GEOG101 Extra Credit Exam Part 1 of 1 - 88.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.

0 Points Course extensions are available for which of the following reasons? A. I don't have a computer to access the classroom. B. "too busy" with work and family commitments

C. documented military deployment D. Im on leave or vacation from my job.

Answer Key: C Feedback: APUS Professors can provide course extensions for documented military deployment and military-related activities. Students are not eligible for course extensions for personal reasons such as being "too busy", going on vacation/leave or non-military work issues. Having a computer is as essential as having pen and paper in a traditional classroom - each student is responsible for securing access to a computer throughout the course. Courses start every month, so be sure you take classes that fit around your personal schedule. Equally, instructors are not permitted such extensions either! Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The course professor is required to have student work graded A. anytime before the end of the course.

B. within 7 days of the due date and time. C. within 7 days of when the student turns in the assignment. D. within 48 hours of when the student turns in the assignment.

Answer Key: B Feedback: It is APUS/AMU policy that all instructors must grade completed student work submitted for grading within 7 days of the DUE DATE AND TIME for that assignment. If you do not see a grade after 7 days from the due date and time, check to be sure you have submitted the assignment for grading. If you have but the assginment is not graded, send a polite request to your instructor to

complete grading. Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points All students are required to turn in assignments A. at their own pace. B. by Sunday nights at 11:59 PM.

C. according to the assigned due date and time for that particular assignment. D. any time before the last day of class.

Answer Key: C Feedback: Due dates and times may vary by assignment and class, so do not assume a Sunday night 11:59 PM due date in all classes. It's always a good idea to avoid procrastination, so try to budget time throughout the week to work on your courses. Each student is responsible for meeting due dates and times, and late work may be rejected or subject to deductions as per APUS policies. Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Instructors are required to reply to student emails within how many hours? A. 24-48

B. 48-72 C. 12-24 D. 6-12

Answer Key: B Feedback: It is University policy that instructors reply to student emails within 48 to 72 hours. If an instructor does not reply right away please await a response - your instructor is likely not online if you do not hear back immediately. Instructors, like students, also experience internet outages, have hospital emergencies and other unanticipated urgencies. If 72 hours (three full days) has passed, contact Hidden Link - Login or Register for assistance. Always be polite - the last thing you want is to send your instructor an angry e-mail just to find out they have been in an accident or are otherwise in unfortunate circumstances. Quick "geography" - there are 24 primary time zones (some variations by country) on Earth. So if each student in a class with 24 students emailed the instructor once a day at a different hour the

instructor might not sleep during the 8-week course if they were to respond within 12 hours of each email! 48-72 allows for time zone changes and days off from work or short-term emergencies. Most instructors are on almost daily, or at least within 24-48 hours. Remember that in a class even of a few people everyone may be in a different time zone, so our asynchronous work does result in a "lag" in communication. Also, not everyone is on every day, so students and instructors alike must be patient in looking for each other. Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The five institutional learning objectives at APUS include all but which of the following? A. the ability to express viewpoints other than their own and to think critically B. ability to apply learned knowledge to the "real world" C. communication in written form

D. proficiency with video and audio technology

Answer Key: D Feedback: Please see the syllabus or Student Handbook for detail on the five institutional objectives. It's a good idea to keep these in mind as you go through each course to help frame what you are learning into a broader context. Question 6 of 25 2.0/ 4.0 Points Geography" is a discipline that studies A. spatial relationships B. maps C. people D. locations Answer Key: A, B, C, D Feedback: There are many other topics as well! Geography is a broad discipline that is easily integrated into other fields of study, from health to military studies to disasters to religion and culture and everything in between! Question 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Getting help on an assignment from a classmate or another person without prior approval or direction from the instructor to do so is

A. plagiarism. B. only acceptable for papers. C. only acceptable for exams.

D. fine to do at any time.

Answer Key: A Feedback: "Plagiarism" is often an unfamiliar term/concept for many students, but it is a serious academic offense whether deliberate or accidental. Please be sure to familiarize yourself with the plagiarism policy in the Student Handbook or in the video and links in the classroom. Ask your instructor if you have any questions or are in doubt. Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points We will study the topic of Latin America in which week of class? A. 2

B. 3 C. 4 D. 6

Answer Key: B Feedback: This topic will be covered during coverage of the Americas. Question 9 of 25 2.0/ 4.0 Points Each Quiz in this course is worth A. 6% of my final grade. B. 6 points toward my final grade. C. 36% of my final grade. D. 36 points toward my final grade. Answer Key: A, B Feedback: EACH is worth 6 points, or 6% toward your final grade. TOGETHER they are worth 36 points, or 36% of the final grade. Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Students at APUS/AMU can work at their own pace, regardless of classroom deadlines.

A. false B. true

Answer Key: A Feedback: Faculty are not permitted to allow students to work at their own pace - ALL work must be

completed by due dates and times as stated in the classroom! Please see the Student Handbook for student participation requirements. Every student must participate weekly and on time as directed in class. Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Readings and assignments will never change once class starts.

A. false B. true

Answer Key: A Feedback: The syllabus is a guideline, but it is a fact of the Internet that sometimes weblinks for readings and work may become inactive and require a change. Also, courses with low enrollments may need to be altered to maintain course integrity (e.g. discussion boards and group projects may have to be adjusted to small enrollments). Your instructor should keep you up to date if changes are needed. Question 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Forums are mandatory in this course. A. false

B. true

Answer Key: B Feedback: There is a great deal of research on the positive value of student interaction in the classroom - be sure to take advantage of these assignments! Question 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points E-mails to the instructor are anonymous and are always confidential. A. true

B. false

Answer Key: B Feedback: Not only will the instructor read your emails, but they may be read by your instructors' supervisors or APUS officials resolving disputes. The same is true for instructor emails to students. All correspondence - in or out of the classroom - serves as an official record of the course.

NOTE: In Sakai, the "MESSAGES" function must be used for all classroom-related correspondence, NOT E-mail. Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Students can distribute course materials, such as the text, exams, exercises and other items, to anyone they wish.

A. false B. true

Answer Key: A Feedback: Absolutely not! All course materials are copyrighted and are for "fair use" in the classroom only. You may not distribute them in any manner, and this includes materials created by the instructor as well as the textbook. Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points If I'm not clear on a particular topic I can look for additional readings in the Online Library.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: The Online Library is an excellent source of information and has a collection that rivals large research universities! If you need help, ask your instructor or email an online librarian for assistance. Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Since this isn't an English course, my grammar and spelling don't matter.

A. false B. true

Answer Key: A Feedback: Grammar and writing style are always important. In fact, all courses at APUS are required to have written assignments to reinforce skills of written communication. Please see the APUS institutional learning objective on "Communication". Be sure to follow writing advice provided in COLL100, English courses and through the Online Library's tutoring.

Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The "end-of-course" critique is an excellent location for students to make productive comments to help instructors improve courses. A. false

B. true

Answer Key: B Feedback: Be sure to be polite and specific - "great class" doesn't identify what is great about it and "lousy class" doesn't identify what is bad. The instructor won't know what to keep or change. Instead, try "I enjoyed using PowerPoint to communicate what I had learned", or "I didn't feel I had enough information to gain much from the Forum critical thinking assignments", for example. Question 18 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The final exam is cumulative, covering all weeks' work in this course.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: B Feedback: There is so much information in this course that the mid-term covers the first half of the class and the final covers the second half. This will allow students to study each week equally. Question 19 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points All students can get at least 10 hours of free tutoring through Tutor.com.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: Be sure to check with your instructor or with a librarian (they are very helpful!) to take advantage of your free tutoring. Tutoring is for anyone - excellent if you are having difficulty or if you just want to improve your study skills to make studying more efficient. Try it - it's free! Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Students can check their course grade progress in the online classroom.

A. true

B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: The grade represented in total is for items completed and graded to that moment, so be sure to know what items remain in the course. Ask questions if needed! Question 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Sarcasm and other such dark humor translate well in the online classroom. A. true

B. false

Answer Key: B Feedback: Much human communication is conducted through facial expression, tone of voice and other visual and aural signals. These are lost in the online classroom if no audio or video is present, so PLEASE be careful that your humor is not misunderstood. Sarcasm is often lost in writing and interpreted as mean-spirited, so be sure to use "emoticons" or parenthetical words (kidding!, e.g.) if you feel your words may be misunderstood. Better safe than sorry! Question 22 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points In this course exams cannot be made up if missed without prior approval, or if the student is locked out of the exam while taking it (accidentally or by the student's own doing).

A. true B. false

Answer Key: B Feedback: The exam might be made up within one week AT THE INSTRUCTOR'S DISCRETION , but will be ESSAY format. Students who fail to complete assignments on time are not guaranteed the opportunity to make up work,and late points may be deducted for any late work as per class policy. Repetitive late work will not be accepted. Forums may never be submitted late. Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points If I have any questions about course material or course procedures I should ask the instructor.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: Let me know if you have questions. If they are general course material or course procedure questions, PLEASE post them in the appropriate "Q&A" section in "Forum" - if you have a question, chances are others in the class have the same question. If your question is of a personal nature (grades, absences, other issues governed by FERPA, e.g.), send it to me via "Messages" in the classroom. Question 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Use of Turnitin.com on Forums is optional in this course. True False

Answer Key: False Feedback: All students are required to use Turnitin.com for every Forum post. This will help students avoid plagiarism and learn to create original compositions. Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Select all that apply: When writing a citation for a source I use in this course I must A. cite according the guidance in the classroom. B. cite according to MLA, APA, Chicago or Turabian Style Guides. C. I do not need to cite any sources. D. I can just provide the URL. Answer Key: A, B Feedback: Students must cite according to MLA, APA, Chicago or Turabian Style Guides, as provided by guidance in the classroom as well.
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012

GEOG101 Quiz 1 Part 1 of 1 - 80.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points A functional region:

A. has a transition zone at its center B. is also known as a formal region C. is defined on the basis of some variable, such as the area where corn is grown D. is exemplified by a city and its hinterland

Answer Key: D Question 2 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. A country likely constitutes a formal political region because within its boundaries certain conditions of nationality, law, and political tradition prevail. B. Regions conceptualized as spatial systems are collectively identified as functional regions. C. Functional regions are generally more static and immobile than formal regions.

D. Regions marked by internal homogeneity are classified as formal regions.

Answer Key: C Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points All regions possess all of the following except: A. boundaries B. location

C. homogeneity D. area

Answer Key: C Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Water covers about _____ percent of the Earth's surface.

A. 70 B. 80 C. 50 D. 10

Answer Key: A Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The current interglacial period is known as the: A. Wisconsinan B. Global Warmup

C. Holocene D. Pleistocene

Answer Key: C Question 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Mediterranean climate is classified under which of the following Kppen-Geiger letters? A. Med B. H

C. C D. A

Answer Key: C Question 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The prevailing mid-latitude climatic type in the southeastern United States, western Europe, southern Brazil and northern Argentina, and eastern China is the: A. humid cold B. semiarid moderate

C. dry winter tundra

D. humid temperate

Answer Key: D Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points A bridge language of national politics, commerce, and trade is known as a(n):

A. Lingua franca. B. Extinct language. C. Indo-European dialect. D. Regional speech disparity.

Answer Key: A Question 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which statement below best characterizes the concept of culture? A. None of these choices.

B. Learned patterns of thought and behavior characteristic of a population or society. C. A civilized pattern of behavior, dominated by appreciation of serious music and good food. D. It plays no role in shaping the human landscape.

Answer Key: B Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The downtown of an American city, which is usually characterized by a square-grid layout, is called the: A. Core-periphery interface

B. Central business district

C. Urban townscape D. Hinterland

Answer Key: B Question 11 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The European state model includes all of the following except: A. A representative government B. A clearly and legally defined territory C. A very low level of urbanization

D. It prevails in the aftermath of the collapse of colonial empires.

Answer Key: C Question 12 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The World Bank ranks countries within four groups. Which of the following is not one of those groups? A. Middle-income countries

B. Lower-middle income countries C. Low-income countries D. Upper-middle income countries

Answer Key: A Question 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The core areas of the world:

A. Constitute the area where the richer countries are clustered. B. None of the answers provided here are correct. C. Include most of the countries of East Asia,

D. Include areas located only in Europe and North America.

Answer Key: A Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The gradual reduction of regional contrasts resulting from increasing cultural, economic, political and other types of exchanges is known as: A. The European trade model B. Regional equalization

C. Globalization D. Core-periphery widening

Answer Key: C Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Geography is concerned with providing a spatial perspective on the world. True False

Answer Key: True Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Transition zones mark the places where geographic realms meet. True False

Answer Key: True Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Deserts are mainly found on the eastern sides of the continents. True False

Answer Key: False Question 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points In general, the eastern coasts of continents in tropical and mid-latitude zones receive relatively high precipitation. True False

Answer Key: True Question 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points Highland (H) climates do not resemble the cold polar (E) climates. True False

Answer Key: False Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Lines of latitude circle the globe as east-west lines and measure distances north and south of the Equator. True False

Answer Key: True Question 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points A cultural landscape consists of a composite of human imprints on the surface of the Earth. True False

Answer Key: True Question 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The ratio of distance on a map to actual ground distance is known as that map's scale . Answer Key: scale

Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points A clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a capital city is known as a state . Answer Key: state Question 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points tectonic plates are massive slabs of rock which move on the earth's surface, colliding with one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Answer Key: Tectonic plates Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Population density describes the number of people located in a given unit area. Answer Key: density
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012

GEOG101 Quiz 2 Part 1 of 1 - 92.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The geographic principle under which particular peoples and particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods is known as: A. irredentism B. Balkanization

C. local functional specialization D. supranationalism

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the evolution of modern Europe in spatial context and its impact on the world. Section Reference: Modern Historical Geography Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points __________ forces are divisive to a nation. A. situational B. none of these answers

C. centrifugal D. centripetal

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Demonstrate the rise of European unification in terms of the economic, political, and cultural issues that drive this process Section Reference: European Unification Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The three principles of spatial interaction are: A. none of these answers B. complementarity, intervening opportunity, infrastructurality

C. complementarity, intervening opportunity, transferability D. complementarity, intervening opportunity, irredentism

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Contemporary Europe Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy is known as: A. complementarity

B. devolution C. supranationalism D. irredentism

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Diminished State Power and Regionalism Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points

The only European country with coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the North Sea is: A. Italy

B. France C. Germany D. Spain

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the concept of the European core in western Europe and analyze the present and future role of the core countries in the unification of Europe. Section Reference: The Mainland Core Question 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Eastern Europe is a zone of politico-geographical splintering and fracturing known as a (an):

A. shatter belt B. periphery C. Balkan conurbation D. irredentist region

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 7 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The term Balkanization refers to: A. Serbian supranationalism B. none of these answers C. the landmass located just to the west of the Adriatic Sea

D. the division and fragmentation of the southern portion of Eastern Europe

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following is not a state created by the breakup of former Yugoslavia?

A. Slovakia B. Croatia C. Slovenia D. none of these answers

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Soviet Union consisted of _____________ Soviet Socialist Republics. A. 18

B. 15 C. 12 D. 4

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Most of the population of Russia is found in the:

A. western part of the country

B. zone of C climates C. southern tier of the country D. Pacific coastal zone

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The term ________ is used to describe an inland climate that is remote from the moderating influences of large water bodies. A. taiga B. maritime

C. continentiality D. tundra

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following is true? A. Russia's climate may be described as dominated by C climates B. Russia has no E climates C. Weather refers to long term average conditions

D. Climate refers to long term average conditions

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic fea tures of Russia in relation to Russias

difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 13 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The term ________ is used to describe an inland climate that is remote from the moderating influences of large water bodies. A. maritime

B. continentality C. tundra D. taiga

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The mountain chain in west-central Russia that is sometimes regarded as the "boundary" between Europe and Asia is known as the: A. Caucasus B. Carpathians

C. Urals D. Central Asiatic Ranges

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following Soviet programs was the most successful? A. Sovkhoz farming B. Settling the Arctic coastal zone

C. Ethnic acculturation

D. Industrialization

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following cities was known as the Soviet Detroit? A. St. Petersburg B. Vladivostok

C. Nizhniy Novgorod D. Tula

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the regional components of Russias core and its influence on the rest of the country. Section Reference: The Russian Core Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Law of the Primate City holds that a country's leading city is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the forces that are shaping 21st century Europe and its changing population. Section Reference: Contemporary Europe Question 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

A. true

B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Compare the differences between the regional components of the British Isles and the reasons behind them. Section Reference: The British Isles Question 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points St. Petersburg, with respect to the Russian domestic market, has greater locational (situational) advantages than Moscow.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the regional components of Russias core and its influence on the rest of the country. Section Reference: The Russian Core Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Greece's vegetation has been denuded by centuries of deforestation.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of the Mediterranean Basin and the Western Balkan Peninsula. Section Reference: The Discontinous South Question 21 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points In terms of income per capita, Norway is one of the richest countries in the world.

A. true B. false

Answer Key: A

Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of Europes Northern domain. Section Reference: The Discontinous North Question 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Iberian Peninsula is isolated from the rest of Europe by a high range called the Pyrenees Mountains. Answer Key: Pyrenees Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of the Mediterranean Basin and the Western Balkan Peninsula. Section Reference: The Discontinous South Question 23 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The term Physical Geography refers to the total physical environment of a particular place, including climate, water, soils, vegetation, and landforms. Answer Key: physiography|physical geography Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the major physical geographic features of Europe and Russia Section Reference: Landforms and Opportunities Question 24 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The surface configuration of land, including features such as mountains, plains, and river valleys, is referred to as Gross Physical Features . Answer Key: topography Feedback: The features are the "natural landscape", the configuration of those features is "topography". Partial credit awarded for "physiography" and "physical geography" as they encompass "topography" as well. See page 107 and the glossary for "topography". Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm, Glossary

Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad is Vladivostok . Answer Key: Vladivostok Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the challenges and resource-development opportunities of Russias largest region. Section Reference: Siberia

POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012

GEOG101 Quiz 3 Part 1 of 1 - 76.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The Great Lakes' main outlet to the sea is the: A. these lakes have no outlet to the sea B. St. Lawrence River C. Columbia River

D. Mississippi River

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North America's Physical Geography Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The peoples called Native Americans in the U.S. are called __________ in Canada. A. Canadian Americans B. Native Canadians

C. First Nations D. Aborigines

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Illustrate the basic historical geography of the settlement of the U.S. and Canada for the past three centuries. Section Reference: European Settlement and Expansion Question 3 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The transformation of raw materials into finished products is associated with the ____________ sector of a nation's economy. A. quaternary

B. primary C. tertiary

D. secondary

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the evolution of the economic and parallel urban geography of the realm. Section Reference: Urbanization and the Spatial Economy Question 4 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The capital of Canada is: A. Ontario B. Montreal C. Toronto

D. Ottawa

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe Canadas provinces and territories, English -French cultural division, and the indigenous peoples movement. Section Reference: Regionalism in Canada Question 5 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points __________ is the second most populous US state. A. Arizona B. California

C. Texas D. New York

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the effect of Anglo, Hispanic and Natve American cultures on the Southwest region. Section Reference: The Southwest Question 6 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land bodies is known as a(n): A. bridgeland B. spine C. archipelago

D. isthmus

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the realms geographic contents, its boundaries, and the rational underlying its regional subdivisions. Section Reference: Geographical Features Question 7 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Mainland Middle America functions as a land bridge between Mexico and South America. B. Though African cultural influences dominate in the Caribbean portion of Middle America, Amerindian traditions survive on the mainland.

C. Anthropologists commonly refer to the Middle American culture hearth as Mesoamerica. D. Trinidad is one of the Greater Antilles.

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe Middle Americas major environmental feature s and dangers as well as the vertical organization of climates in highland zones. Section Reference: Physical Geography Question 8 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The idealized Spanish town in Mesoamerica had:

A. all of these choices

B. a central square or plaza C. a gridiron layout D. a location near good agricultural land

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Mesoamerican Legacy Question 9 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points While other Central American countries were called banana republics, this country was a coffee republic:

A. El Salvador B. Mexico C. Colombia D. Guatemala

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 10 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points As noted in the text, the population of Mexico is about ________ million. A. 82 B. 57

C. 111 D. 41

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era.

Section Reference: Mexico Question 11 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points An altiplano is a(n): A. agricultural area in Brazil B. low area with small mountains C. altitudinal zone lying above tierra firma

D. plain high in the Andes

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the broad aspects of South Americas Historical Geography from the time of the Incas to the post colonial era. Section Reference: States Ancient and Modern Question 12 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points As noted in the text, almost ____ percent of South Americans live in urban areas.

A. 100

B. 80 C. 60 D. 20

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South Americas urbanization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: Urbanization Question 13 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The initial stage in the evolution of an insurgent state, according to the text, is the stage of: A. devolution

B. equilibrium

C. contention D. counteroffensive

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic environmental, historical, cultural, political, and economic geography of Colombia, Venezuela, and the three Guianas. Section Reference: The Caribbean North Question 14 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Peru (Humboldt) Current is: A. a new high-voltage electrical network that transmits Amazon-oil-generated power by pipeline to the cities across the Andes B. a drying wind that blows off the Andes and creates desert-like conditions along the Peruvian coastal plain

C. a cool offshore ocean current conducive to commercial fishing that flows parallel to the Peruvian coastline D. a rising air movement that brings the hot and humid conditions of the tierra fra to the uppermost Andean basins

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Paraguay as well as the changing role of their indigenous citizens. Section Reference: The Andean West Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The leading agricultural activity of the Pampa region is the production of:

A. cattle B. tropical fruits and vegetables C. coffee D. sugarcane

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Argentina,

Chile, and Uruguay as well as this regions progress toward economic integration. Section Reference: The Southern Cone Question 16 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Yearly temperature ranges are much larger where continentality prevails. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North America's Physical Geography Question 17 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Latin America is a term that refers only to the geographic area constituted by the island and mainland portions of Middle America. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Defining the Realm Question 18 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Mexico's leading oil-producing zone is located along its southern Pacific coast. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 19 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points Ecuador is the poorest country in South America. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Paraguay as well as the changing role of their indigenous citizens. Section Reference: The Andean West Question 20 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Brazil is the South American country that exhibits the widest income gap. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe Brazils general human geography, multiple development opportunities, and the workings of its sub-regions. Section Reference: Brazil Question 21 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points Cities with populations of over 10 million are referred to as Megalopolis .

Answer Key: megacities Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South Americas ur banization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: Urbanization Question 22 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Mulatto is the term applied to people of mixed European and African ancestry. Answer Key: Mulatto Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the role of historical geography and colonization in shaping the geographic features of this realm today Section Reference: Collision of Cultures Question 23 of 25 0.0/ 4.0 Points The term altzona describes distinctive climatic areas created by variations in elevation from place to place. Answer Key: altitudinal zone Feedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: Central American Republics Question 24 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.

Answer Key: Haiti Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general layout of the Caribbean Islands. Section Reference: The Caribbean Basin Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The Rain Shadow effect describes the climatic process by which mountains force moisture from passing air masses, leaving the downwind side of a mountain range drier than the upwind side. Answer Key: rain shadow|orographic Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: North Americas Physical Geography
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012

GEOG101 Mid-Term Part 1 of 1 - 82.5/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The large cluster of population in the northeastern United States is known as:

A. Megalopolis B. the global core C. the urban heartland D. the world-region

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Name and locate the three largest world population clusters. Section Reference: Realms of Population Question 2 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following is not an example of European supranationalism?

A. Ukraine's Orange Revolution B. the European Union C. Benelux D. the Euro currency

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Demonstrate the rise of European unification in terms of the economic, political, and cultural issues that drive this process. Section Reference: European Unification Question 3 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following is true?

A. Climate refers to long term average conditions B. Russia's climate may be described as dominated by C climates C. Climate refers to current conditions at a given location D. Weather refers to long term average conditions

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major geographic features of Russia in relation to Russias difficult natural environment and human adaptations to it. Section Reference: Physical Geography of the Russian Realm Question 4 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The Continental Core region of the United States is also known as the: A. Mississippi Valley B. Main Street Megalopolis

C. American Manufacturing Belt D. Northeastern Seaboard

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the features that make the Core region of North America so prominent. Section Reference: North American Core Question 5 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The North American Free Trade Agreement:

A. includes only the United States, Canada, and Mexico B. was disbanded in 2007

C. includes Central America D. went into effect in the year 2000

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the landform regions, climates, and major lakes and rivers of North America. Section Reference: Major Geographic Qualities of North America Question 6 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Trinidad is one of the Greater Antilles. B. Though African cultural influences dominate in the Caribbean portion of Middle America, Amerindian traditions survive on the mainland. C. Anthropologists commonly refer to the Middle American culture hearth as Mesoamerica. D. Mainland Middle America functions as a land bridge between Mexico and South America.

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe Middle Americas major environmental features and dangers as well as the vertical organization of climates in highland zones. Section Reference: Physical Geography Question 7 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points A maquiladora is:

A. a person of mixed European-Amerindian ancestry B. the owner of an ejido C. a Mayan plantation

D. a foreign-owned factory in northern and southern Mexico and Central America that assembles duty-free goods

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its

development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 8 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following is the smallest Central American country in terms of population?

A. Honduras B. El Salvador C. Jamaica

D. Belize

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 9 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following countries does not contain a portion of the Amazon Basin?

A. Ecuador B. Peru

C. Chile D. Brazil

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the Physiography of South America. Section Reference: Defining the Realm Question 10 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which South American country was most transformed by the forced in-migration of Africans?

A. Brazil B. Paraguay

C. Colombia D. Argentina

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Interpret the realms cultural mosaic, especially its clusters of Indigenous, African, Mestizo, and European peoples. Section Reference: The Cultural Mosaic Question 11 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points The sector of the Latin American city model that is characterized by migrants and poverty is known as: A. peripheral squatter settlements

B. slum areas known as barrios or favelas C. the central plaza D. the CBD

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the general patterns of South Americas urbanization and the spatial organization of its cities. Section Reference: Urbanization Question 12 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following countries is not located in The African Transition Zone? A. Mauritania B. Mali C. Niger

D. Tanzania

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.5 Describe the cultural and political forces shaping the geography of this region, especially the impact of the expanding Islamic Front. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.5 The African Transition Zone Question 13 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points

The first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast, is: A. Guinea B. Gambia

C. Ghana D. Sierra Leone

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africas basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 14 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which two colonial powers dominated West Africa? A. U.S. and France

B. Britain and France C. Germany and Britain D. Portugal and Spain

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africas basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 15 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points Which of the following is a lingua franca? A. Swahili B. Bantu

C. Niger-Kordofanian D. Kalahari

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East Africa Question 16 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The ethnic group exerting the most control in Kenya is the: A. Hutu

B. Kikuyu C. Tutsi D. Swahili

Answer Key: B Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East Africa Question 17 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Which of the following countries borders Lake Victoria? A. Malawi B. Sudan

C. Uganda D. Ethiopia

Answer Key: C Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.2 Describe the human geography of East Africa and its development possibilities. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.2 East Africa Question 18 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The natural environment of Botswana is dominated by: A. the inland delta of the Niger River B. mountains associated with the Great Escarpment

C. coastal swamps and deltas

D. the Kalahari Desert

Answer Key: D Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 19 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Under the terms of the separate development program, South Africa's land was divided equally between the majority Africans and the minority whites. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the spatial dimensions of economic development and the World Banks global classification scheme. Section Reference: Geographies of Development Question 20 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points An entrept, such as Copenhagen, is a place where goods are collected, stored, and transshipped. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe how core-periphery contrasts shape the geography of Europes Northern domain. Section Reference: The Discontinous North Question 21 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points Whereas major agricultural progress had been achieved under communism, the Soviet industrial sector remained inefficient and a persistent problem. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: The reverse is true. Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 22 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Like the U.S., Canada is a federal state. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the features that make the Core region of North America so prominent. Section Reference: The North American Core Canada Question 23 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Mexico contains over 70% of the land area of Middle America (including the islands) and more people than all the region's countries and islands combined. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of Mexico and its development opportunities in the NAFTA era. Section Reference: Mexico Question 24 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The Sandinistas ruled over Costa Rica. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 25 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Brazil exports large quantities of coffee, orange juice concentrate, and soybeans.

A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe Brazils general human geography, multiple development opportunities, and the workings of its sub-regions. Section Reference: Brazil Question 26 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points Sierra Leone was settled by former American slaves. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africas basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 27 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The Ibo-dominated breakaway republic within Nigeria during the 1960s called itself Biafra. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.4 Discuss turmoil-plagued West Africas basic geography, particularly the challenges facing Nigeria. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.4 West Africa Question 28 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Under the terms of the separate development program, South Africa's land was divided equally between the majority Africans and the minority whites. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa.

Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 29 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points People of Dutch ancestry in South Africa are called Highveld Hollanders. A. True B. False

Answer Key: False Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6B.1 Explain the environmental and human geography of this region, particularly South Africa. Section Reference 1: Section 6B.1 Southern Africa Question 30 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Land tenure refers to the way people own, occupy, and use land. A. True B. False

Answer Key: True Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.4 Describe the broad patterns of land tenure as well as subsistence and commercial agriculture before and after independence. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.4 Africans and Their Land Question 31 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The most recent glaciation to affect North America is named after the U.S. State of Wisconsin . Answer Key: Wisconsin Feedback: Learning Objective: Identify the major elements of the natural environment and their general geographic characteristics. Section Reference: The Physical Setting Question 32 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The forcible ouster of an entire population from its homeland by a stronger power bent on taking its territory is known as ethnic cleansing . Answer Key: ethnic cleansing Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the post-Soviet evolution of states formerly behind the iron curtain and their responses to the challenge of peripheral location. Section Reference: The Eastern Periphery Question 33 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Federalism describes a system of government whereby power is shared between a central authority and smaller political subdivisions such as States or the former Soviet Socialist Republics. Answer Key: Federalism

Feedback: Learning Objective: Analyze the political and economic growth and demise of the Soviet Union. Section Reference: The Soviet Union Question 34 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Montreal and the lower course of the St. Lawrence River are located in the Canadian province of Quebec . Answer Key: Quebec Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the regions French cultural landscape. Section Reference: French Canada Question 35 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Mexico's Yucatn Peninsula was part of the Mesoamerican culture hearth that gave rise to the maya civilization, which reached its height from the 4th to the 10th centuries A.D. Answer Key: Maya Feedback: Learning Objective: Discuss the basic human and physical geography of the Mexico. Section Reference: Mesoamerican Legacy Comment: Please be sure to capitalize proper names. Thanks! Question 36 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points The lowest-lying latitudinal zone of agricultural activity, extending from sea level to an elevation of 2500 feet (750 meters), is the tierra Red Mediterranean . Answer Key: caliente Feedback: Learning Objective: Label the seven republics of this region and their geographic dimensions. Section Reference: The Central American Republics Question 37 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points Copper and nitrates are two resources that strongly shaped the economic development of Chile during the past century. Answer Key: Chile Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic physical and human geography of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay as well as this regions progress toward economic integration. Section Reference: The Southern Cone Question 38 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The country of Venezuela is South America's leading exporter of crude oil. Answer Key: Venezuela Feedback: Learning Objective: Describe the basic environmental, historical, cultural, political, and economic geography of Colombia, Venezuela, and the three Guianas. Section Reference: The Caribbean North Question 39 of 40 2.5/ 2.5 Points The 1884 conference of all the major colonial powers that essentially drew the modern political map of Africa, was held in the European city of Berlin .

Answer Key: Berlin Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.2 Describe African historical evolution in geographic context, from the rise of the early states through the end of the colonial era. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.2 Africa's Historical Geography Question 40 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points The systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases is called Weegy geography. Answer Key: medical Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 6A.5 Describe the major feat ures of SubSaharan Africas medical geography, including pandemics, epidemics, and the distribution of major diseases such as Malaria and HIV/AIDS. Section Reference 1: Section 6A.5 Environment and Health Comment: Weegy? I'm glad you didn't leave it blank at least! : )
POST MERGE: OCT 23, 2012

GEOG101 Quiz 5 Part 1 of 1 - 92.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points _____ is the name for the land between the rivers.

A. Mesopotamia B. Choke Point C. The Fertile Crescent D. Levant

Answer Key: A Feedback: Learning Objective 1: LO 7A.2 Explain the term culture hearth and briefly trace the rise and fall of the realms two culture hearths. Section Reference 1: Section 7A.2 Hearths of Culture Question 2 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Hydraulic civilization theory holds that: A. water is the key to survival in the desert B. irrigation is the key to the advancement of agriculture http://biology-forums.com/index.php?topic=37447.0

Total area of East Asia 3.6 million

Today the ________ is playing a major role in the economic (and cultural) transformation of coastal China ocean

Climatic gradients of china north: cold east: wet south: warm west: dry

one of the worlds great culture hearths china

imperial forbidden city beijing

chinas political system communist

capital of china beijing

port city of china tianjin

largest city of china shanghai

10

how many provinces in china 22 (grow in size from east to west)

11

easterb half; the core of china china proper

12

tall mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated (tibet)xizang

13

vast desert basin and mountain rims; a cultural contact zone xinjiang

14

a desert, buffer state mongolia

15

the jakota triangle japan, south korea, taiwan, rapid economic development

16

urban environmental problems in china air pollution congestion water pollution

17

chinas economic problems serious energy shortage transportation infastructure poorly developed environmental degradation

18

deng xiaoping era took power in 1979 as a "pragmatic moderate" created SEZ's, open cities and open coastal areas

19

what does SEZ stand for special economic zones

20

first four coastal cities increased to __ cities 15

21

designed to attract foreign investments, concentrated along Pacific coast deltas and peninsulas open coastal areas

22

special economic zones investor incentives low taxes

easing of import and export regulations simplified land leases hring of contract labor permitted produts may be sold in foreign markets and in china location was prime consideration

23

an open city sometimes called the little shanghai qingdao

24

what does hong kong mean fragrant harbor

1

Rostow Economic Growth Model A five stage framework based on the progressive use of technology into a national economy The stages are: 1. Traditional Society 2. Preconditions for Takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. Drive to Maturity 5. High Mass Consumption A sixth stage has been suggested - Postindustrialism

People of Han Most ethnic Chinese refer tothemselves as the people of Han, the period in

Chinese history, 207 B.C. to A.D. 220, that isconsidered the formative era of traditional culture.

Pinyin System The standard form of Chinese established by its government in 1958, and based on the pronunciation of the language in northern China

FOUR MODERNIZATIONS PROGAM The ongoing development program, originally devised by Zhou Enlaiin 1964, and implemented by the post-Mao leadership in the late 1970s. This program focused on the rapid growthof: industry, defense, science,and agriculture

Manchuria The foreign term for Northeast China that the Chinese do notrecognize. The Chinese refer tothis area as Dongbei. The provincesof: Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoningare contained within Dongbei

MANCHUKUO

The Japanese name for Manchuria. The Japanese occupied Northeast China, 1932-1945.

CHINA PROPER The traditional core of the Chinese nation. This geographic area lies south of the Great Walland contains three (3) great river basins: the Huang He, Chang Jiang, and Xi Jiang.

loess soil deposited by wind, fertile and easy to work

GREAT LEAP FORWARD The massive modification of Chinas social and economicsystem, in transformingit from socialism to true communism, in essence transferring the system from collectivesto communes. Mao Zedong began thisprogram in 1958.

10

GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION

The reign of terror in the name of revolutionary zeal unleashedby Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976. Militant Red Guards intimidated the populationto purge China of non-communist traditions and conceal the disastrous economic setbacks ofthe Great Leap Forward.

11

OVERSEAS CHINESE People of Chinese ancestry living outside of China,especially Southeast Asia and NorthAmerica. These ethnic Chinese haveplayed a major role in Chinas economic development.

12

SINICIZATION A term used to identify the Chinese imprint or influence ona people.

13

PROVINCES China has 22 provinces, the main political subdivisions forthe Peoples Republic of China.

14

AUTONOMOUS REGIONS China has 5 Autonomous Regions: Guangxi Zhuang, Nei Mongol, NingxiaHui, Xinjiang Uyghur, and Xizang.

15

SHI A municipality controlled by the central government ofChina. Currently, there are four (4) cities that are Shis: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.

16

BUFFER STATE A remnant of European colonialism that carved out spheres ofinfluence in Third Worldcountries. To minimize confrontation,certain territory was left relatively empty, as a cushionbetween these competing spheres. Mongolia evolved as a buffer state between China andthe Soviet Union.

17

QANATS Underground tunnels used to transport water from themountains into nearby, lower-lying desertareas.

18

THE LONG MARCH The year-long exodus of the Communists, who were driven outof China Proper in 1934 bythe Nationalists, through the difficult Chinese interior. From their refuge in the mountains, the Communists were ableto consolidate their resources and gain sufficient strength to emerge again in the late 1940s,defeating the Nationalists in 1949.

19

CONFUCIANISM The ideals deeply etched into Chinese culture and thenational character.

20

SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE Manufacturing and export center, established in the 1980s,to attract foreigninvestment and technology transfers through special taxbenefits and economic incentives. Slow progress has resulted. The most successful example of the originalsites is Shenzhen, just across from Xianggang(Hong Kong).

21

THE FOUR TIGERS OF THE ORIENT

Taiwan, South Korea, Xianggang (Hong Kong), and Singapore are thefour Asian beehive states that have followed the Japanese route to economicsuccess. The FourDragons of the Orient is another way of identifying these beehive economies.

22

PACIFIC RIM A reference to a far-flung group of countries and parts ofcountries that border the PacificOcean. This group shares thefollowing: relatively high levels ofeconomic development, industrialization,urbanization, and export/import activities that mainly move across the vast distancesof the Pacific Ocean.

23

JAKOTA TRIANGLE An acronym for three (3) highly developed East Asiancountries. The countries are: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

24

Kamikaze AJapanese word which means divine wind. During World War II,the Japanese military used bothaircraft and boats to conduct suicide attacks on Allied positions. Kamikaze was the term used for theseattacks, and for the individuals conducting theseattacks.

25

Archipelago A chain of islands grouped closely together. Japan is an example

26

Physiologic Density Thenumbers of people per unit of arable or cultivable land. Japan has one of the worlds highest physiologic densities because only ~ 13% of the land in Japan isarable or tillable. Although the population density of Japan is ~ 855people per square mile, its physiologic density is ~ 6,040 persquare mile.

27

Aquaculture Theuse of a pond or other artificial body of water to grow food products, including fish, shellfish,and even seaweed. This method of food production is also used inshallow bays and estuaries.

28

Ainu Agroup of people native to Japan. Typically of short stature, brunette, and with profuse body hair, they aredescendants of Caucasoid-type people. The Ainus generally live in small coastalvillages on Hokkaido, Sakhalin (Russia), and the Kuriles(Russia), hunting, fishing, and gardening.

29

Kanji AJapanese word which means words of Chinese origin.

30

Nippon The name that the people of Japan call their country.

31

Prefectures Thename for Japans political subdivisions.

32

Tokaido / Sanyo Thename given to Japanese bullet trains which interconnect the Tokaido megalopolis. In Japanese, a high-speed train is calledShinkansen.

33

Torii Agateway to a Shinto temple, consisting of two (2) wooden uprights that support one or two horizontal beams. The horizontal beams curve upward at theirends.

34

Samurai Japanese warriors, well-trained in martial arts

35

Shoguns Absolute military commanders that ruled medieval Japan

36

Export-oriented Industrialization Economicand trade policies that try to speed the industrialization process by exporting goods that canbe produced more efficiently. Government subsidies, tariff reductions, currency devaluations are some of the techniques that governments use topromote exports. Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan areexamples of export-oriented industrialization.

37

import substitution industrialization (ISI) an economic development strategy that emphasizes the domestic production of goods that substitute for imports. ISI policies decrease imports and exports.

38

Compromise Capital A capital city whichrepresents a compromise solution when two or more influential citiesvie to be selected capital. Canberra, Australia is an example.

39

Unitary State A political state, unifiedand centralized, usually with a long tradition of being governed by asingle authority. This authority exercises power equally throughoutthe country. Japan is an example.

40

Federal state political system in which a significant amount of power is given to individual states

41

3 Major River Basins in China huang he chang jiang xi jiang

42

CHINA CLIMATE Humid Temperate Cfa, Cwa Unclassified Highlands H Dry BWk, BSk Humid Cold Dwa. Dwb, Dwc Tropical Am, Aw

43

China minerals World leader in Coal,Pyrites, Tin, Tungsten 2nd in world in Phosphates 3rd in world Iron, Lead, Vanadium, Zinc Also has Antimony, Bauxite, Limestone, Manganese, Molybdenum, Oil

44

Chinas largest urban centers 1. Shanghai (lowerChang Basin)

most populous city, Chinas showcasefor globalization such as first magneticlevitation train

2. Beijing

(NorthChina Plain)

[Beijingis the political capital, cultural and educationalcenter, and core of China.]

45

Boxer Rebellion (1900): China revolted against alloutsiders. An international force was required torestore order.

46

Chinese-Japanese War (1894-95) further eroded Chinas ability to govern

47

Largest ethnic group in china The Han People

48

Special Economic Zones of China Purpose: Technology transfers & Substantialforeign investments OriginalSites: Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen Hainan,Pudong, and Binhai are newer SEZs Pudong (newer site) and Shenzhen aremost successful SEZs

49

Agriculture of North China Worldleader in wheat, cotton and tobacco 2nd in worldin corn and potatoes 3rd in worldin soybeans, and millet also grows lots of barley,sorghum, flax, and fruits [oxenand camels are used extensively.]

50

Agriculture of South China Worldleader in rice 2nd in worldin tea, jute, and peanuts 3rd in worldin cacao 4th in worldin cane sugar [waterbuffalo are used extensively.]

51

Leading Industrial Centers: China Shanghai,Shenyang, Hong Kong, Tianjin (Shanghai,Shenyang, and Anshan are the steel centers) (Tianjinis the center of the chemical industry)

52

Leading Ports: China Shanghai,Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin

53

MONGOLIA An independent country alongmost of Chinas northern border Mongolia is mostly a vast semi -desert and desert plateau. Mongolia has extensive copper, coal, molybdenum, tin andtungsten reserves. Goats are prized for their hair =cashmere

54

NORTH KOREA North Korea is a communistcountry, located in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. North Korea has a continental climate and mountainousterrain. Food shortages, including food rationing and evenstarvation are common. North Korea has the worlds 4th largestmilitary.

55

TAIWAN (Originally called "Formosa" until 1945) Taiwan is independent,located off the southeast coast of mainland China. Taiwan has an insular climate, the southern half of theisland is tropical. Taiwan has a prosperous, free market economic system, andis highly urbanized. Taiwans core area is at the northern end of island,centered on Taipei, the capital. The original settlers that came to the island werePolynesian.

56

Religions: China Kongfuzi (Confucianism) Daoism (Taoism)

57

Daoism (Taoism) Lao-Dzu lived in HunanProvince (~ 550 B.C.) Dao is the Way of the Heavens, the basicprinciple of all nature. Dao is cosmic serenity and energy.

58

Kongfuzi (Confucianism) Confucius lived in ShandongProvince (~ 500 B.C.) Confucius was a reformer and pragmatist. Book learning was emphasized at the expenseof science. Right thinking must prevail to guaranteegood, moral, peaceful existence. Confucius taught family is the foundationof Chinese society.

59

Huang He Yellow River, also the Riverof Sorrow yellow silt givesthe river its color.

North China Plain is located inlower portion of Huang He. Grand Canal links Huang He andChang Jiang.

60

Chang Jiang Yangtze River, (Jiang isChinese for river) Shanghai, Chinas best port, isat its mouth. ThreeGorges Dam worlds largest hydroelectric facility, (started in 1994, andopened in 2008) Sichuan Basin lies in middle partof Chang Jiang basin.

61

Xi Jiang West River, whose mouth isnear the Pearl River Estuary, where Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Macau arelocated.

62

Japans population ~ 127 million people (~72.5 million in 1945) over 99%Japanese about 0.5%Korean

63

Major religions: Japan Buddhism and Shinto are the dominant religions.

64

Japans Physical geogrpahy 4 Main Islands (formed by volcaniceruptions) Hokkaido Honshu Kyushu Shikoku

LandArea = 145,856 square miles Slightlysmaller than Montana, and alsosmaller than California

65

Japans Climate Climates - Cfa - Dfa - Dfb E, S, W Honshu, and Kyushu & Shikoku N Honshu Hokkaido

66

Vegetation Temperate Rain Forest DeciduousMid-latitude Forests

67

JAPANS MINERAL RESOURCES Japan Imports: 85% Coal 95% Iron Ore * 99% Oil

* Japanese steel industry imports Iron Ore from Australia, India, Philippines, &U.S. scrap.

68

JAPANESE AGRICULTURE 30% of Japans Food is imported because of its mountainous terrain throughout the islands and the shortgrowing season in the northern part of the country. Rice Hybrids

Tea & Grapes Silk Fish

69

Regions of Japan Kanto Plain [Honshu] Kansai (Kinki) District[Honshu] Nobi Plain [Honshu] Kitakyushu [Kyushu]

70

Australia physical geography (1) Highlands Great DividingRange

The Shield Arnhem plateau Barkly Tableland HamersleyPlateau Kimberley Plateau Macdonnell Ranges Musgrave Ranges

71

Australia physical geography (2) The Lowlands CarpentariaBasin Great ArtesianBasin (including the Darling River) Murray RiverBasin (Australias breadbasket) Nullarbor Plain Perth Lowland

TheOutback is the dry, desert-like interiorof Australia.

72

Agriculture of australia Wheat is theleading crop Sheep, 30% ofthe world market Beef (5thin world) \\ refrigerated ships since 1880s have enabled global meat shipments Dairy, close tourban areas ~ 9% Land isarable

73

New Zealand Population ~4.5 millionpeople ~ 87% of peopleare European ancestry ~ 85% live incities Auckland (N.Island) is largest city. Wellington (N.Island) is the capital.

74

New Zealand Economic

1

50% Pastureland Farming supplements pastureland

Cultural Pluralism (Pluralistic society) A society in which two or more population groups, each practicing its own culture, live adjacent to each other without mixing inside a single state.

Physiographic provinces (regions) A region within which there prevails substantial natural-landscape homogeneity, expressed by a certain degree of uniformity in surface relief, climate, vegetation, and soils.

Rain shadow effect The relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges caused by orographic precipitaion, wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands.

Fossil fuels The energy resources of coal, natural gas, and petroleum (oil), so named collectively because they were formed by the geologic compression and transformation of tiny plant and animal organisms.

Sunbelt Name given to the Southern tier of the U.S. (anchored by CA, TX, FL). Its warm climate, recreation...have been attracting many people since the 60's. Definition may include much of the Western U.S. including CO and the coastal PNW.

Migration A change in residence intended to be permanent. (See forced, internal, international, and voluntary migration).

Push factors / Pull factors (Push-pull concept) The idea that migration flows are simultaneously stimulated by conditions in the source area, which tend to drive people away, and by the percieved attractiveness of the destination.

American Manufacturing Belt No. America's near-rectangular Core Region, (corners are Boston, Milwalkee, St. Louis, & Baltimore), dominated the industrial geography of the U.S. and Canada during the industrial age; still an economic powerhouse at the realm's geographic heart.

Ghettos Intraurban region marked by a particular ethnic character. Often an inner-city poverty zone. Ghetto residents are invountarily segregated from other income and racial groups.

10

Outer cities The non-central-city portion of the American metropolis; no longer "sub" to the "urb," this outer ring was transformed into a full-fledged city during the late 20th century.

11

Suburban downtowns A significant concentration of major urban activities around a highly accessible suburban location, including retail, light industry, and a variety of corporate and commercial operations. The largest are now coequal to a central business district.

12

Postindustrial (economy) Emerging economy, as traditional industry is is eclipsed by a higher-technology productive complex dominated by services, info-related, & managerial activities.

13

Primary (economic activity) Activities engaged in the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture.

14

Secondary (economic activity) Activities that process raw materials and transform them into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector.

15

Tertiary (economic activity) Activities that engage in services - such as transporation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.

16

Quaternary (economic activity) Activities engaged in the collection, processing, and manipulation of information.

17

Mosaic culture Emerging cultural-geographic look of the U.S., dominated by fragmentaion of specialized social groups into homogeneous groups of interest marked by income, race, ethnicity & age, status, lifestyle. (Mosaic of myriad uniform but separate tiles).

18

Technopoles Planned techno-industrial complexes (ie Silicon Valley) that innovate, promote, and manufacture the products of the postindustrial informational economy.

19

Pacific Rim Countries (clockwise from New Zealand to Chile) facing the Pacific, evince high levels of economic development, industrialization, & urbanization: their imports/exports mainly move across Pacific waters.

Region Areas of the Earth's surface marked by certain properties. - based on human (cultural) or physical (natural) characteristics or both - regions are smaller and more detailed then realms - All regions have: an area, boundaries and location

Homogeneity degree of sameness

Formal Region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity or more phenomena. -called uniform region or homogenous region - Ex: English language, global spread, economic development, levels

Functional Region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure - a spatial system focused on a central core. -a region formed by a set of places and their functional integration - also called 'nodal region'

Desertification result of climate change, places becoming deserts

Transition Zones where geographic realms meet, not sharp boundaries

Spatial Change where peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join

Realms The largest geographic units into which the world can be divided based on physical and human features - based on spatial criteria - the result of the interaction between human society and natural environments - represent the most comprehensive and encompassing definition of the great clusters of humankind in the world today

Volcanoes opening or rupture in the Earth's crust which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface

10

Cartography the science and art of mapmaking

11

Population Density describes the number of people located in a given area

12

Plate Tectonics The theory that the earth's surface is made up of massive slabs of rock which are always moving, colliding with one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

13

Centrifugal force that divide a country or region

14

Centripetal forces that work to unite a country or region

15

Supranationalism An international cooperative venture involving the voluntary participation of three or more countries in an economic or political association

16

Weathering caused by the processes of erosion and deposition

17

Deposition adding of particles

18

Erosion Removing of particles

19

Kopen-Geiger system based on temperature, precipitation, and natural vegetation criteria. - A: tropical - B: dry - C: mild midlatitude - D: midlatitude with cold winters - E: Polar - H: Highlands

20

Four Major Clusters of Population 1. East Asia, 2. South Asia, 3. Europe, 4. Eastern North America

21

Cultural Landscape The composite of human imprints on the earth's surface

22

Cultural Hearth The source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond

23

Culture shared patterns of learned behavior - components: beliefs, institutions, and technology

24

Hurricane is an intense, rotating oceanic weather system where maximum sustained winds exceed 74 mph

25

Hydrological System Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff

26

Globalization cultural economic integration - cultural homogenization

27

Primate City A country's leading urban center is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national feelings, such as Paris is to France

28

Balkanization To break up into smaller and often hostile units - applied to the southern half of Eastern Europe

29

Irredentism A policy of cultural extension and political expansion aimed at a national group living in a neighboring country

30

Ethnic Cleansing refers to the forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by stronger powers bent on taking their territory

31

Shatter Belt A term applied to Eastern Europe by geographers to describe a zone of chronic political splintering and fracturing - Ex: break up of former Yugoslavia

32

The Core Areas of the World Constitute the area where the richer countries are clustered

33

State In political geography terms, a clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a capital city and recognized by a large portion of the international community

34

Nation-state A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity - Ex: Japan

35

City refers to a municipal entity that is governed by some kind of administrative organization

36

Von Thunen's isolated state model - 1st ring: perishable items such as dairy, fruit and vegetables - 2nd ring: forest - 3rd ring: cattle wool - 4th ring: grain

37

Physiological Density population per unit of cultivated land

38

Lingua Franca A bridge language of national politics, commerce and trade

39

Spatial Interaction made up of complementarity, intervening opportunity, and transferability

40

Complementarity Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands

41

Transferability The capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost

42

Intervening Opportunity the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

43

Devolution The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

44

Map Scale the ratio of distance between two places on a map and the actual distance between those two places on the earth's surface

Land bridge Narrow (land) link between two large land masses. Geologically temporary-subject to appearance & disappearance as the land or sea level rises & falls.

Archipelago A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain.

Culture hearths Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.

Mainland-Rimland framework European Mainland (Mexico to Panama, minus Carribean coast) was self-sufficient, dominated by hacienda land tenure. Euro-African Rimland (Carribean coast + the islands) was the plantation zone & relied heavily on trade w/ Europe.

Mestizo (Latin: mixed). Refers to a person of mixed European (white) and Amerindian ancestry.

Hacienda A large estate in Spanish-speaking country. Sometimes equated with the plantation, but there are important differences between these 2 types of agricultural enterprise.

Plantation A large estate organized to produce cash crop. Almost all plantations were established w/in the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings/reorganized as co-ops.

Acculturation Cultural modification resulting from intercultural borrowing. Refers to change that occurs in the culture of indigenous peopls when contact is made w/ a society that is technologically superior.

Transculturation Cultural borrowing & 2-way exchanges that occur when different cultures of about equal complexity & technological level come into close contact.

10

Maquiladoras New factories @ Mexico's U.S. border. Assemble imported components &/or raw materials, then export finished goods, mainly to the U.S. Import duties are disappearing under NAFTA, bringing jobs to Mexico & low wage rates to the factory owners.

11

Dry canal An overland rail &/or road corridor across a land bridge...performing the transit functions of a canalized waterway. Best adapted to the movement of containerized cargo, there must be a port @ each end to handle the break-of-bulk process.

12

Altitudinal zones Vertical regions defined by physical-environmental zones at various elevations, esp. in the highlands of So. & Middle Amer.

13

Tierra caliente (1. lowest) Lowest zone of settled Middle & So. Amer. The hot humid coastal plain & adjacent slopes. Vegetation is dense, luxuriant tropical rainforest. Crops include sugar& bananas (lower areas) & coffee, tobacco & corn (higher slopes).

14

Tierra templada (2. second from the bottom) The intermediate zone in Middle & So. Amer. Temperate, w/ moderate temps compared to the tierra caliente below. Crops include coffee, tobacco, corn & some wheat.

15

Tierra fria (3. third from the bottom, middle) Cold, high-lying zone in Andean So. Amer. Coniferous trees, upward to scrub & grassland. There are also important pastures w/in the fria, & wheat can be cultivated.

16

Tierra helada (4. fourth from the bottom) Highest lying inhabitable zone in Andean So. Amer. Too cold & barren to support anything but the grazing of sheep & other hardy livestock.

17

Tierra nevada (5. highest) The highest, coldest zone in Andean So. Amer. Uninhabitable. Permanent snow & ice.

18

Tropical deforestation The clearing & destruction of forests (esp. tropical rainforests) to make way for expanding settlement frontiers & the exploitation of new economic opportunities.

19

Mulatto A person of mixed African (black) and European (white) ancestry.

the idealized spanish town is mesoamerica had a central square or plaza a gridiron layout a location near good agricultural land

what is the chinese name for tibet xizang

the largest conurbation in japan is tokyo-yokohama-kawasaki

the slums of south ameriacs large cities are known as favelas or barrios

Which city is located in the last outpost of the Republic of China, which was first proclaimed in 1912 and is now situated on the island of Taiwan: taipei

A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land bodies is known as a(n): isthmus

what exists in a majority of the countries in south america strong cultural pluralism

what country alone account for more than half the population and land of south america brazil

the _________ portion of south america is the most developed and the __________ portion is the least developed

southern= most northeastern= least

10

which island was not colonized by the dutch luzon

11

the ethnic group forming a signigicant part of the commerical class in southeast asia are the chinese

12

What is the name of the mountain range that dominates the western side of South America? andes

13

The Pacific region called ___________ takes its name from the word for many, and is contained within a huge triangle whose corners are New Zealand, Easter Island, and the Hawaiian Islands. polynesia

14

native australians are known as aborigines

15

Japan's recent economic problems are a result of heavy dependence on foreign oil the rise of competing economic powers in east asia financial mismanagement losses in investments made in other countries

16

japans aging population is creating... labor shortages

17

why are japans relations with russia strained as a result of a longstanding dispute over the kurile islands closest to japan

18

why are japans relations with china difficult because of memories of the japanese (unapologized-for) behavior during world war II

19

why are japanese tourists less satidfied with life in japan after seeing how those in the west live

20

what is chinas population close to 1.3 billion

21

In Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, most of the people are adherents of : buddhism

22

Which country was once part of British India? Myanman (burma)

23

Mestizos are persons who are of mixed ____________ heritage. european and amerindian

24

The small oil rich Islamic sultanate of Insular Southeast Asia is: brunei

25

The administrative center of the Incan Empire was the city of: cuzco

26

argentinas dominant city it buenos aires

27

what was a pivotal and formative period in Chinese history, when the Chinese sphere of influence was enlarged, land reform occurred, and external trade commenced the han dynasty

28

Almost ____ percent of South Americans live in urban areas. 80%

29

Southeast Asia, compared to the South Asia realm, is: less densely populated

30

The Khmer Rouge killed as many as 2 million people in an attempt to change the society of: cambodia

31

The best example of an elongated state in South America, and probably the world, is: chile

32

New Zealand's largest ethnic minority group, whose roots are Polynesian, is known as the:

maori

33

agriculture is southeast asia is limites by generally infertile tropical soils

34

Two former colonial entities that reunited with China during the late 1990s are macaue and hong kong

35

taiwan is located off th oast of china

36

the outcome of the korean war in the 1950's was a military stalemate resulting in the continued divison of the country

37

chinas three largesr cities beijing, tianjin, shanghia

38

what country is a good example of a buffer state mongolia

39

japan south korea and taiwan constiture the ___________ triangle deng xiaoping

40

japans population.... is expected to decline over the next half century

41

The dynasty that ruled China from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 200 was so influential in the formation of the country that most Chinese today still consider themselves the people of __________. han dynasty

42

The capital of South Korea, which is located just south of the DMZ that marks the border with North Korea, is the city of seoul

43

Which country-river association is incorrect? a. b. c. d. e. Laos--Pearl northern Vietnam--Red Thailand--Chao Phraya Myanmar--Irrawaddy southern Vietnam--Mekong

loas--pearl

44

In 1965, _______ broke away from Malaysia and became a separate political entity in Southeast Asia. singapore

45

The largest Muslim country in the world in terms of population is: indonesia

46

The vast interior rural area of Australia is known as the: outback

47

In 1982 Argentina fought a war with Britain over: the falkland islands

48

Middle America's largest country today in terms of both area and population is: mexico

49

The country of ___________ is currently South America's leading exporter of crude oil. venezuela

50

is a fragmented state of over 7000 islands that was a Spanish colony for over 300 years, and about 80% of its people are Catholic. philippines
1

Altiplanos High-elevation plateaus, basins, or valleys between even higher mtn ranges, esp. in the Andes of So. America.

Land alienation One society or culture group taking land from another.

Plural societies A society in which two or more population groups, each practicing it's own culture, live adjacent to each other w/out mixing inside a single state.

Commercial (agriculture) For-profit agriculture

Subsistence Existing on the minimum necessities to sustain life; spending most of one's time in pursuit of survival.

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) The ultimate goal of supranational economic integration in No., Middle, and So. Amer.: the creation of a single-market trading bloc that would involve every country in the W. Hem. btwn the Artic shore of Canada and Cape Horn at the S. tip of Chile.

Urbanization Proportion of a country's pop. living w/in urban areas. Movement to & clustering of ppl in towns & cities. Expanding city absorbs rural countryside & makes suburbs -which also generates peripheral shantytowns in disadvantaged countries.

Rural-to-urban migration The dominant migration flow fm country-side to city that continues to transform the world's pop., most notably in the less advantaged geographic realms.

Megacities Informal term referring to the world's most heavily populated cities. Refers to a metropolis containing a pop. of greater than 10 million.

10

"Latin" American city (model) The Griffin-Ford model of intraurban spatiial structure in the Middle American and So. American realms. (See Fig. 5-8)

11

Informal sector Dominated by unlicensed sellers of homemade goods & svcs, the primitive form of capitalism found in many developing countries that takes place beyond the control of gov't.

12

Barrios / Favelas "Neighborhood" in Spanish. Shantytown on the outskirts or even well w/in an urban area. (Favelas = in Brazil).

13

Insurgent state Territorial embodiment of succesful guerrilla movement. The establishment by antigovernment insurgents of a territorial base in which they exercise full control. A state w/in a state.

14

Failed state A country whose institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails. (ie: Somalia).

15

von Thunen model Explains location of agricultural activities in a commercial economy. Process of spatial competition allocates farming activities into concentric rings around a central market city, w/ profit-capability determining how far a crop locates fm market.

16

El Nino (Southern Oscillation) Periodic, large-scale, abnormal warming of the sea surface in the low latitudes of the Pacific that has global implications, disturbing normal weather patterns -esp. in So. Amer.

17

Forward capital Capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border; confirms the state's determination to maintain presence in the region in contention.

18

Cerrado Fertile savannas of Brazil's interior Central-West. One of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers (Fig. 5-5). Soybeans=leading crop, & other grains & cotton are expanding. Inadequate transport to the outside world are a problem.

19

Growth-pole concept An urban center w/ certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate

Jammu and Kashir An area whose control is hotly disputed between India and Pakistan

Indus River largest river in Pakistan

Tehran The capital of Iran which is located in the foothills of the Elburz Mountains

Borders of Pakistan Afghanistan, India, China, Iran

African Transition Zone populations North= Non-Muslim South= Muslim

Abu Dhabi this city lost a good part of its hinterland to Pakistan in the partitioning of British India

Afghanistan known as a classic buffer state

The Islamic Front located in the African Transition Zone

West Africa France and Britain were two colonial powers that dominated this area

10

Pandemic a disease that spreads worldwide

11

Endemic sudden outbreak at local and regional scale

12

The Congo used to be a belgium colony before its independence

13

Iran differs from most of the north african/ southwest asian realm because it is predominantly Shi'ite.

14

East Africa home to the Serengheti Plain, and its unique landscape and wildlife make it a popular destination for tourism

15

Scramble for Africa The competition by European powers to divide Africa's territory into colonies during the 19th century

16

Ghana The first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast

17

Medical Geography The systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases

18

Turkey is in a complicated position as it tries to maintain an Islamic identity and its historical ties with Islamic countries to the east, while also trying to satisfy Western demands necessary to achieve admission to the European Union.

19

Christianity, Islam, and Tribal Religions religious traditions that have influenced African culture both before and after the arrival of the Europeans.

20

Nairobi Capital of Kenya, home to 3 million people

21

Somalia

22

Madagascar This large island, off the southeastern coast of Africa, is home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals, many found nowhere else on Earth

23

Johannesburg This city is the largest city in South Africa, and is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa. It has a population of about 3.6 million people and is a center of the gold and diamond trade

24

Angola This country in Southern Africa was once a Portuguese colony, and after independence, suffered through a violent civil war from 1975-2002. Its capital city is Luanda, with a population of around 5 million people

25

Cameroon This former French colony in Equatorial Africa is located to the east of the former British colony of Nigeria, and its capital is the city of Yaounde

26

Tanzania This East African country is home to Serengeti National Park and Mount Kilimanjaro, and the major coastal city of Dar es Salaam

27

Democratic Republic of Congo This Central African country, formerly known as Zaire, has its capital at Kinshasa, and is dominated by the Congo River basin

28

Zimbabwe This country was formerly part of the British colony of Rhodesia, and its president, Robert Mugabe, has been in power since the end of the country's post-independence civil war in 1979. The country's capital is the city of Harare

29

Wahhabism sect of Islam, found in Saudi Arabia

30

Saudi Arabia Home to Mecca and Medina - Islamic absolute monarchy

31

Aral Sea Soviets diverted water from the two main rivers feeding into the Aral for irrigating cotton and rice. - has shrunk down to only about 20% of its original size -salt concentrations increased, can't support life

32

Major Geographic qualities of Subsaharan Africa - a plateau continent that is physiographically unique, comprised of dozens of nations and hundreds of ethnic groups, a realm of people dependent on farming, state boundaries represent colonial legacies, dislocated people and largest refugee population, raw materials and resource potential.

33

Berlin Conference European states divide up Africa without consideration of indigenous cultures Results: African people divided, unified regions ripped apart, hostile societies thrown together, hinterlands disrupted, migration routes closed off.

34

Colonial Policies Great Britain: Indirect Rule, France: Assimilation, Portugal: Exploitation, Belgium: Paternalistic

35

Decolonization of Africa Movement that began at the end of World War II, imperial powers were weakened by war. - pressure from inside the colonies for independence, some transitions were peaceful, others were violent and chaotic - was finished by the mid 1970s - ultimately fragmented countries

36

Sahel Arabic word for border or margin

37

Desertification principle environmental problem

38

Nomadism A zone where people are ethnically African but culturally Arab

39

Hinduism The world's oldest religion, originated in the cultural hearth of the indus river valley

What type of govement does canada have Parliamentry

What kid of gov. does US have Free Republic

United states is __ in terms of territoral size 4th

Canada is __ in terms of territoral size 2nd

United states is __ in terms of population 4

Canada is __ in terms of population 36

The northern boundry of north america is Artic Ocean

The eastern boundry of north american is Atlantic Ocean

The western boundray of north america is Pacific Ocean

10

The southern boundary of north america is Mexico, Panama border

11

The southern boundary of Anglo-America is Mexico

12

North America is a __region Physical

13

Anglo- American is a __Region cultural

14

The longesdt open international bored in the world is between what 2 countries canada and US

15

a major exception to anglo-america in canada is the province of quebec

16

long island is part of what state new york

17

the flatland regions are 1. canadian sheild 2. great plains 3. interior lowlands 4. artic coastal plain 5. gulf-atlantic coastal plain

18

The cascades are primarily in what 2 states Oregon and washington

19

Which state contains the Sierra Nevadas? California

20

The major mountain range in the east is the Appalacians

21

the plateaus in the east are piedmont and cumberland

22

The mountains primarily in the Carolinas are smoky mountains

23

The mountains in Virginia are called the blue ridge

24

what moutains are located in pennsylvania catskills and great smoky

25

What moutains are in New York Aderondack and Poconos

26

The berkshires are located in Massachusetts

27

What moutains are in New Hampshire The white moutains

28

What moutains are in vermont The green mountains

29

The five great lakes drain into the __ River St Lawrence

30

The 4 tributaries of the Mississippi River are Red, Ohio, Arkansas, Missouri

31

What 2 rivers form the ohio river Allegney and Monoganela

32

Name the 2 main tributaries of the ohio river Cumberland and tennessee

33

into what body f water does the red river of the north flow Lake Winipeg

34

Name the 2 largest rivers or the western US Colorado and Columbia

35

What is the large canadian river that flows into the artic ocean Mackenzie

36

What is the principal river of alaska yukon

37

What state is virtually a peninsula florida

38

what state is 2 peninsulas michigan

39

What peninsula contains one state and portions of two (2) other states? Del marva

40

What bay is in the center of the Canadian Shield? Hudson Bay

41

What bay adjoins with thie larger bay James bay

42

What bay is along the northwestern shore of lake michigan Green Bay

43

what state has a shoreline on 4 of the 5 great lakes Michigan

44

How many air mass source regions influence the weather patterns in the United States? 5

45

What weather results from these air masses highly diverse weather

46

List all the climates found in Anglo-America by Koppen symbol. Aw, BS, BW, Cfa, Cfb, Csa, Csb, Dfa, Dfb, Dfc, EP, ET, H

47

What climate type is found in east central IL Dfa

48

Rainfall decreases rapidly __ of the __ meridian west, 100th

49

Where are the needleleaf forests found in the US Southeast, Pacific Northwest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan

50

WHere are the needleleaf forests in Canada Canadas Dfc climatic zone

51

Where are the grasslands of Anglo-America U.S. Midwest, U.S. Great Plains, U.S. Great Basin, Canadian Prairie Provinces

52

where are the deserts in the US Southwest U.S. Mojave, Sonora; U.S. Great Basin Great Salt Lake, Harney (Nevada)

53

what percent of the worlds newspring is produced by canadian forests 50%

54

soials are a key resource of the US east of the ___ meridian 1

55

Name the major coal fields in anglo- america Anthrocite Bithuminous Sub Bithuminous lignite

56

The major oil production area is Gulf Coast

57

Where are the lesser oils fields located Appalacian IL OK West Texas

58

What percent of the oil consumed is produced at home 37%

59

Name the 3 main zones in which mineral deposits are located canadian shield Appalacian land

West rockies./ Sierra nevada

60

A major iron ore deposit in the United States is the of Lake Superior. mesabi

range in northeastern Minnesota, just west

61

what mineral is mined in sudbury ontario nickel

62

what mineral is extrcted from the mines in southern quebec espestes

63

What is the population of the US 300 mil

64

What is the population of canada 31 mil

65

What type of society do they call canada and US pluralistic

66

The 3 culture hearths of the eastern US seaboad are New England Middle atlantic tidewater

67

the fastest growing minority in the US is Latino/ Hispanics

68

The AA pop remains fairly stable at __% of US total 13

69

What are the 7 values and beliegs of the American Nativist Culture desire for newness desire to be by native social acceptance freedom to move individualism

70

__% OF CANADIAN POP SPEAK ENGLISH 23

71

__% of canadian pop speak frence 60

72

what is "francophone" french speaking by law

73

the majority of churchgoers adhere to the ___faith Christian

74

In what parts of the US do most Roman Catholics reside east, manufacturing belt

75

In what pats of the US do most of the Protestant Christians reside South, Upper midwest

76

In what pats of the US do most of the Jewish reside New York

77

Is agriculture still an important sector in the economy of Anglo-America Yes

78

What main agricultural commodities do the US lead the world corn and soybeans

79

Wheat is grown in great plains (kansas)

80

Corn is grown in IL and Iowa

81

Beef Cattle comes from Texas (great Plains)

82

Dairy comes froms WI, NY, CA

83

Fruits and veggies come from CA, FL, TX

84

What has happened to agricultural producation in the US cotton belt soils depleated

85

How much of the US work force is engaged in agriculture 2%

86

What are the 4 corners of the American Manfacturing belt located Milwaukee, St Louis, Baltimoe, Boston

87

the 5th corner of the manufacturing belt is toronto

88

the industrial belt of the US is built around a dozen ___ districts Urban- industrial

89

the Urban industrial districts are linked by a ___ network in connected to ___ transportation, manufacturing centers

90

what factors have cause the decline of traditonal industry in the American Munufacturing belt Labor resources foreigh competition

91

What are the 2 main goals of the industrial revitalization effort modernize robotics regain leadership in global market place

92

Name the 5 leadig growth industires of the evolving post-industrial society gov social services military universites economic enterprises

93

What are the first 4 conditions likely to attract high- tech company to a locality affordable housing major univ. with graduaute programs

94

NAFTA means terror free

95

The non-contigious states in the US are Alaska Hawaii

96

A common and major caribbean territory of the US is Puerto Rico

97

List the 8 subregions of Anglo American Realm NE South Mid atlantic Pacific coast Midwest southwest

98

list the 3 major migrations that have occured in us history east-west rurals - n cities snowbelt-sunbelt

99

Where is the U.S. industrial revitalization effort centered midwest

100

What are the 3 maritime provinces of canada prince edward island, nova scotia, new brunswick

101

What are the 3 prairie provinces of canada Albert, Manitopa, Sachashaw

102

The Upper canadian provinve is ontario

103

The canadian province that is divided into 2 parts is Newfoundland

104

What are the names of the 2 divisions in newfoudland labrador newfoundland

105

What 2 territores are part of canada

106

What is the name that has been selected for the inuit amerindian homeland in canada nunavut

107

How do canadian cities typiclly differ from us cities more compact not spready out
1

Total area of East Asia 3.6 million

Today the ________ is playing a major role in the economic (and cultural) transformation of coastal China ocean

Climatic gradients of china north: cold east: wet south: warm west: dry

one of the worlds great culture hearths china

imperial forbidden city beijing

chinas political system communist

capital of china beijing

port city of china tianjin

largest city of china shanghai

10

how many provinces in china 22 (grow in size from east to west)

11

easterb half; the core of china china proper

12

tall mountains and high plateaus; sparsely populated (tibet)xizang

13

vast desert basin and mountain rims; a cultural contact zone xinjiang

14

a desert, buffer state mongolia

15

the jakota triangle japan, south korea, taiwan, rapid economic development

16

urban environmental problems in china air pollution congestion water pollution

17

chinas economic problems

serious energy shortage transportation infastructure poorly developed environmental degradation

18

deng xiaoping era took power in 1979 as a "pragmatic moderate" created SEZ's, open cities and open coastal areas

19

what does SEZ stand for special economic zones

20

first four coastal cities increased to __ cities 15

21

designed to attract foreign investments, concentrated along Pacific coast deltas and peninsulas

open coastal areas

22

special economic zones investor incentives low taxes easing of import and export regulations simplified land leases hring of contract labor permitted produts may be sold in foreign markets and in china location was prime consideration

23

an open city sometimes called the little shanghai qingdao

24

what does hong kong mean fragrant harbor

Region Areas of the Earth's surface marked by certain properties. - based on human (cultural) or physical (natural) characteristics or both - regions are smaller and more detailed then realms - All regions have: an area, boundaries and location

Homogeneity degree of sameness

Formal Region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity or more phenomena. -called uniform region or homogenous region - Ex: English language, global spread, economic development, levels

Functional Region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure - a spatial system focused on a central core. -a region formed by a set of places and their functional integration - also called 'nodal region'

Desertification result of climate change, places becoming deserts

Transition Zones where geographic realms meet, not sharp boundaries

Spatial Change where peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join

Realms The largest geographic units into which the world can be divided based on physical and human features - based on spatial criteria - the result of the interaction between human society and natural environments - represent the most comprehensive and encompassing definition of the great clusters of humankind in the world today

Volcanoes opening or rupture in the Earth's crust which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface

10

Cartography the science and art of mapmaking

11

Population Density describes the number of people located in a given area

12

Plate Tectonics The theory that the earth's surface is made up of massive slabs of rock which are always moving, colliding with one another and generating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

13

Centrifugal force that divide a country or region

14

Centripetal forces that work to unite a country or region

15

Supranationalism An international cooperative venture involving the voluntary participation of three or more countries in an economic or political association

16

Weathering caused by the processes of erosion and deposition

17

Deposition adding of particles

18

Erosion Removing of particles

19

Kopen-Geiger system based on temperature, precipitation, and natural vegetation criteria. - A: tropical - B: dry

- C: mild midlatitude - D: midlatitude with cold winters - E: Polar - H: Highlands

20

Four Major Clusters of Population 1. East Asia, 2. South Asia, 3. Europe, 4. Eastern North America

21

Cultural Landscape The composite of human imprints on the earth's surface

22

Cultural Hearth The source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond

23

Culture shared patterns of learned behavior - components: beliefs, institutions, and technology

24

Hurricane is an intense, rotating oceanic weather system where maximum sustained winds exceed 74 mph

25

Hydrological System Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff

26

Globalization cultural economic integration - cultural homogenization

27

Primate City A country's leading urban center is disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national feelings, such as Paris is to France

28

Balkanization To break up into smaller and often hostile units - applied to the southern half of Eastern Europe

29

Irredentism A policy of cultural extension and political expansion aimed at a national group living in a neighboring country

30

Ethnic Cleansing refers to the forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by stronger powers bent on taking their territory

31

Shatter Belt A term applied to Eastern Europe by geographers to describe a zone of chronic political splintering and fracturing - Ex: break up of former Yugoslavia

32

The Core Areas of the World Constitute the area where the richer countries are clustered

33

State In political geography terms, a clearly and legally defined territory, such as India or France, governed from a capital city and recognized by a large portion of the international community

34

Nation-state A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity - Ex: Japan

35

City refers to a municipal entity that is governed by some kind of administrative organization

36

Von Thunen's isolated state model - 1st ring: perishable items such as dairy, fruit and vegetables - 2nd ring: forest - 3rd ring: cattle wool - 4th ring: grain

37

Physiological Density population per unit of cultivated land

38

Lingua Franca A bridge language of national politics, commerce and trade

39

Spatial Interaction made up of complementarity, intervening opportunity, and transferability

40

Complementarity Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands

41

Transferability The capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost

42

Intervening Opportunity the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

43

Devolution The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

44

Map Scale the ratio of distance between two places on a map and the actual distance between those two places on the earth's surface

oil, desert, and strategic location arabian peninsula

25.4 million people with the worlds greatest oil reserves saudi arabia

impacts of oil high incomes

industrialization modernization

holy cities for islam Mecca and Medina (in saudi arabia)

saudi arabia's capital Riyadh

oil accounts for more than __% of saudi arabias exports 90%

the impact of oil wealth is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than in Dubai

gulf of oman, strait of hormuz, capital is Muscat, nearly a quarter of its pop of 2.8 million are non-nationals Oman

capital is sana'a, territory includes over 200 islands yemen

10

the empire states turkey and iran

11

Turkish ottoman empire nomadic people from siberia established an empire streching from mongolia to the black sea spread the turkish language declined in the early 1900's

12

father of modern turkey mustafa kemel

13

moved Turkey capital from constaninople to ankara mustafa kemel

14

westernizes turkey and broke free form the arab world Mustafa kemal

15

what alphabet replaced arabic roman

16

islamic law replaced by western code

17

westernization islam lost offical status woman gained rights turkey separate from arab world

18

during westernization what became a law monogamy

19

what population is 1/5 of turkeys 75.6 million Kurdish population (14 million)

20

capital city istanbul

21

a country of mountains and deserts iran (pop of 72 million)

22

predominantly shi'ites iran

23

five states of the former USS Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan kyrgyzstan tajikistan

24

Inland sea in Central Asia along ancient trading routes (now part of the independent republic of Kazakhstan) Aral sea

25

used for irrigating cotton and rice producing agricultural lan aral sea

26

region not a country turkestan

27

largest landlocked country in the world Kazakhstan

28

worlds largest dry steppe region kazakh steppe

29

oil producer, largest economy in central asia kazakhstan

30

buffer state afghanistan

31

A disease that spreads worldwide is known as a(n): pandemic

32

Before independence, the modern state of The Congo was a colony of belgium

33

Iran differs from most of the North Africa/Southwest Asian realm in that its predomintatly shi'ite

34

East Africa is home to the ___________ ________, and its unique landscape and wildlife make it a popular destination for tourism Serengheti Plain

35

The competition by European powers to divide Africa's territory into colonies during the 19th century is known as the scramble for africa

36

The first West African state to gain its independence, formerly called the Gold Coast, is: ghana

37

The systematic field of geography that focuses on the causes, locations, and spread of diseases is called ....... medical geography

38

The country of _________ is in a complicated position as it tries to maintain an Islamic identity and its historical ties with Islamic countries to the east, while also trying to satisfy Western demands necessary to achieve admission to the European Union. Turkey

39

Identify three religious traditions that have influenced African culture both before and after the arrival of the Europeans Christianity, Islam, and African tribal religions

40

Africa is a realm of people dependent on ______ for their livelihood farming

41

state boundaries represent _______ _______ colonial legacies

42

africa has the largest ______ population worldwide refugee

43

-Exists in equilibrium with the population -Many develop an immunity of sorts -Saps energy, lowers resistance, shortens lies endemic

44

sudden outbreak at local, regional scale epidemic

45

worldwide spread of disease pandemic

46

European states divided up Africa without consideration of indigenous cultures Berlin Conference 1884

47

results of superimposed boundaries African peoples: divided Unified regions: ripped apart Hostile societies: thrown together Hinterlands: disrupted

Migration routes: closed off

48

Indigenous power structures were left intact to some degree and local rulers were made representatives of the crown "Indirect Rule" Great Britain (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe)

49

Enforced a direct rule which propagated the French culture through language, laws, education and dress (acculturation) "Assimilationist" France (Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast etc.)

50

First to enslave and colonize and one of the last to grant independence Maintained rigid control; raw resource oriented Portugal- "Exploitation"

51

Treated Africans as though they where children who needed to be tutored in western ways; did not try to make them Belgian Belgium- "Paternalistic"

52

Movements began at the end of World War II Imperial powers weakened by war Pressure from within colonies for self-determination and independence Some transitions were peaceful, others violent and chaotic Decolonization of Africa

53

Movement of good is from th interior to coastal outlets transportation facilities

54

___________ within africa is impeded by desert, dense forest, and lack of navigable rivers in certain regions communication

55

______ _______ remains intact; most states rely on a single crop or mineral and are vulnerable to the world markets dual economy

56

not an urban realm with relatively low overall urbanization urban africa

57

plateau country that is rich in natural resources and agricultually diverse southern africa

58

System of legal racial segregation apartheid (1948-1994)

59

has 11 ofical languages south africa

60

lies astride the equator, mainly highlands, serengeti plain, cool and dry east africa

61

dominant state in east africa kenya

62

astride the equator, mainly lowland country, vast areas of rainforest equatorial africa

63

coincides with the border between british-influneced nigeria and friend acculturated Cameroon the adamawa highlands

64

dominated by the congo river, the most underdeveloped region in the realm, extensive resources equatorial africa

65

language predominant in most states in equatorial africa french

66

numerous small countries, differing colonial legacies west africa

67

Hausa-fulani, yoruba, ibo are... the three regions Nigeria was composed of

68

currently a federal stae under a military government nigeria

69

arabic word for border or margin sahel

70

principal environmental problem desertification

71

a zone where people are ethnically african but culturally arab African transition zone (nomadism)

72

Years of conflict, famine, disease, population explosion, and environmental degradation Weak, unstable governments High levels of ethnic conflict Growing numbers of refugees Horn of Africa-Somalia, Ethiopia, Somaliland, Djibouti, and Eritrea

73

failed state, no effective central government for decades, control by warlords somalia

74

major rivers in south asia ganges and indus

75

rising prosperity, endemic poverty, cultrual regionalism, boundary tensions south asia

76

positive impacts of the monsoon rainfall for agriculture breaks a hot and dry season replenishes water supplies highlysybolic

77

negative imapcts of the monsson

flooding homelessness disease malnutrition

78

with is south asia a culturally fragmented realm due to significant relgious and linguistic diversity

79

what emerged from the beliefs and practices brought to India by the Indo-Europeans (Aryans) -(6th century BC) Hinduism

80

born of discontent, made the state religion of India in 3rd century BC buddhism

81

what swept through northern india in the late 10th century AD

Islam

82

worlds oldest religion hinduism

83

religious contrast between islam and hinduism Islam has no idols, one sacred book, intolerant of other religions, bury dead Hinduism has many idols, various sacred writings, absorb other religions, burn dead

84

southern african country was once a portuguese colony and after independence suffered through a violent civil war angola (pop 5 million)

85

largest city in south africa johannesburg

86

wealthiest province in south africa, center of the gold and diamond trade johannesburg

87

large island off the southeastern coast of africa, home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals madagascar

88

east african country home to serengeti national park and mount kilimanjaro, adn the coastal city of Dar es Salaam tanzania

89

capital of iran and is located in the foothills of the elburz mountains tehran

90

country formerly part of the british colony of rhodesia, capital is harare zimbabwe

91

robert mugabe has been in power of what country since the end of the countrys post-independence civil war in 1979 zimbabwe

92

france and britain were two colonial powers that dominated this area west africa

93

a former french colony in equatorial africa that is located to the east of nigeria and its capital is yaounde cameroon

94

an area whose cotrol is hotly disputed between india and pakistan jammu and kashir

95

african transition zone populations

north= non-muslim south= muslim

96

this city lost a good part of its hinterland to pakistan in the partitoning of british india abu dhabi

97

capital of kenya, home to 3 million people nairobi

98

section of islam, found in saudi arabia wahhabism Realm large segments of the earth's surface having the same broad culture complexes

Relative Location the position of one place with respect to another place or set of places

Functional Region (nodal region) has a definite center or node and is based on a level of homogeneity in spatial interaction patterns that occur between this center (core) and all other parts of this region (hinterland). ex: labor commuting sheds, newspaper circulation area

Subduction one lithospheric plate goes under another

Desertification the extreme deterioration of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas due to loss of vegetation and soil moisture

World Population Trends prior to 8000 BC: negligible growth 8000BC-1750: very slow growth post 1750: very rapid growth

Core, Periphery

core: central zone of highest concentration and greatest homogeneity domain: zone of less intensity and some diversity sphere: least intensity but still recognizable qualities

Transition Zone most formal regions and all functional regions have "fuzzy boundaries" or transition zones. well-defined boundaries are only associated with political or administrative units

Formal Regions are relatively uniform throughout their area in terms of an identifying criterion or property. ex: political units, climatic regions, soil distributions

10

Continental Drift theory of the break up of Pangaea, continents are constantly moving on lithospheric plates. supported by fossil evidence and tectonic theory

11

Lithosphere the layer of the earth that is land, broken up into a number of rigid plates floating on magma

12

Asthenosphere partially molten and pliable region under Earth's crust

13

Climate the long term pattern and variation in temperature and moisture

14

Culture patterns of learned behavior transferred from generation to generation

15

Globalization patterns of international migration, global language, international flows of capital, etc. have led to a highly interconnected world

16

Absolute Location area of functional region surrounding the core

17

Lingua Franca a secondary language understood by people who use it when they do not know the primary language of those with whom they wish to communicate

18

Glaciation glaciers spread over land

19

Immigrant someone who moves into a country

20

emigrant someone who moves out of a country

21

Developed vs. Developing Nation developed= mainly western nations, high levels of education, employment, literacy, access to health care,

soviet union lasted about 70 years

Russian population shrinking by more than 750,000 per year - most people are found in the western part of the country

Mesopotamia the ancient name for the land between the tigris and euphrates rivers

Niger least influenced by the spread of Islam

Chechnya A russian republic who fought a (still unresolved) war for independence from Moscow during the 1990s

Siberia the vast region of russia known as "Russia's freezer" and "sleeping land"

Ottoman Empire The empire that ruled over much of Southwest Asia prior to World War I

Sunni The sect of Islam that 85% of Muslims consider themselves

Forward Capital the establishment of the headquarters of the russian empire in St. Petersburg

10

the Maghreb The western North African countries of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco

11

Relocation Diffusion the process of spatial diffusion whereby an innovation or idea carried by migrants to a distant location and diffuses from there

12

Aswan High Dam located on the Nile River

13

Kurdish population Iraq's northern oil cities of Kirkuk and Mosul

14

Darfur Province the recent scene of violent conflict and ethnic cleansing is located in the central-west portion of Siberia

15

Permafrost persistently frozen ground

16

Golan Heights Syria lost this territory to Israel during the Arab-Israeli conflicts

17

Atlas Mountains the major mountain range in North Africa

18

Vladivostok The eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad

19

Transcaucasia The territory south of the Russian border between the black and caspian sea

20

Expansion diffusion a type of spatial diffusion whereby an innovation or idea spreads from an origin point and diffuses outward into new areas

21

Ural Mountains in west-central Russia that is sometimes regarded as the boundary between Europe and Asia

22

Command Economy Under the Soviet economic system, assignment by the central government in Moscow, rather than market forces, controlled by the development of places

23

Iraq The plain between tigris and euphrates rivers, once the source of great civilizations, is in this modern day country

24

St. Petersburg A historic russian city, which was called Leningrad during the Soviet era, was established by Peter the Great as the forward capital of the Russian Empire and was renamed

25

Aral Sea the body of water in Central Asia which was devastated by Soviet-era irrigation schemes, and latest estimates

This country, which is split between the Malay Peninsula and part of the island of Borneo, has its capital at Kuala Lumpur and recognizes Islam as its official religion. Malaysia

This independent city-state is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, is one of the busiest ports in the world and a leading international finance center. Singapore

This fragmented state of over 7000 islands, is a former Spanish colony and US possession, and its capital and primate city is Manila Philippines

This former Dutch colony, with the largest Muslim population in the world and a capital at Jakarta, is spread out over more than 17,000 islands and has suffered numerous natural disasters due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Indonesia

This country of about 52 million is the former British colony of Burma, and has been ruled by a military government since 1962. Myanmar

This city is the capital of Thailand, and is a major transportation hub and gateway for tourists coming to Thailand and the surrounding region. Bangkok

This city along Australia's southeastern coast is the country's largest and most populous city, and serves as the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney

This country off the southeastern coast of Australia is mainly comprised of two large islands, North Island and South Island, and a number of small islands. Its capital is at Wellington, and its population of about 4 million is mainly of European descent, with a significant Maori minority New Zealand

The population of this territory of Australia, which occupies much of the center of the continent, is concentrated along its major road known as the Stuart Highway. Its capital of Darwin is situated along Australia's northern coast. Canberra

10

This Southeast Asian country was once split into North and South, and was only reunified in 1975, after the end of a long military conflict that involved the United States. Its capital is the city of Hanoi. Vietnam

11

This river system, the world's largest, is located mainly in Brazil and flows through the world's largest rain forest. Its unexplored areas many be home to many previously unknown species of plants and animals. Amazon

12

This city, the capital of Argentina, is the second largest metropolitan area in South America. Buenos Aires

13

This country, along South America's northern coast, is a major oil exporter, and the government of its current President, Hugo Chavez, has had a contentious relationship with the US. venezuela

14

This long and narrow country along the western coast of South America has its capital at Santiago,and suffered through a devastating 8.8 magnitude earthquake in February 2010. CHILE

15

This city, built on the ruins of an ancient Aztec city, is the capital of Mexico and the largest city in the Americas, with a population of over 8.8 million people. mexico city

16

This country, the southernmost country in Central America, is home to the canal built by the United States to link the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea. panama

17

This US state, which became the 49th state in January 1959, was created out of territory purchased from the Russian Empire in 1867. alaska

18

This Southern California city is the second most populous city in the United States, and is known as a center for the film and entertainment industries. los angeles

19

This city is situated within the District of Columbia, and serves as the capital of the United States. washington DC

20

This very poor country located on the western half of the island of Hispaniola, whose capital is Port-au-Prince, has suffered a number of devastating natural disasters in recent months, including earthquakes and tropical storms. haiti

21

What country, with its primate city of Prague, was once part of Czechoslovakia? czech republic

22

This country, on the western end of Europe's Iberian peninsula, has its capital at Lisbon. portugual

23

This European country, known for its political neutrality and its picturesque alpine landscapes, chose not to join the European Union switzerland

24

The entrepot city of Copenhagen is the capital of this European country. denmark

25

This Eastern European country suffered through a devastating war with neighboring Serbia from 1990-1995 that sparked an international response. bosnia

26

This low-lying European country, part of the Benelux, employs a sophisticated system of dykes and flood control to keep its land from being inundated by the sea. netherlands

27

Which mountainous republic within the Russian Federation has its capital at Grozny, and has been the scene of repeated conflicts between separatists and pro-Russian supporters? chechnya

28

This historic city, located in the northwestern portion of Russia, was an example of a forward capital for the Russian Empire. st.petersburg

29

This major city in the Russian Federations Far Eastern District is the terminus for the Trans -Siberian Railway. vladivostok

30

This north-south running mountain range is generally considered to be the dividing line between the European-influenced area of Russia and its Asian territory. ural mountains

31

The cities of Marrakech and Casablanca are located in what North African country, which is also home to the Berber ethnic group? morocco

32

The city of Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, is located in what modern-day country? turkey

33

This city, in the Nile River Delta, is one of the most densely populated cities in the world and the capital of Egypt cairo

34

The Darfur Province in this country has been the scene of violent conflict and ethnic cleansing in recent years sudan

35

Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, is located in this modern-day country iraq

36

This republic in Central Asia is home to the largest desert steppe in the world, and the launch site for missions to the International Space Station kazakhstan

37

This mountain range stretches through the North African countries of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia atlas mountains

38

This Central Asian country, whose capital is Kabul, has had a turbulent history of foreign intervention, including a Soviet invasion in 1979 and Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001 afghanistan

39

This country, with the world's largest oil reserves, is home to the cities of Mecca and Medina, which are considered holy sites for those who practice Islam saudi arabia

40

This majority of the population in this country, whose capital is Tehran, are Shi'ite Muslims iran

41

This city is the capital of Kenya, and is home to over 3 million people nairobi

42

This country along Africa's eastern coast has been the scene of ongoing conflict, and pirates from this country plague international shipping in the nearby waters. somalia

43

This West African country was one of the first to gain independence from its colonial rulers, and its capital Accra has over 2 million people ghana

44

This large island, off the southeastern coast of Africa, is home to thousands of unique species of plants and animals, many found nowhere else on Earth. madagascar

45

This city is the largest city in South Africa, and is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa. It has a population of about 3.6 million people and is a center of the gold and diamond trade. johannesburg

46

This country in Southern Africa was once a Portuguese colony, and after independence, suffered through a violent civil war from 1975-2002. Its capital city is Luanda, with a population of around 5 million people. angola

47

This former French colony in Equatorial Africa is located to the east of the former British colony of Nigeria, and its capital is the city of Yaounde. cameroon

48

This East African country is home to Serengeti National Park and Mount Kilimanjaro, and the major coastal city of Dar es Salaam. tanzania

49

This Central African country, formerly known as Zaire, has its capital at Kinshasa, and is dominated by the Congo River basin. the congo

50

This country was formerly part of the British colony of Rhodesia, and its president, Robert Mugabe, has been in power since the end of the country's post-independence civil war in 1979. The country's capital is the city of Harare zimbabwe

51

This small, mountainous country north of India is one of the most remote and closed-off countries in the world, and its people actually measure their level of happiness. Its natural beauty and unique cultural heritage have led some to call it the "Last Shangri-La." bhutan

52

This city on the western coast of India, is currently India's most populous city, with a population of over 20 million and growing, and was known as Bombay until 1995. mumbai

53

This group of over 1000 small islands off the southern coast of India relies on tourism and is facing the prospect of being inundated by rising sea levels. maldives

54

4. This country, whose capital is Dhaka, is very densely populated and is subject to frequent devastating floods from the Ganges River and tropical cyclones. bangladesh

55

This city of over 17 million people is situated in the north central part of India, and serves as its capital. New Delhi

56

This large country on China's northern border, whose capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar, is the most sparsely populated country in the world, and most of its land area is desert steppe. mongolia

57

This city along China's southern coast is one of the world's leading financial centers, and was a British possession until 1997, when it was returned to China and became China's first Special Administrative Region (SAR). hong kong

58

This country is home to technology companies Samsung and LG, and its capital city, Seoul, hosted the Olympic Games in 1988. south korea

59

This city is the capital of Japan, and its Akihabara District is a world famous electronics and technology shopping area. tokyo

60

This island nation was once known as Formosa, is recognized as an independent country by most of the world, but is considered by the Chinese government to be a 'wayward' province that rightfully belongs to China. taiwan

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Subsaharan Africa Congo River, Congo Basin, Lake Victoria, Gulf of Guinea, Mocambique Channel, Kalahari Basin,

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: South Asia Himalayas, Ganges River, Indus River, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal,

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: East Asia Gobi Desert, Northeast China Plain, South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, East Sea (Sea of Japan), Yellow River, Long River, West River,

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Southeast Asia Philippine Sea, Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea, Jakarta Bay, Mekong River, Timor Sea, Red River Delta, Strait of Malacca,

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: The Austral Realm Great Barrier Reef, Great Dividing Range, Southern Ocean, Tasman Sea, Bass Strait, Gulf of Carpentaria, Coral Sea, Arnhem Plateau, Great Austrailian Bight, Cape York Peninsula,

(At least) 5 Physical Geographical Features of: Pacific Realm High islands, Volcanoes, Low islands, Coral, Pacific Ocean, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia,

(At least) 3 Problems of: Subsaharan Africa Poverty, AIDS, Water supply, Severe dislocation=largest refugee population in the world, Tropical, non-freezing climates=breeding bacteria, Gov't mismanagement & poor leadership afflict economies, bad boundary framework, weakest link in int'l econ

(At least) 3 Problems of: South Asia Poverty, Annual monsoon dominates life, High population growth,

(At least) 3 Problems of: East Asia Political geog has flashpoints that can cause conflict, Has world's deadliest mining industry,

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(At least) 3 Problems of: Southeast Asia Volcanic activity, earthquakes, Mismanagement & corruption in Indonesia=no dominant state, Democracy faltering in Malaysia, East Timor nation-building project failed, Cambodia's social geography suffers fm aftereffects of Indochina War

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(At least) 3 Problems of: Austral Realm Environmental degradation, Aboriginal land issue has had a polarizing effect on politics & society-may overwhelm court system & inhibit economic growth, climate change is worsening droughts=firestorms,

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(At least) 3 Problems of: Pacific Realm Maritime boundary problems, exclusive economic zones, rising sea levels threaten existence of entire Pacific

study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface Human geography

study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places Population Geography

four major clusters on population distribution east asia, south asia, europe, eastern north america

is the study of measuring population structure and change Demography

number of people per areal unit population density

population per unit of cultivatable land physiological density

A wide-ranging and comprehensive field that studies spatial aspectsof human cultures cultural geography

shared patterns of learned behavior culture

culture is the ________ agent

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natural environment in the _______ medium

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the ___________ from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond source areas

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is an organized set of practices that profess to explain our existence and 'purpose religion

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seek to expand their reach and memebership universalizing religions

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are tied to birth, passed down through generations ethnic religions

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the study of the interaction of geographical area and political process political geography

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a politically organized territory state

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a state must contain a permanent resident population an organized economy a functioning internal circulation

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no global government, but political bodies are linking global governance

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mostly for trade and mutual defense country groupings

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global economic integration globalization

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reverses trends of globalization by favoring the local null

examines how natural forces shape Earth physical geography

how human interaction modifies the environment and the spatial organization of human activity human geography

the study of place and space geography

geography studies the ________ and ___________ of features on the earth's surface location and distribution

geographic realms and/or regions based on sets of spatial criteria geographers

broadest divisions of the physical world landmasses and oceans

realms are based on _________ __________ spatial critreria

realms are the result of the interaction between ________ and ______ __________ societies & natural environments

where geographic realms meet transition zones

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zones are marked by a ___________ _________ (rather than a sharp break ) in the characteristics that distinguish neighboring realms gradual shift

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areas of the earth's surface marked by certain ________ properties

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criteria can be: human, physical, or both

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________ are smaller and more detailed than realms regions

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marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena formal region

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literally means 'country behind Hinterland

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a term that applies to the survice area 'behind' an urban center hinterland

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a region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal strcture functional region

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: Europe WATER: Aegean, Adriatic, Baltic, Black, Mediterranean, North, Norwegian Seas. Thames, Seine, Rhine, Rhone, Danube Rivers. MTNS: Alps, Appennines, Carpathians, Dolomites, Pyrenees

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: Russia WATER: Don, Irtysh, Lena, Ob, Volga Rivers. Barents, Caspian, East Siberian & Sea of Okhotsk. MTNS: Ural, Caucasus, Central Asian Ranges. OTHER: Russian Plain, West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, Yakutsk Basin, (Kamchatka Peninsula)

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: North America WATER: Atlantic/Pacific/Arctic, Gulfs of Alaska & Mexico, Atlantic Seaboard, Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, Labrador Sea. Rio Grande, Mississippi, Columbia Rivers. MTNS: Rocky, Sierra Nevada, Cascade. OTHER: Great Plains, Pacific Hinge

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: Middle America WATER: Gulfs of California, Mexico, Honduras & Panama, Panama Canal, Carribean Sea

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: South America WATER: Atlantic/Pacific, Carribean Sea, Amazon River, Guanabara Bay. MTNS: Andes. OTHER: Amazon Basin

(At least) 5 Geographical Features of: North Africa/SouthWest Asia WATER: Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Nile River, Niger River, Tigris/Euphrates River OTHER: Fertile Crescent

(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: Europe Rapidly aging population, in demographic decline. Demands for greater autonomy & cultural challenges posed by immigration are straining European social fabric. East-West contrasts.

(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: Russia Corrupt gov't. Media controlled by gov't = slanted/censored coverage.

(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: North America Illegal Immigration. Major recession. Loss or decline of major industries/Moving factories to other countries decreasing jobs in America. U.S.-continued wars. Large, dysfunctional gov't. Can.-low birth rate, Immigrants don't want to learn French.

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(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: Middle America Drug Wars/Kidnapping, Murder. Factories provide "new jobs" but they are short-term & pull out, leaving major problems (health, pollution...)

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(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: South America Not good infrastructure. Buenos Aires "rules"=disparities in rest of country. Ecuador=threat of mudslides, volcanoes. Columbia=Drug trafficking/corrupt police, insurgent regions. Brazil=destruction of the Amazon, gov't passes but can't enforce laws

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(At least) 3 Regional Problems of: North Africa/SouthWest Asia Egypt=pop x2 each 20-25 yrs, Finite H2O (Regulation of the Nile), Paving over best agricultural land, Dictatorship