MarkKan,KirkLam,NoahEaster HonChemMarangeloP5

StoichiometryandMeasurementsLab
StoichiometryLab Asadoctorinthehospital,yourpatientneeds1.35gofBariumSulfatefortheproductionofhis "lifesaving"medicine.Youknowthateverytimeyouconductthisreaction,yougeta79.5%yield. ThechemicalsthatyouhavetoworkwithareSodiumSulfateandBariumNitrate.(theyare veryexpensive,sousetheminimumamountneeded) Procedure: 1. Firstmassout1.03gofSodiumSulfateand1.90gofBariumNitrate 2. Dissolve1.03gofSodiumSulfateintobeaker1withwater 3. Dissolve1.90gofBariumNitrateintobeaker2withwater 4. Massfilterpaper 5. Foldupfilterpaperandplaceintofunnel 6. Placefunnelintoavial 7. MixdissolvedSodiumSulfateandBariumNitrateinaseparatebeaker 8. Poursolutionintothefunnel 9. Massthefilterpapercontainingprecipitate 10. Cleanup Materials: StirringRod Funnel FilterPaper Beaker ElectronicScale SodiumSulfate BariumNitrate DistilledWater Prelab:Questionstoaddresspriortostartinglab 1.Howmuchofthereactantswillyouneedtomeasureout? 1.03gofNa2SO4and1.51gofBa(NO3)2needstobemeasuredout. 2.Howmuchwatershouldyouaddtothebeaker? Enoughwatershouldbeaddedtofullydissolvethesaltintothewater. 3.Toseparatethesolidfromtheliquid,youwillneedtofilter.Whatisinthefilterpaper?Should youmassthefilterpaperbeforehand?Why?

BariumSulfateprecipitateiswhatisleftinthefilterpaper.Itisveryimportanttomassthefilter paperbeforehandinordertogetanaccuratemeasurementforthemassoftheprecipitate.Itis pertinentbecauseyouneedtousetheactualmassofBariumSulfatetodeterminewhetherour calculationswereaccurateandalsotocalculatethepercenterror. 4.Howwillyoucollecttheaqueousproduct?Doesthisneedtobemeasured? Theaqueousproductwilldripthroughthefilterpapertobecollectedinavial.Theaqueous productdoesnotneedtobemeasuredhowever,becauseallthecalculationscanbedoneusing onlythemassoftheprecipitate. 5.Wherearesomeplaceswhereyoumightlosesomeofyourproduct?Howcanyoumaximize yourpercentyieldandminimizeyourpercenterror? Whenpouringthesolutionwiththeprecipitatethroughthefilterpaper,someoftheproductmay spillovertheside,orifthemixingofthereactantsisnotdonecarefullysomeoftheproductmay spilloutaswell.Inordertoavoidthisthestirringshouldbedonecarefully,avoidingoverly vigorousmotion.Youcanalsopourtheproductthroughthefilterpaperoveranotherlarger beakersoanyspillagewillbecaughtandcanbepouredbackthroughthefilterpaper. Results: Table1:Massingramsofmaterialsused Material Na2SO4 Ba(NO3)2 Filterpaper#1 Filterpaper#2 Filterpaper#1withprecipitate Filterpaper#2withprecipitate Mass 1.03g 1.90g 1.183g 1.218g 1.915g 1.729g

Calculations: Na2SO4(s)+Ba(NO3)2(s)2NaNO3(aq)+BaSO4(s) 1.35gBaSO4 1molBaSO4 233.4gBaSO4 =0.822gNa2SO4 0.822gNa2SO4 79.5 1molNa2SO4 1molBaSO4 142.05gNa2SO4 1molNa2SO4

xgNa2SO4 x=1.03gNa2SO4 1.35gBaSO4 1molBaSO4 233.4gBaSO4 =1.51gBa(NO3)2 1.51gBa(NO3)2 xgBa(NO3)2 x=1.90gBa(NO3)2

100

1molBa(NO3)2 1molBaSO4 79.5 100

261.3gBa(NO3)2 1molBa(NO3)2

AmountofBaSO4infilterpaper#1=1.915gBaSO41.183gBaSO4=0.732gBaSO4 AmountofBaSO4infilterpaper#2=1.729gBaSO41.218gBaSO4=0.511gBaSO4 TotalamountofBaSO4=0.732gBaSO4+0.511gBaSO4=1.243gBaSO4=ActualYield PercentYield: Figure1:Imageofsolutionandfunnelsetup

Figure2:Imageofsolutiongettingfiltered

 AnalysisandDiscussion: Inthisexperiment,wasbasedofasimulationofahospitalsituationwhereacriticallyill patientneedsacertainamountofBariumSulfateforhismedication.Weweretoldthatthe percentyieldofadoublereplacementreactionwithSodiumSulfateandBariumNitrateisat 79.5%.Accordingtothisinformationweuseddimensionalanalysistofigureoutthemassof SodiumSulfateandBariumNitrateweneededreactinordertomake1.35gramsofBarium Sulfate.Ourresultswere1.51gramsofBariumNitrateand1.03gramsofSodiumSulfate.After thereactionofbothsubstanceswemassedourprecipitatetofindthatourprecipitate,Barium Nitrateweighed1.234grams.Theresultingyieldwaslessthannecessary,leadingustobelieve thatanerrorhadoccurredsomewhereduringtheprocess.Becauseoferrorscommitedinour labresult,wecansafelysaythatwemadeenoughBariumSulfatetosaveourpatientslife. Therewereafewpossiblesourcesoferrors.Oneofwhichcouldbeanerrorduringthe massingoftheinitialreactants.ItispossiblethatduringthemassingofBariumNitrateand SodiumSulfate,thescalewasnottaredproperlyresultinginanincorrectmeasurement. Anothersourceoferrorcouldbethespillingortheincompletepouringofthesolutionintothe filterpaper.Duringourexperiment,wemighthaveaccidentallyspilledsomeofthesolutionwhen pouringthesolutionintothefilterpaper.Thismighthaveskewedourresultscausingthefinal masstobeinaccurate.Furthermore,afterthefilteringwascomplete.Weobservedsomewhite precipitateatthebottomofthevial.Leadingustobelievethattherewassomesortofdefectin ourfilterpaper,allowingprecipitatestoleakthrough. Therearealsoseveralimprovementsforfutureexperiments.Firstly,inordertomake surethatthemassingoftheinitialreactantsisaccurate.Wemustmakesurethatthescaleis taredproperlyandtofurtherimproveaccuracy,multiplemassingsshouldtakeplace.Thus increasingtheprobabilityofanaccuratemass.Anotherimprovementforthefutureistomake sureallofthesolutionispouredthroughthefilterpaper,andthatthefilterpaperisfreefrom defectswhichmaycauseleakage.Withtheseimprovements,futureexperimentsshouldhave resultinfargreateraccuracyindatacollected.