IP Addressing

By
Muhammad Niswar

Outline

What is IP Address ?

IP Address Format

Classfull Scheme

Class A, B, C, D, E

Classless Scheme

CIDR

VLSM

IP Address

Logical Network Address that identifies

particular host.

IPv4 = 32 bits

IPv6 = 128 bits

IP Address Format
32-bits
Network

Host

00001010000000000000010100000001
00001010 00000000 00000101 00000001

10

Classfull Scheme
32-bits
Network

Class A
Class B
Class C

Host

Network (8)

Host (24)

Network (16)

Host (16)

Network (24)

Class D

Multicast

Class E

Reserved

Host (8)

Classfull Scheme

PC/Router identifies the class of IP address

according to MSB
Class A

0111XXXX

Class B

1011XXXX XXXXXXXX

Class C

1101XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX

Host (24)

Class D

Multicast

Class E

Reserved

Host (16)

Host (8)

Classfull Scheme
Class A

0111XXXX

Host (24)

Range = 1 126

0 = Reserved for Broadcast Address

127 = Reserved for Loopback Address

Large Size Organization

Classfull Scheme
Class B

1011XXXX XXXXXXXX

Host (16)

Range = 128 191

Medium Size Organization

Class C

1101XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX

Range = 192 223
Small Size Organization

Class D

1110XXXX
Range = 224- 239

Host (8)

Subnet:
Class C

192.168.1.0

Netmask: 255.255.255.0

CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24

Host = 8 bits

# of Host = 2^8 2 = 254 Hosts

Network

Host Range

Broadcast

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.1 ~ 192.168.1.254

192.168.1.255

Subnet:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

ISP use CIDR method to allocate a number of

address to customer.

192.168.10.32/28

/28 = # of bits are turned on (1s) = Network

/28 = subnet prefix

Subnet

192.168.10.32/28

11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

# of Subnet = 2^4 = 16 Subnets

# of Host = 2^4 2 = 14 Hosts

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Network

Host Range

Broadcast

192.168.10.32

192.168.10.33 ~ 192.168.10.46

192.168.10.47

192.168.10.48

192.168.10.49 ~ 192.168.10.62

192.168.10.63

192.168.10. 64

192.168.10.65 ~ 192.168.10.78

192.168.10.79

192.168.10.80

192.168.10.81 ~ 192.168.10.94

192.168.10.95

192.168.10.96

192.168.10.97 ~ 192.168.10.110

192.168.10.111

192.168.10.112

192.168.10.113 ~ 192.168.10.126

192.168.10.127

192.168.10.128

192.168.10.129 ~ 192.168.10.142

192.168.10.143

192.168.10.144

192.168.10.145 ~ 192.168.10.158

192.168.10.159

192.168.10.160

192.168.10.161 ~ 192.168.10.174

192.168.10.175

192.168.10.176

192.168.10.177 ~ 192.168.10.190

192.168.10.191

192.168.10.192

192.168.10.193 ~ 192.168.10.206

192.168.10.207

192.168.10.208

192.168.10.209 ~ 192.168.10.222

192.168.10.223

192.168.10.224

192.168.10.225 ~ 192.168.10.238

192.168.10.239

192.168.10.240

192.168.10.241 ~ 192.168.10.254

192.168.10.255

Exercise

172.16.0.0/18

Netmask?

# of Subnets?

# of Hosts?

Valid Subnets, Hosts, Broadcasts Addresses:

Subnet

Host Range

Broadcast

Classless Scheme:
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

Divide an IP address space into subnets of

different sizes
Subnetting the subnet
Dealing with IP address wastage introduced by
Classfull Address Scheme.

VLSM Example

Small company with class C network

192.168.10.0/24

They have six subnets

Subnet1, 2, 3 & 4 = 10 hosts

Subnet5 = 50 hosts

Subnet6 = 100 hosts

VLSM Example
st
(1 Division)
0

8
192

16
168

24
10

8
192

254 Hosts
16

168

8
192

32

24
10

16
168

192.168.10.0/24

126 Hosts

24
10

126 Hosts

32
192.168.10.0/25
(Subnet6)
32
192.168.10.128/25

VLSM Example
nd
(2 Division)
0

8
192

16
168

24
10

8
192

126 Hosts

16
168

8
192

32

24
10

16
168

192.168.10.128/25

62 Hosts
24

10

62 Hosts

32
192.168.10.128/26
(subnet5)
32
192.168.10.192/26

VLSM Example (3th Division)

0

8
192

16
168

24
10

8
192

16

0
192

10

168

14 Hosts
24

10
16

168

14 Hosts
24

16

8
192

10

168

192.168.10.192/26

24

16

62 Hosts

168

192

32

14 Hosts
24

10

14 Hosts

32
192.168.10.192/28
(subnet1)
32
192.168.10.208/28
(subnet2)
32
192.168.10.224/28
(subnet3)
32
192.168.10.240/28
(subnet4)

Exercise
192.168.1.0/24

Subnet A = 66 Hosts

Internet

RouterA

Subnet D = 6 Hosts

Subnet B = 19 Hosts

Subnet C = 2 Hosts

RouterB

Subnet E = 30 Hosts