Basics of Speech Coding

Speech coding is the process of obtaining a compact representation of voice signals for efficient transmission over band-limited wired and wireless channels and/or storage. Today, speech coders have become essential components in telecommunications and in the multimedia infrastructure. Commercial systems that rely on efcient speech coding include cellular communication, voice over internet protocol ( !"#$, videoconferencing, electronic toys, archiving, and digital simultaneous voice and data (%S %$, as well as numerous #C-based games and multimedia applications. Speech coding is the art of creating a minimally redundant representation of the speech signal that can be efciently transmitted or stored in digital media, and decoding the signal with the best possible perceptual &uality. 'i(e any other continuous-time signal, speech may be represented digitally through the processes of sampling and &uanti)ation* speech is typically &uanti)ed using either +,-bit uniform or --bit companded &uanti)ation. 'i(e many other signals, however, a sampled speech signal contains a great deal of information that is either redundant (non)ero mutual information between successive samples in the signal$ or perceptually irrelevant (information that is not perceived by human listeners$. .ost telecommunications coders are lossy, meaning that the synthesi)ed speech is perceptually similar to the original but may be physically dissimilar. / speech coder converts a digiti)ed speech signal into a coded representation, which is usually transmitted in frames. / speech decoder receives coded frames and synthesi)es reconstructed speech. Standards typically dictate the input-output relationships of both coder and decoder. Learn more in IIT Kharagpur's First Online Course on Image and Video processing, Visit http://goo.gl/hM !"a Source0 seas.ucla.edu