AHCAU 1-2%; KÂR<AZACDAU ÂdK<:RCKRND (security -
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
$
&
'
)
*
+
"#$&'))*$,- .0'1#.)$#3
$*&5., ! 689.)#$,.)'
53

@DZC:P KW=:C:, KW=:C: TKC?KA? D KôATNK?) KN 8 HK 18% (? =:dCMA <A=DKHM ?=AUACD).
)=D gNKU C:D^K@\ODW ? KNCKRDNA@\CKU ?M=:GACDD dC:ZACDY ?KK=IGeCCMY <A=RKC:@
c7&, KÂR<AZD?:abDY ÂdK<:RCKRN\, HKRNDQ:@ ? <A=DKHM, TKQH: dC:ZDNA@\CK RKT=:b:@KR\
TK@DZARN?K :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW D K^bAY ZDR@ACCKRND RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, NK ARN\
RKT=:bACDA KW=:CCDTK? <=KDRWKHD@K ? <KR@AHCaa KZA=AH\ D ^K@AA UAH@ACCMUD
NAU<:UD.
)K R=:?CACDa R H:CCMUD, TKNK=MA ^M@D <=AHRN:?@ACM KNCKRDNA@\CK "_Q:CDRN:C:,
=:d@DZDY ? <KHWKH:W T RDRNAU:NDd:[DD C:[DKC:@\CKY <=DC:H@AGCKRND <A=RKC:@: c7&,
<=D?@AT:AUKQK ? WKHA K<A=:[DD ? 2=:TA, CA KNUAZACK. 7 +GAT?:=N:@\CMW KNZeN:W KCD
N:TGA HA@PNRP C: 3 T:NAQK=DD: Q=:GH:CA l", D=:TRTDA Q=:GH:CA, : N:TGA Q=:GH:CA
N=AN\DW RN=:C (CA l" D CA 2=:T). 7 KN@DZDA KN RDNI:[DD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, ? D=:TRTKU
R@IZ:A Q=:GH:CA N=AN\DW RN=:C ? KRCK?CKU RKRN:?@P@D ^K@\ODCRN?K. 7 4 T?:=N:@A 2008
QKH: DW TK@DZARN?K ?M=KR@K R 62.650 HK 72.109 ZA@K?AT, <=A?MRD? TK@DZARN?K D=:TRTDW
Q=:GH:C, =:^KN:abDW ? c7&. )=D gNKU DW TK@DZARN?K RKT=:b:@KR\ ?UARNA R K^bDU
RCDGACDAU ZDR@ACCKRND RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, CK CA N:TDUD NAU<:UD, T:T ? R@IZ:A R
Q=:GH:C:UD 2=:T:, d:T@aZD?ODUD TKCN=:TNM R c7& DW TK@DZARN?K RCDG:@KR\ CA RNK@\
<@:?CK. $:D^K@AA =AdTDY RT:ZKT ?CDd <=KDdKOe@ ? <A=?KU T?:=N:@A 2009 QKH: R 63.292
HK 37.913 ZA@K?AT (<KZND C: 60%), ? NK ?=AUP T:T ZDR@K RKN=IHCDTK? Q=:GH:C
KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK? I?A@DZD@KR\ R 28.045 HK 39.262 ZA@K?AT (<KZND C: 40%), :
TK@DZARN?K <A=RKC:@: Dd N=AN\DW RN=:C RKT=:ND@KR\, CK @DO\ R 72.109 HK 70.875
ZA@K?AT (C: 1,7%). 7<@KN\ HK 1 T?:=N:@: 2012 QKH: TK@DZARN?K <A=RKC:@: c7& Dd
N=AN\DW RN=:C <=KHK@G:@K, CARUKN=P C: RKT=:bACDP, KRN:?:N\RP ^K@\ODU, ZAU Q=:GH:C
2=:T: D@D KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK?. 7 C:RNKPbDY UKUACN RDNI:[DP KRN:eNRP <=AGCAY, D
RKN=IHCDTK? Dd N=AN\DW RN=:C <K-<=AGCAUI <=DUA=CK C: 50% ^K@\OA, ZAU :UA=DT:C[A?
D@D D=:T[A?. ':TDU K^=:dKU, l" CA RN=AUD@DR\ HK^DN\RP RDNI:[DD, TKQH: :UA=DT:CRTDW
Q=:GH:C ^M@K ^M ^K@\OA, ZAU RKN=IHCDTK?, C:^D=:AUMW Dd UARNCKQK C:RA@ACDP D@D Dd
N=AN\DW RN=:C. )=D gNKU KNT=MNMU KRN:eNRP ?K<=KR K <=DZDC:W =:d@DZDP C:[DKC:@\CKQK
RKRN:?: RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? :_Q:CRTKY D D=:TRTKY K<A=:[DPW.
54

6 - ,.0+13.453&6 '1'7.8 '179;=3+>18 !# 8 H9.>C
':TDU K^=:dKU, CARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? 2=:TA C:
<=KNPGACDD <KR@AHCDW @AN ?KACCKQK <=DRINRN?DP l" ? gNKY RN=:CA, ^M@K ? R=AHCAU
^K@\OA, ZAU RK@H:N :UA=DT:CRTKY :=UDD, <KR@A <=DCPNDP =AOACDP K <KRNA<ACCKU ?M?KHA
?KYRT ZDR@ACCKRN\ <A=RKC:@: c7& RCDdD@:R\. 2 WKNP <KR@A KTKCZ:NA@\CKQK ?M?KH: ?KYRT
Dd 2=:T:, N:U <K-<=AGCAUI HAYRN?IaN c7& R K^bDU ZDR@KU RKN=IHCDTK? ? <=AHA@:W 8-10
NMRPZ, RT:d:N\, ZNK Z:RNCMA ?KACCMA d:UACD@D RK^KY ?KACCKR@IG:bDW :=UDD
KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK?, CA@\dP. l" <K-<=AGCAUI d:DCNA=ARK?:CM ? ?KRRN:CK?@ACDD
D=:TRTKQK QKRIH:=RN?: D H@P HKRNDGACDP gNKY [A@D KCD DR<K@\dIa c7&, TKNK=MA
<=KHK@G:aN <KHQKNK?TI T:H=K? D=:TRTDW RD@K?MW RN=ITNI=, : N:TGA ?M<K@CPaN DCMA
_ICT[DD D d:H:ZD. 2 gNK IGA CA P?@PANRP DR<K@\dK?:CDAU DW ? <=K?AHACDD K<A=:[DD
K<A=:[DP 2=:TRT:P R?K^KH: d:?A=OAC:.
`:?A=OD?O:PRP T:U<:CDP ? 2=:TA H:@: KQ=KUCMY _:TNDZARTDY U:NA=D:@ H@P
:C:@Dd:. =AHD <=KZAQK, =AZ\ DHeN K UCKQKZDR@ACCMW Q=KUTDW DC[DHACN:W, IZ:RNCDT:UD
TKNK=MW KT:dM?:@DR\ RKN=IHCDTD c7&. iND R@IZ:D ?UARNA R H=IQDUD H:CCMUD Abe HK@QK
ÎHIN DdIZ:N\RP gTR<A=N:UD H@P ?MP?@ACDP <=DZDC D =:d=:^KNTD UAW:CDdUK? DR<=:?@ACDP
RDNI:[DD. -:RRUKN=DU CARTK@\TK C:D^K@AA P=TDW <=DUA=K? NAW <=KDROARN?DY, TKNK=MA
DUA@D UARNK ? 2=:TA.
&CDQ: 6GA=AUD TgYWD@@: C:ZDC:ANRP R K<DR:CDP DC[DHACN:, <=KDdKOAHOAQK ?
2004 QKHI ? D=:TRTKU QK=KHA k:@@IHG:. iNKN R@IZ:Y UKGCK RZDN:N\ C:D^K@AA Dd?ARNCMU
D =AdKC:CRCMU. 31 U:=N: 2004 QKH: ZAN?A=K RKN=IHCDTK? :UA=DT:CRTKY c7& /@gTIKNA=
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !. 2 !. 3 !. 4 !. 1 !.
2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013
$
&
'
)
*
+
:<6
=> ,1',-#3 $,1.)
=1.?@
55

<K<:@D ? d:R:HI D ^M@D I^DNM. $:<:H:?ODA C:H=IQ:@DR\ C:H DW NA@:UD D <KH?ARD@D C:
UKRNI. 6GA=AUD TgYWD@@ d:UAZ:AN, ZNK ? NKQH:OCDW Q:dANCMW RN:N\PW GI=C:@DRNM RN:@D
?R<KUDC:N\ K H=IQKU R@IZ:A, <=KDdKOAHOAU ? 1993 QKHI <:HACDD ?A=NK@eN: /@gT pKIT,
TKQH: RKU:@DYRTDA ^KA?DTD d:W?:ND@D NA@: :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KACCMW
125
. 4HC:TK, T:T <DOAN
:?NK=, C: gNKN =:d ?Re KN@DZ:@KR\. $: RAY =:d I^DNMA :UA=DT:C[M CA ^M@D CD ?KACCMUD,
CD Q=:GH:CRTDUD, T:T <KR<AOD@D C:<DR:N\ UCKQDA Q:dANM. iNKN DC[DHACN RN:@ <A=?MU ?
ZA=AHA =AdKC:CRCMW RK^MNDY, TKNK=MA RHA@:@D HKRNKPCDAU Q@:RCKRND N:TKA <KCPNDA T:T
c7& R=AHD OD=KTDW R@Ke? :UA=DT:CRTKQK (D CA NK@\TK) K^bARN?:.
7:GCKRN\ H:CCKQK DC[DHACN: <KHZe=TD?:AN NKN _:TN, ZNK ZA=Ad 4 HCP <KR@A d:R:HM
D d?A=RTKQK I^DYRN?: RKN=IHCDTK? /@gTIKNA= C:Z:@:R\ N:T C:dM?:AU:P )A=?:P ^DN?: d:
k:@@IHGI. )=AH<KRM@TD H@P <=K?AHACDP gNKY C:RNI<:NA@\CKY K<A=:[DD RIbARN?K?:@D D
=:CAA, CK <KR@A <I^@DT:[DD ?DHAKd:<DRAY <KH?AOACCMW C: UKRNI NA@ :UA=DT:CRTDW
Q=:GH:C ^M@K =AOACK H:N\ KNU:OTI H@P C:Z:@: ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY <K IRN:CK?@ACDa
:UA=DT:CRTDUD ?KYRT:UD TKCN=K@P C:H QK=KHKU. &=KUA NKQK, K dC:ZDUKRND D ?MRKTKY
RNA<ACD =AdKC:CR: gNDW RK^MNDY R?DHANA@\RN?IAN D NKN _:TN, ZNK :UA=DT:CRTDY &KCQ=ARR
<=K?KHD@ DW =:RR@AHK?:CDA, DNKQD TKNK=KQK ^M@D K<I^@DTK?:CM ? 2007 QKHI
126
.
7MPRCD@KR\, ZNK TKU<:CDP <KUDUK TKCN=:TNK? R :UA=DT:CRTDU <=:?DNA@\RN?KU, DUA@: C:
NKN UKUACN N:TGA HAYRN?IabDA HKQK?K=M R Z:RNCKY TI?AYNRTKY TKU<:CDAY. )KQDÔDA
RKN=IHCDTD, ?KdUKGCK, ?M<K@CP@D d:H:ZD <K TKC?KD=K?:CDa D KW=:CA DUACCK H@P
Z:RNCKQK d:T:dZDT: ? IbA=^ TKCN=:TNI R l". /K@AA NKQK, T:T RN:@K Dd?ARNCK, DC[DHACN
<=KDdKOe@ ? UKUACN, TKQH: ^=DN:CRT:P TKU<:CDP &KCN=K@ -DRT 1=I<< (:CQ@. Control
Risk Group) <A=AH:?:@: HA@: :UA=DT:CRTKY TKU<:CDD, K ZeU ^M@: HKRNDQCIN:
HKQK?K=eCCKRN\ 12 U:=N: 2004 QKH:. "UA=DT:CRT:P c7& CA <KR@AHK?:@: DCRN=IT[DPU,
TKNK=MA ^M@D <A=AH:CM AY ^=DN:CRTDUD TK@@AQ:UD. &=KUA NKQK, RKN=IHCDTD /@gTIKNA=
<A=AH?DQ:@DR\ C: R@:^K d:bDbeCCMW :?NKUK^D@PW, : CA C: ^=KCD=K?:CCMW HGD<:W, C:
TKNK=MW, <K =AOACDa UACAHGUACN:, =AOACK ^M@K RgTKCKUDN\.
7 KNZeNA ARN\ IT:d:CDP C: CAHKRN:NTD ? <@:CD=K?:CDD UDRRDD, TKNK=Ia ?M<K@CP@D
RKN=IHCDTD c7&, : N:TGA C: KNRINRN?DA T:=N QK=KH:, ZNK N:TGA P?D@KR\ <=DZDC:UD, <K
TKNK=MU @aHD <K<:@D ? d:R:HI (DU <=DO@KR\ ?KR<K@\dK?:N\RP T:=N:UD GPS, TKNK=MA
<=AH@:Q:@D C:D^K@AA TK=KNTDY <IN\, CK CA IZDNM?:@D ?KACCIa K^RN:CK?TI ? QK=KHA).
KQ@:RCK DNKQK?KUI KNZeNI, T=KUA KNRINRN?DP N=:CR<K=N: R ^=KCeY CAK^WKHDUKQK I=K?CP,

125
126
Private Military Contractors in Iraq: an Examination of Blackwaters Actions in Fallujah // United States House
of Representatives. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. 2007. September. <http://www.c-
span.org/pdf/blackwater100207.pdf>
56

RKN=IHCDTD /@gTIKNA= CA <K@IZD@D KN TKU<:CDD d:<=:OD?:AUKQK K=IGDP, ? NKU ZDR@A
<DRNK@ANM 1@KTT D ?DCNK?TD M4, : ZDR@K RKN=IHCDTK?, TKNK=MW <@:CD=K?:@D
d:HAYRN?K?:N\ <=D ?M<K@CACDD UDRRDD, RKT=:ND@D R OARND HK ZANM=eW. 2d R=AHRN? R?PdD I
CDW ^M@ NK@\TK R<INCDTK?MY NA@A_KC, D KCD H:GA CA UKQ@D KN@DZDN\ :UA=DT:CRTDY
^@KT<KRN KN D=:TRTKQK
127
.
2C[DHACN 31 U:=N: 2004 QKH: ? QK=KHA k:@@IHG: <KRN:?D@ RA=\edCMA ?K<=KRM K^
KNRINRN?DD ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI c7& D ?KACCMUD, : N:TGA K^ g__ATND?CKRND
DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& ? IR@K?DPW, TKQH: KCD CA ?M<K@CPaN =PH: N=A^K?:CDY ÂdK<:RCKRND D
RC:^GACDP RK^RN?ACCMW RKN=IHCDTK?.
6=IQKY Q=KUTDY DC[DHACN R RKN=IHCDT:UD /@gTIKNA= <=KDdKOe@ 4 :<=A@P 2004
QKH: ? D=:TRTKU QK=KHA "C-$:HG:_. iNKUI R@IZ:a 6GA=AUD TgYWD@@ <KR?Pb:AN [A@Ia
Q@:?I R?KAY TCDQD D K<DRM?:AN AQK KZAC\ <KH=K^CK, N:T T:T KC KZAC\ CAKHCKdC:ZAC. 6A@K ?
NKU, ZNK, R KHCKY RNK=KCM, C: gNKN =:d RKN=IHCDTD /@gTIKNA= RN:@D IZ:RNCDT:UD IH:ZCK
KN^DNKY :N:TD, <KT:d:? RA^P T:T R<A[D:@DRNK? ?MRKTKQK I=K?CP, R H=IQKY GA RNK=KCM, DW
K^?DCD@D ? =:RRN=A@A UD=CMW Q=:GH:C.
2C[DHACN <=KDdKOe@ ÎT?:@\CK ZA=Ad CARTK@\TK HCAY <KR@A R@IZ:P ? k:@@IHGA. $:
gNKN =:d Q=I<<: RKN=IHCDTK? /@gTIKNA= RK?UARNCK R <KH=:dHA@ACDAU :UA=DT:CRTKY
UK=RTKY <AWKNM IZ:RN?K?:@: ? KN=:GACDD T=I<CKY :N:TD C: <=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMY T?:=N:@,
TKNK=:P <=KDdKO@: ?K ?=AUP U:RRK?KQK RTK<@ACDP @aHAY ? gNKU =:YKCA
128
. 0Z:RN?K?:?ODA
? KN=:GACDD :N:TD RKN=IHCDTD c7& RKQ@:RCK R?KAUI TKCN=:TNI ?M<K@CP@D IR@IQD <K
KW=:CA ON:^-T?:=ND= KTTI<:[DKCCMW RD@, D DUACCK KCD TKCN=K@D=K?:@D =PH
<=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMW dH:CDY, <KH?A=QODWRP C:<:HACDa. 7K ?=AUP <=KDROARN?DP C: UARNA
C:WKHD@DR\ ?KRAU\ ?KK=IGeCCMW RKN=IHCDTK? TKU<:CDD D OARNA=K UK=RTDW <AWKNDC[A?
:=UDD l". )=D gNKU RKQ@:RCK <KT:d:CDPU R?DHANA@AY D ?DHAKd:<DRPU, TKNK=MA ^M@D
RHA@:CM C: UARNA RK^MNDY, TKK=HDCD=K?:@D HAYRN?DP D _:TNDZARTD TKU:CHK?:@D
KN=:GACDAU :N:TD DUACCK RKN=IHCDTD /@gTIKNA=
129
. C:^GACDA D <KH?Kd ^KA<=D<:RK?
?K ?=AUP ^KP KRIbARN?@P@DR\ N:TGA ?A=NK@eN:UD TKU<:CDD, ZNK WK=KOK ?DHCK C:
RHA@:CCKY RKN=IHCDT:UD /@gTIKNA= ?DHAKd:<DRD
130
.
$ARUKN=P C: NK, ZNK H:CCMY DC[DHACN UKGCK ^M@K ^M d:<DR:N\ ? :TND? TKU<:CDD
/@gTIKNA= NKN _:TN, ZNK ? WKHA ^KP <KRN=:H:@K ^K@AA 100 UD=CMW D=:T[A?, : R=AHD

127
Ibidem.
128
129
Blackwater in Najaf // Youtube. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNZP2DpGRTU>
130
Najaf Iraq Blackwater Firefight // Youtube. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaJYlk4z5RQ>
57

I^DNMW ^M@D HIWK?CMA UIRI@\U:CRTDA @DHA=M
131
, R<KRK^RN?K?:@ RKdH:CDa CAQ:ND?CKQK
K^=:d: TKU<:CDD, T:T R=AHD D=:T[A?, N:T D ? :UA=DT:CRTKU K^bARN?A. )KR@A gNKQK
TKU<:CDP D Ae RKN=IHCDTD Abe CA =:d ÎHAN <K<:H:N\ ? =:d@DZCKQK =KH: DRNK=DD,
RN:CK?PR\ KôATNKU C:<:HKT, KHC:TK <A=A@KUCMU UKUACNKU P?DNRP DC[DHACN R
=:RRN=A@KU 17 UD=CMW Q=:GH:C ? RNK@D[A 2=:T: ? RACNP^=A 2007 QKH:
132
. )KR@A gNKQK
R@IZ:P <=:?DNA@\RN?K l" <=DCP@K UA=M <K d:T@aZACDa TKCN=:TN: R H=IQKY TKU<:CDAY
('=:Y<@ &gCK<D)
133
.
6=IQKY DC[DHACN, <=KDdKOAHODY R RKN=IHCDT:UD TKU<:CDD `:<:N: (:CQ@.
Zapata), @DOCDY =:d <KHZA=TCI@, ZNK I=K?AC\ ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP c7&, DW RKN=IHCDTK? R
RD@:UD TK:@D[DD CAK^MZ:YCK CDdKT. c7& `:<:N: DUA@: TKCN=:TN C: <=AHKRN:?@ACDA
IR@IQ <K ?KK=IGeCCKY KW=:CA D I<=:?@ACDa W=:CD@Db:UD d:W?:ZACCMW ^KA<=D<:RK?.
6AYRN?K?:@: TKU<:CDP ? CAÂdMd?ARNCKU C:U QK=KHA k:@@IHG:, ? TKNK=KU C: NKN UKUACN
(U:Y 2005 QKH:) :TND?CK HAYRN?K?:@D RC:Y<A=M. 7 HAC\, TKQH: <=KDdKOe@ DC[DHACN, 16
?KK=IGeCCMW RKN=IHCDTK? D CARTK@\TK ZA@K?AT NAWCDZARTKQK <A=RKC:@: H?DQ:@DR\ <K
HK=KQA ? QK=KH ? RKRN:?A N=:CR<K=NCKY TK@KCCM, RKRNKP?OAY Dd CARTK@\TDW HGD<K?. )K
R@K?:U RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, <=D <=D^@DGACDD T &)), TKCN=K@D=K?:?OAURP UK=RTDUD
<AWKNDC[:UD l", ? KHCKU Dd :?NKUK^D@AY @K<CI@: ODC:. $: &)) TKC?Ka <=DT:d:@D
KRN:CK?DN\RP. )=DZDCKY P?D@DR\ <KHKd=ACDP RK RNK=KCM T:<DN:C: UK=RTKY <AWKNM ? NKU,
ZNK RK RNK=KCM TKC?KP ?e@RP KQKC\ <K RNK=KGA?KY ^:OCA. 7RAW, TNK ^M@ ? TKC?KA, ?dP@D
<KH RN=:GI
134
. 6A@K ? NKU, ZNK HCeU =:CAA ?KACCMA <K@IZD@D DC_K=U:[Da K C:<:HACDPW
C: &)) CADd?ARNCMW @aHAY, <A=AH?DQ:?ODWRP C: :C:@KQDZCMW N=:CR<K=NCMW R=AHRN?:W.
<IRNP CARTK@\TK HCAY ?RAW RKN=IHCDTK? TKU<:CDD `:<:N: ?M<IRND@D. 6:@\CAYOAQK
=:d^D=:NA@\RN?: gNKQK HA@: CA <=KDRWKHD@K.
7UARNA R NAU H:CCMY DC[DHACN <KHCP@ =PH ?:GCMW ?K<=KRK?. 7K-<A=?MW,
RKN=IHCDTD c7& CA DUA@D CDT:TDW K<KdC:?:NA@\CMW dC:TK? D@D dC:TK? KN@DZDP, TKNK=MA
^M <Kd?K@D@D KN@DZDN\ DW KN <=KRNK ?KK=IGeCCMW @aHAY. 0R@MO:? d?IT @K<CI?OAY
ODCM, ?KACCMA UKQ@D D KNT=MN\ <K CDU KQKC\. 7K-?NK=MW, UK=RTDA <AWKNDC[M C: &))
CDT:T CA ^M@D <=AHI<=AGHACM K <=D^@DGACDD T CDU TKC?KP, N:T T:T CDT:TDW T:C:@K?
R?PdD UAGHI ?KACCMUD D RKN=IHCDT:UD c7& CA ^M@K. 7Re gNK RKdH:eN <KZ?I H@P

131
Scahill J. Op.cit. P. 194.
132
Letter for Secretary of State. Monitoring Responsibilities for Serious Incidents Involving Private Security
Contractors Once U.S. Military Forces Leave Iraq Have Not Been Determined (SIGIR 11-019) // Special Inspector
General For Iraq Reconstruction. <http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/11-019.pdf>
133
Source: Firm to take over Blackwater/XEs Iraq contract // CNN Politics
<http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/04/01/us.iraq.security/>
134
Marines Jail Contractors in Iraq // Corp Watch. 2005. 7 June. <http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=12349>
58

?KdCDTCK?ACDP RDNI:[DY KQCP <K R?KDU, TKNK=MW T:T ? 2=:TA, N:T D ? "_Q:CDRN:CA ^M@K
CAU:@K. 6=IQ:P <=K^@AU:, TKNK=Ia ?MP?D@ H:CCMY DC[DHACN, R?Pd:C: RK ?=AUACAU
<=A^M?:CDP RKN=IHCDTK? `:<:N: ? Na=\UA. 6A@K ? NKU, ZNK KW=:CP?ODA DW UK=RTDA
<AWKNDC[M <=DO@D ? CAHKIUACDA, IdC:?, ZNK RKN=IHCDTD c7& <K@IZ:aN HK 200 NMRPZ $ ?
QKH. 4CD CA <KCDU:@D, <KZAUI gND RIUUM C:UCKQK ^K@\OA, ZAU I ?M<K@CPabDW
:C:@KQDZCMA _ICT[DD RK@H:N. 2 gNK ?:GCK, <KNKUI ZNK HK?K@\CK ^K@\O:P Z:RN\
RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ^M?ODA ?KACCMA D H:GA ^KY[M g@DNCMW <KH=:dHA@ACDY (? R@IZ:A R
TKU<:CDAY `:<:N: 8 RKN=IHCDTK? ^M@D ^M?ODUD <AWKNDC[:UD, T:T D NA, TNK Dd
d:HA=G:@)
135
.
7 R?PdD R ^K@\ODU TK@DZARN?KU DC[DHACNK? R RKN=IHCDT:UD c7& ? 2=:TA D
=AdKC:CRKU, TKNK=MY KCD ?MdM?:@D, ? 2009 QKHI H@P 1ACA=:@\CKQK DCR<ATNK=: ^M@
<KHQKNK?@AC :IHDNK=RTDY KNZeN, ? TKNK=KU HA@:@DR\ ?M?KHM K CAK^WKHDUKRND DdUACACDP
RDRNAUM =A:QD=K?:CDP <=D ?KdCDTCK?ACDD DC[DHACNK?, R?Pd:CCMW R c7&
136
. &=KUA NKQK, ?
IGA I<KUPCINKU C:UD ?MOA <DR\UA 1KRIH:=RN?ACCKUI RAT=AN:=a KNCKRDNA@\CK
KN?ANRN?ACCKRND d: RA=\edCMA DC[DHACNM R c7&, N:TGA QK?K=DNRP K CAK^WKHDUKRND
DdIZACDP H:CCKQK ?K<=KR: D H:eNRP T=:NTDY <@:C ?MWKH: Dd R@KGD?OAQKRP NI<DT:
137
. $A
?H:?:PR\ ? <KH=K^CKRND K<DR:CDP =ATKUACHK?:CCMW ? gNDW HKTIUACN:W DdUACACDY,
R@AHIAN KNUANDN\, ZNK :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K C:UA=ACK =AO:N\ R@AHIabDA
KRCK?CMA d:H:ZD H@P RKT=:bACDP ? ÎHIbAU TK@DZARN?: <KHK^CMW DC[DHACNK?:
<K@CKRN\a ÎHAN <A=ARUKN=AC: <=K[AHI=: K<K?AbACDP K R:UDW DC[DHACN:W, ZNK^M
RKT=:NDN\ ?=AUP =A:T[DD ? R@IZ:A ?KdCDTCK?ACDP Z=Ad?MZ:YCKY RDNI:[DD; ÎHAN
=:RRU:N=D?:N\RP ?K<=KR K <K?MOACDD I=K?CP ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP D TKUUICDT:[DY UAGHI
?KYRT:UD D RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&; ÎHAN K<=AHA@AC: RDRNAU: <KHZDCACDP RKN=IHCDTK? c7&
?KACCKUI TKU:CHK?:CDa, ZAQK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ CA RIbARN?IAN.
':TDU K^=:dKU, <=DUA= DR<K@\dK?:CDP KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD c7& ? H?IW
K<A=:[DPW HAUKCRN=D=IAN, ZNK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ I=K?AC\ <=D?@AZACDP QKRIH:=RN?KU
Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= H@P ?M<K@CACDP ?KACCMW _ICT[DY CAK^MZ:YCK ?MRKT. &K@DZARN?K
?MHA@PAUMW R=AHRN? D TKU<:CDY, <=D?@AT:AUMW H@P gNKQK KZAC\ ?A@DTK. cDR@ACCKRN\ GA
RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? gNDW H?IW ?KACCMW T:U<:CDPW d:Z:RNIa ?MOA, ZAU TK@DZARN?K
RK^RN?ACCK T:H=K?MW ?KACCMW. )=D gNKU CA C:^@aH:ANRP <K<MNTD d:UACDN\ RKN=IHCDT:UD
c7& ?KACCMW <=D ?M?KHA ?KYRT Dd 2=:T:. 7UARNA R NAU <=D <K?MOACDD ZDR@ACCKRND

135
Ibidem.
136
Audit of USAID/Iraqs Oversight of Private Security Contractors in Iraq. Audit Report nE-267-09-002-P. 2009.
4 March. <http://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-reports/e-267-09-002-p.pdf>
137
Letter for Secretary of State. Monitoring Responsibilities for Serious Incidents
59

:UA=DT:CRTDW RK@H:N ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& I?A@DZD@KR\ Abe
^K@AA, ZNK QK?K=DN K NKU, ZNK I RK?=AUACCKQK QKRIH:=RN?: UKGAN ?KdCDT:N\ <KN=A^CKRN\
TKU<ACRD=K?:N\ <=D <KUKbD <A=RKC:@: c7& K^bIa CAW?:NTI ?KYRT. KN=IHCDTD c7&,
<KUDUK ?M<K@CACDP R?KDW K^Pd:CCKRNAY, HK?K@\CK Z:RNK KT:dM?:aNRP IZ:RNCDT:UD
Q=KUTDW RT:CH:@K? R:UKQK =:dCKQK W:=:TNA=:, D ? ^K@\OKU TK@DZARN?A R@IZ:A? CA CARIN
RA=\edCKQK C:T:d:CDP d: gNK.
60

1@:?: 3
!VGQ N RMHSKMNK ?1B `[N `[VJKOKMNN FV]cOH[]UJVT RH[cXKlM_e
V`K[HPNb
$: <=DUA=A ?KACCMW T:U<:CDY, TKNK=MA <=K?KHD@D l" ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA,
^M@K <KT:d:CK, ZNK gND R@IZ:D P?D@DR\ ÂR<=A[AHACNCMUD <K R?KAUI U:RON:Î R NKZTD
d=ACDP DR<K@\dK?:CDP KNHA@\CK ?dPNMU QKRIH:=RN?KU c7& ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW.
)=DUA= DR<K@\dK?:CDP KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD c7& ? gNDW H?IW K<A=:[DPW P?@PANRP
C:D^K@AA W:=:TNA=CMU D <KT:d:NA@\CMU ? Z:RND <KHK^CKQK K<MN:. &K@DZARN?K
RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, : N:TGA _DC:CRK?, TKNK=MA ^M@D <KN=:ZACM KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD
C: d:T@aZACDA TKCN=:TNK?, KQ=KUCK.
)=D?AHeCCMA _:TNM <KT:dM?:aN U:RON:^ <=D?@AZACDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?KU, TKQH:
?KdCDT:AN CAK^WKHDUKRN\ =AO:N\ TKCT=ANCMA d:H:ZD ? WKHA ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD. k:TNK=M,
TKNK=MA KÂR<AZD@D ?KdUKGCKRN\ <KP?@ACDP D Î=CKQK =:d?DNDP =MCT: Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
IR@IQ ? [A@KU <KCPNCM, D K CDW ^M@K RT:d:CK ? <A=?KY Q@:?A C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM. 4HC:TK
H@P NKQK, ZNK^M <KCPN\ <=DZDCM, <K TKNK=MU QKRIH:=RN?: QKNK?M Z:RNDZCK <A=AH:?:N\
_ICT[DD, RZDN:abDARP DUACCK QKRIH:=RN?ACCKY <=A=KQ:ND?KY D TKNK=MA C:WKHPNRP ?
?AHACDD ?KACCMW ?AHKURN?, CAK^WKHDUK <=K:C:@DdD=K?:N\ <=D?AHeCCMA _:TNM. 6@P
KN?AN: C: ?K<=KR, <KZAUI DUACCK RAQKHCP QKRIH:=RN?: RNK@\ :TND?CK DR<K@\dIaN c7&,
CAK^WKHDUK <=K:C:@DdD=K?:N\ DdUACACDP ? R@AHIabDW R_A=:W, R?Pd:CCMW R
?KK=IGeCCMUD RD@:UD: <K@DNDTK-RK[D:@\CKY D gTKCKUDZARTKY, : N:TGA, ZNK R:UKA
Q@:?CKA, ?KACCKY R_A=A (W:=:TNA= D R<KRK^M ?AHACDP ?KYCM). @AHK?:NA@\CK, CAK^WKHDUK
=:dK^=:N\RP, ? ZeU d:T@aZ:ANRP Q@:?C:P ?MQKH: QKRIH:=RN?: KN DR<K@\dK?:CDP N:TDW
RN=ITNI= T:T c7&. )=D?AHeCCMA ?K ?NK=KY Q@:?A <=DUA=M <KT:dM?:aN, ZNK <=D?@AZACDA
c7& T ?KACCMU K<A=:[DPU CADdÂGCK RKdH:eN <=K^@AUM. =:?CACDA KRCK?CMW <@aRK? D
UDCIRK? DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7&, ? RKZAN:CDD R :C:@DdKU KRCK?CMW KRKÂCCKRNAY
RK?=AUACCKY ?KACCKY R_A=M, ?T@aZ:abAY ? RA^P T:T W:=:TNA= ?KYC, N:T D <=DC[D<M
<=DCPNDP RN=:NAQDZARTDW =AOACDY, <Kd?K@PaN H:N\ KN?ANM C: DCNA=ARIabDA C:R ?K<=KRM.
$: KRCK?A :C:@Dd: ? C:RNKPbAY Q@:?A H:eNRP KN?AN C: ?K<=KRM K =K@D D dC:ZACDD
c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD QKRIH:=RN?KU d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY. 6@P gNKQK CAK^WKHDUK KN?ANDN\
C: ?K<=KRM K ?MQKHA D <=K^@AU:W, TKNK=MA KNT=M?:AN DR<K@\dK?:CDA Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI=.
61

3.1 VGNUNZV-]VPNHGQM_K N nZVMVTNSK]ZNK V]MVJHMNa N NRTKMKMNa,
]`V]VX]UJckjNK `VJ_pKMNk NMUK[K]H FV]cOH[]UJH Z N]`VGQRVJHMNk ?1B
&:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK, d: <KR@AHCDA H?: HARPND@ANDP <=KDdKOe@ =PH DdUACACDY ?
7KK=IGeCCMW RD@:W ?AHIbDW RN=:C UD=:. iND DdUACACDP CA KQ=:CDZD?:aNRP
RKT=:bACDAU ZDR@ACCKRND :=UDY D âHGANK?, DdUACACDY R:UKQK K^=:d: ?KYCM, :
R@AHK?:NA@\CK RN=:NAQDD, N:TNDTD D TKC[A<[DD ?AHACDP ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY. 7KdUKGCK, H:GA
^K@AA ?:GCMU ? RK?=AUACCMW IR@K?DPW P?@PANRP KNCKOACDA Q=:GH:CRTKQK K^bARN?: T
<KNA=PU, TKNK=MA CAReN :=UDP QKRIH:=RN?: ? ?KYCA CAd:?DRDUK KN Ae [A@AY D <=DZDC.
&KCAZCK, ? RN=:C:W R HAUKT=:NDZARTDU IRN=KYRN?KU D =:CAA T RK^RN?ACCMU <KNA=PU
KNCKRD@DR\ dC:ZDNA@\CK R ^K@\ODU ?CDU:CDAU D H:GA N=A<ANKU, ZAU ? QKRIH:=RN?:W R
:?NK=DN:=CMUD D, NAU ^K@AA, NKN:@DN:=CMUD =AGDU:UD. 4HC:TK <K@DNDZARTKA
=ITK?KHRN?K NAW GA l" ?K ?=AUAC: 7\ANC:URTKY ?KYCM UKQ@K dC:ZDNA@\CK <=KbA
<=DCPN\ =AOACDA K^ KN<=:?TA T=I<CMW TKCNDCQACNK? RK^RN?ACCKY :=UDD H@P <=K?AHACDP
?KACCMW K<A=:[DY. $A@\dP I<IRT:N\ Dd ?CDU:CDP, ZNK TKCN=K@\ <K@DNDTK?, :, dC:ZDN, D
K^bARN?: C:H ?KACCMUD IRD@D@RP d: <KR@AHCAA RNK@ANDA
138
. 1=:GH:CRTDY TKCN=K@\ D
K^bARN?ACCKA UCACDA RIbARN?K?:@D, IZDNM?:@DR\ <K@DNDZARTDU =ITK?KHRN?KU @a^KY Dd
HAUKT=:NDZARTDW RN=:C, CK ?Re GA ? UAC\OAY RNA<ACD, ZAU RAQKHCP.
':TDA DdUACACDP R?Pd:CM, <=AGHA ?RAQK, R DRZAdCK?ACDAU UKbCKQK
DHAK@KQDZARTKQK, <K@DNDZARTKQK D ?KACCKQK ?=:Q:, T:TK?MU P?@P@RP -.
DRZAdCK?ACDAU IQ=KdM ? @D[A K?ANRTKQK Kad: D TKUUICDdU:, ^K=\^KY R TKNK=MU UKGCK
^M@K KôPRCDN\ KN<=:?TI RK^RN?ACCMW ?KYRT d: =IÂG, : N:TGA K<=:?H:CCKRN\ GA=N?
R=AHD RK^RN?ACCMW ?KACCMW, d:<:HCMU QKRIH:=RN?:U RN:@K dC:ZDNA@\CK R@KGCAA <K@IZ:N\
KHK^=ACDA R?KAQK K^bARN?: C: <=DUACACDA RD@M ? KNCKOACDD H=IQDW RN=:C.
cI?RN?DNA@\CKRN\ K^bARN?: T IZ:RNDa ? ?KACCMW HAYRN?DPW @a^KQK U:RON:^: D
DCNACRD?CKRND <K?MRD@:R\, RN:@K CA<KCPNCK, d:ZAU DR<K@\dK?:N\ RD@I. +R@D <=DCPN\ C:
?A=I DHAa K NKU, ZNK C:RNI<D@ TKCA[ DRNK=DD <K UANTKUI ?M=:GACDa k=gCRDR:
kITIPUM, AR@D ^K@\OA CAN DHAK@KQDZARTD K^KRCK?:CCMW <=KND?KRNKPCDY, : ? UD=A ?
[A@KU =:R<=KRN=:CD@:R\ d:<:HC:P @DÂ=:@\C:P HAUKT=:NDP, NK ?M?KH K NKU, ZNK
?KK=IGeCCMA RD@M RK?RAU CA CIGCM, T:GANRP @KQDZCMU.
4HC:TK KT:d:@KR\, ZNK HAYRN?DNA@\CKRN\ RD@\CK KN@DZ:ANRP KN C:=DRK?:CCKY
_D@KRK_KU T:=NDCM. 7 =A:@\CKRND, TK@DZARN?K TKC_@DTNK? I?A@DZD@KR\, ?Kd=KR@:
CARN:^D@\CKRN\ ?K ?ReU UD=A. )=D gNKU, K^bARN?K UCKQDW RN=:C `:<:H: KT:d:@KR\

138
Nielsen S. C. Political Control Over The Use of Force : a Clausewitzian Perspective // Strategic Studies Institute.
2001. May. <http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub349.pdf>
62

CAQKNK?K T NKUI, ZNK^M =:RRN:N\RP R D@@adDAY NKQK, ZNK ?KYC ^K@\OA CA ÎHAN, : :=UDP,
AR@D D CIGC:, NK NK@\TK CA^K@\O:P D <=K_ARRDKC:@\C:P (TKCN=:TNC:P). ':T ? +?=K<A CA
KRN:@KR\ T=I<CMW <=DdM?CMW :=UDY. 2011 QKH: D 1A=U:CDP, TKNK=:P ?K ?=AUAC:
pK@KHCKY ?KYCM P?@P@:R\ T=I<CAYOAY D <A=AHK?KY :=UDAY `:<:HCKY +?=K<M, TKNK=:P
HK@GC: ^M@: ?RN:N\ C: <IND TKUUICDdU:, KNT:d:@:R\ KN ?RAK^bAY ?KDCRTKY <K?DCCKRND
139
.
6ARPN\a QKH:UD =:CAA <=DdM? ^M@ KNUACeC D ?K k=:C[DD. 7 KAHDCeCCMW lN:N:W D
7A@DTK^=DN:CDD <A=A?KH :=UDD C: TKCN=:TNCIa KRCK?I RKRNKP@RP Abe =:C\OA, ZNK N:TGA
KNZ:RND R?Pd:CK R KNRINRN?DAU IQ=KdM OD=KTKU:RON:^CKQK ?NK=GACDP C: NA==DNK=Da
gNDW RN=:C. 7 +?=K<A C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ NK@\TK CARTK@\TK RN=:C RKW=:CPaN <=DC[D<
TKU<@ATNK?:CDP :=UDD, KRCK?:CCMY C: ?RAK^bAY ?KDCRTKY <K?DCCKRND: $K=?AQDP, 6:CDP,
l?AY[:=DP, "?RN=DP, 1=A[DP, kDC@PCHDP
140
. )=D gNKU N:TKY <=DC[D< TKU<@ATNK?:CDP ?
gNDW RN=:C:W P?@PANRP RTK=AA H:C\a N=:HD[DPU, : :=UDD gNDW RN=:C <=AHRN:?@PaN RK^KY
RK[D:@\CMY DCRNDNIN. &=KUA NKQK, :=UDD gNDW RN=:C CA QKNK?PNRP T KN=:GACDa
OD=KTKU:RON:^CKY :Q=ARRDD, <A=AH CDUD RNKPN DCMA, Z:RNK CA^KA?MA d:H:ZD.
EAGHI NAU, <K R@K?:U KNAZARN?ACCKQK gTR<A=N: "@ATR:CH=: p=:UZDWDC:, I
TKCN=:TNCMW ?KACCKR@IG:bDW ^K@\ODCRN?: A?=K<AYRTDW RN=:C I=K?AC\ UKND?:[DD D
QKNK?CKRND IZ:RN?K?:N\ ? KNCKRDNA@\CK T=I<CKY ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD R@DOTKU CDdKT, ZNK^M
UKGCK ^M@K =:RRZDNM?:N\ C: N:TIa :=UDa ? R@IZ:A ?KdCDTCK?ACDP =A:@\CKY IQ=KdM
141
.
)=DdM?C:P :=UDP R<KRK^C: =AO:N\ DCMA d:H:ZD D KN?AZ:N\ ? KRCK?CKU C: N=:HD[DKCCMA
?MdK?M. )=D gNKU QKRIH:=RN?:U <K-<=AGCAUI CAK^WKHDUK =AO:N\ OD=KTDY R<ATN= R:UMW
=:dCKK^=:dCMW d:H:Z: T:T N=:HD[DKCCMW IQ=Kd, N:T D <=DC[D<D:@\CK CK?MW ?MdK?K?.
<=:?DN\RP R DW =AOACDAU Âd <=DUACACDP ?KACCKY RD@M CA?KdUKGCK. $: RAQKHCPOCDY
HAC\ KCD RN:@D H:GA ^K@AA R@KGCMUD, ZAU ?K ?=AUAC: pK@KHCKY ?KYCM D N=AÎaN
TKU<@ATRCKQK =AOACDP, KHC:TK K^ gNKU =AZ\ <KYHeN CDGA.
cDR@ACCKRN\ ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@ RN=:C `:<:H: C: <=KNPGACDD <KR@AHCDW H?:H[:ND
@AN ? [A@KU CAIT@KCCK RKT=:b:ANRP. 7 NKU ZDR@A D ? <KR@AHCDA N=D QKH:
142
. 2 gNDU KCD CA
RK^D=:aNRP KQ=:CDZD?:N\RP. ':T, C:<=DUA=, 7A@DTK^=DN:CDP RKQ@:RCK <@:C:U,
Dd@KGACCMU ? N=:NAQDZARTKU K^dK=A <K 4^K=KCA D /AdK<:RCKRND (:CQ@. Strategic
Defence and Security Review) C:UA=AC: <=KHK@G:N\ RKT=:bACDA ZDR@ACCKRND @DZCKQK

139
1A=U:CDP KNUACPAN ?RAK^bDY ?KDCRTDY <=DdM? // 7KACCMY K^Kd=A?:NA@\. 2011. 26 U:P.
<http://warsonline.info/inostrannie-armii/germanii-otmenyaet-vseobschiy-voinskiy-priziv.html>
140
U. C:<=. The Military Balance // The International Institute for Strategic Studies. Chapter 10. Country
Comparisons force levels and economics. 2013.
141
142
The Military Balance P. 42-48.
63

RKRN:?: :=UDD, _@KN:, :?D:[DD, : N:TGA Q=:GH:CRTKQK <A=RKC:@:. &=KUA NKQK, <@:CD=IANRP
<=KHK@GDN\ K<NDUDd:[Da d:N=:N D RKT=:bACDA ?KACCKQK âHGAN: RN=:CM
143
. "C:@KQDZC:P
RDNI:[DP RT@:HM?:ANRP D ? H=IQDW T=I<CMW A?=K<AYRTDW RN=:C:W: k=:C[DD D 1A=U:CDD.
7KACCMY âHGAN l" ?<A=?MA d: HK@QDA QKHM N:TGA ÎHAN I=Ad:C
144
. -:dIUAANRP, gNK
R?Pd:CK H:@ATK CA NK@\TK R NAU, ZNK <=:?DNA@\RN?:U RN=:C `:<:H: R@DOTKU N=IHCK
UKND?D=K?:N\ CAK^WKHDUKRN\ I?A@DZACDP D@D RKW=:CACDP ?KACCMW =:RWKHK? C: <=AGCAU
I=K?CA, - ? <KR@AHCDA QKHM C: gNKN <=K[ARR RD@\CK ?@DPAN R@KGC:P _DC:CRK?K-
gTKCKUDZART:P RDNI:[DP, R@KGD?O:PRP ? UD=A. /K@AA NKQK, T:T <KHZe=TD?:ANRP ?
AGAQKHCKU KNZeNA NKTQK@\URTKQK DCRNDNIN: DRR@AHK?:CDP <=K^@AU UD=:, <KR@AHCDA
<K@NK=: HARPND@ANDP K^bAUD=K?MA ?KACCMA =:RWKHM CAIT@KCCK =KR@D, : DW RKT=:bACDA ?
2012 QKHI R?Pd:CK DUACCK RK RCDGACDAU N=:N C: K^K=KCI ? A?=K<AYRTDW RN=:C:W D l",
NKQH: T:T ? H=IQDW =AQDKC:W UD=: KNUAZAC =KRN ?KACCMW d:N=:N (/@DGCDY 7KRNKT, ]QK-
7KRNKZC:P "dDP D H=.)
145
. 4HC:TK ?RA gND <=K[ARRM R?Pd:CM D, ÎHIZD R@KGACM ?KAHDCK,
<=D?KHPN DUACCK T N:TKY RDNI:[DD, <=D TKNK=KY KQ=KUCKY <=K^@AUKY H@P QKRIH:=RN?:
P?@PANRP K^KRCK?:CDA CAK^WKHDUKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP RK^RN?ACCMW ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@ ?
?KACCMW K<A=:[DPW.
2N:T, H:GA <=D NKU, ZNK ? ^K@\ODCRN?A d:<:HCMW RN=:C IGA <=KDdKOe@ <A=AWKH C:
TKCN=:TNCMY (D@D T:T gNK <=DCPNK C:dM?:N\ ? -KRRDD <=K_ARRDKC:@\CMY) <=DC[D<
TKU<@ATNK?:CDP 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@, <=DUACPN\ :=UDa ? K<A=:[DPW d: Q=:CD[AY, ?Re =:?CK
CA RN:@K <=KbA. )KR@A 11 RACNP^=P I <=:?DNA@\RN? d:<:HCMW RN=:C <=AGHA ?RAQK l" D
7A@DTK^=DN:CDD <KP?D@KR\ <=KRN=:CRN?K H@P U:Ce?=: ? Z:RND DR<K@\dK?:CDP
RK^RN?ACCMW ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@. ':T, ^M@D C:Z:NM T:U<:CDD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA.
4HC:TK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ @KdICQ ^K=\^M R NA==K=DdUKU H:GA ? l" IGA CA P?@PANRP
HKRN:NKZCMU H@P K^KRCK?:CDP OD=KTKU:RON:^CKQK <=DUACACDP RK^RN?ACCKY :=UDD <=D
<=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY. 7 A?=K<AYRTDW RN=:C:W K^KRCK?:N\ D <=DCPN\ <KHK^CKA
=AOACDA Abe N=IHCAA, H:GA AR@D =AZ\ DHeN K^ IZ:RNDD ? K<A=:[DD [A@KY TK:@D[DD RN=:C
: ? <KR@AHCDA HARPND@ANDP T=I<CMA K<A=:[DD KZAC\ =AHTK <=K?KHPNRP KNHA@\CMUD
QKRIH:=RN?:UD (DRT@aZACDP RKRN:?@PaN ?KYCM, TKNK=MA ?AHeN 2d=:D@\, : N:TGA
=KRRDYRTK-Q=IdDCRTDY TKC_@DTN 2008 QKH:).

143
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: Strategic Defence and Security Review. 2010.
<http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/documents/digitalasset/dg_191634.
pdf>
144
Sequastration // U.S. Department of Defense <http://www.defense.gov/home/features/2013/0213_sequestration/>
145
Military Expenditure Database // Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2013.
64

)=K_ARRK= &K@DC 1=gY ? R?KAY =:^KNA H@P 2CRNDNIN: N=:NAQDZARTDW
2RR@AHK?:CDY <KH=K^CK =:RT=M?:AN ?K<=KR K^ DR<K@\dK?:CDD ?KACCKY RD@M T:T
DCRN=IUACN: <K@DNDTD ? RK?=AUACCKU UD=A
146
. 4C <DOAN K NKU, ZNK RAQKHCP T:T CDTKQH:
=:CAA RN:CK?DNRP <K<I@P=CKY DHAP K NKU, ZNK CAK^WKHDUK DR<K@\dK?:N\ N:T C:dM?:AUIa
UPQTIa RD@I. )K UCACDa :?NK=:, gNK <=KDRWKHDN <K CARTK@\TDU <=DZDC:U. )=D?AHeU
@DO\ KRCK?CMA Dd CDW:
1. =KRN I?:GACDP T ICD?A=R:@\CMU K^bAZA@K?AZARTDU [ACCKRNPU; 2. DR<K@\dK?:CDA
RD@M CA HA@:AN ÎHIbAA ^K@AA <=AHRT:dIAUMU; 3. DR<K@\dK?:CDA ?KACCKY RD@M CA
P?@PANRP :^RK@aNCKY ?A@DZDCKY. iNK dC:ZDN, ZNK, ? d:?DRDUKRND KN TI@\NI=M D
K^RNKPNA@\RN?, ÎHAN =:dCDN\RP D g__ATND?CKRN\ <=DUACACDP GeRNTKY RD@M; 4. UCKQKA,
N:T D@D DC:ZA, <K-<=AGCAUI d:?DRDN KN NKQK, C:RTK@\TK =AODNA@\CMUD D GeRNTDUD
P?@PaNRP <K@DNDTD ? KNCKOACDD <=DUACACDP ?KACCKY RD@M. " KCD d:Z:RNIa <=KRNK CA
QKNK?M <=DÂQCIN\ T gNKUI R=AHRN?I; 5. @a^:P ?KYC: <=AH<K@:Q:AN C:@DZDA GA=N? D
RUA=ND, <KgNKUI RAQKHCP @a^MA HDRTIRRDD K CAK^WKHDUKRND DR<K@\dK?:N\ RD@I
C:NMT:aNRP C: :=QIUACNM K NKU, ZNK ?KYC: gNK GARNKTKRN\
147
.
)=D gNKU 1=gY <DOAN K NKU, ZNK UPQT:P RD@: CA UKGAN ?RA=\ed =:RRU:N=D?:N\RP
T:T :@\NA=C:ND?: GeRNTKY ?KACCKY RD@A
148
. @AHK?:NA@\CK, UCACDA K NKU, ZNK KC:
P?@PANRP N:TK?KY, KOD^KZCK D NK@\TK <K=KGH:AN N=IHCKRND <=D <=DCPNDD =AOACDY. 'K
ARN\ ? RDNI:[DPW, TKQH: <=DUACACDA ?KACCKY RD@M, <K RIbARN?I, Âd:@\NA=C:ND?CK,
<K@DNDTD <MN:aNRP C:YND H=IQKY R<KRK^, R?Pd:CCMY R GeRNTKY RD@KY, d:Z:RNIa NA=PP
H=:QK[ACCKA ?=AUP. 4HDC Dd KRCK?CMW ?M?KHK?, TKNK=MA DRR@AHK?:NA@\ HA@:AN ? R?KAY
=:^KNA, d:T@aZ:ANRP ? NKU, ZNK UPQTIa D GeRNTIa RD@I CAK^WKHDUK DR<K@\dK?:N\
RK?UARNCK, : CA =:dHA@PN\ DW DRTIRRN?ACCK.
':TDU K^=:dKU, RAQKHCP <=:?DNA@\RN?:U R@KGCK HK^DN\RP KHK^=ACDP K^bARN?: C:
IZ:RNDA ? ?KACCKY T:U<:CDD. 2RT@aZACDPUD Dd gNKQK <=:?D@: P?@PaNRP R@IZ:D, TKQH: C:
<=DUACACDA RD@M DUAANRP U:CH:N 44$. +?=K<AYRTDA RN=:CM HK?K@\CK ^MRN=K <=DCP@D
=AOACDP C: C:[DKC:@\CKU I=K?CA ? R@IZ:PW K<A=:[DY ? VD?DD D E:@D <KR@A NKQK, T:T
HK^=K H:@: 44$. 6A@K CA ? NKU, ZNK H:CC:P K=Q:CDd:[DP DUAAN RA=\edCMY <K@DNDZARTDY
?AR, CK ? NKU, ZNK KC: R<KRK^C: H:N\ ^K@AA D@D UACAA RA=\edCKA DHAK@KQDZARTKA D
UK=:@\CKA K^KRCK?:CDA CAK^WKHDUKRND <=DUACACDP RD@M. 2UACCK KHK^=ACDA RK RNK=KCM

146
Gray C.S. Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21
st

<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubid=1059 >
147
Ibidem.
148
Ibid. P. VIII
65

44$ P?@PANRP CAU:@K?:GCMU _:TNK=KU, TKNK=MY R<KRKÂC C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ ?@DPN\
C: UCACDA K^bARN?: <K ?K<=KR:U <=DUACACDP ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@. $:@DZDA U:CH:N:, T:T
WK=KOK ?DHCK C: <=DUA=A "_Q:CDRN:C:, VD?DD D E:@D, dC:ZDNA@\CK I<=Kb:AN RDNI:[Da
H@P QKRIH:=RN?: D <K?MO:AN ?A=KPNCKRN\ <=DCPNDP =AOACDP K <=DUACACDD R?KAY :=UDD.
2CMUD R@K?:UD, UD= d: <KR@AHCAA RNK@ANDA RD@\CK DdUACD@RP: AR@D Abe ? C:Z:@A
<=KO@KQK RNK@ANDP <=:?K ?ARND ?KYCI (@:N. jus ad bellum) ?KR<=DCDU:@KR\ T:T
CAKNoAU@AUKA H@P QKRIH:=RN?:, NK IGA ? RA=AHDCA XX ?AT: R_K=UD=K?:@RP <=DC[D<
CA<=DUACACDP RD@M D IQ=KdM RD@KY. 7UARNA R NAU, CARUKN=P C: C:@DZDA a=DHDZARTDW
CK=U, Q:=:CNDY KNT:d: KN ?KK=IGeCCMW TKC_@DTNK? CA RIbARN?K?:@K. $A RIbARN?IAN DW D
RAYZ:R, KHC:TK d:<:HCKA K^bARN?K IGA <=K<DN:@KR\ gNDUD DHAPUD D :TND?CK ?M=:G:AN
R?Ke UCACDA <K gNKUI <K?KHI, ZNK d:Z:RNIa CA <Kd?K@PAN <=:?DNA@\RN?:U <=K?KHDN\ H:GA
HAYRN?DNA@\CK CAK^WKHDUMA H@P IRN:CK?@ACDP UD=: D <=AHKN?=:bACDP IQ=Kd K<A=:[DD.
4^bARN?ACCKA UCACDA, T=KUA ?RAQK <=KZAQK, Î=CK =A:QD=IAN C: <KNA=a T:GHKQK
Q=:GH:CDC: D RK@H:N: R?KAY RN=:CM. iNK R?Pd:CK T:T R ITK=ACACDAU DHAY QIU:CDdU:, N:T D
R KNRINRN?DAU <KCDU:CDP NKQK, =:HD ZAQK RN=:C: HK@GC: CARND gND <KNA=D. 2UACCK
<KR@AHCDY :=QIUACN =:RRU:N=D?:ANRP T:T KHDC Dd Q@:?CMW ? HDRTIRRDD K NKU, T:TKY
HK@GC: ^MN\ :=UDP: TKCN=:TNCKY D@D <=DdM?CKY (RU. ?MOA). 2 DUACCK N:TIa RDNI:[Da
UKGCK ^M@K C:^@aH:N\ ? <KR@AHCDW ?KYC:W, TKNK=MA ?A@: -KRRDP, TKQH: RK ?RAW RNK=KC
^M@D R@MOCM ?K<=KRM, d:ZAU D <KZAUI CIGCK KN<=:?@PN\ ?KYRT: H@P <=K?AHACDP ?KACCKY
T:U<:CDD. ':T ^M@K ?K ?=AUP ?KYCM ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, Abe RD@\CAY gNK <=KP?D@KR\ ?K ?=AUP
T:U<:CDY ? cAZCA. "@ATR:CH= p=:UZDWDC ? R?KDW RN:N\PW R<=:?AH@D?K KNUAZ:AN, ZNK ?
IR@K?DPW ?Kd=:RN:abAQK I=K?CP IQ=Kd, gNK UKGAN ^MN\ Z=A?:NK QKRIH:=RN?:U RA=\edCMUD
<=K^@AU:UD
149
.
0 l" ^M@: RD@\C:P DHAK@KQDZART:P <KHK<@eT: ? ?DHA ?KYCM R NA==K=DdUKU,
KHC:TK, T:T UM KNUAND@D, D Ae KT:d:@KR\ CAHKRN:NKZCK, TKQH: ?KYC: d:NPCI@:R\, : <KNA=D
?Kd=KR@D. 2UACCK ? N:TKY RDNI:[DD ?KdCDT:AN DHAP DR<K@\dK?:N\ CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMA
RD@M, ? NKU ZDR@A H@P DdÂQ:CDP <KHK^CKY =A:T[DD RK RNK=KCM K^bARN?:. &:T UM ?DHA@D
C: <=DUA=A DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD <=D <=K?AHACDD K<A=:[DD ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA, <=D?@AZACDA Z:RNCMW TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI= R<KRK^CK, AR@D D CA =AODN\
<=K^@AUI R K^bARN?ACCMU UCACDAU, NK WKNP ^M RCDdDN\ C:<=PGeCCKRN\ RK RNK=KCM
K^bARN?:. KQ@:RCK DC_K=U:[DD, TKNK=Ia <=D?KHDN /K^ 7IH?K=H ? R?KAY TCDQA, <=DCPNDA
=AOACDP K^ I?A@DZACDD :UA=DT:CRTKQK TKCNDCQACN: ? "_Q:CDRN:CA H:?:@KR\

149
U. p=:UZDWDC ". -IRRTDA C: ?KYCA. . 237-249
66

:HUDCDRN=:[DD /:=:T: 4^:U: KZAC\ CA@AQTK
150
. @KGCMU gNK =AOACDA ^M@K, ? NKU ZDR@A
<KNKUI, ZNK gNK ?Md?:@K ^M CADdÂGCMA <KNA=D RK RNK=KCM :UA=DT:CRTDW ?KYRT, :, dC:ZDN,
RKKN?ANRN?IabIa =A:T[Da K^bARN?:, TKNK=Ia CA UKQ@D CA IZDNM?:N\ ? <=AdDHACNRTKY
:HUDCDRN=:[DD.
':TDU K^=:dKU, :_Q:CRTDY <=DUA= KôPRCPAN KHCI Dd <=DZDC, <K TKNK=KY
RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=DÂQ:aN T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW
K<A=:[DY. 7 R?ANA NKQK, ZNK KTKCZ:CDA pK@KHCKY ?KYCM ?Md?:@K DdUACACDA KNCKOACDP
K^bARN?: T ?K<=KR:U DR<K@\dK?:CDP C:[DKC:@\CMW ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@, : N:TGA ? <=DC[D<A
DdUACD@K <KCDU:CDA R<=:?AH@D?KY ?KYCM D KNCKOACDA T N:TK?KY, QKRIH:=RN?K DdMRT:@K
R<KRK^, T:T UKGCK I?A@DZD?:N\ ZDR@K =A:@\CK d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ? K<A=:[DD @aHAY, CA
KN=:G:P TK@DZARN?K RKN=IHCDTK? c7& ? K^bAY ZDR@ACCKRND d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ?KYRT. 'K
ARN\ TKQH: I QKRIH:=RN?: ARN\ <KRNKPCCK HKRNI<C:P ?KdUKGCKRN\ <=DÂQCIN\ T IR@IQ:U
c7&, <=:?DNA@\RN?I <=KbA <K@IZDN\ KHK^=ACDA K^bARN?: H@P C:Z:@: T:TKY ^M NK CD ^M@K
?KACCKY K<A=:[DD, N:T T:T UKGCK <K@IZDN\ IN?A=GHACDA C: DR<K@\dK?:CDA T:TKQK-NK
ZDR@: RK@H:N RK^RN?ACCKY :=UDD, CK <K _:TNI ? N:TKY K<A=:[DD ÎHAN d:HAYRN?K?:CK
dC:ZDNA@\CK ^K@\OAA TK@DZARN?K @aHAY. )=D gNKU =:RWKHM UKQIN <=KWKHDN\ <K
RK?A=OACCK =:dCMU RN:N\PU âHGAN:, : CA NK@\TK T:T =:RWKHM EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM
D@D H=IQDW RD@K?MW ?AHKURN?, ? dKCA KN?ANRN?ACCKRND TKNK=MW C:WKHDNRP <=K?AHACDA
?KACCMW K<A=:[DY. 4HCDU Dd C:D^K@AA P=TDW <=DUA=K? P?@PANRP RT:CH:@ RK
R<A[D:@DRN:UD c7& CACI, TKNK=:P <=AHKRN:?@P@: IR@IQD, R?Pd:CCMA R <=K?AHACDAU
HK<=KRK? ? Na=\UA "Î 1=gY^ ?K ?=AUP K<A=:[DD 2=:TRT:P R?K^KH:. &KCQ=ARRUACM,
TKNK=MA d:CDU:@DR\ =:RR@AHK?:CDAU gNKQK DC[DHACN:, ?MPRCD@D, ZNK I TKU<:CDD ^M@
HKQK?K= RK?A=OACCK R H=IQDU ?AHKURN?KU. " IR@IQD, TKNK=MA KC: <=AHKRN:?@P@:,
<=KWKHD@D <K RN:N\A <KHQKNK?T: <A=A?KHZDTK?
151
. ':T:P ?KdUKGCKRN\ UKGAN ^MN\
<K@AdC: QKRIH:=RN?I CA NK@\TK H@P NKQK, ZNK^M RT=MN\ =A:@\CMA ?KACCMA =:RWKHM, CK D
H@P NKQK, ZNK^M DUAN\ ?KdUKGCKRN\ RT=MNCK <=K?KHDN\ K<A=:[DD, CA KNCKRPbDWRP T
=:d=PHI N:YCMW, KHC:TK N=AÎabDW HK<K@CDNA@\CKQK I=K?CP TKC_DHAC[D:@\CKRND.
6=IQ:P <=K^@AU: RK?=AUACCMW QKRIH:=RN?: D DW <=:?DNA@\RN?, TKNK=Ia UKGAN
=AO:N\ D =AO:AN DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ? ?KACCMW K<A=:[DPW, C:<=PUIa R?Pd:C: D, <K
RIbARN?I, ?MNAT:AN Dd <=AHMHIbAQK <ICTN:. -AZ\ DHeN K NKU, ZNK TK@DZARN?K I^DNMW D
=:CACMW RKN=IHCDTK? c7& CA ?T@aZ:ANRP ? K^bDA R?KHTD I^DNMW C: <K@PW R=:GACDY
^KY[K?. @AHK?:NA@\CK, DR<K@\dIP c7&, <=:?DNA@\RN?: UKQIN RIbARN?ACCK I@IZODN\

150
U. Woodward B. Obamas Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.
151
0gRRA@A= -.0T:d. RKZ. C. 66.
67

K^bIa RN:NDRNDTI <KNA=\ QKRIH:=RN?: ? ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD, CA ?T@aZ:P ? CAe <KQDÔDW
RKN=IHCDTK? N:TDW _D=U. ':TDU K^=:dKU, DR<K@\dIP c7& <=D RIbARN?IabDW R<KRK^:W
?AHACDP RN:NDRNDTD, <=:?DNA@\RN?: UKQIN HKRNDQ:N\ RCDGACDP ? RK^RN?ACCKU K^bARN?A
C:<=PGeCCKRND, TKNK=:P, N:T D@D DC:ZA, ?KdCDT:AN ? R?PdD R <=K?AHACDAU K<A=:[DY, ?AH\
H:GA <=D RK?=AUACCMW R<KRK^:W ?AHACDP ?KYCM GA=N?M <=:TNDZARTD ?RAQH: CADdÂGCM.
)K@DNDZARTDA D RK[D:@\CMA <=K^@AUM, R TKNK=MUD ?MCIGHACM RN:@TD?:N\RP D
=AO:N\ QKRIH:=RN?:, gNDU CA KQ=:CDZD?:aNRP. IbARN?IAN Abe KHDC ?:GCMY UKUACN,
TKNK=MY, KHC:TK, N:TGA R?Pd:C R <=AHMHIbDUD NAdDR:UD. &=DNDT: <=:?DNA@\RN?: <=D
<=K?AHACDD @a^KY, <IRN\ H:GA R:UKY IR<AOCKY K<A=:[DD, CADdÂGC:. 7 gNDW IR@K?DPW
HAYRN?IabDA <=:?DNA@\RN?:, C:WKHPbDARP I ?@:RND ?K ?=AUP <=K?AHACDP N:TKY T:U<:CDD,
DdMRTD?:aN ?RA ?KdUKGCMA R<KRK^M, ZNK^M RUPQZDN\ =:dH:abIaRP ? DW RNK=KCI T=DNDTI.
`:Z:RNIa ?DCK?CMUD ? CAIH:Z:W HA@:aN ?KACCMW, D Z:RNK gNK K<=:?H:CCK ?AH\ DUACCK
KCD CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK KN?AZ:aN d: DRWKH K<A=:[DD. 4HC:TK <KP?@ACDA c7& RHA@:@K
?KdUKGCMU <A=A@KGDN\ ?DCI C: TKU<:CDD. 'A<A=\ <=:?DNA@\RN?: DUAaN ?RA O:CRM RCPN\
R RA^P KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\ ? R@IZ:A ?KdCDTCK?ACDP T:TDW-@D^K CA<=DPNCMW R@IZ:A? R
RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&, : N:TGA ?RAQH: UKQIN <A=A@KGDN\ C: CDW KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\ d: <KNA=D,
TKNK=MA KCD CARIN. /K@AA NKQK, K UCKQDW CAIH:Z:W K^bARN?K ?=PH @D ?KK^bA IdC:AN, N:T
T:T ^K@\O:P Z:RN\ DC_K=U:[DD, R?Pd:CC:P R TKCN=:TN:UD c7& D QKRIH:=RN? <KH<:H:AN <KH
HAYRN?DA TKUUA=ZARTKY N:YCM D UKGAN CA =:RT=M?:N\RP DUACCK <KgNKUI RNK@\
CADC_K=U:ND?CM R:YNM c7&.
7@:HA@\[:UD c7& d:Z:RNIa P?@PaNRP @D^K ^M?ODA QKRIH:=RN?ACCMA R@IG:bDA,
@D^K @aHD, TKNK=MA DUAaN ^K@\ODA R?PdD D ?@DPCDA ? <=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMW ?A=W:W.
$:D^K@AA P=TDUD ? gNKU RUMR@A <=DUA=:UD P?@PaNRP N:TDA c7& T:T E)-2,
/@gTIKNA=, : N:TGA &g@@KQ /=:IC gCH -IN, C:<=PUIa R?Pd:CC:P R TKU<:CDAY
p:@@Dê=NKC. 7RA gND c7& KôAHDCPaN R?PdD R ?D[A-<=AdDHACNKU :HUDCDRN=:[DD
6GK=HG: /IO: U@. -DZ:=HKU cAYCD. 7 p:@@Dê=NKC cAYCD P?@P@RP QACA=:@\CMU
HD=ATNK=KU ? 1995-2000 QKH:W
152
. )=DUA= 6DT: cAYCD CA P?@PANRP AHDCRN?ACCMU. &:T
<DOAN ? R?KAY TCDQA 6GA=AUD TgYWD@@, i=DT )=DCR N:TGA DUA@ NARCMA R?PdD ?
:UA=DT:CRTKU =ITK?KHRN?A, ZNK ? TKC[A TKC[K? K<=AHA@D@K NKN _:TN, ZNK /@gTIKNA=
<K@IZD@: KHCD Dd R:UMW HK=KQDW TKCN=:TNK? ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA
153
. 4RCK?:NA@PUD
c7& 6D@DHGACR (:CQ. Diligence LLC) P?@PaNRP ?MRKTK<KRN:?@ACCMA RKN=IHCDTD

152
Dick Cheneys Halliburton: a corporate case study // The Guardian. 2011. 8 June.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/jun/08/dick-cheney-halliburton-supreme-court>
153
Scahill J. Blackwater P. 35.
68

:UA=DT:CRTKY D ^=DN:CRTKY =:d?AHKT
154
. ':TDU K^=:dKU, H:CCMA <=DUA=M R ^K@\OKY
HK@AY ?A=KPNCKRND <Kd?K@PaN C:U IN?A=GH:N\, ZNK dC:ZDNA@\CKA TK@DZARN?K HKQK?K=K?
UAGHI <=:?DNA@\RN?:UD D c7& d:T@aZ:aNRP CA Âd IZ:RNDP ?MRKTK<KRN:?@ACCMW @D[. 2
WKNP C:d?:N\ H:CCMY _:TN KHCKY Dd ?:GCAYODW <=DZDC, <KZAUI QKRIH:=RN?: RNK@\ :TND?CK
<=DÂQ:aN T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7& ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW, CA@\dP, ^M@K ^M
CA<=:?D@\CMU CA I<KUPCIN\ K^ gNKU, T:T K^ KHCKU Dd _:TNK=K?.
+be KHDC _:TNK=, ?@DPabDY C: <=DCPNDA <=:?DNA@\RN?:UD =AOACDP <K <K?KHI
DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7&, ?Kd=:RN:abDY I=K?AC\ Q@K^:@Dd:[DD. 1@K^:@Dd:[DP HA@:AN
?KdUKGCMU d:T@aZACDA TKCN=:TNK? UAGHI <=:?DNA@\RN?KU KHCKQK QKRIH:=RN?: D c7&,
C:WKHPbAYRP C: H=IQKU TKCNDCACNA
155
. )=D gNKU CAK^WKHDUK <KHZA=TCIN\, ZNK R:U: <K
RAÂ Q@K^:@Dd:[DP P?@PANRP NK@\TK _:TNK=KU, RKdH:abDU IR@K?DP D ?KdUKGCKRND H@P
<=D?@AZACDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD H@P ?M<K@CACDP =:d@DZCMW d:H:Z.
7K<=KR K^ gTKCKUDZARTKY g__ATND?CKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& UKGCK RZDN:N\
R<K=CMU D CA DdIZACCMU HK TKC[:. 'KZCMW H:CCMW K U:NA=D:@\CKY ?MQKHA D@D <KNA=PW,
TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN I QKRIH:=RN?: ? R@IZ:A <=DUACACDP c7& ?UARNK =AQI@P=CKY :=UDD, CA
RIbARN?IAN. +be ? C:Z:@A 1990-W QKHK? RN=ITNI=M EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM l"
<=AHRN:?D@D =:RZeNM, RKQ@:RCK TKNK=MU <A=AH:Z: K<=AHA@eCCKQK R<ATN=: ?KACCMW
_ICT[DY K^K=KCCKQK ?AHKURN?: UKGAN RgTKCKUDN\ HK 6 U@=H. HK@@. ? QKH
156
. 7 2000
QKHI "UA=DT:CRT:P ZeNC:P <:@:N: RCK?: <MN:@:R\ H:N\ KN?AN C: ?K<=KR K^
gTKCKUDZARTKY [A@ARKK^=:dCKRND <=D?:NDd:[DD Z:RND ?KACCMW _ICT[DY QKRIH:=RN?:,
KHC:TK R NAW <K= N:T D CA RIUA@: <=DYND T T:TDU ^M NK CDU ^M@K TKCT=ANCMU ?M?KH:U, d:
DRT@aZACDAU NKQK, ZNK CAK^WKHDUK <=DUACPN\ RN=KQDA <=K[AHI=M TKCN=K@P d:
=:RWKH:UD
157
. )K UCACDa CAUA[TKQK :?NK=: -K@\_: 0gRRA@A=:, IN?A=GHACDA K NKU, ZNK
<A=AH:Z: ?KACCMW _ICT[DY Dd QKRIH:=RN?ACCKQK ?AHACDP ? Z:RNCMA =ITD gTKCKUDZARTD
g__ATND?CK, P?@PANRP CA ZAU DCMU, T:T QD<KNAdKY, DUAabAY DHAK@KQDZARTIa
<KHK<@eTI
158
. &:T UM ?DHDU, HKRN:NKZCKY RN:NDRNDZARTKY ^:dM H@P K^KRCK?:CDP gNKY
DHAD CAN, : NA H:CCMA, TKNK=MA DUAaNRP C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\, HKRN:NKZCK R@KGCK
<=K?A=DN\ <K IT:d:CCMU ?MOA <=DZDC:U. 4HCKY Dd ?:GCAYODW P?@PANRP DUACCK NK, ZNK
UCKQDA TKCN=:TNM <=KWKHPN <K RK?A=OACCK =:dCMU RN:N\PU QKRIH:=RN?ACCMW âHGANK?.

154
0gRRA@A= -. 0T:d. RKZ. C. 217-218
155
Del Prado J.L. G. The Role of Private Military and Security Companies in Modern Warfare // Global Research.
Centre for Research on Globalization. 2012. 11 August. < http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-role-of-private-military-
and-security-companies-in-modern-warfare/32307>
156
mDN. <K: 0?:=K? $.E. c:RNCMY ^DdCAR C: R@IGÂ ?KACCMW ?AHKURN?. . 25
157
Contingency Operations. Army Should Do More To Control Contract Cost in The Balkans // United States
General Accounting Office. 2000. September <http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/90440.pdf>
158
0gRRA@A= -. 0T:d. RKZ. . 206
69

EAGHI NAU, ? 2NKQK?KU KNZeNA &KCQ=ARRI &KUDRRDD <K 7KACCMU TKCN=:TN:U 2=:T: D
"_Q:CDRN:C: D ?K?RA QK?K=DNRP K NKU, ZNK DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ? gNDW H?IW K<A=:[DPW D
?K?RA C:CAR@K gTKCKUDZARTDY ?=AH KAHDCeCCMU lN:N:U, : <=D d:T@aZACDD TKCN=:TNK?
d:_DTRD=K?:CM R@IZ:D UKOACCDZARN?: D <=PUKQK ?K=K?RN?:
159
.
2N:T, R KHCKY RNK=KCM, H:N\ ^K@AA TKCT=ANCMY D KHCKdC:ZCMY KN?AN C: ?K<=KR K^
gTKCKUDZARTKY g__ATND?CKRND <=DUACACDP c7& UM CA UKGAU, N:T T:T CA P?@PAURP
gTKCKUDRN:UD D Dd-d: CAHKRN:NT: =A@A?:CNCMW R?AHACDY. H=IQKY RNK=KCM, UKGCK
RHA@:N\ HKRN:NKZCK @KQDZCMY ?M?KH: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& UKGCK RZDN:N\ gTKCKUDZARTD
g__ATND?CMU <=D <=K?AHACDD T=:NTKR=KZCMW K<A=:[DY, N:T T:T ?MQKH: <=D?@AZACDP
Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= d:T@aZ:ANRP DUACCK ? <=DUACACDD DW <K d:<=KRI. iTKCKUDP =:RWKHK?
RK?A=OACCK NKZCK <=KDRWKHDN d: RZeN NKQK, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?K CA N=:NDN _DC:CRK?MW
R=AHRN? C: RKHA=G:CDA :=UDD, KÎZACDA CK?MW RK@H:N ? UD=CKA ?=AUP. )=D gNKU TKQH:
?KdCDT:AN N:T:P CAK^WKHDUKRN\, QKRIH:=RN?K ? HKRN:NKZCK TK=KNTDA R=KTD UKGAN
<K@IZDN\ ? R?Ke =:R<K=PGACDA ?MRKTK T?:@D_D[D=K?:CCMW ^KY[K?, TKNK=MW <=AHKRN:?PN
DU c7&. 7 R@IZ:A GA <=K?AHACDP H@DNA@\CKY K<A=:[DD <=ADUIbARN?K ? ?DHA gTKCKUDD
U:NA=D:@\CMW =ARI=RK? CD?A@D=IANRP ?MRKTKY RNKDUKRN\a TKCN=:TNK? R c7& <K
R=:?CACDa R =AQI@P=CKY :=UDAY CAd:?DRDUK KN <=DC[D<: TKU<@ATNK?:CDP.
':TDU K^=:dKU, <=DUACPN\ :=UDa, TKQH: <KP?@PANRP N:T:P CAK^WKHDUKRN\,
RN:CK?DNRP ?Re N=IHCAA, : I=K?AC\ <KHQKNK?TD, UKND?:[DD D QKNK?CKRND RK?=AUACCKQK
RK@H:N: <KH?A=Q:N\ R?Ka GDdC\ =DRTI UKGCK K[ACDN\ T:T CDdTDY. 7 NKU ZDR@A H@P
=AOACDP ?MOAIT:d:CCMW <=K^@AU D ^M@ C:YHAC N:TKY R<KRK^, T:T DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7&.
3.2 ,RTKMKMNK eH[HZUK[H N ]`V]VXVJ JKOKMNa JVbM_ RKRN:?@PaN Abe KHDC
^K@\OKY <@:RN <=DZDC, TKNK=MA ?MCIGH:aN QKRIH:=RN?: <=DÂQ:N\ T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7&
<=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY. $ATKNK=MA DRR@AHK?:NA@D R ^K@\ODUD
RKUCACDPUD KNCKRPNRP T TKC[A<[DD ?KYC ZAN?e=NKQK <KTK@ACDP. 4CD <=D?KHPN
TKCN=:=QIUACNM ? T:ZARN?A HKT:d:NA@\RN? NKQK, ZNK ?KACCMA KOD^:aNRP, HA@:P RN:?TI C:
RANA[ACN=DZCKRN\ D H=IQDA T@aZA?MA <=DC[D<M, <A=A<DRM?:P ?KACCMA HKTN=DCM D
RN=:NAQDD
160
. $ARUKN=P C: gNK, CA@\dP KN=D[:N\ NKQK _:TN:, ZNK d: <KR@AHCAA ?=AUP K^@DT D
W:=:TNA= ?KYCM, : ?UARNA R CDUD D R<KRK^M Ae ?AHACDP, DdUACD@DR\. iND DdUACACDP

159
Iraq and Afghanistan. 2011. August. P. 68 94.
<http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/cwc/20110929213820/http://www.wartimecontracting.gov/docs/CWC_Final
Report-lowres.pdf>
160
U. C:<=. Echevaria A.J. II Fourth-Generation War and Other Myths // Strategic Studies Institute. 2005.
November. <http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=632>
70

C:T@:HM?:aN R?KY KN<AZ:NKT C: <K@DNDTI RK?=AUACCMW QKRIH:=RN? ? Z:RND DR<K@\dK?:CDP
c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY.
&=I<CMA ?KACCMA K<A=:[DD, TKNK=MA <=K?KHD@DR\ d: <KR@AHCDA H?: HARPND@ANDP
<=DCPNK KNCKRDN\ T =:d=PHI ÂRTKCN:TNCMW ?KYC. iNK <KH=:dIUA?:AN DR<K@\dK?:CDA
=:d@DZCMW ?DHK? ?MRKTKNKZCKQK K=IGDP, TKNK=KA N=AÎAN U:RON:^CKQK D T:ZARN?ACCKQK
DC_K=U:[DKCCKQK D H=IQDW ?DHK? ?MRKTKNAWCK@KQDZCKQK KÂR<AZACDP. &:T KNUAZ:AN
<=K_ARRK= 7@:HDUD= @D<ZACTK, AR@D =:C\OA H@P NKQK, ZNK^M KHA=G:N\ <KÂHI, CIGCK
^M@K KTTI<D=K?:N\ NA==DNK=Da <=KND?CDT: <=D <KUKbD RIWK<INCMW RD@, NK RAQKHCP
IH:=M ?MRKTKNKZCKQK K=IGDP R<KRK^CM =:d=IODN\ <=KUMO@ACCMY D gTKCKUDZARTDY
<KNAC[D:@ <=KND?CDT:, R@KUDN\ <K@DNDZARTIa ?K@a D ?K@a C:RA@ACDP T
RK<=KND?@ACDa
161
. )=D gNKU RK?A=OACCK CAK^Pd:NA@\CK ICDZNKG:N\ CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK
?KACCIa RD@I <=KND?CDT:. 0CDZNKGD? <=KUMO@ACCMA D gTKCKUDZARTDA [ACN=M,
DC_=:RN=ITNI=I, UKGCK HK^DN\RP C:=IOACDP RC:^GACDP D I=K?CP ^KAR<KRK^CKRND
?KK=IGeCCMW RD@ <=KND?CDT:. K?=AUACC:P :=UDP, RKQ@:RCK H:CCKY TKC[A<[DD, HK@GC:
^MN\ QD^TKY, TKU<:TNCKY D UK^D@\CKY. 6@P gNKQK HK@GCM RIbARN?K?:N\
?MRKTKNAWCK@KQDZCMA DC_K=U:[DKCCMA RDRNAUM D RDRNAUM R?PdD. &K@DZARN?K
=:d?AHM?:NA@\CMW RDRNAU, ÂR<D@KNCMW @AN:NA@\CMW :<<:=:NK? (H:@AA - /)V") =:RNeN, D
gN: NACHAC[DP, RIHP <K ?RAUI, @DO\ <=KHK@GDNRP. 7 NKU ZDR@A <KgNKUI C: `:<:HA ? [A@KU
<=KDRWKHDN KNT:d KN ^K@\ODW RIWK<INCMW ?KYRT.
KT=:bACDA ?KACCKQK <A=RKC:@:, K ZeU ^M@K RT:d:CK ?MOA, N:TGA ?K UCKQKU
R?Pd:CK DUACCK R gNDU: ?KACCMA CA HA@:aN RN:?TI C: U:RRK?MA :=UDD, : ?KK=IGeCCMU
RD@:U H@P ?AHACDP ?KYC CK?KQK <KTK@ACDP N=AÎaNRP ?MRKTKT?:@D_D[D=K?:CCMA
R<A[D:@DRNM D ? QK=:dHK UAC\ODW TK@DZARN?:W, ZAU =:C\OA. 7RA gND RDRNAUM D /)V"
R:UKQK =:dCKQK C:dC:ZACDP CAK^WKHDUK K^R@IGD?:N\ D g__ATND?CK DR<K@\dK?:N\, ZNK
UKQIN RHA@:N\ NK@\TK R<A[D:@DRNM R ?MRKTDU I=K?CAU <KHQKNK?TD. 4^ gNKU <DR:@
dC:UACDNMY :UA=DT:CRTDY RK[DK@KQ D _INI=K@KQ i@?DC 'K__@A= :?NK= dC:UACDNKY
NAK=DD ?K@C, C: TKNK=KY ?KACCMA R<A[D:@DRNM KAHDCeCCMW lN:NK? "UA=DTD
KRCK?M?:@D <KRN=KACDA CK?KY TKC[A<[DD 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@ l". 4C K<DRM?:@ gNK
P?@ACDA R@AHIabDU K^=:dKU: 6@P IUCKQK K=IGDP CIGCM IUCMA RK@H:NM. )@KWK
K^=:dK?:CCMA ?KYRT: UKQIN W=:^=K ^DN\RP ? =ITK<:OCKY, <>, CK H@P :=UDY '=AN\AY
?K@CM KCD N:T:P GA KÎd:, T:T CA?AGARN?ACCMA =:^KZDA C: <=AH<=DPNDPW '=AN\AY

161
U. C:<=. @D<ZACTK 7. & T:TKY ?KYCA HK@GCM QKNK?DN\RP ?KK=IGeCCMA RD@M // 4NAZARN?ACCMA d:<DRTD.
2002. n 8 <http://www.strana-oz.ru/2002/8/k-kakoy-voyne-dolzhny-gotovitsya-vooruzhennye-sily>
71

?K@CM
162
. )=DdM?CKY R<KRK^ TKU<@ATNK?:CDP CA R<KRKÂC KÂR<AZDN\ ?KK=IGeCCMA RD@M
N:TDUD T:H=:UD KRKÂCCK ? RG:NMA R=KTD. 6@P <KHQKNK?TD TKCN=:TNCDTK? N:TGA CIGCK
?=AUP. 2R<K@\dK?:CDA c7& D DW RKN=IHCDTK? R<KRK^CK Z:RNDZCK =AODN\ gNI <=K^@AUI
d:T@aZDN\ HKQK?K= C: KT:d:CDA TKCT=ANCKQK ?DH: ?KACCMW IR@IQ. c7& UKQIN <=AHKRN:?DN\
N:TDW T?:@D_D[D=K?:CCMW R<A[D:@DRNK? D@D KÎZDN\ :=UAYRTDY <A=RKC:@. )=D gNKU AR@D
=AZ\ DHeN K ?KACCMW IR@IQ:W ? R_A=A ?MRKTDW NAWCK@KQDY, N:TDA IR@IQD UKQIN
<=AHKRN:?@PN\RP Q=:GH:CRTDUD R<A[D:@DRN:UD RKN=IHCDT:UD c7&.
7UARNA R NAU UACPaNRP D K=Q:CDd:[DKCCMA RN=ITNI=M, RN=ITNI=M I<=:?@ACDP
?KYRT:UD. &KC[A<[DP RANA[ACN=DZARTDW ?KYC <=AH<K@:Q:AN I<=:dHCACDA GeRNTKY
DA=:=WDZARTKY RN=ITNI=M. iNK RN:CK?DNRP ?KdUKGCMU ^@:QKH:=P NKUI, ZNK ?KYRT:
KôAHDCPaNRP ? K^bIa RAN\, D T:GHMY IZ:RNCDT ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY DUAAN T CAY HKRNI<,
UKGAN d:<=KRDN\ NI D@D DCIa DC_K=U:[Da D@D KQCA?Ia <KHHA=GTI. )KUDUK gNKQK, C:
<A=?MY <@:C ? RN=:C:W `:<:H: ?MWKHDN ?KdUKGCKRN\ <=K?AHACDP RK?UARNCMW K<A=:[DY ?
=:UT:W TK:@D[DY N:T C:dM?:AUMA joint operations. iNK <KH=:dIUA?:AN CA NK@\TK
C:@DZDA AHDCKY RAND D RDRNAU I<=:?@ACDP ?KYRT:UD, CK D ?MRKTDY I=K?AC\
?d:DUKHAYRN?DP, TKNK=MY CA?KdUKGAC Âd C:@DZDP CARTK@\TDW IR@K?DY: AHDC:P RN=ITNI=:
D DA=:=WDP, : N:TGA C:@:GACCKA <KCDU:CDA UAGHI ?KYRT:UD. &:T Dd?ARNCK, QKRIH:=RN?:
DR<K@\dIaN c7& Dd R:UMW =:dCMW RN=:C UD=:. ':T :UA=DT:CRTKA <=:?DNA@\RN?K UKGAN
d:T@aZ:N\ TKCN=:TNM R ^=DN:CRTDUD c7& D C:K^K=KN. )=D gNKU KCD UKQIN R@IGDN\
<KR=AHCDT:UD <=D ?d:DUKHAYRN?DD TKU:CHK?:CDP D ?KYRT ? [A@KU. ':T:P <=:TNDT:
R<KRK^C: <K?MRDN\ I=K?AC\ ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI RKadCDT:UD, ZNK N:TGA P?@PANRP KHCKY
Dd CAU:@K?:GCMW <=DZDC DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD.
/K@\O:P Z:RN\ TKC_@DTNK?, TKNK=MA <=KDRWKHD@D d: <KR@AHCDA HARPND@ANDP,
RK<=K?KGH:@:R\ QIU:CDN:=CMUD T:N:RN=K_:UD: QK@KH, R@KGC:P g<DHAUDK@KQDZART:P
RDNI:[DP, =KRN ZDR@: ÂGAC[A?, U:RRK?MA C:=IOACDP <=:? ZA@K?AT:. 0Z:RNDA `:<:HCMW
RN=:C D, <=AGHA ?RAQK, RN=:C $"'4 ? gNDW TKC_@DTN:W ? NKU D@D DCKU T:ZARN?A <=D?A@K T
NKUI, ZNK gND RN=:CM KRKdC:@D CAK^WKHDUKRN\ <KDRT: CARN:CH:=NCKQK =AOACDP TKC_@DTN:.
)=KRNKY <KÂHM D@D <=AT=:bACDP KQCP CAHKRN:NKZCK, CAK^WKHDUK =AODN\ <=K^@AUI
RN:CK?@ACDP UD=: D RN:^D@\CKRND, <KUKZ\ ?@:RNPU ? IT=A<@ACDD QKRIH:=RN?ACCKRND D
<K=PHT: ? dKCA TKC_@DTN:
163
. N:@K PRCK, ZNK <=KRNK ?KACCMUD UANKH:UD =AOACDP gNDW

162
mDN. <K: /I=ACKT 7. kD@KRK_RTDY _ICH:UACN ?KACCKQK RN=KDNA@\RN?: // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA.
2011. 19 :?QIRN:. <http://nvo.ng.ru/concepts/2011-08-19/8_army.html>
163
)KH=K^CAA: Franke V. The Peacebuilding Dilemma: Civil-military Cooperation in Stability Operations //
International Journal of Peace Studies. 2006. Vol. 11. n2. P. 5-25.
<http://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol11_2/11n2FRANKE.pdf>
72

?K<=KRK? CA HK^DN\RP, N:T T:T H@P ?KACCMW RN=ITNI= gND d:H:ZD P?@PaNRP CA RK?RAU
ND<DZCMUD. 7 gNKY RDNI:[DD ? RN=:C:W "@\PCR: ^M@: =:d=:^KN:C: TKC[A<[DP ?KACCK-
Q=:GH:CRTKQK RKN=IHCDZARN?: (:CQ@. - Civil military cooperation CIMIC; H:@AA 71).
7K<=KR <KP?@ACDP D g?K@a[DD 71 d:R@IGD?:AN KNHA@\CKQK DRR@AHK?:CDP. 6@P [A@AY
C:RNKPbAY =:^KNM HKRN:NKZCK KNUANDN\, ZNK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ 71 P?@PANRP ?:GCMU
DCRN=IUACNKU, TKNK=MY DR<K@\dIaN RN=:CM-Z@ACM $"'4. 7 RKKN?ANRN?IabAY HKTN=DCA
$"'4 <KH 71 <KCDU:ANRP RKN=IHCDZARN?K D TKK=HDC:[DP UAGHI TKU:CHK?:CDAU $"'4
D Q=:GH:CRTDUD RN=ITNI=:UD, ?T@aZ:P Q=:GH:CRTKA C:RA@ACDA D UARNCMA ?@:RND, : N:TGA
UAGHIC:=KHCMA, C:[DKC:@\CMA D CA<=:?DNA@\RN?ACCMA K=Q:CDd:[DD D :QACNRN?:
164
.
4ÂR<AZACDA R?PdD UAGHI ?KACCMUD Dd RN=:C "@\PCR: D UARNCMUD ?@:RNPUD, C:RA@ACDAU
D H=. P?@PANRP KHCKY Dd KRCK?CMW _ICT[DY 71.
&:T UM ?DHA@D, c7& :TND?CK <=D?@AT:aN ? R?KD =PHM RKN=IHCDTK? Dd ZDR@:
UARNCKQK C:RA@ACDP. ':T ^M@K D ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, D ? 2=:TA. 7 R?PdD R gNDU UKGCK
KNUANDN\, ZNK H@P QKRIH:=RN?: P?@PANRP ?MQKHCMU DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ? N:TDW K<A=:[DPW
DUACCK R NKZTD d=ACDP 71. ':TDU K^=:dKU, C:YU D KÎZACDA RKN=IHCDTK? <KR=AHRN?KU
c7& <Kd?K@PAN QKRIH:=RN?I =AODN\ Abe KHCI <=K^@AUI, TKNK=:P N:T D@D DC:ZA ?KdCDT:AN
? R@IZ:A <=DUACACDP 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@ d: =IÂGKU. -AZ\ DHeN K ?d:DUKHAYRN?DD R
C:RA@ACDAU RN=:CM, ? TKNK=KY <=DWKHDNRP HAYRN?K?:N\. &:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK C: <=DUA=A
"_Q:CDRN:C: D 2=:T: (? KRKÂCCKRND <KT:d:NA@\CMU P?@PANRP :_Q:CRTDY R@IZ:Y), c7&
:TND?CK DR<K@\dIaN ? R?KAY =:^KNA RKN=IHCDTK?, TKNK=MW ?A=ÎaN R=AHD UARNCKQK
C:RA@ACDP. )K@KGDNA@\CMY g__ATN HKRNDQ:ANRP ? R?PdD R NAU ZNK: Z:RNDZCK =AO:ANRP
<=K^@AU: CAQ:ND?CKQK ?KR<=DPNDP DCKRN=:C[A? UARNCMUD GDNA@PUD, : N:TGA _K=UD=IANRP
TKRNPT UARNCMW ?KACCMW <=K_ARRDKC:@K? D <K?MO:ANRP I=K?AC\ <KHQKNK?TD IGA
RIbARN?IabDW ? RN=:CA <=AHRN:?DNA@AY gNKY R_A=M HAPNA@\CKRND. 7Re gNK <K?MO:AN
O:CRM NKQK, ZNK <KR@A IWKH: 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@ QKRIH:=RN?:, TKNK=KA <=K?KHDN K<A=:[Da,
UARNCMA ?@:RND RUKQIN ?dPN\ RDNI:[Da <KH R?KY RN=KQDY TKCN=K@\. @AHK?:NA@\CK,
RIbARN?IAN <A=R<ATND?: NKQK, ZNK 71 KT:GANRP ^K@AA g__ATND?CMU. 2UACCK <KgNKUI
DRR@AHK?:NA@\RTDA RN=ITNI=M <=D K=Q:C:W 71 IHA@PaN ?CDU:CDA KR?AbACDa ?K<=KR: K^
DR<K@\dK?:CDD c7& ? ?KACCMW K<A=:[DPW
165
.

164
NATO Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Doctrine. 2003. June
<http://www.cimic-coe.org/download/AJP-9.pdf>
165
Checchia M. Private Security Companies Give Way to the Afghan Public Protection Force // Civil-Military
Fusion Centre. 2011. October.
<https://www.cimicweb.org/Documents/CFC%20AFG%20Security%20Archive/CFC_Afg_PSCs-and-APPF_Oct11.pdf>
73

6=IQKY KRKÂCCKRN\a RK?=AUACCKY ?KACCKY R_A=M P?@PANRP NKN _:TN, ZNK W:=:TNA=
?KYCM RD@\CK DdUACD@RP. 7Re Z:bA QKRIH:=RN?:U <=DWKHDNRP ?KA?:N\ <=KND?
CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMW :TNK=K?: NA==K=DRNK?, <K?RN:C[A?, <:=NDd:C, <D=:NK? D H=.
&@:RRDZARTDA <KHWKHM ^K=\^M R N:TDUD <=KND?CDT:UD CA R=:^:NM?:aN. 1KRIH:=RN?: DbIN
CARN:CH:=NCMA ?MWKHM Dd R@KGD?OAYRP RDNI:[DD. 2HeN =:d=:^KNT: KRK^MW
<=KND?K<K?RN:CZARTDW RN=:NAQDY (:CQ@. Counter-Insurgency Strategy). KdH:aNRP
TKU<:TNCMA RN=ITNI=M H@P <=KND?KRNKPCDP N:TKQK =KH: IQ=Kd:U. 4HCDU Dd <KHWKHK? T
=A:@Dd:[DD N:TDW RN=:NAQDY D UKGAN P?@PN\RP <=D?@AZACDA T K<A=:[DPU <=KND? N:TKQK
?=:Q: c7&, TKNK=MA <K R?KAY <=D=KHA N:TGA P?@PaNRP CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMUD. )=D gNKU
:=UDD TKCT=ANCKQK QKRIH:=RN?: @D^K CA <=DHeNRP ?KA?:N\ C:<=PUIa R N:TDU <=KND?CDTKU,
@D^K KC: ÎHAN Dd^:?@AC: KN =PH: ?NK=KRNA<ACCMW d:H:Z D RUKGAN RKR=AHKNKZDN\RP C:
KRCK?CMW ^KA?MW. "C:@Dd NKQK, QKNK?M @D c7& DQ=:N\ ?AHIbIa =K@\ ?
<=KND?K<K?RN:CZARTKY RN=:NAQDD, C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ Abe <=K?KHDNRP
166
, D ?K<=KR K NKU,
UKQIN @D c7& H:N\ HKRNKYCMY KN?AN C: <KHK^CMY ?MdK?, KRN:eNRP KNT=MNMU.
7UARNA R NAU W:=:TNA= RK?=AUACCMW IQ=Kd ? <KR@AHCDA QKHM ?Re Z:bA <=DCPNK
T?:@D_D[D=K?:N\ T:T CAK<=AHA@eCCMY D CA<=AHRT:dIAUMY. iNK C:WKHDN KN=:GACDA H:GA ?
C:d?:CDPW T@aZA?MW HKTIUACNK?, K<=AHA@PabDW ?KACCIa <K@DNDTI, ? CATKNK=MW
?AHIbDW QKRIH:=RN?:W `:<:H:. 0GA I<KUDC:?ODYRP C:UD N=:NAQDZARTDY K^dK= <K
4^K=KCA D /AdK<:RCKRND 7A@DTK^=DN:CDD DUAAN ? R?KeU d:QK@K?TA R@AHIabDA R@K?::
4ÂR<AZACDA ÂdK<:RCKRND 7A@DTK^=DN:CDD ? ?AT CAK<=AHA@eCCKRND (:CQ@. - Securing
Britain in an Age of Uncertainty). 7 HKTIUACNA KNUAZ:ANRP, ZNK RK?=AUACCMY RN=:NAQDZARTDY
TKCNATRN P?@PANRP CAK<=AHA@eCCMU, : IQ=KdM <KRNKPCCK UACPaNRP H:GA ? C:RNKPbAU, : CA
NK@\TK ? ÎHIbAU
167
. DNI:[DP CAK<=AHA@eCCKRND IR@KGCPAN <=:?DNA@\RN?I d:H:ZI <K
K<=AHA@ACDa KRCK?CMW C:<=:?@ACDY =:d?DNDP D RN=KDNA@\RN?: ?KK=IGeCCMW RD@.
)=D?@AZACDA GA ? R@IZ:A CAK^WKHDUKRND c7& H:eN QKRIH:=RN?I RA=\edCKA <=ADUIbARN?K,
AR@D IQ=Kd: ?KdCDT:AN CAKGDH:CCK, : ?KK=IGeCCMA RD@M R:UD CA QKNK?M H:N\ KN<K=
<KP?D?OAUIRP <=KND?CDTI. )=D gNKU c7&, ÎHIZD d:DCNA=ARK?:CCMUD ? R@IZ:A, AR@D
?KdCDTCAN N:T:P CAK^WKHDUKRN\, <K@IZDN\ KN <=:?DNA@\RN?: RA=\edCMA TKCN=:TNM,
CAd:?DRDUK KN Dd^=:CCKY QKRIH:=RN?KU @DCDD R<KRK^CM ? CATKNK=MW R@IZ:PW C:YND
K<NDU:@\CMY R<KRK^ =AOACDP NKY D@D DCKY d:H:ZD.

166
Moesgaard C. Private Military in Counter-Insurgency Strategy // Danish Institute for International Studies. 2011.
March.
<http://www.diis.dk/graphics/publications/policybriefs%202011/pb2011-private-military-companies-web.pdf>
167
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty
74

@AHIabDU ?:GCMU DdUACACDAU ? K^bAU W:=:TNA=A ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY P?@PANRP NK,
ZNK N:TKQK <KCPNDP T:T @DCDP _=KCN: ? IR@K?DPW RK?=AUACCKY ?KYCM <=:TNDZARTD CA
RIbARN?IAN. /ARTKCN:TNCMA R<KRK^M ?AHACDP ?KYCM IRN=:CPaN ?RPZARTDA IR@K?CMA
Q=:CD[M. )KCPN\, QHA C:WKHDNRP <=KND?CDT, <=:TNDZARTD CA?KdUKGCK, : <=KRN=:CRN?:, C:
TKNK=MW <=KDRWKHDN ?KYC:, QK=:dHK OD=A, ZAU <=KRNK dKC: ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY. &:T <DOAN
7@:HDUD= @D<ZACTK, ?Re gNK UACPAN <=D?MZCMA <=AHRN:?@ACDP CA NK@\TK ? K^@:RND
RN=:NAQDD, CK N:TGA D ? K^@:RND K<A=:ND?CKQK DRTIRRN?: D N:TNDTD
168
. 'AU :TNI:@\CAY H@P
QKRIH:=RN? RN:CK?DNRP DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD K<A=:[DY. 0GA QK?K=D@KR\ K
NKU, ZNK c7& UKQIN <=D?@AT:N\RP H@P I<=:?@ACDP R@KGCMUD NAWCK@KQDZARTDUD
RDRNAU:UD, ? NKU ZDR@A R=AHRN?:UD R?PdD D /)V". 7 IR@K?DPW, TKQH: @DCDD _=KCN: D
Q=:CD[ ?KYCM CA RIbARN?IAN, ?=PH @D TNK-NK H:GA d:UANDN =:dCD[I, TNK I<=:?@P@ IH:=CMU
D@D =:d?AHM?:NA@\CMU ÂR<D@KNCDTKU, C:WKHPR\ d: NMRPZD TD@KUAN=K? KN dKCM ^KA?MW
HAYRN?DY: RKN=IHCDT c7& D@D GA T:H=K?MY ?KACCMY. &=KUA NKQK, ? H:CCKU R@IZ:A
=:^KN:AN NKN GA :=QIUACN, ZNK D ? <=AHMHIbAU Dd@KGACCKU <ICTNA: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7&
<Kd?K@PAN :=UDD QKRIH:=RN?: RKR=AHKNKZDN\RP C: ?M<K@CACDD KRCK?CMW ^KA?MW _ICT[DY.
$:<=DUA=, c7&, TKNK=MA R<A[D:@DdD=IaNRP C: KW=:CA KôATNK?, R IR<AWKU UKQIN
d:UACDN\ ?KYRTK?MA RKAHDCACDP, ?MR?K^KHD? RD@M H@P ?AHACDP :TND?CMW ^KA?MW
HAYRN?DY ? H=IQDW RATNK=:W. 7Re <A=AZDR@ACCKA C:UD ?MOA ?Kd?=:b:AN C:R T ?K<=KRI K
RN:NIRA RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, TKNK=MA _K=U:@\CK CA <=DCDU:aN IZ:RNDA ? HAYRN?DPW C:
<A=AHK?KY. &:T UKGCK K<=AHA@DN\ DW RN:NIR, AR@D dKC: ^KA?MW HAYRN?DY ZeNTK CA
K<=AHA@AC:, : I<=:?@PN\ =:d?AHM?:NA@\CMUD D IH:=CMUD R=AHRN?:UD UKGCK Dd-d: KTA:C:.
)KZAUI ? N:TKU R@IZ:A, ?KHDNA@\ N=:CR<K=NCKQK R=AHRN?:, C:WKHPbAQKRP CA<KR=AHRN?ACCK
? dKCA TKC_@DTN:, CK CA <=DUACPabDY K=IGDA, ÎHAN DUAN\ RN:NIR TKU^:N:CN:, :
RKN=IHCDT c7& D@D Q=:GH:CRTDY R<A[D:@DRN, RDHPbDY <A=AH UKCDNK=KU ? IHK^CKU
<KUAbACDD C: H=IQKU TKCNDCACNA, N:TKQK RN:NIR: UKGAN CA DUAN\. iNKN ?K<=KR KRN:eNRP
KNT=MNMU, D AQK Abe <=AHRNKDN =AODN\ IZeCMU.
3.3 [VXGKT_ ] N]`VGQRVJHMNKT ?1B FV]cOH[]UJHTN N `V`_UZN Ne [KpNUQ.
)=DdC:?:P _:TNM <K@KGDNA@\CKQK ?@DPCDP c7& C: =AOACDA =PH: <=K^@AU, R
TKNK=MUD RN:@TD?:aNRP RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY,
R@AHIAN <KHZA=TCIN\, ZNK <=D?@AZACDA TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI= T ?M<K@CACDa ^KA?MW
d:H:Z d:Z:RNIa CA R<KRK^CK =AODN\ =PH ?K<=KRK?, TKNK=MA RIbARN?IaN <=D
DR<K@\dK?:CDD N=:HD[DKCCMW :=UDY. &=KUA NKQK, <=DUACACDA c7& <K=KGH:AN D CK?MA
<=K^@AUM, TKNK=MA QKRIH:=RN?I N:TGA <=DWKHDNRP =AO:N\.

168
@D<ZACTK 7. 0T:d. RKZ.
75

)=AGHA ?RAQK, D dHAR\ UKGCK NK@\TK RKQ@:RDN\RP R KNAZARN?ACCMUD gTR<A=N:UD ?
K^@:RND RN=:NAQDZARTDW DRR@AHK?:CDY, CD <=K_ARRDKC:@\C:P :=UDP, CD DR<K@\dK?:CDA
c7& CA =AO:aN N:TIa <=K^@AUI, T:T HAHK?bDC:. )=DUA= c7&, HAYRN?IabDW ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA, C:Q@PHCK HAUKCRN=D=IAN, ZNK CAIRN:?CMA KNCKOACDP CDTIH: CA DRZAd:aN
KCD <=KRNK <=DCDU:aN DCMA _K=UM. 2 <=PUKY d:?DRDUKRND UAGHI NAU, <=DdM?C:P gNK
:=UDP, TKCN=:TNC:P D@D c7&, CA RIbARN?IAN.
7MOA ^M@K ?MRT:d:CK IN?A=GHACDA K NKU, ZNK DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& R<KRK^CK
I?A@DZDN\ I=K?AC\ g__ATND?CKRND 71. 7UARNA R NAU, T:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK =:CAA,
TK@DZARN?K D =AdKC:CR DC[DHACNK?, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN ? R?PdD R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU c7&,
UKGCK C:d?:N\ ?AR\U: RIbARN?ACCMU. -:RRN=A@M UD=CMW GDNA@AY, : N:TGA TKC_@DTNM R
UARNCMUD ?@:RNPUD ?MdM?:aN KZAC\ RD@\CIa =A:T[Da R=AHD UARNCKQK C:RA@ACDP, ZNK ?
K^bAU D [A@KU K<=AHA@PAN CAQ:ND?CKA KNCKOACDA D RN=:W, TKNK=MA DR<MNM?:aN Q=:GH:CA
RN=:CM, ? TKNK=KY <=KWKHDN K<A=:[DP. 2 <=KDRWKHDN gNK ?CA d:?DRDUKRND KN Q=:GH:CRN?:
RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. $ATKNK=MA TKU<:CDD <KR@A Q=KUTDW DC[DHACNK? R DW IZ:RNDAU
<=DCDU:aN =AOACDA K R?KAQK =KH: =A^=ACHDCQA - ?<@KN\ HK RUACM C:d?:CDP. $:D^K@AA
P=TDU D ND<DZCMU R@IZ:AU ?CK?\ P?@PANRP <AZ:@\CK Dd?ARNC:P TKU<:CDP /@gTIKNA=.
4HC:TK N:TKQK =KH: UA=M CA P?@PaNRP R<KRK^KU =AOACDP R:UKY <=K^@AUM. )=D <KUKbD
gNDW HAYRN?DY <=KDRWKHDN NK@\TK Ae =ANIOD=K?:CDA, ZNK P?@PANRP CA<=DAU@AUMU R NKZTD
d=ACDP DUDHG: D, ZNK Q@:?CKA, R NKZTD d=ACDP DCNA=ARK? QKRIH:=RN?:.
':TDU K^=:dKU, UM UKGAU RT:d:N\, ZNK <K@KGDNA@\CMY g__ATN, TKNK=MY UKGAN
H:?:N\ <=D?@AZACDA TKUUA=ZARTDUD RN=ITNI=:UD RKN=IHCDTK? Dd ZDR@: UARNCMW Q=:GH:C,
? dC:ZDNA@\CKY RNA<ACD R?KHDNRP C: CAN ? =AdI@\N:NA N:TDW Q=KUTDW HA@. 7Re gNK, ?
dC:ZDNA@\CKY UA=A, IRIQI^@PANRP KNCKRDNA@\CKY ÂdC:T:d:CCKRN\a RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. 2W
RN:NIR HK RDW <K= ZeNTK CA K<=AHA@eC, D KCD UKQIN CA <KH<:H:N\ <KH a=DRHDT[Da
QKRIH:=RN?:, C: NA==DNK=DD TKNK=KQK C:WKHPNRP D HAYRN?IaN. 7Re gNK ?UARNA ?dPNKA R
^K@\OKY HK@AY ?A=KPNCKRND RCDG:AN g__ATND?CKRN\ 71, KHC:TK KNHA@\CKY RN:NDRNDTD
D@D DRR@AHK?:CDY, <KR?PbeCCMW gNKUI ?K<=KRI, C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ CA RIbARN?IAN.
6=IQ:P <=K^@AU:, R TKNK=KY RN:@TD?:aNRP RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=D
<=DUACACDD c7& ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW, ?Md?:C: NAU, ZNK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ H:GA ?
KAHDCeCCMW lN:N:W, TKNK=MA P?@PaNRP <A=AHK?KY RN=:CKY ? Z:RND DR<K@\dK?:CDP
TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI=, CA RIbARN?IAN C:@:GACCKY RDRNAUM ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI
:=UDAY, RKN=IHCDT:UD c7& D R:UDUD _D=U:UD. &:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK, c7& d:Z:RNIa CA
RZDN:aNRP R K^bAY ?KACCKY K^RN:CK?TKY, D gNK <=K?K[D=IAN K<:RCMA RDNI:[DD. &=KUA
76

NKQK, KNRINRN?IaN UAW:CDdUM KÛAC: DC_K=U:[DAY d: =:UT:UD RIbARN?IabDW UAGHI
QKRIH:=RN?:UD (?AHKURN?:UD) D c7& RKQ@:OACDY. 7 =AdI@\N:NA, RKN=IHCDTD c7& UKQIN CA
DUAN\ HKRNI<: T ?:GCKY DC_K=U:[DD, ? TKNK=KY KCD d:DCNA=ARK?:CM D TKNK=:P UKGAN
^MN\ I :=UDD. 2 C:K^K=KN. 4NRINRN?IaN ZeNTK <=KHIU:CCMA D <KCPNCMA <=K[AHI=M
TKK=HDC:[DD HAYRN?DY c7& D :=UDD. KN=IHCDTD c7& CA <KHZDCPaNRP :=UAYRTDU
TKU:CHD=:U, N:T T:T KCD d:T@aZ:aN TKCN=:TN DUACCK R _D=U:UD, : CA R <=:?DNA@\RN?KU
D@D QKRIH:=RN?ACCMU ?AHKURN?KU. )=D gNKU KRCK?C:P KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\, N:T D@D DC:ZA,
@AGDN C: ?KACCMW.
'KN _:TN, ZNK TKCN=:TNM, TKNK=MA d:T@aZ:aN c7& R QKRIH:=RN?:UD, UKQIN
<=KWKHDN\ RK?A=OACCK <K =:dCMU RN:N\PU âHGAN:, d:N=IHCPAN K^bARN?ACCMY D
Q=:GH:CRTDY TKCN=K@\ C:H HAPNA@\CKRN\a N:TDW _D=U. &=KUA NKQK, RIbARN?IAN
TKUUA=ZART:P N:YC:, ? RKKN?ANRN?DD R TKNK=KY c7& CA K^Pd:CM KNT=M?:N\ DC_K=U:[Da K
TKCN=:TN:W. iNK N:TGA CA R<KRK^RN?IAN <K?MOACDa <=Kd=:ZCKRND, TKNK=:P CAK^WKHDU:,
ZNK^M CA NK@\TK DdÂG:N\ TK==I<[DD, CK D RCDdDN\ ?A=KPNCKRN\ ?KdCDTCK?ACDP <=K^@AUM
ÂRTKCN=K@\CKRND <=D DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW _D=U QKRIH:=RN?KU.
$A R@AHIAN N:TGA d:^M?:N\, ZNK Q@:?C:P [A@\ c7&, T:T TKUUA=ZARTKY RN=ITNI=M
Dd?@AZACDA <=D^M@D. )KgNKUI d:Z:RNIa KCD UKQIN ^MN\ d:DCNA=ARK?:CM ? d:NPQD?:CDD
TKC_@DTNK?. iNI ?KdUKGCKRN\ CA RNKDN <=AI?A@DZD?:N\, KHC:TK CA DRT@aZACK, ZNK DUAaN
UARNK R@IZ:D @K^^D=K?:CDP <=AHRN:?DNA@PUD c7& NAW D@D DCMW <K@DNDZARTDW =AOACDY D
H:GA R:CT[DY ? KNCKOACDD CATKNK=MW RN=:C ? NKU <KCDU:CDD, T:T gNK ?MQKHCK
TKU<:CDPU
169
. &=KUA NKQK, TKUUA=ZARTDY W:=:TNA= H:CCMW K=Q:CDd:[DY d:Z:RNIa UKGAN
<=D?KHDN\ T NKUI, ZNK, RN:=:PR\ RgTKCKUDN\, KCD UKQIN <=AHKRN:?@PN\ R?KDU RKN=IHCDT:U
CAT:ZARN?ACCKA K^K=IHK?:CDA D KÛICHD=K?:CDA, T:T gNK ^M@K <=KHAUKCRN=D=K?:CK C:
<=DUA=A TKU<:CDD /@gTIKNA= ? 2=:TA.
+be KHCKY ?:GCKY <=K^@AUKY P?@PANRP NKN _:TN, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?K, DHP C:
d:T@aZACDA TKCN=:TNK? R c7&, RK ?=AUACAU <K<:H:AN ? d:?DRDUKRN\ KN TKCT=ANCKQK
<KRN:?bDT: IR@IQ. +R@D =:C\OA, QKRIH:=RN?K ? [A@KU R:UKRNKPNA@\CK ^M@K R<KRK^CK
KÂR<AZDN\ _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDA RK^RN?ACCKY :=UDD, NK RAQKHCP ?KdCDT:AN RDNI:[DP, TKQH:
QKRIH:=RN?K D =:HK ^M@K ^M KNT:d:N\RP KN IR@IQ c7&, CK d:?DRDUKRN\ D <=D?PdT: T
<KRN:?bDTI C:RNK@\TK RD@\C:, ZNK RHA@:N\ gNK <=:TNDZARTD CA?KdUKGCK H:GA ?
QKRIH:=RN?:W R KZAC\ =:d?DNKY ?KACCKY DC_=:RN=ITNI=KY. 4ZAC\ NKZCK R@KGD?OIaRP
RDNI:[Da R_K=UI@D=K?:@ )DNA= 0K==AC DCQA=. 4C <DOAN, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?: <K<:@D ?

169
0gRRA@A= -. 0T:d. RKZ. . 215-219.
77

<K=KZCMY T=IQ: KCD CA UKQIN KHA=G:N\ <KÂHI, DR<K@\dIP c7&, CK D DHND C: ?KYCI Âd
CDW KCD N:TGA CA ? RKRNKPCDD
170
.
7 R<A[D:@DdD=K?:CCKU GI=C:@A EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM l", d:CDU:abAURP
?K<=KR:UD ?KACCKY @KQDRNDTD "=UD VKHGDRNDOD:C (:CQ@. Army Logistician), :?NK=M
<DOIN K NKU, ZNK ?KACCMA IGA RN:@TD?:aNRP R RA=\edCMUD <=K^@AU:UD ? R?PdD R
DR<K@\dK?:CDAU c7&
171
. 7 RN:N\A KNUAZACK, ZNK:
1. 4NRINRN?DA DCNAQ=D=K?:CCKY RDRNAUM TKUUICDT:[DY ? d:TI<T:W D @KQDRNDTA
RCDG:AN I=K?AC\ TKK=HDC:[DD UAGHI NAUD, TNK d:CDU:ANRP RC:^GACDAU, D NAUD, H@P TKQK
KCK <=AHC:dC:ZACK. &=KUA NKQK KNRINRN?IaN RN:CH:=NM D N=A^K?:CDP, TKNK=MA
IRN:C:?@D?:@D <=:?D@: H@P ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI RC:^GAC[:UD D K<A=:ND?CMU
TKU:CHK?:CDAU.
2. )KNKT <A=RKC:@: D U:NA=D:@K?, TKNK=MA <=AHKRN:?@PaN c7&, CDT:T CA IZDNM?:ANRP
D CA TKCN=K@D=IANRP <=D RKRN:?@ACDD <@:CD=K?:CDP.
3. &:GH:P Dd :=UAYRTDW R@IG^ DUAAN RK^RN?ACCMA <=KQ=:UUM D <K@DNDTD H@P
?d:DUKHAYRN?DP R c7&, d:CDU:abDUDRP RC:^GACDAU. 4CD R@:^K R?Pd:CM H=IQ R H=IQKU,
Z:RNK HI^@D=IaN KHC: H=IQIa D <K-=:dCKUI I<=:?@PaNRP.
7Re gNK <=D?KHDN T C:=IOACDa ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP, TKK=HDC:[DD D TKCN=K@P C: NA:N=A
?KACCMW HAYRN?DY. &=KUA NKQK, ? R@IZ:PW RK RC:^GACDAU ?KdCDT:aN <=K^@AUM R
CAHKRN:NTKU, : DCKQH: D <A=ADd^MNTKU <KRN:?KT CAK^WKHDUMW U:NA=D:@K?,
TKU<@ATNIabDW, <=KHK?K@\RN?DP. 7RA <A=AZDR@ACCMA ?MOA <=K^@AUM ? [A@KU <=D?KHPN T
RCDGACDa ^KA?KY QKNK?CKRND ?KYRT D DW UKND?:[DD, ZNK UKGAN P?@PN\RP T=DNDZCMU H:GA
? IR@K?DPW ÂRTKCN:TNCKY ?KYCM D QKR<KHRN?: ?MRKTKNAWCK@KQDZCMW RDRNAU D R@KGCKY
NAWCDTD.
&:TDUD ^M =:d?DNMUD NAWCK@KQDD CD ^M@D, I<=:?@PaN DUD @aHD. " KHC: Dd
<=K^@AU, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN ? R?PdD R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU c7&, - ?@DPCDA C: RNA<AC\
UKND?:[DD @DZCKQK RKRN:?:, K ZeU ^M@K RT:d:CK ?MOA. &:T KNUAZ:AN DRR@AHK?:NA@\CD[:
NKTQK@\URTKQK DCRNDNIN: DRR@AHK?:CDP <=K^@AU UD=: &:=K@DC pK@UT?DRN, Q:=:CNDY
NKQK, ZNK N: D@D DC:P c7& CA C:=IODN K^Pd:NA@\RN?, TKNK=MA HK@GC: ?M<K@CDN\ ?
RKKN?ANRN?DD R TKCN=:TNKU, ? R@IZ:A ?KdCDTCK?ACDP Z=Ad?MZ:YCK RDNI:[DD, CA

170
Singer P.W. Cant Win With Em , Cant Go to War Without Em // Foreign Policy at Brookings. 2007.
September. n 4. P. 2.
<http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2007/9/27militarycontractors/0927militarycontractors>
171
McPeak M., Ellis S. Managing Contractors in Joint Operations: Filling the Gaps in Doctrine // Army Logistician.
2004. Mar/Apr. Vol. 36. Issue 2. P. 6-9.
78

RIbARN?IAN
172
. ':TDA <=DUA=M R@IZ:@DR\ T:T ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA, N:T D C: /:@T:C:W.
)=DZDCKY, <K TKNK=KY c7& UKGAN KNT:d:N\RP ?M<K@CPN\ R?KD K^Pd:NA@\RN?:, UKGAN
P?@PN\RP HK?K@\CK ND<DZC:P H@P ?KYCM RDNI:[DP K<:RCKRN\ H@P GDdCD RKN=IHCDT: N:TKY
TKU<:CDD. 4HCDU Dd P=TDW <=DUA=K? N:TKY RDNI:[DD P?@PANRP DC[DHACN, <=KDdKOAHODY ?
2003 QKHI ? 2=:TA. 'KQH: <KR@A QDÂ@D CARTK@\TDW RKN=IHCDTK? c7& &g@@KQ /=:IC gCH
-IN, ^K@\O:P Z:RN\ KRN:?ODWRP Z@ACK? <A=RKC:@: CA NK@\TK KNT:d:@:R\ KN ?M<K@CACDP
R?KDW K^Pd:CCKRNAY, CK D <KTDCI@: <KdD[DD
173
.
)KHK^C:P RDNI:[DP P?@PANRP CA <=KRNK D@@aRN=:[DAY NKQK, T:T c7& UKQIN
KNT:d:N\RP KN ?M<K@CACDP R?KDW _ICT[DY D O:CN:GD=K?:N\ d:T:dZDT: (? H:CCKU R@IZ:A,
QKRIH:=RN?K). /K@AA ?:GCMU P?@PANRP NK, ZNK ? =PH:W RK@H:N D K_D[A=K?, TKNK=MA
RN:CK?PNRP d:@KGCDT:UD N:TDW DC[DHACNK?, =:RNeN CAHK?K@\RN?K CAN=IHCK <=AHRN:?DN\
RAÂ RKRNKPCDA RA=G:CN:, TKNK=KUI, C:<=DUA=, CA ^M@D ?K?=AUP HKRN:?@ACM ^KA<=D<:RM
?K ?=AUP KN=:GACDP :N:TD. 'K ARN\ c7& C:ZDC:aN HDTNK?:N\ R?KD IR@K?DP d:T:dZDTI, ZNK
P?@PANRP RK?A=OACCK CA<=DAU@AUMU, TKQH: =AZ\ DHeN K N:TKY KRK^KY K^@:RND, T:T ?KACC:P
R_A=:. )=D gNKU ? H:CCKU R@IZ:A ?UARNK <K@KGDNA@\CKQK gTKCKUDZARTKQK g__ATN:
?KdCDT:AN RK?A=OACCK <=KND?K<K@KGC:P RDNI:[DP, TKQH: N:T:P c7& UKGAN d:N=A^K?:N\
DdUACACDP IR@K?DY HKQK?K=:, <K RIbARN?I, O:CN:GD=IP QKRIH:=RN?K.
<DRKT <A=AZDR@ACCMW <=K^@AU ^M@ ^M CA<K@KC, AR@D ^M UM CA I<KUPCI@D K NKU,
ZNK ?RA NAK=ANDZARTDA <KRN=KACDP KNCKRDNA@\CK ?MQKH KN DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& ? IR@K?DPW
?KYC ZAN?e=NKQK <KTK@ACDP UKQIN =IWCIN\ T:T T:=NKZCMY HKUDT, AR@D <=KND?CDTKU ?Re GA
RN:CAN QKRIH:=RN?K R T=I<CKY :=UDAY
174
.
7 [A@KU, ?Kd=KRODY I=K?AC\ DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD <=D <=K?AHACDD
d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY UKGCK C:d?:N\ KN?ANKU C: TK=ACCMA DdUACACDP, <=KDRWKHPbDA R
:=UDPUD D ?KACCMUD âHGAN:U RN=:C, <K@\dIabDWRP IR@IQ:UD N:TDW RN=ITNI=. 7MQKHM
KN DW DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNK @AG:N RTK=AA ? <RDWK@KQDZARTKY <@KRTKRND: ?K
?d:DUKKNCKOACDPW ?@:RND D K^bARN?:, TKNK=KA Q=KUTK =A:QD=IAN C: @a^KA <=DUACACDA
:=UDD, D C: ?KdUKGCMA K<:RCKRND H@P GDdCAY R?KDW RK@H:N. )KUDUK gNKQK DR<K@\dK?:CDA
c7& R<KRK^CK <=DCARND gTKCKUDZARTIa ?MQKHI ? R@IZ:A <=D?@AZACDP DW <K d:<=KRI
H@P =AOACDP T=:NTKR=KZCMW d:H:Z. )=D gNKU ?KdCDT:abDA <=K^@AUM, T:T UDCDUIU,
RKDdUA=DUM R <=ADUIbARN?:UD KN <=DUACACDP Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI=.

172
Holmqvist C. Private Security Companies: The Case for Regulation // SIPRI Policy Paper. n9. 2005. January.
P.29 <http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP09.pdf>
173
Surowiecki J. Army, Inc. // The New Yorker. 2004. 12 January.
<http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/01/12/040112ta_talk_surowiecki>
174
U. Echevaria A.J. II Op. cit.
79

0HZGkSKMNK
)=DUA= T=I<CMW ?KACCMW T:U<:CDY, <=K?AHeCCMW KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD ?
"_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA, <KT:dM?:AN, C:RTK@\TK U:RON:^CMU UKGAN ^MN\ DR<K@\dK?:CDA
KNHA@\CK ?dPNMU QKRIH:=RN?KU c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY. -AZ\ DHeN T:T
K^ KQ=KUCKU TK@DZARN?A RKN=IHCDTK? c7&, <=D?@AT:AUMW T IZ:RNDa ? K<A=:[DD, N:T D K
_DC:CRK?MW R=AHRN?:W, <KN=:ZACCMW l" C: d:T@aZACDA TKCN=:TNK?. iND _:TNM CA@\dP
DQCK=D=K?:N\, c7& RN:CK?PNRP ?Re ^K@AA ?:GCMU DCRN=IUACNKU, TKNK=MU <K@\dIaNRP
RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?:. 4HC:TK H@P NKQK, ZNK^M gNKN DCRN=IUACN CA NK@\TK ^M@
g__ATND?CMU, CK D CA C:?=AHD@, RNKDN KRUMR@D?:N\, DdIZ:N\ D N?K=ZARTD <A=A=:^:NM?:N\
K<MN, TKNK=MY IGA ARN\ I QKRIH:=RN? `:<:H:. " KCD H:aN ^K@\OIa DC_K=U:[Da H@P
=:dUMO@ACDP.
)=DZDC NKQK, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?: ?Re :TND?CAA <=DÂQ:aN T DR<K@\dK?:CDa c7&,
HK?K@\CK UCKQK. &:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK, d: <KR@AHCDA H?: HARPND@ANDP <=KDdKOe@ =PH
DdUACACDY ? W:=:TNA=A D R<KRK^:W ?AHACDP ?KYCM, T@aZA?MW R_A=:W GDdCD K^bARN?:,
?@DPabDW C: DR<K@\dK?:CDA ?KACCKY RD@M, : N:TGA ? R:UDW 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@:W UCKQDW
RN=:C. )=DCPNDA RN=:NAQDZARTDW =AOACDY ?RAQH: H:?:@KR\ @DHA=:U CA@AQTK. AQKHCP GA
gNK RN:CK?DNRP Abe ^K@AA R@KGCKY d:H:ZAY ? R?PdD R IT:d:CCMUD ?MOA DdUACACDPUD. 6A@K
CA NK@\TK D CA RNK@\TK ? NKU, ZNK UACPANRP R:U K^=:d ?KYCM, : R CDU RN=:NAQDP, N:TNDT: D
TKC[A<[DD Ae ?AHACDP. 7 RK?=AUACCMW IR@K?DPW T:T CDTKQH: ?:GCMU P?@PANRP KNCKOACDA
K^bARN?: T <KNA=PU, TKNK=MA CAReN :=UDP QKRIH:=RN?: ? ?KYCA CA ?:GCK, T:TDA I gNKY
?KYCM [A@D D <=DZDCM.
)=DZDC <KHK^CMW DdUACACDY ? K^bARN?A UCKQK. iNK D ?Re ^K@AA <=KZCK
ITK=ACPabDARP ? RKdC:CDD @aHAY K^bAZA@K?AZARTDA QIU:CDN:=CMA [ACCKRND, D
CAQKNK?CKRN\ R:UDW <K@DNDZARTDW @DHA=K? <=DCDU:N\ RD@K?MA =AOACDP. /K@\OIa =K@\ ?
NKU, ZNK K^bARN?K RAQKHCP CAQ:ND?CK C:RN=KACK H:?:N\ R?Ke RKQ@:RDA C: IZ:RNDA :=UDY ?
?KACCMW HAYRN?DPW @a^KQK U:RON:^: D DCNACRD?CKRND, RMQ=:@K DRZAdCK?ACDA RK?ANRTKY
IQ=KdM, ^K=\^KY R TKNK=KY HK@QKA ?=AUP IH:?:@KR\ KôPRCPN\ KN<=:?TI ?KYRT d: =IÂG, D
K<=:?H:CCKRN\ GA=N? R=AHD RK^RN?ACCMW ?KACCMW. 2 ?Re gNK H:GA <=D NKU, ZNK ?
^K@\ODCRN?A d:<:HCMW RN=:C IGA <=KDdKOe@ <A=AWKH C: TKCN=:TNCMY <=DC[D<
TKU<@ATNK?:CDP 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@. 6@P NKQK, ZNK^M ?KA?:N\, RK@H:NI CIGC: DHAP. iNK
:TRDKU:.
80

':TDU K^=:dKU, QKRIH:=RN?:U ?Re N=IHCAA <=DUACPN\ :=UDa <=D ?KdCDTCK?ACDD
N:TKY <KN=A^CKRND. &=KUA ?RAQK <=KZAQK, gNK KN=:G:ANRP C: RTK=KRND D T:ZARN?A <=DCPNDP
RN=:NAQDZARTDW =AOACDY, N:T T:T <=KUAH@ACDA ? ?K<=KRA <=DUACACDP RD@M, AR@D gNK
HAYRN?DNA@\CK CAK^WKHDUK, UKGAN RNKDN\ QKRIH:=RN?I KZAC\ HK=KQK. ':TKY [ACKY UKQIN
^MN\ D GDdCD AQK RK@H:N. 7Re gNK <=D NKU, ZNK I=K?AC\ <KHQKNK?TD, UKND?:[DD D
QKNK?CKRND RK?=AUACCMW ?KDCK? <KH?A=Q:N\ =DRTI R?KD GDdCD dC:ZDNA@\CK CDGA, ZAU ?
<=AHMHIbDA ?=AUAC:.
7 NK GA ?=AUP I=K?AC\ D TK@DZARN?K IQ=Kd ? <KR@AHCDA HARPND@ANDP =:RNIN D
RN:CK?PNRP ^K@AA CA<=AHRT:dIAUMUD. 6@P <=KND?KHAYRN?DP gNDU IQ=Kd:U CA K^KYNDR\ Âd
<=DUACACDP ?KACCKY RD@M. 7 NKU ZDR@A H@P =AOACDP gNKY TKU<@ATRCKY <=K^@AUM
QKRIH:=RN?:UD ^M@ C:YHAC N:TKY CARN:CH:=NCMY R<KRK^: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7&. +QK
CAd:I=PHCKRN\ d:T@aZ:ANRP ? NKU, ZNK gNK D CA N=:HD[DKCCMY UANKH <=D?@AZACDP
C:eUCDTK?, D CA <K<MNT: RKdH:CDP RN=ITNI=M <K <=DC[D<I 2CKRN=:CCKQK @AQDKC:. )K
^K@\OKUI RZeNI gNK ZDRNK TKUUA=ZARTDY <IN\, KRCK?:CCMY C: <K@KGACDPW @DÂ=:@DdU::
c7& UKQIN RIbARN?K?:N\ D Âd TKCN=:TNK? RK RNK=KCM QKRIH:=RN?:, ?M<K@CPP d:T:dM
Z:RNCMW @D[, TKU<:CDY D TK=<K=:[DY D@D UAGHIC:=KHCMW K=Q:CDd:[DY; QKRIH:=RN?: GA
<=DÂQ:aN T DW IR@IQ:U NK@\TK TKQH: ?KdCDT:AN N:T:P <KN=A^CKRN\. 2 ? gNKU d:T@aZ:ANRP
Abe KHDC ?:GCMY H@P -KRRDD I=KT: <=DÂQ:N\ T IR@IQ:U c7& R@AHIAN NK@\TK ? R@IZ:A
HAYRN?DNA@\CKY CAK^WKHDUKRND D, T:T ? R@IZ:A R :INRK=RDCQKU, H@P KR?K^KGHACDP
R@IG:bDW KN CAR?KYRN?ACCMW DU _ICT[DY.
$: <=DUA=A DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& KAHDCeCCMUD lN:N:UD <=D <=K?AHACDD
K<A=:[DD ? "_Q:CDRN:CA WK=KOK ?DHCK, ZNK <=D?@AZACDA Z:RNCMW TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI=
R<KRK^CK RCDdDN\ C:<=PGeCCKRN\ ? K^bARN?A, TKNK=:P ?KdCDT:AN <=D <K<MNTA I?A@DZDN\
TK@DZARN?K KN<=:?@PAUMW H@P IZ:RNDP ? ?KYCA ?KYRT. iNKN <=DUA= <KT:dM?:AN, ZNK
?KdUKGCK I?A@DZDN\ ZDR@K =A:@\CK d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ? K<A=:[DD @aHAY, CA KN=:G:P ?
K^bAY ZDR@ACCKRND d:HAYRN?K?:CCMW ?KYRT RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. 'K ARN\ TKQH: I QKRIH:=RN?:
ARN\ <KRNKPCCK HKRNI<C:P ?KdUKGCKRN\ <=DÂQCIN\ T IR@IQ:U c7& <K d:<=KRI,
<=:?DNA@\RN?I <=KbA HK^DN\RP KHK^=ACDP K^bARN?: H@P KN<=:?TD ?KYRT d: =IÂG.
4ôPRCPANRP gNK NAU, ZNK UKGCK RKQ@:RK?:N\ DR<K@\dK?:CDA T:TKQK-NK ZDR@: RK@H:N
RK^RN?ACCKY :=UDD, CK <K _:TNI ? N:TKY K<A=:[DD ÎHAN d:HAYRN?K?:CK dC:ZDNA@\CK
^K@\OA @aHAY. )=D gNKU =:RWKHM UKGCK KN=:dDN\ ? R:UMW =:dCMW âHGANCMW RN:N\PW, :
CA IZDNM?:N\ DW NK@\TK T:T =:RWKHM EDCDRNA=RN?: K^K=KCM D@D H=IQDW RD@K?MW
?AHKURN?, ? TKU<ANAC[DD TKNK=MW C:WKHDNRP <=K?AHACDA ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY.
81

2R<K@\dK?:CDA c7& UKGAN =AO:N\ D H=IQIa <=K^@AUI RK?=AUACCKQK
<=:?DNA@\RN?: ? IR@K?DPW <=K?AHACDP ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD. -AZ\ K NKU, ZNK R?KHT: <K
I^DNMU D =:CACMU RKN=IHCDT:U c7& CA ?T@aZ:ANRP ? ZDR@K K^bDW R?AHACDY I^DNMW C:
<K@PW R=:GACDY. 2d gNKQK R@AHIAN, ZNK, DR<K@\dIP c7&, <=:?DNA@\RN?: UKQIN RIbARN?ACCK
I@IZODN\ K^bIa RN:NDRNDTI <KNA=\ QKRIH:=RN?: ? ?KACCKY K<A=:[DD. 0ZDNM?:P, ZNK
<=D?AHeCCMA <=DUA=M K<A=:[DY ? "_Q:CDRN:CA D 2=:TA <KT:dM?:aN, ZNK RKN=IHCDTK?
c7& ^K@\OA, ZAU R:UDW RK@H:N, : RN:NDRNDT: <KQDÔDW RKN=IHCDTK? ?AHeNRP KNHA@\CK, NK
<=DUA=CK <=KPRCPANRP I=K?AC\ DRT:GACDP =A:@\CKY T:=NDCM <KNA=\ ? gNDW K<A=:[DPW.
':TDU K^=:dKU, <=D RIbARN?IabDW R<KRK^:W ?AHACDP RN:NDRNDTD DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7&
<Kd?K@PAN <=:?DNA@\RN?:U HKRNDQ:N\ RCDGACDP C:<=PGeCCKRND, TKNK=:P, N:T D@D DC:ZA,
?KdCDT:AN ? K^bARN?A ? R?PdD R <=K?AHACDAU K<A=:[DY. 2dÂG:N\ GA=N? CA?KdUKGCK H:GA
<=D RK?=AUACCMW R<KRK^:W ?AHACDP ?KYCM R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU ÂRTKCN:TNCMW R=AHRN?.
$A@\dP d:^M?:N\ D K NKU, ZNK RIbARN?IAN Abe KHDC ?:GCMY UKUACN, N:TGA
R?Pd:CCMY R <A=?MUD H?IUP NAdDR:UD. )=:?DNA@\RN?:, C:WKHPbDARP I ?@:RND D@D
DCD[DD=IabDA <=K?AHACDA ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY, DUAaN ?RA O:CRM RCPN\ R RA^P
KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\ ? R@IZ:A ?KdCDTCK?ACDP T:TDW-@D^K CA<=DPNCMW R@IZ:A? R RKN=IHCDT:UD
c7&. 4N?ANRN?ACCKRN\ d: <KNA=D, TKNK=MA CARIN R:UD c7&, N:TGA ?RAQH: UKGCK
<A=A@KGDN\ C: =ITK?KHRN?K gNDW _D=U.
1KRIH:=RN?K UKGAN =AODN\ Abe KHCI <=K^@AUI, TKNK=:P ? @a^KU R@IZ:A ?KdCDT:AN
<=D <=DUACACDD 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@ d: =IÂGKU. -AZ\ DHeN K ?d:DUKHAYRN?DD R C:RA@ACDAU
RN=:CM, ? TKNK=KY <=DWKHDNRP HAYRN?K?:N\. iNK UKGAN <=KDRWKHDN\ ? =:UT:W
DR<K@\dK?:CDP TKC[A<[DD ?KACCK-Q=:GH:CRTKQK RKN=IHCDZARN?:. &:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK C:
<=DUA=A "_Q:CDRN:C: D 2=:T: (? KRKÂCCKRND <KT:d:NA@\CMU P?@PANRP :_Q:CRTDY R@IZ:Y),
c7& :TND?CK DR<K@\dIaN ? R?KAY =:^KNA RKN=IHCDTK?, TKNK=MW ?A=ÎaN R=AHD UARNCKQK
C:RA@ACDP. iNK UKGAN H:?:N\ <K@KGDNA@\CMY g__ATN: Z:RNDZCK =AO:ANRP <=K^@AU:
CAQ:ND?CKQK ?KR<=DPNDP DCKRN=:C[A? UARNCMUD GDNA@PUD, : N:TGA _K=UD=IANRP TKRNPT
UARNCMW ?KACCMW <=K_ARRDKC:@K? D <K?MO:ANRP I=K?AC\ <KHQKNK?TD IGA RIbARN?IabDW
? RN=:CA <=AHRN:?DNA@AY gNKY R_A=M HAPNA@\CKRND. 7Re gNK <K?MO:AN O:CRM C: NK, ZNK
<KR@A IWKH: 7KK=IGeCCMW RD@ QKRIH:=RN?:, TKNK=KA <=K?KHDN K<A=:[Da, UARNCMA ?@:RND
RUKQIN ?dPN\ RDNI:[Da <KH R?KY RN=KQDY TKCN=K@\.
<K=CMU P?@PANRP ?K<=KR K^ gTKCKUDZARTKY g__ATND?CKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7&.
)K T=:YCAY UA=A, KC CA DdIZAC HK TKC[:. 4NRINRN?IaN NKZCMA H:CCMA K U:NA=D:@\CKY
?MQKHA D@D <KNA=PW, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN I QKRIH:=RN?: ? R@IZ:A <=DUACACDP c7& ?UARNK
82

=AQI@P=CKY :=UDD. 6:N\ TKCT=ANCMY D KHCKdC:ZCMY KN?AN C: ?K<=KR K^ gTKCKUDZARTKY
g__ATND?CKRND <=DUACACDP c7& UM CA UKGAU, N:T T:T CA P?@PAURP gTKCKUDRN:UD.
4HC:TK UKGCK RHA@:N\ HKRN:NKZCK @KQDZCMY ?M?KH: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& UKGCK RZDN:N\
gTKCKUDZARTD g__ATND?CMU <=D <=K?AHACDD T=:NTKR=KZCMW K<A=:[DY, N:T T:T ?MQKH:
<=D?@AZACDP Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= d:T@aZ:ANRP DUACCK ? <=DUACACDD DW <K d:<=KRI.
iTKCKUDP =:RWKHK? HKRNDQ:ANRP d: RZeN NKQK, ZNK QKRIH:=RN?K CA N=:NDN _DC:CRK?MA
R=AHRN?: C: RKHA=G:CDA :=UDD, KÎZACDA CK?MW RK@H:N ? UD=CKA ?=AUP. 7 R@IZ:A GA
?KdCDTCK?ACDP N:TKY CAK^WKHDUKRND, QKRIH:=RN?K ? KNCKRDNA@\CK TK=KNTDA R=KTD UKGAN
<K@IZDN\ ? R?Ke =:R<K=PGACDA <=K_ARRDKC:@\CMW ^KY[K?, TKNK=MW <=AHKRN:?PN DU c7&.
7 R@IZ:A GA <=K?AHACDP H@DNA@\CKY K<A=:[DD <=ADUIbARN?K ? ?DHA gTKCKUDD
U:NA=D:@\CMW =ARI=RK? CD?A@D=IANRP ?MRKTKY RNKDUKRN\a TKCN=:TNK? R c7& <K
R=:?CACDa R =AQI@P=CKY :=UDAY CAd:?DRDUK KN <=DC[D<: TKU<@ATNK?:CDP.
2dUACACDA W:=:TNA=: ?KYCM N=AÎAN, ZNK^M <=K_ARRDKC:@M ? ?KACCKY R_A=A ^M@D
T?:@D_D[D=K?:CCMUD R<A[D:@DRN:UD, R<KRK^CMUD I<=:?@PN\ D K^R@IGD?:N\ R@KGCMA
?MRKTKNAWCK@KQDZCMA RDRNAUM, DR<K@\dIabDARP ? IR@K?DPW ÂRTKCN:TNCMW ?KYC. 7Re
Z:bA <=DWKHDNRP <=DÂQ:N\ T IR@IQ:U Q=:GH:CRTKQK <A=RKC:@:, TKNK=MY UKGAN
<=D?@AT:N\RP <KR=AHRN?KU c7&. 7 ?KYC:W CK?KQK <KTK@ACDP Z:RNK <=DWKHDNRP ?KA?:N\
<=KND? CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMW :TNK=K?. 2R<K@\dK?:CDA c7&, TKNK=MA <K R?KAY <=D=KHA
RWKGD R <=KND?CDTKU, N:TGA UKGAN RI@DN\ ?MQKHI, KHC:TK gNKN ?K<=KR N=AÎAN ^K@AA
<KH=K^CKQK DdIZACDP.
7KACC:P R_A=: P?@PANRP KRK^KY dKCKY QKRIH:=RN?ACCMW DCNA=ARK?. )KgNKUI
@a^KUI QKRIH:=RN?I, ? TKNK=KU <@:CD=IANRP DR<K@\dK?:N\ c7&, R@AHIAN <KUCDN\ K NKU,
ZNK <=D?@AZACDA Z:RNCMW RN=ITNI= R<KRK^CK <K=KHDN\ RA=\edCMA <=K^@AUM. $A@\dP CA
<=DdC:?:N\ _:TNM <K@KGDNA@\CKQK ?@DPCDP c7& C: =AOACDA =PH: <=K^@AU, R TKNK=MUD
RN:@TD?:aNRP RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY. 4HC:TK,
T:T UM ?DHA@D, DR<K@\dK?:CDA TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI= d:Z:RNIa CA R<KRK^CK =AODN\ =PH
?K<=KRK?, TKNK=MA RIbARN?IaN <=D DR<K@\dK?:CDD N=:HD[DKCCMW :=UDY, : DCKQH:
<K=KGH:AN CK?MA.
)=AGHA ?RAQK, CA RNKDN C:HAPN\RP, ZNK c7& =AO:N N:TIa <=K^@AUI, T:T CAIRN:?CMA
KNCKOACDP. iN: <=K^@AU: CDTIH: CA DRZAd:AN CAd:?DRDUK KN NKQK, TKCN=:TNC:P @D ?
QKRIH:=RN?A :=UDP, <=DdM?C:P D@D GA OD=KTK DR<K@\dIaNRP c7&. &:T ^M@K <KT:d:CK C:
<=DUA=A c7&, HAYRN?IabAY ? "_Q:CDRN:CA, R@IZ:D HAHK?bDCM <=KHK@G:aN
<=KDRWKHDN\ <IRN\ D ? H=IQDW _K=U:W.
83

&K@DZARN?K D =AdKC:CR DC[DHACNK?, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN ? R?PdD R DR<K@\dK?:CDAU
c7&, P?@PANRP RIbARN?ACCMU. 7Re gNK ?MdM?:AN RD@\CIa =A:T[Da KNNK=GACDP R=AHD
UARNCKQK C:RA@ACDP, ZNK ? K^bAU D [A@KU K<=AHA@PAN CAQ:ND?CKA KNCKOACDA D RN=:W,
TKNK=MA DR<MNM?:aN Q=:GH:CA RN=:CM, ? TKNK=KY <=KWKHDN K<A=:[DP. iNK <=KDRWKHDN ?CA
d:?DRDUKRND KN Q=:GH:CRN?: RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. 'K ARN\ <K@KGDNA@\CMY g__ATN, TKNK=MY
H:eN <=D?@AZACDA TKUUA=ZARTDUD RN=ITNI=:UD RKN=IHCDTK? Dd ZDR@: UARNCMW Q=:GH:C, ?
dC:ZDNA@\CKY RNA<ACD R?KHDNRP C: CAN ? =AdI@\N:NA N:TDW Q=KUTDW HA@. 7Re gNK
IRIQI^@PANRP KNCKRDNA@\CKY ÂdC:T:d:CCKRN\a RKN=IHCDTK? c7&. 2W RN:NIR HK RDW <K=
ZeNTK CA K<=AHA@eC, D KCD UKQIN CA <KH<:H:N\ <KH a=DRHDT[Da QKRIH:=RN?:, C:
NA==DNK=DD TKNK=KQK C:WKHPNRP D HAYRN?IaN. iNK CAK^WKHDUK IZDNM?:N\ @a^KUI
QKRIH:=RN?I: T:T NAU, TKNK=MA <@:CD=IaN =:d?D?:N\ ?KACCK-Q=:GH:CRTKA RKN=IHCDZARN?K,
N:T D NAU, ? TKNK=MW gNK CA K_K=U@ACK ? TKC[A<[Da. 4NHA@\CK RNKDN KNUANDN\, ZNK,
IZDNM?:P CARK?A=OACRN?K UAGHIC:=KHCKQK d:TKCKH:NA@\RN?: ? gNKY R_A=A, -KRRDD RNKDN
:TND?CK IZ:RN?K?:N\ ? K^RIGHACDD D =:d=:^KNTA =AQI@D=IabDW HAPNA@\CKRN\ c7&
d:TKCK? C: UAGHIC:=KHCMW <@Kb:HT:W, KNRN:D?:P RK^RN?ACCMA DCNA=ARM ? gNKY K^@:RND.
6=IQ:P <=K^@AU:, R TKNK=KY RN:@TD?:aNRP RK?=AUACCMA QKRIH:=RN?: <=D
<=DUACACDD c7& ? d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DPW, ?Md?:C: NAU, ZNK C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ CA
RIbARN?IAN C:@:GACCKY RDRNAUM ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP UAGHI :=UDAY, RKN=IHCDT:UD c7& D
R:UDUD _D=U:UD. $A RIbARN?IAN D _K=U:@\CKQK C:^K=: <=:?D@ gNKQK ?d:DUKHAYRN?DP. &:T
^M@K <KT:d:CK, c7& d:Z:RNIa CA RZDN:aNRP R K^bAY ?KACCKY K^RN:CK?TKY, D gNK
<=K?K[D=IAN K<:RCMA RDNI:[DD. 4NRINRN?IaN UAW:CDdUM KÛAC: DC_K=U:[DAY. 7
=AdI@\N:NA, RKN=IHCDTD c7& UKQIN CA DUAN\ HKRNI<: T ?:GCKY DC_K=U:[DD, ? TKNK=KY KCD
d:DCNA=ARK?:CM D TKNK=:P UKGAN ^MN\ I :=UDD. 2 C:K^K=KN. 4NRINRN?IaN ZeNTK
<=KHIU:CCMA D <KCPNCMA <=K[AHI=M TKK=HDC:[DD HAYRN?DY c7& D :=UDD. KN=IHCDTD
c7& CA <KHZDCPaNRP :=UAYRTDU TKU:CHD=:U, N:T T:T KCD d:T@aZ:aN TKCN=:TN DUACCK R
_D=U:UD, : CA R <=:?DNA@\RN?KU D@D ?AHKURN?KU QKRIH:=RN?:. )=D gNKU KRCK?C:P
KN?ANRN?ACCKRN\, N:T D@D DC:ZA, @AGDN C: ?KACCMW. 4^ gNDW <=K^@AU:W CAK^WKHDUK
<KUCDN\, AR@D <@:CD=IANRP DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& C: <K@A ^KP RK?UARNCK R ?KYRT:UD.
1KRIH:=RN?K, TKNK=KA <@:CD=IAN =:d?D?:N\ =MCKT c7& H@P DR<K@\dK?:CDP DW ?
R?KDW [A@PW, HK@GCK N:TGA =:d=:^KN:N\ <=K[AHI=M, DRT@aZ:abDA ?A=KPNCKRN\
TK==I<[DKCCKY RKRN:?@PabAY <=D d:T@aZACDD TKCN=:TNK? UAGHI ?AHKURN?:UD D c7&. 7
<=KND?CKU R@IZ:A UKGAN ?KdCDTCIN\ RDNI:[DP, TKQH: Z:RNCMA RN=ITNI=M ÎHIN HDTNK?:N\
QKRIH:=RN?I R?KD IR@K?DP, UKGAN ?KdCDTCIN\ <=D?PdT: T <KRN:?bDTI. 7Re gNK CA
<K?MO:AN g__ATND?CKRND DR<K@\dK?:CDP TKUUA=ZARTDW RN=ITNI= ? ?KACCKY R_A=A.
84

4^bARN?ACCMY D Q=:GH:CRTDY TKCN=K@\ C:H HAPNA@\CKRN\a c7& ? dC:ZDNA@\CKY
RNA<ACD d:N=IHCeC. iNK CA R<KRK^RN?IAN <K?MOACDa <=Kd=:ZCKRND, TKNK=:P CAK^WKHDU:,
ZNK^M CA NK@\TK DdÂG:N\ TK==I<[DD, CK D RCDdDN\ ?A=KPNCKRN\ ?KdCDTCK?ACDP <=K^@AUM
ÂRTKCN=K@\CKRND <=D DR<K@\dK?:CDD Z:RNCMW _D=U QKRIH:=RN?KU. 4^ gNKU HK@GCM
<KUCDN\ T:T QKRIH:=RN?:, ? TKNK=MW =:d?DN: <=K[AHI=: Q=:GH:CRTKQK TKCN=K@P, CK Abe
^K@AA ?:GCMU gNK P?@PANRP H@P RN=:C, QHA <KHK^C:P <=:TNDT: <KT: CA =:R<=KRN=:CAC:.
1KRIH:=RN?K, TKNK=KA RN:?DN RAÂ d:H:ZI =:d?D?:N\ R_A=I DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7&,
HK@GCK N:TGA =:d=:^KN:N\ <=K[AHI=M H@P =AQI@D=K?:CDP DW HAPNA@\CKRND. $A R@AHIAN
d:^M?:N\, ZNK Q@:?C:P [A@\ c7&, T:T TKUUA=ZARTKY RN=ITNI=M Dd?@AZACDA <=D^M@D. iNK
dC:ZDN, ZNK d:Z:RNIa, RN:=:PR\ RgTKCKUDN\, KCD UKQIN <=AHKRN:?@PN\ R?KDU RKN=IHCDT:U
CAT:ZARN?ACCKA K^K=IHK?:CDA D KÛICHD=K?:CDA, T:T gNK ^M@K <=KHAUKCRN=D=K?:CK C:
<=DUA=A CATKNK=MW TKU<:CDY. 2UACCK H@P NKQK, ZNK^M DdÂG:N\ gNKQK, CAK^WKHDUK
GeRNTKA =AQI@D=K?:CDA RK RNK=KCM QKRIH:=RN?:, RKdH:CDA AHDCMW <=:?D@ D <K@DNDT.
DNI:[DP, TKQH: QKRIH:=RN?K <K<:H:AN ? d:?DRDUKRN\ KN TKCT=ANCKQK <KRN:?bDT:
IR@IQ, CA =AHTKRN\ T:T ? R@IZ:A R c7&, N:T D <=D :INRK=RDCQA. $A@\dP, ZNK^M R@KGD@:R\
T:=NDC:, TKQH: QKRIH:=RN?K D =:HK ^M@K ^M KNT:d:N\RP KN IR@IQ c7&, CK CA UKGAN RHA@:N\
gNKQK Dd-d: <=D?PdTD T <KRN:?bDTI. iNKN ?K<=KR C: RAQKHCPOCDY HAC\ KZAC\ :TNI:@AC H@P
-KRRDYRTKY kAHA=:[DD. 2dÂG:N\ gNKY <=K^@AUM UKGCK, AR@D DR<K@\dK?:N\
HD__A=AC[D=K?:CCMA <KHWKHM T =AOACDa ?K<=KR:. iNK dC:ZDN, ZNK <=DUACACDA c7& (D@D
:INRK=RDCQ:) CA HK@GCK <K@CKRN\a d:UACPN\ R@KGD?ODWRP <=K[AHI=.
':TDU K^=:dKU, ?Kd=KRODY I=K?AC\ DR<K@\dK?:CDP c7& QKRIH:=RN?:UD <=D
<=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW K<A=:[DY, ? K^bAU D [A@KU UKGCK C:d?:N\ KN?ANKU C: TK=ACCMA
DdUACACDP, <=KDRWKHPbDA R :=UDPUD D ?KACCMUD âHGAN:U RN=:C, <K@\dIabDWRP
IR@IQ:UD N:TDW RN=ITNI=. 2W DR<K@\dK?:CDA R<KRK^CK =AODN\ =PH W:=:TNA=CMW H@P
RAQKHCPOCAQK HCP <=K^@AU: T:T gTKCKUDZARTKQK, <K@DNDTK-RK[D:@\CKQK W:=:TNA=:, N:T D
RIQI^K ?KACCMW. 7UARNA R NAU, gNK <K=KGH:AN D RA=\edCMA <=K^@AUM. 4HC:TK <=D
Q=:UKNCKU <KHWKHA D RN=KQKU QKRIH:=RN?ACCKU TKCN=K@A C:H HAPNA@\CKRN\a c7& DW
UKGCK AR@D D CA =AODN\ <K@CKRN\a, NK dC:ZDNA@\CK RCDdDN\ =DRTD, TKNK=MA ?KdCDT:aN KN
DR<K@\dK?:CDP QKRIH:=RN?:UD c7& <=D <=K?AHACDD d:=IÂGCMW T:U<:CDY. 2QCK=D=K?:N\
?:GCMA NACHAC[DD CA@\dP, CK D R@A<KA TK<D=K?:CDA K<MN: CA R<KRK^RN?IAN IR<AWI. 7Re
gNK CAK^WKHDUK IZDNM?:N\ -KRRDYRTKY kAHA=:[DD, <=D <=DCPNDD d:TKC: K
QKRIH:=RN?ACCKU TKCN=K@A C:H c7&. 'KQH: DR<K@\dK?:CDA c7& ÎHAN HAYRN?DNA@\CK
R@IGDN\ ?K ^@:QK C:[DKC:@\CMU DCNA=AR:U -KRRDD.
85

,]UVSMNZN N GNUK[HUc[H
,]UVSMNZN

<VZcTKMU_ TKlOcMH[VOMV-`[HJVJVFV eH[HZUK[H
1. 6KTIUACN EKCN=e K RKKN?ANRN?IabDW UAGHIC:=KHCK-<=:?K?MW K^Pd:NA@\RN?:W D
<A=AHK?MW <=:TNDZARTDW UANKH:W QKRIH:=RN?, T:R:abDWRP _ICT[DKCD=K?:CDP
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? <A=DKH ?KK=IGACCKQK TKC_@DTN:.
<http://daccess-dds-
2. 6K<K@CDNA@\CMY <=KNKTK@ T rACA?RTDU TKC?AC[DPU KN 12 :?QIRN: 1949 QKH:,
T:R:abDYRP d:bDNM GA=N? UAGHIC:=KHCMW ?KK=IGeCCMW TKC_@DTNK?
<http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/2013/ap_i_rus.pdf>
3. EAGHIC:=KHC:P TKC?AC[DP K ^K=\Â R ?A=^K?TKY, DR<K@\dK?:CDAU,
_DC:CRD=K?:CDAU D KÎZACDAU C:AUCDTK? KN 4 HAT:^=P 1989 QKH:.
<http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/mercen.shtml>
4. EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP Z:RNCMW KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // 4_D[D:@\CMY
R:YN &KHATR:
<http://www.icoc-
psp.org/uploads/International_Code_of_Conduct_for_Private_Security_Providers_-
_Russian.pdf>

<VZcTKMU_ N THUK[NHG_ FV]cOH[]UJKMM_e V[FHMVJ -m3
1. Audit of USAID/Afghanistans Oversight of Private Security Contractors in Afghanistan.
Audit Report n 5-306-10-009. 2010. 21 May.
<http://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-reports/5-306-10-009-p.pdf>
2. Audit of USAID/Iraqs Oversight of Private Security Contractors in Iraq. Audit Report
nE-267-09-002-P. 2009. 4 March. <http://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-
reports/e-267-09-002-p.pdf>
3. CENTCOM Quarterly Contractor Census Reports
<http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/PS/CENTCOM_reports.html>
4. Comprehensive Plan For Audits of Private Security Contractors to Meet the
Requirements of Section 842 of Public Law 110-181 // Office of The Special Inspector
General For Iraq Reconstruction. 2009. 8 May.
<http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/Section_842.pdf>
5. Contingency Operations. Army Should Do More To Control Contract Cost in The
Balkans // United States General Accounting Office. 2000. September
<http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/90440.pdf>
6. CONTRACTOR SUPPORT OF U.S. OPERATIONS IN THE USCENTCOM AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY, IRAQ, AND AFGHANISTAN
7. CRS Report to Congress. Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status,
and Other Issues // Congressional Research Service. 2008. 25 August.
<http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32419.pdf>
86

8. Iraq Coalition Casualties: Contractors // Official Page of Iraq Coalition Casualty Count
<http://icasualties.org/Iraq/Contractors.aspx>
9. Letter for Secretary of State. Monitoring Responsibilities for Serious Incidents Involving
Private Security Contractors Once U.S. Military Forces Leave Iraq Have Not Been
Determined (SIGIR 11-019) // Special Inspector General For Iraq Reconstruction.
<http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/11-019.pdf>
10. Private Military Contractors in Iraq: an Examination of Blackwaters Actions in Fallujah
// United States House of Representatives. Committee on Oversight and Government
Reform. 2007. September. <http://www.c-span.org/pdf/blackwater100207.pdf>
11. Quarterly Reports and Semiannual Reports To Congress of The Special Inspector
General for Iraq Reconstruction // Official page of The Special Inspector General for Iraq
Reconstruction < http://www.sigir.mil/publications/quarterlyreports/index.html >
12. Transforming Wartime Contracting. Controlling costs, reducing risks // Commission on
Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan. 2011. August.
<http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/cwc/20110929213820/http://www.wartimeco
ntracting.gov/docs/CWC_FinalReport-lowres.pdf>
13. Troop Levels in the Afghan and Iraq Wars, FY2001-2012: Cost and Other Potential
Issues // Congressional Research Service.
<http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40682.pdf>

,MiV[THPNa ] ViNPNHGQM_e ]HbUVJ SH]UM_e JVKMM_e ZVT`HMNb
1. 2C_K=U:[DP R 4_D[D:@\CKQK R:YN: TKU<:CDD Academi <http://academi.com/>
2. 2C_K=U:[DP R 4_D[D:@\CKQK R:YN: TKU<:CDD Kellog Brown and Root
<http://www.kbr.com/>
3. 2C_K=U:[DP R 4_D[D:@\CKQK R:YN: TKU<:CDD EK=:C AT\a=DND 1=I<<
<http://moran-group.org/ru/index/index>
4. 2C_K=U:[DP R K_D[D:@\CKQK R:YN: TKU<:CDD -/-1=I<< <http://www.rsb-
group.ru/>

5VJV]UM_K [K]c[]_
1. )INDC <KHHA=G:@ DHAa RKdH:CDP ? -KRRDD Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW TKU<:CDY // -2"
$K?KRND. <http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20120411/623227984.html>
2. c:RNCMY ^DdCAR. 6UDN=DY -KQKdDC QKNK? <IRNDN\ ? ?KACCIa KN=:R@\
CAQKRIH:=RN?ACCMA TKU<:CDD // 7dQ@PH.
<http://vz.ru/economy/2012/9/19/598809.html>
3. Abu Ghraib abuse firms are rewarded // The Guardian. 2005. 16 January.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jan/16/usa.iraq>
4. Afghan president accuses US-trained guards of killing police chief // The Guardian.
2009. 29 June. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/29/karzai-accuses-guards-
police-killing>
5. Afghan Security Guards Are Blamed in a Gun Battle That Killed a Police Chief // The
New York Times. 2009. 29 June.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/world/asia/30afghan.html?_r=0>
6. Company Kept Kabul Security Contract Despite Record // The New York Times. 2009.
11 September.
87

<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/12/world/asia/12secure.html?ref=gurkhas&_r=0>
7. Controversial security firm loses Kabul contract // The Washington Post. 2009. 8
December. <http://voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-
eye/2009/12/controversial_security_firm_lo.html>
8. Decision on Afghan Troop Levels Calculates Political and Military Interests // The New
York Times. 2013. 12 February.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/us/politics/obama-to-announce-troops-
return.html?_r=0>
9. DynCorps Assignment: Protect Afghan Leader // The Washington Post. 2002. 2
December.
10. Dick Cheneys Halliburton: a corporate case study // The Guardian. 2011. 8 June.
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/jun/08/dick-cheney-
halliburton-supreme-court>
11. Foreign contractors hired Afghan dancing boys, WikiLeaks reveals // The Guardian.
2010. 2 December. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/02/foreign-contractors-
hired-dancing-boys>
12. Initial United States Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A) Assesment. 2009. 30 August.
<http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/politics/documents/Assessment_Redacted_092109.pdf>
13. Karzai to scrap booming private security industry in Afghanistan // The Guardian. 2010.
16 August. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/16/karzai-ends-private-security>
14. Marines Jail Contractors in Iraq // Corp Watch. 2005. 7 June.
<http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=12349>
15. Misconduct Claimed at U.S. Embassy in Kabul // The New York Times. 2009. 1
September. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/02/world/asia/02embassy.html?_r=1&>
16. Report on Iraq Security Lists 310 Contractors // The New York Times. 2008. 28 October.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/29/world/middleeast/29protect.html?_r=0>
17. Source: Firm to take over Blackwater/XEs Iraq contract // CNN Politics
<http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/04/01/us.iraq.security/>

<[cFNK N]UVSMNZN
1. <DRKT TKU<:CDY, <KH<DR:?ODW EAGHIC:=KHCMY TKHATR <K?AHACDP //
4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN <http://www.icoc-psp.org/uploads/Signatory_Companies_-
_May_2013_-_Composite_List.pdf>
2. Blackwater in Najaf // Youtube. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNZP2DpGRTU>
3. Bush G.W. The New Strategy in Iraq: Primetime Address to the Nation. 2007. 10
January. <http://www.presidentialrhetoric.com/speeches/01.10.07.html>
4. Najaf Iraq Blackwater Firefight // Youtube.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaJYlk4z5RQ>
5. NATO Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Doctrine. 2003. June. <http://www.cimic-
coe.org/download/AJP-9.pdf>
6. Private military and security firms and the erosion of the state monopoly on the use of
force: Recommendation 1858 (2009) // Official Page of The Parliamentary Assembly of
The Council of Europe.
<http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/Doc/XrefViewPDF.asp?FileID=17711&Language=EN>
88

7. Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: Strategic Defence and Security Review. 2010.
<http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/documen
ts/digitalasset/dg_191634.pdf>
8. Sequastration // U.S. Department of Defense
<http://www.defense.gov/home/features/2013/0213_sequestration/>

89

&NUK[HUc[H
1. /:=:^:CK? E.., V:?=K? ".7., mA@IYTK 7.". ':CTD :?QIRN:. // mACN= :C:@Dd:
RN=:NAQDY D NAWCK@KQDY / )KH =AH. /:=:^:CK?: E.. M. 2009
<http://cast.ru/files/the_tanks_of_august_sm.pdf>
2. /I=ACKT 7. kD@KRK_RTDY _ICH:UACN ?KACCKQK RN=KDNA@\RN?: // $Ad:?DRDUKA
?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. 2011. 19 :?QIRN:. <http://nvo.ng.ru/concepts/2011-08-
19/8_army.html>
3. 7:@A[TDY 4.7. $K?:P RN=:NAQDP l" D $"'4 ? ?KYC:W ? ]QKR@:?DD, 2=:TA,
"_Q:CDRN:CA D Ae ?@DPCDA C: =:d?DNDA d:=IÂGCMW RDRNAU ?KK=IGACDP D
^KA<=D<:RK?. E.: "=TNDT: 46, 2008.
4. 7:@A[TDY 4.7. -:dUDCD=K?:CDA ? TKC[A XX ?AT: D c7& // 4_D[D:@\CMY R:YN
7KACCK-TKCR:@NDCQK?KY TKU<:CDD "@\_:-7DNPd\.
<http://mail.milcons.ru/uchebnyy-centr/article/razminirovanie-v-konce-xx-veka-i-chvk>
5. 7:@A[TDY 4.7. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD, DW RKdH:CDA D =:d?DNDA K<MN =:^KNM
? 2=:TA, "_Q:CDRN:CA, "_=DTA D ? H=IQDW =AQDKC:W UD=: // 2C_K=U:[DKCCMY
=ARI=R Art of War. http://artofwar.ru/w/waleckij_o_w/chvk.shtml
6. 7KYC: D UD= ? NA=UDC:W D K<=AHA@ACDPW. 7KACCK-<K@DNDZARTDY R@K?:=\ // )KH.
K^b. =AH. -KQKdDC: 6.4. / E. : 7AZA, 2011.
7. 7K@A?KHd ".1. )=K^@AUM, <=DC[D<M D <A=R<ATND?M =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND
Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW <=AH<=DPNDY // 7ARNCDT E12E4 0CD?A=RDNAN:.
2010. n 3.
8. 7K@A?KHd ".1. 4 UAGHIC:=KHCMW DCD[D:ND?:W ? R_A=A <=:?K?KQK =AQI@D=K?:CDP
HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // EAGHIC:=KHCKA IQK@K?CKA
<=:?K D UAGHIC:=KHC:P aRND[DP. 2009. n 1.
9. 7K@A?KHd ".1. 4 <=KATN:W <=:?K?KQK =AQI@D=K?:CDP HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW
D KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY // EAGHIC:=KHCKA IQK@K?CKA <=:?K D UAGHIC:=KHC:P
aRND[DP. 2010. n 2.
10. 1:?=D@K? 7.7. & ?K<=KRI K <=:?K?KU RN:NIRA RKN=IHCDTK? Z:RNCMW
?KACDdD=K?:CCMW TKU<:CDY ? RK?=AUACCKU UAGHIC:=KHCKU QIU:CDN:=CKU <=:?A //
+?=:dDYRTDY a=DHDZARTDY GI=C:@. 2008. n 3. . 54-59.
11. &:T HA@:aN HAC\QD C: ?KYCA. 7KYC: <A=ARN:@: ^MN\ <=A=KQ:ND?KY QKRIH:=RN?:. //
Harvard Business Review. 2012. "<=A@\.
12. &:CZITK? . lD=KTKA <K@A HAPNA@\CKRND H@P c7& // 7KACCK-<=KUMO@ACCMY
TI=\A=. 2012. 22 :?QIRN:. <http://vpk-news.ru/articles/9179>
13. &:OCDTK? /.$. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD D NAK=DP R<=:?AH@D?MW ?KYC //
-KRRDYRTDY C:IZCMY GI=C:@. 2011. n20.
14. &KCK?:@K? 2. c:RNCMY ?KACCMY ^DdCAR: T=DdDR C:H?DQ:ANRP // 7KACCK-
<=KUMO@ACCMY TI=\A=. 2012. 25 :<=A@P. <http://vpk-news.ru/articles/8814>
15. &=:OACDCCDTK?: 7.]. 7KYC: C: :INRK=RDCQA // -KRRDP ? Q@K^:@\CKY <K@DNDTA.
2008. n1. < http://www.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_10269>
16. E:TD:?A@@D $. -:RRIGHACDP K <A=?KY HAT:HA 'DN: VD?DP. 1KRIH:=\. E.:
-KRRDYRT:P <K@DNDZART:P gC[DT@K<AHDP (-4)i$), 2002.
17. E:=N\PCK? 4. c:RNCMA ?KACCMA TKU<:CDD l": <=AHC:dC:ZACDA D =K@\ ? ?KACCMW
TKC_@DTN:W // `:=IÂGCKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. n 5. 2011. E:Y.
90

18. EDW:Y@ACTK ".$. -AQI@D=K?:CDA HAPNA@\CKRND Z:RNCMW ?KACCMW D KW=:CCMW
TKU<:CDY ? dKC:W ?KK=IGACCMW TKC_@DTNK? // E.: 2dH-?K -"1, 2010.
19. EPRCDTK? 7. &K=<K=:ND?CMA RK@H:NM H@P QK=PZDW NKZAT // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA
K^Kd=ACDA. 2008. 24 KTNP^=P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/forces/2008-10-24/7_corporative.html>
20. $K?DTK?: 6.4. )=K^@AUM DR<K@\dK?:CDP Z:RNCMW ?KACCK-KW=:CCMW TKU<:CDY <=D
<=K?AHACDD ?KACCMW K<A=:[DY l" // 7ARNCDT E12E4. n 3. (12), 2010.
21. )K@D^DY. 7RAK^b:P DRNK=DP // E.: 444 2dH:NA@\RN?K "', 2004. '.1.
22. @D<ZACTK 7. & T:TKY ?KYCA HK@GCM QKNK?DN\RP ?KK=IGeCCMA RD@M //
4NAZARN?ACCMA d:<DRTD. 2002. n 8 <http://www.strana-oz.ru/2002/8/k-kakoy-voyne-
dolzhny-gotovitsya-vooruzhennye-sily>
23. @D<ZACTK 7. & T:TKY ?KYCA HK@GC: ^MN\ QKNK?: -KRRDP // -ARI=R )K@DN.=I.
<http://polit.ru/article/2004/11/18/slipch/>
24. 0?:=K? $. /DdCAR C: R@IGÂ )ACN:QKC: // `:=IÂGCKA ?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. n5. 2009.
E:Y.
25. 0?:=K? $.E. c:RNCMY ^DdCAR C: R@IGÂ ?KACCMW ?AHKURN?. )K K<MNI KRCK?CMW
d:=IÂGCMW RN=:C. E.: +HDNK=D:@ 0-, 2009.
26. 0gRRA@A= -. 7KYC: T:T IR@IQ:. E.: '4V2m"-)-2$', 2007.
27. p=:UZDWDC ". )KZAUI ?KRN=A^K?:CM ICD?A=R:@\CMA RK@H:NM // $Ad:?DRDUKA
?KACCKA K^Kd=ACDA. 2010. 22 PC?:=P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/concepts/2010-01-
22/1_universal.html>
28. p=:UZDWDC ". -IRRTDA C: ?KYCA. E.: &@aZ-, 2010.
29. lDOTK? 7. -KRRDD NKGA CIGCM TK=<K=:ND?CMA RK@H:NM // $Ad:?DRDUKA ?KACCKA
K^Kd=ACDA. 2009. 6 _A?=:@P. <http://nvo.ng.ru/realty/2009-02-06/3_korporativ.html>
30. Avant D. The Market for Force: The Consequence of Privatizing Security. New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
31. Cameron L. Private Military Companies: Their Status Under International Humanitarian
Law and its Impact on Their Regulation // International Review of the Red Cross. 2006.
'. 88. n 863. P. 573-598.
32. Checchia M. Private Security Companies Give Way to the Afghan Public Protection
Force // Civil-Military Fusion Centre. 2011. October.
<https://www.cimicweb.org/Documents/CFC%20AFG%20Security%20Archive/CFC_A
fg_PSCs-and-APPF_Oct11.pdf>
33. Crofford C.D. Private Security Contractors on the Battlefield // Strategic Studies
Institute. 2006. 15 March.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/ksil320.pdf>
34. Del Prado J.L. G. The Role of Private Military and Security Companies in Modern
Warfare // Global Research. Centre for Research on Globalization. 2012. 11 August. <
http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-role-of-private-military-and-security-companies-in-
modern-warfare/32307>
35. Denationalisation of defence: convergence and diversity / Edited by Matlary J.H. and
Osterud O. Ashgate Publishing, 2007.
36. Echevaria A.J. II Fourth-Generation War and Other Myths // Strategic Studies Institute.
2005. November.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=632>
91

37. Elsea J.K. Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Legal Issues //
Congressional Research Service. 2010. 7 January.
<http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40991_20100107.pdf>
38. Franke V. The Peacebuilding Dilemma: Civilmilitary Cooperation in Stability
Operations // International Journal of Peace Studies. 2006. Vol. 11. n 2.
<http://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol11_2/11n2FRANKE.pdf>
39. Grant B. U.S. Military Expertise For Sale: Private Military Consultants As a Tool Of
Foreign Policy // U.S. Army War College. 1998. <
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a344357.pdf>
40. Gray C.S. Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of
Policy in the 21
st
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubid=1059>
41. Holmqvist C. Private Security Companies. The Case for Regulation // SIPRI Policy Paper
n9. 2005. January. <http://books.sipri.org/files/PP/SIPRIPP09.pdf>
42. Joras U. Schuster A. Private Security Companies and Local Populations: An Exploratory
Study of Afghanistan and Angola // Swiss Peace Institute. 2008.
43. McPeak M., Ellis S. Managing Contractors in Joint Operations: Filling the Gaps in
Doctrine // Army Logistician. 2004. Mar/Apr. Vol. 36. Issue 2. P. 6-9.
44. Military Expenditure Database // Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2013.
45. Moesgaard C. Private Military in Counter-Insurgency Strategy // Danish Institute for
International Studies. 2011. March.
<http://www.diis.dk/graphics/publications/policybriefs%202011/pb2011-private-
military-companies-web.pdf>
46. Nielsen S. C. Political Control Over The Use of Force : a Clausewitzian Perspective //
Strategic Studies Institute. 2001. May.
<http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub349.pdf>
47. Scahill J. Blackwater. The Rise of The Most Powerful Mercenary Army. New York:
Nation Books, 2008.
48. Singer P.W. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. New York:
Cornell University Press, 2003.
49. Singer P.W. Cant Win With Em , Cant Go to War Without Em // Foreign Policy at
Brookings. 2007. September. n 4. P. 2.
<http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2007/9/27militarycontractors/0
927militarycontractors>
50. Surowiecki J. Army, Inc. // The New Yorker. 2004. 12 January.
<http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/01/12/040112ta_talk_surowiecki>
51. The Military Balance // The International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2013.
52. Woodward B. Obamas Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.

92

&KCN:TNM

7KdCDTODA ?K<=KRM D TKUUACN:=DD <=KR\^: C:<=:?@PN\ C: g@ATN=KCCMY :H=AR:
wneelov@gmail.com

Проблемы Использования Государствами Частных Военных Компаний В Зарубежных Операциях The Problem Of States' Employment Of Private Military Companies In Overseas Operations

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Проблемы Использования Государствами Частных Военных Компаний В Зарубежных Операциях The Problem Of States' Employment Of Private Military Companies In Overseas Operations

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

"$&'-)+'+-/0-1&23 1406"-'7+$$93 0$27+-2'+'

$:<=:?@ACDA 031900 EAGHIC:=KHCMA KNCKOACDP

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen