CHAPTER 8 ALCOHOL: SOCIAL BEVERAGE/SOCIAL DRUG

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS 1. Students may be interested in the chemical formula for alcohol fermentation. It is as follows:

C6H12O6 (sugar ! 2C2H"OH (alcohol # 2CO2 (carbon dio$ide

%he con&ersion arrow re'resents the action of yeast. 2. In&ite to your class an owner of a local wine and li(uor store or the manager of a state)controlled wine and li(uor store in your community. Students can as* about the 'attern of alcohol 'urchases during a 'articular wee*+ season+ or time of the day. ,iscussion -uestion: .. /ou might want to re)enact the demonstration described in the ,rugs0in 1ocus feature on 'age 222 of the te$t+ showing the enormous dis'arity in alcohol consum'tion among indi&iduals in the 3nited States. 4ring ten em'ty cans of beer (one si$)'ac* and four e$tra cans to class and choose ten &olunteers: Identify three students to hold nothing at all (for comic effect+ they could 'antomime holding a can of beer . %hey would re'resent the .2 'ercent of the 'o'ulation who do not drin* alcohol at all. Identify fi&e students who together hold two cans. %hey would re'resent the "2 'ercent of the 'o'ulation who drin* 22 'ercent of the total alcohol consumed in the 3nited States. Identify one student who holds two cans. %his 'erson would re'resent the 12 'ercent of the 'o'ulation who drin* another 22 'ercent of the total alcohol consumed in the 3nited States. Identify one student who holds the si$)'ac* of cans. %his 'erson would re'resent the 12 'ercent of the 'o'ulation who drin* 62 'ercent of the total alcohol consumed in the 3nited States. 5otice that the ninth and tenth students in this demonstration are holding eight cans of beer out of the ten. In other words+ 22 'ercent drin* 62 'ercent of the total alcohol consumed each year. 7elated 5C 8ssential Standard: 9 :%O, 1." ;redict the effects of substance abuse on other 'eo'le as well as society as a whole. 9.:%O,.2.2 3se strategies for a&oiding binge drin*ing. Criti(ue< 8&aluation: I thin* this lesson creates a &isual demonstration 'ortraying how alcohol effects our society in the 3nited States. %his demonstration statistically allows the students to see how their 'eers and friends will be im'acted by alcohol consum'tion. %his lesson can be im'lemented to create a class discussion in which we can 'redict the effects of substance abuse on other 'eo'le as well as the school as a whole. Calculating how many students and classmate in the school will be im'acted by alcohol in the future. %his will hel' us lead into the ne$t lesson of how we can im'lement strategies to a&oid alcohol and how to a&oid riding in a car or engaging in other ris*y beha&iors with someone who is under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.

I rate this demonstration a 6 out of = in terms of ease of 're'aration and usefulness. I feel that this lesson will be easy to 're'are and o&erall creates a great &isual to re'resent how alcohol effects our society in the 3nited States. I thin* the demonstration would gi&e a good &isual re'resentation while the accom'anying discussion would hel' the students 'rocess what they are seeing. I really li*e how it clears u' some false attitudes towards how common drin*ing alcohol is in society. I could see this acti&ity being used in many ways and in different 'oints in the lesson. It could be used as 'art of the focus<re&iew for a class that already has a strong bac*ground of alcohol *nowledge or as 'art of the teacher in'ut for a class that is not as ad&anced in it>s *nowledge. 8ither way+ I thin* this would be a great 'art of an alcohol lesson. ?. :n interesting discussion can be based on the following (uotation from an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine (222.+ 29 @anuary + referring to the beneficial effects of alcohol with res'ect to cardio&ascular disease: ASubstitution of one disease for another is not a medical ad&ance0. If alcohol were a newly disco&ered drug (instead of a drin* dating bac* to the dawn of human history + we can be sure that no 'harmaceutical com'any would de&elo' to 're&ent cardio&ascular disease. 5or would many 'hysicians use a thera'y that might reduce the rate of myocardial infarctions by 2" to "2 'ercent+ but that would result in thousands of additional deaths 'er year due to cancer+ motor &ehicle accidents+ and li&er disease.B ('. 16? /ou may want to re'roduce the entire editorial+ A%o drin* or not to drin*.B

LECTURE OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER EIGHT :. Chat Da*es an :lcoholic 4e&erageE 1. Ethyl alcohol ! "#o$%c&$ '#o( o#)a* c (at&# al + th a !%)a# co*t&*t th#o%)h a "#oc&!! call&$ '&#(&*tat o*, %here is a wide range of fruits and &egetables that can be fermented into some form of alcoholic be&erage. 1ermentation alone achie&es a ma$imal alcohol content of about 1"F16 'ercent. 2. Starchy grains are fermented in a 'rocess called brewing that 'roduces beer. High le&els of alcohol content can be achie&ed through the 'rocess of distillationGu' to a''ro$imately 9" 'ercent. ;roducts of distillation+ called distilled s'irits or li(uor+ are commonly designated by le&els of 'roof+ with the 'roof of an alcoholic be&erage being twice the 'ercentage of alcohol content. 4. :lcohol 3se through History 1. 1ermented honey was 'robably the original alcoholic be&erage+ dating bac* to 6222 4.C. I* th& -.//!0 + $&!"#&a$ co*!%("t o* o' ) * 1a $ !t ll&$ !" # t 'la2o#&$ + th 3%* "&# 4&## &!5 4&ca(& a (a3o# !oc al "#o4l&(0 "a#t c%la#ly * la#)& c t &! * E*)la*$, 2. Consum'tion of rum and whis*ey in the 3nited States was e$tensi&e+ se&eral times the le&el in 'resent)day society. %he growing influence of the tem'erance mo&ement+ beginning around 16.2+ resulted in a slow decline in alcohol consum'tion. I* -67/0 *at o*+ $& "#oh 4 t o* o' alcohol !al&! a*$ $ !t# 4%t o* * th& U,S, +a! &*act&$ *to la+0 lat&# to 4& #&"&al&$ * -688, C. ;atterns of :lcohol Consum'tion %oday 1. C%##&*t *$%!t#y ' )%#&! #&"o#t that a2&#a)& alcohol co*!%("t o* "&# $ay * th& U,S, ! a""#o9 (at&ly o*& to o*& a*$ o*&:hal' ;!ta*$a#$ $# *<!= "&# $ay, A !ta*$a#$ $# *< ! ty" cally &!t (at&$ to 4& &>% 2al&*t to & th&# o*& ?:o%*c& )la!! o' + *&0 o*& -7:o%*c& 4&&# o# + *& cool&#0 o# o*& -,?:o%*c& !hot o' 8/:"#oo' l >%o#, Each o' th&!& $# *<! co*ta *! a""#o9 (at&ly o*&:hal' o%*c& o' "%#& alcohol, 2. : relati&ely small 'ro'ortion of the 3.S. 'o'ulation accounts for most of the alcohol consumed. I* 'act0 8/ "&#c&*t o' th& total a(o%*t o' alcohol co*!%(&$ * th& U* t&$ Stat&! &ach y&a# ! co*!%(&$ 4y o*ly 7/ "&#c&*t o' th& "o"%lat o* * )&*&#al0 a*$ o*ly 8/ "&#c&*t o' th& A(&# ca*! +ho $# *<, .. Alcohol co*!%("t o* * th& U* t&$ Stat&! ha! 4&&* !lo+ly $&cl * *) * #&c&*t y&a#!, A(o*) yo%*) a$%lt!@a*$ tho!& * coll&)& * "a#t c%la#@ho+&2&#0 alcohol co*!%("t o* #&(a *! a ! )* ' ca*t !oc al "#o4l&(, ?. B *)& $# *< *) ! $&' *&$ 'o# (&* 4y th& *)&!t o* o' ' 2& o# (o#& alcohol c $# *<! * a #o+ 1ty" cally + th * t+o ho%#!5 a*$ 'o# +o(&* 4y th& *)&!t o* o' 'o%# o# (o#& alcohol c $# *<! * a #o+, ;re&alence le&els of binge drin*ing ha&e remained relati&ely steady from 199. to 222". :d&erse effects of binge drin*ing ha&e been shown to im'act the beha&ior of drin*ers and nondrin*ers ali*e. ,. %he ;harmacology of :lcohol 1. Alcohol ! >% c<ly a4!o#4&$ *to th& 4loo$!t#&a(, It! (&ta4ol !( a*$ &2&*t%al &9c#&t o* ! ach &2&$ at a co*!ta*t #at&@a""#o9 (at&ly -// ( ll )#a(! o' alcohol "&# ho%# "&# < lo)#a( o' 4o$y +& )ht@th#o%)h th& &*Ay(at c "#oc&!!&! * th& l 2&#, B ot#a*!'o#(at o* o' alcohol #&l &! %"o* t+o &*Ay(&!: alcohol $&hy$#o)&*a!& a*$ ac&tal$&hy$& $&hy$#o)&*a!&, Th& (&ta4ol c #at& o' alcohol ! *'l%&*c&$ 4y )&*$&#0

#ac&0 a*$ th& "#&!&*c& o' c&#ta * (&$ cat o*! * th& 4loo$, 2. Bloo$ alcohol co*c&*t#at o* 1BAC5 ! (&a!%#&$ 4y th& "&#c&*ta)& o' )#a(! o' alcohol * th& 4loo$ #&lat 2& to -// ( ll l t&#! o' 4loo$0 &9"#&!!&$ a! a "&#c&*ta)&, %he minimal criterion for dri&ing while into$icated (,CI in Canada and all 3.S. states is a 2.6 'ercent 4:C. .. Alcohol ! a CNS $&"#&!!a*t, Ac%t& alcohol c "o !o* *) ca* "#o$%c& $&ath 4y a !to""a)& o' 4#&ath *), Th& LD?/ BAC l&2&l 'o# alcohol ! a""#o9 (at&ly /,?/ "&#c&*t, Chronic effects on the brain and the rest of the body are described in Cha'ter 6. 8. :cute ;hysiological 8ffects 1. :lcohol is a 'eri'heral &asodilator+ creating a feeling of warmth and rednessG'but o&erall+ the body is losing heat. Hormonal effects on *idney function can 'roduce initial dehydration followed by swollen limbs. 2. Alcohol co*!%("t o* $%# *) "#&)*a*cy a*$ $ a4&t c "at &*t! ! *ot co*! $&#&$ !a'&, .. :lcohol can disturb normal 'atterns of slee'+ as well as 'roduce serious com'lications when combined with other drugs or medications. ?. Hango&ers+ usually commencing about four to twel&e hours after hea&y consum'tion of alcohol+ 'roduce headache+ nausea+ fatigue+ and thirst. Chile some ty'es of alcohol consum'tion ha&e a greater association with hango&er sym'toms+ the mechanisms behind the effect remain unclear. 1. :cute 4eha&ioral 8ffects 1. :s a C5S de'ressant drug+ alcohol has maHor ad&erse effects on the beha&ior of the drin*er. %hese effects include slurred s'eech+ uncoordinated mo&ement+ drowsiness+ and sensorimotor difficulties. O*& !&# o%! 4&ha2 o# ! a* alcohol 4lac<o%t0 $%# *) +h ch th& $# *<&# ! %*a4l& to #&(&(4&# &2&*t! occ%## *) $%# *) th& "&# o$ o' *to9 cat o*0 &2&* tho%)h h& o# !h& +a! co*!c o%! at th& t (&, 2. D# 2 *) !< ll! a#& ! )* ' ca*tly ("a #&$ %*$&# alcohol *to9 cat o*, I*c#&a!&$ # !< o' a 2&h c%la# 'atal ty 4&) *! + th BAC l&2&l! a! lo+ a! /,7 "&#c&*t, Th&#&'o#&0 t ! >% t& "o!! 4l& 'o# acc $&*t! to occ%# +h&* th& $# 2&# ! !%4!ta*t ally 4&lo+ th& ( * (al BAC l&2&l! 'o# $# 2 *) +h l& *to9 cat&$ 1DBI5, %he 3nited States 'resently has one of the most lenient standards for dri&ing while into$icated among nations of the world. .. U*$o%4t&$ly0 alcohol co*!%("t o* *c#&a!&! th& "#o4a4 l ty o' a))#&!! 2&*&!! a*$ 2 ol&*t 4&ha2 o#, Th& $ ! *h 4 t o* th&o#y a*$ th& co)* t 2&:&9"&ctat o* th&o#y a#& t+o 2 &+"o *t! that ha2& 4&&* a$2a*c&$ to &9"la * th ! l *<a)&, ?. Th& &''&ct o' alcohol o* !&9%al $&! #& a*$ !&9%al "&#'o#(a*c& ! co("l&9, %he nature of this relationshi' is 'artly e$'lained by the 'harmacological ('hysiological effects of alcohol on the body and 'artly e$'lained by the e$'ectation of indi&iduals regarding what alcohol should do for them. %he research in this area is conducted using a balanced 'lacebo design. ". Lo*):t&#( &9c&!! 2& co*!%("t o* o' alcohol *c#&a!&! th& # !< o' h&a#t $ !&a!&0 &l&2at&$ 4loo$ "#&!!%#&0 a*$ !t#o<&0 +h l& l )ht to (o$&#at& co*!%("t o* a""&a#! to 4& "#ot&ct 2& + th #&)a#$ to ca#$ o2a!c%la# "#o4l&(!, I. Strategies for 7es'onsible ,rin*ing 1. R&!"o*! 4l& $# *< *) "att&#*! *cl%$& th& a2o $a*c& o' a$2&#!& &''&ct! * alcohol

co*!%("t o* a*$ th& a2o $a*c& o' 4&ha2 o#al ! t%at o*! 1!%ch a! $# 2 *)5 +h&#& alcohol co*!%("t o* "#o$%c&! ! )* ' ca*t ("a #(&*t!, 2. 7egardless of how it is consumed+ alcohol remains a drug with significant 'otential for de'endence. It is not difficult for continual alcohol consum'tion to result in 'roblems associated with drug de'endence.

VIDEO SUGGESTIONS A,3I: 3nlicensed to *illB (199" + ?9 min. 1ilms for the Humanities and Sciences+ ;. O. 4o$ 22".+ ;rinceton 5@ 26"?.)22".. :&ailable on JHS or ,J,. %his &ideo e$'lores the reasons why re'eat drun* dri&ing offenders are still on the roads+ endangering innocent li&es. It e$amines our 'resent)day Hudicial system and its failure to enforce habitual)offender laws. A,ri&ing drun*: Kicense to *illEL (199? + "2 min. 1ilms for the Humanities and Sciences+ ;. O. 4o$ 22".+ ;rinceton 5@ 26"?.)22".. :&ailable on JHS or ,J,. 4arbara Calters anchors and re'orts this in&estigation of how drun* dri&ers beat the system and *ee' dri&ing. %he &ideo e$amines the laws that are su''osed to *ee' drun* dri&ers off the road and how easy it is for some re'eat offenders to get a license in one state after ha&ing been con&icted in another. A,rin*ing res'onsiblyB (1996 + 29 min. 1ilms for the Humanities and Sciences+ ;. O. 4o$ 22".+ ;rinceton 5@ 26"?.)22".. :&ailable on JHS or ,J,. %his 'rogram is designed to 'romote a dee'er understanding of the drin*ing 'roblem in :merica+ 'articularly among students on college cam'uses. %he immediate and long)term beha&ioral and 'hysiological effects of alcohol consum'tion are discussed as well+ including blood alcohol concentration and alcohol absor'tion rates.

AComen and alcoholB (2226 + 22 min. 1ilms for the Humanities and Sciences+ ;. O. 4o$ 22".+ ;rinceton 5@ 26"?.)22".. :&ailable on JHS or ,J,. %his :4C 5ews 'rogram e$amines the 'roblem of binge drin*ing among young women and the s'ecial ris*s incurred. ADa*ing of a hango&erB (2222 + "1 min. 1ilms for the Humanities and Sciences+ ;. O. 4o$ 22".+ ;rinceton 5@ 26"?.)22".. :&ailable on JHS or ,J,. :n intriguing loo* at the 'hysical and 'sychological changes in se&en &olunteers+ ranging in age from twenty)one to thirty)four+ as they drin* with their friends in a bar. : 'olice sobriety test is demonstrated+ as is the worthlessness of Ahango&erB remedies.

ESSAC QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 8 6.1 ,escribe the differences between fermented be&erages and distilled s'irits. pp. 192193 %he difference between fermented drin*s and distilled s'irits is that a distilled be&erage is an alcoholic drin* that contains ethanol which is 'roduced by distillation method to increase the alcoholic content whereas fermented drin*s rely on yeast to metaboliMe sugars in order to 'roduce alcohol as the waste 'roduct. In most cases li(uor and s'irits are distilled and are highly flammable. 4eers and wines are both fermented. 6.2 ,iscuss the alcohol e(ui&alencies among ser&ings of wine+ beer+ 62)'roof li(uor+ or wine coolers. p. 199 6.. ,escribe the metabolic changes that occur as alcohol is 'assed through the li&er. p. 202 6.? ,iscuss two indi&idual factors that influence the rate or character of alcohol metabolism in the body. pp. 202204 6." Chat is the s'ecific deficit in dri&ing beha&ior that ma*es alcohol consum'tion so dangerousE Chat are the im'lications for enforcing regulations against drun* dri&ingE pp. 208210 6.6 Chether alcohol has an e$citatory or inhibitory effect on se$ual arousal de'ends u'on the dosage le&el+ the gender of the indi&idual 0 and whether one is measuring a 'sychological or 'hysiological effect. 8$'lain. pp. 211212 6.= ,iscuss four suggestions that 'romote the res'onsible drin*ing of alcoholic be&erages. pp. 213214

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 8 6.1 %he ma$imum alcohol content fermentation can 'roduce is 1"F16 'ercent. p. 193 Ans ! 6.2 ;roducing more than 1" 'ercent alcohol content can *ill yeast+ which results in sto''ing the fermentation 'rocess. p. 193 Ans ! 6.. ,istillation 'roduces a higher le&el of alcohol in a be&erage than fermentation. p. 193 Ans ! 6.? :ny 'roof is twice the 'ercentage of alcohol. p. 194 Ans ! 6." : 162)'roof be&erage contains 9" 'ercent alcohol. p. 194 Ans " 6.6 %he three basic forms of alcoholic be&erages are wine+ beer+ and gin. p. 194 Ans " 6.= 4eer was the earliest alcoholic be&erage in history. p. 194 Ans " 6.6 8arly forms of beer resemble bread. p. 194 Ans ! 6.9 %he first alcoholic be&erage in history was 'robably made from honey. p. 194 Ans ! 6.12 :(ua &itae was the original gin. p. 194 Ans " 6.11 In Kondon+ infant mortality rose between 1=.2 and 1=?9+ with only one of four ba'tiMed babies sur&i&ing to the age of fi&e. p. 194 Ans ! 6.12 %he original goal of the tem'erance mo&ement was a moderation in alcohol consum'tion. p. 19# Ans ! 6.1. %he tem'erance mo&ement has always been a term referring to the 'rohibition of alcohol. p. 19# Ans " 6.1? Doderation is to tem'erance as com'lete sto''age is to 'rohibition. p. 19# Ans ! 6.1" One 1.2" ounce shot of 62)'roof li(uor is e(ui&alent to about 2 beers. p. 19$ Ans " 6.16 4eer drin*ing is the most 'roblematic form of alcohol consum'tion in the 3nited States. p. 198 Ans ! 6.1= In the 3nited States+ wine consum'tion re'resents 6= 'ercent of o&erall alcoholic consum'tion. p. 198 Ans " 6.16 8ighty 'ercent of the alcohol consumed in the 3.S. each year is consumed by only thirty 'ercent of

:mericans who drin*. p. 198 Ans ! 6.19 Diss @ones dran* three alcoholic be&erages in a row. Diss @ones was binge drin*ing. p. 198 Ans " 6.22 4inge drin*ing is defined as consuming four or more alcoholic be&erages for both men and women. p. 198 Ans " 6.21 ;ea* alcohol consum'tion le&els are reached at the age of twenty)se&en. p. 198 Ans " 6.22 One in fi&e students re'ort that+ while into$icated+ they engaged in un'lanned se$ual acti&ity or engaged in un'rotected se$. p. 198 Ans ! 6.2. :mong underage drin*ers+ the a&erage age when drin*ing begins is si$teen. p. 200 Ans " 6.2? :lcohol is a &ery small molecule+ moderately soluble in fat and highly soluble in water. p. 201 Ans ! 6.2" Since alcohol is not soluble in fat+ it has a difficult time 'assing through the blood)brain barrier. p. 201 Ans " 6.26 :lcohol is fully digested before being absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. p. 201 Ans " 6.2= Hea&y alcohol drin*ing can 'roduce ulcers and worsen 'ree$isting ulcers. p. 201 Ans ! 6.26 Karge amounts of alcohol aid in the digestion of small meals. p. 201 Ans " 6.29 :s the amount of food in the stomach increases+ the time it ta*es to feel into$icated decreases. p. 201 Ans " 6..2 %he maHority of alcohol is e$creted through e$halation of air in the lungs. p. 202 Ans " 6..1 :''ro$imately 92 'ercent of the alcohol in the blood reaches the brain almost immediately. p. 202 Ans ! 6..2 Chen a 'regnant woman drin*s alcohol+ alcohol le&els of the fetus are higher than those of its mother. p. 202 Ans " 6... :cetic acid is a form of alcohol related to citrus fruits. p. 202 Ans " 6..? %he o$idation rates of alcohol in women are slower than that of men. p. 202 Ans ! 6.." :sians and 'eo'le of :sian descent ha&e a lower le&el of acetamino'hen in their li&er+ causing alcohol metabolism to be delayed. p. 203 Ans " 6..6 :lcohol is a central ner&ous system (C5S stimulant.

p. 204 Ans " 6..= :lcohol inhibits the acti&ity of I:4: in the brain. p. 204 Ans " 6..6 %he K,"2<8,"2 ratio for alcohol is a''ro$imately si$. p. 20# Ans ! 6..9 Cater retention in hands and feet is common when using alcohol e$ce't when alcohol is consumed in conHunction with salty foods. p. 20% Ans " 6.?2 :lcohol can *ee' a 'erson warm in freeMing weather. p. 20% Ans " 6.?1 :lcohol has a stimulatory effect on 7.8.D. slee'+ resulting in a ty'e of narcole'sy. p. 20% Ans " 6.?2 :lcohol increases the effects of antide'ressant medication. p. 20% Ans " 6.?. %hough using alcohol in conHunction with illicit drugs can be harmful+ using alcohol in conHunction with licit drugs is safe. p. 20% Ans " 6.?? : low congener le&el in an alcoholic be&erage will tend to 'roduce fewer hango&ers. p. 20$ Ans ! 6.?" Consuming more alcohol during a hango&er can hel' alle&iate hango&er sym'toms. p. 20$ Ans ! 6.?6 It is 'ossible for accidents to occur e&en if a 'erson has a 4:C that is significantly lower than the minimum standard for legal into$ication. p. 208 Ans ! 6.?= 7eaction time is significantly increased after the ingestion of alcohol. p. 208 Ans ! 6.?6 : technology *nown as ignition interloc* 're&ents a car from starting when acti&ated by the detection of a minimum 4:C le&el in the breath of the dri&er. p. 210 Ans ! 6.?9 ,isinhibition theory states that &iolence is 'roduced because the brain is no longer being inhibited by the medulla and 'ons. p. 210 Ans " 6."2 In a balanced 'lacebo design+ the subHect is informed of the actual contents of the drug being administered but the e$'erimenter is not. p. 210 Ans " 6."1 ;eo'le may act and feel drun* when they are told they are drin*ing an alcoholic be&erage e&en though it has no alcohol content. p. 211 Ans ! 6."2 :lcohol has a'hrodisiac effects. p. 211 Ans "

6.". %he effect of alcohol on se$ual arousal is different for men than for women. p. 211 Ans ! 6."? Den who are drun* ha&e less se$ual desire and decreased ca'acity to 'erform se$ually. p. 212 Ans ! 6."" In recent animal studies+ a natural substance in red wine *nown as res&eratrol has been identified as a 'ossible factor in e$'laining the health benefits of drin*ing red wine. p. 213 Ans ! 6."6 Human inta*e of res&eratrol at a com'arable dosage that was gi&en to mice would ha&e a significant 'otential for to$icity. p. 213 Ans ! 6."= Doderate alcohol consum'tion can lower the ris* of rheumatoid arthritis by u' to "2 'ercent. p. 213 Ans ! 6."6 Doderate drin*ing (no more than one drin* a day for women and two drin*s a day for men reduces the ris* of dementia. p. 213 Ans ! 6."9 ,rin*ing e&en one drin* 'er day slightly increases a womanNs ris* of breast cancer. p. 213 Ans ! 6.62 One guideline for res'onsible drin*ing is ne&er to drin* alone. p. 214 Ans !

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 8 1- D &a!y0 7 D (&$ %(0 8 D $ '' c%lt5 6.1 :nalogy: 5I::: is to 5I,: as OOOOOOOOOO. :. drug abuse is to alcoholism 4. alcoholism is to alcohol abuse C. alcoholism is to drug abuse ,. alcohol)sensiti&e rece'tors are to do'amine)sensiti&e rece'tors 3 p. 192 Ans & 6.2 One of the 'roblems in considering alcohol abuse is the fre(uently held idea that OOOOOOOOOO. :. alcohol is really not a drug 4. alcohol abuse is not as bad as drug abuse C. alcohol abuse is not the same as drug abuse ,. all of the abo&e 1 p. 192 Ans ' 6.. OOOOOOOOO is the 'rocess of creating alcohol. :. 1ermentation 4. ;ermutation C. Condensation ,. 8$traction 1 p. 192 Ans A 6.? 1ermentation ty'ically 'roduces OOOOOOOOOO. :. sugar 4. carbon dio$ide C. ethyl alcohol ,. both b and c 2 p. 192 Ans ' 6." Chat is necessary for a substance to undergo fermentationE :. an alcoholic content 4. a sugar content C. a grain of some ty'e ,. a carbon dio$ide content 2 p. 192 Ans ( 6.6 1ermentation is 'roduced by the action of OOOOOO on OOOOOO. :. yeastP sugar 4. carbon dio$ideP carbon mono$ide C. sugarP alcohol ,. yeastP starch 3 p. 192 Ans A 6.= ,uring fermentation+ as yeast cells consume sugar molecules+ OOOOOOO are left as waste. :. o$ygen and alcohol 4. carbon mono$ide and alcohol C. carbon dio$ide and alcohol ,. nitrogen and alcohol 2 p. 192 Ans & 6.6 ,uring fermentation+ OOOOOO cells consume the sugar content of organic material. :. yeast 4. starch C. carbon dio$ide

,. alcohol 2 p. 192 Ans A 6.9 In considering issues related to alcoholic be&erages+ the term alcohol s'ecifically refers to OOOOOOOOOO. :. iso'ro'yl alcohol 4. ethyl alcohol C. methyl alcohol ,. none of the abo&e 2 p. 192 Ans ( 6.12 :s a result of fermentation+ for e&ery one sugar molecule+ OOOO molecule(s of alcohol and OOOOO molecule(s of carbon dio$ide is(are left behind. :. oneP two 4. twoP two C. oneP one ,. tenP fi&e 1 p. 192 Ans ( 6.11 4asic fermentation achie&es an alcohol content of OOOOOOOOO 'ercent. :. between " and 12 4. between 12 and 16 C. between 16 and 22 ,. between "2 and 62 2 p. 192 Ans ( 6.12 :nalogy: 1ermentation is to standard gra'e wine as brewing is to OOOOOOOOOO. :. coffee 4. beer C. &od*a ,. rum 1 p. 192 Ans ( 6.1. 4arley malt and mash are 'roducts that are in&ol&ed in OOOOOOOOOO. :. the fermentation 'rocess 4. the ma*ing of malt &arieties of beer C. the distillation of alcohol ,. the ma*ing of beer 2 p. 193 Ans ' 6.1? %he characteristic fla&oring and aroma of beer are a result of adding OOOOOOOOOO. :. ho's 4. barley malt C. mash ,. fermented alcohol 2 p. 193 Ans A 6.1" 1ermentation results in a ma$imum alcohol content of OOOOOO. :. 6 'ercent 4. 12 'ercent C. 1" 'ercent ,. 22 'ercent 2 p. 193 Ans & 6.16 :lcohol ha&ing a lower boiling tem'erature than water is im'ortant to the 'rocess of OOOOOOOOOO. :. fermentation 4. brewing

C. distillation ,. e$tracting the starch from grain 'roducts 3 p. 193 Ans & 6.1= Sa*e is a wine)li*e &ariation based u'on the fermentation of OOOOOOOOOO. :. corn 4. rice C. a mi$ture of se&eral grains ,. Huni'er berries 1 p. 193 Ans ( 6.16 Cham'agne is bubbly because OOOOOOOOOO. :. carbon dio$ide is 'um'ed into the bottle 4. the wine is bottled before the yeast is gone C. brandy is added ,. the wine goes through a further distillation 'rocess following fermentation 3 p. 193 Ans ( 6.19 ,istilled s'irits is another name for OOOOOOOOOO. :. beer with alcohol content abo&e ? 'ercent 4. a fortified wine C. li(uor of any ty'e ,. li(uor with an alcohol content a''ro$imating 9" 'ercent 1 p. 194 Ans & 6.22 :nalogy: 1ermentation is to 1"F16 'ercent alcohol content as distillation is to OOOOO alcohol content. :. 1"F16 'ercnet 4. 2" 'ercent C. "2 'ercent ,. =" 'ercent 3 p. 194 Ans & 6.21 ,istillation can achie&e an alcohol content as high as OOOOOOOOOO. :. 1"F16 'ercent 4. ?2F62 'ercent C. 9" 'ercent ,. no s'ecific limit 2 p. 194 Ans & 6.22 %he 'roof of a distilled s'irit be&erage is OOOOOOOOOO. :. twice the alcohol content 'ercentage 4. one)half the alcohol content 'ercentage C. another name for the alcohol content ,. calculated by a subtracting 12 'ercent from the alcohol content 2 p. 194 Ans A 6.2. If the alcohol content of a be&erage is 62 'ercent+ then the designated 'roof is OOOOOOOOOO. :. 62 'roof 4. .2 'roof C. 122 'roof ,. 62)92 'roof 1 p. 194 Ans & 6.2? :n alcohol be&erage is 122 'roof. %his means it contains OOOOO alcohol. :. 22 'ercent 4. .2 'ercent

C. 62 'ercent ,. 122 'ercent 1 p. 194 Ans & 6.2" Chich of the following is a basic form of alcoholic be&erageE :. wine 4. beer C. distilled s'irits ,. all of the abo&e 1 p. 194 Ans ' 6.26 %he original alcoholic be&erage (from a''ro$imately 6222 4.C. was OOOOOOOOOO. :. wine 4. mead C. cham'agne ,. beer 2 p. 194 Ans ( 6.2= Dead is a fermented be&erage made from OOOOOOOOOO. :. corn 4. rye and barley C. gra'es ,. honey 2 p. 194 Ans ' 6.26 Of all the alcoholic be&erages+ the earliest *nown e$am'le is OOOOOOOOOO. :. 8gy'tian beer 4. wine C. mead ,. a(ua &itae (the Awater of lifeB 2 p. 194 Ans & 6.29 :(ua &itae is the name gi&en to the first recorded OOOOOOOOOO. :. brandy 4. beer 'roduct C. fermented gra'e 'roduct ,. nutritional form of malt ale 2 p. 194 Ans A 6..2 OOOOOO was the 'rimary distilled li(uor in 8uro'e until the middle of the se&enteenth century. :. 4randy 4. Iin C. 4eer ,. Jod*a 1 p. 194 Ans A 6..1 %a*ing distilled s'irits and adding Huni'er berries for fla&oring turns the be&erage into OOOOOOOOOO. :. gin 4. &od*a C. brandy ,. mead 2 p. 194 Ans A 6..2 :nalogy: 4eer is to distilled s'irits as OOOOOOOOOO. :. ale is to brandy 4. gin is to &od*a C. modern)day beer is to ancient 8gy'tian beer

,. 5I::: is to 5I,: 3 p. 194 Ans A 6... Iin drin*ing created es'ecially ad&erse social conse(uences in eighteenth)century OOOOOOOOOO. :. :msterdam and 4russels 4. 7ome and 1lorence C. 5ew /or* and ;hiladel'hia ,. Kondon and other 8nglish cities 2 p. 194 Ans ' 6..? %he gin e'idemic in the eighteenth century has been com'ared by sociologists to the introduction of OOOOOOOO in the twentieth century. :. tobacco 4. crac* cocaine C. hallucinogens ,. mariHuana 2 p. 19# Ans ( 6.." In the 3.S in 16.2+ the a&erage 'er ca'ita inta*e was an immoderate OOOO drin*s 'er day. :. two 4. three C. fi&e ,. si$ 2 p. 19# Ans & 6..6 %a&erns in the 3nited States during the nineteenth century OOOOOOOOOO. :. were often used as churches 4. ser&ed as election &oting 'laces C. were re&ered by all le&els of society ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 19# Ans ( 6..= In nineteenth)century 5ew 8ngland+ the fa&orite distilled)s'irit be&erage was OOOOOOOOOO. :. rum 4. whis*ey C. &od*a ,. brandy 1 p. 19# Ans A 6..6 :nalogy: 7um was to whis*ey as OOOOOOOOOO. :. %ennessee was to Dassachusetts 4. 5ew /or* was to 5ew @ersey C. ;hiladel'hia was to Kondon ,. 4oston was to Jirginia 3 p. 19# Ans ' 6..9 %he tem'erance mo&ement originally concentrated on the OOOOOOOOOO. :. 'rohibition of wine and beer 4. moderation of alcohol consum'tion C. tem'ered)steel industry in the 3.S. ,. 'rohibition of distilled s'irits+ but not of beer or wine 2 p. 19# Ans ( 6.?2 %he goal of the tem'erance mo&ement was OOOOOOOOOO. :. 'rohibiting all forms of alcohol in the 3nited States 4. lowering the amount of alcohol)related fatalities by =" 'ercent C. the moderation of alcohol consum'tion

,. to create a system for testing blood alcohol le&els 1 p. 19# Ans & 6.?1 %he anti)alcohol mo&ement in the 3nited States e&entually mo&ed from a 'hiloso'hy of OOOOOOOOOO. :. 'rohibition to tem'erance 4. decriminaliMation to legaliMation C. liberalism to conser&atism ,. tem'erance to 'rohibition 2 p. 19% Ans ' 6.?2 %he 'ea* in alcohol consum'tion in the 3nited States was reached in about OOOOOOOOOO. :. 19?2 4. 16.2 C. 192= ,. 1919 3 p. 19% Ans ( 6.?. : decline in alcohol consum'tion in the 3nited States coincided with the OOOOOOOOOO. :. traumas of the Ci&il Car 4. growing influence of the tem'erance mo&ement C. the beginning of the twentieth century ,. the ad&ent of Corld Car II 2 p. 19% Ans ( 6.?? :mericans s'endOOOOO on the 'urchase of alcoholic be&erages 'er year. :. Q1.?2 million 4. Q29" million C. Q"." billion ,. Q1?2 billion 3 p. 19$ Ans ' 6.?" :mericans drin* on a 'er ca'ita basis a''ro$imately OOOOO gallons of 'ure alcohol in a year. :. 1.. 4. 1.= C. 2.. ,. ?.. 3 p. 19$ Ans & 6.?6 :merican 'er ca'ita consum'tion of 'ure alcohol amounts to a''ro$imately OOOOO 'er day. :. two ounces 4. three)fourths of an ounce C. four ounces ,. one)tenth of an ounce 3 p. 19$ Ans ( 6.?= Chich of the following is a Astandard drin*BE :. an 6)ounce glass of wine 4. a 22)ounce bottle of beer C. a 1.")ounce shot of 62 'roof li(uor ,. all of the abo&e 1 p. 19$ Ans & 6.?6 Currently+ :merican 'er ca'ita consum'tion of alcohol is a''ro$imately OOOO 'ortions of a AstandardB alcoholic be&erage each day. :. 1 to 1." 4. 2."

C. . ,. .." to ? 3 p. 19$ Ans A 6.?9 :bout .2 'ercent of :mericans who drin* alcohol are consuming about OOO 'ercent of the total consumed each year. :. .2 4. "2 C. 62 ,. 96 2 p. 198 Ans & 6."2 :''ro$imately OOO 'ercent of the drin*ing 'o'ulation in the 3nited States consume roughly 62 'ercent of the total alcohol consumed each year. :. 12 4. .2 C. "2 ,. 62 3 p. 198 Ans ( 6."1 :ccording to the te$t+ OOOOOO is the most 'roblematic form of alcohol consum'tion in the 3nited States. :. &od*a 4. wine C. beer ,. te(uila 2 p. 198 Ans & 6."2 ;ea* alcohol consum'tion among college students occurs around the age of OOOOOOOOOO. :. thirty 4. twenty)one or twenty)two C. eighteen ,. eighteen or nineteen 2 p. 198 Ans ( 6.". 4inge drin*ing for men is generally defined as OOOOOOOOOO. :. two drin*s in two minutes 4. a consum'tion of beer combined with li(uor C. ten or more drin*s in a row ,. fi&e or more drin*s in a row 1 p. 198 Ans ' 6."? : man would generally be defined as ha&ing engaged in binge drin*ing if OOOOOOOOOO. :. fi&e drin*s had been consumed in a row 4. si$ drin*s had been consumed in a row C. ten drin*s had been consumed in a row ,. three drin*s had been consumed in a row 1 p. 198 Ans A 6."" Chich of the following is an e$am'le of binge drin*ingE :. Dr. @ones drin*ing four beers in a row 4. Drs. @ones drin*ing four beers in a row C. Drs. :nderson drin*ing 2 beers at 1 '. m. and . beers at 6 '. m. ,. Dr. :nderson drin*ing ? beers at 1 '. m. and ? beers at 6 '. m 2 p. 198 Ans ( 6."6 Chich of the following is an alcohol)related 'roblem that college students e$'erienceE

:. arguing with friends 4. failure to 'ractice safe se$ C. missing a class ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 22# Ans ' 6."= Chich of the following be&erages contains the most alcoholE :. 1 ")ounce glass of wine 4. 1 12)ounce bottle or can of beer C. 1 1.")ounce shot of 62)'roof li(uor ,. 2 12)ounce bottles of wine cooler 1 p. 199 Ans ' 6."6 Second)hand drin*ing refers to OOOOOOOOOO. :. alcohol)related 'roblems e$'erienced by a non)drin*er 4. ta*ing two drin*s+ one in each hand C. sharing a drin* with a friend ,. associated 'roblems from binge drin*ing 1 p. 200 Ans A 6."9 :nalogy: Second)hand smo*ing is to second)hand drin*ing as OOOOOOOOOO. :. drin*ing is to smo*ing 4. not smo*ing is to not drin*ing C. smo*ing is to not smo*ing ,. not drin*ing is to drin*ing 3 p. 200 Ans ( 6.62 :mong underage drin*ers+ the a&erage age when drin*ing begins is OOOOOOOOOO. :. twel&e 4. fourteen C. fifteen ,. eighteen 2 p. 200 Ans ( 6.61 :lcohol is OOOOOOOOOO. :. highly soluble in water 4. moderately soluble in fat C. a &ery small molecule ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 201 Ans ' 6.62 %he molecule of alcohol can be considered OOOOOOOOOO. :. rather large 4. insoluble in fat C. moderately soluble in fat ,. relati&ely hard to absorb in the gastrointestinal tract 3 p. 201 Ans & 6.6. Dost of the alcohol consumed is absorbed by OOOOOOOOOO. :. the stomach 4. the small intestine C. the li&er ,. the large intestine 2 p. 201 Ans ( 6.6? In the stomach+ alcohol increases the flow of OOOOOOOOOO. :. hydrochloric acid

4. alcohol dehydrogenase C. serotonin ,. acetic acid 2 p. 201 Ans A 6.6" Small amounts of alcohol OOOOOOOOOO. :. decrease the flow of hydrochloric acid and 'e'sin 4. can hel' digest a meal C. always irritate the stomach lining ,. both : and C 2 p. 201 Ans ( 6.66 Chronic alcohol consum'tion can result in OOOOOOOOOO. :. ulcers 4. inflammation of the 'ancreas C. inflammation of the stomach ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 201 Ans ' 6.6= :s the amount of food in the stomach OOOOOO the time it ta*es to feel into$icatedOOOOOO. :. increasesP decreases 4. increasesP increases C. decreasesP decreases ,. %here is no relationshi' between the amount of food in the stomach and the time it ta*es to feel into$icated. 2 p. 201 Ans ( 6.66 4ecoming into$icated more easily on an em'ty stomach than on a full stomach is due to OOOOOOOOOO. :. the release of hydrochloric acid in the small intestine 4. the stimulation of acetic acid C. irritating effect on the stomach wall ,. the s'eed with which alcohol 'asses into the small intestine 1 p. 201 Ans ' 6.69 :ll other factors being e(ual+ which ty'e of li(uor will show into$icating effects the fastestE :. ?2 'roof 4. 62 'roof C. 92 'roof ,. 1.2 'roof 1 p. 201 Ans ' 6.=2 :s the concentration of alcohol increases+ OOOOOOOOOO. :. the effect of the alcohol will be felt more slowly+ but ultimately more 'owerfully 4. the effect of the alcohol will be felt more (uic*ly and 'owerfully C. the less li*ely alcohol will be water soluble ,. the more li*ely alcohol will be water soluble 1 p. 201 Ans ( 6.=1 %he into$icating effects of a carbonated alcoholic be&erage will be felt relati&ely (uic*ly because OOOOOOOOOO. :. the stomach will slow down its em'tying of its contents into the small intestine 4. the stomach will s'eed u' its em'tying of its contents into the small intestine C. the effects of alcohol dehydrogenase will increase ,. the effects of alcohol dehydrogenase will decrease 2 p. 201 Ans (

6.=2 : larger 'erson re(uires more alcohol to attain the same 4:C le&els because OOOOOOOOOO. :. there is a greater o''ortunity to urinate 4. there are more bodily fluids to absorb the alcohol C. there is a larger li&er to metaboliMe the alcohol ,. a bigger 'erson tends to drin* more in the first 'lace 2 p. 201 Ans ( 6.=. 4reathalyMers wor* on the 'rinci'le that some of the alcohol OOOOOOOOOO. :. is being e$creted through the urine 4. is water soluble C. is being e$creted from the lungs ,. that is breathed out is flammable 1 p. 202 Ans & 6.=? %he chief way for alcohol to be e$creted is through OOOOOOOOOO. :. the urine 4. the e$halation of air from the lungs C. the combination with digested food ,. the blood)brain barrier 2 p. 202 Ans A 6.=" :bout OOOO 'ercent of alcohol is e$creted in the urine. :. 12 4. 2" C. 62 ,. 9" 2 p. 202 Ans ' 6.=6 :lcohol is e$creted in the urine after being biodegraded (bro*en down into OOOOOOOOOO. :. uric acid and 'roteins 4. carbon dio$ide and carbon mono$ide C. carbon dio$ide and water ,. acetic acid and water 2 p. 202 Ans & 6.== OOOOOO 'ercent of alcohol in the blood reaches the brain immediately. :. %wenty)fi&e 4. Si$ty)eight C. Se&enty)nine ,. 5inety 2 p. 202 Ans ' 6.=6 %he ability for alcohol to 'ass through the blood)brain barrier easily is due to OOOOOOOOOO. :. its water solubility 4. its fat solubility C. its tendency to be e$creted in the urine ,. its tendency to be metaboliMed in the li&er 2 p. 202 Ans ( 6.=9 8asy 'assage through the blood)brain barrier im'lies OOOOOOOOOO. :. easy 'assage through the blood)'lacental barrier 4. difficulty in 'assing through the blood)'lacental barrier C. nothing about the e$tent to which it 'asses through the blood)'lacental barrier ,. first easy 'assage and then difficulty in 'assing through the blood)'lacental barrier 2 p. 202 Ans A 6.62 Chen a 'regnant woman drin*s alcoholic be&erages+ the fetal alcohol le&els OOOOOOOOOO.

:. are lower than those of the mother 4. are higher than those of the mother C. are the same as those of the mother ,. Since alcohol does not 'ass through the 'lacenta+ the fetus does not ha&e an alcohol le&el. 2 p. 202 Ans & 6.61 Some of the alcohol is biodegraded before it is absorbed into the blood by the action of enMymes in the OOOOOOOOOO. :. li&er 4. stomach C. small intestines ,. bladder 2 p. 202 Ans ( 6.62 :lcohol re(uires OOOOOOOOOO. :. a s'ecial enMyme in order for it to be digested 4. a relati&ely long time to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract C. s'ecial enMymes in the li&er in order to be metaboliMed ,. none of the abo&e 2 p. 202 Ans & 6.6. If alcohol is entering the body ra'idly+ OOOOOOOOOO. :. the li&er is unable to *ee' u' 4. absor'tion through the small intestine goes down C. more carbon dio$ide will be ingested ,. absor'tion in the stomach will shut down 2 p. 202 Ans A 6.6? O$idation by alcohol dehydrogenase occurs OOOOOO o$idation by aldehyde dehydrogenase. :. before 4. after C. at the same time as ,. sometimes before+ sometimes after (de'ending u'on the le&el of alcohol 3 p. 202 Ans A 6.6" :lcohol dehydrogenase brea*s alcohol down into OOOOOOOOOO. :. acetic acid 4. o$ygen and carbon dio$ide C. carbon dio$ide and water ,. acetaldehyde 3 p. 202 Ans ' 6.66 %he greater 'ro'ortion of o$idation occurs in the OOOOOOOOOO. :. stomach 4. small intestine C. li&er ,. 'ancreas 2 p. 202 Ans & 6.6= :nalogy: :lcohol dehydrogenase is to acetaldehyde as OOOOOOOOOO. :. aldehyde dehydrogenase is to acetic acid 4. the li&er is to the stomach C. o$ygen is to carbon dio$ide ,. later is to earlier 3 p. 202 Ans A 6.66 :lcohol brea*down is determined by the s'eed with which OOOOOOOOOO does its wor*.

:. the stomach 4. the small intestine C. acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ,. alcohol dehydrogenase 2 p. 202 Ans ' 6.69 :cetic acid is a 'roduct of o$idation by which enMymeE :. alcohol dehydrogenase 4. do'amine dehydrogenase C. acetaldehyde ,. acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 p. 202 Ans ' 6.92 %he hourly rate of the alcohol brea*down is OOOOOOOOOO. :. 12 milligrams of alcohol 'er *ilogram of body weight 4. 122 milligrams of alcohol 'er *ilogram of body weight C. &ariable and difficult to calculate in general ,. basically un*nown 2 p. 202 Ans ( 6.91 If you consumed a one)third to one)half ounce of 'ure alcohol steadily 'er hour+ OOOOOOOOOO. :. you would 'ass out after the fourth hour 4. you would feel into$icated by the third hour C. you would not feel into$icated ,. you would be into$icated by the si$th hour 2 p. 202 Ans & 6.92 Consum'tion of alcohol tends to encourage OOOOOOOOOO. :. greater fat storage 4. greater 'rotein e$cretion C. faster o$idation acetic acid ,. abstinence from other drugs 1 p. 202 Ans A 6.9. 4lood)alcohol concentration allows for &ariations in OOOOOOOOOO. :. the body weight of the drin*er 4. ty'e of alcohol being ingested C. the condition of the li&er ,. racial or ethnic ty'e 2 p. 203 Ans A 6.9? : factor in calculating the blood)alcohol concentration is not only the alcohol content but also the OOOOOOOOOO. :. body weight of the drin*er and the time ela'sed since the last drin* 4. body weight of the drin*er C. time ela'sed since the last drin* only ,. racial or ethnic category of the drin*er 2 p. 203 Ans A 6.9" 4:C stands for OOOOOOOOOO. :. be alcohol conscious 4. blood)alcohol concentration C. body)assay control ,. blood)acetic co)o$idation 1 p. 203 Ans ( 6.96 Comen tend to become more into$icated than men because OOOOOOOOOO.

:. they ha&e 62 'ercent more alcohol dehydrogenase 4. they ha&e 62 'ercent less alcohol dehydrogenase C. their body weight is always less ,. they drin* alcohol at a faster rate 2 p. 203 Ans ( 6.9= :bout half of all :sians and 'eo'le of :sian descent ha&e a greater le&el of accumulated acetaldehyde because they ha&e OOOOOOOOOO. :. less alcohol dehydrogenase 4. more acetic acid C. less acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ,. a smaller li&er 2 p. 203 Ans & 6.96 %he accumulation of acetaldehyde 'roduces OOOOOOOOOO. :. into$ication and eu'horia 4. facial flushing and nausea C. a feeling of flying through the air ,. feelings of intense de'ression 2 p. 203 Ans ( 6.99 Iastric ulcer medications ha&e a tendency to OOOOOOOOOO. :. increase the rate of alcohol metabolism 4. decrease the rate of alcohol metabolism C. decrease the into$icating effects of alcohol ,. increase the tendency toward fast)flushing 3 p. 203 Ans ( 6.122 %he blood)alcohol concentration of OOOOO defines being legally drun* in the 3.S. states and Canada. :. 2.2" 'ercent 4. 2.26 'ercent C. 2.26 'ercent ,. 2.12 'ercent 2 p. 203 Ans & 6.121 %he 'rimary effect of alcohol on the brain is OOOOOOOOOO. :. stimulation 4. dissociation C. de'ression ,. acti&ation 1 p. 204 Ans & 6.122 Ce thin* we are being stimulated when into$icated with alcohol because OOOOOOOOOO. :. the cerebral corte$ is being stimulated 4. the cerebral corte$ is being inhibited C. the res'iratory centers in the medulla are being stimulated ,. heart rate is slowing down 2 p. 204 Ans ( 6.12. :cute alcoholic 'oisoning becomes lethal through OOOOOOOOOO. :. e'ile'tic seiMures 4. e$treme dehydration C. cardiac arrest ,. as'hy$iation 2 p. 204 Ans '

6.12? : *ey factor in understanding the effect of alcohol in the brain is which rece'torE :. I:4: rece'tor 4. do'amine rece'tor C. %HC)sensiti&e rece'tor ,. serotonin rece'tor 2 p. 204 Ans A 6.12" %he cra&ing for alcohol during 'sychological de'endence is related to the action of OOOOOOOOOO. :. do'amine in the nucleus accumbens 4. do'amine in the cerebral corte$ C. serotonin in the reticular formation ,. acetylcholine in the s'inal cord 3 p. 204 Ans A 6.126 %he a&erage K,"2 blood)alcohol concentration le&el is OOOOOOOOOO. :. 2.1" 'ercent 4. 2.2" 'ercent C. 2."2 'ercent ,. 2.=" 'ercent 3 p. 20# Ans & 6.12= %he K,"2<8,"2 ratio for alcohol is about :. four 4. si$ C. ten ,. fourteen 3 p. 20# Ans ( 6.126 %o$ic reactions to alcohol occur less often than they ordinarily would due to a tendency OOOOOOOOOO. :. toward nausea and &omiting 4. toward 'assing out C. both : and 4 ,. none of the abo&e 2 p. 20# Ans & 6.129 %he im'ression that alcohol warms the body comes from OOOOOOOOOO. :. its ability to be a 'eri'heral &asodilator 4. its ability to be a 'eri'heral &asoconstrictor C. its ability to 'roduce a 'ale s*in ,. 'ublic)relations agents for St. 4ernard dogs around the world 2 p. 20# Ans A 6.112 Since alcohol is a 'eri'heral dilator+ it OOOOOOOOOO. :. ma*es blood &essels near the s*in surface enlarge+ causing s*in to be red 4. warms the body in freeMing tem'erature C. causes nausea and &omiting ,. both : and 4 2 p. 20# Ans A 6.111 Chat should someone do in a situation in&ol&ing acute alcohol into$icationE :. gi&e the 'erson strong blac* coffee 4. ha&e the 'erson ta*e a cold shower C. ha&e the 'erson lie on his or her side with his or her head lower than the rest of the body ,. induce &omiting as soon as 'ossible 2 p. 20# Ans &

6.112 :ntidiuretic hormone is inhibited by alcohol+ leading to a tendency toward OOOOOOOOOO. :. nausea and &omiting 4. increased reabsor'tion of water in the *idneys C. more concentrated urine ,. greater amounts of urine e$creted 2 p. 20% Ans ' 6.11. Once 4:C le&els ha&e 'ea*ed after a 'eriod of intense drin*ing+ there tends to be OOOOOOOOOO. :. dehydration 4. antidiuresis C. increased defecation ,. reddened ears and reddened nose 2 p. 20% Ans ( 6.11? %he most ill)ad&ised suggestion to a marathoner is to celebrate after a race with a OOOOOOOOOO. :. double scotch 4. can of non)alcoholic beer C. Iatorade drin* ,. glass of water 1 p. 20% Ans A 6.11" One of the maHor effects of alcohol on slee' is OOOOOOOOOO. :. su''ression of tossing and turning 4. su''ression of 7.8.D. slee' C. su''ression of nightmares ,. su''ression of water reabsor'tion 2 p. 20% Ans ( 6.116 Chen alcohol is withdrawn after being ingested before bedtime for a series of nights+ there is a tendency to OOOOOOOOOO. :. e$'erience nightmares 4. e$'erience bedwetting C. e$'erience nocturnal hallucinations ,. e$'erience a strange feeling of eu'horia 2 p. 20% Ans A 6.11= One of the most dangerous 'hysiological as'ects of drin*ing alcohol is OOOOOOOOOO. :. the tendency toward 7.8.D. slee' su''ression 4. the tendency toward antidiuresis C. the tendency for alcohol to interact with other drugs being ta*en ,. the tendency for &asodilation in the s*in 2 p. 20% Ans & 6.116 ,ata from 2226 and 222= indicates that about OOO 'ercent of 'regnant women consume alcohol+ e$'osing fetuses to alcohol in utero. :. 6 4. 12 C. 22 ,. ". 2 p. 20% Ans ( 6.119 :fter a ten) to fifteen)minute counseling session in a wal*)in center+ women were OOO times more li*ely to ha&e abstained from drin*ing by the third trimester of 'regnancy+ relati&e to controls. :. three 4. fi&e C. eight ,. twel&e

3 p. 20% Ans ( 6.122 %he following drug(s ha&e wea*ened effects when combined with alcohol: OOOOOOOOOO. :. anticon&ulsants (antie'ile'tic medications 4. mariHuana C. de'ressant drugs of all ty'es ,. sedati&e)hy'notic drugs 3 p. 20% Ans A 6.121 : ty'ical hango&er occurs OOOOOOO after e$tensi&e consum'tion of alcohol. :. one)half hour 4. three hours C. four to twel&ehours ,. si$teen to twenty)four hours 1 p. 20% Ans & 6.122 : hango&er 'roduces sym'toms such as OOOOOO. :. headaches 4. fatigue C. thirst ,. all of the abo&e 1 p. 20$ Ans ' 6.12. One theory about the li*elihood of getting a hango&er after e$tensi&e drin*ing centers on the amount of OOOOO in the alcohol. :. acetic acid 4. congeners C. antidiuretic hormone ,. alcohol dehydrogenase 2 p. 20$ Ans ( 6.12? If a 'articular ty'e of distilled s'irit has a relati&ely high le&el of congeners in it+ then the following 'rediction holds regarding the li*elihood of getting a hango&er. :. It is unli*ely that a hango&er will occur. 4. It is li*ely that a hango&er will occur. C. It is im'ossible to 'redict the outcome. ,. Only moderate amounts of congeners will increase its li*elihood. 2 p. 20$ Ans ( 6.12" One reason for the headache associated with a hango&er may relate to OOOOOOOOOO. :. the feeling of irritation in the stomach 4. the feeling that the world has ended C. the feeling of intense urination ,. the feeling of swollenness 1 p. 20$ Ans ' 6.126 Chich of the following is an e$am'le of a blac*outE :. fainting from drin*ing too much alcohol 4. losing consciousness the day after being drun* C. failure to remember an e&ent that occurred while being drun* ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 208 Ans & 6.12= If you had an alcoholic blac*out+ OOOOOOOOOO. :. you would ha&e been unconscious at the time 4. you would ha&e been aware that you had forgotten information C. you would ha&e remembered e&ents during the 'eriod of into$ication+ but failed

to

'rocess them emotionally ,. you would ha&e failed to remember e&ents during the 'eriod of into$ication 2 p. 208 Ans ' 6.126 : blac*out is most li*ely to occur when the alcoholic drin*s are :. s'aced out o&er a 'eriod of time 4. drun* ra'idly C. drun* with a mi$ture of beers and distilled s'irits ,. drun* alone instead of with com'anions 2 p. 208 Ans ( 6.129 :ccording to the te$t+ a''ro$imately OO 'ercent of all traffic fatalities are alcohol)related. :. 1? 4. .2 C. 62 ,. 6? 3 p. 208 Ans ( 6.1.2 %he critical im'airment in dri&ing when into$icated by alcohol seems to be OOOOOOOOOO. :. a faster reaction time 4. an increased reaction time C. a tendency to wea&e in and out of lanes ,. a failure to notice things 2 p. 208 Ans ' 6.1.1 1ollowing the increase in the minimum age for drin*ing from eighteen to twenty)one in the 3nited States+ fatal nighttime accidents in the eighteen) and nineteen)year)old age grou's OOOOOOOOOO. :. stayed the same 4. increased C. decreased ,. first decreased then increased to former le&els 2 p. 209 Ans & 6.1.2 :ccording to the 5ational Highway %raffic Safety :dministration+ lowering the minimum 4:C le&el to .26 'ercent has sa&ed a''ro$imately OOOOOO li&es 'er year. :. 2"2 4. "22 C. 2+"22 ,. 12+222 2 p. 209 Ans ( 6.1.. Chich of the following is 5O% a 'ro'osal for change that D:,, has setE :. lowering the criterion for dri&ing to .22 'ercent 4:C in all states 4. raising the legal drin*ing age to twenty)fi&e years old C. mandatory drug testing for all traffic crashes in&ol&ing fatalities ,. sus'ending dri&ersN licenses of those who are underage and are con&icted of 'urchasing or 'ossession of alcoholic be&erages 2 p. 209 Ans ( 6.1.? :lcoholic im'airment of cortical mechanisms that inhibit our beha&ior is referred to as OOOOOOOOOO. :. the cogniti&e)e$'ectation theory 4. the cortical release theory C. the disinhibition theory ,. the 'harmacological 'arado$ theory 2 p. 210 Ans &

6.1." %he balanced 'lacebo design in drug research e$amines the relati&e influence of OOOOOOOOOO. :. a 'harmacological effect and an e$'ectation effect 4. an e$'ectations effect and gender C. a 'harmacological effect and the time of day ,. the time of day and gender 1 p. 210 Ans A 6.1.6 %he balanced 'lacebo design begins to be ineffecti&e at the following 4:C le&el: OOOOOOOOOO. :. 2.22" 'ercent 4. 2.2.? 'ercent C. 2.2." 'ercent ,. 2.2?1 'ercent 2 p. 211 Ans & 6.1.= 8$'ectancy effects of alcohol influence OOOOOOOOOO. :. emotional beha&iors 4. motor beha&iors C. cogniti&e beha&iors ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 211 Ans ' 6.1.6 Kow le&els of alcohol ma*e men feel se$y OOOOOOOOOO. :. because of a 'harmacological effect 4. because of an e$'ectation effect C. because of a combination of a and b ,. only when they are in mi$ed com'any 3 p. 212 Ans ( 6.1.9 Comen show decreased 'hysiological signs of se$ual arousal OOOOOOOOOO. :. as alcohol le&els rise+ regardless of their e$'ectations 4. as alcohol le&els rise+ es'ecially when they e$'ect to be se$ually aroused C. as alcohol le&els decline ,. as their e$'ectations toward se$ual arousal goes u' 3 p. 212 Ans A 6.1?2 Doderate consum'tion of alcohol can be beneficial by OOOOOOOOOO. :. increasing H,K cholesterol le&els 4. decreasing H,K cholesterol le&els C. increasing K,K cholesterol le&els ,. increasing K,K cholesterol and decreasing H,K cholesterol le&els 3 p. 212 Ans A 6.1?1 %he A1rench 'arado$B refers to the obser&ation that OOOOOOOOOO. :. the 1rench seldom get into$icated from alcohol 4. the 1rench do not e$hibit high rates of coronary heart disease C. the 1rench traditionally ha&e a &ery low)fat diet ,. the 1rench ha&e an unusually strong gastric reaction to alcohol 2 p. 212 Ans ( 6.1?2 :ccording to the te$t+ alcohol is Athe shar'est double)edged sword in medicineB because OOOOOOOOOO. :. moderate forms of alcohol are beneficial for men but not women 4. moderate forms of only certain ty'es of alcohol can be beneficial and most of the 'ublic do not *now which forms are beneficial and which are not C. moderate forms of alcohol only show medical benefits for older 'eo'le ,. moderate forms of alcohol can sa&e your life+ but immoderate amounts can destroy it 2 p. 212 Ans '

6.1?. ,rin*ing no more than two drin*s a day for men (one drin* a day for women lowers the ris* of :. coronary heart disease 4. stro*e C. dementia ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 213 Ans ' 6.1?? High (uantities of a natural substance in red wine *nown as res&eratrol caused mice to OOOOOOOOOO. :. e$'erience fatigue more (uic*ly than usual 4. to be less susce'tible to the ele&ations in glucose and insulin that normally result from eating a high)fat diet C. e$'erience e$treme li&er to$icity ,. none of the abo&e 2 p. 213 Ans ( 6.1?" Human inta*e of res&eratrol at com'arable dosages to mice would most li*ely cause humans OOOOOOOOOO. :. to e$'erience fatigue more (uic*ly than usual 4. to be more susce'tible to the ele&ations in glucose and insulin that normally result from eating a high)fat diet C. to e$'erience to$icity ,. all of the abo&e 2 p. 213 Ans & 6.1?6 ,rin*ing one drin* 'er day slightly increases a womanNs ris* of OOOOOOOOOO. :. o&arian cancer 4. breast cancer C. ty'e 2 diabetes ,. cer&ical cancer 2 p. 213 Ans ( 6.1?= One of the guidelines for res'onsible drin*ing is to OOOOOOOOOO. :. eat something salty to slow down alcohol metabolism 4. choose wine o&er beer+ since it will ma*e you feel less full C. drin* when you are u'tight+ since it will slow down alcohol metabolism ,. drin* with friends instead of alone 2 p. 214 Ans ' 6.1?6 :ccording to the guidelines for res'onsible drin*ing+ what should a 'erson eat before drin*ing alcoholE :. foods high in 'rotein 4. salty foods C. foods high in fat ,. foods high in sugar 2 p. 214 Ans A 6.1?9 4:CCH3S is an organiMation that concerns itself with issues related to OOOOOOOOOO. :. drun* dri&ing 4. alcohol consum'tion on college and uni&ersity cam'uses C. alcohol de'endence ,. underage drin*ing 3 p. 214 Ans (