CT SELECTION

1
st
September, 2009
2 CT Selection by Boonyalit T.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Standard ANSI
Standard IEC
CT selection
Example
Reference
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INTRODUCTION
Reduce power system current to lower value for measurement and
protection
Insulate secondary circuit from the primary
Permit the use of standard current rating for secondary equipment
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INTRODUCTION
CTS TYPE
Ring type Bar type Wound type
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BASIC THEORY
2
1
1
2
2
1
N
N
I
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V
V
= =
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BASIC THEORY
S
P
P
S
N
N
I
I
=
S S P
xI N I =
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BASIC THEORY
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC
ANGLE POINT
KNEE POINT
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC (BS)
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC (ANSI)
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC (ANSI)
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC (IEC)
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC
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CT SATURATION
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CT SATURATION
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CT SATURATION
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MAGNITIZING CHARACTERISTIC
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CT POLARITY
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CT POLARITY
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CT MARKINGS OF TERMINALS
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CT ERROR
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CT ERROR
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (IEC)
METERING CLASS (CL. 0.1 TO 5)
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (IEC)
PROTECTION CLASS (CL. 5P & 10P)
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (ANSI)
METERING CLASS (CL. 0.3 TO 1.2)
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (ANSI)
PROTECTION CLASS (C10-C800)
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (ANSI)
PROTECTION CLASS (C10-C800 / T10-T800)
?
EXAMPLE : B-8 C??? / T???
Vt = n . Is . Rr
= 20 . 5 . 8
= 800 V C800, T800
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (ANSI)
PROTECTION CLASS (C10-C800)
PF
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LIMIT ERROR FOR ACCURACY (IEC VS ANSI)
PROTECTION CLASS
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATINGS (IEC)
Continuous Rated Current
Usually Rated primary current (or 120% to 150% and 200% of rated primary current)
Rated Secondary Current
Commonly 1, 2 or 5 Amps
Rated Burden
Value of Burden upon which accuracy claims are based
Usually expressed in VA
Preferred Values : 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 VA
Current Error Class
Metering Class : 0.1 to 5
Protection Class : 5P, 10P
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATINGS (IEC)
Accuracy Limit Factor :- A.L.F (or Saturation Factor 5,10,15,20,30)
Short Time Rated Current
Usually specified for 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 Secs
No harmful effects
Usually specified with secondary shorted
Rated Dynamic Current (Idyn)
Ratio of - Ipeak : Irated (Ipeak = Maximum Current C.T. can withstand without suffering
any damage, 2.5 times Ith )
Voltage rating (3.6, 7.2, 12kV and etc.)
Rated Insulation Level (Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage, peak)
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATINGS (IEC)
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATINGS (IEC)
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATINGS (IEC)
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CT CALCULATION (FOR METERING)
RL (cable resistance)
RL (cable resistance)
Is
Metering
Total VA = Cable VA + Metering VA
= Is^2.(2RL) + Metering VA
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CT CALCULATION (FOR METERING)
0.1 5 A
10 VA
..+a
+...a
2RL =
Metering
Total VA = ???
EXAMPLE
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
RL
RL
If
Relay
Vs = If . (CT Impedance + Cable Impedance + Relay Impedance)
= If . (Rct + 2RL + Rr)
Vs
Rct
(Rr)
Vk = ALF . In . (CT Impedance + Rated Impedance)
= ALF . In . (Rct + Rb)
Satisfied when Vs < Vk
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
Required Voltage (Vs) = If . (Rct + 2RL + Rr)
= 7226 . (5/1000) . (0.26 + 0.3 + 0.02)
= 20.96 V
CT Knee Point Voltage (Vk) = ALF . In . (Rct + Rb)
= 20 . 5 . (0.26 + 0.3) ; Rb = VA / Is^2 = 7.5 / 25
= 56 V
Vs < Vk then CT is adequate
Assume : Primary fault = 7226A
C.T. = 1000/5 A, 7.5VA, 10P20
Rct = 0.26 Ohm, Rr = 0.02 Ohm, RL = 0.15 Ohm
EXAMPLE
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
CT : C20
Relay
GE : SR489
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
CT Information : C20
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
Relay Information: GE SR489
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
Cable Information :
Estimated length = 15 feet
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
ADEQUATE OR NOT ???
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CT CALCULATION (FOR PROTECTION)
Required Voltage (Vs) = If . (Rct + 2RL + Rr)
= 12363 . (5/1200) . (0.374 + 0.098 + 0.008)
= 24.726 V
CT Knee Point Voltage (Vk) = ALF . In . (Rct + Rb)
= 20 . 5 . (0.374 + 0.2)
= 57.4 V
Vs < Vk then CT is adequate
Information Summary :
Primary fault = 12363A
C.T. = 1200/5 A, 5VA, 10P20, Rct = 0.374 Ohm, Rb = 0.2 Ohm
Rr = 0.008 Ohm, RL = 0.049 Ohm
EXAMPLE : From Project 61167
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CT CALCULATION (ABB)
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CT CALCULATION (AREVA)
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DIFFERENTIAL CT
6.6 / 6.9kV
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DIFFERENTIAL CT
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DIFFERENTIAL CT
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DIFFERENTIAL CT
Current differential protection relays
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WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION
[1] IEEE C37.110-1996, Guide for the application of CT used for protective
relaying purposes.
[2] IEEE C57.13-1993, Standard Requirement For Instrument Transformers.
[3] IEC 60044-1, Instrument transformers Part 1: Current transformers.
[4] IEEE THAILAND SECTION, Instrument transformer.
[5] . .. . , ,, , (Power System Protection).
[6] ABB, Current Transformer Requirements for Non- Directional Overcurrent
Protection Application Notes.
[7] AREVA, Burdens & Current Transformer Requirements of MiCOM Relays
Application Notes.
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THANKS YOU