Name

Class

Date

Assessment

Chapter Test B
Circular Motion and Gravitation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. What term describes a change in the speed of an object in circular motion? a. tangential speed c. centripetal acceleration b. tangential acceleration d. centripetal force ______ 2. When a car makes a sharp left turn, what causes the passengers to move toward the right side of the car? a. centripetal acceleration c. centrifugal force b. centripetal force d. inertia ______ 3. Two small masses that are 10.0 cm apart attract each other with a force of 10.0 N. When they are 5.0 cm apart, these masses will attract each other with what force? (G 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2) a. 5.0 N c. 20.0 N b. 2.5 N d. 40.0 N ______ 4. How would the speed of Earths orbit around the sun change if Earths distance from the sun increased by 4 times? a. It would increase by a factor of 2. b. It would increase by a factor of 4. c. It would decrease by a factor of 2. d. The speed would not change. ______ 5. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The farther the force is from the axis of rotation, the more torque is produced. b. The closer the force is to the axis of rotation, the more torque is produced. c. The closer the force is to the axis of rotation, the easier it is to rotate the object. d. The farther the force is from the axis of rotation, the less torque is produced. ______ 6. If the torque required to loosen a nut on a wheel has a magnitude of 40.0 Nm and the force exerted by a mechanic is 133 N, how far from the nut must the mechanic apply the force? a. 1.20 m c. 30.1 cm b. 15.0 cm d. 60.2 cm

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Chapter Test

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Chapter Test B continued

______ 7. An iron bar is used to lift a slab of cement. The force applied to lift the slab is 4.0 102 N. If the slab weighs 6400 N, what is the mechanical advantage of the bar? a. 1.6 c. 6000 b. 16 d. 6.3% SHORT ANSWER
8. Two horses are side by side on a carousel. Which has a greater tangential speedthe one closer to the center or the one farther from the center? Explain your answer.

9. Show how the equation for centripetal force can be derived by substituting the equation for centripetal acceleration into Newtons second law.

10. Earth exerts a 1.0 N gravitational force on an apple. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force the apple exerts on Earth?

t1 A1 Sun A2 t2

11. What law does the diagram shown above illustrate?

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Chapter Test

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Chapter Test B continued

12. How did Newton use Keplers laws?

13. How will an object move if it is acted on by a positive net torque and a net force of zero?

14. Explain how the operation of a simple machine alters the applied force and the distance moved.

PROBLEM
15. A car on a roller coaster loaded with passengers has a mass of 2.0 103 kg. At the lowest point of the track, the radius of curvature of the track is 24 m and the roller car has a tangential speed of 17 m/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of the roller car at the lowest point on the track?

16. What force is exerted on the roller car in item 15 by the track at the lowest point?

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Chapter Test B continued

17. Two trucks with equal mass are attracted to each other with a gravitational force of 6.7 104 N. The trucks are separated by a distance of 3.0 m. What is the mass of one of the trucks? (G 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2)

18. Show how the constant of proportionality in Keplers third law can be found by equating gravitational force and the centripetal force in a circular orbit.

19. A new moon is discovered orbiting Neptune with an orbital speed of 9.3 103 m/s. Neptunes mass is 1.0 1026 kg. What is the radius of the new moons orbit? What is the orbital period? Assume that the orbit is circular. (G 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2)

20. A force of 4.0 N is applied to a door at an angle of 60.0 and a distance of 0.30 m from the hinge. What is the torque produced?

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Chapter Test