/PREP7 ! ! Define problem parameters ! ! - Geometry ! L=100e-3 T1=1e-3 T2=1e-3 W=1e-3 ! ! - Loading !

V=1000

! Length, m ! One-layer thickness, m

! Electrode voltage, Volt

! - Material properties for PVDF E1=2.0e9 ! Young's modulus, N/m^2 NU12=0.29 ! Poisson's ratio G12=0.775e9 ! Shear modulus, N/m^2 Ex=169e9 Ey=169e9 Ez=130e9 NUxz=.36 NUyz=.36 NUzx=.28 NUzy =.28 NUxy=.064 NUyx=.064 NUxy=0.29 Gyz=79.6e9 Gzx=79.6e9 Gxy=50.9e9 d31=-.41e-11 d32=-0.41e-11 d33=1.41e-11 d24=1.05e-11 d15=1.05e-11

block,0,L,-T1,0,0,W block,0,L,0,T1,0,W esize,10*T1 mp,EX,1,E1 mp,NUXY,1,NU12 mp,GXY,1,G12 et,1,SOLID226 tb,ANEL,2,1,,0 tbda,1,1/Ex,-NUyx/Ey,-NUzx/Ez tbda,7,1/Ez tbda,12,1/Ey,-NUzy/Ez

tbda,16,1/2*Gxy tbda,19,1/2*Gzx tbda,21,1/2*Gyz tb,PIEZ,2 tbda,1,0,d31,0, 0,d32,0 tbda,7,0,d33,0, d15,0,0 tbda,13,0,0,d24, 0,0,0 tblist,all mat,1 vmesh,1 mat,2 vmesh,2 nummrg,kp

nsel,s,loc,y,0 cp,1,volt,all d,all,volt,0 nsel,s,loc,x,0 d,all,ux,0,uy,0 fini /SOLU antype,static nsel,s,loc,y,T1 cp,2,volt,all d,all,volt,V Solve /SOLU Uy_an = -3*d31*V*L**2/(8*H**2) ! Theoretical solution /com, /com, Actuator mode results: /com, - Calculated tip displacement Uy = %uy(ntip)% (m) /com, - Theoretical solution Uy = %Uy_an% (m) fini /SOLU ! Sensor simulation antype,static,new *do,i,1,nelec ddele,ntop(i),volt ! Delete applied voltages *enddo d,ntip,uy,Uy ! Apply displacement to beam tip nlgeom,on ! Activate large deflections nsubs,2 ! Set number of substeps cnvtol,F,1.e-3,1.e-3 ! Set convergence for force cnvtol,CHRG,1.e-8,1.e-3 ! Set convergence for charge !cnvtol,AMPS,1.e-8,1.e-3 ! Use AMPS label with PLANE13

solve fini /POST1 /com, /com, Sensor mode results: *do,i,1,nelec /com, - Electrode %i% Voltage = %volt(ntop(i))% (Volt) *enddo /com, /view,,1,,1 ! Set viewing directions /dscale,1,1 ! Set scaling options pldisp,1 ! Display deflected and undeflected shapes path,position,2,,100 ! Define path name and parameters ppath,1,,0,H ! Define path along bimorph length ppath,2,,L,H pdef,Volt,volt,,noav ! Interpolate voltage onto the path pdef,Uy,u,y ! Interpolate displacement onto the path /axlab,x, Position (m) /axlab,y, Electrode Voltage (Volt) plpath,Volt ! Display electrode voltage along the path /axlab,y, Beam Deflection (m) plpath,Uy ! Display beam deflection along the path pasave ! Save path in a file fini