Panchamrut Vastu Villa Fs-2

Panchamrut Vastu Villa Field Studies II
Karan Doshi (0607) Page no1 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Acknowledgments
During our semester training at construction site we have selected

residential bungalow scheme, PANCHAMRUT VASTUVILLA
which is composite structure.
We are very grateful to Developer

Panchamrut infrastructure
for allowing us to join and visit the site and provide us necessary
guidance whenever asked for.
We have got a lot of practical and theoretical knowledge from the

site. For this we are very thankful to our site engineer Mr. Pankaj
Patel and Mr. Ravi for giving us guidance whenever required.
We are also very thankful to our faculties

Mrs. Reshma Shah & Ms. Megha Vyas for their continuous
guidance during the semester and training sessions.
Thanking you,
Karan Doshi
Manthan Mevada

Contents:-
• Introduction to Site
• Detail of each bungalow
• Salient Features and Specifications
• Key Plan
• Layout Plan
• Job Layout Plan
• Status of site on First and Last visit
• List of Drawings
• Organisation Chart
• List of Material Rates
• List of Tools used
• List of Activities seen at the site
• List of Labour Rates
• Terminology used at the site
• Photographs

Introduction to Site:-
Project Name: Panchamrut Vastu Villa
Location: Panchamrut Vastu Villa,

Near Auda water tank,
Science City road,
Sola,
Ahmedabad.
Developer: Panchamrut Infrastucture

Phone no: 079 32924755
Architect: Kunal Shah
Structural Engineer: Pankaj Patel and associates.
Site Engineer: Mr Pankaj Patel

Mr Ravi
Type of Structure: Composite Structure
Type of project: Individual Bungalow
Date of Joining the Site: 22/12/2007
Date of leaving the site: 05/04/2008
Total Plot Area: 14215 Sq mt
Cost of Project:
Number of Bungalows: 42

Detail of each Bungalow

Bung No. Plot Area Built up Area
(Sq mt) (Sq mt)
1 469.7 435.8
2 443.3 435.8
3 469.7 350.0
4 386.2 345.5
5 368.7 345.5
6 368.7 345.5
7 368.7 345.5
8 368.7 345.5
9 368.7 345.5
10 368.7 345.5
11 368.7 345.5
12 368.7 345.5
13 368.7 345.5
14 415.9 345.5
15 437.3 366.8
16 353.0 336.5
17 358.4 336.5
18 393.0 336.5
19 358.8 328.2
20 306.2 333.4

21 306.2 333.4
Bung No Plot area Built up area

(Sq mt) (Sq mt)
22 340.3 309.3
23 340.3 309.3
24 352.4 333.4
25 400.6 322.0
26 297.5 322.0
27 297.5 322.0
28 297.5 322.0
29 381.9 345.0
30 360.0 345.0
31 368.7 345.0
32 368.7 345.0
33 368.7 345.0
34 368.7 345.0
35 368.7 345.0
36 368.7 345.0
37 478.4 345.0
38 360.0 328.2
39 343.6 328.2
40 343.6 328.2
41 343.6 328.2
42 373.0 328.2
Salient Features:-
• 24 hrs water supply from bore well.
• Every bungalow has 12 k.v.a. supply of electricity for 24 hrs
by three phase line from Torrent (AEC).
• High speed Internet connectivity.
• RCC internal roads with street lights.
• Two common plots of 1560 sq mt area with garden.
• Well equipped Children’s play area.
• Club house is well equipped with library, gym and indoor
games like chess, table tennis and card room.
• Decorative society main entrance with security cabin.
Specification:-
• Flooring: Mirror polish vitrified tiles in drawing and
dining room. Porcelino tiles in bed room and other rooms.
• Doors and Windows: Decorative and polished main door.

Remaining doors are laminated flush with wooden frames
and brass fittings. Windows with wooden frames and 4mm
float glass provided with safety bars.
• Wall finish: Internal walls: Single coat mala plaster with

smooth finish of two coat of J.K. putty.
External walls: Double coat sand face plaster with
premium quality acrylic or apex paint.
• Kitchen: Granite sandwich platform with S.S.Sink. Glaze

tiles dado up to lintel lvl.

• Electrification: ISI standard concealed copper wiring and

modular switches with sufficient electric points in all
rooms.
• Toilets: Glazed tiles dado up to lintel lvl. Flooring of
ceramics tiles. Concealed plumbing C.P. fittings(Jaguar).
Gas geyser connection by cpvc pipeline.

Key plan:-

Status of Site on the First visit:

Bung No. Status Bung No. Status
1 1st floor lintel 22 Not started
2 1st floor lintel 23 Not started
3 Not started 24 Not started
4 1st floor slab 25 Foundation
5 1st floor lintel 26 Foundation
6 1st floor slab 27 Foundation
8 G. floor slab 29 Plinth lvl
11 1st floor lintel 32 Plinth lvl
12 1st floor lintel 33 1st floor lintel
13 1st floor lintel 34 1st floor lintel
14 Not started 35 1st floor lintel
15 Plinth lvl 36 1st floor lintel
17 Not started 38 Not started
18 Not started 39 Plinth lvl
19 G. floor lintel 40 Foundation
20 G.F lintel 41 Not started

21 Not started 42 Plinth lvl
Status of site on the last visit:

Bung No. Status Bung No. Status
1 1st floor lintel 22 Plinth level
2 1st floor lintel 23 Plinth level
3 Not started 24 Plinth level
4 Plastering 25 Plinth level
5 Parapet 26 Plinth level
6 Parapet 27 Plinth level
7 2nd floor slab 28 Plinth level
8 2nd floor slab 29 Plinth level
9 2nd floor lintel 30 2nd floor slab
10 2nd floor lintel 31 Foundation
11 2nd floor lintel 32 Plinth level
14 1st floor lintel 35 Parapet
15 1st floor lintel 36 Parapet
16 Not started 37 Parapet
19 1st floor slab 40 1st floor lintel
20 G. floor slab 41 Not started

21 Plinth level 42 Plinth level

List of Drawing available at site:
Architectural Drawings:
• Ground floor plan
• First floor plan
• Second floor plan
• North Elevation
• Cross Section
Structural Drawings:
• Foundation Plan
• Plinth details
• Ground floor lintel details
• Ground floor slab details
• First floor column details
• First floor lintel details
• First floor slab details
• Second floor column details
• Second floor lintel details
• Second floor slab details
• Staircase details


ORGANISATION CHART
PANCHAMRUT VASTUVILLA
Developer/Builder:-
Panchamrut infrastructure
Site Engineer:- Architect:- Accountant:- Structural Designer:-

Mr. Pankaj Patel Mr. Kunal Shah Mr. Dinesh bhai Mr. Pankaj Patel
Department Labour:-
Mr.Shankarbhai
(Watchman)
Concreting Contractor:-
Mr. Nitin Bhai
Brick Masonry Contractor:-

Mr. Nitin Bhai
Flooring Contractor:-
Mr. Shravan Bhai
Centering:-
Mr. Kanu Bhai
Painting Contractor:-
Mr. Rajbir Bhai
Reinforcement
Contractor:-
Mr. Naran Bhai
Electrification
Contractor:-
Mr. Mahesh Bhai
Excavation and Filling

Contractor
Mr. Ghana Bhai
Plumbing Contractor:-
Mr. Raju Bhai

LIST OF MATERIAL RATES:-
Sr. Name of Cost of Unit of Mode of

No. material material measurement transport
(Rs.)
1. Cement 235 50 Kg Truck
53 grade
2. Sand 500 Brass Truck
3. Kapchi 1800 Brass Truck
4. Grit 1800 Brass Truck
5. Reinforcement 45.5 Kg Truck
steel
(8 mm)
6. Reinforcement 44 Kg Truck
steel
(10 mm)
steel
(12 mm)
steel
(16 mm)
9. Reinforcement 44.5 Kg Truck
steel
(20 mm)
10. Brick 2000 1000 nos Truck
11. Soil 300 Brass Truck
12. Binding wire 45 Kg Tempo
13. Ceramic tiles 32 Sq.ft Truck
14. Porcelino tiles 28 Sq.ft Truck
15. Glazed tiles 25 Sq.ft Truck
16. Mirror finished 50 Sq.ft Truck
Vitrified tiles
17. China Mosiac 10 Sq.ft Truck

18. White cement 550 50 kg Truck

19. Kota stone 18 Sq.ft Truck
20. Granite 110 Sq.ft Truck
21. Glass (4 mm) 22 Sq.ft Tempo
22. Wash basin 450 Number Tempo
(20” x 16”)
23. W.C. with flush 850 Number Tempo
tank
24. S.S. sink 1000 Number Tempo
(18”x12”)
25. Wood 1100 cft Truck
(Ghana teak)
26. Flush door 60 Sq.ft Truck
27. Nadiya 4500 1000 nos Tempo

LIST OF TOOLS USED AT THE SITE:-
• Ghamela
• Spade
• Pick axe
• Plumb bob
• Panja
• Aankdi
• Hammer
• Nails
• Daag
• Ghachu
• Chaplu
• Wooden Braces
• Wooden Planks
• Wooden Props
• Shuttering Plates
• Wall Plates
• Mixer Machine
• Needle Vibrator
• Trowel
• Muster
• Aluminium Float
• Khapeda
• Adjustable Tripod Stand
• Level Tube
• Kubo
• Spirit Level
• Measuring box
• Chisel

• Hoist
• String
LIST OF ACTIVITIES OBSERVED AT SITE:-
• Line out
• Excavation
• Foundation
• Plinth filing
• Wall footing
• Brick masonry
• Formwork
• Reinforcement
o Bar bending and bar cutting
o Reinforcement of slab
o Reinforcement of column
• Concreting
o Concreting of slab
o Concreting of column
• Dehuttering
• Plastering
o Internal Plastering
o External Plastering
• Laying of Kota stone
• Electrification
• Anti termite treatment

LINE OUT:-
• Materials used: Chalk powder, string, plumb bob, measuring

tape, steel rods.
• Description: Line out is a very important activity in

construction. It is the process of laying down the construction
lines and centre lines, columns, etc. on the ground before the
construction activities starts.
• Procedure:
o For doing the line-out, the centre line of the longest outer
wall of the building is first marked on the ground by
stretching a string between steel rods driven at the ends. This
line serves as the reference line.
o Two rods one on either side of the central rod are driven at
each end of the line. Each rod is equidistant from the central
rod, and the distance between these two outer rods is the
width of the excavation trench.
o Each rod is projected about 30cm above the ground level and
is driven at a distance of about 1.5-2m from the edge of
excavation so that they are not disturbed while excavating the
ground.
o When string is stretched joining the two rods at the two
extremities of the line, the boundary of the trench to be
excavated is marked on the ground with lime.
o Then the central line of other perpendicular walls is obtained
by setting out right angles.

o This is done by using two measuring tapes and the

intersection of the readings on these tapes is the required
point on the ground. For setting out right angles the
Pythagoras theorem is used.
o To cross check the right angles diagonals are measured.
o For line out of columns firstly the area is excavated.
o According to the foundation plan the steel rods are driven
into the ground on the sides of the excavated area on which
string is tied.
o The intersection of the strings gives the center point of the
column and with the help of the plumb bob it is transferred to
the ground.
• The activity required:
o Skilled labours: 3
o Unskilled labours: 0

EXCAVATION:-
• Tools used: Spade, Pick axe, Ghamela.
• Description: Excavation is an activity in which digging of

earth is carried out mainly for foundation purpose.
• Procedure:
o Excavation of the area is done according to the line out
carried out.
o With the help of spade and pick axe the earth over the line out
area is dug out.
o When considerable amount of earth is dug it is collected into
ghamelas and dug out earth is then deposited at the boundary
of the excavated area.
o Thus in this way excavation is carried out up to the depth
where good soil is obtained.

FOUNDATION:-
• Materials used: Cement (grade 53), Fine aggregates, Coarse
aggregates (grit, kapchi), water, reinforcement bars (sizes 8,
10,12mm dia), binding wire, cover blocks (40-50mm
thickness).
• Tools used: Panja, ghamela, aankdi, hammer, nails, wooden

braces, wooden planks, plumb bob, muster, khapeda.
• Machines used: Full bag concrete mixer, vibrator.
• Description: foundation forms the base of the structure. It

transfers the load of the structure to the ground soil below it.
At our site sloped footing is used as foundation.
• Procedure:
o After excavation of the area is done then foundation of the
structure is laid according to the foundation plan.
o Firstly a layer of PCC is done on the excavated area with
proportion of 1:4:8. This layer of PCC is done up to the
thickness of 10 cm.
o Then this layer is allowed to dry for a period of 7 days.
o After this formwork for foundation is done. Here wooden
planks are placed on the ground which is supported by the
braces. The laying of wooden planks is done in such a way
that it forms the boundary of the area.

o After the formwork is done then the reinforcement is placed.

The reinforcement cages of the base and that of the column
are prepared in advance.
o The reinforcement cage is placed on the cover blocks so that
concrete spreads below it also.
o According to the lineout done, the reinforcement of column is
placed over the reinforcement cage and are joint by binding
wire.
o So the reinforcement is placed. Now concreting has to be
done. The concrete mixed is of proportion 1:1.5:3 (M20
grade).
o Khapedas are set over the area for pouring of concrete over
the whole area uniformly.
o The vibrator is used at regular intervals for compaction of
concrete.
o A wooden plank is fixed to the reinforcement of column to
mark the height of the sloped footing. For the slope the
concrete is poured near the column reinforcement. The
concrete used here has less water cement ratio.
o When the height is achieved the slope is leveled with a
muster.
o Then the footing is cured with water for 7 days.

FOUNDATION MASONRY:-
• Materials used: Bricks, cement (Grade 53), Fine aggregates,
Coarse aggregates, Water.
• Tools used: Trowel, Concrete mixer, Ghamela, Spade, Plum

bob, Lvl tube.
• Description: Foundation masonry is done only for the

external walls of the bungalows.
• Procedure:
o According to the line out done a trench is excavated up to
good soil.
o The trench should be 64 cm wide.
o Then cement concrete is prepared for the PCC layer which is
of the proportion 1:4:8.
o This cement concrete is filled up to the thickness of 10cm.
o Now above the PCC layer the brick masonry started.
o Firstly the brick masonry has thickness of 48cm .This
masonry has the height of two brick courses.
o After this 35.5 cm brick masonry done. This masonry is
constructed up to the ground lvl.
o After this 23cm masonry is done up to plinth lvl.
• The activity required
o Skilled labour:3

o Unskilled labour:4
PLINTH FILLING:-
• Materials used: Fine aggregates.
• Tools used: Spade, Ghamela, Panja, Kubo.
• Description: The purpose of doing back filling and plinth

filling is to remove the gaps between foundation trench and
footing and have a flat surface to start further construction of
building.
• Procedure:
o This activity is carried out after the foundation masonry of
the bungalow has been done.
o In this the brick bats, soil, etc. material take out during
excavation is filled back in the pit up to ground lvl.
o For filling up to plinth lvl fine aggregates is filled in the
foundation masonry pit.
o After the filling Panja is used to spread the filling material
evenly in the pit.
o After even leveling kubo is used to compact the filling.

BRICK MASONRY:-
• Materials used: Bricks, Cement, Fine aggregates, Water.
• Tools used: Spade, Trowel, Plumb bob, Lvl tube, Khapeda,

Adjustable tripod stand, String, measuring box.
• Description: Brick masonry is done for construction of

external and partition walls of the bungalow.
• Procedure:
o At the site for external wall the Flemish bond and for internal
wall stretcher bond is constructed.
o Firstly all the bricks are cured with water so that the bricks
don’t absorb the moisture from the cement mortar.
o For making the cement mortar cement and fine aggregates are
mixed in the proportion of 1:6.This is done with the help of
measuring box. Water is used as per requirements.
o The corner of the wall is constructed first. The mortar is laid
with the help of trowel. Then over it the brick is laid and
pressed with the help of trowel.
o Mortar is laid over one row of bricks and then other raw of
bricks are laid over it and pressed with the trowel.
o Distance between two consecutive bricks is approximately of
a finger. Mortar is filled between them so that the bricks join.
o When one whole row of masonry is laid then to make
another row two bricks are kept at the extreme corners and a
string is tied horizontally between them so that we can judge

the height of another lvl.
o After that a plumb bob is taken and the verticality of the
masonry is checked.
o Then similarly the bricks are laid forming another course.
After every course lvl tube is used to check the uniform lvl of
the course.
o For Flemish bond two brocks are laid in the stretcher form
and the other one is laid in header form. This is done
alternately in the whole course.
o For the stretcher bond all the bricks are laid with the stretcher
side being seen.
o At one time the masonry is done only up to height of 150 cm.
o After completion with the help of broom all the excess mortar
is rubbed off from the walls.
o Then with the help of aluminium float toothing is done in the
mortar.
o Then the masonry is cured for 7 days.
o Unskilled labours:6

FORMWORK:-
• Materials used: Wooden props, Shuttering plates, Wooden
planks, Wooden braces, Wall plates, Releasing agent.
• Tools used: Hammer, Nails, Measuring tape.
• Description: It is the temporary adjustment done to support

the fresh concrete and let it to set and become hard. It is also
known as shuttering.
• Procedure:
 For slab:
o Firstly releasing agent is applied on the shuttering plates. So
that after casting concrete doesn’t stick to it.
o Laying of shuttering plates and erection of wooden props is
done simultaneously.
o A wooden prop is erected at approximately each corner of a
shuttering plate so that it can support them.
o The shuttering plates are placed adjacent to each other. They
are fitted by nails. In this way a floor sort of a structure is
laid.
o At the bottom of the shuttering plates wooden planks are
nailed from where the shuttering plates are connected.
o At the top of the wooden props braces are nailed for extra
support. At the end of the formwork wall plates are nailed.
o Skilled labours:4
 For column:
o For formwork of columns firstly the brick masonry on the
sides of the columns is constructed.
o Then shuttering plates are placed on the two open sides of the
column.
o The shuttering plates are placed by nailing them into the
brick masonry on the two sides.
o This formwork is done up to the height of the column.
o In this way formwork for column is done.

REINFORCEMENT:-
BAR BENDING AND BAR CUTTING:-

• Materials used: Reinforcement bars (size: 8, 10, 12, 16mm
dia)
• Tools used: Chaplu, Ghachyu, Daag, Bar bending table,

chalk, hammer.
• Procedure:
 Bar cutting:
o Firstly according to the requirements of the lengths the length
of the bar is marked with the help of chalk.
o Now this bar is placed on the ghachyu where the marking is
done and over it the chaplu is placed.
o Then with the help of the hammer the chaplu is struck and so
due to this force the bar gets cut.
o Skilled labour: 1
o Unskilled labour:1
 Bar bending:
o Before bar bending the bar is cut according to the required
dimensions.

o Then the bar is kept on the bar bending table. On the bar
bending table nails are fixed at particular dimensions.
o The labour keeps the bar on the first nail and then according
to the required dimension he bends the bar from that nail with
the help of a daag.
o At the end he bends the bar in such a way that the angle
remains 135.
o Thus the bar bending technique is used for making stirrups.

o Skilled labour: 1
o Unskilled labour: 0

SLAB REINFORCEMENT:-
• Materials used: Reinforcement bars (8, 10, 12, 16), binding
wire.
• Tools used: Chaplu, ghachyu, daag, aankdi, hammer.
• Description: It is the process of joining of steel bars to get a

reinforcement cage ready for doing R.C.C. work.
• Procedure:
o Reinforcement of the slab is done after the formwork of the
slab is done.
o Firstly the reinforcement plan is studied.
o Then the bars of the required dimensions are taken as given
in the plan.
o The reinforcement is tied by a binding wire with the help of
aakdi
o Cover blocks are placed below the reinforcement which have
the thickness of 15 mm.
o Chairs are provided at every alternate bar.
o Chairs are bent up bars.
o Main steel used for the beams has dia 16mm, main steel for
slab has dia 12mm, while distribution steel has the size of

10mm dia. For stirrups reinforcement bars of 8mm dia were

used.
REINFORCEMENT FOR COLUMNS:-

• Materials used: Reinforcement bars (8, 10, 12), binding
wire.
• Tools used: Chaplu, ghachyu, daag, aakdi.
• Procedure:
o Firstly the reinforcement bars of the required diameter are
taken and cut to required dimensions as given in the plan.
o Stirrups are made with the help of bar bending table. The
stirrup is of the size of 8 mm dia.
o Now the reinforcement bars are placed and at the given
distances they are joint to the stirrups with the help of the
binding wire.
o So the reinforcement of the column is made
o At the end the reinforcement is bent with the help of daag so
that the reinforcement can be easily fixed to the
reinforcement cage.

CONCRETING:-
CONCRETING OF SLAB:-
• Materials used: Cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates
(grit and kapchi), water.
• Tools used: Panja, ghamela, spade, wooden float,.
• Machines used: Full bag concrete mixer, vibrator, hoist(lift).
• Description: Slab casting is done so that different levels are

constructed in a building like floors.
• Procedure:
o Before slab casting is started, slab reinforcement is done.
o if the slab to be cast is of first floor or second floor then a
hoist is erected. Hoist is a lift sort of a machine which caaries
the concrete from the ground floor to the slab level.
o Now in slab casting the concrete used is of the proportion of
1:1.5:3 (M20 grade).
o All the materials are poured in the concrete mixer and they
are mixed thoroughly. Water is added as per requirement.
o Then the mixed concrete is poured in the hoist which takes

the concrete to the slab level. Here the concrete is unloaded
from the hoist on a set of shuttering plates with the help of a
spade.
o Then the concrete bis filled in the ghamelas and then a set of
workers lift the ghamelas and unload it in the slab
reinforcement.
o Firstly the concrete is filled at the corners of the slab.
o When concrete is filled on a good amount of area then the
concrete is spread with the help of a panja.then the vibrator is
used for the compaction of concrete.
o Then the slab is leveled with the help of a wooden float.
o The procedure is repeated for the whole slab that has to be
cast.
o At our site for casting one whole slab it required about 6 to 7
hours and the cement bags consumed were around 90.
o After slab casting is over the slab should be cured with water
at regular intervals for seven days.
o Skilled labours:5

CONCRETING OF COLUMNS:-
• Materials used: Cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates
(grit and kapchi), water.
• Tools used: Ghamela, spade, trowel.
• Machines used: Half bag concrete mixer, vibrator.
• Procedure:
o Before the concreting of column is done, brick masonry of
the walls is done and toothing is kept in the masonry near the
columns.
o This is done so that there is good bonding between concrete
and masonry.
o Then the form work of column is done. Now the columns are
fit for concreting.
o The concrete used in concreting has the proportion of 1:1.5:3
and water is used as per requirement.
o Then the produce concrete is poured inside the form work of
columns. After a substantial amount of concrete is poured
then the vibrator is used for compaction of concrete.

o In this way the process is repeated until the height of column

is achieved.
DESHUTTERING:-
• Tools used: Crowbar, Hammer, Plier.
• Description: After the slab is cast, then after seven days the
formwork of shuttering plates is removed. This practice is
known as deshuttering.
• Procedure:
o Deshuttering is done after 7 days of concreting of slab.
o The shuttering plates on the side of the slab are deshuttered
after 24 hours of concreting.
o Deshuttering of the slab is started from the corner of the slab.
o Firstly the wooden prop is removed by removing the nails
which are fixed.
o Then with the help of crowbar the nails are removed from the
wooden planks.
o The whole line of the wooden planks is removed first.
o Then with the help of crowbar the shuttering plates are
removed.
o In this way Deshuttering is done.


PLASTERING:-
INTERNAL PLASTERING:-
• Materials used: Cement, sand water.
• Tools used: Ghamela, Trovel (Thapi,Lelu), Muster,

Aluminium float, Adjustable tripod, Khapeda, Plumb bob,
Spade, String, Lvl tube.
• Description: Plastering is a process of applying coats of

mortar on walls and ceilings to give finishing to building. At
our site we have single coat mala plaster.
• Procedure:
o Before the plastering is started the masonry is cured with
water and made rough so that mortar sticks to it. The masonry
should be cured for at least 5 days.
o Before plastering is done thaiyas are made at diff points on
the wall so that the thickness of plaster coat can be judge.

Thaiya or level marking are marked on the walls at a regular

interval of 2 m vertically.
o For single coat malaplaster two coats are applied, one is base
coat and the second is the finishing coat.
o Firstly a base coat is prepared in which cement sand ratio is
1:15 and much amount of water is added.
o For the base coat the mortar is spayed over the wall roughly
with the help of thapi. This coat is not leveled.
o After applying the base coat the second coat is applied only
after 7 days.
o For the finishing coat the mortar prepared has the cement
sand ratio is 1:6 and water is added so that the mortar has
standard consistency.
o Now with the help of thapi the second coat is applied over the
base coat.
o Then with the help of muster the mortar is spread over the
surface and then with the help of aluminium patti the surface
of plaster is leveled.
o If plastering has to be done over the ceiling the level can be
raised by an adjustable tripod and placing a khapeda over it.

EXTERNAL PLASTERING:-
• Materials used: Cement, sand water.
• Tools used: Ghamela, Trovel (Thapi, Lelu), Muster,

Aluminium float, Adjustable tripod, Khapeda, Plumb bob,
Spade, String, Lvl tube.
• Procedure:
o At the site the external plastering done is double coat sand
face plaster.
o Before the plastering activity is started thaiyas are made on
the walls so that the thickness of the coat remains uniform.
o The plaster is divided in to two coats. First is a base coat and
the second is a sand face coat.
o For the base coat cement mortar has the cement sand
proportion 1:6.
o The worker with the help of thapi splashes the mortar on the
wall. Now to spread the mortar over a large area the worker
levels the mortar with the help of muster.

o Thus the surface becomes leveled and smooth. But in order

that the second coat sticks to the first coat, the first coat
should be rough.
o So the worker with the help of a scratcher makes long
scratches on the plastered wall.
o After the first coat the plaster is cured for four to five days
before the second coat is laid.
o For the second coat firstly mixture of cement and water is
spread which forms a loose coat of plaster.
o Then cement mortar is prepared by mixing cement and sand
in 1:6 proportion.
o Now this mortar is sprayed over the wall with the help of
thapi. Then the wall is leveled by aluminium float.
o Then water is sprinkled over the plaster and then the plaster is
pressed with the help of a muster and then it is pulled in such
a way that very small tipnis (Dana) are formed on the plaster.
o In this way the sand face plaster is done.

LAYING OF KOTASTONE:-
• Materials used: Kotastone, Cement, Fine aggregates, Water.
• Tools used: Trowel (Thapi), Cutting machine, Lvl tube,

Measuring tape, Spade, Ghamela, Hammer.
• Procedure:
o First of all the kotastone are cut according to the required
measurements. It is done by help of the chisel and hammer. It
is also done by help of cutting machine.
o Then the mixture of cement and Fine aggregates made with
the proportion of 1:15 ratio. This mixture has less water
cement ratio. It is laid on ground and properly leveled with
the help of a muster or trowel.
o Now the mixture of cement and water called “DUGO” is laid
over the mortar. Above it the stone is laid and rammed with
the base of a hammer.
o After two stones are laid their lvl is checked. In this way the
flooring if kotastone is done.
o Skilled labours:1
ELECTRIFICATION:-
• Materials used: PVC pipes, mild steel electric box, fan

boxes.
• Tools used: Chisel, Hammer.
• Description: Electrification is the most important service

provided to the building. It provides electricity to the whole
building.
• Procedure:
o Electrification is a concealed activity so it is carried out
before plastering and slab casting.
o Firstly the electrification drawings are studied.
o As specified in the drawings the brick masonry is scraped out
with the help of chisel and hammer.
o Then the electric PVC pipes of 1.75cm dia are placed in the
chiseled wall and the electric boxes are placed wherever
specified in the drawings.
o Thus in this way the electrification is carried out in walls.

o For electrification in slab firstly the drawings are studied.

Then after the formwork and reinforcement of slab is done
then according to the drawing the pipes and the fan boxes or
light points are connected with each other.
o These lines are also connected to the pipes which are fixed in
the brick masonry.
o After this the slab is cast and the ceiling shows only fan or
light point.
ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT:-
• Chemicals used: Lindane powder, Bisenphin 25%, Imada

Paclopied 30.5.
• Tools used: Pressure pump, Drill machine.
• Description: The aim of anti-termite treatment is to get

protection against termites which causes great damage to our
buildings and other components.
• Procedure:
o Anti termite treatment is divided into two parts on is before
construction of the building and the second is after the
construction of the building.
o The first treatment done before the construction of building.
o This treatment is done after the plinth filling of the bungalow
is done and before the PCC layer is laid.
o In this treatment Lindane powder is spread over the whole
plinth filled area.

o The second treatment is done after the whole building is

constructed. This treatment is done before the flooring of the
bungalow is done.
o In this treatment holes of depth 750 mm and diameter 16 mm
are bore in the slab with the help of drill. These holes are
bored at every 600 mm.
o Then with the help of pressure pump the chemical is pumped
in the holes till the hole is full. Then the hole is properly
sealed.
o The proportion of Bisenphin 25% used is 400 ml of chemical
in 20000ml of water.
o The proportion of Imada Paclopied 30.5 is 50 ml in 20000ml

of water.
o Care is taken by the person who sprays the chemical that his
body does not come in contact with the chemical and wears
hand gloves, mask, shoes, etc. for protection.

LABOUR RATES
Labour Rates for Masonry and Plastering
Sr. no. Item Per Rates(

Rs.)
1 Excavation up to 5’-0”depth Cft. 1.45
2 Excavation below 5’-0”to 10’-0” depth Cft. 3.60
3 Refilling in excavation Cft. 0.85
4 Soil filling in plinth Cft. 1.30
5 B.B.C.C. in foundation –9” thick Cft 2.60
6 B.B.C.C. in floor –4” thick Sft.. 1.65
7 Sand filling –6” thick Sft. 1.30
8 24”, 18”, 14”, 9” thick masonry in Cft 3.90
foundation
9 14”and 18” masonry above plinth Cft. 3.90
10 9” thick masonry Sft. 3.6
11 4½” thick partition wall Sft. 3.25
12 Brick masonry column up yo 18”thick Rft. 4.90
13 Brick masonry step Rft. 26.00
14 Brick masonry kanas patta Rft. 2.60
15 Doors and windows fixing No. 65

16 Doors and windows fixing above 20 sqft Sft. 4.00

17 Lime finish plaster Sft. 2.60
18 Single coat chant mala plaster Sft. 4.00
19 Double coat mala plaster Sft. 5.2
20 Double coat sand face booch plaster Sft. 6.00
21 Double coat sand face tippani plaster Sft. 8.00
22 2” thick Sft. 3.00
23 4½” thick parapet wall inside finish plaster Rft. 50.00
up to 3’-00”
24 9” thick parapet wall inside finish plaster up Rft. 62.00
to 3’-00”
25 Patta-patti in single coat plaster 4” thick Rft 5.2
26 Patta-patti in double coat plaster 4” thick Rft. 6.5
27 Tapak in plaster Rft. 2.5

28 Vata Rft. 2.5
29 Sloping plaster and round plaster Sft. 2.00
30 4½”and thick compound wall with inside Rft. 85.00

finish or single mala upto 6’-00”ft
ht(excavation ,BBCC, pillar, patta complete)
31 Jary filling in skirting Rft. 2.50

32 Water spout fitting No. 25.00
33 Water tank with masonry, plaster, water Litre 3.00
proofing etc. complete above the ground
34 Under ground water tank with masonry, Litre 2.60

plaster, excavation, BBCC etc.
35 Arch in masonry up to 5’-0”length No. 400.0

36 Arch in masonry up to 10’-0”length No. 520.0
37 Precast jail fitting No. 10.5
38 9”x9” precast block fixing No. 5.00
39 Roof tiles fixing Sft. 6.50
40 Plaster of chajja, loft, broof tile fixingeam, Sft. 2.00
bracket, column, pardi etc. with hacking

41 Gate fitting in compound wall Sft. 25.00

42 Department mason Day 250.0
43 Department labour Day 130.0
44 Waterproofing of toilet sunk with chemical Sft. 9.00
45 3” thick compound paving Sft. 4.00
46 Hacking in ceiling Sft. 0.4
47 Dismantling of masonry and plasterwork Sft. 2.5
48 Cinder filling in sunk Sft. 2.5
49 Steel grill fitting Sft. 4.25
50 Two or three layer masonry with inside Rft. 5.00
plaster
51 Brick or block fixing in sand Sft. 3.00
52 China mosaic with water proofing Sft. 13.5
53 Patta-patti in china mosaic Rft. 6.5
Labour Rates for RCC work
Sr. no. Per Rates

Item
1 PCC 6” thick Sft. 3.25
2 RCC base Cft. 11.5
3 RCC pedestal Cft. 30.00
4 RCC beam and brackets Rft./cft. 28.00
5 RCC column Rft./cft. 28.00

6 RCC round column –9” diameter Rft. 41.50
7 RCC round column –14” /18” diameter Rft./cft. 46.00
8 RCC coping - 6”thickand 9”wide Rft. 11.5
9 RCC coping- 14”thick and 14”/18” wide Rft. 15.50
10 RCC lintel -6” thick Rft. 13.00
11 RCC slab 5” thick at 10’-00” ht Sft. 6.50
12 RCC slab 5” thick at 12’-00” ht Sft. 9.00
13 RCC chajja, loft and beam Sft. 9.50
14 RCC two way slab Sft. 7.80
15 RCC –pardi 3” thick Sft. 13.00
16 RCC –pardi 6” thick Sft. 15.50
17 Single side sloping slab Sft. 7.50
18 Double side sloping slab Sft. 11.00
19 Three and four side sloping slab Sft. 13.50
20 Sloping chajja No. 10.5
21 RCC arch up to 5’-00” No. 460.00
22 RCC arch up to 10’-00” No. 700.00
23 RCC simple stair up to 3’-6” wide No. 130.00
24 RCC simple stair up to 4’-6” wide No. 170.0
25 RCC folded stair up to 3’-6” wide No. 230.00
26 RCC folded stair up to 4’-6” wide No. 350.00
27 RCC circular stair up to 3’-6” wide No. 400.00
28 RCC circular stair up to 4’-6” wide No. 520.00
29 Sunk slab 8”/12”/18 Rft. 400.00
30 RCC project patta-3”thick Rft. 9.50
31 RCC project patta-6”thick Rft. 13.00
32 RCC design patta -6”thick Rft. 16.50
33 Slab beam rft 6.50
34 Kada fitting Pair 80.00
35 RCC over head water tank complete Litre 3.00
36 RCC under ground water tank complete Litre 2.50
37 Corner steel in slab (4’x4’) No. 30.00
38 False staging Sft. 3.50
39 Department shuttering pair Day 420.00
40 Department steel worker Day 200

Labour rates for Flooring work
Sr. no. Item Per Rate of Polishing

fitting
1 Mosaic tiles flooring Sft. 2.50 2.50

2 Mosaic skirting Rft. 2.50 2.50
3 Kota stone flooring and Sft./Rft. 4.50 4.50
skirting – machine cut
4 Kota stone flooring – hand Sft. 6.50 4.00
cut
5 Kota stone skirting – hand Rft. 6.50 4.00
cut
6 Marble machine cut flooring Sft. 7.50 5.00
7 Marble slab recutting and Sft. 10.50 5.00
flooring
8 Marble slab recutting and Rft. 10.50 5.00
skirting
9 Marble/ Kota stone semi Sft. - 9.00
mirror polish
10 Marble/ Kota stone mirror Sft. - 10.5
polish
11 Kitchen sandwich platform- Sft. 10.5 5.00
Kota stone

12 Kitchen sandwich platform- Sft 11.50 5.00

marble
13 Kitchen sandwich platform- Sft. 13.00 -
granite
14 Glazed tiles dedo-8”x12” Sft. 6.50 -
15 Ceramic flooring Sft. 5.00 -
16 Stair riser-kota stone Rft. 7.50 5.00
17 Stair riser- marble Rft. 9.50 5.00
18 Window sill and self- Kota Rft. 7.50 5.00
stone/marble
19 Dholpur machine cut Rft. 7.50 4.00

flooring
Rough Kota stone flooring

20 Sft. 7.50 -
with groove
21 China mosaic flooring Sft. 9.00 -

22 2’x2’ design in flooring No. 260.00 -
23 3’x3’ piece fitting No. 5.00 -
24 Patta patti up to 3” wide Rft. 5.00 -
25 Diagonal flooring (45*) Sft. 2.00 -
times
26 Granite flooring and skirting Sft. 13.50 -
27 Granamite flooring Sft. 10.5 -
28 Granamite skirting Rft. 12.00 -
29 Sink hole fitting (kota/ No. 400.00 -
marble/granite)
30 Tani in tiles dedo Rft. 6.50 -

31 Moulding -kota Rft. 26.00 -
32 Moulding -Marbe Rft. 30.50 -
33 Moulding –granite Rft. 45.50 -
34 Counter wash basin (cutting No. 260.00 -
and fitting)

Electrification Rates.
Sr. no. Description Point Details Rs.

1 Light, fan , sp. plug, TV, 1point Single 80.00

antenna, main board,
telephone
2 Bell, speaker, two way pt. 1 point Double 200.00

3 5Amp. Plug point board ¾ Two-third 65.50
4 15Amp. 3/20point (15’) 1 point Double 200.0
5 15Amp 7/20 point(15’) 1 point Triple 300.00
6 1/18 circuit (15’) 1 point Single 100.0
7 3/20 circuit (if more than 15’) Rft Single 6.00
8 7/20(if more than 15’) 1 Single 8.00
9 1/18 (if more than 15’) Rft Single 4.00
10 Telephone, TV, antenna Rft Single 4.00
11 Cable filter Rft Single 10.5
12 3/20 three phase point Rft Single 8.00
13 7/20 three phase point Rft Single 13.50
14 1/18 single phase point rft Single 4.00
15 Telephone, TV, antenna 1 ft Single 4.00
16 Distribution Single Open 200.00
phase
17 Distribution Open Conceale 400.00

d
18 32Amp. TPN Open Conceale 650.00
d
d
d
21 Three phase distribution 1 piece Conceale 780.00
d
22 16Amp. IC TP 1 piece Conceale 130.00
d
23 32Amp. TP IC 1 piece Conceale 100.0
d

Labour Rates for plumbing and sanitary work
Sr. Item Per Rate

no.

1 ½”G.I. pipes (open line) Rft. 6.50

2 ½”G.I. pipes (concealed line) Rft. 10.0
3 ¾”- 1” G.I. pipes (open line) Rft. 10.0
4 ¾”- 1” G.I. pipes (concealed line) Rft. 11.5
5 1.25”- 2” G.I. pipes (open line) Rft. 13.00
6 1.25”- 2” G.I. pipes (concealed line) Rft. 15.50
7 ½” PVC pipe(open line) Rft. 6.50
8 ½” PVC pipe (concealed line) Rft. 9.00
9 1.25”-22” PVC pipe (open line) Rft. 9.50
10 1.25”-22” PVC pipe (concealed line) Rft. 13.50
11 3”- 4” PVC pipe (open line) Rft. 11.0
12 3”- 4-” PVC pipe (concealed line) Rft 17.50
13 3”- 4” G.I. pipes (open line) Rft. 13.00
14 3”- 4” G.I. pipes (concealed line) Rft. 18.00
15 Hole in brick work No. 32.50
16 Hole in RCC work No. 60.00
17 Wash basin (simple complete) No. 185.00
18 Wash basin (counter/pedestal) No. 360.0
19 European W.C. simple No. 200.00
20 European W.C. wall mounted No. 520.00
21 Commode seat No. 55.00
22 Bib cock, angle cock, stop cock No. 25.00
23 Telephone shower No. 65.00
24 Jet spray No. 90.00
25 Flush cock No. 90.00
26 Concealed cock No. 65.00
27 Extension nipple with cap No. 25.00
28 Nani trap No 80.00
29 Wall mixer No. 165.00
30 Center point fitting No. 90.00
31 Cowl No. 20.00
32 Orrisa pan W.C. No. 230.00
33 4” diameter S.W. pipe line (1’-3’ depth) Rft. 12.5
34 6” diameter S.W. pipe line (1’-3’ depth) Rft. 15.50
35 Chamber 2*2*2’ No. 620.00
36 Gully trap No. 200.00
37 Bath tub No. 975.00
38 6”*6” jail No. 35.00
39 Over head shower with arm No. 40.00
40 Foot valve No. 65.00

41 Pump fitting with foundation No. 260.00
42 Pressure pump fitting No. 2000.00
43 Wheel valve up to 1” No. 80.00
44 Wheel valve up to 2” No. 130.00
45 Sink fitting No. 325.00
46 Sink connection No. 65.00
47 Geyser (small) No. 80.00
48 Geyser(large) No. 280.00
49 Asbestos threading on G.I. pipes Rft. 4.00
50 Jute lining on G.I. pipes Rft. 4.00
51 Black Japan painting on G.I. pipe Rft. 2.50
52 Fixing of spout No. 55.00
53 Departmental plumber Day 260.00
54 Departmental helper Day 130.00

Terminology used at the site:
Local language English conversion

khapeda Scaffold
thapi Trowel
odumbo Plumb bob
Tagara Pan
Kubo Rammer
Panjo Raker
Level toti Level tube
Karigar Skilled labour
Majur Unskilled labour
Maal Mortar
Reti Sand
Et Brick
Patiya Plank
Kaat khuno Mason square
Shakanjo Clamp
Teka Prop
Lafa Brace
Khilli Nails
Chaini Sieve
Data Toothing
Pavdo Spade
Kodali Tri-hex
Dori String
Level patti Float
Saliya Steel bars

PHOTOGRAPHS:-
Reinforcement of footing

Concreting of footing
Photo of sloped footing

Photo of excavation

Excavation by JCB
Reinforcement cage
Reinforcement of columns

Formwork of slab

Formwork of roof
Two stage formwork of roof

Scaffolding for plastering
Cutting of reinforcement bars

Lift(Hoist) to transport concrete to the higher slab level

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Panchamrut Vastu Villa Fs-2

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Panchamrut Vastu Villa Field Studies II

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no1 Manthan Mevada (1107)

During our semester training at construction site we have selected

We are very grateful to Developer

We have got a lot of practical and theoretical knowledge from the

We are also very thankful to our faculties

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no2 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no3 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Location: Panchamrut Vastu Villa,

Developer: Panchamrut Infrastucture

Architect: Kunal Shah

Structural Engineer: Pankaj Patel and associates.

Site Engineer: Mr Pankaj Patel

Type of Structure: Composite Structure

Type of project: Individual Bungalow

Date of Joining the Site: 22/12/2007

Date of leaving the site: 05/04/2008

Total Plot Area: 14215 Sq mt

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no4 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Detail of each Bungalow

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no5 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Bung No Plot area Built up area

• Doors and Windows: Decorative and polished main door.

• Wall finish: Internal walls: Single coat mala plaster with

• Kitchen: Granite sandwich platform with S.S.Sink. Glaze

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no7 Manthan Mevada (1107)

• Electrification: ISI standard concealed copper wiring and

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no8 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no9 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Status of Site on the First visit:

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no10 Manthan Mevada (1107)

21 Not started 42 Plinth lvl

Status of site on the last visit:

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no11 Manthan Mevada (1107)

21 Plinth level 42 Plinth level

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no12 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no13 Manthan Mevada (1107)

Site Engineer:- Architect:- Accountant:- Structural Designer:-

Brick Masonry Contractor:-

Excavation and Filling

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no14 Manthan Mevada (1107)

LIST OF MATERIAL RATES:-

Sr. Name of Cost of Unit of Mode of

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no15 Manthan Mevada (1107)

18. White cement 550 50 kg Truck

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no16 Manthan Mevada (1107)

LIST OF TOOLS USED AT THE SITE:-

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no17 Manthan Mevada (1107)

LIST OF ACTIVITIES OBSERVED AT SITE:-

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no18 Manthan Mevada (1107)

• Materials used: Chalk powder, string, plumb bob, measuring

• Description: Line out is a very important activity in

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no19 Manthan Mevada (1107)

o This is done by using two measuring tapes and the

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no20 Manthan Mevada (1107)

• Tools used: Spade, Pick axe, Ghamela.

• Description: Excavation is an activity in which digging of

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no21 Manthan Mevada (1107)

• Tools used: Panja, ghamela, aankdi, hammer, nails, wooden

• Machines used: Full bag concrete mixer, vibrator.

• Description: foundation forms the base of the structure. It

Karan Doshi (0607) Page no22 Manthan Mevada (1107)

o After the formwork is done then the reinforcement is placed.