LECTIA 3 TRECUTUL SI TIMPURILE PERFECTE TRECUTUL SIMPLU (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)

Trecutul simplu - FORMA Afirmativ: INFINITIV + ed (vb regu ate) Negativ: did $!t + INFINITIV I$ter!gativ: did + %ubie&t + INFINITIV F!rma a II"a a vb# (vb $eregu ate)

Utilizare: 1. actiu!e "i!alizata i! trecut ca!# este me!ti !at m me!tul actiu!ii: T m arrived $ester#a$. C lum%us discovered America i! 1&'(. A#)er%ele sau e*presiile #e timp p t "i marca a trecutului simplu: yesterday, last week, two years ago, last summer, a month ago etc. (. actiu!e "i!alizata SI+UR i! trecut c,iar #aca timpul -U este me!ti !at: .rutus assassinated /ulius Caesar. Did $ u e)er see 0i!st ! C,urc,ill i! pers !1

%is!ui!ta #i! trecut: S,e al2a$s woke up earl$ ! sc, l #a$s. Sara, as a c,il# !e)er ate p r3. Este a#esea i!s tit #e a#)er%e #e "rec)e!ta: sometimes, often, always, usually, rarely, barely, hardly, seldom etc. &. !aratiu!e i! trecut: I stopped t %u$ a !e2spaper a!# t,e! sat # 2! ! a %e!c, t rea# it. T,e !e2s was 4uite #epressi!5. S I got up a!# took a walk a!# tried t t,i!3 ,app$ t, u5,ts.

3.

TRECUTUL C'NTINUU (PAST TENSE C'NTINU'US)

Trecutul c !ti!uu - FORMA F!rma de tre&ut a ui t! be + verbIN( Utilizare: 1. actiu!i trecute cu a!umita #urata6 #ar ale car r limite precise i! timp !u su!t cu! scute: It 2as raining a!# getting c l#er. (. actiu!i trecute care au i!ceput i!ai!te si au c !ti!uat pr %a%il #upa u! a!umit m me!t #at:

At ! ! t,e su! was shining. At 17 8cl c3 at !i5,t /err$ was studying. M me!tul #at p ate "i e*primat si #e e*presie #e timp la trecutul simplu: 0,e! T m arri)e#6 t,e su! was shining. 3. actiu!i i! curs #e #erulare i! trecut 9i! #escrieri:: T,e "l 2ers were blooming6 t,e %ir#s were singing a!# t,e %reeze was blowing s "tl$. COMPARATI: #i"ere!ta #e se!s #i!tre cele # ua timpuri: 0,e! t,e %ell rang6 Sam was having %rea3"ast. 9Sam 2as i! t,e mi##le " %rea3"ast 2,e! t,e %ell starte# t ri!5.: ; &!$ti$uitate 0,e! t,e # r %ell rang6 Sam ran t pe! t,e # r. 9Sam ra! t t,e # r as s ! as t,e # r %ell ra!5.: ; %)!$ta$eitate

E<ERCITII
1. Tra!s" rmati i!tre%arile i! pr p zitii a"irmati)e: 1. =i# / ,! c me at mi#!i5,t1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (. =i# t,e c,il#re! u!#ersta!# t,e i!structi !s1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3. =i# =r. Carter %ri!5 t,e a!ti%i tics1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> &. =i# t,e c 3 "reeze t,e stra2%erries1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ?. =i# ,is m t,er "l$ 2it, @LM1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> A. =i# t,e .r 2!s #ri)e all t,e 2a$ t Ariz !a1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> B. =i# s,e "ee# t,e cat1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. =i# El)is Presle$ si!5 i! t,e A78s1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> '. =i# t,e c,il#re! "i5,t a5ai!1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17. =i# / e pa$ " r t,e c, c late1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (. F l siti tre&utu %im) u sau &!$ti$uu: 1. Te# ..................... 92a3e: up %ecause t,e c,il#re! ........................ 9ma3e: ! ise. (. T,e % $s >>>>>>>> 9r 2: i! t,e mi##le " t,e la3e 2,e! t,e$ >>>>>>.. 9,ear: a l u# t,u!#er.

3. +ra!#"at,er >>>>>>> 9stri3e: a matc, a!# t,e 2 # >>>>>> 9catc,: "ire imme#iatel$. &. T,e mai# >>>>>>>> 9p lis,: t,e cr$stal 5lass 2,e! it su##e!l$ >>>>>>> 9slip: a!# >>>>>>.. 9cras,: t t,e 5r u!#. ?. =r. / !es ........................... 92rite: a prescripti ! 2,e! t,e p, !e ..................... 9ri!5:. A. D u >>>>>>>.. 9li3e: t,e pla$ last !i5,t1 Des i!#ee#6 I >>>>>>> 9t,i!3: it 2as )er$ 2ell acte#. B. I al2a$s >>>>>>> 9carr$: t,e "r !t # r 3e$ i! m$ purse6 %ut m$ ,us%a!# >>>>>>>> 9c !)i!ce: me ! t t . C. E)e! t, u5, Mar3 >>>>>> still >>>>>>.. 9tal3:6 Ea!essa >>>>>>>>>>. 9"all asleep:. '. T,e plum%er >>>>>>>> 9lea)e:6 2,e! t,e l# la#$ "i!all$ >>>>>>> 9 pe!: t,e # r. 17. I8m s rr$6 I >>>>>>>.. 9! t pa$: atte!ti ! t 2,at $ u >>>>>>>>> 9sa$:.

PERFECTUL PRE*ENT (PRESENT PERFECT)

Per"ectul preze!t - FORMA +ave + )arti&i)iu tre&ut (f!rma a III"a vb regu ate %i $eregu ate) Utilizare: Perfe&tu )re,e$t are le5atura clara cu preze!tul6 c,iar #aca este u! timp trecut #i! pu!ct #e )e#ere 5ramatical. 1. actiu!i care au i!ceput i! trecut si s-au termi!at cu puti! i!ai!te #e m me!tul preze!t: I have done m$ , me2 r3. Ca! I 5 ut ! 21 (. actiu!i trecute rece!te ca!# timpul !u este me!ti !at: I have lost m$ a##ress % 3. Have t,e c,il#re! had t,eir #i!!er1 T,e % ss has read $ u rep rt. 3. impreu!a cu urmat arele a#)er%e si e*presii #e timp 9se " l seste pe!tru le5a u! m me!t trecut !e#e"i!it #e preze!t:: just, already, since, for, recently, lately, yet, so far, never before, before now, ever, today, this week, this century, this morning, this evening, in the last few days, in the past month, in recent weeks etc. Has t,e teac,er corrected t,e tests $et1 T,e$ havent been able t # it s "ar. T,ere hasnt been a!$ rai! i! t,e past m !t,. 0,at have $ u # !e t #a$1 Me#ici!e has made 5reat pr 5ress t,is ce!tur$. -OTA: For i!#ica #urata #e timp: /im ,as stu#ie# 3arate for t2 m !t,s.

Since i!#ica pu!ctul #e i!ceput i! timp: Sall$8s %ee! ill since M !#a$.

PERFECTUL PRE*ENT C'NTINU'US)

C'NTINUU

(PRESENT

PERFECT

Per"ectul preze!t c !ti!uu - FORMA Perfe&tu )re,e$t a ui t! be (+ave bee$- +a% bee$) + IN( Utilizare: 1. se " l seste pe!tru actiu!i care au i!ceput i! trecut si c !ti!ua pa!a i! m me!tul preze!t: I have been waiting " r a! , ur a!# t,e museum ,as still ! t pe!e#F Garr$ ca!8t c me ri5,t ! 2: ,e has been cleaning t,e 5ara5e a!# !ee#s a s, 2er. COMPARATI: #i"ere!ta #e se!s i!tre cele # ua timpuri: Mar$ ,as p lis,e# t,e sil)er. 9Mar$ ,as Hust "i!is,e#.: Mar$ ,as %ee! p lis,i!5 t,e sil)er. 9Mar$ ma$ still %e p lis,i!5.:

E<ERCITII
1. F l siti tre&utu %im) u sau )erfe&tu )re,e$t. 1. >..................... $ u e)er ........................ 9rea#: Fra!3 Ger%ert8s I=u!eJ1 (. La#ies a!# 5e!tleme!6 ur spea3er Hust >>>>>>>> 95i)e: us s me )er$ e*citi!5 !e2s. 3. Dester#a$ $ u >>>>>>>> 9ma3e: t,is )er$ same mista3e: 0,$ >>>>> $ u >>>>>>>.. 9repeat: it a5ai! t #a$1 &. >>>>>>> $ u >>>>>>> 9! t 5et tire#: " 2aiti!5 $et1 ?. 0,e! >>>>> t,e 5irls >>>>>>> 9see: t,eir 5 #"at,er last1 A. 0,e! t,e %ell >>>>>>> 9ri!5:6 t,e stu#e!ts >>>>>>>.. 9"eel: relie)e#. B. Latel$ I >>,a)e!t mi!#e# >>>> 9! t mi!#: 5i)i!5 ,im a ,a!# 2it, t,e acc u!ts6 %ut last $ear I trul$ >>,ate#>>> 9,ate: it. C. I # !8t 3! 2 2,ere ,e is. I >>>>>>>> 9! t see: ,im " r a5es. '. 0,e! =ia!e "i!all$ >>>>>>> 9meet: ,er % ss6 s,e >>>>>>> 9"eel: !er) us. 17. >>>>>>> $ u e)er >>>>>>> 9%e: t t,e Austria! Alps1 O, $es6 I >>>>>>>> 9spe!#: a 2 !#er"ul 2ee3 t,ere last Au5ust. (. F l siti )erfe&tu )re,e$t sau )erfe&tu )re,e$t &!$ti$uu. 1. 0e8re ,a)i!5 a test ! t,e Gist r$ " S ci l 5$ !e*t Fri#a$. 0e >>>>>>>>>> 9stu#$: it i! t,e past "e2 2ee3s. (. T,e$ Hust >>>>>>>> 95i)e: t,eir !e2 %a%$ a !ame. T,e$ >>>>>> 9#eci#e: t call ,im Orla!# .

3. T,e pe ple i! t,is %uil#i!5 are ! t )er$ "rie!#l$. 0e >>>>>>>> 9li)e: ,ere " r "i)e $ears a!# 2e still # !8t 3! 2 a!$% #$. &. Please as3 t,e m )ers t %e care"ul. T,e "ur!iture >>>>>>>> 9%e: i! per"ect c !#iti ! " r $ears. ?. T,is a!ti4ue >>>>>>>> 9%el !5: t m$ "amil$ " r 5e!erati !s. A. Alicia is %e5i!!i!5 t l 3 li3e a s3elet !. S,e >>>>>>>>>> 9#iet: ! !-st p si!ce last $ear. B. It8s "reezi!5 i! ,ere. T,e air c !#iti !i!5 >>>>>>>> 92 r3: " r , urs. I 2is, $ u 2 ul# tur! it "". C. T,e$ >>>>>>>> 9appreciate: $ ur last )isits. '. 0,at ! eart, >>>>>>> $ u >>>>>>>> 9# :1 D u l 3 a! a%s lute mess. Please 5 a!# 5et clea!e# up %e" re #i!!er. 17. Latel$6 I >>>>>>>>> 95i)e up: eati!5 meat. Adva$&ed ./ '&t# 0112

MAI MULT CA PERFECTUL (PAST PERFECT)

Mai mult ca per"ectul - FORMA +ad + )arti&i)iu tre&ut Utilizare: Mai mu t &a )erfe&tu este trecutul per"ectului preze!t. 1. se " l seste la "el ca per"ectul preze!t i! CORESPO-=E-TA TIMPURILOR. C mparati: Perfe&tu )re,e$t: Larr$8s 2i"e is 4uite 2 rrie#: s,e hasnt heard "r m ,im " r se)eral #a$s. Mai mu t &a )erfe&tu : Larr$8s 2i"e 2as 4uite 2 rrie#: s,e hadnt heard "r m ,is " r se)eral #a$s. (. pe!tru a su%li!ia ca actiu!e trecuta a a)ut l c i!ai!tea u!ei alte actiu!i trecute: A"ter t,e illustrat r had finished6 t,e % 3 2as "i!all$ rea#$ " r pu%licati !. Seei!5 t,at t,eir m t,er had fallen ill6 t,e c,il#re! 5re2 #epresse#. -OTA: Ca!# !u este !ecesara su%li!ierea succesiu!ii e)e!ime!tel r sau ca!# este clar ca actiu!e s-a petrecut i!ai!tea celeilalte6 se " l sesc # ua trecuturi simple. T !$ felt relie)e# 2,e! ,e passed t,e e*am. T,e e*ecuti !er waited u!til t,e pris !er finished sm 3i!5 ,is last ci5arette.

MAI MULT CA PERFECTUL C'NTINUU (PAST PERFECT C'NTINU'US)

Mai mult ca per"ectul c !ti!uu - FORMA +ad bee$ + IN(

Utilizare: 1. se " l seste la "el ca per"ectul preze!t c !ti!uu6 !umai ca se!sul este mutat mai #emult i! trecut 9)ezi CORESPO-=E-TA TIMPURILOR:: Perfe&tu )re,e$t &!$ti$uu: It is time t st p. Gillar$ has been working ! !-st p si!ce %rea3"astF Mai mu t &a )erfe&tu &!$ti$uu: It 2as time t st p. Gillar$ had been working ! !-st p si!ce %rea3"astF (. p ate e*prima actiu!e trecuta repatata6 care a #urat pa!a la u! m me!t #at i! timp: M$ "at,er had been getting up at #a$%rea3 u!til ,is acci#e!t. I had been calling ,er e)er$ e)e!i!5 u!til 2e 4uarrele#.

E<ERCITII
1. F l siti )erfe&tu )re,e$t sau mai mu t &a )erfe&tu . 1. Oli)ia 2as surprise# t meet L u: s,e ................................ 9! t see: ,im si!ce ,i5, sc, l. (. T,e , use 2as i! c mplete #isarra$K it 2as e)i#e!t t,at t,e %ur5lars Hust >>>>>>> 9le"t:. 3. It8s l )el$ utsi#e. It !e)er >>>>>>> 9%e: t,is 2arm i! Marc, %e" re. &. Mr. a!# Mrs. 0est 2ere 2ell 3! 2! mem%ers " t,e c mmu!it$. T,e$ >>>>>>>> 9li)e: i! Arli!5t ! si!ce t,eir marria5e. ?. T,e$ certai!l$ l 3e# surprise#F T,e$ e)er >>>>>>>> 9! t eat: "r 5 le5s %e" re1 A. T #a$ >>>>>>> 9%e: a l !5 #a$: I >>>>>>>> 9clea!: t,e , use "r m t p t % tt m. - 2 I ca! "i!all$ rela*. (. F l siti )erfe&tu )re,e$t6 )erfe&tu )re,e$t &!$ti$uu6 mai mu t &a )erfe&tu sau mai mu t &a )erfe&tu &!$ti$uu. 1. 0,e! ,e "i!all$ t 3 t,e " rei5! ser)ice e*am6 ,e ............................ 9lear!: /apa!ese " r te! $ears. (. It seems #i""icult t %elie)e t,at 2e >>>>>>>>> 9! t 5 ut: " r suc, a l !5 time. 3. T,e carpet is c )ere# 2it, t r! up paper. Garr$ >>>>>>>>>> 92 r3: ! ,is % 3 a5ai!. &. T,e e!tire , use 2as spar3li!5. T,e c,il#re! >>>>>>>>> 9clea!: it t, r u5,l$ t 2elc me t,eir m t,er , me "r m t,e , spital. ?. All t,e C=s 2ere scattere# a% ut. It 2as %)i us t,at Mic,ael >>>>>>>> 9liste!: t music i!stea# " 2al3i!5 t,e # 5s. A. - !e " us 3!e2 " r sure , 2 muc, t,e % ss >>>>>>>> 9pa$: Sam " r t,e e*tra 2 r3.