osenener Theories of Culture Chases and Ceca Wigley in Postmodern Times Marvin Harris ATRIA ADivison of Sage Publications, Inc ‘Walnut Creek London * New DelhiCope 199 Ati Frey. ron f See Pub ations Alvis, No pat isook ay De reed orien ay rm ory ay ee mes nt ete ong on ISBN 019.9208 (dS 0409. 20-6 ow atte Hinchey 5 trophy Tie Contents [About the Author 17 Preface and Acknowledgments 13 PARTI Chapter Chapter? CONCEPTUALIZING CULTURE 17 Whats (Are) Cature()? 19 Definitions 19 Emes 20 (Culture a Kes and Behavior 22 ‘Animal Cultures 25 What Guides Ideas? 25 No Consensus 28 Emicsand ties 31 ‘Whose Community of Observer? 33 SubjectiveObjetive 34 Tnside/Outsider 35 Cogsized/Operationsl 36 Mental/Behavoral 36 metic ve, MentallBehavioral_ 37 Dead Participants 38 How" Natives" Think bout Captain Cook for Example 38 Emics and Eis of Behavior 39 Are Bicand Emic Accounts Always Different? 40 ‘The Rejection of Ets 41 An Ethnographic Disaster 43 Sacred Cow Revisited 44 ‘The importance of tics 45 Ble Accounts Needed fr Prediction «7Chapter Chapters PARTI Chapters Chapters ‘TheNature of Cultural Things 49 Methodologies lis and Methodological Indvidulsm 49 ‘Metaphysical Hocus Pocus SL Physical Reality 52 Foundations of Supraindividual Holm 54 Holism and Individualism Need Each Other 55 Science, Objectivity Morality 57 Putting the Observe inthe Picture 57 ‘The Unity of Science and Morality 58 The Importance of Geting t Right 60 Critzal Anthropology 6 Getting Ie Wrong. 62 BIOLOGY AND CULTURE. 65 De-Hiologizing Culture: The Bossins 67 Racilogy, Eugenics, Hereditacanism 67 Opposition to Bivlogized Theories of Culture 69 (Confronting the Emice of Race 73, ace and Disease 76 Biologiing Inequality 79 The American Class Structure According to Hecrstein and Murray 79 ‘The Rise ofthe Custodial State 81 IQisDestiny 8 Low IQ Causes Social Pathologie vs, Soci] Pathoogies Cause Low 1Q 83 Learning to Live with Inequality 85 Valued Paces "86 Increasing the Number of Valued Places 86 Chapter? Chapters Chapter9 Policy Recommendations 88 [egleted Causes and Processes 89 IQIsNotForever 93 IQand Race 93 Problems of Research Design 93, ‘The Fynn Beet 95 IQ Studies and Politics 96 [Neo-Darwinism 99 ‘Neo-Darwinism and Cultural Selection 99 Cltoral Selection Does Not Always Favor ReproductiveSuccess 100 ‘Measuring Reproductive Success 102 Alternative Theories 104 ‘AMiseading Analogy 106 Confronting Bthnomania 111 Ethnomania 111 Origins of Ehromania 112 Descentand Social Races 113 Bthnicty 14 The Struggle for Ethnic and Racal Empowerment 115 AGocentic Ethnomania 116 Inventing Afscan History 117 ‘The Solen-Cutute Myth 118 Egyptian Colors 119 Why AicaLags 120 ‘The Development of Underdevelopment 122 Meladin Theory 123 Albino Theory 123 Teeman Theory 127