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WHAT IS A MUTUAL FUND?

A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common investment objective
IN turn buy assets

Mutual help of subscribers for portfolio investment and management of these investments by experts in the field. It offers a proportionate claim on portfolio of assets that fluctuates in value with the value of the assets that make up portfolio.

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

LEGAL STRUCTURE
FUND SPONSPOR/SETTLOR KOTAK MAHINDRA FINANCE LTD.

TRUST KOTAK MAHINDRA MUTUAL FUND TRUSTEE KOTAK MAHINDRA TRUSTEE CO. LTD. UNIT HOLDERS INVESTMENT MANAGER & ADVISOR KOTAK MAHINDRA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO. LTD.

Contd
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

LEGAL STRUCTURE
INVESTMENT MANAGER & ADVISOR KOTAK MAHINDRA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO. LTD.

APPOINTS CUSTODIANS REGISTRARS

BANKS
DISTRIBUTORS

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

Working of a Mutual Fund


INVESTORS Passed back to RETURNS
INVESTORS GET A BLEND OF LIQUIDITY RETURNS & SAFETY
MUTUAL FUND LARGE CORPORATE SPECIALISTS MANAGE

Pool their money with

FUND MANAGEMENT

Generate

Invest in

PORTFOLIO YIELDS HIGH RETURN TO MFs


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SECURITIES

INVEST IN BALANCED PORTFOLIO

Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS


Type of Mutual Fund Schemes Investment Objective Special Schemes

Structure Open Ended Funds

Growth Funds Income Funds

Industry Specific Schemes

Close Ended Funds Interval Funds

Index Schemes
Sectoral Schemes

Balanced Funds
Money Market Funds

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ENDED OPEN FOR ALL THE YEAR MIN SUBS AMT 50CR NO DURATION REFUNDED IF MIN SUBS NOT ACHIEVED REPURCHASED ANY TIME REDEEMED AT NAV & LOAD FACTOR RANGES (4% TO 6%) AS REPURCHSED SO NOT LISTED AT STOCK EX TRADED AS PERMITTED LOT DIVID MAY /MAY NOT SWITCHOVER ALLOWED 21-7

CLOSE ENDED OPEN FOR FIXED PERIOD MIN SUBS AMT 20CR DURATION (5TO7 YEARS) REFUNDED IF MIN AMT NOT ACHIEVED MAY BE REPURCHASED (AFTER 2 TO 3 YRS) REDEMPTION SPECIFIED & DONE AT NAV - SERVICE CHARGE LISTED AT STOCK EX DIVID MAY/MAY NOT BE SWITCHOVER ALLOWED Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

WHY INVEST IN MUTUAL FUNDS?


SAVE

THROUGH MUTUAL FUNDS

INVEST THROUGH MUTUAL FUNDS


Have

Park

surpluses

a long term objective

Short
Easy Tax

term investment
liquidity

Profile Select

your risk

appropriate MF scheme, based on risk return requirement of equity and debt

benefits

Mix

Invest

regularly/with flexibility

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

BENEFITS OF MUTUAL FUNDS


Professional

Management & Analysis Diversification & Divisibility Across Companies & Sectors Liquidity Entry & Exit at NAV Transparency Regular disclosures Convenient Administration (Record Keeping) Low Costs of operations (Lower transaction cost) Choice of schemes. Well Regulated. (By SEBI)

INVESTMENT OPTIONS
Instrument
Bank Deposits
ICDs Call (thro PDs) T-Bills

Tenure
7 days to 1 yr.
<180 days Overnight <12 months

Pre-Tax Returns
6% - 12%
9% - 11% 6.5% - 9% 7% - 9%

Risk
Low
Medium Low Price Risk

Liquidity
Possible by breaking FD at cost
No secondary mkt. Routed thro PDs High

Mutual Funds
Liquid Bond Serial Overnight to 1 month 1 month 12 months Over 1 year 8% to 9.5% 9% 10.5% 9% - 10% No Low Credit No price risk High High High

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

RIGHTS AS A MUTUAL FUND UNITHOLDER


Receive statement of accounts within 6 weeks from the date your request is received by the Mutual Fund Receive information about the investment policies, objectives, financial position and general affairs of the scheme

Receive dividend within 30 days of their declaration, receive redemption proceeds within 10 days from the date of the valid redemption
Vote in accordance with the Regulations to: - change the Asset Management Company - wind up the schemes. To receive communication from the Trustee about change in the fundamental attributes of any scheme
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS)

MUTUAL FUND (REGISTERED WITH SEBI) MEANS: A FUND ESTABLISHED IN THE FORM OF TRUST

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

Constitutents of MF
Sponsors Custodians Trustees Asset Management Companies

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

AMC
Fund Manager R & D Cell Underwriter Dealer

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

Functions of Asset Mgts. Co.


Lead Manager Investment Advisors Legal Advisors Fund Accounting Registration and transfer of assets.

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

Process
Setting investment objectives Identification of specific securities Portfolio designing Reviewing the portfolio

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

Efficiency Indicators of a Mutual Fund


Net Asset value (NAV) Returns Disclosures Load Voting right to investors Investors Safeguards

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MANAGING A MUTUAL FUND


Pre-issue Post Issue

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS)

BY A SPONSOR
BODY CORPORATE WHO ACTING ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANOTHER BODY CORPORATE FLOATS THE IDEA OF SETTING UP OF MUTUAL FUND ESTABLISHES MUTUAL FUND IN FORM OF TRUST

TRUST DEED EXECUTED WITH BOARD OF TRUSTEES


REGISTERS IT WITH SEBI 40% CONTRIBUTION TO AMC
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS

STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS) TO RAISE MONIES BY TRUSTEES


HOLDG PROPERTY OF MF IN TRUST FOR BENEFIT OF UNIT HOLDERS

THROUGH THE SALE OF UNITS


REPRESENTING ONE UNDIVIDED SHARE IN THE ASSETS OF A SCHEME

FOR INVESTING IN SECURITIES APPLICATION FEES:5000; REGISTRATION FEES:10 LACS; ANNUAL FEES : 1 LAC

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES(MUTUAL FUND TRUST)

MF TO BE CONSTITUTED IN FORM OF MF TRUST


MANAGED BY A BOARD OF TRUSTES IN WHOSE

FAVOUR TRUST DEED IS EXECUTED BY SPONSORS


50% MEMBERS NOT AFFILIATED WITH SPONSORS CONTROLS ALL CAPITAL PROPERTY OF MF SCHEMES/ HOLDS THEM IN TRUST FOR HOLDERS

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES(MUTUAL FUND TRUST)

APPOINTS AMCs
ENSURES SCHEMES FLOATED & MANAGED BY

AMC ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH TRUST DEED

POWER TO OBTAIN REPORT/DISMISS AMC

AN AMC NOT TO ACT AS TRUSTEE OF ANY MF


APPOINT CUSTODIAN &SUPERVISE ITS ACTIVITIES

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUND TRUST LIST) ALLIANZ CAPITAL & MGT SERVICES LTD ANZ GRINDLAYS BANK TIMES MUTUAL FUNDS UNIT TRUST OF INDIA VLS FINANCE LTD. KOTAK MAHINDRA FINANCE LTD PRUDENTIAL CAPITAL MARKETS LTD. SBI FUNDS MANAGEMENT LTD CEAT MF & ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY LTD.
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC)

MFs OPERATED BY AMCs -APPTD BY TRUSTEES AMCs & TRUSTEES TWO SEPARATE LEGAL

ENTITIES & ARMS LENGTH RELATIONSHIP MNTD

AMCs TO APPROVE MOA & AOA FROM SEBI

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS
STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC)

AMCs MIN NW 5 CR (40% CONTRIB BY SPOSORS)

50% MEMBERS FROM OUTSIDE


CANT ACQUIRE OUTSIDE THE SCHEME PROPERTY

DISCLOSE REPURCHASE PRICE/NAV OF SCHEMES

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS

STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC LIST) 20TH CENTURY AMC LTD APPLE ASSET MGT LTD. BOI AMC LTD. CREDIT CAPITAL AMC LTD. GIC AMC LTD. ICICI AMC LTD. ITC PIONEER AMC LTD. MORGAN STANLY AM INDIA LTD. PNB AMC LTD.

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS

STRUCTURAL ISSUES (INVESTMENT MIX) EQUITY SHARES/EQUITY RELATED INSTRTS (CDs)/ DEBT INSTRUMENTS (NCDs, PSBONDS,GOVT SECT)/MONEY MARKET INSTRTS(TBs, CPs & BILLS) 5% CAP FROM ONE SCHEME IN ONE COS SHARE 10% CAP FROM ALL SCHEMES IN ONE COS SHARE 15%CAP FROM ALL SCHEMES IN ONE INDUSTRY
DEBT 5-20% 60-70% 40-50% MONEY MKT 0-10% 0-15% 0-10%

TYPICAL ASSET MIX SCHEME EQUITY GROWTH 70-90% INCOME 20-30% BALANCED 40-60%
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


KEY FINANCIALS

NAV=

M.V OF FUNDS INVESTS+REC+ACCRUED INCOMELIABILITIES-ACCRUED EXP NO. OF SHARES OR UNITS OUTSTANDING

MARKET PRICE: IN CASE OF CLOSE ENDED REPURCHASE/REISSUE PRICE: OPEN ENDED DISCOUNT RATE OF RETURN= NAV AT END-NAV AT BEGINNING +
DIVIDEND PAID NAV AT BEGINNING

INITIAL EXPENSES: CEILING OF 6% RECURRING EXPENSES: MAX 3% OF AV NET ASSETS IN A YEAR

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


KEY FINANCIALS LOADS(CHARGED TO MF SCHEME) THREE TYPES

INITIAL ISSUE EXP (6% OF FUND RAISED)HIDDEN RECURRING EXP (3% MAX OF NET ASSETS) OTHER THAN INITIAL ISSUE EXP/ INCLUDES TRUSTEESHIP FEES /INCLUDES INVST MGT &

ADVISORY FEE OF AMC (1.25% UPTO RS 100 CR


& 1% OVER 100 CR)
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


KEY FINANCIALS LOADS(CHARGED TO MF SCHEME) THREE TYPES

AMC CHARGE FOR ISSUE/RECURRING COST(6%) IN OPEN END SCHEME DIFF BETWEEN PURCHASE & SALE PRICE NOT TO EXCEED 7% OF SALE PRICE

BACK END (DISCOUNT TO NAV) DEDUCTED DURING REPURCHASE/REDEMPTION

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A NO-LOAD FUND (20 LACS UNITS ISSUED)
VALUE OF SECURITIES HELD IN PORTFOLIO 500 LACS CASH IN HAND OF MUTUAL FUND 10 LACS TOTAL ASSETS 510 LACS LESS : OUTSTANDING LIABILITIES 110 LACS TOTAL NET ASSETS 400 LACS THUS NAV = Rs 400 LACS =RS 20 PER UNIT UNITS 20 LACS IF 10,000 NEW UNITS ISSUED AT NAV OF RS 20 PER UNIT THUS NAV = ^TOTAL ASSETS =RS 4,02,00,000= RS 20 PER UNIT ^UNITS UNITS 20,10,000 THUS NAV DOES NOT VARY DUE TO SELING OR BUYING NAV VARIES ON ANY VARIATION OF MARKET PRICES OF SECURITIES HELD IN THE PORTFOLIO OF MF
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A NO-LOAD FUND
NAV VARIES ON ANY VARIATION OF MARKET PRICES OF SECURITIES HELD IN THE PORTFOLIO OF MF NAV=(RS 6 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0.5
16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST

IF VALUE OF EQUITY IS DOUBLED, NAV SHIFTS NAV=(RS 12 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0.875
16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST

IF VALUE OF EQUITY IS HALFED THEN THE NEW NAV IS NAV=(RS 3 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0.3125
16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST

IN ABOVE, FUND SHOULD SWITCH FROM AGGRESSIVE TO DEFENSIVE INVEST TO AVOID RAPID EROSION OF NAV INVEST IN DEBT INSTRTS MAY BE ONE SOLUTION

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A LOAD FUND (20 LACS UNITS ISSUED)


IF MF IS A 4% FRONT LOAD FUND THEN NAV=NAV(OF NO-LOAD FUND) PER UNIT/1-% OF LOAD = RS 20= RS 20 = RS 20 = RS 20.80 AS CALLED OFFERING 1-4% 1-4/100 0.96 HERE OFFER PRICE (SALE PRICE) WILL BE 20.80 PER UNIT

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

BID PRICE (REPURCHASE PRICE) WILL BE RS 20.00 PER UNIT

DIFFRENCE BETWEEN OFFER & BID PRICE IS 4% i.e. 80 PAISE IS CALLED SPREAD PAID TO FUND
THERE IS A TWO WAY QUOTE PROVIDED BY IN OPEN FUND

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

KEY FINANCIALS MARS, PVT SECTOR MF LAUNCHED A GROWTH SCHEME WITH AN INITIAL TARGET OF Rs 100 CR. DEPLOYMENT OF FUNDS IS TO CONFIRM THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION EQUITY 70%, DEBT 25% MONEY MARKET 5% INITIAL EXPENSES 4% DEBT COMPONENT INVESTED EQUALLY IN AAA & AA RATED INSTRUMENTS AT 18% & 20% RESPECTIVELY EQUITY PORTION INVESTED IN SENSEX SCRIPS AV. YIELD ON MONEY MARKET COMPONENT WAS 8% SENSEX WAS AT 3800 & AT TIME OF INVEST IS AT 2900 AFTER ONE YEAR DEBT & MONEY MKT INSTRTS VALUED AT COST RECURRING EXP MET OUT OF INCOME EARNED ON DEBT & MONEY MKT INSTRTS (assume 3% on size of fund)
COMPUTE NAV & SALE PRICE IF FRONT LOAD FACTOR IS 5%

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY


PASSING THROUGH CRITICAL PHASE LIVING DEAD IN STOCK MARKETS LOST INVESTORS CONFIDENCE UTTER FAILURE IN INDIA

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

FEW EVIDENCES SHRIRAM ASSET MGT CO FINED (JUN 96) MORGAN STANLEY FINED (2/6/97)

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

RESORTING TO SHORT SALES PRICE RIGGING IN BHEL SCRIPS RENDERING PORTFOLIO MGT SERV TO GROUPS

CANSTAR UNABLE TO PURCHASE AT PROMISED NAV LIC MF HAD TO PURCHASE AT PROMISED NAV & BOOK THE LOSS TO AMC

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND MONITOR


Particulars Growth Income Balanced Total

No. of Schemes Schemes giving -ve returns on annualised basis Schemes giving single digit annualised returns Schemes giving double digit annualised returns Source: Business Today
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98 50 31 17

28 01 10 17

32 02 12 18

158 53 53 52

Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND MONITOR


INSTITUTIONS 1994-95 1995-96 1998-99

UTI Private Sector Public Sector TOTAL Source: Business Today

8120 1216 949

2470 375 327

860 115 156 1,131

10,285 3,172

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPEARATION


FAILED IN ALL CHAINS OF OPERATIONS

INVESTORS SERVICE
THE CHAIN OF OPERATION

PRODUCT DESIGN

PRODUCT MARKETING

OUT SOURCING
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FUND MANAGEMENT

Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


PRODUCT DESGIN
INNOVATION SUPERIOR DESIGN

ADAPATABILITY

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


PRODUCT DESIGN DID LITTLE TO INNOVATE WITH INNOVATION 70% SCHEMES CLOSE END WITH POOR RETURNS UTI STILL CONTINUES WITH PLAIN VANILLAS INNOVATION ONLY IN OPEN END SCHEMEDS TIME TO DESIGN SECTOR, LOCATION BASED MFs

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


PRODUCT DESIGN- PACKAGED POTFOLIO MODEL KNOW BEFOREHAND Cos WERE INVEST BE MADE PORTFOLIO TO CONSIST OF 50 BLUE CHIP Cos WHICH HAVE CREATED ENORMOUS WEALTH TO HOLDERS & THEIR MKT CAP HAVE INCREASED FLEXIBILITY TO TIME INVESTMENTS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF PRICE MOVEMENTS FUND INITIALLY TO BE OPEN ENDED AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTED INTO CLOSE ENDED ONCE THE INVESTMENT CEILING IS ACVD
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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


PRODUCT MARKETING COST AGGRESSIVE MARKETING UPFRONT COST

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


PRODUCT MARKETING COST & ETHICS ARE TWO IMPORATNT FACTORS UPFRONT COST BORNE BY INVESTOR OR AMC UTI CANT AGGRESSIVELY MARKET ITS PRODUCT MORGAN STANLEY MADE MFs AS IPOs & ALL NUANCES OF IPOs WERE BROUGHT IN

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


FUND MANAGEMENT CAPITAL PROTECTION MARKET TIMING ASSET QUALITY

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


FUND MANAGEMENT NON-QUALIFIED, UNPROFESSNL FUND MANAGERS LOOK MFs AS ANOTHER EQUITY PRODUCT IGNORE ASSET ALLOCATION, PORTFOLIO, TURNOVER & COST NO QICK ASSET REALLOCATION ON TIME DONT INCLUDE HIGH LIQUID BLUE CHIP STOCKS NOT BALANCING RISK RETURN EXPECTATION OF INVESTORS

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION

FUND MANAGEMENT- SUGGESTED MODEL PROTECT CAPITAL FROM EROSION ALTERNATIVELY GUARANTEE CAPITAL SAFETY POSSESS EXCELLLENT RESEARCH CAPABILITIES TO ENSURE MARKET TIMING INVESTMENT STRATEGY FORMULATION FOLLOW APPROPRIATE ASSET ALLOCATION MODEL SUITING FUNDS OBJECTIVE QUICKLY RESTRURE ASSET ALOCATION ON NEED ENSURE QUALITY OF ASSETS BE IT EQTY OR DEBT ENSURE ECONOMICAL COST OF OPERATIONS BE IT MANAGEMENT FEES OR OTHER EXPENSES

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


OUTSOURCING COST CONTROL FLEXIBILITY CHOICE

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION

OUTSOURCING NEW CONCEPT THAN TO DO THINGS IN HOUSE ENDORSED AS A GREAT COST CUTTING MEASURE CONVERTS FIXED COSTS TO VARIABLE COSTS ABROAD OUTSOURCING 100% FROM PRODUCT DESIGN TO INVESTOR SERVICING YET TO COME IN INDIAN FUND MANAGEMENT ONE AREA MAY BE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


INVESTOR SERVICE CUSTOMER FOCUS BETTER CONFIDENCE EFFICIENT SERVICE

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION


CUSTOMER FOCUS SCANT ATTENTION TO INVESTORS SERVICING IGNORING INVESTORS EDUCATION NOT INCLINED TOWARDS TRANSPARENCY NON DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO LACK LUSTER SHOW ON RETURNS FRONT UNIT HOLDERS NOT TREATED AS CUSTOMERS GOOD SERVICE ATTRACTS MULTIPLE CUSTOMERS MORALE TREAT HIM LIKE CUSTOMER & INVEST IN TECNOLOGY TO REACH HIM FAR & WIDE LESSONS TO LEARN FROM Pvt SECTOR MFs

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Copyright 2002 by Prof. A.K. .Mishra All rights reserved

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