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Chapter 1
Innovation management: an introduction

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Theories and models of innovation management

1.

2.
3. 4.

5.
6. 7.

Introduction Product and process innovations Typology of innovations Different schools of thought Models of understanding of innovation management Implications for developing products and services Summary and review

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Introduction
Innovation management is not exclusively associated with products New ways of doing business in service sector Innovation management involves change, particularly technological change Sometimes this involves product, service and process changes The level of change is an important dimension

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Product technology advantages

Pfizers Sildenfil aka Viagra:
The fastest selling human drug

Gore Associates Gore-Tex:

the versatile polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Dysons vacuum cleaner:

Revolutionised a very stable mature industry

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Process technologies
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) business software; virtually all large firms have installed it. SAP, Oracle, Baan and PeopleSoft. SAP has over 20,000 products installed worldwide and Oracle has installed databases in nearly every one of the worlds top 500 companies. Moreover, it has changed the way they work (Gartner, 2002).

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Typology of innovations
Type of innovation Product innovation Process innovation Example The development of a new or improved product The development of a new manufacturing process such as Pilkingtons float glass process Organisational innovation A new venture division, a new internal communication system; Management innovation TQM (total quality management) systems, BPR (business process re-engineering); introduction of SAPR3 Production innovations Quality circles, JIT manufacturing system, new production planning software, e.g. MRP II, new inspection system Commercial/marketing innovations New financing arrangements, new sales approach, e.g. direct marketing Service innovations ebay; Internet banking, etc.

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Popular view of innovation:

The lone inventor/mad professor.
But, such views lead to misunderstanding. Science does not equal innovation. Innovation is much more than science, e.g. scientific discoveries pre-date commercial products by many years.

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Three key schools of thought:

1. Market-based view of innovation; market conditions provide the context which facilitate or constrain the extent of firm innovation activity (Slater & Narver, 1994; Porter, 1980, 1985). 2. Resource-based view of the firm; a firms own resources provide a much more stable context in which to develop its innovation activity, and to shape its markets in accordance to its own view (Tidd et al., 2001; Shavinina, L.V. (ed.) (2003); Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. 2000). 3. Serendipity Innovation is all due to luck and good fortune
Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Table showing the chronological development of models of innovation

195 0/60s Technology push Simple linear sequential process. Emphasis on R&D. The market is a receptacle for the fruits of R&D. 1970s Market-pull Simple linear sequential process. Emphasis on marketing. The market is the source for directing R&D. R&D has a reactive role. 1980s Coupling model Sequential, but with feedback loops. Combinations of push and pull. 1980/90s 1990 s/00 Interactive model Network models Emphasis on integrating R&D and marketing. Emphasis on external linkages

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Linear models of innovation management

Technology push Research and development

Manufacturing

Marketing

User

Market pull
Marketing

Research and development

Manufacturing

User

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Coupling model of innovation management

Manufacturing

Research and development

Marketing

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Conceptual framework

Creation of new knowledge dominated by universities and large science-based organisations

Technology developmentdominated by organisations

Consumers express their needs and wants through the consumption of products

Science and technology base

Technological developments

Needs of the market

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Innovation management framework

EXTERNAL INPUTS: macro factors ROI costs; competition.

Organisation and business strategy

Organisations knowledge base accumulates knowledge over time

EXTERNAL INPUTS: scientific and technological development; competitors; suppliers; customers; university departments.

EXTERNAL INPUTS: societal needs; competitors; supplier partnerships; distributors; customers; strategic alliances.

Source: Trott, 2005

New products
Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Innovative firm
Apple Google Samsung Procter & Gamble IBM BMW Starbucks Toyota

Explanation for innovative capability

Innovative chief executive Scientific freedom for employees Speed of product development Utilisation of external sources of technology Share patents with collaborators Design In-depth understanding of customers and their cultures Close co-operation with suppliers

Explanations for innovative capability

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Implications for developing products and services

Role of the market is important Role of technology is important Its a cross functional process Role of external linkages and networks are important Skills and knowledge are acquired over time and firms develop competencies

Useful references: Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. (2000) How technological competencies help define the core (not the boundaries) of the firm, in Dosi, G., Nelson, R. and Winter, S. G. (eds) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Shavinina, L.V. ( ed.) (2003) The international handbook on Innovation, Pergamon, Oxford. Tidd, J., Bessant, J. and Pavitt, K. (2001) Managing Innovation, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008

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Any questions? Thanks for listening I hope you enjoy the unit.

Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2008