Math 222 Fall, Assignment 6

Due: Friday 9/28, at 4 pm

1. Which of the following sets is a real vector subspace? (a) W = x y 3x2 xy = 0 R2 .

(b) The subset W of real n n matrices consisting of symmetric matrices in Mnn (R). 2. Consider the following subsets of the above spaces. In each case, decide whether it is a vector subspace or not. (a) W = (b) W = z1 z2 z1 z2 2 z1 + 5 z 2 = 3 2 z1 z2 = 3 z 1 C2 C2

(c) U = {a2 z 2 + a1 z + a0 | a1 = a0 } P2 (C) Here P2 (C) is the set of polynomials with coecients in C. (d) Z = {f : C C | f (1) = 0} M aps(C, C). M aps(C, C) is the set of maps that take a complex number as input and output a complex number. 1 M aps(C, C2 ). (e) Y = f : C C2 f (i) = 0 M aps(C, C2 ) is the set of maps that take a complex number as input and output a vector with 2 entries each of which is complex. 3. Prove that if V is a vector space then the zero vector is unique. That is, if o and w are vectors that satisfy that for every vector v : o+v =v w+v =v Theb o = w. 4. In class we proved the following theorem: 1

Theorem 1. Let V be a vector space over F . The subset W V is a subspace of V if and only if : (a) o W . (here o is the zero vector in V ). (b) For all w1 , w2 in W and c F : w1 + cw2 is in W . We will show that Theorem 2. Let V be a vector space over F . The subset W V is a subspace of V if and only if for all w1 , w2 in W and c F : w1 + cw2 is in W . We have already seen that if W is a vector space then for all w1 , w2 in W and c F : w1 + cw2 is in W . Now suppose that this condition holds. We want to show that W is a vector space in its own right with respect to the operations dened in V . (a) Prove that for any v in V , 0v + 0v = 0v (here 0 is the zero in F ). Conclude that 0v = o. (b) From o = 0w + 0(0w) conclude that o is in W . (c) Show that if w W then w W . You may use the fact proven in class that w = (1)w. Remark. Even though Theorem 2 is true, it is always good practice to rst check that o W when we test if W V is a subspace. 5. page 39 exercise: 4, 8. 6. Write the general solution to the system Ax = b as a translation of the nullspace NA of the matrix A in the following cases. The nullspace of A should be written as a span of vectors. 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 and for the following 1 0 A= 0 x= 3 5

two cases. 2 0 3 1 0 1 4 1 and b = or 0 0 0 1