Equations

Slice Selection : Better Approximation : ideal O2 D (x, y ) =

3D

(x, y, z) (z zs )dz

z zs dz O2 D (x, y ) = O3D (x, y, z)TopHat 1 z 2

Radon Transform :
~

P (, z) =

O(x, y)(x cos( ) + y sin( ) + z)

dx

Fourier Transform : g(k ) = Central Slice Theorem :

G(x)e

ikx

k z = k x cos( ) + ky sin( ) z = x cos( ) + y sin( ) Or (x, y ) = 1

Back Projection :

P (, z)d
0 ~

Map :

O r (k x , k y )= P (, k z ) where k z = kx cos( ) + k y sin( )

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

The PSF associated with the simple Bach projection is: PSF Or (x, y ) = O(x, y )
BF

1 r

1 x2 + y2

where Or (x, y ) = B{P (, z)} and B = 1

P ( x cos( ) + y sin( ))d

1 0

Or (x, y ) 1 3 4 2 4

O(x, y ) 123

1 x2 + y2 1 4 24 3 1 k

Or (k x , k y ) so

O(k x , k y )

O(k x , k y ) = k Or (k x , k y )

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

1. 2. P ( , z) =

O(x, y )(x cos( ) + y sin( ) z)dxdy

Equate the z axis with a tilted reference frame x ' || z, y ' z and x ' = x cos( ) + y sin( ) x = x ' cos( ) y ' sin( ) y = x ' sin( ) + y ' cos( )

3.

Substitute # 2 into #1 and change integral to dx ' dy ' (still over all space) P ( , z) =

O(x cos( ) y sin( ), x sin( ) + y cos( ))(x z)dx dy

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

'

4.

Integrate along x ' and note that z is only a point along the x ' axis. P , x ' =

( ) O(x cos( ) y sin( ), x sin( ) + y cos( ))dy

) (
O x ' cos( ) y ' sin( ), x ' sin( ) + y ' cos( ) e

5.

Fourier Transform along x ' p , kx ' =

~

ix ' k

x'

dx ' dy '

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

6. Transform back to the (x, y ) coordinate system p , kx ' = 7.
~

) O(x, y )e

i(x cos( )+ y sin( ))k

x'

dxdy

Define the tilted k space coordinate system. k x = k x ' cos( ) ky ' sin( ) k y = k x ' sin( ) k y ' cos( )

8.

Rewrite # 6 as p , kx ' = p( , kz ) =
~ ~

) O(x, y )e

i k ' cos( ) k ' sin( ) x i k ' sin( )+ k ' cos( ) y y y x x

dxdy

k ' =0
y

O(x, y )e ik xe ik y dxdy
x y y

k ' =0
y

= F2 D {O(x, y )} k ' = 0

The Central Slice Theorem

Consider a 2-dimensional example of an emission imaging system. O(x,y) is the object function, describing the source distribution. The projection data, is the line integral along the projection direction.
P 0o, y =

( ) O(x, y )dx

The Central Slice Theorem can be seen as a consequence of the separability of a 2-D Fourier Transform.
o(kx , k y )=
~

O(x, y)e

ikx x iky y

dxdy

The 1-D Fourier Transform of the projection is,

p(ky ) =
~

P (0 , y)e = O(x, y )e = O(x, y )e

o

iky y

dy

iky y

dxdy e dxdy

iky y i 0 x

= o(0, ky )

The Central Slice Theorem

The one-dimensional Fourier transformation of a projection obtained at an angle J, is the same as the radical slice taken through the two-dimensional Fourier domain of the object at the same angle.
O(x, y )

Radon transform

P , y '

( )

2D FT

1D FT

o(kx , k y )

p , k y '

( )