Espaol 2 examen final

Repaso Unidad 4-7 Avancemos 1

CONJUGATING VERBS IN THE PRESENT TENSE

Regular verbs, Stem changing verbs, and Irregular verbs

Present tense endings -ar verbs

o
as a

amos
is an

Present tense endings -er verbs

o
es e

emos
is en

Present tense endings -ir verbs

o
es

imos
s

en

Stem Changing Verbs

Stem changing verbs have a change in their stem when conjugated. They are called boot verbs because they do not change in the stems of the nosotros and vosotros forms they look like a boot!

Types of Stem Changers

e ie
querer, cerrar, empezar, entender, pensar, preferir

o ue
poder, almorzar, costar, dormir, encontrar, volver

ei
pedir, servir

u ue
jugar

OJO! The stem change never occurs in the nosotros or vosotros forms.

e-i stem changing verb

o ue stem changer

SER VS. ESTAR

Ser vs. Estar

Both of these verbs mean to be in English, but they are not used interchangeably. Also, these verbs are both irregular verbs when conjugating them. Lets see how to conjugate them

Estar & Ser

Estoy Ests Est

Estamos Estis Estn

Soy Eres Es

Somos Sois Son

To be or the other to be?

DOCTOR = SER Description Occupation Characteristic Time Origin Relationship

PLACE = ESTAR Position Location Action Condition Emotion

Recuerdas?

How you feel and where you are is when you use the verb estar. What youre like and where youre from is when you use the other one. Estar: temporary states Ser: permanent characteristics

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DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

Direct Object Pronouns

DOPs can be used to replace direct object nouns

Direct Object Nouns: the noun that receives the action of the verb
Ex) My mother called the doctor.
Verb: called Direct object noun: the doctor Direct object pronoun: him My mother called him.

Direct Object Pronouns

Use these pronouns to replace direct object nouns in sentences.

Singular
Me Te Nos Os

Plural

Lo
La

Los
Las

Direct object pronouns are placed directly after the conjugated verb, or they are attached to the end of an infinitive.

Por ejemplo

Quiero comprar zapatos.

Noun: zapatos Pronoun: los

Quiero la camisa azul.

Noun: camisa Pronoun: la

La quiero.

Los quiero comprar. Quiero comprarlos

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IRREGULAR VERBS & T COMMANDS

Verbos Irregulares

DAR = To Give Doy Das Da Damos Dais Dan

DECIR = TO SAY Digo Dices Dice Decimos Decs Dicen

Verbos Irregulares

PONER = TO PUT Pongo Pones Pone Ponemos Ponis Ponen

SALIR = TO LEAVE Salgo Sales Sale Salimos Sals Salen

Verbos Irregulares

TRAER = TO BRING Traigo Traes Trae Traemos Trais Traen

VENIR = TO COME Vengo Venimos Vienes Viene Vens Vienen

Verbos Irregulares

HACER = TO DO/TO MAKE Hago Haces Hace Hacemos Hacis Hacen

TENER = TO HAVE Tengo Tienes Tiene Tenemos Tenis Tienen

Verbos Irregulares

SER = TO BE Soy Eres Es Somos Sois Son

IR = TO GO Voy Vas Va Vamos Vais Van

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Affirmative t commands are used to tell someone what to do. To form regular t commands, use the l/ella/usted form of the present tense verbs. Some verbs with an irregular yo form have irregular t command forms.

Ven : come Ten : have Pon : put Sal : leave Haz : do / make Di : tell / say S : be Ve : go

Irregular T Commands

If you use a command with a direct object pronoun, attach the pronoun to the end. Add an accent if the original command is two or more syllables.

Commands with Pronouns

Cierra la ventana! (close the window) Cirrala! (close it)
add the accent to the second to last syllable
ci / e / rra

Pon la mesa! (set the table) Ponla! (set it)

If the command is only one syllable, no accent is needed.
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SABER VS. CONOCER

Conjuguemos!

S Sabes Sabe

Sabemos Sabis Saben

Conozco Conoces Conoce

Conocemos Conocis Conocen

Saber & Conocer = To Know

Saber is used to talk about knowing

how to do something facts / information

Conocer is used to talk about knowing

people places things

To talk about meeting someone, conjugate querer and use conocer in the infinitive form. DONT FORGET THE PERSONAL A Ex) Quiero conocer a Julieta.

Hints for Help

Use saber if you see

infinitive verb que, quien, donde, mucho, a que

Use conocer if you see

personal a capital letters querer
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EL PRETRITO

Verb Endings

-ar aste amos asteis aron iste i

-er/-ir imos isteis ieron

Cuidado!

There is a spelling change in the yo form of verbs that end in car/-gar/-zar

car qu gar gu zar c

Los Irregulares!!
Hacer: To do / To make Ir: To go & Ser: To be

Hice Hiciste Hizo

Hicimos Hicisteis Hicieron

Fui Fuiste Fue

Fuimos Fuisteis Fueron

AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE WORDS

Las Palabras

Use an affirmative or a negative word when you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation. You must memorize the meanings of these words in English.

Algo / Nada something/nothing Alguien / Nadie someone/no one Algn / Ningn some / none Siempre / Nunca always / never Tambin / Tampoco also / neither Oo / Ni ni either or / neither nor

Nota Gramtical

Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) must match the gender and number of the noun they replace or modify. When placed directly in front of a masculine, singular noun, the o is dropped and they become algn and ningn

PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

M
Los pronombres

N o s o t r o s
V o s o t r o s E E l l l l o a s s

Pronouns that follow prepositions are the same as subject pronouns except for yo and t.

Ti l Ella Usted

U s t e d e s

When used with con, m and ti change *with me = conmigo *with you = contigo