1.

Cells are surrounded by water, and cells themselves consist of about 70% to
95% water. As a result _____.
The Correct Answer:
the temperature of living things
tends to change relatively
slowly
a variety of nutrient molecules are readily
available as dissolved solutes
waste products produced by cell metabolism
can be easily removed
dissolved substances can be easily transported
within a cell or between cells in multicellular
organisms

2. Water is a polar molecule. This means that _____.

The Correct Answer: the opposite ends of the molecule have opposite
electrical charges

3. The tendency of water molecules to stay close to each other as a result of

hydrogen bonding _____.
The Correct Answer:
provides the surface tension that allows
leaves to float on water
is called cohesion
keeps water moving through the
vessels in a tree trunk
acts to moderate temperature

4. In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between _____. The

Correct Answer: the oxygen atom in one water molecule and a hydrogen atom
in another water molecule

5. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with

reference to water?
The Correct Answer: All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.

6. Most of water's unique features (for example, its versatility as a solvent,

ability to moderate temperature, and cohesive behavior) result from the
fact that _____.
The Correct Answer: oxygen attracts electrons more than hydrogen does
7. The partial charges on a water molecule occur because of _____. The
Correct Answer: the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and
the oxygen atoms of a water molecule

8. The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water
molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or
partial charges are _____.
The Correct Answer: both caused by water's partial charges

9. The phenomenon responsible for the maintenance of a column of water as it

moves upward through a vessel is _____.
The Correct Answer: cohesion

10. Adhesion is best described as _____. The Correct Answer: the clinging of
one substance to another substance

11. You can fill a glass of water to just slightly above the rim without it spilling
over the glass. What property of water best explains this phenomenon?
The Correct Answer: surface tension

12. Which action would involve the greatest transfer of heat?

The Correct Answer: condensing 5 g of steam to liquid water

13. Which example is not an effect of water's high specific heat? The Correct
Answer: Inland regions generally have milder climates than coastal regions.

14. The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of any

substance by 1°C is defined as _____.
The Correct Answer: the specific heat of that substance

15. The amount of heat required to convert 1 g of any substance from the liquid
to the gaseous state is defined as _____.
The Correct Answer: the heat of vaporization of that substance

16. The reason that coastal climates are more moderate than inland climates is
 due primarily to water's high _____. The Correct Answer: specific heat

17. Sweating has a cooling effect because of water's high _____. The Correct
Answer: heat of vaporization

18. Water molecules have _____ than molecules of similar size, such as
ammonia and methane.
The Correct Answer: a higher boiling point

19. Because molecules of water are farther apart in ice than in liquid water,
_____.
The Correct Answer: ice floats

20. Water is a very versatile solvent because water molecules are_____.

The Correct Answer: polar

21. Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water because water molecules _____.
The Correct Answer: are polar

22. Nonpolar molecules that cluster away from water molecules are called
_____ molecules.
The Correct Answer: hydrophobic

23. Hydrophilic substances, but not hydrophobic substances, _____.

The Correct Answer: have charges and partial charges to which water
molecules can adhere

24. A molecule that has all nonpolar covalent bonds would be _____.
The Correct Answer: hydrophobic

25. Hydrophobic molecules are _____ water. The Correct Answer: repelled by

26. Some substances, such as oil and gasoline, will not dissolve in water because
_____.
The Correct Answer: their molecules have no charges or partial charges to
which water molecules can adhere
27. An acid is _____.
The Correct Answer: a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

28. Sucrose has a molecular mass of 342 daltons. To make a 2-molar (2 M)

solution of sucrose, _____. The Correct Answer: stir 342 g of sucrose in water
to dissolve the sugar, and then add enough water to bring the total volume of the
solution up to 0.5 L

29. A mole of ethyl alcohol weighs 46 g. How many grams of ethyl alcohol are
needed to produce 1 L of a 2-millimolar (2 mM) solution?
The Correct Answer: 0.092 g

30. Adding acid tends to ____ of a solution.

The Correct Answer: increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the
pH

31. Which of the following dissociations is that of an acid?

The Correct Answer: HF → H+ + F-

32. A glass of grapefruit juice, at pH 3, contains _____ H+ as a glass of tomato

juice, at pH 4.
The Correct Answer: ten times as much

33. A solution at pH 6 contains ____ than the same amount of solution at pH 8.

The Correct Answer: 100 times more H+

34. Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.

The Correct Answer: lower the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the
pH

35. When the pH of a solution shifts from 7 to 3, how has the hydrogen ion
concentration changed?
The Correct Answer: It has increased by 10,000 times.

36. Pure water has a pH of 7. Why does uncontaminated rainwater have a pH

 of 5.6? The Correct Answer: formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide
and water

37. A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a

solution is a(n) ______.
The Correct Answer: buffer

38. Which of the following statements does not correctly describe a buffer? The
Correct Answer: None of the above (all the above statements correctly describe
a buffer).

39. Which of the following statements is true about acid precipitation?

The Correct Answer: It washes away some minerals that are plant nutrients,
while causing some toxic minerals to accumulate.