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EXEFOQHHK

CHDPH

__________________________________________________
00PYAEhhP, PA30PYAEhhE
h HEAYhAP0hAP
EE30A6h06Tb
________________________________________________________












____________________________________
HMSMO PAH
___________________________________________________






Exeropnux CHRPH 2012



BOOPYXEHHR, PA3OPYXEHHE H MEXYHAPOHAR BE3ORACHOCTL





S I P RI
YEARBOOK
2 0 1 2

ARMAMENTS, DISARMAMENT
AND INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY





Stockholm International Peace Research Institute







OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2012


CTOKFOPLMCKHH
MEXYHAPOHLH
HHCTHTYT HCCPEOBAHHH
RPOEPEM MHPA
HHCTHTYT
MHPOBOH SKOHOMHKH
H MEXYHAPOHLX OTHOLEHHH
POCCHHCKOH AKAEMHH HAYK


EXEFOHHK
CHRPH
2012
Boopyeuun, pasopyeuue
u uepyuapopuan
esonacuocfu


Hepeeo c auanuckoao


Pycckoe uspauue noprofoeneuo coeuecfuo
CHRPH u HMSMO PAH
npu copecfeuu 4epepanuuoro
uuuucfepcfea oopouL,
rpapaucko saufL u cnopfa
Leeuapuu



MOCKBA
HMSMO PAH
2013

YK 327
FFK 66.4(0)
Exer 36
Peaxnnonnan xonnernn pyccxoro nsannn:
axaemnx PAH, oxrop +xonomnuecxnx nayx A. A. IHKHH, npexrop Hncrnryra mnpono
+xonomnxn n mexynapontx ornomenn Poccncxo axaemnn nayx (HM3MO PAH)
axaemnx PAH, oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx A. I. APFATOB, pyxononrent Henrpa mex-
ynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH
axaemnx PAH, oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx B. I. FAPAHOBCKHH, samecrnrent npexro-
pa HM3MO PAH
unen-xoppecnonenr PAH, oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx H. C. HBAHOB, npesnenr Poc-
cncxoro conera no mexynapontm enam
xannar ncropnuecxnx nayx C. K. O3HOFHBEB, saneymmn Cexropom Henrpa mexy-
napono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH, nayunt peaxrop pyccxoro nsannx Exeronnxa
oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx A. H. KAHHH, rnannt nayunt corpynnx HM3MO
PAH, nayunt peaxrop Cnennantnoro npnnoxennx HM3MO

Hepeno c anrnnncxoro nsmxa:
E. H. FPOXOBHu, B. H. BHAHMHPOB, A. M. BOHKOB, A. B. BEPHH
Pyccxoe nsanne nororonneno n Henrpe mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH


Kountm1epnmn naop n nsro1onnenne opnrnnan-uaxe1a nmnonnenm n HM3MO PAH
(naop B. H. MATBEEBA, A. A. TAPACOB; opnrnnan-maxer F. H. KHHMEHKO)

Exer 36
Eaeronnx CHHPH 2012: noopyxennx, pasopyxenne n mexynaponax esonacnocrt:
Hep. c anrn. Hncrnryr mnpono +xonomnxn n mexynapontx ornomenn PAH. M.:
HM3MO PAH, 1998 2012. 2013. 770 c. (n nep.).
ISBN 978-5-9535-0368-6
Exeronnx coepxnr ananns xax nontx, rax n rpannnonntx nx CHHPH rem nccneonann:
nonax reononnrnxa nmemarentcrna, esonacnocrt n xon]nnxrt, noennte pacxot n noopyxe-
nnx, nponemt nepacnpocrpanennx n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxenne, naxnemne
renennnn n pasnnrnn rnoantno esonacnocrn, nanpannennx optt c mexynapontm rep-
popnsmom.
nx cnennanncron n onacrn mexynapontx ornomenn, nonnrnxon, paornnxon ooponnoro
xomnnexca.


Hyo.urauu HMJMO PAH pas+euammc ua came Hucmumyma no aopecy: http://www.imemo.ru

ISBN 978-5-9535-0368-6 SIPRI, 2012
HM3MO PAH, 2013



OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in UK and in certain other countries


SIPRI 2012
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law,
or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations.
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SIPRI, Signalistgatan 9, SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover
and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

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ISSN 0953-0282
ISBN 9780199650583

Typeset and originated by SIPRI
Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by
CPI Group (UK) Ltd., Croydon, CR0 4YY

Before 1987 the Yearbook was published under the title
'World Armaments and Disarmament:
SIPRI Yearbook [year of publication]'

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and
for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials
contained in any third party website referenced in this work.



Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
(CHHPH Croxrontmcxn mexynapont nncrnryr nccneonann nponem mnpa)
CHHPH nesanncnmt mexynapont nncrnryr nccneonann nponem mnpa
n xon]nnxron, nonpocon xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennx. On tn
cosan n 1966 r. CHHPH npeocrannxer nn]opmannm, ananns n pexomenannn
na ocnone orxptrtx ncrounnxon rem, xro npnnnmaer pemennx n c]epe nonnrnxn,
nesanncnmtm nccneonarenxm, npecrannrenxm cpecrn maccono nn]opmannn n
sannrepeconanntm nnnam.
Hpannenne ne orneuaer sa nsrnxt, npecrannennte n nynnxannxx Hncrnryra.
Coc1an npannennn
Iopan HEHHMAPKEP (Goran LENNMARKER), npecearent, Bnennx
-p +nn uopryna AHBAP (Dewi Fortuna ANWAR), Hnonesnx
-p Bnanmnp FAPAHOBCKHH, Poccnx
Hocon Haxxap FPAXHMH (Lakhdar BRAHIMI), Anxnp
xaxnra XAHAHAHA (Jayanta DHANAPALA), Bpn-Hanxa
Cmsan 3H3EHXAY3P (Susan EISENHOWER), CBA
Hocon Bont]ranr HBHHIEP (Wolfgang ISCHINGER), Iepmannx
Hpo]. M+pn KAHOP (Mary KALDOR), Bennxopnrannx

npex1op nnc1n1y1a
-p F+rc IHHH (Bates GILL), CBA
F+rc IHHH (Bates GILL), npexrop, peaxrop n nsarent Exeronnxa
Han 3HTOHH (Ian ANTHONY), uay:ui peoarmop
.A. KPYHKBAHK (D. A. CRUICKSHANK), einycramuu peoarmop

Peoarmopi
. A. KPYHKBAHK (D. A. CRUICKSHANK), xerra IHHHHIAH FOPI (Jetta
GILLIGAN BORG), +nn HPATEP (David PRATER),
Annnxa C3HHCFEPH (Annika SALISBURY)
S I P R I
STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Signalistgatan 9,
SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden
Telephone: 46 8/655 97 00
Telefax: 46 8/655 97 33
E-mail: sipri@sipri.org
Internet: www.sipri.org

HM3MO PAH

Hncrnryr mnpono +xonomnxn n mexynapontx ornomenn Poccncxo axaemnn
nayx (HM3MO PAH) neymn poccncxn nayunt nenrp mnponoro yponnx n onacrn
]ynamenrantntx n npnxnantx nccneonann mnpoxosxcrnenntx n mexynapono-
nonnrnuecxnx nponem.
Hncrnryr cosan n 1956 r. B pasnnunte rot HM3MO nosrnannxnn xpynnte yuente
n omecrnennte exrenn: axaemnxn A. A. Apsymanxn, H. H. Hnosemnen, A. H. xonnen,
E. M. Hpnmaxon, B. A. Maprtnon,
H. A. Cnmonnx. C 2006 r. npexrop Hncrnryra axaemnx A. A. tnxnn.
Ocnonnte nanpannennx nayuno exrentnocrn HM3MO PAH ceronx reopnn mnpo-
noro xosxcrna n mexynapontx ornomenn, nonax moent rnoantnoro +xonomnuecxoro
n nonnrnuecxoro pasnnrnx; nncrnrynnonantnte n crpyxrypnte nsmenennx n mnponom
xosxcrne n mexynaponom pasenennn rpya, pont n mecro Poccnn n +rnx nponeccax;
connantnt ]axrop n conpemennte omecrnenno-nonnrnuecxne nncrnryrt n mnponom
pasnnrnn; rnoannsannx n pernonantnax nnrerpannx; renennnn n nepcnexrnnt nnnona-
nnonnoro pasnnrnx; +xonomnuecxoe, nonnrnuecxoe n connantnoe pasnnrne sapyexntx
crpan; +nonmnnx cncremt mexynapontx ornomenn; mexynaponax esonacnocrt n
nannonantnax esonacnocrt Poccnn, npeornpamenne n yperynnponanne mexynapo-
ntx xon]nnxron; onrocpounte n xparxocpounte npornost mnponoro pasnnrnx.
B crpyxrype Hncrnryra onee nanarn nayuntx nopasenenn, n xoroptx paoraer
oxono 400 nayuntx corpynnxon, n rom uncne 6 axaemnxon n 6 unenon-xoppecnonenron
PAH, 80 oxropon n 185 xannaron nayx.
Hncrnryr yuacrnyer n nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx paorax n pamxax axaemnuecxnx,
]eepantntx n orpacnentx nporpamm, npoexron no rpanram nayuntx ]onon, mexyna-
pontx npoexron. Kax anropnrernt +xcneprno-anannrnuecxn nenrp HM3MO PAH
axrnnno nsanmoecrnyer c opranamn rocyapcrnenno nnacrn Poccnn, xpynntmn rocy-
apcrnenntmn n uacrntmn xomnannxmn. Beymne yuente Hncrnryra npnnnmamr yua-
crne n paore nayuntx n +xcneprntx coneron, mexynapontx nenpannrentcrnenntx
oprannsann n omecrnenntx nnxenn.
Exerono Hncrnryrom nsaercx oxono 60 nayuntx paor monorpa]n, copnnxon
nayuntx rpyon n marepnanon nayuntx xon]epennn, npornoson, pommp.
B acnnpanrype Hncrnryra neercx nororonxa cnennanncron ntcme xnann]nxannn.
3a nxrt c nnmnnm ecxrnnern ncropnn HM3MO samnmeno cntme nonyropa rtcxu
xannarcxnx n oxropcxnx ncceprann.
Hncrnryr noepxnnaer omnpnte mexynaponte nayunte cnxsn c neymnmn nc-
cneonarentcxnmn nenrpamn mnpa. B 20102011 roax HM3MO npnnnman yuacrne n
peannsannn xpynnoro mexynaponoro npoexra Enpoarnanrnuecxax nnnnnarnna n o-
nacrn esonacnocrn (Euro-Atlantic Security Initiative, EASI), saaua xoroporo paspa-
orxa xonnenryantntx napamerponnceome enpoarnanrnuecxo cncremt esonacnocrn
XXI nexa n ee nncrnrynnonantno apxnrexrypt. pyro mexynapont npoexr
HM3MO n ]ona Hnnnnarnna no coxpamennm xepno yrpost (NTI) nanpannen na
xomnnexcnt ananns nponem coxpamennx n orpannuennx noopyxenn. Conmecrno c Hn-
crnryrom Fpyxnnrca (CBA) HM3MO neer npoexr, nocnxmennt corpynnuecrny Poccnn
n CBA n onacrn xepnoro pasopyxennx, nepacnpocrpanennx n rpaxancxo aromno
+neprernxn. Conmecrno co Croxrontmcxnm mexynapontm nncrnryrom nccneonann
nponem mnpa (CHHPH) ocymecrnnxer pyccxoe nsanne Exeronnx CHHPH. Boopyxe-
nnx, pasopyxenne n mexynaponax esonacnocrt, a c 2002 r. nsaer cnennantnoe npn-
noxenne x nemy Poccnx: xonrpont na noopyxennxmn, pasopyxenne n mexynaponax eso-
nacnocrt, re npecrannent anannrnuecxne marepnant neymnx poccncxnx +xcnepron.
C 2008 r. HM3MO PAH sannmaer neymne nosnnnn no ocnonntm nomnnannxm exe-
ronoro rnoantnoro pernnra +xcneprno-anannrnuecxnx nenrpon mnpa Global Go To
Think Tanks Index.
Koumarmi:
Poccncxax ueepannx 117997, Mocxna, B-71, ICH-7, yn. Hpo]comsnax, 23
Ten.: +7 (499) 120-5236, uaxc: +7 (499) 120-6575,
http://www.imemo.ru, imemoran@imemo.ru






COEPXAHHE
HPEHCAOBHE K PYCCKOMY H3AHHK................................................... XXI
A.ercauop BHKHH
HPEHCAOBHE.................................................................................................... XXIII
Bomc IHHH
COKPAmEHHR H YCAOBHBE OBO3HAHEHHR......................................... XXV
BBEEHHE. MEYHAPOHAR BE3OHACHOCTB,
BOOPYEHHR H PA3OPYEHHE..........................................................................3
Bomc IHHH
I. OHEHKA COFITHH HPOBEBEIO IOA.................................................3
II. EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012: OF3OP, TEMI H OCHOBHIE BIBOI....5
Kparxn osop......................................................................................................5
Ocnonnte renennnn n ntnot..........................................................................7
Hpenxrcrnnx na nyrn neymnx epxan ..........................................................7
Hoxnnenne nontx nenrpon cnnt n nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron .............8
Hncrnrynnonantnte n nopmonpnmennrentnte nponemt ........................10
III. HEPCHEKTHBI................................................................................................12
1. PEAIHPOBAHHE HA MACCOBBE 3BEPCTBA:
HOBAR IEOHOAHTHKA BMEmATEABCTBA..............................................16
Iapem JBAHC
I. TPYHOCTH B 3ABHTE IPAAHCKOIO HACEHEHH.....................16
II. HOBOMY BEKY HOBIE HAPAHIMI:
3ABHTA IPAAHCKHX HHH H OF3AHHOCTI 3ABHBATI..........19
3amnra rpaxancxnx nnn n noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax ..................................19
Oxsannocrt samnmart .....................................................................................22
Bsanmocnxst mexy samnro rpaxancxnx nnn n oxsannocrtm samnmart...26
III. HOCHE COFITHH B HHBHH: KAKOBI HPEEHI BMEBATEHICTBA? .27
Btnonnenne Pesonmnnn 1973: nenocnntnte saaun? ....................................27
Ieononnrnuecxax cnryannx nocne nnnncxnx cotrn:
nosmoxnocrn nx nonoro xoncencyca? .............................................................31
IV. HEPCHEKTHBI 3ABHTI IPAAHCKHX HHH....................................36
Kpnrepnn nx paspemennx npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt..........................37
Mept, npnmenxemte o noennoro nmemarentcrna c nentm npnnyxennx....39
onrocpounte crparernn npeynpexennx .....................................................39
Pasnnrne coornercrnymmero nncrnrynnonantnoro norennnana pearnponannx..40
Hepeocmtcnenne nonxrnx nannonantnte nnrepect...................................41
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

X
uACTI I. FE3OHACHOCTI H KOHuHHKTI, 2011
2. BOOPYEHHBH KOHmAHKT...........................................................................45
KPATKHH OF3OP ...................................................................................................45
Hu. MEHBHH
I. HEPBIH IO APAFCKOH BECHI...........................................................47
Mapu AHHAHCCOH, Houac BAVMAHH, Co+mo. TAVB, Homma TEMHEP
u Hemep BAHHEHCTHH
Bnyrpnrocyapcrnennte cotrnx ....................................................................48
Faxpen...........................................................................................................48
Ernner.............................................................................................................48
Hnnnx..............................................................................................................50
Cnpnx..............................................................................................................52
Tynnc ..............................................................................................................53
Hemen..............................................................................................................54
Bnemnee yuacrne................................................................................................55
Bemnxx noepxxa ........................................................................................55
Yuacrne rpertnx cropon................................................................................57
Btnot...............................................................................................................58
II. OPIAHH3OBAHHOE HACHHHE B CTPAHAX AuPHKAHCKOIO POIA...60
Houac BAVMAHH, Mapryc HHHHCOH, Homma TEMHEP u Hemep BAHHEHCTHH
Boopyxennt xon]nnxr: pernonantnte nocnecrnnx necranntnocrn
n Comann.............................................................................................................62
Onocroponnee nacnnne: pernon Comann n 3]nonnn.....................................64
Herocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt: nonnennx n npnrpannuntx onacrxx.........65
Horpannunax sananax sona 3]nonnnKennn.............................................66
Horpannunax nocrounax sona 3]nonnnKennn ..........................................67
III. MOEHH OPIAHH3OBAHHOIO HACHHH B 20012010 rr....................68
Homma TEMHEP u Hemep BAHHEHCTHH
Boopyxennte xon]nnxrt.................................................................................69
Herocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt.......................................................................75
Onocroponnee nacnnne ....................................................................................81
Oprannsonannoe nacnnne: cpannenne ...............................................................83
Hcrounnxn n merot .........................................................................................85
Onpeenenne noopyxennoro xon]nnxra......................................................85
Onpeenenne nerocyapcrnennoro xon]nnxra ............................................86
Onpeenenne onocroponnero nacnnnx .......................................................87
Hcrounnxn......................................................................................................88
Merot...........................................................................................................89
IV. IHOFAHIHIH HHEKC MHPOHRFH 2012.............................................90
Ka+u..a LHHHA u To+ac MOPIAH
Hcrounnxn n merot .........................................................................................94
Hsmenennx n meroonornn n 2012 r..............................................................95
3. MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH H YPEIYAHPOBAHHE
KOHmAHKTOB........................................................................................................96
COEPAHHE

XI
KPATKHH OF3OP ...................................................................................................96
Lapou BHXAPTA
I. IHOFAHIHIE TEHEHHHH B CuEPE MHPOTBOPuECKHX OHEPAHHH..98
K.op 4AHHHHH
II. HOBIE MHPOTBOPuECKHE OHEPAHHH B 2011 r................................. 102
K.op 4AHHHHH
Cyan n Rxnt Cyan: Mnccnx OOH n Pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan
n Bpemennte cnnt OOH no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n Atee............... 102
Mnccnx OOH n Pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan.............................................. 104
Bpemennte cnnt OOH no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n Atee.............. 105
Hnnnx: onepannx HATO Oennennt samnrnnx n Mnccnx OOH
no noepxxe n Hnnnn..................................................................................... 107
HATO n Hnnnx: onepannx Oennennt samnrnnx........................... 108
OOH n Hnnnx: Mnccnx OOH no noepxxe n Hnnnn............................... 110
Cnpnx: Mnccnx nanmarene Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnm........... 111
Btnot............................................................................................................. 113
III. PEIHOHAHIHIE TEHEHHHH B CuEPE MHPOTBOPuECKHX
OHEPAHHH...................................................................................................... 114
K.op 4AHHHHH
A]pnxa.............................................................................................................. 114
Mnccnx AC n Comann.................................................................................. 114
Onepannx OOH n Kor-'Hnyape.................................................................. 115
Amepnxa............................................................................................................ 117
Asnx n Oxeannx................................................................................................ 117
Enpona............................................................................................................... 118
Fnnxnn Bocrox .............................................................................................. 119
IV. TAFHHHA HO MHOIOCTOPOHHHM MHPOTBOPuECKHM
OHEPAHHM B 2011 r. .................................................................................. 120
K.op 4AHHHHH
Hcrounnxn n merot ....................................................................................... 121
Merot......................................................................................................... 121
Hcrounnxn.................................................................................................... 122
uACTI II. BOEHHIE PACXOI H BOOPYEHH, 2011
4. BOEHHBE PACXOB......................................................................................... 161
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 161
CJM HEPHO-4PHMAH
I. HHAMHKA BOEHHIX PACXOOB B MHPE.......................................... 163
Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH u Kapuua COHMHPAHO
II. 3KOHOMHuECKA CTOHMOCTI BOHHI B AuIAHHCTAHE
H HPAKE........................................................................................................... 171
Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH u Kapuua COHMHPAHO
III. BOEHHIE PACXOI COEHHEHHIX BTATOB
H FRETHIH KPH3HC 2011 r. ................................................................. 178
J.usaoem LHC u Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XII
IV. BOEHHIE PACXOI B AuPHKE.............................................................. 183
O.aea.e HCMAHH u Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH
He]rt n opta c reppopnsmom n Anxnpe ..................................................... 183
He]rt n opta c reppopnsmom n Hnrepnn.................................................... 185
Cnryannx n pyrnx crpanax............................................................................. 187
V. EBPOHA H BO3EHCTBHE MEP ECTKOH 3KOHOMHH
HA BOEHHIE PACXOI.............................................................................. 189
Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH
Kpnsncnte crpant Rxno Enpont............................................................... 191
Ipennx........................................................................................................... 192
Hrannx .......................................................................................................... 193
Hcnannx........................................................................................................ 194
Hocnecrnnx coxpamennx pacxoon................................................................ 195
VI. COOFBEHHE AHHIX O BOEHHIX PACXOAX
B OPIAHH3AHHR OFTEHHEHHIX HAHHH B 20022011 rr............. 198
Hoo.i KEHHH
Cncrema oruernocrn Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann........................... 198
Tenennnn n npeocrannennn oruernocrn o noenntx pacxoax
n 20022011 rr. ................................................................................................. 200
Oruer rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron ............................................... 201
VII. AHHIE O BOEHHIX PACXOAX B 2002 2011 rr. ............................ 204
Co+ HEPHO-4PHMAH, O.aea.e HCMAHH, Hoo.i KEHHH, J.usaoem LHC,
Kapuua COHMHPAHO u Xe.eu BHHAH
5. HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPYEHHH H BOEHHBE YCAYIH....................... 234
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 234
Cimsau T. EKCOH
I. KHRuEBIE COFITH B OCHOBHIX CTPAHAX,
HPOH3BOBHX BOOPYEHH............................................................. 236
Cimsau T. EKCOH
3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na nannonantnym oopony CBA na
2012 r. ................................................................................................................ 238
Hornomennx, orenennx nenpo]nntntx axrnnon n npoaxn n Coennenntx
Brarax.............................................................................................................. 240
eart no corpynnuecrny n noenno npomtmnennocrn n Enponecxom
comse................................................................................................................. 242
nnepcn]nxannx n onacrt xomntmrepno esonacnocrn ........................... 246
II. OTPACHI HO HPOH3BOCTBY BOEHHIX YCHYI................................ 250
Cimsau T. EKCOH
III. BOEHHA HPOMIBHEHHOCTI H OTPACHI HO OKA3AHHR
BOEHHIX YCHYI B HHHH..................................................................... 261
Cimsau T. EKCOH u Murao.i IPHHBAVM
Crpyxrypa noenno npomtmnennocrn Hnnn............................................... 262
Ycnonnx cymecrnonannx nponsnocrna noopyxenn n Hnnn ..................... 264
Orpacnt no npeocrannennm ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx n Hnnn............. 267
Btnot............................................................................................................. 269
COEPAHHE

XIII
IV. 100 KPYHHEHBHX BOEHHO-HPOMIBHEHHIX KOMHAHHH
H KOMHAHHH, HPEOCTABHRBHX YCHYIH BOEHHOIO
HA3HAuEHH, B CHHCKE CHHPH B 2010 r. ............................................ 270
Cimsau T. EKCOH
Hcrounnxn n merot ....................................................................................... 282
Kpnrepnn oropa n ncrounnxn anntx...................................................... 282
Onpeenennx ................................................................................................ 282
Pacuert......................................................................................................... 283
6. MEYHAPOHAR TOPIOBAR OPYHEM............................................... 284
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 284
Ho. XOHTOM
I. HOCTABKH OPYH B 2011 r. .................................................................... 286
Ho. XOHTOM, Mapr BPOMHH, Humep . BE3EMAH u Cu+ou T. BE3EMAH
Ocnonnte renennnn cpen nocranmnxon..................................................... 286
Coennennte Brart................................................................................... 286
Poccnx........................................................................................................... 292
pyrne xpynnte nocranmnxn ..................................................................... 293
Ocnonnte renennnn cpen nonyuarene...................................................... 295
Hcrounnxn n merot anannsa anntx o nocranxax opyxnx ......................... 299
Hcrounnxn n onenxn.................................................................................... 299
Bnt nocranox............................................................................................. 299
Tnnt noopyxenn: ocnonnte nnt otuntx noopyxenn ..................... 300
Hoxasarent rpena CHHPH......................................................................... 300
II. HOHHTHKA B OFHACTH 3KCHOPTA OPYH B IOCYAPCTBA,
3ATPOHYTIE APAFCKOH BECHOH...................................................... 302
Mapr BPOMHH u Humep . BE3EMAH
III. MOPCKOE H3MEPEHHE HOCTABOK BOOPYEHHH B RIO-
BOCTOuHYR A3HR B 20072011 rr................................................................ 308
Cu+ou T. BE3EMAH
Mopcxax esonacnocrt n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn............................................ 309
Hocranxn opyxnx, cnxsannte c mopcxo esonacnocrtm............................. 311
IV. HOCTABKH OPYH APMEHHH H A3EPFAHAHY B 20072011.... 315
Ho. XOHTOM
Apmennx............................................................................................................ 317
Asepaxan .................................................................................................... 319
V. TPAHCHAPEHTHOCTI HOCTABOK OPYH.......................................... 323
Ho. XOHTOM u Mapr BPOMHH
Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm...................................................... 323
Hannonantnte n pernonantnte oruert o +xcnopre opyxnx ...................... 326
VI. CTOHMOCTHOH OFTEM 3KCHOPTA OPYH IOCYAPCTBAMH
B 20012010 rr. ................................................................................................. 333
Mapr BPOMHH
7. REPHBE CHAB CTPAH MHPA....................................................................... 336
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 336
Leuuou H. KAHH
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XIV
I. EPHIE CHHI CBA ................................................................................. 339
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
epnax moepnnsannx.................................................................................... 341
epnax crparernx n nnannponanne................................................................ 342
Fannncrnuecxne paxert nasemnoro asnponannx .......................................... 343
Hononte noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn .......................................... 343
Hecrparernuecxoe xepnoe opyxne ................................................................ 344
II. EPHIE CHHI POCCHH........................................................................... 346
Leuuou H. KAHH, Buma.u 4EHEHKO, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
Crparernuecxne omapnponmnxn................................................................ 349
Hasemnte annncrnuecxne paxert................................................................. 350
Hononte noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na opry
n annncrnuecxne paxert mopcxoro asnponannx ......................................... 351
Hecrparernuecxoe xepnoe opyxne ................................................................ 352
III. EPHIE CHHI BEHHKOFPHTAHHH..................................................... 354
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
Fpnrancxo-]pannyscxoe cornamenne o corpynnuecrne n xepno c]epe..... 357
IV. EPHIE CHHI uPAHHHH....................................................................... 358
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
V. EPHIE CHHI KHTA.............................................................................. 360
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
Fannncrnuecxne paxert nasemnoro asnponannx .......................................... 362
Hononte noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn .......................................... 363
Camonert n xptnarte paxert ........................................................................ 364
VI. EPHIE CHHI HHHH........................................................................... 365
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
Yapnax annannx.............................................................................................. 366
Paxert nasemnoro asnponannx ...................................................................... 366
Paxert mopcxoro asnponannx........................................................................ 369
VII. EPHIE CHHI HAKHCTAHA................................................................. 370
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
Yapnax annannx.............................................................................................. 372
Paxert nasemnoro asnponannx ...................................................................... 372
VIII. EPHIE CHHI H3PAHH........................................................................ 375
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
IX. EPHIH BOEHHIH HOTEHHHAH CEBEPHOH KOPEH.................... 377
Leuuou H. KAHH, 4u..un LEHH u Xauc M. KPHCTEHCEH
X. IHOFAHIHIE 3AHACI H HPOH3BOCTBO.......................................... 379
PACBEHHRBHXC MATEPHAHOB B 2011 r.............................................. 379
A.ercauop IHEH3EP u 3ua MHAH
Mexynaponax nccneonarentcxax rpynna no pacmennxmmnmcx
marepnanam....................................................................................................... 379

COEPAHHE

XV
uACTI III. HEPACHPOCTPAHEHHE, KOHTPOHI HA BOOPYEHHMH
H PA3OPYEHHE, 2011
8. KOHTPOAB HA REPHBMH BOOPYEHHRMH
H REPHOE HEPACHPOCTPAHEHHE............................................................ 389
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 389
Leuuou H. KAHH
I. POCCHHCKO-AMEPHKAHCKHH KOHTPOHI
HA BOOPYEHHMH................................................................................ 392
Leuuou H. KAHH
Omen anntmn, nanpannenne yneomnenn n nponeenne nncnexnn...... 394
Hont oronop CHB n npornnopaxernax oopona ....................................... 397
Hocne nonoro oronopa CHB: nonte marn.................................................... 399
II. CHPH H O3AFOuEHHOCTH B OFHACTH EPHOIO
PACHPOCTPAHEHH.................................................................................... 401
Leuuou H. KAHH
III. HPAH H O3AFOuEHHOCTH B OFHACTH EPHOIO
PACHPOCTPAHEHH.................................................................................... 404
Leuuou H. KAHH
Onenxa MAIAT3 npenonaraemo noenno xepno exrentnocrn Hpana404
Hpenonaraemax exrentnocrt no cosannm xepnoro opyxnx ............... 405
Onenxa oxnaa MAIAT3.......................................................................... 406
Honax nannonantnax pasnetnarentnax onenxa CBA no Hpany................. 407
Pesonmnnx Conera ynpannxmmnx MAIAT3 no Hpany ................................ 408
Craryc ycranonxn no ooramennm n uopo .................................................. 409
IV. EPHA HPOIPAMMA CEBEPHOH KOPEH.......................................... 413
Leuuou H. KAHH
V. COFITH B IPYHHE EPHIX HOCTABBHKOB .............................. 416
Cuou.. BAVJP
Hepecmorp pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon, xacammnxcx +xcnopra
uyncrnnrentntx rexnonorn........................................................................... 417
Hono nx opamennx x +ro reme n ocnonnte npemert cnopon .......... 417
Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt nocne nepecmorpa n 2011 r. ............................... 420
Hpoune nonpoct, paccmarpnnanmnecx Ipynno xepntx nocranmnxon
n 2011 r.............................................................................................................. 422
Bsanmoornomennx IH c Hnne.............................................................. 423
Knracxne nocranxn n Haxncran ................................................................ 425
Hepcnexrnnt xonrponx sa xepntm +xcnoprom............................................. 426
VI. MEYHAPOHOE COTPYHHuECTBO B OFHACTH
HEPACHPOCTPAHEHH, KOHTPOH HA BOOPYEHHMH
H EPHOH FE3OHACHOCTH ..................................................................... 428
Leuuou H. KAHH
Pesonmnnx 1977 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH................................................. 428
Hponenne cpoxa ecrnnx Inoantnoro naprnepcrna Ipynnt noctmn...... 429
Ocyxenne nonpoca o mnorocroponnem xonrpone na xepntmn
noopyxennxmn n pamxax nxrepxn................................................................ 430
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XVI
9. COKPAmEHHE YIPO3 BE3OHACHOCTH OT XHMHHECKHX
H BHOAOIHHECKHX MATEPHAAOB............................................................ 432
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 432
+ou XAPT
I. KOHTPOHI HA FHOHOIHuECKHMH BOOPYEHHMH
H PA3OPYEHHE .......................................................................................... 434
+ou XAPT
II. KOHTPOHI HA XHMHuECKHM OPYHEM H PA3OPYEHHE........ 438
+ou XAPT
Ynnuroxenne xnmnuecxoro opyxnx ............................................................... 440
Hpax .............................................................................................................. 440
Hnnnx............................................................................................................ 442
Poccnx........................................................................................................... 443
Coennennte Brart Amepnxn .................................................................. 444
Ocrannennoe xnmnuecxoe opyxne n crapoe xnmnuecxoe opyxne............. 444
Honnrnuecxne pasnornacnx ............................................................................. 445
III. HOO3PEHH B PA3PAFOTKE HPOIPAMM XHMHuECKOIO
H FHOHOIHuECKOIO OPYH................................................................. 447
+ou XAPT
Cenepnax Kopex................................................................................................ 447
Hpan n Hnnnx ................................................................................................... 448
Cnpnx ................................................................................................................ 449
IV. HPEOTBPABEHHE HCHOHI3OBAHH XFO
H MEPI PEAIHPOBAHH ............................................................................ 450
+ou XAPT
Hayunte nccneonannx.................................................................................... 451
Hepcnexrnnt nayxn n rexnonornn.................................................................. 453
10. KOHTPOAB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPYEHHRMH................................ 456
KPATKHH OF3OP ................................................................................................. 456
Bu JHTOHH
I. OIPAHHuEHHE OFIuHIX BOOPYEHHH HO IYMAHHTAPHIM
HPHuHHAM: HOHOEHHE B OFHACTH KACCETHIX
FOEHPHHACOB............................................................................................. 459
Huua IPHH
uerneprax Osopnax xon]epennnx no Konnennnn o nerymannom opyxnn .... 461
Konnennnx no xaccerntm oenpnnacam......................................................... 465
Hepcnexrnnt n ntsont.................................................................................... 466
II. OIPAHHuEHHE BOEHHOIO HOTEHHHAHA PYIHX:
PA3BHTHE COFITHH B OFHACTH KOHTPOH HA
3KCHOPTOM BOOPYEHHH...................................................................... 468
Mapr BPOMHH u I.euu MAKOHAHB
Pexnmt xonrponx na +xcnoprom................................................................... 468
Enponecxn coms ........................................................................................... 469
Pernonantnte ycnnnx n onacrn xonrponx sa nerxnm n crpenxontm
opyxnem n Amepnxe n Enpone......................................................................... 470
Hporpamma ecrnn OOH no nonpocam nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx...... 472
COEPAHHE

XVII
III. MHOIOCTOPOHHHE 3MFAPIO HA HOCTABKH OPYH.................. 475
Hemep . BE3EMAH u Hoo.i KEHHH
Hnnnx ................................................................................................................ 475
Cnpnx ................................................................................................................ 478
pyrne mnorocroponnne +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx ................................ 480
Hapymennx +mapro......................................................................................... 480
IV. OIPAHHuEHHE OFIuHIX BOOPYEHHH B HEHX B HEHX
OFECHEuEHH FE3OHACHOCTH B BOEHHOH OFHACTH:
HPOFHEMA KOHTPOH HA OFIuHIMH BOOPYEHHMH
B EBPOHE ........................................................................................................ 486
Xauc-Hoaxu+ LMHT u Bo.iqeaue 3EHBHEP
oronop o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone .................................... 486
Cypernonantnt xonrpont n Rro-Bocrouno Enpone ............................... 489
Hepcnexrnnt n ntsont.................................................................................... 489
V. MEPI HO OFECHEuEHHR OBEPH H FE3OHACHOCTH.................. 491
Xauc-Hoaxu+ LMHT u Bo.iqeaue 3EHBHEP
Mept no oecneuennm onepnx n Rxno Amepnxe..................................... 491
Hepecmorp Bencxoro oxymenra..................................................................... 492
Fnoxaa Koncyntrarnnno xomnccnn no orxptromy ney............................ 495
OHOAHEHHE A. COIAAmEHHR HO KOHTPOAK HA
BOOPYEHHRMH H PA3OPYEHHK............................................................... 499
Heuue BOEHH
I. YHHBEPCAHIHIE OIOBOPI.................................................................. 500
II. PEIHOHAHIHIE OIOBOPI.................................................................... 519
III. BYCTOPOHHHE OIOBOPI.................................................................... 530
OHOAHEHHE B. MEYHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH
HO COTPYHHHECTBY B OBAACTH BE3OHACHOCTH................................ 533
Heuue BOEHH
I. OPIAHH3AHHH H OPIAHI IHOFAHIHOIO COTPYHHuECTBA..... 533
II. OPIAHH3AHHH H OPIAHI PEIHOHAHIHOIO COTPYHHuECTBA...540
III. COIHABEHH HO YKPEHHEHHR PEHMA 3KCHOPTHOIO
KOHTPOH...................................................................................................... 551
OHOAHEHHE C. XPOHOAOIHR 2011................................................................. 556
Heuue BOEHH
Oo aemopax.................................................................................................................... 577
HPHAOEHHE HM3MO K PYCCKOMY H3AHHK EEIOHHKA
CHHPH 2012
I. AHAHHTHuECKHE CTATIH, HPOIHO3I, HCKYCCHH
1. KAK 3AHYCTHTB HPOHECC MHOIOCTOPOHHEIO
REPHOIO PA3OPYEHHR?..................................................................... 587
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XVIII
Marepnant Yuenoro conera HM3MO............................................................ 587
Hepexo x mnorocroponnemy xepnomy pasopyxennm:
nponemt n napnanrt. Tesnct oxnaa......................................................... 587
A.erce APBATOB
Heperonopt no xepnomy pasopyxennm nyxamrcx n momnom
nnnnnnpymmem nmnyntce............................................................................... 595
A.ercauop KAHBHH
Mnorocroponnee perynnponanne xepntx noopyxenn c nosnnnn reopnn
nrp ................................................................................................................... 599
Cepee A4OHHEB
Heoxonmt rnyoxne mexncnnnnnnapnte nccneonannx........................ 603
A.ercauop PAHVK
Cnoxnax n neonosnaunax nponema ............................................................. 605
B.aou+up BAPAHOBCKHH
2. PEIHOHAABHOE COTPYHHHECTBO CmA B CmEPE
CO3AHHR mHPOKOMACmTABHOH 3mEAOHHPOBAHHOH
CHCTEMB HPO.............................................................................................. 607
Hama.u POMALKHHA
Tnxooxeancxn pernon .................................................................................... 626
Fnnxnenocrount pernon............................................................................... 631
3. POAB REPHOIO OPYHR B KHOH A3HH: HOAHTHKA,
TEXHOAOIHH, OKTPHHB....................................................................... 643
Hemp TOHBHKAHOB
Honnrnuecxne npnunnt xepnoro ntopa mxnoasnarcxnx conepnnxon..... 643
Pasnnrne paxerntx nporpamm n Rxno Asnn............................................... 646
Cocroxnne n nepcnexrnnt pasnnrnx xepntx apcenanon n Hnnn
n Haxncrane...................................................................................................... 650
Heonpeenennocrt xepntx oxrpnn Hnnn n Haxncrana........................... 652
Hponemt xepnoro xonrponx n Rxno Asnn.............................................. 652
4. AEIKOE OPYHE TREABE HPOBAEMB...................................... 655
Hama.i KAHHHHHA
Kon]nnxrnt norennnan HCO....................................................................... 655
Mnpono oopor HCO..................................................................................... 661
Mexynaponax oruernocrt no HCO............................................................. 666
Mept orpannuennx pacnpocrpanennx HCO: xponnxa cotrn.................... 671
Hporpamma ecrnn OOH no HCO n ee pasnnrne........................................ 684
3axnmuenne....................................................................................................... 691
II. HAYuHA 3KCHEPTH3A
5. AKTYAABHBE HPOBAEMB HEPACHPOCTPAHEHHR
REPHOIO OPYHR. KBHAEHHAR KOHmEPEHHHR
MEYHAPOHOIO AKKCEMBYPICKOIO mOPYMA.................. 692
Buaou+up EBCEEB
6. POCCHHCKHE 3KCHEPTB O BO3MOHOCTH HPHBAEHEHHR
KHTAR K MHOIOCTOPOHHHM HEPEIOBOPAM HO KOHTPOAK
HA REPHBMH BOOPYEHHRMH..................................................... 701
Tamiua AHHHKHHA
COEPAHHE

XIX
7. HEPCHEKTHBB HPHCOEHHEHHR HHHH H HAKHCTAHA
K OIPAHHHEHHK REPHBX BOOPYEHHH. KOHmEPEHHHR
B HM3MO......................................................................................................... 712
+umpu HHOB
8. KOHTPOAB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPYEHHBMH CHAAMH
B EBPOHE: BBXO H3 TYHHKA? ............................................................ 716
Auope 3AIOPCKHH
Hontrxn nosponrt pexnm OBCE............................................................... 717
Hepcnexrnnt nonoro cornamennx................................................................... 718
Bosmoxnte napamerpt nono oronopennocrn ............................................ 720
9. OCOBEHHOCTH BOEHHOIO CTPOHTEABCTBA B HOCTCOBETCKHX
HEHTPAABHOA3HATCKHX IOCYAPCTBAX B KOHTEKCTE
BB3OBOB PEIHOHAABHOH BE3OHACHOCTH.................................. 723
Cmauuc.ae HBAHOB
III. OKYMEHTI H CHPABOuHIE MATEPHAHI
10. OB3OP OCHOBHBX OKYMEHTOB Pm HO BOHPOCAM
HAHHOHAABHOH BE3OHACHOCTH, OBOPOHB H KOHTPOAR
HA BOOPYEHHRMH (nnnaptexapt 2012 r.)................................ 730
Ta+apa 4APHACOBA
1. 3axonoarentnte axrt Pu.......................................................................... 730
2. Hopmarnnnte axrt ncnonnnrentno nnacrn ............................................. 732
11. EKAAPAHHR KBHAEHHOH KOHmEPEHHHH
MEYHAPOHOIO AKKCEMBYPICKOIO mOPYMA
AKTYAABHBE HPOBAEMB HEPACHPOCTPAHEHHR
REPHOIO OPYHR (Bepnnn, 45 nmnn 2012 r.) ................................ 738
Aemopi aua.umu:ecroeo oosopa HMJMO PAH......................................................... 740
HPEHCAOBHE K PYCCKOMY H3AHHK


Btxonr n cner 43-e nsanne Exeronnxa CHHPH Boopyxennx, paso-
pyxenne n mexynaponax esonacnocrt. Anropnrer Croxrontmcxoro mex-
ynaponoro nncrnryra nccneonann nponem mnpa (CHHPH) nosnonxer
npnnnexart nx paort na Exeronnxom npnsnanntx cnennanncron, uro
oecneunnaer ntcoxn yponent anannsa axryantntx nponem mexynapo-
no esonacnocrn n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn. 3ror ]axrop, nmecre c npe-
emcrnennocrtm remarnxn, npocnexnnaemo ns roa n ro, npenparnn nsanne
Exeronnxa n cotrne mnponoro yponnx, rpannnonno oxnaemoe +xcnepr-
no omecrnennocrtm.
B nonno mepe +ro ornocnrcx n x poccncxomy nonnrnxo-axaemnuecxomy
coomecrny. nx roro, urot cenart Exeronnx eme onee ocrynntm nx
oreuecrnenntx +xcnepron ponno nanart ner nasa, n 1993 r., Hncrnryr mn-
pono +xonomnxn n mexynapontx ornomenn Poccncxo axaemnn nayx
(HM3MO PAH) conmecrno c CHHPH nauan npoexr no nsannm Exeronnxa
na pyccxom xstxe.
Ynnxantno cocrannxmme +roro nsannx xnnxercx Cnennantnoe npn-
noxenne, xoropoe roronnrcx anropnrerntmn yuentmn n ocnonnom, corpy-
nnxamn HM3MO. Hncrnryr no npany ropnrcx +rnm cnonm ]npmenntm
npoyxrom. nnxxct orentntm npaxrnuecxn camocroxrentntm nccneona-
nnem, cnennpnnoxenne rapmonnuno ononnxer Exeronnx, npecrannxx rou-
xy spennx poccncxnx +xcnepron no nanonee axryantntm nponemam mex-
ynapono esonacnocrn, coxpamennx n orpannuennx noopyxenn.
nx Exeronnxa CHHPH crano rpannne nepnte rnant nocnxmart na-
nonee snaunmtm nponemam npomemero roa. B nsannn sa 2012 r. raxo
remo crana r.n. nonax reononnrnxa nnrepnennnn, coepxamax ananns reo-
nonnrnuecxnx nocnecrnn nnnncxnx cotrn, a raxxe nontrxy ocmtcnennx
nepnoro roa apacxo necnt n ee noenno-nonnrnuecxo cocrannxmme.
B ocrantnom coepxanne Exeronnxa crponrcx no rpannnonnomy npnn-
nnny n coepxnr nonropxmmnecx ns roa n ro noxn, uro oneruaer cpannn-
rentnt ananns paccmarpnnaemtx n nsannn nponem n nnamnxe nx pasnn-
rnx. Hepnax uacrt nsannx anannsnpyer xpynnte noopyxennte xon]nnxrt,
nepcnexrnnt nx npeornpamennx n nponeennx onepann no noepxannm
mnpa. Bropax uacrt nocnxmena nponemarnxe noenntx pacxoon, nponsno-
crny n ropronne opyxnem, anannsy cocrana n nnamnxn pasnnrnx xepntx cnn
crpan mnpa. uacrt rpertx paccmarpnnaer cnoxnte nponemt coxpamennx n
orpannuennx xepntx n otuntx noopyxenn, nepacnpocrpanennx opyxnx
macconoro ynnuroxennx.
B +rom roy n Cnennantnoe npnnoxenne HM3MO PAH nxnmuent ana-
nnrnuecxne marepnant no cront naxno reme, xax nponemt n nosmoxnte
napnanrt nepexoa x mnorocroponnemy xepnomy pasopyxennm. Bnepnte
xomnnexcnomy anannsy nonepraercx nonpoc o ponn xepnoro opyxnx n Rx-
no Asnn, uro orpaxaer namernnmymcx renennnm x nepenocy noenno-
nonnrnuecxnx axnenron Mocxnt n Bamnnrrona na +ror pernon. Taxxe nnep-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 XXII
nte n npnnoxennn npononrcx rnyoxn ananns nponem orpannuennx pac-
npocrpanennx nerxoro crpenxonoro opyxnx.
Tpannnonno Cnennantnoe npnnoxenne yenxer nnnmanne nayuno
+xcneprnse cocroxnnx axryantntx nponem mexynapono esonacnocrn n
xonrponx na noopyxennxmn. B +rom roy na crpannnax npnnoxennx pac-
cmarpnnamrcx axryantnte nponemt nepacnpocrpanennx xepnoro opyxnx
(no nroram ncxyccnn na Rnneno xon]epennnn Mexynaponoro Hmx-
cemyprcxoro ]opyma no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t), npecran-
nent ncxyccnn n +xcneprno cpee o nosmoxnocrn nonneuennx Knrax, a raxxe
Hnnn n Haxncrana n nponecc orpannuennx xepntx noopyxenn (na ocnone
marepnanon xon]epennn n HM3MO PAH).
Hecxontxo rnan nocnxment pyrnm axryantntm na ceronx remam, raxnm
xax: nepcnexrnnt xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone,
ocoennocrn noennoro crponrentcrna n nocrconercxnx nenrpantnoasnarcxnx
rocyapcrnax n xonrexcre ntsonon pernonantno esonacnocrn. B npnnoxe-
nnn, xax npoonxenne rpannn npemecrnymmnx copnnxon, npnnonrcx
omnpnt cnpanount marepnan no ocnonntm oxymenram Pu n onacrn na-
nnonantno esonacnocrn, oopont n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn sa 2012 r.
ocrontm sanepmennem nsannx xnnxercx exnapannx mnneno xon]e-
pennnn napanmero n nocnenne rot snaunrentnt anropnrer n mnpe Mex-
ynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma no npeornpamennm xepno xara-
crpo]t Axryantnte nponemt nepacnpocrpanennx xepnoro opyxnx
(Fepnnn, 45 nmnx 2012 r.).
Pyxonocrno paoro na pyccxnm nsannem Exeronnxa CHHPH ocy-
mecrnnxnn Anexce Aparon, Bnanmnp Fapanoncxn, Cepre Osnonmen.
Hororonxa Cnennantnoro npnnoxennx HM3MO x Exeronnxy CHHPH 2012
npoxonna no pyxonocrnom Anexcanpa Kanxnna. Peaxropamn nepeno-
no uacrn Exeronnxa tnn Ontra Mantnena (nneenne, pasen I), Iannna
Osnonmena (pasen I), Tamapa uapnacona (pasen II), Mapnanna Enrotena n
Hpnna Marneena (pasen III).
Xoren t nocnontsonartcx nosmoxnocrtm ntpasnrt ocoym naroap-
nocrt anropam Cnennantnoro npnnoxennx HM3MO Tartxne Annuxnno,
Anexcem Aparony, Ceprem A]onneny, Bnanmnp Fapanoncxomy, Bnanmnpy
Enceeny, Anpem 3aropcxomy, Cranncnany Hnanony, Harante Kannnnno,
Anexcanpy Kanxnny, Anexcanpy Pauyxy, Haranne Pomamxnno, Herpy
Tontuxanony, Tamape uapnacono, mnrpnm unxony.
Btpaxam npnsnarentnocrt sa oprannsannonno-rexnnuecxym paory na
pyccxo nepcne Exeronnxa CHHPH corpynnxam HM3MO mnrpnm un-
xony, Banenrnne Marneeno, Exarepnne Iopenoncxo. Fnaroapm Fopnca Knn-
menxo sa nororonxy opnrnnan-maxera.
Hpnnomy rnyoxym naroapnocrt ueepantnomy enapramenry Bne-
napnn no oopone, rpaxancxo samnre n cnopry sa rpannnonnoe coecr-
nne nsannm +roro rpya.
Axaemnx Anexcanp tnxnn,
npexrop HM3MO PAH,
ma 2013 r.
HPEHCAOBHE

c paocrtm npecrannxm 43- ntnycx namero ]narmancxoro nsannx,
Exeronnxa CHHPH. 3ra xnnra, ntxoxmax n neuarnom n +nexrponnom nne
na anrnncxom xstxe, a raxxe n nepenoax na apacxn, xnracxn, pyccxn
n yxpanncxn xstxn, apeconana mnpoxomy mexynaponomy xpyry nonnrn-
uecxnx nnepon, nonnrnxon, +xcnepron n onacrn esonacnocrn, npenpnnn-
marene, nnnomaron, xypnanncron, yuentx ncem, xoro nonnymr rnoant-
nte mnponte nponecct. Hsanax nam Exeronnx c 1969 r., mt crpemnmcx x
romy, urot on orneuan uaxnnxm unrarene n cnyxnn nanonee ncecroponnnm
exerontm nrorontm osopom cotrn n c]epe mexynapono esonacno-
crn, noopyxenn n pasopyxennx.
B nocnenne rot cnryannx n onacrn rnoantno n pernonantno
esonacnocrn crana xax nnxora cnoxno n nenpecxasyemo, nosnnxno mno-
ro nontx n nouac nenpennenntx yrpos, pncxon n nosmoxnocre. B +rnx
ycnonnxx rem onee nennt n nocrpeonant ananns n ntnot, cenannte n
Exeronnxe CHHPH (a raxxe n pyrnx nynnxannxx Hncrnryra). Ham oc-
rannxer ocoym paocrt, uro n +rom roy nepnym rnany namero Exeronnxa,
nocnxmennym +nonmnnn n yymemy nopm n onacrn samnrt rpaxancxnx
nnn n oxsannocrn ocymecrnnxrt raxym samnry, nanncan tnmn mnnncrp
nnocrpanntx en Ancrpannn Iaper 3nanc, uenonex, npnnnmammn neno-
cpecrnennoe yuacrne n pasnnrnn nonxrnx oxsannocrt samnrt.
Kpome roro, n nacroxmem nsannn paccmarpnnamrcx nsmenennx n npnpoe
xon]nnxron n noopyxennoro nacnnnx, nanmammnecx n nocnenee ecxrnnerne,
reononnrnuecxne acnexrt mnpornopuecxnx onepann, renennnn, cnxsannte c
pacxoamn na noopyxennx, nponsnocrnom opyxnx, ropronne otuntmn noopy-
xennxmn, cocroxnne xepntx apcenanon, nocnenne cotrnx n onacrn xonrponx
na opyxnem macconoro ynnuroxennx, otuntmn noopyxennxmn, cpecrna-
mn n rexnonornxmn nx ocranxn, a raxxe nponecct n onacrn pasopyxennx.
Kax samernr unrarent, mt necxontxo nsmennnn cnoco noaun marepna-
na n Exeronnxe. B naprnepcrne c Ynncantcxo nporpammo anntx o xon-
]nnxrax npecrannent cneennx o rpex rnnax oprannsonannoro nacnnnx: no-
opyxenntx xon]nnxrax c yuacrnem rocyapcrn, nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnx-
rax n onocroponnem nacnnnn n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn. Fnaroapx
+romy nonomy noxoy npnneennte n npoanannsnponannte n Exeronnxe
CHHPH annte o noopyxennom nacnnnn nocxr onee nonnt xapaxrep.
nx yocrna nontsonannx Exeronnxom n nannrannn no nemy n nauane
xaxo rnant npnneeno ee xparxoe nsnoxenne na nyx crpannnax, a camn
rnant crann onee snaunmtmn cocrannxmmnmn nsannx. Mt naeemcx, uro
+rn nsmenennx nomoryr unrarenm. Ocnonnax xe saaua Exeronnxa ocranact
npexne: cnyxnrt rnoantntm omecrnenntm nenxm no yxpennennm eso-
nacnocrn, cranntnocrn n mnpa na 3emne nocpecrnom oecneuennx nayuno
exrentnocrn, nn]opmnponannx omecrnennocrn n coecrnnx ntpaorxe
onrnmantntx nonnrnuecxnx pemenn.
3a nocnenn ro nponsomen px naxntx nsmenenn n n camom Hncrn-
ryre. Camtm snaunmtm ns nnx crano cosanne n ononnenne x namnm ore-
nennxm n Croxrontme n Hexnne Cenepoamepnxancxoro orenennx CHHPH n
Bamnnrrone (oxpyr Konymnx) no pyxonocrnom -pa Banrant e Honr Y-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 XXIV
pa. Fnaroapx +romy n xoe ncxyccn no nponemam esonacnocrn n mexy-
napono nonnrnxn n Cenepno Amepnxe sasnyuar mnennx, ntcxastnaemte c
nontx rnoantntx nosnnn, n yxpennrcx corpynnuecrno mexy CHHPH n
ero naprnepamn sa oxeanom.
Hentsx ne ynomxnyrt n o neuantntx cotrnxx: nect nam Hncrnryr c uyn-
crnom rnyoxo cxopn nocnpnnxn nsnecrne o xonunne namero tnmero xonne-
rn npo]eccopa Tomaca Ontcona n nauane 2012 r. On paoran n CHHPH c 1979
no 1987 r. n nosrnannxn paory na naxnemem nanpannennn no nsyuennm rop-
ronnn noopyxennxmn n nponsnocrna opyxnx. Hocne yxoa on coxpannn rec-
nte npo]eccnonantnte n nnunte cnxsn co mnornmn corpynnxamn namero
Hncrnryra. Mt ntpaxaem ncxpennne coonesnonannx ero cemte n pystxm.
Kax pyxononrent paort na ntnycxom Exeronnxa CHHPH x n oue-
peno pas c rnyoxnm nocxnmennem ormeuam ry orpomnym +neprnm n nn-
rennexryantnym momt, xoropte nxnatnaer nam xonnexrnn n nororonxy n
ntnycx n cner +roro nesamennmoro exeronoro cnpanounoro nsannx. Xoren
t oparnrtcx co cnonamn ocoo naroapnocrn xo ncem anropam n nccneo-
narenxm, nnecmnm nxna n Exeronnx CHHPH 2012, a raxxe mnorouncnen-
ntm nnemnnm penensenram, sa nennte sameuannx no coepxannm ero rnan.
ouent npnsnarenen name neyromnmo peaxropcxo rpynne: -py +nny
Kpynxmanxy, xerre Innnnran Fopr, -py +nny Hparepy n Annnxe Con-
cepn sa nx nensmennt npo]eccnonannsm n npnnepxennocrt eny noro-
ronxn Exeronnxa x nynnxannn.
B nsannx Exeronnxa n n paory Hncrnryra n nenom nnocxr nxna n
mnorne pyrne corpynnxn CHHPH. 3ro samecrnrent npexropa CHHPH
+nn+n Hop, xoopnnarop nayuntx nccneonann Han 3nronn, rnannt
]nnancont cnennanncr CHHPH 3nncer Penepr, npexrop nnnorexn n
orena oxymenrannn Henne Foenn, pyxononrent orena nn]opmannonntx
rexnonorn Iep Xarmeep-Ianepyc, pyxononrent orena no cnxsxm c ome-
crnennocrtm Cre]ann Fnenxnep, cnennantnt pe]epenr npexnnn Cnnrnx
Hoo n nect amnnncrparnnnt n nccneonarentcxn nepconan. Kpome roro,
ntpaxam ocoym naroapnocrt Hpannennm CHHPH, ero npecearenm Ho-
pany Hennmapxepy, ncem pystxm n naprnepam CHHPH no ncemy mnpy sa nx
nomomt n npeannocrt Hncrnryry.
3ro nxroe nsanne Exeronnxa CHHPH, xoropoe x ntnycxam n xauecrne
rnannoro peaxropa. Bmecre c rem +ro nocnenee nsanne, paoro na xoro-
ptm mne ntnana uecrt pyxononrt. B xonne 2012 r. sanepmnrcx nxrnnernn
cpox ecrnnx monx nonnomoun n xauecrne npexropa CHHPH, x noxnam
+ror nocr, urot nosrnannrt Henrp nccneonann CBA n Cnnee, Ancrpannx.
nx menx tno orpomno uecrtm nosrnannxrt CHHPH n nmecre c nt-
ammnmncx nmtmn, nxoxmnmn n Hpannenne Hncrnryra, yuentmn mnpono-
ro xnacca, nepconanom n namnmn mnorouncnenntmn pystxmn n naprnepamn
co ncero mnpa coecrnonart yxpennennm penyrannn Hncrnryra xax yupex-
ennx, cnyxamero rnoantnomy omecrnennomy nary. naroapm ncex
xonner n pyse sa onepne n noepxxy, xoropte noapnnn mne +ry pexym
n sameuarentnym nosmoxnocrt
-p F+rc Innn,
npexrop CHHPH,
ma 2012 r.
COKPAmEHHR H YCAOBHBE OBO3HAHEHHR

AI Ancrpanncxax rpynna
AHT ACEAH nnmc rpn
APu Pernonantnt ]opym ACEAH
AC A]pnxancxn coms
ACEAH Acconnannx rocyapcrn Rro-Bocrouno Asnn
ATTY 3ona or Arnanrnxn o Ypana (ATTU, Atlantic-to-the
Urals zone)
AT3C Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxoe +xonomnuecxoe corpynnuecrno
FAC ecnnnornte annannonnte cncremt
FFHA oeno ecnnnornt nerarentnt annapar
FFM oenax ponnponannax mamnna
FHA ecnnnornt nerarentnt annapar
FO nonornuecxoe opyxne
FPM annncrnuecxax paxera mano antnocrn
FPH annncrnuecxax paxera npomexyrouno antnocrn
FPHH annncrnuecxax paxera nonontx noox
FTP ponerpancnoprep
FRPM Ftnmax Rrocnancxax Pecnynnxa Maxeonnx
BBH nanont nnyrpennn npoyxr
B Baccenaapcxne oronopennocrn
BKF OOH Bepxonnt xomnccap Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann
no enam exennen
BOY ntcoxoooramennt ypan
BHB nsptnoonacnte nepexnrxn nont
I-8 Ipynna noctmn
IKH Iaarcxn xoexc noneennx (ro xe, uro n MKH)
IH3 Ipynna npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron
IH3 Inoantnoe naprnepcrno no xepno +neprernxe
IPH Ipynnt no pexoncrpyxnnn n nponnnnnxx
IYAM Ipysnx, Yxpanna, Asepaxan n Monona
IH Ipynna xepntx nocranmnxon
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XXVI
B3H

oronop o nceoemnmmem sanpemennn xepntx
ncntrann
BP OOH

enapramenr OOH no nonpocam pasopyxennx
3HPM

oronop o sanpemennn nponsnocrna pacmennxmmnxcx ma-
repnanon
KK

nycroponnxx xoncyntrarnnnax xomnccnx (n pamxax nonoro
poccncxo-amepnxancxoro oronopa CHB)
MO

enapramenr no mnpornopuecxnm onepannxm OOH
H

nnxenne nenpncoennennx
HO

oronop o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx
OBCE

oronop o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone
oronop
PCM

oronop o nnxnnannn paxer cpene n mentme antnocrn
oronop
CHB

oronop o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx
noopyxenn
oronop
CHH

oronop o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx no-
rennnanon
PK

emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa Konro
TO

oronop o ropronne opyxnem
Enparom

Enponecxoe coomecrno no aromno +neprnn
EOA

Enponecxoe ooponnoe arenrcrno
EHFO

Enponecxax nonnrnxa n onacrn esonacnocrn n oopont
EHC

Enponecxax nonnrnxa cocecrna
EC

Enponecxn coms
3EC

3ananoenponecxn coms
3COMY

3ona, cnoonax or OMY
3CO

3ona, cnoonax or xepnoro opyxnx
3YP

sennrnax ynpannxemax paxera
HFOP

Hnnnnarnna no esonacnocrn n opte c pacnpocrpanennem
HICY

Hnnnnarnna no rnoantnomy coxpamennm yrpost
HC RBE

Hnnnnarnna no corpynnuecrny n Rro-Bocrouno Enpone
KFTO

Konnennnx o sanpemennn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna n na-
xonnennx sanacon axrepnonornuecxoro (nonornuecxoro) n
roxcnnnoro opyxnx n o nx ynnuroxennn
KBMA

Kon]epennnx no nsanmoecrnnm n mepam onepnx n Asnn
KKF

Konnennnx no xaccerntm oenpnnacam
COKPAUEHHB

XXVII
KKOH

Koncyntrarnnnax xomnccnx no orxptromy ney
KHBOB

Konnennnx 1981 r. o sanpemennn nnn orpannuennn npnme-
nennx nexoroptx nnon otuntx noopyxenn, xoropte
moryr nanecrn upesmepnte nonpexennx nnn onaammne
nensnparentntm ecrnnem (Konnennnx o nexoroptx nn-
ax otuntx noopyxenn)
KHP

Kopecxax Hapono-emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa (Cenep-
nax Kopex)
KOHAKC

Henrpantnoa]pnxancxn coner mnpa n esonacnocrn
KP

Kon]epennnx no pasopyxennm
KPBF

xptnarax paxera nosymnoro asnponannx
KPMF

xptnarax paxera mopcxoro asnponannx
KPHF

xptnarax paxera nasemnoro asnponannx
KXO

Konnennnx o sanpemennn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna, naxo-
nnennx n npnmenennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n o ero ynnu-
roxennn
HCO

nerxoe n crpenxonoe opyxne
MAIAT3

Mexynaponoe arenrcrno no aromno +neprnn
MFP

mexxonrnnenrantnax annncrnuecxax paxera
MF

mept yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn
MOHH

mnnt, ornnunte or npornnonexorntx
MOP

Mexnpannrentcrnennt opran no pasnnrnm
MHK

Mexnpannrentcrnennax xon]epennnx
MC

Mexynapont cy
MCHP

Mexynaponoe coecrnne n onacrn nepacnpocrpanennx
n pasopyxennx
MCCF

Mexynaponte cnnt coecrnnx esonacnocrn
MTFR

Mexynapont rpnynan no tnme Rrocnannn
MY

Mept yxpennennx onepnx
MYC

Mexynapont yrononnt cy
MYTP

Mexynapont yrononnt rpnynan no Pyane
HATO

Oprannsannx Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa
HHOKP

nayuno-nccneonarentcxne n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxne
paort
HOY

nnsxoooramennt ypan
HHO

nenpannrentcrnennax oprannsannx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XXVIII
HI

nexepnoe rocyapcrno
OAI

Oprannsannx amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn
OAHFO

Omea]pnxancxax nonnrnxa esonacnocrn n oopont
OA3

Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart
OFCE

Oprannsannx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone
OBHF

Omax enponecxax nnemnxx nonnrnxa n nonnrnxa eso-
nacnocrn (EC)
OB3H

Oprannsannx oronopa o nceoemnmmem sanpemennn
xepntx ncntrann
OBT

Orpannunnaemte oronopom noopyxennx n rexnnxa
OKF

Oprannsannx oronopa o xonnexrnnno esonacnocrn
O3XO

Oprannsannx no sanpemennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
OHK

Oprannsannx Hcnamcxax xon]epennnx
OMY

opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx
OOH

Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann
OHAHAH

Arenrcrno no sanpemennm xepnoro opyxnx n Harnncxo
Amepnxe n Kapncxom accene
OHEK

Oprannsannx crpan -+xcnoprepon ne]rn
OHP

o]nnnantnax nomomt n nenxx pasnnrnx
OCPB

Oprannsannx no conmecrno paspaorxe noopyxenn
Ou3C

Oprannsannx uepnomopcxoro +xonomnuecxoro corpynn-
uecrna
O3CP

Oprannsannx +xonomnuecxoro corpynnuecrna n pasnnrnx
H3PK

nepenocno sennrno-paxernt xomnnexc
HHM

npornnonexornax mnna
HPM

"Haprnepcrno pan mnpa" (nporpamma)
HPO

npornnopaxernax oopona
HPOOH

Hporpamma pasnnrnx Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann
HCC

npornnocnyrnnxonax cncrema
PIu HH

pasenxmmaxcx rononnax uacrt nnnnnyantnoro naneennx
PP

pasopyxenne, emonnnsannx n pennrerpannx
PKPT

Pexnm xonrponx sa paxerntmn rexnonornxmn
PHH

paxera xnacca "nonepxnocrt-nonepxnocrt"
PCF

pe]opma cexropa esonacnocrn
CAAPK

Acconnannx pernonantnoro corpynnuecrna n Rxno Asnn
COKPAUEHHB

XXIX
CAK

Coomecrno no nonpocam pasnnrnx crpan mra A]pnxn
CBHB

corpynnuecrno no nnyrpnnonnrnuecxnm n npanontm no-
npocam (EC)
CBY

camoentnoe nsptnnoe ycrpocrno
CIFM

Coner rocyapcrn Fanrncxoro mopx
CEAH

Coner enpo-arnanrnuecxoro naprnepcrna
CKI

Conmecrnax xoncyntrarnnnax rpynna
CHI

Copyxecrno Hesanncnmtx Iocyapcrn
CPKK

Cypernonantnax xoncyntrarnnnax xomnccnx
CC3

Coner corpynnuecrna crpan 3annna
CCCH

Cnennantnt cy nx Cteppa-Heone
CYY

Conmecrnoe ymentmenne yrpost (nporpamma)
YBKHu

Ynpannenne Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no npanam
uenonexa
YHACYP

Coms mxnoamepnxancxnx nann
]nn.r.

]nnancont ro
uCF

uopym no corpynnuecrny n onacrn esonacnocrn
XFO

xnmnuecxoe n nonornuecxoe opyxne
XFPO

xnmnuecxoe, nonornuecxoe, panonornuecxoe n xepnoe
opyxne
XO

xnmnuecxoe opyxne
HAP

Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa
HPT

Henn n onacrn pasnnrnx, c]opmynnponannte n exnapa-
nnn rtcxuenernx
uBK

uacrnte noennte (oxpannte) xomnannn
BOC

Banxacxax oprannsannx corpynnuecrna
3KOBAC

3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno rocyapcrn 3anano A]pnxn
3CHAI

3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno nenrpantnoa]pnxancxnx rocy-
apcrn
RACO

Rxnoamepnxancxn coner oopont
RCAH

Arenrcrno CBA no mexynaponomy pasnnrnm
FXO

xepnoe, nonornuecxoe n xnmnuecxoe opyxne
I

xepnoe rocyapcrno


EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

XXX
Ycnonnme oosnauennn
. . annte neocrynnt nno nenpnmennmt
( ) nerounte annte
nynenax nnn nesnaunrentnax nennunna
xr xnnorpamm
xm xnnomerp
mnn mnnnnon
mnp mnnnnap
rpnn rpnnnnon
rtc. rtcxua
$ onnapt CBA, ecnn ne yxasano nnoe
enpo

Ieorpaqnuecxne pernonm n cypernonm
A]pnxa Cenepnax A]pnxa, sa ncxnmuennem Ernnra (Anxnp, Hnnnx,
Mapoxxo n Tynnc), n crpant A]pnxn x mry or Caxapt
Amepnxa Cenepnax Amepnxa (Kanaa n CBA), Henrpantnax Amepnxa
n crpant accena Kapncxoro mopx (n rom uncne Mexcnxa)
n Rxnax Amepnxa
Asnx n Oxeannx Henrpantnax Asnx, Bocrounax Asnx, Oxeannx, Rxnax Asnx
(nxnmuax A]ranncran) n Rro-Bocrounax Asnx
Enpona Bocrounax Enpona (Apmennx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Ipy-
snx, Monona, Poccnx n Yxpanna), 3ananax n Henrpantnax
Enpona (n rom uncne Rro-Bocrounax Enpona); npn paccmor-
pennn noenntx pacxoon x 3anano n Henrpantno Enpo-
ne ornocxr raxxe n Typnnm
Fnnxnn Bocrox Ernner, Hpan, Hpax, Hspannt, Hopannx, Kyner, Hnnan,
Cnpnx, Typnnx n rocyapcrna Apanncxoro nonyocrpona









BBEEHHE
Mexynaponax esonacnocrt, noopyxennx n pasopyxenne
Inana 1. Pearnponanne na macconte snepcrna: nonax reononnrnxa
nmemarentcrna


BBEEHHE



MEYHAPOHAR BE3OHACHOCTB,
BOOPYEHHR H PA3OPYEHHE


F+rc IHHH


I. OHEHKA COFITHH HPOBEBEIO IOA

B npomemem roy n mnpe coxpannnnct crapte n nosnnxnn nonte npo-
xnnennx neonpeenennocrn n necranntnocrn, a n CBA n y nx nnxamnx
comsnnxon ycnnnnoct annenne n nenxx antnemero coxpamennx n es roro
ymentmnnmnxcx noenntx mxeron. Bo mnornx crpanax, n rom uncne n o-
naammnx pasnnro +xonomnxo n noenno momtm, tnn nneent mept xe-
crxo +xonomnn, uro eme onee orpannunno nx ]nnanconte nosmoxnocrn,
nonnrnuecxym roronnocrt n noennt norennnan nx pemennx cnoxntx npo-
nem. Conocrannenne norpenocre n onacrn esonacnocrn c +xonomnue-
cxnmn peannxmn ntsnano no mnornx rocyapcrnax nonym ceptesnym nonny
earon n pacrymee ocosnanne roro, uro cyryo noennte pemennx c ontmo
one nepoxrnocrn yyr yrpaunnart cnom axryantnocrt npn pemennn peant-
ntx saau n onacrn esonacnocrn n yymem. Tax, n 2011 r. n omecrnennom
cosnannn yxopennncx resnc o rom, uro nexoropte nanonee ceptesnte rpy-
nocrn na nyrn oecneuennx nponnerannx n esonacnocrn pasnnrtx crpan, xax
n cymecrnymmnx mexynapontx nncrnryron n onacrn esonacnocrn n o-
nee mnpoxom cmtcne, npecrannxmr ne yrpost esonacnocrn n rpannnon-
nom nx nonnmannn, a ]nnanconax esornercrnennocrt n pacrounrentnocrt, n
rom uncne onrocpounte nsepxxn npoonxammnxcx non n Hpaxe n A]ra-
nncrane.
Boccrannx n cmena pexnmon, nponsomemne n apacxnx crpanax n
2011 r., npnnnexnn nnnmanne mnponoro coomecrna. B Faxpene, Ernnre, Hn-
nnn, Tynnce n Hemene nornnn cornn rpaxancxnx nnn n noennocnyxamnx.
Mexynapono peaxnne na +rn cotrnx crana onepannx Oennennt
samnrnnx no pyxonocrnom HATO n c manarom Oprannsannn Oennen-
ntx Hann, xoropax ctrpana pont n cmemennn npanxmero pexnma n Hnnnn.
B Cnpnn, necmorpx na nneenne nce onee crpornx canxnn n npnmenenne
pyrnx xaparentntx mep co cropont OOH, Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn, Typ-
nnn, CBA, Enponecxoro comsa (EC), ne yanoct onrtcx cnnxennx yponnx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 4
nacnnnx, n pesyntrare xoroporo n 2011 r., xax coomanoct, nornno onee
5000 uenonex, ontmnncrno ns xoroptx rpaxancxne nnna. B 2011 r. ne ony
rtcxuy xnsne ynecno noopyxennoe nacnnne n pyrnx rouxax mnpa. Fonee
1000 uenonex nornnn n pesyntrare mex+rnnuecxoro xon]nnxra n oxecrouen-
ntx oen mexy npornnoopcrnymmnmn nonnrnuecxnmn rpynnnponxamn n
Kor-Hnyape. Ipomxne reppopncrnuecxne axrt c ontmnm uncnom xeprn
tnn conepment n A]ranncrane, Hpaxe, Hnrepnn, Haxncrane n Comann, a
raxxe n Hopnernn, na Cenepnom Kanxase n Poccnn, na sanae Knrax n n py-
rnx pernonax mnpa. 3a ecxrt ner, c 2001 no 2010 r., nanmanoct cnnxenne
omero uncna cnyuaen oprannsonannoro noopyxennoro nacnnnx, rem ne menee
n 2010 r. tno sa]nxcnponano 30 noopyxenntx xon]nnxron (n rom uncne, no
xpane mepe, onn c yuacrnem rocyapcrna), 26 nerocyapcrnenntx xon-
]nnxron n ne menee 18 cnyuaen onocroponnero nacnnnx, conepmennoro noo-
pyxenntmn ]opmnponannxmn n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn. C rem urot
ycranonnrt mnp n pernonax, oxnauenntx necranntnocrtm, n 2011 r. tno
saecrnonano onee 262 000 mnpornopnen n cocrane 52 onepann.
B nmne 2011 r. npesnenr CBA Fapax Oama oxnnn, uro n cnxsn c
rem, uro ontmax uacrt nocrannenntx saau ntnonnena, CBA ntneyr ns
A]ranncrana 10 000 noennocnyxamnx x xonny roa, nocne uero, xax oxna-
ercx, x cepenne 2012 r. sa nnmn nocneymr eme 20 000 noennocnyxamnx. B
exape 2011 r. nocne enxrn ner nont n Hpaxe o]nnnantno sanepmnnoct
noennoe npncyrcrnne CBA n +ro crpane: 18 exapx 2011 r. ee reppnropnm
noxnnynn nocnenne oente nopasenennx. Onaxo nepcnexrnnt A]rann-
crana n Hpaxa n nyumem cnyuae moxno nasnart rymanntmn. Oe crpant npo-
onxar opty c nnyrpennnmn nponemamn, cnxsanntmn c mexoycontm
xon]nnxrom, a nnocrpannte epxant na nporxxennn neonpeenennoro npe-
menn yyr rem nnn nntm opasom nmemnnartcx, crpemxct nonnnxrt na pas-
nnrne cotrn. B 2011 r. ymnn ns xnsnn raxne neonosnaunte nnept, xax
Ycama en Haen, Myammap Kaa]n n Knm uen Hp, ocrannn, rem ne menee,
nocne cex nacnene, xoropoe yer eme ne onn ro nnnxrt na pernonantnym
n rnoantnym esonacnocrt.
Mnponte noennte pacxot n 2011 r. cocrannnn 1738 mnp onn. CBA,
ne ynennunnmnct nnepnte c 1998 r. 3ro oxcnxercx rem, uro ocrannct na
npexnem yponne nnn coxparnnnct noennte mxert 10 ns 15 crpan, nmem-
mnx nanontmne noennte pacxot, n rom uncne CBA n nexoroptx ns nx oc-
nonntx comsnnxon n Enpone n Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxom pernone. Onaxo
necmorpx na ro, uro nnx rnoantntx noenntx pacxoon yxe npoen, no-
npexnemy pacryr oemt nepeau otuntx noopyxenn n npoax npoyx-
nnn 100 xpynnemnx xomnann, nponsnoxmnx noopyxennx n oxastnammnx
noennte ycnyrn. Kpome roro, xorx omn oem pacxoon na noennte nenn n
2011 r. ne ntpoc no cpannennm c npetymnm room, ooponnte mxert 5
ns 15 crpan, nmemmnx xpynnemne noennte pacxot, Knrax, Poccnn, Cay-
oncxo Apannn, Rxno Kopen n Typnnn ynennunnnct. Hs 15 crpan c nan-
ontmnmn noenntmn pacxoamn nx maxcnmantnoe ynennuenne n 2002
2011 rr. tno ormeueno y Knrax (na 170%), Cayoncxo Apannn (90%), Poc-
cnn (79%) n Hnnn (66%). Hpn +rom xepnte rocyapcrna npoonxnnn mo-
epnnsannm, a n nexoroptx cnyuaxx n pacmnpenne cnonx apcenanon. Tax, no
cocroxnnm na xonen 2011 r., +rn nocemt rocyapcrn pacnonarann conoxynntm
BBEEHHE 5
apcenanom npnnnsnrentno n 19 000 xepntx oesapxon, ns xoroptx oxono
2000 noepxnnanoct n cocroxnnn ntcoxo oeroronnocrn. Mnponoe coo-
mecrno ne nepecranano ncntrtnart oecnoxoennocrt n cnxsn c xepntmn
nporpammamn Hpana n Cenepno Kopen. Hpoonxanmeecx rpn roa paccne-
onanne Mexynaponoro arenrcrna no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) npnmno
x ntnoy, uro naxoxmncx n Cnpnn oexr, paspymennt nspanntcxnm
annayapom n 2007 r., tn c ontmo one nepoxrnocrn xepntm peaxro-
pom, o xoropom cnpncxoe npannrentcrno ne saxnnno nonpexn cnonm mexy-
napontm oxsarentcrnam.
B 2011 r. n mnpe tn ormeuen n px nosnrnnntx cotrn, xorx n cnxsn c
xaxtm ns nnx npncyrcrnyer nexoropax neonpeenennocrt. Onacennx, uro
cocroxnmncx n xnnape 2011 r. pe]epenym no nonpocy o nesanncnmocrn
Rxnoro Cyana npnneer x macconomy xpononponnrnm, ne onpanannct, n n
nmne roro xe roa crpana ncrynnna n Oprannsannm Oennenntx Hann n
xauecrne 193-ro unena. Onaxo x nauany 2012 r. nacnnne na nono rpannne
mexy Cyanom n Rxntm Cyanom nauano nepepacrart n noennte ecrnnx.
B xnnape 2011 r. acxcxoe cenaparncrcxoe nnxenne n Hcnannn (3TA) ox-
nnno o nnrentnom npexpamennn ornx, xoropoe ne napymeno o cnx nop. Ho-
mnmo +roro, n mae o npexpamennn ornx oronopnnnct Kamoxa n Tannan,
mexy xoroptmn cymecrnyer norpannunt cnop, n Mexynapont cy no-
cranonnn npemenno oxnnrt cnopnt paon emnnnrapnsonanno sono.
Hecmorpx na +ro, o xonna roa ne tno peannsonano npenaraemoe corname-
nne mexy croponamn o pasneprtnannn n cnopnom paone nnonesncxnx
nanmarene.
B onacrn xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n ]enpane 2011 r. na cocroxn-
mecx n Mmnxene nepemonnn npecrannrenn Poccnn n CBA omenxnnct
parn]nxannonntmn rpamoramn nonncannoro n 2010 r. oronopa o mepax no
antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx
noopyxenn (nont oronop CHB). Kpome roro, n nmne nxrt nocroxnntx
unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnra-
nnx n CBA conmecrntmn ycnnnxmn nnenn perynxpnt omen no nonpocam
rpancnapenrnocrn, nponepxn n mep yxpennennx onepnx n xepno onacrn,
xoropt n nepcnexrnne moxer nocnyxnrt nepntm marom x ocyxennm nce-
oemnmmero xepnoro pasopyxennx n yymem. B noxpe n xauecrne mara x
yxpennennm onepnx na pernonantnom yponne Rxnoamepnxancxn coner
oopont n cocrane mnnncrpon oopont crpan xonrnnenra oronopnncx o
omene nn]opmanne o noenntx pacxoax na npnnnnnax rpancnapenrnocrn.


II. EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012:
OF3OP, TEMI H OCHOBHIE BIBOI


Kpa1xnn osop

Bxna n paccmorpenne nepeuncnenntx ntme, a raxxe pyrnx nonpocon
na crpannnax nacroxmero nsannx, 43-ro ntnycxa E+eeoouura CHHPH, nne-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 6
cnn 39 +xcnepron ns 17 crpan. Hmn tnn saoxymenrnponant n npoanannsn-
ponant naxnte renennnn n cotrnx 2011 r. n onacrn mexynapono eso-
nacnocrn, noopyxenn n pasopyxennx, n rom uncne cotrnx, cnxsannte c
noopyxenntmn xon]nnxramn n nacnnnem, mnorocroponnnmn mnpornopue-
cxnmn onepannxmn, noenntmn pacxoamn, nponsnocrnom noopyxenn, mex-
ynapontmn nepeauamn otuntx noopyxenn, nepacnpocrpanennem, xon-
rponem na noopyxennxmn n mepamn yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn.
Hacroxmn ntnycx E+eeoouura orxptnaer crartx tnmero mnnncrpa
nnocrpanntx en Ancrpannn Iapera 3nanca. Onnpaxct na cno orart me-
xynapont ontr, on paccmarpnnaer nonym reononnrnxy nmemarentcrna, n
uacrnocrn, ormeuennte sa nocnenee ecxrnnerne nsmenennx, xacammnecx
samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n xon]nnxrax n xonnennnn oxsarentno samnrt.
3nanc npnnnman camoe nenocpecrnennoe yuacrne n pasnnrnn n nonynxpnsa-
nnn na rnoantnom yponne nopm n npaxrnxn n onacrn samnrt rpaxancxnx
nnn n xon]nnxrax n oxsannocrn oecneuennx raxo samnrt. B cnoe rnane
on nouepxnnaer ]opmnpymmymcx rnepym npnnepxennocrt mexynapo-
noro coomecrna +rnm nym npnnnnnam. 3ra rnana ocoenno cnoenpemenna c
yuerom roro, uro nanncana ona nenocpecrnenno no cneam onepannn n Hn-
nnn n 2011 r. n na ]one pocra oecnoxoennocrn n 20112012 rr. n cnxsn c na-
cnnnem n xpononponnrnem n Cnpnn. B ne aercx crpyxrypnponannt ananns
npaxrnuecxnx maron nx antnemero yxpennennx cymecrnymmero xoncen-
cyca ornocnrentno samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n xon]nnxrax.
Ocrantnax uacrt E+eeoouura CHHPH 2012 pasenena na rpn ocnonnte
uacrn. B uacrn I paccmarpnnamrcx nponecct, cnxsannte c noopyxenntmn
xon]nnxramn n yperynnponannem xon]nnxron, n uacrn II onncant n npoana-
nnsnponant naxnte renennnn na rnoantnom, pernonantnom n nannonant-
nom yponnxx, xacammnecx noopyxenn, n rom uncne cnxsannte c noenntmn
pacxoamn, nponsnocrnom noopyxenn, nepeauamn noopyxenn n xepnt-
mn apcenanamn, a n uacrn III ocnement naxnemne ns nocnennx cotrn n
onacrn pasopyxennx, n rom uncne onenxa cnryannn n c]epe nepacnpocrpane-
nnx xepntx noopyxenn n xonrponx na nnmn, yrpost, xoropte npecran-
nxmr xnmnuecxoe n nonornuecxoe opyxne, a raxxe ycnnnx n onacrn xon-
rponx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn. Inant ononnxmrcx orartm ]axrnuec-
xnm marepnanom n nne rannn n npnnoxennxmn, n xoroptx npnneena
noponax nn]opmannx o mexynapontx cornamennxx n onacrn nepacnpo-
crpanennx n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, mexynapontx oprannsannxx,
sannmammnxcx nonpocamn esonacnocrn, a raxxe xpononornx naxnemnx
cotrn n 2011 r. Homnmo +roro, n E+eeoouure CHHPH 2012 nynnxymrcx
pesyntrart paort rpex xpynntx oprannsann-naprnepon: ocroxrentnax
noopxa anntx no oprannsonannomy nacnnnm, nororonnennax Ynncant-
cxo nporpammo anntx o xon]nnxrax, Inoantnt nnexc mnponmnx, co-
crannxemt Hncrnryrom +xonomnxn n mnpa n corpynnuecrne c anannrnue-
cxnm orenom xypnana 3xonomncr, n noopxa anntx o rnoantntx sana-
cax ooramennoro ypana n nnyronnx n momnocrxx no nx nponsnocrny,
cocrannxemax Mexynapono rpynno +xcnepron no pacmennxmmnmcx ma-
repnanam.


BBEEHHE 7
Ocnonnme 1enennnn n nmnom

B cnoe conoxynnocrn marepnant E+eeoouura CHHPH 2012 npecran-
nxmr coo nanonee ncecroponnmm n rnyoxym anannrnuecxym onenxy co-
trn n onacrn mexynapono esonacnocrn, noopyxenn n pasopyxennx.
Anropt annoro, xax n npetymnx ntnycxon E+eeoouura CHHPH, yxast-
namr na nanonee ycrounnte conpemennte renennnn, xoropte onpeenxmr
cotrnx n onacrn rnoantno n pernonantno esonacnocrn, noopyxenn n
pasopyxennx. Hs +rnx renennn cxnatnaercx onee nnamnunax n cnoxnax
rnoantnax xaprnna n onacrn esonacnocrn, re neymne epxant cranxn-
namrcx c neoxnanntmn npenxrcrnnxmn, re nosnnxamr nonte nenrpt cnnt,
re sarpynxercx ]ynxnnonnponanne rpannnonntx nncrnryron n ntnonne-
nne nopm npn pemennn rexymnx n yymnx saau n onacrn esonacnocrn.


Hpenmcmeu ua nymu eeoyuux oep+ae

C]opmnponanmnecx epxant, n ocoennocrn CBA n nx ocnonnte en-
ponecxne naprnept, cranxnnamrcx c onronpemenntmn orpannuennxmn
cnonx +xonomnuecxnx, nonnrnuecxnx n noenntx nosmoxnocre no pearnpo-
nannm na rnoantnte n pernonantnte ntsont n onacrn esonacnocrn. 3ro,
no nce nnnmocrn, xacaercx, npexe ncero, npnmenennx noenno cnnt, no
raxxe sarparnnaer c]ept pasnnrnx n nnnomarnn. Taxne orpannuennx, rnan-
ntm opasom, cnxsant c neoxonmocrtm crporo +xonomnn mxerntx
cpecrn n nepno nocne xpnsnca, sarponynmero ontmym uacrt pasnnrtx ro-
cyapcrn.
Hexoropte ntnot n ]axrnuecxne annte, npnneennte n nacroxmem
nsannn, nouepxnnamr +ry renennnm x crporo +xonomnn. Hoxany, ona
nanonee uerxo npocnexnnaercx n onacrn noenntx pacxoon. Kax nopono
noxasano n rnane 4, nanpnmep, n nepno c 2002 no 2011 r. noennte pacxot
ontmnncrna ocnonntx comsnnxon CBA n Enpone, sa ncxnmuennem Bennxo-
pnrannn, coxpamannct. B conoxynnocrn n peantnom ntpaxennn noennte
mxert enponecxnx unenon Oprannsannn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa
(HATO) na annt momenr nepnynnct x yponnm 2002 r. n, xax npornosnpyer-
cx, yyr cnnxartcx n nnpet n reuenne necxontxnx cneymmnx ner. 3a +ror
nepno ceptesno coxparnnnct (na 2.5%) n noennte pacxot nonnn. B rna-
ne 4 erantno paccmarpnnamrcx nexoropte ns nocnecrnn mep +xonomnn nx
noenntx mxeron CBA n enponecxnx crpan. Hpnneennte n nacroxme
rnane nn]pt paccunrant es yuera ormeuaemo n CBA (nanomnnm, uro npo-
onxnrentnoe yuacrne CBA n xon]nnxre n A]ranncrane crano camo nn-
rentno nono n ncropnn crpant) n n ee crpanax-comsnnnax ycranocrn or
nont, xoropax cosaer neocxsaemte, no or +roro ne menee peantnte n no-
nnrnuecxom ornomennn orpannuennx na noennym exrentnocrt +rnx crpan n
nnxamne rot.
Bne ncxxnx comnenn, CBA n nx comsnnxn no-npexnemy sannmamr
nepnte mecra n cnncxax crpan, onaammnx nanontme noenno momtm.
Kax noxasano n uacrn II nacroxmero nsannx, CBA ocramrcx nenpensoen-
ntm nnepom no oemy noennoro mxera: nx noennte pacxot npentma-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 8
mr conoxynnte noennte pacxot 14 crpan, cneymmnx sa nnmn no cnncxy.
Bepoxrnee ncero, onn coxpanxr +ro nonoxenne na nporxxennn eme mnornx
ner, necmorpx nn na xaxne mept +xonomnn mxerntx cpecrn. Kpome roro,
nectma nepoxrno, uro onn ns camtx xpynntx noenntx mxeron n mnpe co-
xpanxr n px comsnnxon CBA, n rom uncne Bennxopnrannx, upannnx, no-
nnx, Iepmannx, Rxnax Kopex, Ancrpannx n Typnnx. He yrparnrt noennoe
npenmymecrno n oospnmom yymem +rnm crpanam, n ocoennocrn CBA,
nosnonxr nx nnnecrnnnn n nonte nnt noopyxenn n rexnonornn. Fonee ro-
ro, raxne crpant, xax CBA, Bennxopnrannx, upannnx n Iepmannx, xnnxm-
mnecx xpynnemnmn mnpontmn +xcnoprepamn ocnonntx nnon otuntx
noopyxenn, yyr n nnpet oxastnart nnnomarnuecxoe n noennoe nnnxnne
na +ry orpacnt ropronnn. Tem ne menee ornocnrentnte npenmymecrna c]op-
mnponanmnxcx epxan yyr orpannuent no cpannennm c nocnennmn roa-
mn, nocxontxy +rnm crpanam npecronr nepexnrt nenerxn nepno xecrxo
]nnancono +xonomnn n crpemnennn onrtcx ontmero mentmnmn sarpara-
mn nnn, uro onee nepoxrno, onrtcx mentmero mentmnmn sarparamn. Ho
nce nnnmocrn, nepnte nonnrnuecxne n oneparnnnte rpynocrn n monnn-
sannn n pasneprtnannn xoannnnonntx cnn no pyxonocrnom HATO n Hnnnn
xnnxmrcx npenecrnnxamn yymnx cnoxnocre. Tax, n cocran xoannnnn no-
mno menee nononnnt ns 28 unenon HATO (npnuem Iepmannx npnnxna rnep-
oe pemenne ne yuacrnonart n onepannn), a raxxe Bnennx, Hopannx, Karap
n Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart.


Hoe.euue uoeix eumpoe cu.i u ueeocyoapcmeeuuix cyoermoe

Kax ormeueno n nacroxmem n npetymnx ntnycxax CHHPH, n mnpe
nmeercx nemano rocyapcrn, cymecrnymmnx nne rpannnonno cncremt co-
msnnxon CBA n naxannnnammnx nce ontmn +xonomnuecxn, nnnomarn-
uecxn n noennt norennnan, nosnonxmmn nm nnnxrt na nonoxenne en n
c]epe esonacnocrn na pernonantnom, a nnora n na rnoantnom yponne. 3a-
mernt pocr noenntx pacxoon Knrax, Poccnn, Hnnn n Cayoncxo Apannn,
ormeuennt ntme +ro nnmt uacrt cxnatnammecx cnryannn. Hemano
crpan, xoropte, ne nxox n uncno rocyapcrn c xpynnemnmn noenntmn pac-
xoamn, rem ne menee ynennunnamr cnon noennte nnnecrnnnn sa cuer crpe-
mnrentnoro +xonomnuecxoro pocra nnn orartx pecypcon. Tax, Anxnp yne-
nnunn cnon noennte pacxot na 44% n nepno c 2010 no 2011 r. Boennte
mxert Hnonesnn n Bternama ynennunnnct onee uem na 80% c nauana
2000-x roon. Kax noxasano n rnane 6, na onm nxrn xpynnemnx nmnoprepon
ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn n 20062011 rr. Hnnn, Rxno Ko-
pen, Haxncrana, Knrax n Cnnranypa npnmnoct 30% nmnopra noopyxenn
sa +ror nepno, npnuem nce yxasannte crpant pacnonoxent n Asnn. B rna-
ne 5, nocnxmenno nponsnocrny opyxnx n noenntm ycnyram, ocnonnoe nnn-
manne yenxercx Hnnn n ormeuaercx, uro crpana paccunrtnaer n nnxamne
necxontxo ner sarparnrt npnnnsnrentno 150 mnp onn. CBA na noennym
rexnnxy, c rem urot moepnnsnponart cnon noopyxennte cnnt.
Cornacno rnane 3, 32 ns 52 mnpornopuecxnx onepann, ocymecrnnxnmnxcx
n 2011 r., npononnnct pernonantntmn oprannsannxmn, antxncamn nnn cnenn-
BBEEHHE 9
antntmn xoannnnxmn. Xorx no rnane ontmnncrna ns nnx croxnn cenepoar-
nanrnuecxne nncrnryrt, n rom uncne EC, HATO n Oprannsannx no esonac-
nocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE), nce ontmym nonnrnuecxym n
axe noennym axrnnnocrt crann npoxnnxrt n pernonantnte oprannsannn sa
npeenamn rpancarnanrnuecxoro npocrpancrna. Kax ormeuaercx n rnanax 1, 2,
3 n 10, raxne oprannsannn, xax A]pnxancxn coms, Hnra apacxnx rocy-
apcrn n Coner corpynnuecrna crpan 3annna (CC3), sanxnn onee xecrxym
nosnnnm, npnstnax OOH n mexynaponoe coomecrno npnnxrt mept nx
noannennx nacnnnx n raxnx rouxax, xax Kor-Hnyap, Hnnnx n Cnpnx. Baxno
ormernrt, uro Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn n xonne 2011 r. oprannsonana n pas-
nepnyna cnom nepnym mnpornopuecxym onepannm nanmarentnym mnc-
cnm n Cnpnn, ntraxct yperynnponart cnryannm c noccrannem n crpane n no-
noxnrt xonen +cxanannn nacnnnx n ornomennn rpaxancxoro nacenennx.
3ro n pyrnm pernonantntm oprannsannxm no-npexnemy ne xnaraer nonn-
rnuecxoro n noennoro norennnana nx nonnocrtm camocroxrentntx ecr-
nn, no ro, uro mexynaponoe coomecrno, n uacrnocrn neymne epxant,
npeocrannxmr raxnm pernonantntm cyexram nosmoxnocrt onee ornercr-
nenno noorn x onpeenennm n paspemennm sarparnnammnx nx nponem n
onacrn esonacnocrn ona ns xapaxrepntx ocoennocre namero npemenn.
Iocyapcrna n mexrocyapcrnennte pernonantnte oprannsannn ne
enncrnennte cyexrt, yxpennxmmne cnoe ornocnrentnoe nnnxnne n anro-
pnrer. Kax nouepxnnamr anropt nccneonann, nponeenntx npn nororon-
xe nacroxmero n npetymnx nsann E+eeoouura CHHPH, no-npexnemy
snaunrentnym pont n pasnnrnn pernonantntx n axe rnoantntx nponeccon
n c]epe esonacnocrn nrpamr nerocyapcrnennte cyexrt. Bosecrnne
nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron nanonee nonno onncano n ntnoax rnan 2 n 3,
nocnxmenntx renennnxm, cnxsanntm c noopyxenntmn xon]nnxramn n ype-
rynnponannem xon]nnxron coornercrnenno. Hpncrantnoe nanmenne sa noo-
pyxenntm nacnnnem n mnpe nosnonxer cenart ntno o ecrannnsnpymme
ponn nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron n xoe xon]nnxron n nacnnnn n ornome-
nnn rpaxancxnx nnn. Inana 2 nocnxmena nacnnnm co cropont xax rocyap-
crnenntx, rax n nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron, nanpannennomy xax npornn
pyrnx rocyapcrnenntx n nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron, rax n npornn rpa-
xancxoro nacenennx. B rnane 3 raxxe nopono pasnpaercx xpnrnuecxn
naxnoe nnnxnne nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron na nce ]opmt oprannsonanno-
ro nacnnnx n nx pont uacro nenrpantnax n sonax xon]nnxron, n rom uncne
n A]ranncrane, emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro, Kor-Hnyape, Hnnnn,
Mexcnxe, Hnrepnn, Comann, Rxnom Cyane, Cnpnn n Tannane. Cornacno
marepnanam n ntnoam nccneonann E+eeoouura CHHPH, xacammnxcx xax
nepeau otuntx noopyxenn, rax n xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennx-
mn, nerocyapcrnennte rpynnnponxn no-npexnemy nmemr ocryn x nenomy
pxy nnon noenno rexnnxn n noopyxennx, npenmymecrnenno nerxoro n
crpenxonoro opyxnx, no n nexoroptx cnyuaxx n xpynntx cncrem opyxnx, ra-
xnx xax npornnoxopaentnte paxernte cncremt.
Cymecrnymr n nnte rnnt nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron, xoropte nt-
stnamr onacennx pyroro poa, npnuem onee ceptesnte. Honoom nx no-
croxnnoro ecnoxocrna no mnornx xpyrax cnyxar yrpost esonacnocrn c
ncnontsonannem conpemenntx rexnnuecxnx cpecrn n ]opme xneparax n xn-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 10
epxpax, nepexo conepmaemtx nerocyapcrnenntmn n xnasnrocyapcrnen-
ntmn cyexramn. Hmenno +rnm oruacrn oxcnxercx ror ]axr, uro xpynnte
xomnannn, nponsnoxmne opyxne, saxnmuamr nce ontme crparernuecxn
naxntx n npnmeuarentntx n ]nnanconom ornomennn cenox no npnopere-
nnm ]npm, sannmammnxcx oecneuennem xnepesonacnocrn, o uem paccxa-
stnaercx n rnane 5. B rnane 9, nocnxmenno yrposam, cnxsanntm c nonorn-
uecxnm n xnmnuecxnm opyxnem, yxasano, uro ]axrnuecxn mt yxe xnnem n
mnpe nocne pacnpocrpanennx, re oecnoxoennocrt ntstnaer yxe ne
crontxo pacnpocrpanenne camnx noopyxenn, cxontxo pacmnpenne ocryna n
nosmoxnocre paorart c marepnanamn n rexnonornxmn, xoropte moryr nc-
nontsonartcx c neoptmn namepennxmn. Tax, n 2011 r. xoncyntrarnnnt op-
ran no nonpocam noesonacnocrn npn npannrentcrne CBA, npnnnmax pe-
menne o rom, nynnxonart nn n xaxnm opasom nynnxonart pesyntrart nc-
cneonann o crenenn rpancmnccnnnocrn nrnutero rpnnna, oparnncx x
ronnancxo n amepnxancxo nccneonarentcxnm rpynnam c npocto ne pac-
xptnart orentnte uacrn, xacammnecx meroon nccneonannx. 3ro nornep-
xaer norennnantnte ntsont nx esonacnocrn, nosnnxammne ncnecrnne
pacmnpennx nosmoxnocre yuentx cosanart narorent c nontmn nnn saan-
ntmn (n rom uncne cmeprentntmn) cnocrnamn n ynpannxrt raxnmn narore-
namn. Haxonen, n nponeenntx CHHPH nccneonannxx nce onee npncrant-
noe nnnmanne yenxercx ponn nerocyapcrnenntx n xnasnrocyapcrnenntx
nocpennxon, yuacrnymmnx n nenouxe nocranox: nocpennxon, rpancnoprntx
arenron, anxon n pyrnx ]nnancontx yupexenn, yuentx n r. ., xoropte
saneomo nnn ner yuacrnymr n pacnpocrpanennn marepnanon, rexnonorn n
snann, cnxsanntx c xnmnuecxnm, nonornuecxnm, panonornuecxnm nnn
xepntm opyxnem, n ocoennocrn sa cuer rax nastnaemo neocxsaemo ne-
peaun rexnonorn.


Hucmumyuoua.iuie u uop+onpu+euume.iuie npoo.e+i

Tor ]axr, uro c]opmnponanmnecx epxant yxe ne pacnonaramr npex-
nnmn nosmoxnocrxmn onpeenxrt xo ocyxennx n peannsontnart npenou-
rnrentnte nx nnx pemennx, n couerannn c nepepacnpeenennem nnnxnnx
mexy pyrnmn cyexramn mexynapono cncremt ntxnnxer eme ony
renennnm, paccmarpnnaemym n nsannxx E+eeoouura CHHPH, mnoxa-
mnecx nncrnrynnonantnte nponemt n rpynocrn na nyrn ntnonnennx npn-
nxrtx nopm. Mnorocroponnne oprannsannn, sannmammnecx nponnxennem n
oecneuennem ntnonnennx pemenn n onacrn cranntnocrn n esonacno-
crn, no-npexnemy ncntrtnamr rpynocrn n monnnsannn nonnrnuecxo no-
nn n ]nnancontx pecypcon, neoxonmtx nx ntnonnennx cnonx manaron, n
pesyntrare uero opasymrcx naxynt, nx sanonnennx xoroptx rpeymrcx no-
nte nnn onee +]]exrnnnte mexannsmt.
Anrop nepno rnant E+eeoouura Iaper 3nanc yrnepxaer, uro ntnon-
nenne nopm, xoropte cnyxar ocnono nx crparernn n xonxperntx mep no
samnre rpaxancxoro nacenennx or noenntx ecrnn n maccontx snepcrn,
na nporxxennn nocnennx ecxrn ner npnoperano nce onee nocneonarent-
nt xapaxrep, n npnnonr n xauecrne npnmepon onepannn n Hnnnn n Kor-
BBEEHHE 11
Hnyape n 2011 r. Tem ne menee 3nanc npnsnaer, uro neocrarouno +]]ex-
rnnnax peaxnnx mexynaponoro coomecrna na eme onee yxacammne
xeprnt cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx n Cnpnn na nporxxennn 2011
2012 rr., nosmoxno, cnnerentcrnyer o rom, uro xoncencyc ornocnrentno +rnx
nopm yxe ne rax npouen, xax mor t trt, n yxe ocrnrnyr ror nnx, nocne
xoroporo on noer na cna. Anrop npenaraer mnpontm epxanam px ne-
npocrtx maron no yxpennennm +roro xoncencyca. axe ecnn n xoneunom nro-
re nponecc sanepmnrcx ycnemno, onrtcx raxoro xoncencyca yer ouent
nenpocro, ocoenno nocne onepannn n Hnnnn, n nectma nepoxrno, uro nyrt x
nemy samer mnorne n mnorne rot.
B nnxamee npemx ceptesnte rpynocrn nosnnxnyr n y rpannnonntx
mnpornopuecxnx onepann, xoropte nontsonannct mnpoxo noepxxo n
pacmnpxnnct na nporxxennn npomemnx ecxrn ner. Ho mnennm anropa rna-
nt 3, x uncny raxnx rpynocre ornocxrcx pacmnpenne n pasmtnanne man-
aron, neperpysxa mnccn npn nx neoyxomnnexronannocrn nepconanom n
e]nnnr neoxonmtx oopyonannx n rexnnxn. Homnmo +roro, ontmnncr-
no xpynnemnx onopon rnoantntx mnpornopuecxnx onepann a +ro npe-
nmymecrnenno crpant c pasnnro +xonomnxo, nanonee ceptesno nocrpa-
anmne or rnoantnoro +xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca n +xonomnuecxoro cnaa
coxpamamr oem noepxxn mnorocroponnnx oprannsann, oranax npe-
nourenne menee macmrantm n onee oneparnnntm mnccnxm. B xauecrne
npnmepa anrop rnant npnnonr rpxymee coxpamenne ]nnancnponannx mn-
pornopuecxnx onepann OOH na 1 mnp onn. CBA, n pesyntrare uero ro-
nyte xacxn yyr ntnyxent onnartcx ontmnx pesyntraron mentmnmn
cnnamn. Taxoe nonoxenne en yxe orpasnnoct na macmraax n cpoxax rexy-
mnx onepann.
Inant nacroxmero nsannx, nocnxmennte nonpocam noopyxenn n pa-
sopyxennx, raxxe cnnerentcrnymr o nannunn nncrnrynnonantntx n nopmo-
npnmennrentntx nponem n onacrn xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, nepacnpo-
crpanennx n mep yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn. B 2011 r. ne nanma-
noct samernoro pacmnpennx nosmoxnocre ocnonntx mexynapontx
pexnmon nepacnpocrpanennx n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, raxnx xax o-
ronop 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx (HO, cm. rnany 8),
nonncanno n 1972 r. Konnennnn o sanpemennn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna n
naxonnennx sanacon axrepnonornuecxoro (nonornuecxoro) n roxcnnnoro
opyxnx n o nx ynnuroxennn (KFTO, cm. rnany 9) n nonncanno n 1993 r.
Konnennnn o sanpemennn xnmnuecxoro opyxnx (K3XO, cm. raxxe rnany 9).
Hpn +rom nosnnxnn nonte nonot nx ecnoxocrna n cnxsn c cymecrnonann-
em noenntx xepntx nporpamm n Hpane, Cenepno Kopee n Cnpnn, nepoxr-
nocrtm nannunx xnmnuecxoro n nonornuecxoro opyxnx n Cnpnn, a raxxe
onapyxennem panee ne saxnnenntx oexron xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n Hnnnn.
B 2011 r. Paouax rpynna OOH no npeornpamennm n orpaxennm nanaenn
c ncnontsonannem opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx coomnna, uro yupexe-
nnx, npnsnannte npornnoecrnonart yrposam, cnxsanntm c xnmnuecxnm n
nonornuecxnm opyxnem, nmemr cnnmxom pasmtrym oprannsannonnym
crpyxrypy, nx paore raxxe npenxrcrnymr necornaconannocrt n orpannuen-
nocrt nonnomoun n uacrn, xacammecx raxnx mep, xax npeornpamenne yr-
pos, roronnocrt x nnm n coornercrnymmee pearnponanne.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 12
Hoonte nopmarnnnte n nncrnrynnonantnte cnoxnocrn ouennnt,
xora peut ner o otuntx noopyxennxx. Hanpnmep, xax noxasano n rnane 4,
n reuenne nocnennx ecxrn ner nanmanoct omee cnnxenne uncna rocy-
apcrn unenon OOH, nynnxymmnx annte o cnonx noenntx pacxoax c
nomomtm cncremt cranaprnsnponanno oruernocrn OOH o noenntx pacxo-
ax. B 2011 r. uncno crpan, npeocrannnmnx raxym oruernocrt, coxparnnoct
o 51 (+ro menee rpern rocyapcrn unenon OOH) no cpannennm c 81 crpa-
no, onynnxonanme annte n 2002 r. Conery Fesonacnocrn yanoct oro-
nopnrtcx o nneennn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm n 2011 r., no ero
unent rax n ne npnmnn x cornacnm o nneennn ananornunoro +mapro n or-
nomennn Cnpnn (necmorpx na ro uro raxoe pemenne tno ennoymno npn-
nxro EC n Hnro apacxnx rocyapcrn). Kax n n npetymne rot, n 2011 r.
tnn ormeuent ceptesnte napymennx +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, nneen-
ntx OOH n ornomennn raxnx crpan, xax Kor-Hnyap, Hpan, Cenepnax Kopex
n cyancxn pernon ap]yp (cm. rnany 10). B cenrxpe 2011 r. cocroxnact,
nepoxrno, nocnenxx osopnax xon]epennnx n pamxax camoro rmarentno
npopaorannoro pexnma xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n mep yx-
pennennx onepnx, nonncannoro n 1990 r. oronopa o otuntx noopyxen-
ntx cnnax n Enpone (OBCE). B 2007 r. Poccnx n onocroponnem nopxxe
npnocranonnna yuacrne n nem, a n xonne 2011 r. nce crpant unent HATO,
xnnxmmnecx croponamn +roro oronopa, a raxxe Ipysnx n Monona, npnnxnn
pemenne o npexpamennn omena nn]opmanne, nonaamme no ecrnne
oronopa, c Poccne. Hoxa nexcno, xaxo nont mexannsm npner n npner
nn noome na cmeny pexnmy OBCE. uro xacaercx sanpera na xaccernte
oenpnnact, ro, xax noxasann cotrnx 2011 r., mexynaponoe coomecrno
pasennnoct na rocyapcrna, xoropte npnnxnn Konnennnm 2008 r. no xaccer-
ntm oenpnnacam n ntcrynnnn sa oxsarentnt sanper +roro nna opyxnx, n
rocyapcrna, xoropte npenounn t npnnxrt menee xareropnunte orpannue-
nnx, saxnnennte n Konnennnn 1981 r. o xonxperntx nnax otunoro opyxnx,
n nmert nosmoxnocrt oorn orpannuennx npn ncnontsonannn xaccerntx
oenpnnacon.


III. HEPCHEKTHBI

Ononpemennoe nosecrnne ntmenepeuncnenntx renennn rpyno-
cre, c xoroptmn cranxnnamrcx neymne epxant, noxnnennx nnnxrentntx
rocyapcrn n nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron c nexcntmn nenxmn n nosmoxno-
crxmn, oocrpennem nncrnrynnonantntx n nopmonpnmennrentntx npo-
nem n nnxame n cpenecpouno nepcnexrnne cenaer cnryannm n mnpe
onee necranntno. Cosaercx nneuarnenne, uro npexnxx cncrema cnnontx
anancon n nncrnrynnonantntx norennnanon, saxpennnmaxcx no nropo no-
nonnne XX n., yrpaunnaer cnoconocrt +]]exrnnno pearnponart c nomomtm
nonnrnuecxnx n npaxrnuecxnx mep na conpemennte ntsont. B nnxamem
yymem manonepoxrnt xpynnte rnoantnte nnn pernonantnte nont mex-
y rocyapcrnamn, rem ne menee mexynaponax cncrema yxsnnma nx paspy-
mnrentntx norpxcenn, cnxsanntx c nnrencnnntmn noxantntmn xon]nnx-
ramn n napymennxmn n nponecce nepememennx nme, xannrana, ronapon,
BBEEHHE 13
rexnonorn n nn]opmannn, xoropt neoremnem xax nx nepexnnammnx mo-
epnnsannm, rax n ycroxnmnxcx coomecrn. Mnorne nnt raxnx napyme-
nn xneparaxn n xnepnpecrynnocrt, xopomo oprannsonannte npecryn-
nte cern, orpannuennocrt pecypcon, macconte nepememennx nme ncnecr-
nne nacnnnx, nanemnn saonenann, nnparcrno n +xcrpemnsm, a raxxe
ecrannnsnpymmn nesaxonnt oopor opyxnx, uyncrnnrentntx rexnono-
rn, napxornxon, enexntx cpecrn n ropronnx nmtmn ne ncera cranonxr-
cx cnecrnnem rocyapcrnenntx crparernuecxnx pemenn, a uacro ocymecrn-
nxmrcx nerocyapcrnenntmn nnn cyrocyapcrnenntmn cyexramn. K coxa-
nennm, rnoantnomy coomecrny eme npecronr n nonno mepe cronxnyrtcx
c nponemo nponcxoxmnx crpyxrypntx nsmenenn, onpeenxmmnx cero-
nxmnmm nnamnunym, cnoxnym n rpancnannonantnym xaprnny n onacrn
esonacnocrn, r. e. raxnx nsmenenn, xoropte no macmray uacro npenocxo-
xr nosmoxnocrn nmemmnxcx nncrnryron n mexannsmon pearnponannx.
Her nnxaxnx comnenn, xax y neymnx, rax n y pasnnnammnxcx epxan
xaxoe-ro npemx yer na ro, urot onrtcx +]]exrnnnoro xoncencyca orno-
cnrentno naxnemnx rpeonann na nyrn x mexynaponomy nopxxy, cra-
nntnocrn n mnpy, a raxxe ornocnrentno nx ocrnxennx n samnrt. Horpey-
ercx npemx n nx roro, urot rocyapcrna, no-npexnemy xnnxmmnecx omn-
nnpymmnmn nrpoxamn na mexynapono apene, nnnornym noomnn x peme-
nnm nponemt nospacramme ponn nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron n namnn
cnoco +]]exrnnno pearnponart na +ro xnnenne. nx +roro nm neoxonmo
nomnmo npouero nananrt +]]exrnnnte n nonnnno naprnepcxne ornomennx
c remn nerocyapcrnenntmn nrpoxamn, xoropte moryr nnecrn xoncrpyxrnn-
nt nxna, n rom uncne c npecrannrenxmn enontx xpyron, ]nnanrponamn,
pennrnosntmn n +rnnuecxnmn nnepamn n rpynnamn, a raxxe npecrannre-
nxmn rpaxancxoro omecrna. Kpome roro, norpeymrcx conmecrnte ycnnnx
c pyrnmn rocyapcrnamn n xoncrpyxrnnno nacrpoenntmn nerocyapcrnennt-
mn cyexramn nx ocnanennx n ycrpanennx nce nospacrammnx yrpos rno-
antno, pernonantno n omecrnenno cranntnocrn n esonacnocrn, nc-
xoxmnx or rex nnn nntx axropon, ecrnymmnx n ymep mnpy.
B c]epe ntcoxo nonnrnxn nncrnryrt onxnt n nnpet npoonxart
pemnrentnte pe]opmt, npnnnmax no nnnmanne ]opmnpymmncx ananc cnn
mexy rocyapcrnamn na rnoantnom n pernonantnom yponnxx. Fnaroapx
romy, uro sa nocnenne rot yxpennna cnon nosnnnn Ipynna 20, onee mn-
poxn xpyr pasnnnammnxcx crpan nonyunn nosmoxnocrt nnnxrt na nponcxo-
xmee copasmepno cnonm nnrepecam n nosmoxnocrxm. Onaxo c yuerom roro,
uro +xonomnxa n esonacnocrt n conpemennom mnpe neorennmt pyr or py-
ra, Ipynne 20 npnercx nxnmunrt n nonecrxy nx n nonpoct esonacnocrn.
Bectma xenarentntm marom, xoropt orpasnn t peannn xecrxo n mxr-
xo cnnt, cxnatnammnecx n nacroxmee npemx, tno t pacmnpenne co-
crana n pe]opma Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH. Onaxo c yuerom nexenannx
ntnemnnx nxrn nocroxnntx unenon Conera ennrtcx cnonm nnnxnnem mano-
nepoxrno, uro raxo mar yer cenan. Kax npecrannxercx, cxopee unent
Conera Fesonacnocrn npnernyr x nomomn pernonantntx oprannsann n no-
ncxax nonnrnuecxo ntrot n rem onee marepnantno noepxxn cnonx
ecrnn. Hpnnneuenne croponnnx oprannsann ano t ontmn pesyntrar,
ecnn t pernonantnte oprannsannn, raxne xax A]pnxancxn coms, Hnra
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 14
apacxnx rocyapcrn, Acconnannx rocyapcrn Rro-Bocrouno Asnn n py-
rne, pe]opmnponann cnon crpyxrypt, ornercrnennte sa npnnxrne pemenn, n
nontcnnn norennnant conmecrntx ecrnn n raxnx onacrxx, xax npenen-
rnnnax nnnomarnx, mnpornopuecrno, opta c npecrynnocrtm, norpannunt
xonrpont, nomomt npn crnxnntx ecrnnxx, xonrpont sa saonenannxmn n
nomomt n onacrn pasnnrnx.
nx pemennx +rnx saau xax neymnm, rax n nanpammnm cnny rocy-
apcrnam, a raxxe mnorocroponnnm oprannsannxm npnercx nanpannxrt cy-
mecrnenno ontmne, uem n npomnom, pecypct na nenn nanaxnnannx nsanmo-
ecrnnx c nerocyapcrnenntmn cyexramn, n uacrnocrn n onacrxx, naxo-
xmnxcx na crtxe esonacnocrn n pasnnrnx. Taxne naprnepcxne ornomennx
neoxonmt xax n xoe paspemennx nenocpecrnenno xpnsncon, rax n, uro
snaunrentno naxnee, n onee npoonxnrentnt nepno noccranonnrentno
paort, ycnex xoropo nenosmoxen es npnnneuennx mecrntx cyexron n
pacmnpennx nx nonnomoun n ]opmnponannn ycrounnoro norennnana n
c]epax spanooxpanennx, opasonannx, nororonxn cnennanncron n rexnnue-
cxnx onacrxx, ]opmnponannx cncremt npanocynx n opranon nonnnnn. Me-
xynaponoe coomecrno nce ontmee nnnmanne yenxer pacmnpennm nos-
moxnocre rpaxancxnx cyexron n onacrn mnpornopuecrna, uro onxno
cnococrnonart nanaxnnannm +]]exrnnntx naprnepcxnx ornomenn mexy
rocyapcrnamn, rocyapcrnenntmn yupexennxmn n nerocyapcrnenntmn
cyexramn rpaxancxoro omecrna.
Kpome roro, ouennno, uro cneyer axrnnnee necrn noncx raxnx peme-
nn nponem n nnane esonacnocrn, xoropte npenonaramr menee macmra-
noe cnnonoe nmemarentcrno. 3ro oycnonneno xax nonnrnuecxnmn, rax n
npaxrnuecxnmn coopaxennxmn. Omecrnennocrt no ncem mnpe, ocoenno n
Cenepno Amepnxe n Enpone, c neonepnem ornocnrcx x nepcnexrnne nontx
cnnontx nmemarentcrn, n apec nannonantntx npannrentcrn snyuar nce o-
nee pemnrentnte rpeonannx ymentmnrt pacxot, ntpaorart onee naex-
nte crparernn no ynpannennm n coxpamennm onrocpountx onron. Fonee
roro, ntnemnee ocnanenne norennnana rocyapcrn n oprannsann moxer
cymecrnenno orpannunrt nonm n nosmoxnocrn, neoxonmte nx ocymecrn-
nennx +]]exrnnntx noenntx ecrnn yt ro n coornercrnnn c manarom
OOH nnn n pamxax cnennantntx xoannnn. Hpn +rom, moxer trt, xya o-
nee naxno, uro na mnorne ns nanonee ocrptx ntsonon esonacnocrn, c xoro-
ptmn mnp cronxnercx n nnxamem yymem, ne yacrcx orpearnponart nc-
xnmunrentno c nomomtm rorontx nponepenntx cnnontx pemenn. Horpey-
ercx nonaropcxn couerart npnemt npenenrnnno nnnomarnn, ynpexennx n
pannero npeynpexennx n cosanne rpancnannonantntx naprnepcrn n nenxx
corpynnuecrna. 3ro ne osnauaer, uro noennte norennnant ocranyrcx nenoc-
rpeonanntmn. Hanpornn, n nexoroptx cnyuaxx onn moryr trt npnmenent
n xonrexcre mep no oecneuennm ntnonnennx nnyrpennero saxonoarentcrna
n npornnoecrnnm reppopnsmy, nanpnmep, uepes ncnontsonanne cpecrn nos-
ymno-xocmnuecxo pasnexn, poororexnnxn n samnrt nn]opmannonntx
cncrem. Onaxo ananc mexy cnnontmn pemennxmn n pemennxmn, npeno-
narammnmn menee macmranoe cnnonoe nmemarentcrno nnn noome ero ne
npenonarammnmn, onxen cxnonnrtcx n nontsy nocnennx.
BBEEHHE 15
Hecmorpx na ncm naxnocrt +rnx maron, necomnenno, yer nenerxo cos-
art nonym ocnony nx nsanmoornomenn mexy mnpontmn epxanamn,
npeopasonart oprannsannn n yuecrt nnnxnne nerocyapcrnenntx cyexron,
a raxxe nsmennrt ananc cnnontx n necnnontx pecypcon. Ho crpemnrentnte
nsmenennx n rnoantno n pernonantno ocranonxe ne xyr. Ho+romy nect-
ma nepoxrno, uro mnp na npoonxnrentnoe npemx cronxnercx c neonpeenen-
nocrtm n mnpoxnm cnexrpom nontx n norennnantno ecrannnsnpymmnx
pncxon n ntsonon n onacrn esonacnocrn, noopyxenn n pasopyxennx. E+e-
eoouur CHHPH, xoropt na nporxxennn nor yxe onee uertpex ecxrnnern
cnyxnr anropnrerntm n ynaxaemtm ncrounnxom nn]opmannn nx mexyna-
ponoro coomecrna, yer n nnpet npncrantno nanmart sa +rnmn cnox-
ntmn nponeccamn n npeocrannxrt nonnt n oocnonannt ananns nyre
pemennx nosnnxammnx nponem.






1. PEAIHPOBAHHE HA MACCOBBE 3BEPCTBA:
HOBAR IEOHOAHTHKA BMEmATEABCTBA


Iaper 3BAHC


I. TPYHOCTH B 3ABHTE IPAAHCKOIO HACEHEHH

B name npemx npx nn cymecrnyer onee cnoxnax +rnuecxax, nonnrnue-
cxax n nncrnrynnonantnax nponema, uem oecneuenne samnrt rpaxancxoro
nacenennx, xoropomy yrpoxamr ononpemenno n nona, n macconte snepcrna.
Yxe anno uncno rpaxancxnx nnn, nornmnx n nonyunnmnx yneutx no npe-
mx nont, cymecrnenno npenocxonr uncno ynrtx n noxaneuenntx noopy-
xenntx xomaranron. Kax n mnpnoe, rax n n noennoe npemx yncrna, ntrxn,
nsnacnnonannx, rono, nacnntcrnennoe ntcenenne rpynn myxunn, xenmnn n
ere ncxnmunrentno no npnunne nx pacono, +rnnuecxo, pennrnosno, na-
nnonantno, xnaccono npnnanexnocrn nnn neonornn nensmenno noxarcx
nxrnom nosopa na xonnexrnnnym conecrt mnponoro coomecrna.
Ceronx n mnpe neercx cymecrnenno mentme non, uem nanart ner
nasa, snaunrentno coxparnnoct uncno nanmnx na none ox n xoe xon]nnx-
ron xax mexy crpanamn, rax n nnyrpn nnx
1
. Xorx axrt renonna n pyrne
ceptesnte npecrynnennx npornn uenoneunocrn ntne conepmamrcx namnoro
pexe n ynocxr ropaso mentme xnsne, uncno nx xeprn cpen rpaxancxoro
nacenennx no-npexnemy ntstnaer rpenory, xpome roro, npoonxamr nosnn-
xart nonte yrpost
2
. Tax, ns 162 000 nornmnx n xoe nont no npenon-
rentcrnom CBA n Hpaxe c 2003 no 2011 r. na onm rpaxancxoro nacenennx
npnmnoct 128 000 uenonex
3
. Ho cocroxnnm na xonen 2011 r. uncno xeprn
nont n A]ranncrane ocrnrano 17 000 uenonex, n nn]pa +ra eme yer pac-

1
Human Security Report Project, Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes of Peace and
the Shrinking Costs of War (Oxford University Press: New York, 2011). oxna ocnonan na anntx
Hncrnryra mnpa n Ocno (HMO) n Ynncantcxo nporpammt anntx o xon]nnxrax (YHK). He-
mano marepnana, xoropt ne yrparnn cnoe axryantnocrn, coepxnrcx n n nepnonauantnom
oxnae Human Security Report 2005: War and Peace in the 21st Century (Oxford University
Press: New York, 2005). Cm. raxxe: Pinker, S., The Better Angels of Our Nature: The Decline of
Violence in History and Its Causes (Allen Lane: London, 2011), ch. 7, oco. c. 297305.
2
Human Security Report Project (cnocxa 1); n Pinker (cnocxa 1), p. 336343.
3
Iraqi deaths from violence 20032011, Iraq Body Count, 2 Jan. 2012, <http://www.iraq
bodycount.org/analysis/numbers/2011/>.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 17
rn
4
. Bona n emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro ]opmantno saxonunnact n
2003 r., no xonnuecrno xeprn rax n ne npexparnnmerocx nacnnnx n ntsnan-
ntx nono ronoa n onesne pacrer, yxacamme uacrt cnyuan cexcyantnoro
nacnnnx
5
. B Cyane n rxxeneme cnryannn naxoxrcx 1.8 mnn exennen ns
ap]ypa, a n xonne 2011 r. mnpnte paont nont nono rpannnt c Rxntm
Cyanom nce eme crpaann n pesyntrare annaomapnponox, nnecyentx
xasne n npnnynrentnoro ntcenennx mecrnoro nacenennx, ntcrynammero
npornn nnacrn Cyana
6
. B reuenne 2011 r. mexynaponomy coomecrny
npnmnoct pearnponart na esxanocrnte ecrnnx pexnma Myamapa Kaa]n
n Hnnnn npornn nsnauantno ne noopyxenntx npornnnnxon, uro npnneno x
mnorortcxuntm xeprnam cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx
7
. Eme onee rpe-
noxnax cnryannx cnoxnnact n Cnpnn, re x nauany 2012 r. nocne enxrn me-
cxnen optt pexnma c raxxe nsnauantno esopyxntmn npornnnnxamn unc-
no xeprn npentcnno 5 000 uenonex n npoonxano crpemnrentno pacrn
8
.
Onaxo ecrt n nonoxnrentnte renennnn. Tax, ocneomnennocrt o npo-
neme samnrt rpaxancxoro nacenennx ceronx xax nnxora ntcoxa. 3ro, or-
uacrn, oxcnxercx noxnnennem n yxpennennem nocne oxonuannx xonono
nont neno nnext nrpoxon, n rom uncne ycnemno paorammnx cpecrn
maccono nn]opmannn (nanonee cnexn n xpxn npnmep n xoe apacxo
necnt renennsnonnax xomnannx Ant-xasnpa), ntcoxonpo]eccnonant-
ntx nenpannrentcrnenntx oprannsann, raxnx xax Mexynaponax rpynna
no npeornpamennm xpnsncon n oprannsannx Xtmman parc yoru, a raxxe
onee o]nnnantntx yupexenn Ynpannenne Bepxonnoro xomnccapa Opra-
nnsannn Oennenntx Hann no npanam uenonexa (YBKHu) n Oennen-
noe npecrannrentcrno cnennantntx conernnxon Oprannsannn Oennen-
ntx Hann no npeynpexennm renonna n oxsannocrn samnmart. Tenept

4
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), Civilian casualties rise for
fifth consecutive year in Afghan conflict, Press release, 4 Feb. 2012, <http://unama.unmissions.
org/Default.aspx? tabid=1762&ctl=Details&mid=1920&Itemid=16267>.
5
Cm., nanpnmep: International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, Crisis in the De-
mocratic Republic of Congo, <http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/crisis-in-
drc>; n Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P), Imminent risk: Democratic Re-
public of the Congo, R2P Monitor, no. 1 (10 Jan. 2012), p. 78. B nsannn R2P Monitor perncr-
pnpymrcx rexymne xpnsnct, cnryannn, npecrannxmmne nenocpecrnennym yrposy, n
cnryannn, ntstnammne ceptesnym oecnoxoennocrt.
6
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (cnocxa 5), p. 46.
7
onxntm opasom nponepennte annte o uncne xeprn n Hnnnn orcyrcrnymr. Cornacno
nanonee rountm ns nnx, no nocueram Mexynaponoro yrononnoro cya (MYC), x nauany
mexynapono nnrepnennnn n rpaxancxo nont n ]enpane 2011 r. tno ynro 500
700 uenonex ns uncna rpaxancxoro nacenennx. Hague court seeks warrants for Libyan offi-
cials, New York Times, 4 May 2011. Cneennx xe o omem uncne nornmnx n pesyntrare
nont c mapra no oxrxpt 2011 r. cymecrnenno pasnxrcx: or 10 000 o 30 000 n onee ueno-
nex. Milne, S., If the Libyan war was about saving lives, it was a catastrophic failure, The
Guardian, 26 Oct. 2011. uncno xe xeprn cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx, nenocpecrnenno
cnxsanntx c noenno onepanne HATO, no nce nnnmocrn, ne npentmaer 100 uenonex.
Chivers, C. J. and Schmitt, E., In strikes on Libya by NATO, an unspoken civilian toll, New York
Times, 17 Dec. 2011.
8
Syria should be referred to ICC, UNs NaviPillay says, BBC News, 13 Dec. 2011, <http://
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16151424>.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 18
nonnrnxn yxe ne cmoryr, xax +ro tno concem neanno n cnyuae c renonnom
n Pyane n 1994 r., cenart nn, uro onn ne snamr o nponcxoxmnx snepcrnax.
Ho mepe ocosnannx nponemt rocyapcrna crann npoxnnxrt onee cept-
esnym n xnnym npnnnnnnantnym roronnocrt x xonxperntm ecrnnxm. B
nacroxme rnane onncant na cymecrnenntx nopmarnnntx npoptna n +ro
c]epe: no-nepntx, c 1999 r. pesxo nospocno nnnmanne, yenxemoe saxonoa-
rentcrny n npaxrnxe n onacrn samnrt rpaxancxoro nacenennx n xoe noo-
pyxenntx xon]nnxron; no-nroptx, n 2001 r. noxnnnact, a n 2005 r. tna pac-
mnpena o rnoantnoro macmraa nonax xonnennnx o oxsannocrn samn-
mart. Ceronx npaxrnuecxn nce npnepxnnamrcx npnnnnnon, cornacno
xoroptm rocyapcrnennt cynepennrer ne aer npana ynnart, no nanaraer
oxsannocrt ne npnunnxrt n ne onycxart rxxxoro npea cnoemy napoy
(nepnt xomnonenr), a mexynaponoe coomecrno n onee mnpoxom cmtcne
oxsano oxastnart coecrnne rem rocyapcrnam, xoropte nyxamrcx n no-
momn n npocxr o nomomn n ntnonnennn oxsannocrn samnmart (nropo
xomnonenr), npnuem n +ror +nemenr oxasanoct mnoro cnoxnee nocneona-
rentno npernopnrt na npaxrnxe mexynaponoe coomecrno oxsano npn-
nnmart cnoenpemennte n pemnrentnte xonnexrnnnte mept n coornercrnnn c
Ycranom OOH, n rom uncne c nonoxennxmn o npnmenennn, coepxamnmncx n
ero rn. VII, n rex cnyuaxx, xora camo rocyapcrno xnno necnocono samnrnrt
cnoe nacenenne or renonna n pyrnx maccontx snepcrn (rpern xomnonenr)
9
.
Hpnnxn Pesonmnnm 1973 n paspemnn noennym onepannm n Hnnnn nx
npeornpamennx nemnnyemoro xpononponnrnx, Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH
nnont npoemoncrpnponan +rn npnnnnnt n ecrnnn n, xax rora npecran-
nxnoct, ycranonnn nont +ranon nx onenxn ncex onoon ornocnrentno no-
ontx nmemarentcrn n yymem
10
. Onaxo n pesyntrare ntnonnennx +roro
manara nnocnecrnnn nnont nosnnxnn ceptesnte reononnrnuecxne pasno-
rnacnx. Hocne roro xax n reuenne ncero 2011 r. paora Conera Fesonacnocrn
no Cnpnn oxasanact napannsonana (xyntmnnanne uero crano nanoxenne
4 ]enpanx 2012 r. Poccne n Knraem nero na xpane ocropoxno c]opmynnpo-
nannym ocyxammym pesonmnnm), n cnxsn c ntnonnennem oxsannocrn sa-
mnmart ncran nonpoc, ne oxaxercx nn Pesonmnnx 1973 n +rom ene rem nn-
xom, nocne xoroporo naunercx orxar nasa.
Knra n Poccnx ncera ncxoxr ns roro, uro ecnn sanantm epxanam
nonoxnrt nanen n por, ro onn orxycxr ncm pyxy, n raxax nosnnnx na
nporxxennn ncero 2011 r. naxonna orxnnx y noxa nontx ]opmnpymmnxcx
epxan n cocrane Hnnn, Fpasnnnn n Rxno A]pnxn (HFRA), xoropte n ro
npemx roxe nxonnn n cocran Conera Fesonacnocrn. Fnaroapx +romy crano

9
Ycran Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann, nonncan 26 nmnx 1945 r., ncrynnn n cnny
24 oxrxpx 1945 r., <http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/>. Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH
ennoymno noepxana xonnennnm oxsannocrn samnmart n nne Pesonmnnn 60/1 Iene-
pantno Accamnen OOH 24 oxrxpx 2005 r., n. 138139. Komnonenrt tnn c]opmynnpo-
nant n 2009 r. n renept cnyxar omenpnnxrtm ononnennem n pasxcnennem ]opmynnponxn
2005 r. Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex. Btnonnenne oxsanno-
crn samnmart. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx. A/63/677, 12 xnnapx 2009 r.
10
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 17 mapra 2011 r. Hpn npnnxrnn pesonm-
nnn necxontxo crpan Fpasnnnx, Knra, Iepmannx, Hnnx n Poccnx nosepxannct or rono-
conannx, no npornn ne ntcrynnnn.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 19
ouennno, uero cneyer oxnart n cnyuae pacmnpennx cocrana nocroxnntx
unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn, ncxox ns conpemenno, a ne cymecrnonanme
n cepenne XX n. paccranonxn cnn.
Inannt nonpoc, na xoropt neoxonmo ornernrt yer nn na ene
xnsnecnocono nonax reononnrnxa nmemarentcrna, xoropax, no-nnnmomy,
nosnnxna c npnnxrnem Pesonmnnn 1973, npoemoncrpnponanme roronnocrt
crpan (panee ne xenanmnx +roro enart) ne rontxo npnsnart n npnnnnne ox-
sannocrt samnmart rpaxancxnx nnn, no n cornacnrtcx na xecrxne npaxrn-
uecxne marn, npnuem nanpxmym n pamxax Ycrana OOH, nnn xe nnont nostmer
nepx crapt opt reononnrnuecxn nnnnsm, xax +ro tno n cnyuae c peax-
nne mexynaponoro coomecrna na cnryannm n Cnpnn. He menee naxen n
nonpoc o coxpanennn raxnmn epxanamn, xax upannnx, Bennxopnrannx n
Coennennte Brart Amepnxn, xoropte n npomnom nanonee axrnnno nt-
crynann sa pemnrentnoe nmemarentcrno, xenannx npnnnmart xecrxne mept
n ycnonnxx ceptesntx ]nnancontx orpannuenn n orcyrcrnnx rnepo nnyr-
pnnonnrnuecxo noepxxn xaxnx t ro nn tno ecrnn sa pyexom, ne
cnxsanntx nenocpecrnenno c uerxo onpeenxemtmn nannonantntmn nnre-
pecamn.
Anrop nacroxme rnant npnepxnnaercx onrnmncrnuecxo rouxn spe-
nnx: nonte nopmarnnnte oxsarentcrna n onacrn samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn
ocramrcx n cnne, a nocne onepannn n Hnnnn mnp nanman ne crontxo cept-
esnt orxar or nonoro noxoa, ocnonannoro na corpynnuecrne, cxontxo ne-
nsexnte onesnn pocra, xoroptmn conponoxaercx +nonmnnx nmtx no-
ntx mexynapono-npanontx nopm. B pasene II coepxnrcx pesmme nsan-
mocnxsanntx xonnennn samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n oxsannocrn samnmart
n aercx osop nexoroptx rpynocre, xoropte moryr nerarnnno orpasnrtcx
na nx npnmennmocrn n +]]exrnnnocrn n yymem. B pasene III paccmarpn-
naercx onepannx n Hnnnn n 2011 r. n ntnonnenne Pesonmnnn 1973, a raxxe
npenpnnnmaercx nontrxa ornernrt na na xonxperntx nonpoca. Bo-nepntx,
tnn nn npn nmemarentcrne n Hnnnn nocrannent nenocnntnte saaun?
Bo-nroptx, nosmoxen nn nont xoncencyc nocne nponsomemnx nsmenenn
n reononnrnuecxo ocranonxe? Haxonen, n pasene IV npenaraercx xom-
nnexc nonnrnuecxnx noxoon, naroapx xoroptm moxno tno t xax n
reopnn, rax n na npaxrnxe snaunrentno onerunrt saauy noccranonnennx ra-
xoro xoncencyca.


II. HOBOMY BEKY HOBIE HAPAHIMI: 3ABHTA
IPAAHCKHX HHH H OF3AHHOCTI 3ABHBATI


3amn1a rpaaancxnx nnn n noopyaennmx xonqnnx1ax

ecrnne mexynaponoro coomecrna no samnre rpaxancxnx nnn no
npemx nont nmeer annmm ncropnm n onnpaercx na nent xopnyc nopm
mexynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana, xoropt paspaartnancx c XIX n. n
c]opmynnponan n cneymmnx pyr sa pyrom Iaarcxo n enencxnx xonnen-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 20
nnxx, ocoenno na nopmt, sa]nxcnponannte n enencxnx xonnennnxx 1949 r.
n ononnnrentntx nporoxonax 1977 r. (n coornercrnnn c nocnennmn ecr-
nne nonoxenn o coornercrnymme samnre pacnpocrpanxercx na xon]nnxrt
nemexynaponoro xapaxrepa)
11
. Oxsarentcrna rocyapcrn no samnre rpax-
ancxnx nnn pasnnuntmn cnocoamn xax n noennoe, rax n n mnpnoe npemx,
ntrexamr n ns mexynaponoro npana n onacrn npan uenonexa n no nonpo-
cam exennen, ocnont xoroporo tnn sanoxent, rnanntm opasom, n nepnte
rot nocne Bropo mnpono nont. Kpome roro, cymecrnyer nemano mexy-
napontx oprannsann, n manart xoroptx na nporxxennn mnornx ner nxo-
nr snaunrentnoe uncno nonpocon samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn. Cpen raxnx
oprannsann Mexynapont Komnrer Kpacnoro Kpecra (MKKK),
YBKHu, Ynpannenne Bepxonnoro xomnccapa Oprannsannn Oennenntx
Hann no enam exennen (YBKF) n ercxn ]on Oprannsannn Oen-
nenntx Hann (RHHCEu).
Onaxo yenxrt +ro nponeme cncremarnuecxoe nnnmanne na ntcmem
mexynaponom yponne crann nnmt naunnax c 1999 r., xora Ienepantnt
cexperapt npecrannn Conery Fesonacnocrn OOH nepnt oxna o samnre
rpaxancxnx nnn n noopyxennom xon]nnxre
12
. B nem tn an ncecroponnn
osop nponemt, paccmarpnnannct yrpost, cnxsannte c nanaennem na rpax-
ancxnx nnn n nx nacnntcrnenntm nepememennem, cmemnnannem xomaran-
ron c rpaxancxnmn nnnamn n narepxx exennen n nnyrpenne nepememenntx
nnn, c orxasom n rymannrapno nomomn n ocryne rymannrapntx oprannsa-
nn, c ecrnnxmn npornn rymannrapnoro nepconana n mnpornopnen, a raxxe
xonxpernte nponemt, c xoroptmn cranxnnamrcx xenmnnt n ern, ecrpyx-
rnnnax pont crpenxonoro opyxnx n npornnonexorntx mnn n rymannrapnte
nocnecrnnx canxnn. B oxnae pexomenonan px mep no ycnnennm xax
npanono (n rom uncne nyrem parn]nxannn n ntnonnennx mexynapono-
npanontx oxymenron n yxecrouennx ornercrnennocrn sa noennte npecryn-
nennx), rax n ]nsnuecxo samnrt (n rom uncne sa cuer nontmennx +]]ex-
rnnnocrn mnpornopuecxnx onepann, yxpennennx rapanrn ocryna nx ry-
mannrapntx oprannsann, npnmenennx nenenanpannenntx canxnn).
Fontmnncrno +rnx pexomenann tno oxnaueno, xorx n n omnx uep-
rax, n npnnxro nnocnecrnnn remarnuecxo pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacno-
crn no samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, nocne uero n pasnnuntx napnannxx onn oc-
nemannct n xoe exerontx npenn n n pesonmnnxx
13
. B oxnaax n pn]nn-
rax Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Han In Myna c 2009 r., a raxxe n
ocyxennxx no nx nroram ocnonnoe nnnmanne yenxercx nxrn ocnonntm
nponemam: nontmennm crenenn conmennx croponamn xon]nnxron nopm
mexynaponoro npana n cranapron n onacrn npan uenonexa, n rom uncne
nyrem cosannx Conerom Fesonacnocrn xomnccn, paccneymmnx n nepe-
ammnx coornercrnymmne cnyuan na paccmorpenne n Mexynapont yro-

11
Kparxoe coepxanne nonncanntx n 1949 r. enencxnx xonnennn n nporoxonon
1977 r. x nnm (cnyxamnx ocnono mexynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana) cm. n ononne-
nnn A x nacroxmemy nsannm.
12
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. oxna Ienepantnoro cexpe-
rapx Conery Fesonacnocrn no nonpocy o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n noopyxennom xon]nnxre.
S/1999/957, 8 cenrxpx 1999 r.
13
Pesonmnnx 1265 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 17 cenrxpx 1999 r.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 21
nonnt cy (MYC); nontmennm +]]exrnnnocrn paort c nerocyapcrnen-
ntmn noopyxenntmn rpynnamn n nenxx oecneuennx conmennx nmn npa-
nontx nopm; ycnnennm samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn sa cuer nontmennx +]]ex-
rnnnocrn n aexnarnocrn ]nnancnponannx exrentnocrn mnpornopuecxnx
mnccn; pacmnpennm ocryna rymannrapntx oprannsann x nocrpaanmemy
nacenennm; yxecrouennm ornercrnennocrn sa napymennx nopm mexynapo-
noro npana
14
.
Ha +ro ocnone n nocnenee ecxrnnerne Coner Fesonacnocrn ne pas
npnnnman mept no samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n xonxperntx cnyuaxx, n rom
uncne npnstnan cropont xon]nnxra x conmennm mexynaponoro ryma-
nnrapnoro npana, nnonn canxnnn n ornomennn napymnrene npanontx
nopm, cosanan cnennantnte rpnynant (n uacrnocrn no Pyane n tnme
Rrocnannn) n nopyuan MYC npnsnart x ornercrnennocrn orentntx nnn, a
raxxe nnonn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx co cctnxo na rn. VII Ycrana
OOH. Hemanonaxno ormernrt, uro Coner Fesonacnocrn cctnancx na yxasan-
nym rnany Ycrana n nx roro, urot canxnnonnponart npnmenenne cnnt mn-
pornopnamn nx samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n cnyuae nemnnyemo yrpost na-
cnnnx. C 1999 r. raxo manar nonyunnn 14 mnccn
15
. Hontm naxntm cot-
rnem n yxpennennn npanono ocnont nx pacmnpennx manaron mnpornop-
uecxnx onepann crana nynnxannx n 2000 r. oxnaa Ipynnt no onepannxm
OOH n nontsy mnpa no npecearentcrnom Haxapa Fpaxnmn. Anropt +roro
oxnaa npeentno xcno saxnnxmr, uro npnnnnn ecnpncrpacrnocrn OOH nn
n xoem cnyuae ne osnauaer, xax +ro tno n 1990-x roax n xax nnuro nnoe no-
opnano onepne x mnpornopuecxo exrentnocrn Oprannsannn, nexenannx
ornnunrt xeprny or arpeccopa
16
.
Bnnort o neannero npemenn n nonpocax, ntxoxmnx sa pamxn mana-
ron mnpornopuecxnx onepann, n oxnaax n npennxx no samnre rpaxan-
cxnx nnn, xax npannno, crapannct oxonrt onee mnpoxn nonpoc o nos-
moxnocrn noennoro nmemarentcrna n nenxx npnnyxennx, necmorpx na ro,
uro Ienepantnt cexperapt Ko]n Annan nonnman ero n cnoem nepnona-
uantnom oxnae 1999 r.
17
B Pesonmnnn 1296 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH or
2000 r. ormeuaercx, uro npenamepennte ecrnnx npornn rpaxancxnx nnn

14
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. oxna Ienepantnoro cexpe-
rapx o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n noopyxennom xon]nnxre. S/2009/277, 29 max 2009 r.; Op-
rannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx o
samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n noopyxennom xon]nnxre. S/2010/579, 11 noxpx 2010 r.; Oprann-
sannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. 6650-e saceanne, 3amnra rpaxancxnx
nnn n noopyxennom xon]nnxre. S/PV.6650, 9 noxpx 2011 r.; n Security Council Report, Protec-
tion of Civilians, Cross-cutting Report no. 2 (Security Council Report: New York, 20 July 2011).
15
Cm.: Security Council Report (cnocxa 14); Security Council Report, Publications on pro-
tection of civilians in armed conflict, 20 Dec. 2011, <http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/site/c.
glKWLeMTIsG/b.2400839/>; n Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, The relationship
between the responsibility to protect and the protection of civilians in armed conflict, Policy brief,
Jan. 2009, <http://globalr2p.org/advocacy/>.
16
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex n Coner Fesonacnocrn.
oxna Ipynnt no onepannxm Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann n nontsy mnpa. A/55/305-
S/2000/809, Pesmme, c. x; n Evans, G., The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity
Crimes Once and For All (Brookings Institution Press: Washington, DC, 2008), p. 120125.
17
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann (cnocxa 12), n. 67.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 22
pyrnx naxoxmnxcx no samnro nnn n conepmenne cncremarnuecxnx, no-
nnmmnx n mnpoxomacmrantx napymenn nopm mexynaponoro rymann-
rapnoro npana n cranapron n onacrn npan uenonexa n cnryannxx noopyxen-
noro xon]nnxra moryr npecrannxrt yrposy mexynaponomy mnpy n eso-
nacnocrn, n n +ro cnxsn nnont saxnnxercx o roronnocrn paccmarpnnart raxne
cnryannn n, n cnyuae neoxonmocrn, npnnnmart nanexamne mept
18
.


Onsannoc1t samnma1t

Hecmorpx na ro uro c 1999 r. esycnonno naxntm tno npncrantnoe
nnnmanne x samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, n ee xonnennnn orcyrcrnonann nexoro-
pte npnnnnnnantnte cocrannxmmne. Hn n onom oxnae, nn n ono peso-
nmnnn o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn ne paccmarpnnanact nponema maccontx
snepcrn nn n nne onocroponnero nacnnnx, a nmenno n +ro ]opme conep-
mannct n nexoroptx cnyuaxx nanonee yxacammne macconte snepcrna, n ua-
crnocrn n 1970-x roax n Kamoxe n n 1994 r. n Pyane, nn n xaxnx-nno
pyrnx ]opmax, xpome snepcrn n xoe nonnomacmrano nont. Bosmoxno,
uro eme onee naxno, n nnx ne tno ano nnxaxoro npxmoro nonnrnuecxoro
ornera na ry ceptesnym nonemnxy no nonpocy o rymannrapntx nmemarent-
crnax, xoropax pacxonona mexynaponoe coomecrno n 1990-x roax.
B yxasannoe ecxrnnerne crann xax nnxora ouennnt xonnenryantnte
pacxoxennx mexy remn (npenmymecrnenno crpanamn Cenepa), xro copancx
no snamenem rymannrapnoro nmemarentcrna nnn npana nmemartcx (droit
dingrence n pacxoxe ]opmynnponxe Fepnapa Kymnepa), n remn (rnanntm o-
pasom crpanamn Rra), xro ntcrynnn n samnry rpannnonntx npeporarnn cy-
nepennoro rocyapcrna, cctnaxct na npnmar cr. 2(7) Ycrana OOH n yrnepxax,
uro nnyrpennne ena crpant ne onxnt xacartcx ncero ocrantnoro mnpa
19
. B
pesyntrare mexynaponoe coomecrno ne morno nonnonenno (a, nopo, n no-
ome nnxax) pearnponart na nponcxoxmee (nanpnmep, na renonn n Pyane nnn
uyonnmnte napymennx n Cpepennne n Focnnn n Iepneronnne n 1995 r.) nnn
xe ecrnonano, ne nmex saxonntx ocnonann, xax n cnyuae c Kocono, re n
1999 r. Oprannsannx Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO), oxnax, uro Poc-
cnx nocnontsyercx cnonm npano nero, nauana onepannm es canxnnn CF OOH.
Hmenno n nontrxe narn ntxo ns +roro nonnrnuecxoro rynnxa n tna
ntpaorana n 2001 r. xonnennnx o oxsannocrn samnmart, c]opmynnponan-
nax n ononmennom oxnae, nororonnennom Mexynapono xomnccne no
nonpocam nmemarentcrna n rocyapcrnennoro cynepennrera (MKBIC)
20
. 3ra

18
Pesonmnnx 1296 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 19 anpenx 2000 r., n. 5.
19
H. 7 cr. 2 Ycrana OOH (cnocxa 9) rnacnr, uro OOH ne nmeer npana na nmemarentcrno
n ena, no cymecrny nxoxmne no nnyrpennmm xomnerennnm nmoro rocyapcrna. Konnen-
nnx droitdingrence ntmna na nepenn nnan n nepno nnrepnennnn no npenonrentcrnom
CBA n Comann n 1992 r. n tna nnepnte c]opmynnponana n paore Bettati, M. and Kouchner,
B. (eds), Le devoir d'ingrence: peut-on les laisser mourir? (Denol: Paris, 1987), p. 300.
Cm. raxxe: Evans (cnocxa 16), p. 3233.
20
Mexynaponax xomnccnx no nonpocam nmemarentcrna n rocyapcrnennoro cynepenn-
rera. Ornercrnennocrt no samnre. Fonee nonno o noxnnennn n +nonmnnn +ro xonnennnn cm.:
Evans (cnocxa 16), p. 3154.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 23
xomnccnx tna cosana xanacxnm npannrentcrnom n orner na nonpoc, saan-
nt Ko]n Annanom na saceannn Ienepantno Accamnen n 2000 r.: Ecnn
rymannrapnax nnrepnennnx ecrnnrentno xnnxercx nenpnemnemtm yapom
no cynepennrery, ro xax nam cneyer pearnponart na raxym cnryannm, xax n
Pyane nnn Cpepennne? Kax pearnponart na rpyte n cncremarnuecxne na-
pymennx npan uenonexa, xoropte npornnopeuar ncem sanonexm uenoneuecxo-
ro trnx?
21
.
B oxnae xomnccnn tna npenpnnxra nontrxa ornernrt na +ror no-
npoc no rpem nanpannennxm. Bo-nepntx, nx ynyumennx nocnpnxrnx anropt
samennnn pesxn repmnn npano nmemartcx na norennnantno onee npnem-
nemt ornercrnennocrt no samnre. Bo-nroptx, onn paccmorpenn onee
mnpoxn xpyr nrpoxon. B ro npemx xax n xonnennnn rymannrapnoro nmema-
rentcrna enancx ynop na peaxnnm mexynaponoro coomecrna, n coorner-
crnnn c nono ]opmynnponxo xpyr ornercrnenntx cyexron tn pacmnpen:
cnauana n nenrpe nnnmannx oxastnaercx camo cynepennoe rocyapcrno n ero
oxsannocrn (npecrannenne o cynepennrere xax oxsannocrn, xoropoe panee
tno nouepxnyro upancncom enrom n Poepro Ko+n), n nnmt sarem oc-
nemaercx nonpoc o ornercrnennocrn mexynaponoro coomecrna n onee
mnpoxom cmtcne
22
. B-rpertnx, n oxnae tn cymecrnenno pacmnpen xpyr
nosmoxntx nyre pearnponannx. B ro npemx xax n xonnennnn rymannrapnoro
nmemarentcrna ynop enancx nnmt na npnmenenne noopyxenno cnnt, ox-
sannocrt samnmart nxnmuaer nent cnexrp ornerntx mep, n rom uncne on-
rocpounte n xparxocpounte npenenrnnnte ecrnnx, pearnponanne n cnyua-
xx, xora npenenrnnnte mept ne ann pesyntrara, n npnnynrentnte cnno-
nte onepannn, xoropte paccmarpnnamrcx ncxnmunrentno n xauecrne xpane
mept, npnmennmo nnmt n cnryannxx, coornercrnymmnx mnoxecrny xpnre-
pnen, a raxxe mept nocrxpnsncnoro noccranonnennx, npnsnannte npeornpa-
rnrt nosononnenne nacnnnx.
C]opmynnponannax raxnm opasom nonax xonnennnx sa nectma xoporxoe
npemx nonyunna nopasnrentno cnntnt mexynapont orxnnx: ee enno-
ymno noepxann onee 150 rnan rocyapcrn n npannrentcrn, npnnxnmnx
yuacrne no Bcemnpnom cammnre 2005 r. n pamxax ceccnn Ienepantno Ac-
camnen OOH, a menee uem uepes ro ona tna saxpennena n Pesonmnnn 1674
CF OOH
23
. Hocne 2005 r. rnanno saaue crano npernopenne n xnsnt +ro
nono nopmt, xaxo t +]]exrno ona nn xasanact na ymare (ncropnx Map-

21
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex. Mt, napot: pont Opra-
nnsannn Oennenntx Hann n XXI nexe. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx. A/54/2000, 3
anpenx 2000 r., c. 41.
22
Cm.: enr u. n Ko+n P. Macconoe nepememenne n pesyntrare xon]nnxron n onocro-
ponnero nacnnnx, Exeronnx CHHPH 2009, c. 1540.
23
O oxymenrax, nmemmnx xnmuenoe snauenne n nponecce ecrnn mexynaponoro
coomecrna no nroram oxnaa xomnccnn, cm. n nynnxannn United Nations, A More Secure
World: Our Shared Responsibility, Report of the Secretary-Generals High-level Panel on Threats,
Challenges and Change (United Nations: New York, 2004); Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann,
Ienepantnax Accamnex. Hpn ontme cnooe: x pasnnrnm, esonacnocrn n npanam uenone-
xa nx ncex. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx. A/59/2005, 21 mapra 2005 r.; Pesonmnnx 60/1
Ienepantno Accamnen OOH (cnocxa 9), n. 138139; n Pesonmnnx 1674 Conera Fesonacno-
crn OOH, 28 anpenx 2006 r.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 24
rnn Innepr, nanpnmep, nasnan ee camo cymecrnenno nonpanxo x cyne-
pennrery sa 360 ner), npnmennrentno x rem peantntm cnryannxm, re +ro
neoxonmo
24
. A nx +roro rpeonanoct npeoonert xonnenryantnte, oprann-
sannonnte n nonnrnuecxne rpynocrn.
Ecnn ronopnrt o xonnenryantntx rpynocrxx, ro ceuac, n nauane
2012 r., ouennno, uro nx no ontme uacrn yanoct npeoonert. Fnaroapx
cepnn narocxnonno npnnxrtx oxnaon Ienepantno Accamnee, npecran-
nenntx Ienepantntm cexperapem n 2009, 2010 n 2011 rr. (nororonnenntx
ero Cnennantntm conernnxom no nonpocy o oxsannocrn samnmart 3nap-
om Haxom), axrnnnomy ocyxennm xpnrepnen cnryannn, xora neoxonmo
ntnonnnrt oxsannocrt samnmart, na annt momenr ecrt xya ontmax
onpeenennocrt, uem nenocpecrnenno nocne 2005 r.
25
Ho mepe nosnnxnone-
nnx n paccmorpennx xon]nnxrntx cnryann nce ocosnann n cornacnnnct, uro
oxsannocrt samnmart cneyer ntnonnxrt ne n rex cnyuaxx, xora cymecrny-
er yrposa nx esonacnocrn nme, napymamrcx npana uenonexa nnn cxnat-
naercx xon]nnxrnax cnryannx n nenom, a raxxe ne n cnyuae nosnnxnonennx
crnxnntx ecrnn n rymannrapntx xaracrpo] nnoro xapaxrepa. B coorner-
crnnn c +ro xonnennne npeycmorpeno pearnponanne na uertpe npecryn-
nennx, nepeuncnennte n Hroronom oxymenre Bcemnpnoro cammnra 2005 r.,
a nmenno renonn, noennte npecrynnennx, +rnnuecxne uncrxn n npecryn-
nennx npornn uenoneunocrn. H axe n +rnx cnyuaxx nx onpanannx nmoro
nna ceptesno npnnynrentno peaxnnn onxnt trt conment onpee-
nennte xpnrepnn n ornomennn macmraon n ocoennocrn momenra nponcxo-
xmnx nnn oxnaemtx snepcrn
26
.
Yanoct npeoonert n oprannsannonnte rpynocrn, xorx sect npecro-
nr cenart namnoro ontme nx ocrnxennx nonno roronnocrn nnnomarn-
uecxnx, rpaxancxnx n noenntx crpyxryp x ecrnnxm n cnyuae nosmoxntx
maccontx snepcrn. B pamxax nannonantntx rocyapcrnenntx opranon n me-
xynapontx oprannsann cosamrcx xoopnnannonnte nenrpt, n xoroptx
paoramr onxnocrnte nnna, oxsannte ocymecrnnxrt pannee npeynpex-
enne nontx cnryann maccontx snepcrn n aexnarnoe pearnponanne n cny-
uae nx nosnnxnonennx, a raxxe oxastnart coecrnne yxasanno paore n
pamxax coornercrnymmnx cncrem. Onn ns xpxnx npnmepon n +rom ornome-
nnn CBA, re nx nontmennx o npnnnnnnantno nonoro yponnx +]]ex-
rnnnocrn omerocyapcrnenntx mep pearnponannx na noonte cnryannn n
pamxax Conera nannonantno esonacnocrn ecrnyer cnennantnoe nopas-
enenne n cosaercx mexneomcrnennt Coner no npeynpexennm snepcrn.

24
Gilbert, M., The terrible 20th century, Globe and Mail (Toronto), 31 Jan. 2007.
25
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, oxymenr A/63/677 (cnocxa 9); Oprannsannx O-
ennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex. Pannee npeynpexenne, onenxa n ornercrnen-
nocrt no samnre. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx, A/64/864, 14 nmnx 2010 r.; n Oprannsannx
Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex n Coner Fesonacnocrn. Pont pernonantntx n
cypernonantntx cornamenn n peannsannn ornercrnennocrn no samnre. oxna Ienepant-
noro cexperapx. A/65/877-S/2011/393, 28 nmnx 2011 r.
26
O ]opmnpymmemcx xoncencyce n ornomennn xonxperntx cnyuaen cm.: Evans, G., The
raison detre, scope and limits of the responsibility to protect, Address, Centre de Droit Interna-
tional, Universit Paris Ouest, 14 Nov. 2011, <http://www.gevans.org/speeches/speech456.html>;
n Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (cnocxa 5).
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 25
Cosan MYC n px pyrnx cnennantntx rpnynanon, naroapx xoro-
ptm crano nosmoxntm ne rontxo npnnnexart x cyy n naxastnart nnnonntx n
nexoroptx ns nanonee yxacntx maccontx snepcrn npomnoro, no n, nosmox-
no, oecneunrt momnt cepxnnammn ]axrop na yymee. Onaxo nannune
+]]exrnnntx noenntx cnn tcrporo pearnponannx, xorx t n pexnme oxn-
annx, no-npexnemy ornocnrcx x xareropnn cxopee xenaemoro, uem ecrnn-
rentnoro. Knmuente noennte ]nrypt yenxmr nemano npemenn n nnnmannx
ocyxennm n npaxrnuecxomy ocymecrnnennm peoprannsannn cnn n nepe-
cmorpy oxrpnn n npannn npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt n cncremt noro-
ronxn nepconana nx nponeennx onepann, nce uame ynomnnammnxcx no
nasnannem onepannn no pearnponannm na macconte snepcrna
27
.
Hanonee ceptesnte rpynocrn, xax ncera, cnxsant c nonnrnuecxnmn
acnexramn +ro paort, rpeymmnmn monnnsannn nonn nx nepexoa or
xcnoro nonnmannx neoxonmtx n nmemmnxcx nncrnrynnonantntx nosmox-
nocre x +]]exrnnntm ecrnnxm. Xorx +ra nponema nnont ntmna na nep-
nt nnan, xora Coner Fesonacnocrn oxasancx ne n cocroxnnn orpearnponart
na cnryannm n Cnpnn c cepennt 2011 r., cyx no ncem npnsnaxam, noan-
nxmmee ontmnncrno rocyapcrn esoronopouno npnnnmamr n npnnnnne nce
xnmuente xomnonenrt xonnennnn oxsannocrn samnmart. Hanonee
xpacnopeunno o +rom cnnerentcrnymr nrorn npenn n pamxax Ienepantno
Accamnen OOH c 2005 r., ocoenno cnxsanntx c oxnaamn Ienepantnoro
cexperapx no oxsannocrn samnmart 2009, 2010 n 2011 rr. Tem, xro rax n ne
npnnxn xoncencyc 2005 r., npennx 2009 r. npecrannxnnct peantno nosmox-
nocrtm paspymnrt ero, onaxo ncxope crano ouennno, uro ns ncex unenon
OOH norn na +ro roront rontxo uertpe rocyapcrna: Kya, Hnxaparya, Cy-
an n Benecy+na
28
. C rex nop, necmorpx na oxnnnennte eart o nnmcax n
mnnycax xonxperntx mep, npnnnmaemtx n orner na xonxpernte cnryannn,
nospaxenn npornn xonnennnn oxsannocrn samnmart n nenom crano sna-
unrentno mentme. Taxax cnryannx nanmanact n n 2011 r., xora mnorne nt-
paxann onacennx no nonoy neperpysxn manara n Hnnnn
29
. Homnmo +roro,
no cocroxnnm na xonen 2011 r., cam CF OOH rpnxt cctnancx na oxsan-

27
Sewall, S. et al., Mass Atrocity Response Operations: A Military Planning Handbook (Har-
vard University, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy: Cambridge, MA, 2010).
28
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P), Implementing the Responsibility
to ProtectThe 2009 General Assembly Debate: An Assessment, GCR2P report (GCR2P: New
York, Aug. 2009), p. 4.
29
O nmntcxnx npennxx no nonpocy o oxsannocrn samnmart cm.: International Coalition
for the Responsibility to Protect, General Assembly holds third interactive dialogue on the role of
regional and sub-regional arrangements in implementing the Responsibility to Protect, 13 July 2011,
<http://www.wfm-igp.org/site/general-assembly-holds-third-dialogue-rtop-focuses-role-regional-
organizations>. O cenrxptcxnx omnx npennxx cm.: Global Centre for the Responsibility to
Protect, The responsibility to protect and the 66th opening of the General Assembly, September
2011, 7 Oct. 2011, <http://globalr2p.org/advocacy/>. O noxptcxnx npennxx no nonpocy o sa-
mnre rpaxancxnx nnn cm.: International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, 12th Secu-
rity Council Open Debate on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 9 Nov. 2011,
<http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/component/content/article/136-latest-news/3733>.
B xoe omnx npenn npn orxptrnn ceccnn Ienepantno Accamnen nanontmee nneuarne-
nne nponsnenn saxnnennx o nenpexoxmem xapaxrepe oxsannocrn samnmart, cenannte mn-
nncrpamn nyx crpan, ntcrynammnx c conepmenno pasntx nosnnn: Cnpnn n 3nmane.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 26
nocrt samnmart nocne npnnxrnx pesonmnn no Hnnnn: n cnonx pesonmnnxx
no Cyany n Hemeny n n saxnnennn npecearenx Conera o npeornpamennn
mexynapontx xon]nnxron
30
. B cenrxpe 2011 r. Ienepantnt cexperapt
OOH Han In Myn saxnnn: Mt onnnct nporpecca: renept mt neem cnopt
o rom, xaxnm opasom ntnonnxrt oxsannocrt samnmart, a ne o rom, ntnon-
nxrt nn ee noome. Hn ono npannrentcrno ne nonepraer comnennm +ror
npnnnnn
31
.


Bsanuocnnst ueay samn1on rpaaancxnx nnn
n onsannoc1tm samnma1t

ne nonte ntmenasnannte xonnennnn, sanxnmne xnmuenoe mecro n
mexynapono-nonnrnuecxo nonemnxe no nonpocy o samnre rpaxancxnx
nnn n nonom cronernn, recno cnxsant mexy coo, n nce nontrxn pasrpann-
unrt nx pont n rex peantntx cnryannxx, xora onn cnnennct noenno, yyr
nnment ncxxoro cmtcna, ecnn rontxo onn npenpnnnmamrcx ne n uncro ana-
nnrnuecxnx nenxx
32
. B npeamyne Pesonmnnn 1973 CF OOH no Hnnnn, nanpn-
mep, cenana uerxax orctnxa xax x nopmam o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, rax n x
oxsannocrn samnmart: euoei sae. o ornercrnennocrn nnnncxnx nna-
cre sa samnry nnnncxoro nacenennx n euoei noomeep+oa, uro cropont n
noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax necyr rnannym ornercrnennocrt sa npnnxrne ncex
nosmoxntx mep nx oecneuennx samnrt rpaxancxoro nacenennx
33
.
B cnoem ntcrynnennn na orxptrom saceannn Conera Fesonacnocrn
OOH no nonpocam samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n 2006 r. samecrnrent Ienepant-
noro cexperapx no rymannrapntm nonpocam n 3renann xcno noxasan, uro
oe +rn oxrpnnt onnpamrcx na omym nopmarnnnym ocnony, n nouepxnyn,
uro oxsannocrt samnmart xnnxercx onnm ns rnanntx npnnnnnon uenone-
uecrna, xoropt onxen crart noncrnne omnm enom n... nonnornrtcx n
conmecrnte ecrnnx ncex unenon Conera n name rnoantno Oprannsa-
nnn
34
. Bnepnte Coner Fesonacnocrn noepxan xonnennnm oxsannocrn

30
Pesonmnnx 1996 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 8 nmnx 2011 r.; Pesonmnnx 2014 Conera
Fesonacnocrn OOH, 21 oxrxpx 2011 r.; n saxnnenne Hpecearenx Conera Fesonacnocrn Op-
rannsannn Oennenntx Hann, S/PRST/2011/18, 22 cenrxpx 2011 r.
31
United Nations, Effective prevention requires early, active, sustained engagement, stresses
Secretary-General at ministerial round table on responsibility to protect, Press Release
SG/SM/13838, 23 Sep. 2011.
32
Fonee nopono oe +rn xonnennnn n nx nsanmocnxst (cecrpt, no ne nnsnent) npo-
anannsnponant n paore: Popovski, V. et al., Responsibility to Protect and Protection of Civil-
ians, Security Challenges, vol. 7, no. 4 (summer 2011). Cxarte, no nectma nonesnte cneennx
coepxarcx n paore: Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (cnocxa 15). Cm. raxxe:
Breakey, H. et al., Enhancing Protection Capacity: A Guide to the Responsibility to Protect and
the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflicts (Asia-Pacific Civil Military Centre of Excel-
lence/Institute for Ethics, Governance and Law: Canberra/Brisbane, 2012).
33
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (cnocxa 10) (ntenenne xypcnnom n opn-
rnnane).
34
Coner Fesonacnocrn Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann, crenoruer o 5577-m sacea-
nnn, S/PV.5577, 4 exapx 2006 r.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 27
samnmart n cnoe pesonmnnn o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n 2006 r.
35
Kax nop-
mt o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, rax n nopmt o oxsannocrn samnmart onn-
pamrcx na onn n re xe nonoxennx mexynaponoro npana, cranaprt n o-
nacrn npan uenonexa n npan exennen n uacrn, xacammecx oxsannocre or-
entntx rocyapcrn. Kpome roro, nn ona ns +rnx oxrpnn ne xnnxercx
cnnonnmom noennoro nropxennx: n pamxax oxsannocrn samnmart npey-
cmorpen nectma pasnoopasnt naop npenenrnnntx mep n mep pearnpona-
nnx, a samnra rpaxancxnx nnn, xorx n oneparnnnom ornomennn ceptesne-
mn ynop n ne n cenan na manart mnpornopuecxnx onepann, oxnartnaer
namnoro onee mnpoxn xpyr saau.
3rn nopmt pasnnuamrcx nnmt n nyx ornomennxx, nn ono ns xoroptx
ne nrpaer pemamme ponn nx nene nacroxmero nccneonannx. 3amnra rpa-
xancxnx nnn namnoro mnpe oxsannocrn samnmart, nocxontxy npana n no-
rpenocrn nacenennx, sarparnnaemoro noopyxenntm xon]nnxrom, ornmt ne
orpannunnamrcx samnro or maccontx snepcrn. Onaxo n onom cymecrnen-
nom ornomennn oxnar nonxrnx oxsannocrt samnmart ntxonr anexo sa
pamxn nonxrnx samnra rpaxancxnx nnn: ono npenonaraer npeornpame-
nne n npeceuenne maccontx snepcrn nne sanncnmocrn or roro, nponcxoxr nn
onn no npemx noopyxennoro xon]nnxra nnn nne ero. Cnryannn n Kamoxe
1970-x roon, n Pyane 1994 r., n Kennn 2008 r. n Hnnnn, no xpane mepe na
momenr npnnxrnx Pesonmnnn 1973 n ]enpane 2011 r., cnyxar xpacnopeunnt-
mn npnmepamn, uro raxne snepcrna nosmoxnt n n nenoennoe npemx.


III. HOCHE COFITHH B HHBHH: KAKOBI HPEEHI
BMEBATEHICTBA?

Bmnonnenne Pesonmnnn 1973: nenocnntnme saaun?

Cnryannx n Hnnnn n 2011 r., no xpane mepe na nepntx nopax, moxer
cnyxnrt xnaccnuecxnm npnmepom ecrnnx oxsannocrn samnmart n cnyuae
crpemnrentno +cxanannn maccontx snepcrn, xora otunte mept npey-
npexennx na pannnx +ranax yxe ne ecrnennt. B ]enpane 2011 r. npn no-
ntrxe cnn Kaa]n noannrt nepnonauantno mnpnte nporecrt npornn ne-
pernon pexnma, noxnonnennte nonno penonmnn apacxo necnt n
Tynnce n Ernnre, nornno, no mentme mepe, necxontxo coren nnnnnen
36
. B
orner Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH npnnxn Pesonmnnm 1970, n xoropo orent-
no ynomnnaercx o rom, uro nnnncxne nnacrn oxsant samnmart nacenenne
cnoe crpant, ocyxaercx nacnnne n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn, coep-
xnrcx rpeonanne npexparnrt raxoe nacnnne, n cenana nontrxa opasymnrt
Kaa]n c nomomtm nenenanpannenntx canxnn, opyxenoro +mapro n yr-
post npecneonannx nnnonntx n conepmennn npecrynnenn npornn ueno-
neunocrn Mexynapontm yrononntm cyom
37
.

35
Pesonmnnx 1674 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (cnocxa 23).
36
Cm. cnocxy 7.
37
Pesonmnnx 1970 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 26 ]enpanx 2011 r.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 28
Kora crano ouennno, uro Kaa]n ne rontxo nrnopnpyer +ry pesonm-
nnm, no n nnannpyer maccnponannym araxy na Fenrasn, ne nmex namepennx
npoxnnrt nn mnnocepnx, nn xanocrn x rem, xoro cunraer cnonmn npornn-
nnxamn, xax noopyxenntm, rax n esopyxntm (npn +rom, ynorpenennoe nm
cnono rapaxant ntsnano ocoo ocrpte uyncrna y rex, xro nomnnn, xax na-
stnann napo ryrcn nepe renonnom n Pyane n 1994 r.), Coner Fesonacno-
crn npnnxn Pesonmnnm 1973
38
. B ne Coner nnont cctnancx na npnnnnn ox-
sannocrn samnmart (a raxxe na npnnnnn samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn), no-
rnepxan cnom pemnmocrt oecneunrt samnry rpaxancxnx nnn, ocyxan
neconmenne nepno pesonmnnn, rpeonan nemenennoro npexpamennx or-
nx n nonnoro ncxnmuennx nacnnnx n nmtx nanaenn na rpaxancxnx nnn,
xecroxoro opamennx c nnmn n orxptro canxnnonnponan noopyxennoe nme-
marentcrno co cropont rocyapcrn-unenon nx ocrnxennx yxasanntx nene.
Coner paspemnn noennte mept npnnyxennx n nyx ]opmax: nce neo-
xonmte mept nx oecneuennx conmennx sanpera na nonert n nectma
naxnoe n upenaroe ceptesntmn nocnecrnnxmn npenoxennoe CBA n no-
cnenn momenr ononnenne nce neoxonmte mept... nx samnrt rpax-
ancxoro nacenennx n mecr ero npoxnnannx, naxoxmnxcx no yrposo nana-
ennx. B pesonmnnn xnno ncxnmuanact nnmt nosmoxnocrt npetnannx
nnocrpanntx oxxynannonntx cnn, rax xax nasemnoe nropxenne tno t
upesmepntm, c rouxn spennx Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn, a nonnrnuecxax no-
epxxa +ro pernonantno oprannsannn tna aconmrno neoxonma, urot
sa npoexr pesonmnnn nporonoconano noannxmmee ontmnncrno unenon Co-
nera Fesonacnocrn, a Poccnx n Knra ne nocnontsonannct cnonm npanom nero.
Kpome roro, raxax pernonantnax noepxxa tna npnnnnnnantno naxna nx
roro, urot Bennxopnrannx n CBA mornn ecrnonart, ne onacaxct onn-
nenn co cropont apacxoro n ncnamcxoro mnpa n namepennn npnernyrt x
cnoe anne raxrnxe xpecrontx noxoon, xoropo onn nocnontsonannct
nx nropxennx n Hpax.
HATO nauana ecrnonart nemenenno, n nmenno naroapx +romy ya-
noct npeornparnrt macmranym xaracrpo]y n rnent orpomnoro uncna rpa-
xancxnx nnn n Fenrasn. B +ro uacrn npnnnnn oxsannocrn samnmart tn
peannsonan nmenno rax, xax n npenonaranoct. On onpanan nnxonanne rex,
xro (xax n anrop nacroxmnx crpox) n ror momenr cunrann, uro c npnnxrnem
+ro xonnennnn tna orxptra nonax crpannna n, nosmoxno, nocne mnornx
cronern espasnnunoro (xax mnnnmym) ornomennx x maccontm snepcrnam
mnp cmoxer naexrtcx na yymee, ne ompauennoe npecrynnennxmn, noo-
ntmn renonny n Pyane. Onaxo ne nce pasenxnn +ror nepnonauantnt
nocropr. C camoro nauana cxenrnxn yrnepxann, uro, nepoxrno, es mexyna-
ponoro nmemarentcrna uncno xeprn cotrn n Fenrasn tno t cymecr-
nenno mentme, a neperonopt npnnecnn t ycnex, ecnn t nm ann ontme
npemenn
39
. Tenept, sannm uncnom, yxe nenosmoxno nponepnrt npanory ra-
xnx yrnepxenn, no nmenno +rn onot ntrnxxr neyenrentntmn. He-

38
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (cnocxa 10).
39
Cm., nanpnmep: Roberts, H., Who said Gaddafi had to go?, London Review of Books, 17
Nov. 2011, p. 818, n nocneonanmn sa +rnm omen mnennxmn n Letters, London Review of
Books, 15 Dec. 2011, p. 45.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 29
cmorpx na ncm esycnonnym anrnnarnm x Kaa]n co cropont 3anaa n Hn-
rn apacxnx rocyapcrn, nenosmoxno axe npecrannrt, uro Coner Fesonac-
nocrn paccmorpen t, ne ronopx yxe o rom, uro npnnxn t pesonmnnm o
ncex neoxonmtx mepax, ecnn t na ror momenr rax mnoro crpan (n rom
uncne Knra, Poccnx n pyrne, xro ne ntcrynnn npornn npnnxrnx Pesonm-
nnn 1973) ne tnn t ncxpenne yexent n rom, uro or pyx pexnma Kaa-
]n nornno mnoxecrno mnpntx nporecrymmnx, n eme ontme oxasanoct na
rpann rnenn n Fenrasn. Honeenne Kaa]n n reuenne rpex neent c momen-
ra npnnxrnx Conerom npetyme pesonmnnn noxasano, uro on nacrpoen xa-
reropnuecxn npornn nmoro pemennx, x xoropomy cropont mornn npnrn ny-
rem nonnrnuecxnx neperonopon n xoropoe, nne ncxxnx comnenn, osnauano t
nx nero norepm nmo xort cxontxo-nnyt snaunmo nnacrn.
Fonee necomt n o cnx nop ocyxaemt onot npornn nmemarentcrna
nnoro poa. Onn xacamrcx ne crontxo nepnonauantntx ornerntx noopyxen-
ntx ecrnn, n xoe xoroptx tna paspymena nn]pacrpyxrypa nnnncxnx
BBC n npenpnnxra araxa na cyxonyrnte cnnt, nacrynanmne na Fenrasn,
cxontxo rex ocroxrentcrn, xora crano oxonuarentno xcno, uro cnnt no
npenonrentcrnom HATO ne yonontcrnymrcx nnuem, xpome cment pexnma,
n noyr na nce pan ocrnxennx +ro nenn. Ho nocnennm nopasymenaer-
cx ne rontxo xareropnuecxn orxas npnnxrt npenoxennx o npexpamennn or-
nx, cenannte, nosmoxno, nceptes, no n nanecenne annayapon no erymnm
noennocnyxamnm, ne npecrannxnmnm onee onacnocrn nx rpaxancxnx
nnn (n rom uncne na sanepmammem +rane onepannn n oxrxpe), n no camomy
Kaa]n, a raxxe yapon no nenxm, ne xnnxmmnmcx nenocpecrnenno yrpo-
so c noenno rouxn spennx (nanpnmep, no xnaprany n Tpnnonn n anpene, re,
no coomennxm, nornnn ctn Xamnc n rpoe nnyxon Kaa]n), n, ecnn rono-
pnrt n omnx ueprax, oxasanne ncecroponne noepxxn noncrannam (nnnort
o napymennx opyxenoro +mapro Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH Karapom n
upannne) n crpemnrentno pasropenmecx nonnomacmrano rpaxancxo
none
40
.
Px xpnrnxon ne mornn ne oxapaxrepnsonart nce +rn ecrnnx xax ntxo-
xmne sa pamxn manara, npeycmorpennoro Pesonmnne 1973, nnn, no xpa-
ne mepe, xax cnnmxom nontnoe ronxonanne yxnt +ro pesonmnnn n napy-
mennx ee yxa. Hx nerarnnno onennna Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn, xoropax
nsnauantno ropxuo noepxana pesonmnnm, a raxxe mnorne ns rex crpan,
xoropte panee ne nospaxann npornn npnnxrnx +ro pesonmnnn, n rom uncne
Fpasnnnx, Poccnx, Hnnx, Knra n RAP. 3rn crpant npnnonnn raxne e-
crnnx n xauecrne onoa npornn npnnxrnx CF OOH xort cxontxo-nnyt cy-
mecrnenno pesonmnnn no Cnpnn na nporxxennn ncero 2011 r.
41
C pyro
cropont, ronopnnoct n o rom, uro nocxontxy nentm nmemarentcrna ncera
xnnxercx samnra rpaxancxnx nnn, enncrnenntm cnocoom naexno oeso-
nacnrt mnpnoe nacenenne n raxnx paonax, xax Tpnnonn, naxonnmncx no

40
O ntnonnennn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx cm. rn. 10, pasen III nacroxmero nsannx.
41
Cm., nanpnmep, saxnnennx pasno crenenn npxmort, no c ono ome nee, cenan-
nte nocroxnntmn npecrannrenxmn Fpasnnnn (p. 1820), Hnnn (p. 2023), RAP (p. 2628),
Poccnn (p. 2829) n Knrax (p. 2930) n Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann, oxymenr S/PV.
6650 (cnocxa 14).
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 30
xonrponem Kaa]n, tno orcrpanenne nocnenero or nnacrn. Px cxenrnxon
ne npemnnynn oxcnnrt onepannm xya onee remntmn, xoptcrntmn nnn
pyrnmn mornnamn, nnn xe npocro npoxenno rxro x none upannnn, Be-
nnxopnrannn n CBA, xorx, xax npecrannxercx, noneenne sanantx ep-
xan xya onee ymecrno tno t cunrart, npexe ncero, ncxpennnm nopt-
nom, peaxnne na ro, uro onn counn rymannrapntm xpnsncom
42
.
Tem ne menee ocraercx orxptrtm nonpoc, ne tna nn raxax peaxnnx
upesmepno xecrxo. Moxno nn tno na ene orpearnponart c npnmenennem
noopyxenno cnnt na cnryannm, noonym cnoxnnmecx n Hnnnn, ne npn-
nxn nnutm cropony n ne nauan nonnomacmranym nony? B nepnonauantnom
oxnae MKBIC, necomnenno, nonpoc o noopyxennom nmemarentcrne n ne-
nxx ntnonnennx oxsannocrn samnmart paccmarpnnancx n noonom orpann-
uennom cnere. Hocxontxy saaue noennoro nmemarentcrna xnnxercx samnra
rpynn nme, a ne noennoe nopaxenne nnn ynnuroxenne npara, ero ocymecr-
nnenne ornnuaercx or rpannnonnoro neennx nont. Xorx onepannn no no-
ennomy nmemarentcrny rpeymr npnmenennx cnnt n macmraax, neoxon-
mtx (n n pxe cnyuaen onn moryr trt nectma snaunrentntmn) nx samnrt
nacenennx, naxoxmerocx n onacnocrn, nx rnanno nentm ncera xnnxercx
ocrnxenne tcrporo ycnexa neno mnnnmantntx norept cpen rpaxancxo-
ro nacenennx n nanecennx xax moxno mentmero ymepa, urot maxcnmantno
onerunrt ntnonnenne saau no noccranonnennm nopmantno xnsnn na no-
crxon]nnxrnom +rane
43
.
Anrop nacroxme rnant, yyun oecnoxoen rem, uro n pesyntrare nrop-
xennx n Hnnnm nponsoer orxar n noepxxe samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n
oxsannocrn samnmart, o]nnnantno ntcrynnn c npenonoxennem, uro tno
t nyume, ecnn t xoannnnx cnn no pyxonocrnom HATO npoxnnna ont-
mym cepxannocrt npn nponeennn onepannn, orpannunnmnct noepxann-
em ecnonerno sont, nanecennem yapon no nmtm cxonnennxm cnn, npe-
crannxmmnm xnnym yrposy nx rpaxancxnx nnn, n npeocrannn noncrannam
necrn nony cnonmn cnnamn
44
.
Cneyer npnsnart, uro npnepxnnartcx raxo nosnnnn tno t ropaso
rpynee. Hpononct onepannx noontm opasom, nona morna t sarxnyrt-
cx n crart onee ecnopxouno, npn +rom, nepoxrno, tno t ontme xeprn
cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx, a Kaa]n nonyunn nonnym cnooy ecr-
nn nx conepmennx camtx crpamntx cnonx npecrynnenn n es cxonnenn
nocx, xoroptm mornn t yrpoxart yapt, xax n Tpnnonn, rax n sa ero npee-
namn
45
. Hpn +rom n n enponecxnx crpanax, n n CBA namnoro cnoxnee tno

42
Cm., nanpnmep: Roberts (cnocxa 39); n paort mnorouncnenntx xpnrnxon ymecrnocrn n
nonesnocrn oxsannocrn samnmart n raxnx cnryannxx, n rom uncne: OConnor, M., How to
lose a revolution n Hehir, A., The illusion of progress: Libya and the future of R2P, The
Responsibility to Protect (e-International Relations: Nov. 2011).
43
Mexynaponax xomnccnx no nonpocam nmemarentcrna n rocyapcrnennoro cynepenn-
rera (cnocxa 20), n. 7.1, c. 64. Cm. raxxe: Evans (cnocxa 16), p. 214.
44
Evans, G., Letters (cnocxa 39), p. 4.
45
Yrnepxenne o rom, uro mexynaponoe nmemarentcrno n rom nne, n xoropom ono
nmeno mecro, npnneno x ontmemy uncny xeprn, uem tno t es nero, oxasart nentsx.
Hpecrannxercx pasymntm onycrnrt, uro es nero n nmom cnyuae n crpane paspasnnact t
xpononponnrnax rpaxancxax nona, macconte snepcrna xoropo npexparnnnct t nno co
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 31
t yperynnponart nnyrpnnonnrnuecxne acnexrt neonpeenenno no npeme-
nn, no nmemme orpannuennt manar onepannn, uem ntnrpart xoporxym,
ymepenno xecroxym nony c saxnnenno nentm nnsnoxennx nenanncrnoro
ncem nxraropa. Kpome roro, noenntx ncera nenerxo orronopnrt or nponee-
nnxx raxnx onepann, n xoroptx onn uyncrnymr cex nanonee xom]oprno:
ncnontsonanne ncex nmemmnxcx pecypcon nx noet na uerxo onpeenen-
ntm npornnnnxom. Bnonne nosmoxno, uro na npaxrnxe nmemarentcrno n Hn-
nnn n nmo nno ]opme oxasanoct t npocro neocymecrnnmtm.
Onaxo nponema n rom, uro n mnpe ner mnpoxo mexynapono rpyn-
nt, xoropax ntcrynana t n noepxxy raxoro noxoa x maccontm snepcr-
nam, xoropt ne ycranannnnan t npeentno uerxne rpannnt nx camo
xpane mept pearnponannx noennoro npnnyxennx. Hpn mexynaponom
nopxxe, ocnonannom na nepxonencrne npana, ecnn npnnnmaercx neoxon-
mocrt oopennx Conerom Fesonacnocrn nmoro npnmenennx cnnt n nenxx
npnnyxennx, sa ncxnmuennem cnyuaen camosamnrt, onepannn onxnt
ocymecrnnxrtcx n pamxax, n ornomennn xoroptx unent +roro oprana moryr
npnrn x xoncencycy n coxpannrt ero. Ecnn ecrnnx nexoroptx xnmuentx
rocyapcrn, no mnennm pyrnx, noptnamr npounocrt +roro xoncencyca, e-
no ne orpannunrcx rem, uro n yymem craner npaxrnuecxn nenosmoxno o-
nrtcx xoncencyca ncex unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn ornocnrentno npnme-
nennx noopyxenno cnnt n cnyuae maccontx snepcrn noome; yer nenmo-
nepno rpyno onrtcx nx cornacnx n na cymecrnenno menee xecrxne mept.
Kaxercx, nmenno raxo ypox moxno nsnneut ns cnryannn c Cnpne, no xpa-
ne mepe noxa cotrnx n Hnnnn eme cnexn y ncex n namxrn.


Ieononn1nuecxan cn1yannn nocne nnnnncxnx com1nn:
nosuoanoc1n nn nonoro xoncencyca?

B yymem nonemnxa moxer pasnnnartcx no nym ocnonntm nanpanne-
nnxm. Ono ns nnx napocan +nn Pn]]. Ho ero mnennm, nmecro roro uro-
t ntrartcx ntpaorart nonym orpannuennym xonnennnm noennoro nmema-
rentcrna n nenxx ntnonnennx oxsannocrn samnmart, n axe nmecro roro
urot npoonxart nect npoexr no oxsannocrn samnmart co ncemn ero mno-
royponnentmn noxoamn n ynopom na ocrnxenne mexynaponoro xoncen-
cyca ornocnrentno nenoro cnexrpa mep no npeynpexennm maccontx
snepcrn n pearnponannm na nnx, mt mornn t npocro npnnxrt na noopyxe-
nne xonnennnm cnpanennno nont
46
. Ho-nnnmomy, xorx on ne ronopnr o
+rom npxmo, no +rnm nonnmaercx ocymecrnnenne cnennantntx nmema-
rentcrn nne pamox Conera Fesonacnocrn no nnnxnnem mopantntx ocnona-
nn, a ne na ocnonannn npanontx nonnomoun, r. e. nmemarentcrn, noontx
rem, xoropte npemx or npemenn ocymecrnnxnnct n npomnom (nanpnmep, ry-

cnepxennem Kaa]n, nno c ero noeo na ncemn necornacntmn, npn +rom nentsx yraart
uncno xeprn nn onoro ns +rnx napnanron. 3ror mero ncnontsonan n paore: Seybolt, T. B.,
SIPRI, Humanitarian Military Intervention: The Conditions for Success and Failure (Oxford Uni-
versity Press: Oxford, 2007).
46
Rieff, D., Saints go marching in, National Interest, July/Aug. 2011, p. 615.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 32
mannrapnte nmemarentcrna n XIX n. n nenxx samnrt xpncrnan, xoroptm yr-
poxana onacnocrt n pasnnuntx uacrxx Ocmancxo nmnepnn, a n neannem
npomnom onepannn HATO n Kocono n 1999 r.)
47
.
pyro noxo cocronr n rom, urot noontm opasom ne art nt-
nnecnyrt nmecre c noo peenxa xonnennnm oxsannocrn samnmart, nep-
nyrtcx x ocnonam n c onopo na yxe sanoxennt nnymnrentnt ]ynamenr
npnnxrtcx sa opaorxy n antnemee pasnnrne nopmt o oxsannocrn sa-
mnmart raxnm opasom, urot onrtcx xoncencyca axe n cnxsn c camtmn
cnoxntmn cnyuaxmn. nx ocrnxennx +ro nenn norpeyercx, urot xnmue-
nte epxant, npnnxnmne oe cropont n npennxx no nroram nmemarentcrna n
Hnnnn, necxontxo orcrynnnn or saxnnenntx nosnnn. B cnoxnnmecx reono-
nnrnuecxo ocranonxe +ro nosmoxno yer ne cront cnoxntm, xax morno
noxasartcx nnauane: npn nnnmarentnom paccmorpennn nosnnn ntnemnnx
xnmuentx nrpoxon ntxcnnrcx, uro n xaxom orentnom cnyuae ecrnymr
cnnt c pasnnuntmn nexropamn n onn ornmt ne ronxamr rocyapcrna n pan-
xantno npornnononoxnte narepx.
Xorx sanante rocyapcrna nocroxnnte unent Conera Fesonacnocrn
o nacroxmero npemenn nanonee orxptro ntpaxann npnnepxennocrt xon-
nennnn oxsannocrn samnmart no ncex ee nsmepennxx (n maxcnmantnym ro-
ronnocrt orcrannart neoxonmocrt npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt n nenxx
npnnyxennx n coornercrnymmnx cnyuaxx), Bennxopnrannx n upannnx ne
cnpanxrcx c +ro saaue n onnouxy, ecnn rontxo peut ne ner o cpannnrent-
no orpannuenntx no macmray onepannxx npoe pnrancxo onepannn Han-
nncep n Cteppa-Heone n 2000 r. nnn onepannn Apremna no npenon-
rentcrnom upannnn (xorx ]opmantno +ro tna mnccnx EC) n 2003 r. n PK
48
.
Ecnn xe ronopnrt o CBA, nnn nesamennmo epxane, xax nasnana ee Ma-
nen Onpar sa ee ynnxantnym cnoconocrt npoennponart cnny npaxrnuecxn
n nmym rouxy semnoro mapa, moxno oxnart, uro n yymem onn npoxnxr
maxcnmantnym ocropoxnocrt n npnnxrnn na cex nontx noenntx oxsa-
rentcrn, xpome rex cnyuaen, xora nosnnxaer ouennnax yrposa nx nanno-
nantntm nnrepecam n camom ysxom cmtcne +roro cnona
49
. Hsonxnnonncrcxne
nacrpoennx, n es roro mnpoxo pacnpocrpanennte cpen amepnxancxnx rpa-
xan n n xonrpecce, ceronx cnntnt xax nnxora. Hs ontra nmemarentcrn n
A]ranncrane n Hpaxe sa npomemne ecxrt ner tn ntnecen onesnennt
ypox noennax momt nmeer cnon rpannnt. B cnxsn c mxerntmn rpyno-
crxmn, ntsnanntmn rnoantntm ]nnancontm xpnsncom n ero nocnecrnnx-
mn, noennte pacxot CBA n nnxamne rot cymecrnenno coxparxrcx. Ta-
xnm opasom, n annt momenr crano namnoro mentme npnunn, uem, nanpn-
mep, n nepno nont n Hpaxe n 2003 r., nx ecnoxocrna, uro xpynnemne

47
Rodogno, D., Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire 1815
1914 (Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 2012); n Evans (cnocxa 16), p. 19, 2930.
48
EC, ne n nocnenmm ouepet n cnny roro, uro Iepmannx no-npexnemy ne xenaer yuacr-
nonart n xaxnx-nno noontx mnccnxx (uro xncrnyer ns roro ]axra, uro ona nosepxanact
npn ronoconannn no Pesonmnnn 1973), n nnxamem yymem npx nn craner ceptesntm
xonnexrnnntm cyexrom n raxnx meponpnxrnxx.
49
NBC Television, An interview with Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright on The To-
day Show with Matt Lauer, 19 Feb. 1998, <http://usembassy-israel.org.il/publish/press/state/
archive/1998/february/sd4220.htm>.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 33
sanante epxant ntpasxr roronnocrt npnnxrt yuacrne n ouepeno neonm-
nepnanncrnuecxo ananrmpe.
na pyrnx nocroxnntx unena Conera Fesonacnocrn, Knra n Poccnx,
rpannnonno tnn n ontme crenenn cxnonnt nnnnuno nnn ncxpenne n
ryr ymecren onpeenennt cxenrnnnsm, ocoenno n ornomennn Poccnn or-
crannart npnnnnnt nenmemarentcrna no nnyrpennne ena pyrnx crpan n
ynaxennx cynepennrera, enncrna n reppnropnantno nenocrnocrn rocy-
apcrn
50
. Hecmorpx na +ro, Knra, nonpexn oxnannxm mnornx, ne ctrpan
xort cxontxo-nnyt nerarnnno ponn n xoe earon n npenepnn npenn n
pamxax Bcemnpnoro cammnra 2005 r., re ocyxannct nonpoct oxsannocrn
samnmart, n c rex nop unnnn anexo ne camte ceptesnte npenxrcrnnx paore
n +ro onacrn. On ne cran nospaxart npornn nepnonauantno Pesonm-
nnn 1973 no Hnnnn, n nce ero nocneymmne nospaxennx yxnatnannct n no-
rnxy neoxonmocrn ecrnonart xpane ocmorpnrentno npn canxnnonn-
ponannn npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt n nenxx samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n
nonnoro n crpororo ntnonnennx pesonmnn Conera Fesonacnocrn n neo-
nymennx nx npenamepennoro ncxaxennoro ronxonannx
51
. Cranonnrcx nce
onee ouennntm, uro Knra ocosnaer, uro ero pont n mexynapontx enax
onxna paccmarpnnartcx xax xoncrpyxrnnnax n ornercrnennax, n ne xenaer,
urot ero nocnpnnnmann xax rocyapcrno, nncrnnxrnnno necnoconoe or-
xnnxnyrtcx na neoxonmocrt nopo ocrarouno xecrxnx mep conmecrnoro
pearnponannx na macconte snepcrna
52
. B nauane 2012 r., conepmenno neoxn-
anno nx ncex, Knra nomen npornn nonn Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n na-
noxnn nero na npoexr pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn no Cnpnn, n xoropom
ntpaxanoct ocyxenne, onaxo ne npenonaranoct nnoro nmemarentcrna n
ena +roro rocyapcrna. Bosmoxno, annoe cotrne oxcnxercx ne pemnmo-
crtm orcroxrt cnom rnepym nosnnnm no oxsannocrn samnmart xax raxo-
no, a pyrnmn npnunnamn, n uacrnocrn, ecnoxocrnom Knrax no nonoy
roro, uro CBA oxastnamr nce ontmee annenne na ncnontsyemte nm nc-
rounnxn +nepronocnrene na Fnnxnem Bocroxe
53
.
Kax n npenepnn 2005 r., rax n nocne nero xya onee nenpexnonntm
npornnnnxom xecrxnx mep pearnponannx tna Poccnx. Tem ne menee ona ne
crana ntcrynart nn npornn Hroronoro oxymenra Bcemnpnoro cammnra, nn

50
Hanpnmep, saxnnenne nocroxnnoro npecrannrenx Knrax npn OOH Hn Faoyna. Opra-
nnsannx Oennenntx Hann, oxymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 30.
51
Hanpnmep, onxrt xe saxnnenne Hn Faoyna. Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, o-
xymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 30.
52
Anannrnxn nauann opamart nexoropoe nnnmanne na norennnantno xoncrpyxrnnnym
pont Knrax n mnorocroponnem ]opmare: Hoxa +ro ornocnrentno enax crpana c nenaex-
ntm reorpa]nuecxnm nonoxennem n ncntrtnammax neocrarox nourn ncex nosmoxntx npn-
pontx pecypcon. Ee +xonomnxa naxonrcx n cnntno sanncnmocrn or sanantx ptnxon. E
neoxonma orxptrax mexynaponax cncrema. Hnrepecno, xax cxopo Knra ntcrynnr n xa-
uecrne ouepenoro opna sa mnorocroponnn mnponopxox? Stephens, P., How a self-
sufficient America could go it alone, Financial Times, 12 Jan. 2012.
53
Russia and China veto resolution on Syria at UN, BBC News, 4 Feb. 2012, <http://www.
bbc.co.uk/news/world-16890107>. Cm. raxxe: Sayigh, Y., Chinas position on Syria, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 8 Feb. 2012, <http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/
08/china-s-position-on-syria/>.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 34
npornn pesonmnn 2011 r. no Hnnnn, nn npornn pyrnx pesonmnn Conera
Fesonacnocrn, xacammnxcx oxsannocrn samnmart. Fonee roro, Poccnx xnno
cocnanact na nopmy, oxstnammym samnmart, nx onpanannx cnoero noen-
noro nropxennx n Ipysnm n 2008 r., xorx mexynaponoe coomecrno ne co-
uno raxoe oxcnenne yenrentntm
54
. Bosnnxmne y Poccnn nnocnecrnnn
nospaxennx xacannct, cxopee, roro, xax oxsannocrt samnmart ntnonnxnact
n Hnnnn (nonte cranaprt, nponxronannte xonmnxrypntmn coopa-
xennxmn nnn npenourennxmn xonxperntx rocyapcrn), uem ee nopmarnn-
noro coepxannx
55
. Poccnx ocoenno axrnnno ntcrynana sa ycnnenne ponn
pernonantntx oprannsann n ene npeornpamennx n yperynnponannx xon-
]nnxron n, xax n pyrne, ouennno, noneprnact nnnxnnm nosnnnn Hnrn
apacxnx rocyapcrn, xoropax pemnrentno ntcxasanact sa nmemarentcrno n
Hnnnn. Hpn +rom Poccnx ne couna ocrarouno noepxxy nn Hnrn apacxnx
rocyapcrn, nn 13 unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH n nanoxnna nero na
npoexr pesonmnnn no Cnpnn, ntnecennt na paccmorpenne Conera
4 ]enpanx 2012 r. Cornacno npenaraemo pesonmnnn, Coner ocyxan nacn-
nne, ntpaxan noepxxy nnana ecrnn no oecneuennm nonnrnuecxoro
nepexoa n ne yrpoxan npnmenennem nnxaxnx mep npnnyxennx. Onaxo co-
opaxennx nonnrnuecxoro nparmarnsma c yuerom recntx n annnx +xonomn-
uecxnx n crparernuecxnx ornomenn c Cnpne n pexnmom npesnenra Fama-
pa Acaa nepenecnnn
56
. He cronr oxnart, uro Poccnx npoxnnr raxym xe ne-
npnmnpnmocrt n pyrnx cnryannxx n yymem.
Cpen ocrantntx crpan +ro rpynnt nocnennm snaunmtm rocyapcr-
nom, xoropoe npnmnoct yexart npncoennnrtcx x xoncencycy 2005 r., cra-
na Hnnx. H axe npncoennnnmnct x nemy, Hnnx es ocooro +nrysnasma
noepxnnana xonnennnm oxsannocrn samnmart (xpome xax n cnyuae c xon-
]nnxrom na Bpn-Hanxe n 2009 r., xora mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Hpana
Myxepxn npnsnan npannrentcrno Bpn-Hanxn ntnonnnrt cnom oxsannocrt
samnmart cocrnenntx rpaxan). Koneuno, Hnnx ntcrynnna ena nn ne c
camo xecrxo xpnrnxo ntnonnennx manara na nmemarentcrno n Hnnnn
xax n Conere Fesonacnocrn, rax n n Conere no npanam uenonexa. Ona noep-
xana mept nmemarentcrna, nepnonauantno npenoxennte n ornomennn Hn-
nnn n Pesonmnnn 1970, ne ntpasnn nospaxenn n npornn Pesonmnnn 1973,
ntcrynnna c ocyxammnm saxnnennem no Cnpnn n xauecrne npecearenx
Conera Fesonacnocrn n noepxana npoexr pesonmnnn no Cnpnn n ]enpane
2012 r.
57
Homnmo +roro, Hnnx noepxana npenoxenne o ncnontsonannn
cnn OOH nx samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n Kor-Hnyape, cama c roronnocrtm
nanpannxna mnpornopuecxn xonrnnrenr nx yuacrnx n onepannxx no samnre

54
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, The Georgia-Russia crisis and the respon-
sibility to protect, Background note, 19 Aug. 2008, <http://globalr2p.org/advocay/>.
55
Hocroxnnt npecrannrent Poccnn npn OOH Bnrann uypxnn nosepxancx or ynomn-
nannx poccncxoro nropxennx n Ipysnm n +ro cnxsn. Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann,
oxymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 28.
56
Cm.: Trenin, D., Russias line in the sand on Syria, Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, 5 Feb. 2012, <http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/05/russia-s-line-in-sand-on-syria/9g77>.
57
3axnnenne c ocyxennem cnryannn n Cnpnn cm. n oxymenre: Oprannsannx Oen-
nenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. 3axnnenne Hpecearenx Conera Fesonacnocrn, oxy-
menr S/PRST/2011/16, 3 anrycra 2011 r.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 35
rpaxancxnx nnn c xecrxnmn manaramn n n nenom npenounrana enart
ynop ne crontxo na nospaxennn npornn npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt,
cxontxo na oosnauennn ycnonn nx ee ncnontsonannx, n rom uncne roro, uro
npnmenenne cnnt onxno trt nnmt xpane mepo n ncnontsonartcx
rontxo rora, xora nce nnnomarnuecxne n nonnrnuecxne ycnnnx ne ynenua-
nnct ycnexom, n uro sa ntnonnennem manaron, ntanntx Conerom Feso-
nacnocrn, onxen ocymecrnnxrtcx crporn nasop
58
. Hnnx crpemnrcx cos-
art cee penyrannm noopnnxa npan uenonexa n emoxparnn, npn +rom co-
xpannn penome npornnnnxa nmemarentcrn n rnasax nnxennx
nenpncoennennx (H). E yer nectma rpyno coxpanxrt +ror ananc (xax n
couerart opty sa xepnoe pasopyxenne na rnoantnom yponne c conpornn-
nennem raxomy pasopyxennm na nannonantnom)
59
. Bnnmo, pasymno yer
npenonoxnrt, uro nocxontxy Hnnx nce onee crpemnrcx x rnoantnomy nn-
epcrny, ona yer onee axrnnno n meronuno xoncrpyxrnnno coecrnonart
npeoonennm pasnornacn n +rnx nonpocax.
RAP, nanpornn, ntcrynnna axrnnntm croponnnxom xonnennnn oxsan-
nocrn samnmart na Bcemnpnom cammnre 2005 r., ctrpana npnnnnnnantno
naxnym pont n monnnsannn n ]opmynnponannn noepxxn yxasanno xon-
nennnn crpanamn A]pnxn x mry or Caxapt, orcrannana c rex nop ee n nenom
n ncxuecxn crpemnnact yxpennrt sanoenannym n nepno nocne naennx anap-
rena penyrannm crpant, ynaxamme npana uenonexa n emoxparnuecxne
nennocrn. Onaxo ona orxnonxnact or +roro xypca no nnnxnnem pyrnx cno-
nx ]ynxnn na mexynapono apene: ncxpennero croponnnxa omea]pn-
xancxo connapnocrn n connapnocrn RrRr, a raxxe pemnrentnoro no-
opnnxa nocpennuecrna n paspemennx xon]nnxron nyrem nanora. uro oxa-
sanoct naxnee ncero, n cnyuae c Hnnne, nmex annne pyxecxne cnxsn c
pexnmom Kaa]n n yyun nnepom nocpennuecxnx ycnnn A]pnxancxoro
comsa, RAP ntcrynnna c pesxo xpnrnxo noennoro nropxennx n +ry crpany,
xoropoe, no ee mnennm, anexo ntmno sa pamxn yxnt n yxa Pesonmnnn
1973
60
. Ecnn ee xnno ntpaxennym oecnoxoennocrt ornocnrentno neec-
npncrpacrno peannsannn manara yacrcx cnxrt, nosmoxno, y nac nnont
noxnnrcx naexa ynnert RAP n uncne pemnrentntx croponnnxon oxsan-
nocrn samnmart no ncex ee nsmepennxx.
Eme onnm rocyapcrnom, ouennno, pasptnammnmcx mexy omnm
xenannem sapyunrtcx noepxxo rnoantnoro Rra n xpennymnm ocosnann-
em cex xax crpemnrentno nanpammero nec rnoantnoro nrpoxa, onaam-
mero peantntm npecrnxem n ntpaxammero roronnocrt n +ro cnxsn onee
axrnnno ncnontsonart pnropnxy samnrt npan uenonexa n cnoe nnemne no-

58
3axnnenne nocroxnnoro npecrannrenx Hnnn X. C. Hypn. Oprannsannx Oennenntx
Hann, oxymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 18. Cm. raxxe: Tapn T. Mnpornopuecxne onepa-
nnn: xpynxn xoncencyc. E+eeoouur CHHPH 2011.
59
Cm., nanpnmep: Piccone, T. and Alinikoff, E., Rising Democracies and the Arab Awaken-
ing: Implications for Global Democracy and Human Rights (Brookings Institute: Washington,
DC, Jan. 2012), p. 1117.
60
3axnnenne nocroxnnoro npecrannrenx RAP F. Canrxy. Oprannsannx Oennenntx
Hann, oxymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 27. Cm. raxxe: Piccone and Alinikoff (cnocxa 59),
p. 2330.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 36
nnrnxe, crana Fpasnnnx
61
. Ona ona ns xnmuentx narnnoamepnxancxnx
crpan (uro ncropnuecxn cymecrnenno), npnnxna, noono RAP n Hnnn,
npnnnnnt orpannuennoro cynepennrera n npenepnn Bcemnpnoro cammnra
2005 r. n n nenom pemnrentno noepxnnana nopmy o oxsannocrn samn-
mart. Onaxo, xax n Poccnx, Hnnx, Knra n RAP, Fpasnnnx couna, uro
HATO ntmna anexo sa pamxn Pesonmnnn 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH
npn ocymecrnnennn onepannn n Hnnnn. Hpn +rom, n ornnune or nepeuncnen-
ntx crpan, Fpasnnnx ntpasnna xnnym roronnocrt x axrnnnomy noncxy nyre
nospoxennx xoncencyca no nonpocy cnnonoro nmemarentcrna n ocotx cny-
uaxx n ntcrynnna c npenoxennem ntpaorart napannentnt cymecrnymme
xonnennnn oxsannocrn samnmart cornaconannt naop ocnonononaram-
mnx npnnnnnon, napamerpon n nponeyp n onacrn oxsannocre n xoe
raxo samnrt
62
. Kax noxcnxercx n pasene IV, no nce nnnmocrn, naroapx
+romy moxno yer nepnyrt x xnsnn mnorocroponnn n ocnonannt na co-
rpynnuecrne noxo x samnre rpaxancxoro nacenennx, n rom uncne n ocoo
rxxentx cnyuaxx.
Hn ona ns ntmenepeuncnenntx epxan ne sannmana cront xareropnu-
nym nerarnnnym nosnnnm no nonpocy o mexynaponom nmemarentcrne n
Cnpnn, xax Knra n Poccnx. Ho nce nnnmocrn, ns +rnx nyx rpynn nmenno
nepnax ctrpaer nanonee cymecrnennym pont n noccranonnennn mexyna-
ponoro xoncencyca ornocnrentno roro, xax cneyer pearnponart na macco-
nte snepcrna. Eme ono xpane nnnxrentno epxano, xoropax n nnxa-
mne rot samer nemanonaxnoe mecro n paore na +rom nanpannennn, xax n
no mnornx pyrnx onacrxx, yer Typnnx, rpannnonno pemnrentno no-
epxnnanmax xonnennnm oxsannocrn samnmart. Typnnx nce onee axrnn-
nt, ynaxaemt nrpox ne rontxo n cnoem pernone, no n sa ero npeenamn, n
ona ntcrynaer c ocoo xecrxo xpnrnxo xpononponnrnoro ornera, annoro
cnpncxnm pexnmom cnonm esopyxntm npornnnnxam.


IV. HEPCHEKTHBI 3ABHTI IPAAHCKHX HHH

Boccranonnrt xoncencyc ornocnrentno npnmenennx nopm o oxsanno-
crn samnmart n n nenom o samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, cront tcrpo cornaco-
nanntx npn npnnxrnn pesonmnn Conera Fesonacnocrn no Hnnnn n Kor-
Hnyapy, nenpocro. Hanontmax nepoxrnocrt +roro nosmoxna, ecnn npex-
rnnnte oprant n noncrt, sannmammnecx nonpocamn samnrt rpaxancxo-
ro nacenennx, nocnontsymrcx nonnrnuecxo noepxxo, oxastnaemo n ne-
nom rocyapcrnamn unenamn OOH xonnennnn o oxsannocrn samnmart (o
uem paccxasano n pasene II), n n nnxamem yymem nanpanxr cnon ocnon-
nte ycnnnx na ocrnxenne nporpecca n nxrn nepeuncnenntx nnxe xonxper-
ntx onacrxx.

61
Piccone and Alinikoff (cnocxa 59), p. 410.
62
Cm. saxnnenne mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Fpasnnnn Anronny e Arnxpa Harpnort,
npecrannennoe nocroxnntm npecrannrenem Fpasnnnn M. H. Pnepy Bnorrn. Oprannsannx
Oennenntx Hann, oxymenr S/PV.6650 (cnocxa 14), c. 1820.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 37
Kpn1epnn nn paspemennn npnuenennn noopyaennon cnnm

Hpexe ncero neoxonmo ocrnrnyrt nonnmannx ornocnrentno nnon
ycnonn nnn xpnrepnen, xoropte onxnt trt conment nx paspemennx
npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt n nenxx npnnyxennx, a raxxe ornocnrentno
nponecca, c nomomtm xoroporo yer oecneueno conmenne n antnemem
nmmanenrntx orpannuenn, npeycmorpenntx n nmom manare, ntannom
Conerom Fesonacnocrn OOH. Hmenno +rn nponemt crann ocnonno npnun-
no orxara, nocneonanmero sa ntnonnennem Pesonmnnn 1973. B uacrnocrn,
upannnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA onxnt co nce ceptesnocrtm ornecrnct
x rem oecnoxoennocrxm, xoropte ntpasnnn Fpasnnnx, Poccnx, Hnnx, Knra
n RAP. Onn cnnmxom ceptesnt nx roro, urot nx moxno tno npocro or-
mecrn xax xanot, onpanannx nnn orronopxn crpan, ne xenammnx npnnn-
mart na cex ornercrnennocrt, nensexno nosnnxammym n cnryannxx, xora
npnxonrcx npnnnmart rxxente nnemne- nnn nnyrpnnonnrnuecxne pemennx.
Onnm ns nyre ntpaorxn raxnx xpnrepnen morno t crart nosnpame-
nne nenocpecrnenno x pexomenannxm MKBIC (Ipynnt ntcoxoro yponnx
no yrposam, ntsonam n nepemenam) n Ko]n Annana o rom, uro Coner Feso-
nacnocrn onxen o]nnnantno npnnxrt nxrt cneymmnx rmarentno c]opmy-
nnponanntx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon, xoropte neoxonmo conmart npn
ntaue canxnnn na cnnonoe nmemarentcrno
63
.
1. Cepiesuocmi pucra. Onpantnaer nn nn n macmra nanncme yrpo-
st npnmenenne cnnt, ecnn onnpartcx na nmemmnecx annte?
2. Ocuoeua e.i npeo.aeae+oeo eoeuuoeo e+euame.icmea. Hpnsnano nn
yxasannoe nmemarentcrno cepxart nnn ycrpannrt nanncmym yrposy nne sa-
nncnmocrn or roro, xaxne nropnunte nenn moryr npecneonart pasnnunte
rocyapcrna?
3. Kpau +epa. Ftnn nn n nonno mepe paccmorpent nce nenoennte
napnanrt n oocnonanno nn pemenne o rom, uro nnxaxo nno cnoco, xpome
noennoro nmemarentcrna, ne nosnonnr cepxart nnn ycrpannrt nanncmym
yrposy?
4. Copas+epuocmi. nnxmrcx nn macmra, npoonxnrentnocrt n nnren-
cnnnocrt npenaraemoro noennoro nmemarentcrna mnnnmantno neoxonmt-
mn nx npornnoecrnnx yrpose?
5. Coa.aucupoeauui y:em noc.eocmeu. Oxaxyrcx n xoneunom nrore
re, xomy yrpoxaer onacnocrt, n nyumem nonoxennn nnn n xymem, n yment-
marcx nnn ynennuarcx crpaannx, xoropte nm npnercx nepenecrn? (Kax
npannno, +ra uacrt nponepxn na nernrnmnocrt oxastnaercx camo cnoxno.)
Koneuno, raxne xpnrepnn ne cranyr rapanrne roro, uro rocyapcrna npn-
yr x xoncencycy n xaxom xonxpernom cnyuae. Onaxo, ecnn ncem nacymntm
nonpocam yer cncremarnuecxn yenxrtcx nnnmanne (uero ceuac ne nponcxo-
nr), moxno yer naexrtcx, uro ero ocrnxenne craner onee nepoxrntm.

63
Mexynaponax xomnccnx no nonpocam nmemarentcrna n rocyapcrnennoro cynepenn-
rera (cnocxa 20), c. 3237, 7475; United Nations, A More Secure World (cnocxa 23), p. 67; n
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex. Hpn ontme cnooe,
A/59/2005 (cnocxa 23), p. 43. 3rn pexomenannn nemnoro ornnuamrcx pyr or pyra ]opmy-
nnponxamn n cnocoom noaun, no nx ocnonnte nen nonnocrtm connaamr.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 38
Eme ono ocronncrno annoro noxoa cocronr n rom, uro naroapx emy c
camoro nauana craner xcno, nacxontxo noennte mept npnnyxennx ornnuamr-
cx or pyrnx mexannsmon pearnponannx, n cxontxo npenxrcrnn neoxonmo
npeoonert, urot nonyunrt canxnnm na raxne mept, n uro nx ne cronr pac-
cmarpnnart npn otuno +cxanannn cotrn: x nnm nyxno opamartcx nnmt
n camtx xpannx n ncxnmunrentntx ocroxrentcrnax. Ecnn t raxne xpnre-
pnn tnn cornaconant n npnmenxnnct c onpeenenno crporocrtm n nocneo-
narentnocrtm x nosnnxammnm nontm cnryannxm, tno t namnoro npome
nserart ynpexon n neaexnarnocrn n neecrnennocrn canxnn, xoropte cra-
nn ono ns npnunn napannua Conera Fesonacnocrn no cnpncxomy nonpocy,
xora px crpan ne noxenann axe cntmart nn o xaxnx mepax nenoennoro xa-
paxrepa npoe nenenanpannenntx canxnn nnn paccneonannx MYC, nocxont-
xy onn tnn yexent, uro ecnn menee xecrxne mept ne ayr pesyntrara,
sa nnmn nensexno nocneyer npnnyxenne noenntmn cpecrnamn.
Onaxo o nacroxmero npemenn +rn onot pacctnannct n npax no na-
rncxom cnntntx aprymenron mnornx rocyapcrn n nnn, xopomo ocneomnen-
ntx o enax n OOH (npnuem axe rex, xro pasenxer mnenne o nonesnocrn
npnnxrnx raxnx xpnrepnen), cnoxmnxcx x romy, uro nx nx npnnxrnx npn-
ercx nporn uepes nponeypnt a n ecxoneunte cnopt o manosnauamnx
npemerax, uro yer nenpoyxrnnno n nnmt ornneuer nnnmanne or peantntx
nponem. Hont nmnyntc +rnm ycnnnxm ana ntnnnyrax Fpasnnne n
2011 r. nnnnnarnna, n pamxax xoropo npenoxeno nonoe nonxrne ornercr-
nennocrn n nponecce samnrt (RWP), cnyxamee ne antrepnarnno, a onon-
nennem xonnennnn o oxsannocrn samnmart, n npnsnannoe nsmenxrtcx nme-
cre c ne
64
. B xonnenryantnom oxymenre, pacnpocrpanennom nx ocyxe-
nnx, coepxnrcx pexomenannx ntpaorart cornaconannym noopxy
cneymmnx ocnonononarammnx npnnnnnon, napamerpon n nponeyp, nxnm-
uammym, no xpane mepe, rpn ns nxrn onncanntx ntme xpnrepnx (xpanee
cpecrno, copasmepnocrt n canancnponannt yuer nocnecrnn)
65
. Ha mo-
menr nanncannx nacroxme crartn n nauane 2012 r. nmennct npnsnaxn roro,
uro pasnntcxoe npenoxenne xopomo npnnxro Poccne, Hnne, Knraem n
RAP, n n rom cnyuae, ecnn yer anee opaorano, ono c ontmo one ne-
poxrnocrn samer ono ns nenrpantntx mecr n xoe cneymmero Hnrepax-
rnnnoro nanora no +rno Ienepantno Accamnen no reme Oxsannocrt
samnmart, xoropt cocronrcx n cepenne 2012 r. n yer nocnxmen rnanntm
opasom nonpocam oecneuennx ntnonnennx rpertero xomnonenra xonnennnn
o oxsannocrn samnmart.
Ouennno, uro npenoxennax Fpasnnne xonnennnx o ornercrnennocrn
n xoe samnrt n ee nsnauantnom nne nonyunna nosnrnnnt orxnnx pyrnx
rocyapcrn rpynnt ne n nocnenmm ouepet naroapx romy, uro ona rpeyer
coornercrnnx noenntx ecrnn yxne n yxy manara, npeocrannennoro
Conerom Fesonacnocrn nnn Ienepantno Accamnee, n yrnepxaer neo-

64
3axnnenne mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Fpasnnnn Anronny e Arnxpa Harpnort (cno-
cxa 62).
65
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Ienepantnax Accamnex n Coner Fesonacnocrn. Or-
nercrnennocrt n nponecce samnrt: +nemenrt nx pasnnrnx n noompennx xonnennnn. Hpnnoxe-
nne x nnctmy nocroxnnoro npecrannrenx Fpasnnnn npn Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann
or 9 noxpx 2011 r. na nmx Ienepantnoro cexperapx, A/66/551S/2011/701, 11 noxpx 2011 r.
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 39
xonmocrt pacmnpenntx nponeyp Conera Fesonacnocrn n nenxx xonrponx
n onenxn nopxxa ronxonannx n ocymecrnnennx pesonmnn nx oecneuennx
ornercrnennocrn n nponecce samnrt
66
. 3ra nnnnnarnna, nne ncxxnx comne-
nn, n nanontme crenenn saener rpn sanante rocyapcrna, xnnxmmnxcx
nocroxnntmn unenamn Conera Fesonacnocrn. Onaxo, ecnn ona, n +ro npe-
crannxercx nnonne nosmoxntm, nocnyxnr ocrnxennm nonoro conmecrnoro
oxsarentcrna npeentno axxyparno ntnonnxrt oxsannocrt samnmart co
cropont upannnn, Bennxopnrannn n CBA, a raxxe rex, xro n nenom pase-
nxer nx nosnnnm, yer esornercrnenno ne npnnxrt ceptesnoro yuacrnx n
ntpaorxe xnsnecnocontx nponeyp noonoro poa.


Mepm, npnuenneume o noennoro nuema1entc1na c nentm npnnyaennn

pyrax onacrt, rpeymmax onee npncrantnoro nnnmannx co cropont
npexrnnntx opranon, +ro onpeenenne oema n npeenon npnnnmaemtx n
pamxax rpertero xomnonenra mep, npnsnanntx nsexart npnnyxennx noen-
ntmn cpecrnamn. Hpn +rom rocyapcrna unent Conera Fesonacnocrn
onxnt yennrt ocnonnoe nnnmanne onrnmantnomy couerannm nnnomarn-
uecxnx nnnnnarnn, nenenanpannenntx canxnn, yrpos nepeaun ena na pac-
cmorpenne MYC n pyrnx cpecrn. Honoxnrentnt npnmep roro, xax Conery
Fesonacnocrn yanoct ornocnrentno pesyntrarnnno couerart nexoropte ns
+rnx mep, cnryannx n Kor-Hnyape, xora n nauane 2011 r. cosanact cept-
esnax yrposa onepnm x OOH, nocxontxy n Poccnx, n RAP sanoxnponann
pemenne o onee xecrxnx mepax. Fnaroapx canxnnxm OOH, npnmenenne xo-
roptx, rnanntm opasom, nauan EC, yanoct cepxnnart pasnnrne xpnsnca,
noxa a]pnxancxne nnnomart ntrannct ocrnrnyrt mnpnoro cornamennx.
Kora xe +ro cenart ne yanoct, a pyrne napnanrt tnn nne ncxxnx comne-
nn ncuepnant, x xonny mapra Coner Fesonacnocrn es rpya cornaconan n
ennoymno npnnxn pesonmnnm, canxnnonnpymmym npnmenenne cnnt n
nneenne nocx upannnn n OOH
67
. Hpn +rom naxno oronopnrtcx, uro ]opmy-
nnponxy o rom, uro nce pyrne cpecrna onxnt trt ncuepnant, ne cneyer
nonnmart xax rpeonanne ]axrnuecxoro npnmenennx +rnx cpecrn n rex cn-
ryannxx, xora onn ouennno yyr aconmrno nenpoyxrnnnt: ecnn nmn
yxe rnnyr nnn yrposa nx rnenn neornparnma, neoxonmo npnnxrt oocno-
nannoe pemenne, npnuem nesamennrentno, uro nnxaxne mept, xpome noen-
noro nmemarentcrna, ne ayr pesyntrara.


onrocpounme c1pa1ernn npeynpeaennn

Bectma naxno raxxe cncremarnuecxn yenxrt nnnmanne (n rom uncne n
xnmuentm rocyapcrnam) onrocpountm crparernxmn npeynpexennx. Yxa-

66
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann (cnocxa 65), n. 11(d), (h).
67
Cm.: Gowan, R., The Security Councils credibility problem, UN Security Council in Fo-
cus, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Dec. 2011, <http://www.fes.de/gpol/inhalt/publikationen_unsc.php>,
p. 4. Cm. raxxe rn. 3, pasen III nacroxmero nsannx.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 40
sannte crparernn onxnt npeornpamart xax xon]nnxrt n nenom, rax n mac-
conte snepcrna n uacrnocrn, npnuem ne rontxo o roro, xax noonte ecr-
nnx nponsomnn, no n uro no mnornx ornomennxx namnoro onee ymecrno
nocne nx conepmennx, na +rane mnpocrponrentcrna, xora nce ycnnnx na-
npannent na neonymenne nonropennx cnyunnmerocx. Xorx nncrpymenrapn
coornercrnymmnx crpyxrypntx mep no ncemy cnexrpy nonnrnuecxnx, nnno-
marnuecxnx, +xonomnuecxnx, connantntx, xoncrnrynnonntx n npanontx
crparern, a raxxe crparern n onacrn esonacnocrn xopomo nsnecren n n
Conere Fesonacnocrn perynxpno npnsnaercx neoxonmocrt +rnx mep, n rom
uncne n pamxax remarnuecxnx npenn no npeornpamennm xon]nnxron,
npaxrnuecxne ocrnxennx n +ro onacrn ouent cxpomnt
68
. B sameuannxx
crpan Rra, a raxxe ncxox ns ypoxon A]ranncrana n Hpaxa, uacro nouepxn-
naercx, uro cyexrt, ocymecrnnxmmne nnemnee nmemarentcrno n oxast-
nammne nomomt, onxnt nnnmarentnee yunrtnart nsmenennx n xonxperno
connantno cnryannn, xyntrypnte peannn n nocnpnxrne nx cocrnenntx
rpeonann mecrntm nacenennem na ncex yponnxx
69
. uem ycrounnee yer
mnenne, uro crpant, n uacrnocrn crpant Cenepa, ceptesno n ornercrnenno
ornocxrcx x cnonm oxsannocrxm no oxasannm nomomn n pamxax nroporo
xomnonenra xonnennnn o oxsannocrn samnmart, rem nnxe yer nepoxr-
nocrt nx nnx noneprnyrtcx nnocnecrnnn xpnrnxe sa nenpocrnrentnym
cxnonnocrt x xaparentntm mepam.


Pasnn1ne coo1ne1c1nymmero nnc1n1ynnonantnoro
no1ennnana pearnponannn

Horpeyercx tcrpoe pasnnrne n coornercrnymmero nncrnrynnonantno-
ro norennnana pearnponannx, npnsnannoro ne rontxo aexnarno orneuart na
xpnsncnte cnryannn, no n npeornpamart nx, npnuem xax rpaxancxnmn, rax
n noenntmn cpecrnamn. Hoont norennnan onncan n pasene II. B +ro
cnxsn ocnonnym rpynocrt yyr npecrannxrt cosanne no mnornx cncremax
rocyapcrnenntx opranon n mexynapontx oprannsannxx xonraxrntx
nynxron no nonpocam pannero npeynpexennx n pearnponannx, a raxxe
oprannsannx, ]nnancnponanne n xomnnexronanne npnronoro x ncnontsona-
nnm (npn neoxonmocrn) rpaxancxoro norennnana nnnomarnuecxnx no-
cpennxon, rpaxancxnx nonnnecxnx n pyrnx cnennanncron, ntnonnxm-
mnx pasnnuntx amnnncrparnnnte ]ynxnnn n crpanax, re nosnnxna yrposa
conepmennx nnn nonropennx maccontx snepcrn. Homnmo +roro, neoxonmo
ntpaorart xyntrypy +]]exrnnno noepxxn MYC n pasnnnammecx cnc-
remt mexynaponoro yrononnoro npanocynx, npnnnnnnantno naxnym na
nannonantnom yponne n orcyrcrnne mexynapono cnyxt cyentx npn-

68
O crpyxrypntx mepax cm., nanpnmep: Evans (cnocxa 16), rn. 4. O npennxx n Conere Feso-
nacnocrn cm.: Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. Crenoruer o 6621-m
saceannn, oxymenr S/PV.6621, 22 cenrxpx 2011 r.
69
Cm., nanpnmep: Mani, R. and Weiss, T. G. (eds), Responsibility to Protect: Cultural Per-
spectives in the Global South (Routledge: London, 2011); n Stewart, R. and Knaus, G., Can Inter-
vention Work? (Norton: New York, 2011).
HOBAB IEOHOHHTHKA BMELATEHBCTBA 41
cranon; raxxe rpeyercx c]opmnponart onxntm opasom nororonnennt n
oecnocont nonncxn xonrnnrenr, xoropt moxno yer xax pasneprtnart
n noxapnom nopxxe n cnryannxx, noontx pyanncxo, rax n saecr-
nonart n npoonxnrentntx onepannxx no crannnsannn, raxnx xax n PK n
Cyane, npnuem ne rontxo n rex cnyuaxx, xora npnnnmammee rocyapcrno ne
aer cornacnx na onepannm, no n xora yxsnnmoe npannrentcrno opamaercx
c npocto o raxo nomomn. H n +ro onacrn cymecrnennax sannrepeconan-
nocrt crpan Cenepa n cosannn raxoro norennnana yer naxna ne crontxo
cama no cee, cxontxo xax cnoco ymentmnrt cxenrnnnsm ornocnrentno nx
optx namepenn n cnyuaxx, xora npnxonrcx paccmarpnnart onee uyn-
crnnrentnte pemennx.
3ect, xax n n nmom pyrom nonpoce, xacammemcx rnoantno eso-
nacnocrn, cneyer oxnart, uro xax nnxora naxnym pont yyr nrpart pe-
rnonantnte oprannsannn, ntnonnxx nonnt cnexrp oxsannocre, nosno-
xenntx na nnx n coornercrnnn c rn. VIII Ycrana OOH. o nacroxmero npeme-
nn, xorx n A]pnxancxn coms, n EC nepnonuecxn ntpaxann roronnocrt
paorart cooma, a Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn npoemoncrpnponana n 2011 r.
ocene nennannym cnoconocrt x cornaconanntm nonnrnuecxnm ecrnnxm
n xonrexcre cotrn n Hnnnn n Cnpnn, nnmt 3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno
sananoa]pnxancxnx rocyapcrn (3KOBAC) nocneonarentno npoxnnxno ro-
ronnocrt pearnponart c ncnontsonannem nonnoro cnexrpa nnnomarnuecxnx,
nonnrnuecxnx, +xonomnuecxnx n, n xpanem cnyuae, noenntx mep na xpnsnc-
nte cnryannn, rpeymmne samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn. Pernonantnte n cype-
rnonantnte oprannsannn n pyrnx uacrxx A]pnxn, a raxxe n Asnn n Harnn-
cxo Amepnxe, yyr no-npexnemy ntnyxent (n onxnt) nepntmn pearn-
ponart na noonte cnryannn. Bosmoxno, yrnepxenne o yuacrnn
pernonantntx oprannsann n nnxamne necxontxo ner xax ecnn ne neoxo-
nmom, ro ocrarounom ycnonnn nmoro noennoro nmemarentcrna n cnyuae
maccontx snepcrn cnnmxom cmeno (net xaxax orentnax cnryannx pasnnna-
ercx no cnoe cxeme), onaxo nx pont yer ecnpeneenrno naxno.


Hepeocumcnenne nonn1nn nannonantnme nn1epecm

Taxxe cneyer nomnnrt, uro px rocyapcrn onesnenno nocnpnnnmamr
nosmoxnoe neonontcrno cocrnenntx rpaxan mopantno onpananntm yua-
crnem n noenntx onepannxx sa pyexom (nnn, nosmoxno, ornocxmnxcx x ra-
xomy neonontcrny c upesmepntm nnnmannem, net nn nx xoro ne cexper, uro
nmo napo nacrpoen onee nennxoymno n nnrepnannonantno, uem ero
cocrnennoe npannrentcrno). Moxno npnnecrn nemano onoon n nontsy ne-
peocmtcnennx nonxrnx nannonantnte nnrepect n nxnmuennx n nero ne
rontxo nyx rpannnonntx nsmepenn: +xonomnuecxnx nnrepecon n nnrepe-
con n onacrn esonacnocrn, no n rpertero nnrepeca nmoro rocyapcrna
trt n cunrartcx xopomnm unenom mexynaponoro coomecrna. B nontsy
+roro ronopnr n ro, uro axe n cnyuaxx, xora npxmax +xonomnuecxax nnn
crparernuecxax ntroa orcyrcrnyer, axrnnnax nomomt n ycrpanennn ntsonon,
cranxmnx no yrposy rnoantnte omecrnennte nara, raxnx, xax nsmenenne
xnnmara, nesaxonnt oopor napxornxon, rpancrpannunte noroxn nacenennx,
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 42
opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx n macconte snepcrna, +ro ne npocro nnem-
nenonnrnuecxne opte ena. Camoornepxennoe corpynnuecrno n pemennn
+rnx nponem na ene oopaunnaercx na naro crpant, nocxontxy naroapx
emy yxpennxercx penyrannx crpant n nanaxnnaercx mexannsm nsanmonomo-
mn: ceronx mt nomoraem nam pemnrt namy nponemy nesaxonnoro oopora
napxornxon, a sanrpa nt c ontme one nepoxrnocrn noepxnre nac n pe-
mennn name nponemt nperenenron na nonnrnuecxoe yexnme. Taxne
peanncrnunte ]opmynnponxn yyr onee nonxrnt pasnnuntm rpynnam na-
cenennx, uem ntcoxonapnte pasronopt o uncrom antrpynsme.
Hnxro ne ronopnr o rom, uro reononnrnxa oecneuennx +]]exrnnno
samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn nerxax saaua, ocoenno n rex cnyuaxx, xora me-
pt npeynpexennx na pannnx +ranax, ecnn raxonte npnnnmannct, ne npn-
necnn nnxaxoro pesyntrara. Heoxonmo npnnxrt n nocnpnnxrt xax ntson, a
ne nono nx oruaxnnx, ror ]axr, uro ecrnnrentno rxxente cnyuan, xora
nponcxoxmne napymennx nacrontxo ceptesnt, uro nosnnxaer nonpoc o no-
enntx mepax npnnyxennx xax napnanre, xoropt, no xpane mepe, cyx no
nmemmnmcx anntm, moxer ecrnnrentno oxasartcx enncrnenntm cnoco-
om ocranonnrt nnn ornparnrt npnunnxemt nnn oxnaemt npe, ncera
yyr ntstnart oxecrouennte cnopt. uem ntme cranxn, rem cnntnee naxan
crpacre n n ontme crenenn n eno ncrynaer nonnrnuecxn nparmarnsm.
Kora eno oxonr o neoxonmocrn onrtcx xoncencyca ornocn-
rentno noenntx ecrnn, ncera yyr onee nerxne nnn onee cnoxnte cn-
ryannn. Hanpnmep, cnyuan, xora peut ner o mantx rocyapcrnax, ne nmem-
mnx nn mnorouncnenntx comsnnxon, nn momntx noopyxenntx cnn, noennoe
nmemarentcrno npx nn npnneer x mnpoxnm pernonantntm nocnecrnnxm,
no cpannennm c cnryannxmn, n xoroptx +ro nourn nanepnxxa cnyunrcx n pe-
syntrare noepxxn +rnnuecxnx nnn pennrnosntx rpynn c nepecexammnmncx
nnrepecamn. Onaxo camoe naxnoe sect ne art yxopennrtcx nee, uro pas
noennoe nmemarentcrno no xaxo-nno ns xomnnexca npnunn (xopome, nno-
xo nnn n ro, n pyro) nenosmoxno no ncex cnyuaxx, xora ono moxer trt
onpanano npeornpamennem maccontx snepcrn, ono ne onxno ocymecrn-
nxrtcx nnre. Inannoe, uro xorx n cnxsn c oxsannocrtm samnmart n samnro
rpaxancxnx nnn nocne cnryannn n Hnnnn nosnnx px peantntx rpynocre,
onn nce xe npeoonnmt. Hpnnnnn oxsannocrn samnmart npouno n mnpoxo
yxopennncx n, xax noxasana xnsnt, nosnonnn onrtcx nectma ceptesntx
npaxrnuecxnx pesyntraron, onaxo nx roro urot oecneunrt ero aconmrno
+]]exrnnnoe npnmenenne, norpeyercx eme nemano npemenn.









HACTL I. BE3ORACHOCTL H KOHORHKTL,
2011

Inana 2. Boopyxennt xon]nnxr
Inana 3. Mnpornopuecxne onepannn n yperynnponanne xon]nnxron
2. BOOPYEHHBH KOHmAHKT


KPATKHH OF3OP

Heo+uoauuie u +ouuie uapoouie eicmyn.euu, oxeamueuue cmpaui
B.u+ueeo Bocmora u Ceeepuo Aqpuru e 2011 e. u e coeorynuocmu no.y:ueuue
uaseauue Apaocra eecua, npeocmae.mm cooo pas.u:uie +ooe.u rouq.urmoe.
eu+euue +accoeo onnosuuu, npomueocmoue npaeuu+ pe+u+a+ peeuoua,
ei.u.oci e ouua+u:uie u c.o+uie qop+i uacu.u om y.u:uix npomecmoe,
romopie npuee.u r useuauum npesuoeuma Tyuuca, oo rpynuix eoopy+euuix
cmo.ruoeeuu e Hueuu u Cupuu (c+. pasoe. I oauuo e.aei).
Oouaro, c mo:ru speuu coepe+euuix meuoeuu paseumu rouq.urma, co-
oimu Apaocro eecui e 2011 e. ue oi.u yuura.iui. Cropee, ouu noo:epruy.u
ueromopie us oo.eocpo:uix us+eueuu, npousoueouux e eoopy+euuix rou-
q.urmax sa noc.eouue oecmu.emu. K uu+ omuocmc us+eueuu e +acumaoax,
uumeucueuocmu u npooo.+ume.iuocmu eoopy+euuix rouq.urmoe rar no ece+y
+upy, mar u cpeou ocuoeuix cyoermoe, y:acmeymuux e uacu.uu. B+ecme omu
us+eueuu yrasieamm ua qop+upoeauue rouq.urmuo cpeoi, sa+emuo om.u-
:amuec om mo, :mo npeoo.aoa.a ua npom+euuu oo.iue :acmu XX e.
C 1988 e. E+eeoouur CHHPH e compyouu:ecmee c Vnnca.icro npoepa+-
+o no oauui+ o rouq.urmax nyo.uryem ceeoeuu no eoopy+euui+ rouq.ur-
ma+, romopie ompa+amm opueumaum ua rpynui eoopy+euui rouq.urm
rar npeoo.aoamuu mun rouq.urmoe no ece+y +upy. Jma qop+a rouq.urma,
noooouo ece+ muna+ +e+eocyoapcmeeuuix rouq.urmoe, e oo.eocpo:uo nep-
cnermuee mepem ceoe sua:euue, npu omo+ opyeue qop+i cu.oeoeo rouq.urma
npeepamu.uci e r.m:eeo acnerm qop+upoeauu +e+oyuapoouo oesonacuocmu.
auuie ceuoeme.icmeymm o ueooxoou+ocmu eipaoomru uoeix nooxoooe o. mo-
eo, :mooi o+nupu:ecru saqurcupoeami u ooermueuo ompasumi xaparmep co-
epe+euuix rouq.urmoe, romopie ece :aue eixoom sa pa+ru npuumix onpeoe-
.euu.
. moeo :mooi no.y:umi oo.ee no.uoe npeocmae.euue o xaparmepe co-
epe+euuix rouq.urmoe, e 2012 e. E+eeoouur enepeie nyo.uryem oauuie no
mpe+ ocuoeui+ muna+ opeauusoeauuoeo uacu.u: eoopy+euuie rouq.urmi (c
y:acmue+ oouoeo u.u uecro.irux eocyoapcme), ueeocyoapcmeeuuie rouq.urmi u
oouocmopouuee uacu.ue (e omuoueuuu epa+oaucrux .u). B pesy.imame +o+uo
uao.moami, :mo +acumaoi ecex mpex munoe uacu.u sa oecmu.emue (c 2001
no 2010 e.) cuusu.uci, uo ca+oe sa+emuoe naoeuue rocuy.oci uauoo.ee uumeu-
cueuix eoopy+euuix rouq.urmoe mex, e xooe romopix sa eoo saqurcupoeauo
no +euiue +epe 1000 noeuouux ua no.e oo (c+. pasoe. III).
Coeue e cmopouy ueeocyoapcmeeuuix rouq.urmoe u corpaueuu +acuma-
ooe rouq.urmoe conpoeo+oaemc cyuecmeeuui+ cuu+euue+ e oo.eocpo:uo
nepcnermuee +ecmorocmu eou: e cpeoue+ :uc.o noeuouux ua no.e oo e xooe
rouq.urma npooo.+aem y+euiuamic. B mo +e epe+ uao.moaemc corpaue-
uue ro.u:ecmea ycneuuo saeepueuuix rouq.urmoe, :mo npoe.emc e pocme
:uc.a noemopmuuxc u.u sam+uix rouq.urmoe. Tarue cumyauu npo+e-
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 46
+ymo:uoeo +upa xaparmepusymmc uusru+ ypoeue+ nparmu:ecru uenpepieuo-
eo u.u noemopmueeoc uacu.u.
uua+u:ecru, +uoeon.auoei u ueycmo:uei xaparmep coepe+euuoeo
uacu.u ocooeuuo npoeu.c e 2011 e. e xooe armueuix rouq.urmoe e Aqeauu-
cmaue, Kom-oHeyape, Typuu u ua Ceeepuo+ Kaerase. B Aqeauucmaue rouqpou-
mau +e+oy eoopy+euui+u cu.a+u CLA u ux comsuura+u, aqeaucru+ npa-
eume.icmeo+ u eouucmeymuu+u ueeocyoapcmeeuui+u cyoerma+u, e :acmuocmu
Ta.uoauo+ u Cemim Xarrauu, npu noooep+re coceouux c Aqeauucmauo+
cmpau, e.aeui+ oopaso+ Harucmaua, npooo.+aemc y+e oecmi eoo.
B Kom-oHeyape eoopy+euuoe npomueocmouue +e+oy cu.a+u, .o.iui+u
npesuoeumy Hopauy Ioaeoo, u cmopouuura+u no.y:ueueeo +e+oyuapoouym
noooep+ry usopauuoeo npesuoeuma A.accaua Vammapa ua:a.oci e +apme
2011 e. Hoc.e +ecee ueyoa:uix nepeeoeopoe u cnopaou:ecrux ecniuer uacu.u
OOH u qpauyscrue eocra e+eua.uci e rouq.urm, e pesy.imame :eeo noc.eoo-
ea. apecm Ioaeoo u eeo noc.eoymua orcmpaouu e Iaaey, eoe ou npeocma. ne-
peo Me+oyuapooui+ yeo.oeui+ cyoo+.
Ha Ceeepuo+ Kaerase npooo.+ammc uuporo+acumaouie noecmau:ecrue
oecmeu, uec+omp ua oquua.iuoe orou:auue e 2009 e. o.ueuec oecmu.e-
mue roumpmeppopucmu:ecro onepauu e He:ue. Xom uacu.ue e ocuoeuo+ oe-
pauu:euo meppumopu+u pecnyo.ur He:u, aeecmau, Hueyuemu u Kaoapouuo-
Ba.rapu, poccucrue e.acmu ue c+oe.u oooumic cyuecmeeuuoeo npoepecca e
oe.e nperpaueuu +uo+ecmea rouq.urmoe, noonumieamuux noecmau:ecroe
oeu+euue.
B m+uix paouax Tau.auoa npomueocmouue noecmauee u npaeume.icm-
ea, npooo.+amueec y+e oo.ee ce+u .em, npuee.o r euoe.u ceiue 5000 :e.oeer.
3amuyeuuc rouq.urm +e+oy Typue u pas.u:ui+u rypocru+u noe-
cmau:ecru+u epynnupoera+u eosoouoeu.c e 2011 e. noc.e :acmu:uoeo nperpa-
ueuu oeu .emo+ 2010 e. Po cmo.ruoeeuu u +accoeie aruu npomecma npo-
u.u no ece cmpaue. B ormope 26 myperux co.oam oi.u youmi e oox c eoo-
py+euui+u noecmaua+u Partiya Karkern Kurdistan (Paoo:e napmuu
Kypoucmaua, PHK).
Haroue, +uoeue npooo.+amuuec u sam+uie rouq.urmi ua meppumo-
puu Aqpuraucroeo Poea xaparmepusymmc esau+ooecmeue+ pas.u:uix qop+
uacu.u, eocyoapcmeeuuix u ueeocyoapcmeeuuix cyoermoe, a mar+e peeuoua.i-
uix qarmopoe e qop+upoeauuu muna rouq.urma e omo+ peeuoue (c+. pasoe. II).
Hoe.euue uoeix +ooe.e u oo+uuupymuux qop+ eoopy+euuoeo uacu.u,
rar norasieamm rouq.urmi 2011 e., npeocmae.em cooo cepiesuym npoo.e+y
o. +e+oyuapoouoeo cooouecmea. Jqqermueua no.umura peaeupoeauu mpe-
oyem :emroeo nouu+auu rar xaparmepa, mar u meuoeuu coepe+euuoeo opea-
uusoeauuoeo uacu.u. Heyr.ouuoe cuu+euue :uc.a +e+eocyoapcmeeuuix rou-
q.urmoe, oa+e ec.u maro rouq.urm u+eem npooo.+euue e opyeux qop+ax,
omrpi.o no.e o. oucryccuu o +acumaoax u sua:euuu eoopy+euuoeo uacu.u e
oouecmee. Ipauui +e+oy no.umu:ecru+, rpu+uua.iui+ u eeuoepui+ uacu.u-
e+ pas+ieammc, paeuo rar u pas.u:u +e+oy eouo u +upo+, e cumyauu,
roeoa +acumaouoe uacu.ue npoucxooum e yc.oeux, romopie npuumo onpeoe-
.mi rar +up u.u, no rpaue +epe, omcymcmeue eou.

Hnn MEHBHH
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 47
I. HEPBIH IO APAFCKOH BECHI


Mapn AHHAHCCOH, Honac FAYMAHH, C+mm+n TAYF,
Horra TEMHEP n Herep BAHHEHCTHH
Ynncantcxax nporpamma no anntm o xon]nnxrax

Boccrannx 2011 r. n apacxom mnpe crann neoxnannocrtm nx ont-
mnncrna nanmarene. oxnat o pasnnrnn uenoneuecxoro norennnana n
apacxnx crpanax, esycnonno, onpeennnn px sarxxntx, nnnxmmnx na
apacxne pexnmt nponem, cpen xoroptx connantnoe nepanencrno, neoc-
rarounocrt +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx, nnsxn yponent nonnrnuecxoro yua-
crnx n maprnnannsannx xenmnn. Onaxo nemnorne +xcneprt oxnann macco-
ntx nonnenn, ocymecrnnxnmnxcx c raxo nacrounnocrtm n nmenmnx cront
rnoantnoe nosecrnne, a raxxe nce onee uacroe ncnontsonanne nacnntcr-
nenntx mep nx nx noannennx
1
.
3rn noccrannx, tcrpo nonyunnmne nsnecrnocrt xax Apacxax necna,
monnnenocno pacnpocrpanxnnct or crpant x crpane n ncxope oxnarnnn sna-
unrentnym uacrt Cenepno A]pnxn n Fnnxnero Bocroxa (cm. ran. 2.1).
Hmex nent px omnx xapaxrepncrnx, nxnmuax macmrante emoncrpannn,
nenacnntcrnennte ecrnnx, orcyrcrnne ennoro pyxonocrna n ncnontsona-
nne nenrpantntx nnomae xpynntx ropoon, onn n onpeenennom ornome-
nnn ornnuannct pyr or pyra. Coepxanne rpeonann, npexnnxemtx
nporecrymmnmn, naptnponanoct or ynyumennx +xonomnuecxo cnryannn o
cment pexnma, panno xax naptnponancx n yponent npnmenxemoro nacnnnx.
Hpnrom uro n Anxnpe n Mapoxxo tno ornocnrentno nemnoro uenoneuecxnx
xeprn, pyrne crpant (n rom uncne Faxpen, Ernner, Tynnc n Hemen) nonec-
nn ropaso onee omyrnmte norepn. Camt ntcoxn yponent nacnnnx tn
ormeuen n Hnnnn n Cnpnn.
3ror pasen n nepnym ouepet n omnx ueprax onnctnaer nnyrpnnonn-
rnuecxne cotrnx n mecrn crpanax Faxpene, Ernnre, Hemene, Hnnnn, Cn-
pnn n Tynnce, n xoroptx n 2011 r. sa]nxcnponano no mentme mepe 25 nnnn-
enron c nerantntm ncxoom, cnxsanntx c Apacxo necno
2
. 3arem n
pasene paccmarpnnamrcx pasnnunte npnmept yuacrnx nnocrpanntx
rocyapcrn, nxnmuax nnemnmm noepxxy, oxastnaemym ono ns cropon, a
raxxe nonneuenne rpertnx cropon n cnyuan nerpantnoro nmemarentcrna,
ocymecrnnxemoro n nenxx paspemennx xpnsnca. B saxnmuenne npenaramrcx
nexoropte omne coopaxennx no nonoy nepnoro roa Apacxo necnt.

1
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Regional Bureau for Arab States, Arab
Human Development Report, 20022005, 2009 (UNDP: New York, 20022005, 2009).
2
Ononpemenno n nexoroptx crpanax Cenepno A]pnxn n Fnnxnero Bocroxa nponcxo-
nnn pyrne xon]nnxrt, n uacrnocrn, nncnnpnponannte Ant-Kano. 3rn xon]nnxrt
nmenn pyrym nnamnxy n sect ne paccmarpnnamrcx.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 48
Bny1pnrocyapc1nennme com1nn

Baxpeu

B 2011 r. nporecram n cronnne Faxpena Maname n necxontxnx nnsne-
xamnx ropoax n epennxx npemecrnonann mecxnt nonnrnuecxnx penpec-
cn n rot nentnonnenntx oemann o nponeennn emoxparnuecxnx pe-
]opm. B cepenne ]enpanx rtcxun nporecrymmnx copannct na emuyxno
nnoman n Maname. Honauany nx rpeonannx tnn cocpeorouent na nonn-
rnuecxnx pe]opmax, no no mepe yxecrouennx ecrnn cnn esonacnocrn
onn nce uame crann npnstnart x nonno cmene pexnma. Tem ne menee n ocno-
ne rpeonann Ant-Bn]ax, xpynneme onnosnnnonno naprnn crpant,
ocranannct nonnrnuecxne pe]opmt
3
.
Hecmorpx na ro uro upesntuanoe nonoxenne, nneennoe n cepenne
mapra, tno cnxro 1 nmnx, nporecrymmne, panno xax n mennnncxne paor-
nnxn, xoropte nomorann panentm, npoonxann noneprartcx nanaennxm.
Ttcxun nme tnn saepxant n nonann no cy noenntx rpnynanon
4
.


Eeunem

K momenry nauana nporecron n Ernnre n xnnape 2011 r. Hannonantno-
emoxparnuecxax naprnx (HH) nosrnannxna ]axrnuecxn ononaprnnoe ro-
cyapcrno n reuenne 33 ner. Xocnn Myapax naxonncx na nocry npesnenra c
1982 r. B ononnenne x ]antcn]nxannn ntopon, xoppynnnn n ecxosxcr-
nennocrn, napnnmnm n crpane, ornocnrentno oprannsonannym ernnercxym
onnosnnnm noyxann x ecrnnxm ycnexn onnosnnnonntx cnn n Tynnce
5
.
emoncrpannn npornn pexnma Myapaxa cnyuannct n pantme. Onaxo
npnstn, cenannt uepes Twitter n Facebook, npnnxrt yuacrne n axnnn npo-
recra 25 xnnapx ntnen na ynnnt ecxrxn rtcxu uenonex. 3ra axnnx nonyunna
nasnanne ent rnena6. Honnnnx xecrxo noannna emoncrpannn, no npo-
recrymmne ocrannct na nnoman Taxpnp n nenrpe Kanpa, a raxxe n pyrnx
ropoax. Cnryannx naxanxnact no mepe roro, xax emoncrpanrt ncrynann n
cronxnonennx c nonnnecxnmn nopasenennxmn no opte c ynnuntmn ec-
nopxxamn7. urot ycnoxonrt cnryannm, Myapax nomen na nexoropte yc-
rynxn, no onn tnn nocnpnnxrt xax cnnmxom sanosante n neocrarounte.
Henpexpamammnecx rpeonannx cment pexnma n xoneunom nrore tnn
yonnernopent, n 11 ]enpanx Myapax noan n orcranxy
8
.

3
Katzman, K., Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U. S. Policy, Congressional Research Service
(CRS) Report for Congress 951013 (US Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 21 Feb. 2012), p. 8;
Mass march in Bahrain as Mullen wraps up visit, Agence France-Presse, 25 Feb. 2011.
4
Human Rights Watch (HRW), Targets of Retribution: Attacks against Medics, Injured Pro-
testers, and Health Facilities (HRW: New York, 2011), pp. 1012.
5
The view from Liberation Square, New York Times, 28 Jan. 2011.
6
Egypts day of rage goes on: is the world watching?, The Guardian, 27 Jan. 2011.
7
Two die in Egypt protests as US urges concessions, Agence France-Presse, 26 Jan. 2011.
8
Mubarak concessions insufficient, Al Jazeera, 2 Feb. 2011.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 49
Tannna 2.1. Apacxan necna, 2011 r.
Bce crpant xnnxmrcx unenamn Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn
C1pana
Yponent
nacnnnn
a

Hepnme
aep1nm
b

Tnn npannm-
ero peanua
c

Bnemnnn
noepaxa
d

Yuac1ne 1pe-
1tnx c1opon
e

Tpeonannn
f

Anxnp Hnsxn 6 xnn. Anroxparnx Her Her 3xonomnuec-
xne pe]opmt
Faxpen Cpenn 14 ]en. Monapxnx a Her Cmena pexnma
Komopcxne Hpouee
Ocrpona
xnyrn Hnsxn 18 ]en. Anroxparnx Her Her Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Ernner Cpenn 25 xnn. Anroxparnx Her Her Cmena pexnma
Hpax Hnsxn 16 ]en. Hpouee Her Her 3xonomnuec-
xne pe]opmt
Hopannx Hnsxn 25 map. Monapxnx Her Her Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Kyner Her Monapxnx Her Her Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Hnnan Her Hpouee Her Her Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Hnnnx Btcoxn 16 ]en. Anroxparnx a a Cmena pexnma
Manpnrannx Her Anroxparnx Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Mapoxxo Hnsxn 20 ]en. Monapxnx Her Her Honnrnuecxne
pe]opmt
Oman Hnsxn 27 ]en. Monapxnx Her Her 3xonomnuec-
xne pe]opmt
Hanecrnncxax Her Hpouee Honnrnuecxne
anronomnx pe]opmt
Karap Monapxnx
Cayoncxax Hnsxn 21 nox. Monapxnx Her Her Honnrnuecxne
Apannx pe]opmt
Comann Hpouee
Cyan Hnsxn 30 xnn. Anroxparnx Her Her Cmena pexnma
Cnpnx Btcoxn 18 map. Anroxparnx a a Cmena pexnma
Tynnc Cpenn 8 xnn. Anroxparnx Her Her Cmena pexnma
OA3 Monapxnx
Hemen Cpenn 16 ]en. Anroxparnx Her a Cmena pexnma

a
Yponent nacnnnx ornocnrcx x uncny nme, nornmnx n pesyntrare nacnnnx n xoe
Apacxo necnt. Hnsxn yponent osnauaer or 1 o 24 nornmnx, cpenn or 25 o
999 nornmnx, ntcoxn yponent onee 1000 nornmnx. Her osnauaer, uro nporecrt
npoxonnn es xeprn, osnauaer, uro n annom rocyapcrne ne ormeueno nporecron, cnx-
sanntx c Apacxo necno. Fontmnncrno cnyuaen nacnnnx n pamxax Apacxo necnt
rpyno ornecrn x ono ns rpex xareropn oprannsonannoro nacnnnx, ntenxemtx YHK
(noopyxennte xon]nnxrt, nerocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt n onocroponnee nacnnne cm.
pasen III). Taxnm opasom, n nroronte annte nxnmuent npoune xeprnt, nornmne, nanpn-
mep, or pomenntx nporecrymmnmn xamne n yrtnox c saxnrarentno cmectm nnn n xoe
nanaennx na rocyapcrnennte yupexennx (nanpnmep, mnnncrepcrno nnyrpennnx en, no-
nnnnm nnn apmecxne xasapmt).
b
Hoxasarent nepnte xeprnt osnauaer ent, xora tna sa]nxcnponana nepnax cmeprt
n pesyntrare cotrn Apacxo necnt. Bce art 2011 r.

BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 50
Hpoonaenne cnocox x 1an. 2.1
c
Tnn pexnma an no cocroxnnm na 1 xnnapx 2011 r. Monapxnx osnauaer xax aconmr-
nym, rax n xoncrnrynnonnym monapxnm. Anroxparnx repmnn, ncnontsyemt nx onnca-
nnx rocyapcrna, re y nnacrn naxonrcx ona naprnx nnn ona cemtx. Cma ornocxrcx xax
ntopnte, rax n ecnornuecxne pexnmt, re nnacrt npnnanexnr nnnnny.
d
Bnemnxx noepxxa moxer naptnponartcx or npeocrannennx yexnma nnn ]nnan-
cono nomomn, noepxxn ono ns cropon uepes nocranxn noopyxenn, norncrnuecxym n
noennym nomomt o ornpanxn oentx uacre.
e
Yuacrne rpertnx cropon nmemarentcrno, nanenennoe na yperynnponanne nnn pas-
pemenne xon]nnxra nnn xpnsnca nnnomarnuecxnmn cpecrnamn. Otunte ecrnnx rpertnx
cropon nxnmuamr nocpennuecrno mexy croponamn xon]nnxra, oprannsannm neperonopon
nnn yuacrne n mnpno xon]epennnn, xonrpont sa conmennem oronopennocrn o npexpame-
nnn ornx nnn mnpnoro cornamennx.
f
Tpeonannx ocnontnamrcx na cneymme nepapxnn: +xonomnuecxne pe]opmt xax
nanmenee yrpoxammee pexnmy rpeonanne, ncne sa nnm nyr nonnrnuecxne pe]opmt n,
naxonen, npnstn x nonno cmene pexnma. Tpeonannx, yxasannte n rannne, npecrannxmr
coo rpeonannx ntcmero nopxxa, osnyuennte n 2011 r. nporecrymmnmn nnn onnosnnne
n ornomennn nnyrpenne nonnrnxn rocyapcrna.


Btcmn coner noopyxenntx cnn Ernnra (BCBC) no nauanom ]ent-
mapmana Moxamea Xyccena Tanrann nmemancx n cotrnx, urot sanon-
nnrt nonnrnuecxn naxyym
9
. Hecmorpx na ro uro ecrnnx BCBC nonauany
tnn nocnpnnxrt nonoxnrentno, nonnrnuecxn pexnm, xax ncxope ntxcnn-
noct, ne cran onee emoxparnuntm
10
. Btopt n nnxnmm nanary napnamenra
npomnn n nepno c noxpx 2011 no xnnapt 2012 r. Ononpemenno c nepntm
rypom ntopon ernnrxne eme pas ntmnn na ynnnt, na +ror pas urot npoe-
moncrpnponart cnoe neonontcrno BCBC n neocrarounocrtm ocrnrnyroro
c ]enpanx nporpecca
11
. 3ro ntpasnnoct n emoncrpannxx, xoropte tnn no-
annent c npnmenennem cnnt, uro n pesyntrare ano nono x antneme
xpnrnxe xax nnyrpn crpant, rax n sa ee npeenamn.


Hueu
12


emoncrpannn n Hnnnn n ]enpane 2011 r. tnn cnpononnponant xecr-
xnm npannennem pexnma Myamapa Kaa]n
13
. Kponanax pacnpana n nmne
1996 r. na onee uem rtcxutm saxnmuenntx rmptmt Ay Cannm, mnorne ns

9
Tanrann tn mnnncrpom oopont c 1991 r. n paccmarpnnancx mnornmn xax npanax pyxa
Myapaxa. Knell, Y., Egypt after Mubarak: Mohamad Hussain Tantawi profile, BBC News, 22
Nov. 2011, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12441512>.
10
Amnesty International (AI), Year of Rebellion: The State of Human Rights in the Middle
East and North Africa, Index no. MDE 01/001/2012 (AI: London, 9 Jan. 2012), p. 12.
11
Amnesty International, Egypt: military rulers have crushed hopes of 25 January protest-
ers, 22 Nov. 2011, <http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/egypt-military-rulers-have-crushed-hopes-
25-january-protesters-2011-11-22>.
12
O cotrnxx n Hnnnn n 2011 r. cm. raxxe rnant 1 n 3, pasen II nacroxmero nsannx.
13
Amnesty International, The battle for Libya: killings, disappearances and torture,
Sep. 2011, <http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE19/025/2011/en>, p. 7.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 51
xoroptx xnnxnnct nonnrsaxnmuenntmn, nosynna omecrnennoe neroona-
nne
14
. B ]enpane 2006 r. cnnt esonacnocrn ynnn 12 uenonex, yuacrnonan-
mnx n nenacnntcrnenno emoncrpannn n Fenrasn, a n nauane 2011 r. apecro-
nann uarxn Tepnnx, anoxara no npanam uenonexa, npecrannxnmero cemtn
xeprn pesnn 1996 r., uro npnneno x nontm nporecram
15
. Bcxope nonnennx
ycnnnnnct, n uem ontme nme ntxonnn na ynnnt, rem onee yxecroua-
nnct penpeccnn. Onnosnnnx tna ocoenno axrnnno na nocroxe crpant, n
Fenrasn ncxope cran ee nenrpom. Kaa]n npnxasan noenntm npnmennrt xe-
crxne mept nx noannennx emoncrpann, uro npnneno x ocyxennm co
cropont mexynaponoro coomecrna
16
.
Ha ]one npoonxanmnxcx penpeccn oprannsannx noncrannen, ecr-
nymmax ns Fenrasn, crana nastnart cex Hannonantntm nepexontm cone-
rom (HHC), oxnnn cnoe nentm orcrpanenne Kaa]n or nnacrn
17
.
Hoxa pexnm Kaa]n nen nacrynnenne na mxrexnte ropoa, mexyna-
ponoe coomecrno ocyxano pasnnunte nanpannennx ecrnn nx npe-
ornpamennx xeprn cpen mnpnoro nacenennx. 3ro npnneno x npnnxrnm Pe-
sonmnnn 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH or 17 mapra, xoropax canxnnonn-
ponana ycranonnenne ecnonerno sont na Hnnne n npeocrannxna npano
rocyapcrnam unenam OOH npnnnmart nce neoxonmte mept nx samn-
rt rpaxancxoro nacenennx n mecr ero npoxnnannx, naxoxmnxcx no yrposo
nanaennx
18
. uaxrnuecxoe npeocrannenne noncrannam noepxxn c nosyxa,
xoropym oecneunnana Oprannsannx Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO)
n pamxax onepannn Comsnt samnrnnx, nsmennno nnamnxy xon]nnxra.
Hocne pxa noopyxenntx cronxnonenn n Hnnncxo nycrtne, n xoe xoro-
ptx ropoa necxontxo pas nepexonnn ns pyx n pyxn, noncrannt npn no-
epxxe HATO nocrenenno crann nponnrartcx x cronnne crpant Tpnnonn.
Bo nropo nononnne anrycra mxrexnnxn nsxnn nepx, n x xonny mecxna
Tpnnonn oxasancx no nx xonrponem. Mecronaxoxenne Kaa]n, xoropomy
yanoct cxptrtcx, ne mornn ycranonnrt o rex nop, noxa 20 oxrxpx non-
crannt ne nsxnn ero pono ropo Cnpr. B cymaroxe, conponoxanme saxnar
Kaa]n, on tn ynr, uro nonoxnno xonen pexnmy, xoropt npannn crpa-
no onee 40 ner.
Cnryannx, cnoxnnmaxcx nocne rnenn Kaa]n, tna necnoxono.
HHC nepenec cnom asy ns Fenrasn n Tpnnonn n nontrancx nanpannrt Hn-
nnm no nyrn emoxparnsannn. Onaxo onnne opyxnx, ocranmerocx n opa-
mennn, a raxxe yponent espaornnt nmenn yrpoxammne macmrat. B co-
uerannn c rpannnonno pasomennocrtm omecrna +ro npnnonno x crtu-
xam mexy onamn HHC, npecrannxnmnmn pasnnunte nnemena
19
. Xorx +rn

14
Human Rights Watch, Libya: June 1996 killings at Abu Salim prison, 27 June 2006,
<http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/06/27/libya-june-1996-killings-abu-salim-prison>; n Franklin,
S., Abu Salim: walls that talk, The Guardian, 30 Sep. 2011.
15
Libya protests: second city Benghazi hit by violence, BBC News, 16 Feb. 2011, <http://
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12477275>.
16
Libya protests: pressure mounts on isolated Gaddafi, BBC News, 23 Feb. 2011, <http://
ww.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12550719>.
17
UPDATE 1-Rebel Libyan council chief vows victory or death, Reuters, 4 Mar. 2011.
18
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH or 17 mapra 2011 r., 412.
19
Fighters clash again near Tripoli, several dead, Reuters, 12 Nov. 2011.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 52
cronxnonennx ne ntmnn sa pamxn menxnx nepecrpenox, yrposa nnemenntx
xon]nnxron ne ncuesna. Eme onnm nepaspemenntm nonpocom ocranannct
ouennnte snoynorpenennx co cropont cnn noncrannen na sanepmammnx
+ranax xon]nnxra
20
. Bcxope nocne cmeprn Kaa]n npoxypop Mexynapo-
noro yrononnoro cya (MYC) Hync Mopeno-Oxamno saxnnn, uro ecrnnx cnn
HATO n noncrannen, panno xax n npecrannrene pexnma Kaa]n, nonepr-
nyrcx paccneonannm na npemer conepmennntx noenntx npecrynnenn
21
.


Cupu
22


Honauany xasanoct, uro Apacxax necna ne sarponer Cnpnm, utx cra-
nntnocrt sa nocnenne ecxrnnernx tna noncrnne ynnnrentno, ocoen-
no c yuerom ee pennrnosno n +rnnuecxo neonoponocrn. o 2011 r. enn-
crnenntm cymecrnenntm ntsonom 40-nernemy npannennm npesnenra Xa]e-
sa ant-Acaa n ero ctna n nacnennxa, npesnenra Famapa ant-Acaa, tno
noccranne, nonxroe Fpartxmn-mycyntmanamn n xonne 1970-x roon, xoro-
poe x momenry ero noannennx n 1982 r. npnneno x rnenn 1025
rtc. uenonex, n ocnonnom cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx
23
.
Hepnte nporecrt nauannct n ]enpane 2011 r., no onn nocnnn orpann-
uennt xapaxrep, n pexnmy yanoct tcrpo nx noannrt. Cnryannx nsmenn-
nact, xora 18 mapra n epaa, na mre crpant, nonxnnct nonnennx, ntsnan-
nte apecrom n ntrxamn rpynnt monotx nme. Cnyxt esonacnocrn es-
ycnemno ntrannct nonoxnrt xonen nporecram c nomomtm cnesorounnoro
rasa, noomeron, n, n xonne xonnon, npnmenennx oenoro opyxnx, uro saxon-
unnoct rnentm uertpex uenonex. C +roro momenra nporecrnoe nnxenne
crano tcrpo pacnpocrpanxrtcx n npnneno x xeprnam cpen rpaxancxoro
nacenennx n epaa n pyrnx ropoax.
o xonna roa axnnn nporecra, uacro nacunrtnanmne ecxrxn rtcxu
yuacrnnxon, npomnn no nce Cnpnn. Xorx amnnncrparnnnt oxpyr epaa
ocrancx nenrpom nporecrnoro nnxennx, ocnonno ropxue rouxo ncxope
crana nponnnnnx Xomc, na xoropym npnmnact npnmepno rpert ncex cnyuaen
rnenn nme. Ha nporxxennn roa nporecrt xoopnnnponannct uepes
Facebook n otuno nasnauannct na npemx nocne nxrnnuno monnrnt nnn no-
xopon nornmnx emoncrpanron. Bnauane nporecrymmne cxonnenrpnpona-
nnct na +xonomnuecxnx n nonnrnuecxnx pe]opmax, onaxo yxe ncxope onn
crann rpeonart orcrpanennx npesnenra Acaa or nnacrn, a raxxe cnoo-
ntx n uecrntx ntopon. Hecmorpx na orentnte cnyuan mapoepcrna n sa-
xntnannx xamnxmn, emoncrpannn ocranannct, no ontme uacrn, mnpnt-
mn. Hanpornn, peaxnnx npannrentcrna nxnmuana macconte apecrt, ntrxn

20
Human Rights Watch, Libya: apparent execution of 53 Gaddafi supporters, 24 Oct. 2011,
<http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/24/libya-apparent-execution-53-gaddafi-supporters>.
21
6647-oe saceanne Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, S/PV.6647 or 2 noxpx 2011 r.
22
O cotrnxx n Cnpnn n 2011 r. cm. raxxe rnany 3, pasen II nacroxmero nsannx.
23
Coner no npanam uenonexa OOH, oxna nesanncnmo mexynapono xomnccnn no
paccneonannm cotrn n Cnpncxo Apacxo Pecnynnxe, A/HRC/S-17/2/Add.1 or 23 no-
xpx 2011 r.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 53
saepxanntx, orxas n mennnncxo nomomn panentm, a raxxe ncnontsona-
nne cnanepon nx paccrpena nporecrymmnx
24
. Hpnmepno cnycrx mecxn no-
cne nauana nporecron npannrentcrno npnnxnoct ocaxart n noneprart ap-
rnnnepncxomy ocrpeny re ropoa, xoropte ono cunrano npaxentmn
25
.
B ononnenne x npnmenennm cnnt, pexnm ncnontsonan nonnrnuecxne
cpecrna, onnnxx n nacnnnn nnocrpannte +nemenrt n reppopncron, a
raxxe nocroxnno oemax pe]opmt. ecrnnrentno, Aca ormennn pexnm
upesntuanoro nonoxennx, xoropt ecrnonan c 1963 r., n nponsnen nepe-
cranonxn n npannrentcrne, no raxne pe]opmt nocnnn xocmernuecxn xapax-
rep n otuno conponoxannct eme onee xecroxnm npnmenennm cnnt
26
.
Axrt nacnnnx cnpncxo apmnn npnnenn x nenomy pxy cnyuaen esep-
rnpcrna, n ocnonnom, co cropont conar-cpounnxon ns mycyntman-cynnnron.
urot cnpannrtcx c +ro renennne, arenrt cnyxt esonacnocrn pasme-
mannct sa apmecxnmn nosnnnxmn n, no nmemmnmcx cneennxm, yrpoxann
conaram, xoropte ntrannct eseprnponart
27
. Hexoropte eseprnpt conpa-
nnct n menxne rpynnt, urot samnmart emoncrpanron, n nnora axe ncry-
nann n cronxnonennx c apmne. Ipynna eseprnponanmnx o]nnepon no xo-
manonannem nonxonnnxa Pnxa ant-Acaaa oxnnna o cosannn Cnoono
cnpncxo apmnn (CCA) uepes YouTube 29 nmnx
28
. B xonne cenrxpx CCA
nauana oente ecrnnx npornn npannrentcrnenntx cnn n nponnnnnxx
Anenno, Xama n Xomc, xoropte x xonny 2011 r. npnnenn x rnenn necxontxnx
cor uenonex, n ononnenne x necxontxnm rtcxuam nornmnx n pesyntrare
xecrxoro noannennx nporecron co cropont npannrentcrna.


Tyuuc
29


17 exapx 2010 r. ynnunt ropronen onomamn Moxamme Fyasnsn co-
nepmnn camocoxxenne nocne xon]nnxra c nonnnne
30
. 3ror axr ntsnan
ncnnecx nporecron no ncemy Tynncy npornn nonnnecxoro nponsnona n xop-
pynnnn n n xoneunom nrore n noepxxy cment pexnma. 3cxanannx nporec-
ron ntnynna npesnenra 3nn ant-Annn Fen Ann 14 xnnapx exart ns
crpant n Cayoncxym Apannm. Hpemtep-mnnncrp Moxamme Iannyun tn
raxxe ntnyxen noart n orcranxy n xonne ]enpanx, ocnoonn mecro nx
nonoro npemennoro npannrentcrna, ne cnxsannoro c Fen Ann. Btopt n Yu-

24
Coner no npanam uenonexa (cnocxa 23); Human Rights Watch, We live as in war, Nov.
2011 <http:// www.hrw.org/reports/2011/11/11/we-live-war>.
25
Human Rights Watch (HRW), Weve Never Seen Such Horror (HRW: New York, June
2011).
26
International Crisis Group (ICG), Uncharted Waters: Thinking Through Syrias Dynamics
Middle East Briefing no. 31 (ICG: Damascus, 24 Nov. 2011); Human Rights Watch (cnocxa 25).
27
Human Rights Watch (HRW), By All Means Necessary! (HRW: New York, Dec. 2011).
28
Defected officers declare the formation of Syrian Free Army, 29-7-2011, YouTube, 29
July 2011, <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Rk7Ze5jVCj4>.
29
International Crisis Group (ICG), Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East
(IV): Tunisias Way, Middle East/North Africa Report no. 106 (ICG: Tunis, 28 Apr. 2011).
30
How a man setting fire to himself sparked an uprising in Tunisia, The Guardian, 28 Dec.
2010.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 54
penrentnoe copanne tnn nponeent 23 oxrxpx, a 12 exapx Monce]
Mapsyxn, tnmn npanosamnrnnx, tn nspan npemenntm npesnenrom. Me-
xy rem Fen Ann tn saouno npnronopen x 35 roam rmpemnoro saxnmuennx.


He+eu

K 2011 r., nocne onee uem rpex ecxrnnern npannennx npesnenra Ann
Aynnt Canexa, nepe Hemenom croxnn cymecrnennte +xonomnuecxne n
connantnte ntsont, n rom uncne mnpoxo pacnpocrpanennax xoppynnnx, ypo-
nent espaornnt, ocrnrammn 40%, naenne ne]reotun, yrpoxammax
nexnarxa not n noncemecrnax enocrt. Fonee roro, na nporxxennn nocne-
nnx ner Hemen crpaan or ntcoxoro yponnx nacnnnx, nxnmuax nanaennx
rpynnnponxn Ant-Kana na Apanncxom nonyocrpone (AKAH)
31
.
B xnnape npanxmax naprnx Bceomn napont xonrpecc oxnnna, uro
yer crpemnrtcx ynpasnnrt orpannuenne no xonnuecrny cpoxon npesnenr-
cxnx nonnomoun. 3ro ntsnano mnpoxoe neonontcrno, nocxontxy mnorne
emennt onacannct, uro Canex nocrapaercx yepxnnart nnacrt ncm xnsnt
32
.
Hpnstnt x orcranxe Canexa ycnnnnnct c yxoom Myapaxa c nocra npesnenra
Ernnra. Ttcxun nporecrymmnx nponenn npenmymecrnenno mnpnte emoncr-
pannn n Cane, Aene n Tanse, xoropte tnn pasornant npannrentcrnenntmn
cnnamn n croponnnxamn pexnma n npnnenn x uenoneuecxnm xeprnam
33
.
B orner na pacrymee uncno xeprn n xoe emoncrpann nnnxrentnte
nnemena n ntcoxonocrannennte noennte nepecrann oxastnart noepxxy
Canexy. Fnnxe x xonny max xecroxne cronxnonennx nponsomnn mexy cnna-
mn, noxntntmn npesnenry, n unenamn nnnxrentnoro nnemenn ant-Axmap
34
. 3
nmnx Canex tn panen n pesyntrare paxernoro ocrpena npesnenrcxoro
nopna, xoropt, xax yrnepxaercx, tn oprannsonan unenamn nnemenn ant-
Axmap
35
. Canex yneren n Cayoncxym Apannm na neuenne, no nosnparnncx n
Hemen n cenrxpe. On coxpanxn nonnym npesnenrcxym nnacrt nnnort o 23
noxpx, xora cornacnncx cnoxnrt cnon nonnomounx x ]enpanm 2012 r. n o-
men na amnncrnm n coornercrnnn c nnanom, ntpaoranntm Conerom corpy-
nnuecrna apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro sannna (CCAIH3). On ocnoonn
cno nocr nocne nspannx 21 ]enpanx A Pao Mancypa ant-xan, tnme-
ro nnne-npesnenra, na nocr npemennoro npesnenra crpant na nyxnernn
cpox
36
.

31
International Crisis Group (ICG), Breaking Point? Yemens Southern Question, Middle East
Report no. 114 (ICG: Sanaa, 20 Oct. 2011), pp. 1011; Gardner, F., What next in Yemen, BBC
News, 29 Jan. 2011, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12309909>.
32
International Crisis Group (ICG), Popular Protest in North Africa and the Middle East (II):
Yemen between Reform and Revolution, Middle East/North Africa Report no. 102 (ICG: Sanaa,
10 Mar. 2011), pp. 12.
33
International Crisis Group (cnocxa 32), pp. 14.
34
International Crisis Group (cnocxa 31).
35
Yemen tribe leader denies link to palace attack, Reuters, 3 June 2011.
36
Amnesty International (cnocxa 10), pp. 2223; Ghobari, M., Election preparations start in
conflict-torn Yemen, Reuters, 6 Feb. 2012; New Yemen President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi takes
oath, BBC News, 25 Feb. 2012, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17163321>.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 55
Ha nporxxennn roa npannrentcrnennte cnnt npoonxann mnpoxo-
macmrante nacnntcrnennte ecrnnx npornn mnpntx emoncrpanron, uro
npnneno x rnenn coren nme. Eme necxontxo cor uenonex tnn ynrt n
cronxnonennxx mexy npannrentcrnenntmn nocxamn, cnnamn nccnenron
n orpxamn noopyxennoro ononuennx nnemenntx rpynn.


Bnemnee yuac1ne

Beuu noooep+ra
37


Peaxnnx mexynaponoro coomecrna na cotrnx n crpanax Cenepno
A]pnxn n Fnnxnero Bocroxa snaunrentno naptnpyercx. Bnemnxx noepxxa
tna npeocrannena ono nnn oenm croponam xon]nnxra n nyx crpanax c
ontmnm uncnom nornmnx Hnnnn n Cnpnn (cm. ran. 2.1). B rpex ns uert-
pex crpan co cpennmn noxasarenxmn no nornmnm Ernnre, Tynnce n Heme-
ne mexynaponoe coomecrno orpannunno cnoe yuacrne nonnrnuecxnmn
saxnnennxmn, ntpasnn noepxxy nno onnosnnnn, nno ecrnymmemy rnane
rocyapcrna, xorx +ro sauacrym nponcxonno rontxo na saxnmunrentntx cra-
nxx nporecrnoro nnxennx, xax n cnyuae c Ernnrom
38
. Tontxo uernepro crpa-
ne co cpennm yponnem nacnnnx Faxpeny tna npeocrannena nnemnxx
nomomt n ]opme noennoro n nonnnecxoro noxpennennx co cropont Cayon-
cxo Apannn n Oennenntx Apacxnx 3mnparon n orner na opamenne npa-
nnrentcrna Faxpena x CCAIH3
39
. B ornnune or ocyxennx pexnmon n pyrnx
crpanax n apec axpencxoro npannrentcrna snyuana nnmt cepxannax xpn-
rnxa co cropont rocyapcrn pernona n mexynaponoro coomecrna sa npn-
menenne cypontx mep no ornomennm x mnpntm emoncrpanram
40
.
Mexynaponoe coomecrno tno nenocpecrneno sannrepeconano n
nponcxoxmem n Hnnnn, uro tno npoemoncrpnponano tcrpo peaxnne
OOH, no npenonrentcrnom upannnn n Bennxopnrannn, na cotrnx n
+ro crpane
41
. Ftn nspan noxo, nocrpoennt na nee samnrt rpaxan-
cxoro nacenennx or nensnparentno peaxnnn npannrentcrna
42
. 19 rocyapcrn
npnnxnn yuacrne n ycranonnennn ecnonerno sont no manarom OOH, xo-

37
O repmnne nnemnxx noepxxa cm. ran. 2.1, npnm. d nacroxme rnant
38
Egypt power transfer not enough: Obama, Agence France-Presse, 11 Feb. 2011.
39
Gulf Cooperation Council states pledge full support for Bahrain, BBC Monitoring, 19
Feb. 2011; n Katzman (cnocxa 3).
40
Gulf Cooperation Council states pledge full support for Bahrain (cnocxa 39); Amnesty
International (AI), Arms transfers to the Middle East and North Africa: Lessons for an Effective
Arms Trade Treaty, Index no. ACT 30/117/2011 (AI: London, 19 Oct. 2011), p. 22.
41
Hxrt unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH Fpasnnnx, Iepmannx, Hnnx, Knra n Poc-
cnx npenounn nosepxartcx or ronoconannx no Pesonmnnn 1973. B xauecrne nocroxnntx
unenon CF Knra n Poccnx no cymecrny ne nocnpenxrcrnonann npnnxrnm anno pesonmnnn.
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (cnocxa 18); West mobilizes for Libya air strikes,
Agence France-Presse, 18 Mar. 2011; France, UK draft sanctions text on Libya violence,
Reuters, 25 Feb. 2011, <http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/02/25/idINIndia-55147320110225>.
42
O samnre rpaxancxnx nnn cm. rnany 1 nacroxmero nsannx.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 56
ropax cnycrx necxontxo ne tna o]nnnantno oecneuena cnnamn HATO
43
.
Camonert HATO omnnn nenn nnnncxnx BBC n aprnnnepnn nx npeor-
npamennx npannrentcrnenntx arax n ornomennn rpaxancxoro nacenennx n
cnn mxrexnnxon, ocymecrnnxnnct omapnponxn mra-xnaprnpt nnnncxo
apmnn, uro snaunrentno noopnano +]]exrnnnocrt crpyxrypt apmecxoro
xomanonannx. Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn (HAI), xoropax nonauany noep-
xnnana Pesonmnnm 1973 CF OOH, xpnrnxonana HATO sa ee nnrepnperannm
nonnomoun manara
44
. Honcrannt nonyuann npxmym noennym n ]nnanconym
noepxxy or Bennxopnrannn, Hrannn, Karapa, Typnnn n upannnn, a raxxe,
xorx n n mentme crenenn, or Cyana
45
. B nenom mexynaponoe yuacrne
snaunrentno cnococrnonano noopyxenno opte noncrannen.
B Cnpnn Poccnx n, npenonoxnrentno, Hpan noepxnnann npannrent-
crno nocranxamn opyxnx, oenoro cnapxxennx n rexnnuecxnm coecrnnem
46
.
Hpenonaraercx raxxe, uro Hpan oecneunnan cnpncxoe npannrentcrno no-
cxamn n noenntmn conernnxamn
47
. Kopann BMu Poccnn nepnonuecxn co-
nepmann saxo n not pernona n ncnonnponannct n Tapryce (Cnpnx) n xaue-
crne cepxnnamme mept npornn nosmoxntx noenntx ecrnn HATO
48
. Ha
nonnrnuecxom yponne Knra n Poccnx nocroxnno ntcrynann npornn npeno-
xenn upannnn n Coennenntx Braron o npnnxrnn cymecrnenno pesonm-
nnn CF OOH no Cnpnn
49
. Kora +rn npenoxennx tnn sanoxnponant, Co-

43
B uncno 19 rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon nomnn 15 crpan unenon HATO (Anannx, Fentrnx,
Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Hnepnant, Hopne-
rnx, Pymtnnx, CBA, Typnnx n upannnx) n uertpe rocyapcrna, ne xnnxmmnecx unenamn
HATO (Hopannx, Karap, OA3 n Bnennx). NATO to enforce no-fly zone in LibyaRasmus-
sen, Reuters, 24 Mar. 2011. Cm. raxxe rnany 3, pasen II nacroxmero nsannx.
44
Arab League condemns broad Western bombing campaign in Libya, Washington Post, 20
Mar. 2011.
45
France says it gave arms to the rebels in Libya, New York Times, 29 June 2011; Qatar
admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels, The Guardian, 26 Oct. 2011; Turkey
reveals quiet rebel payments, Wall Street Journal, 24 Aug. 2011; Libya conflict: British and
French soldiers help rebels prepare Sirte attack, The Guardian, 25 Aug. 2011; Sudan armed Lib-
yan rebels, says President Bashir, BBC News, 26 Oct. 2011, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
africa-15471734>; n Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH, 3axnmunrentnt oxna Ipynnt +xcnepron,
yupexenno n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1973 (2011) Conera Fesonacnocrn n ornomennn
Hnnnn or 17 ]enpanx 2012 r., ononnenne x S/2012/163 or 20 mapra 2012 r.
46
International Crisis Group (ICG), Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East
(VII): The Syrian Regimes Slow-motion Suicide, Middle East/North Africa Report no. 109 (ICG:
Brussels, 13 July 2011). O nonnrnxe rocyapcrn +xcnoprepon opyxnx n ornomennn nocranox
n crpant, sarponyrte cotrnxmn Apacxo necnt, cm. rnany 6, pasen II nacroxmero nsa-
nnx.
47
Abdo, G., How Iran keeps Assad in power in Syria, Foreign Affairs, 25 Aug. 2011; British
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Britains relations with Iran, [n.d.], <http://www.fco.gov.
uk/en/global-issues/mena/017-iran/>; Iran helping Syrian regime crack down on protesters, say
diplomats, The Guardian, 9 May 2011; Dagres, H., Viewpoint: Iran looms large in Syria con-
flict, Middle East Voices, 22 Mar. 2011, <http://www.middleeastvoices.com/2012/03/viewpoint-
iran-looms-large-in-syria-conflict-25664/>.
48
Russia sending warships to its base in Syria, Reuters, 28 Nov. 2011,
<http://af.reuters.com/ article/egyptNews/idAFL5E7MS1XT20111128>.
49
O npenoxennn o nneennn +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm cm. rnany 10,
pasen III nacroxmero nsannx.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 57
ner Enpont (CE) n CBA co cnoe cropont nnenn onocroponnne canxnnn
npornn Cnpnn n ycnnnnn nonnrnuecxoe annenne na Acaa, npoonxax yr-
nepxart, uro onn ne nmemr namepenn ocymecrnnxrt noennoe nmema-
rentcrno
50
. Typnnx, necmorpx na ro uro ee ornomennx c Cnpne n nocnenne
rot ntcrpannannct no nce onee pyxecrnennom xnmue, nectma xecrxo xpn-
rnxonana pexnm Acaa. Ona npnnxna ecxrxn rtcxu exennen n n nmne op-
rannsonana nepnym xon]epennnm ncex onnosnnnonntx naprn Cnpnn n ns-
rnannn. Typnnx ntcrynnna onnm ns ocnonntx croponnnxon CCA, npeocra-
nnn yexnme n samnry ee nnepy ant-Acaay, a raxxe nosnonnna CCA
ncnontsonart cnom reppnropnm n xauecrne rtnono ast
51
.


V:acmue mpemiux cmopou
52


Homnmo npxmo noepxxn cropon n pasnnuntx xon]nnxrax n xoe
Apacxo necnt mexynaponoe coomecrno axrnnno yuacrnonano n nonc-
xe nyre pemenn +rnx xon]nnxron. uro xacaercx nnemne noepxxn, ro
nmemarentcrno rpertnx cropon tno cocpeoroueno na nyx nanonee no-
crpaanmnx rocyapcrnax. Ona raxxe ocymecrnnxnact n crpane co cpennm
yponnem nacnnnx n Hemene.
B cnryannn c Hnnne Poccnx ntranact crart nocpennxom mexy npa-
nnrentcrnom n HHC. Knpcan Hnmmxnnon, tnmn poccncxn ryepnarop n
npesnenr Mexynapono maxmarno ]eepannn, necxontxo pas nocernn
Hnnnm c o]nnnantntmn nnsnramn n nmne
53
. Ero ncrpeun c Kaa]n n non-
crannamn, xoropte cocroxnnct uepes necxontxo neent nocne nauana omap-
nponox n, xax npecrannxercx, ne tnn cornaconant c HATO, ne npnnecnn
xaxnx-nno cymecrnenntx pesyntraron. Pernonantnte oprannsannn nsna-
uantno npoxnnnn nepemnrentnocrt, pasnpaemte nnyrpennnmn npornnope-
unxmn ornocnrentno ecnonerno sont. A]pnxancxn coms (AC) ntrancx
crart nocpennxom n Hnnnn, no nocxontxy nn ono ns ero npenoxenn ne
nopasymenano yxo Kaa]n co cnoero nocra, onn tnn xareropnuecxn or-
neprnyrt HHC
54
.
B cnryannn c Cnpne Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn nepnonauantno no-
epxnnana npenaraemte Acaom pe]opmt. Onaxo no mepe pocra nacnnnx n
ornomennn rpaxancxoro nacenennx Hnra nocrenenno nsmennna cnon nosn-
nnn: cnauana ona npnsnana Acaa x npexpamennm nacnnnx, a sarem nontra-
nact nananrt nanor mexy nonneuenntmn n xon]nnxr croponamn. B cnxsn c
npoonxammnmcx nacnnnem Hnra n noxpe npnocranonnna unencrno Cnpnn.
Ho yrposo +xonomnuecxnx canxnn n antneme nonnrnuecxo nsonxnnn

50
International Crisis Group (cnocxa 46).
51
Assad has less than week to heed reforms call Turkey, Reuters, 20 June 2011; n In slap
at Syria, Turkey shelters anti-Assad fighters, New York Times, 27 Oct. 2011.
52
O repmnne yuacrne rpertnx cropon cm. ran. 2.1, npnm. e nacroxme rnant.
53
Russia meets with NATO in new push for Libyan peace, New York Times, 4 July 2011.

54
Libyan rebels reject African Union proposal as fighting rages, CNN, 11 Apr. 2011,
<http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-11/world/libya.war_1_leader-moammar-gadhafi-libyan-people-
african-union>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 58
19 exapx Aca cornacnncx na mnpnt nnan
55
. B coornercrnnn c anntm
nnanom Hnra nanpannna mnccnm nanmarene nx monnropnnra cnryannn n
Cnpnn n npecrannennx orueron o ne. Tem ne menee onnosnnnx couna +ry
mnccnm npensxro. B nauane 2012 r. paora mnccnn tna npnocranonnena
56
.
B Hemene CCAIH3 npn noepxxe OOH neonoxparno nen neperonopt
c npesnenrom Canexom, urot onrtcx ero orcranxn. 3rn ycnnnx ynenua-
nnct ycnexom n npnnenn x nepeaue nnacrn n ]enpane 2012 r. Yuacrne Hemena
n opte c AKAH n recnom corpynnuecrne c CBA oycnonnno ocooe x ne-
my ornomenne. Onaxo no mepe axrnnnsannn nporecron n +cxanannn nacnnnx
CBA n xoneunom nrore noepxann nnan CCAIH3 n npnsnann Canexa yrn
n orcranxy
57
. B ro xe npemx CBA npoonxnnn corpynnuecrno c emencxnm
npannrentcrnom n nanecnn px nosymntx yapon no nosnnnxm AKAH n He-
mene.


Bmnom

Hrorn nepnoro roa Apacxo necnt tnn neonosnauntmn. Hmenn
mecro cnyuan cment pexnma, no raxxe n cnryannn, xora naponoe noccra-
nne tno noanneno. Tem ne menee nonnrnxa apacxnx crpan nperepnena ns-
menennx n pesyntrare cepnn +rnx ynnxantntx ncropnuecxnx cotrn.
Cymecrnonana uerxax cnxst mexy xapaxrepom rpeonann n uncnom no-
rnmnx: ram, re nporecrymmne rpeonann cment pexnma, uncno nornmnx
ocrnrno cpenero nnn ntcoxoro yponnx (cm. ran. 2.1). Kpome roro, opta
npornn anropnrapntx pexnmon, no rnane xoroptx croxn onn nnep nnn ce-
mtx, uame ynenunnanact ycnexom, uem opta npornn rpannnonntx monap-
xn nnn pyrnx nnon pexnma, no xpane mepe n 2011 r. Ernner, Hemen, Cn-
pnx n Tynnc ornocxrcx x nepno xareropnn, a Hopannx, Mapoxxo, Cayon-
cxax Apannx n crpant Hepcncxoro sannna xo nropo. K uncny npnmeua-
rentntx ncxnmuenn ornocxrcx Faxpen, re rpannnonnax monapxnx
nepexnna norpxcennx, no coxpannna cnom nnacrt naroapx nnemne no-
epxxe, n Anxnp, re anropnrapnomy noennomy pexnmy tnn npexnnent
onontno cxpomnte rpeonannx. Hanonee orxptrte apacxne crpant, n rom
uncne Hnnan, Hanecrnncxne reppnropnn n Hpax, cronxnynnct c cymecrnenno
mentmnm uncnom napontx nonnenn, ntsnanntx nnyrpennnmn nponema-
mn. Ha nanecrnncxnx reppnropnxx emoncrpanrt ntrannct onrtcx ont-
mero enncrna n nanecrnncxom coomecrne, a ne cment pexnma.
Peaxnnx mexynaponoro coomecrna tna pasnnuno, npn +rom nnem-
nee coecrnne orpannunnoct nnmt necxontxnmn cnyuaxmn. 3anante ep-
xant, n uacrnocrn upannnx n CBA, nsnauantno noepxnnann npannrent-
crna Ernnra n Tynnca, no nosxe crann nacrannart na neoxonmocrn nepe-
men. B cnyuae c Hnnne onn cpasy xe sanxnn axrnnnym nosnnnm npornn
pexnma, nonyunn oopenne OOH n ncnontsonan HATO n xauecrne nncrpy-

55
3 killed as Syria urged to implement peace plan, Agence France-Presse, 20 Dec. 2011.
56
O mnccnn nanmarene Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn cm. rnany 3, pasen II.
57
Carmichael, L., US watches Yemen chaos with growing concern, Agence France-Presse,
26 May 2011; Amnesty International (cnocxa 10), p. 25.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 59
menra cnoe nonnrnxn. B Cnpnn sanante epxant sanxnn nosnnnm, nporn-
nononoxnym nosnnnn Knrax n Poccnn, xoropte nce onee xpnrnuecxn ntcxa-
stnannct npornn npnmenennx cnnt n mexynapontx enax. Bosmoxnocrt
yuacrnx rperte cropont n paspemennn xpnsnca tna n snaunrentno crene-
nn orpannuena, a ceptesnte neperonopt npononnnct rontxo n Hemene.
Baxnym pont nrpann cocenne crpant n pernonantnte oprannsannn. B
uacrnocrn, Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn cnococrnonana nmemarentcrny mex-
ynaponoro coomecrna n cotrnx n Hnnnn n nornepnna nernrnmnocrt na
pernonantnom yponne nepnonauantnoro npnmenennx cnnt co cropont OOH
nx ncnonnennx npnnnnna mexynapono ornercrnennocrn sa samnry rpax-
ancxoro nacenennx. Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn ntranact ntpaorart corna-
menne no Cnpnn, no npenxrcrnnx ee ycnnnxm unnnnnct xax cnpncxnm npa-
nnrentcrnom, rax n onnosnnnonntmn rpynnamn. B Hemene CCAIH3 raxxe
nsxn na cex pont nocpennxa.
Cotrnx 2011 r. pasnopaunnannct na ]one rnyoxnx npornnopeun n
apacxom mnpe. Hpeonaanne nenpecrannrentntx pexnmon, xoropte ne
mornn onrtcx ycnexa n pemennn nnyrpennnx nponem, nocnyxnno npeno-
ctnxo nx noccrann. Anropnrapnte pexnmt, xoropte ne onaann ocra-
rouno cnooo ecrnn nx roro, urot norn na nonnrnuecxne ycrynxn,
tcrpo oxasannct n nsonxnnn na nannonantnom, pernonantnom n mexyna-
ponom yponnxx. Hcnontsonanne xax conpemenntx, rax n rpannnonntx
]opm xommynnxannn ntxnnno neycrounnocrt anntx pexnmon n nocnyxn-
no crnmynom nx antnemnx ecrnn onnosnnnn
58
. Taxnm opasom, ypox
Apacxo necnt xacaercx ne rontxo apacxoro mnpa, no nmeer nocnecrnnx
nx pexnmon no ncem mnpe.


58
Cm. raxxe, nanpnmep: Melvin, N. and Umaraliev, T., New social media and conflict in
Kyrgyzstan, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security no. 2011/1, Aug. 2011, <http://books.sipri.org/
product_info? c_product_id=429>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 60
II. OPIAHH3OBAHHOE HACHHHE B CTPAHAX
AuPHKAHCKOIO POIA


Honac FAYMAHH, Mapxyc HHHHCOH, Horra TEMHEP
n Herep BAHHEHCTHH
Ynncantcxax nporpamma no anntm o xon]nnxrax

Ha nporxxennn ecxrnnern crpant A]pnxancxoro Pora, raxne xax
xnyrn, Kennx, Comann, 3pnrpex n 3]nonnx (cm. pnc. 2.1), nonepramrcx
oprannsonannomy nacnnnm. Onaxo, necmorpx na orpomnte macmrat ueno-
neuecxnx crpaann, pernon otuno nonaaer n sarononxn mexynapontx
CMH rontxo rora, xora peut ner o nnparcrne nnn sacyxe. nx nponeennx
nocneonarentnoro osopa nacnnnx, xoropoe nerarnnno nnnxer na crpant
A]pnxancxoro Pora, ananns pernona n annom pasene yer ntnonnen uepes
npnsmy rpex xareropn Ynncantcxo nporpammt no anntm o xon]nnxrax,
xacammnxcx oprannsonannoro nacnnnx: noopyxennte xon]nnxrt mexy ro-
cyapcrnamn n nnyrpn rocyapcrn, onocroponnee nacnnne npornn rpaxan-
cxnx nnn n npnmenenne nacnnnx mexy nerocyapcrnenntmn axropamn
1
.
Xorx nce crpant pernona n reuenne ecxrnnernx c 2001 no 2010 r. nepe-
xnnn onn nnn onee nnon oprannsonannoro nacnnnx, nerocyapcrnennte
xon]nnxrt tnn, esycnonno, camtmn pacnpocrpanenntmn. B ome cnox-
nocrn 77 nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron, nnn 35% or omemnpontx noxasa-
rene, tnn sa]nxcnponant n pernone A]pnxancxoro Pora. Exeronoe uncno
npoonxammnxcx nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron tno onontno crannt-
ntm n reuenne nepntx mecrn ner nepnoa, xonenxct n npeenax or 11 o
13. Tem ne menee ormeuannct n pesxne nsmenennx annoro noxasarenx. Tax,
cnauana cnnsnnmnct o nyx n 2007 r., on ntpoc o 14 n 2008 r., nocne uero
onxrt cnnsnncx o nxrn n 20092010 rr.
Mexrocyapcrnennte noopyxennte xon]nnxrt tnn menee pacnpo-
crpanent n crpanax A]pnxancxoro Pora: c 2001 no 2010 r. tno saperncrpn-
ponano nnmt nxrt raxnx xon]nnxron, ns xoroptx rontxo onn mor cunrartcx
nono
2
. Tem ne menee rocyapcrna pernona npoemoncrpnponann pacrymym
renennnm x noennomy nmemarentcrny n ena cocennx crpan. Hanpnmep,
Kennx n 3]nonnx npemx or npemenn noctnann nocxa nx noepxxn nepe-
xonoro ]eepantnoro npannrentcrna Comann (HuH) n ero xon]nnxre c rpyn-
nnponxo Xapaxar ant-Baa ant-Myxaxnnn (Monoexnoe nnxenne

1
O onpeenennn YHK rpex xareropn oprannsonannoro nacnnnx n ocyxennn mnpo-
ntx renennn cm. pasen III nacroxme rnant.
2
Hxrt noopyxenntx xon]nnxron, sa]nxcnponanntx n pernone: xnyrn3pnrpex (o-
max rpannna), 3pnrpex, 3]nonnx (Oraen), 3]nonnx (Opomnx) n Comann. Ecnn n annom
pasene ynomnnaercx nnmt nasnanne rocyapcrna, ro nmeercx n nny xon]nnxr sa nepxonnym
nnacrt n crpane. Ecnn nonoom x xon]nnxry nocnyxnn pasen reppnropnn, ro nasnanne cnop-
no reppnropnn yxasano n cxoxax nocne nasnannx () rocyapcrna.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 61
moxaxeon, nnn Ant-Baa), xoropoe n cnom ouepet nonyuano opyxne
n nncrpyxropcxym nomomt ns 3pnrpen
3
.









































Pnc. 2.1. Kap1a Aqpnxancxoro pora

3
United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursu-
ant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010), 20 June 2011, annex to S/2011/433, 18 July 2011.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 62
Becrt cyexron tnn ornercrnennt sa axrt onocroponnero nacnnnx n
pernone: npannrentcrno 3]nonnn, xenncxoe npannrentcrno, xenncxax pe-
nnrnosnax cexra Mynrnxn, uponr nannonantnoro ocnooxennx Oraena
(uHOO), +]noncxne noncranuecxne rpynnt, rpynnnponxa Cnnt oopont
semnn Caaor (CO3C), oennxn, ecrnymmne n paone ropt 3nron n Ke-
nnn, n Ant-Baa. B 20012006 rr. rontxo onn cyexr npentcnn nopor n
25 cmeprntx cnyuaen n ro n xoe nanaenn na rpaxancxnx nnn (npann-
rentcrno 3]nonnn, cm. nnxe). B 2007 n 2008 rr. nacunrtnanoct nxrt raxnx
cyexron, no nx uncno nnont ymentmnnoct o onoro n 2009 n 2010 rr.
anee n annom pasene paccmarpnnaercx noopyxennt xon]nnxr n Co-
mann, n uacrnocrn, ero mexynaponte acnexrt. 3arem npnnonrcx onncanne
onoro ns xpannx cnyuaen onocroponnero nacnnnx n crpanax A]pnxancxo-
ro Pora, nmenmero mecro n pernone Comann n 3]nonnn. H, naxonen, paccmar-
pnnaercx pacnpocrpanenne nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron n pernone, npn
+rom ocnonnoe nnnmanne yenxercx nym npnmepam n npnrpannuno sone
3]nonnxKennx.


Boopyaennmn xonqnnx1: pernonantnme nocnec1nnn nec1anntnoc1n
n Couann

Hs ncex xon]nnxron n conpemennom mnpe, xoropte n nacroxmee npemx
naxoxrcx n axrnnno ]ase, opta sa rocyapcrnennym nnacrt n Comann,
esycnonno, xnnxercx ono ns camtx sarxxntx. Heannne ycnnnx no noncxy
pemennx npnnenn n coornercrnnn c mexynapontmn pesonmnnxmn x cosa-
nnm n 2004 r. nepexonoro ]eepantnoro npannrentcrna. Onaxo rontxo nocne
nropxennx 3]nonnn n Comann n exape 2006 r., a sarem npn noepxxe canx-
nnonnponanno OOH Mnccnn A]pnxancxoro comsa n Comann (AMHCOM)
HuH cmorno nepeexart n cronnny crpant Moranmo
4
.
o exapx 2010 r. Xnsyn-Hcnam n Ant-Baa, ne ocnonntx
noopyxenntx ncnamncrcxnx rpynnnponxn n onnosnnnn x npannrentcrny, ne-
nn noopyxennym opty xax c HuH, rax n pyr c pyrom. Kora nnep Xns-
yn-Hcnama Xaccan axnp Anec oxnnn n exape 2010 r., uro ero rpyn-
nnponxa craner uacrtm Ant-Baa, nocnenxx crana enncrnenno orxpt-
ro noopyxenno onnosnnne HuH
5
. B ro npemx Ant-Baa xonrponnpo-
nan nce mxnte n nenrpantnte paont Comann, n rom uncne ontmym uacrt
Moranmo
6
.
axe necmorpx na ro uro HuH nontsyercx mexynapontm npnsnann-
em, ero cnnt cnat, a noxonrpontnax emy reppnropnx nenennxa.
7
Fontmnn-
crno oen npornn Ant-Baa n Moranmo neyrcx AMHCOM, a ne HuH
8
.

4
Hoponee o AMHCOM cm. rnany 3, pasent III n IV nacroxmero nsannx.
5
Somalia: Aweys surrenders to Al Shabaab, 6 killed in bombing, Garowe Online, 20 Dec.
2010, <http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Aweys_surrenders_
to_Al_Shabaab_6_killed_in_bombing.shtml>.
6
International Crisis Group (ICG), Somalia: The Transitional Government on Life Support,
Africa Report no. 170 (ICG: Nairobi, 2011), p. 27.
7
United Nations (cnocxa 61), p. 11.
8
International Crisis Group (cnocxa 64), p. 17.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 63
Mnoxecrno nerocyapcrnenntx rpynn n pernonantntx xnanontx npann-
rentcrn npncoennnnnct x HuH n nommr npornn Ant-Baa
9
. K uncny
anntx rpynnnponox ornocnrcx Axny-Cynna nant-xamaa, xoropax nont-
syercx noepxxo, a nnora n nonyuaer npxmym nomomt or 3]nonnn, a c
neannnx nop n nnxenne Pac Kamonn, xoropoe uacro paccmarpnnaercx n
xauecrne npononnxa xenncxnx nnrepecon
10
.
Kora Ant-Baa oxnnn o raxrnuecxom orxoe or Moranmo n
anrycre 2011 r., mnorne naexnnct, uro nnepnte sa mnoro ner n cronnne nnont
nonapnrcx ornocnrentnoe cnoxocrnne
11
. Onaxo px repaxron, conepmenntx
cmeprnnxamn, n cnopanuecxne cronxnonennx n xonne 2011 r. npoemoncrpn-
ponann, uro ocranonxa n Moranmo ocraercx anexo neesonacno
12
. Hecra-
nntnocrt roro nepnoa ycyrynxnact npncyrcrnnem rtcxu nnyrpenne nepe-
memenntx nnn (BHH), xoropte ycrpemnnnct n ropoa n pesyntrare macconoro
ronoa. Hexnarxa cpecrn npnnena x romy, uro ne nonyuanmne sapnnary no-
cxa HuH nauann rpanrt mexynaponte nenrpt pacnpeenennx npoonont-
crnnx, cosanart nesaxonnte xonrpontno-nponycxnte nynxrt n npemx or
npemenn ncrynart n crtuxn c pyrnmn npannrentcrnenntmn cnnamn
13
.
B cnom ouepet rpynnnponxa Ant-Baa raxxe cronxnynact c ]n-
nancontmn rpynocrxmn. Hocne nacrynnennx HuHAMHCOM n ]enpane n
nmneanrycre 2011 r. ona norepxna xonrpont na ptnxom Faxapa panee
naxntm ncrounnxom nanorontx nocrynnenn. Kpome roro, nentm nnrepnen-
nnn Kennn na mre Comann n oxrxpe 2011 r. (onepannx Hnna Hun), xoro-
pax nocneonana sa ncnnecxom noxnmenn nme na xenncxo reppnropnn,
tno ocymecrnnenne noxat nopra Kncmao eme onoro tnmero ncrou-
nnxa oxoon nx Ant-Baa
14
.
Xorx mexy rnoanncramn-xnxancramn n comanncxnmn nannonann-
cramn n pyxonocrne Ant-Baa, noxoxe, ycnnnnaercx pacxon, nexoropte
anannrnxn yrnepxamr, uro pacrymax nnrepnannonannsannx xon]nnxra moxer
npenparnrt rpynnnponxy n rnoantnoro nrpoxa n, nosmoxno, npeocrannrt e
nonte pecypct
15
. Hpenamepennte nontrxn Ant-Baa onrtcx nnrepna-

9
O cnryannn na ocrantno reppnropnn Comann (nanpnmep, n camonponosrnamenntx an-
ronomntx reppnropnxx) cm.: UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia, <http://www.ucdp.uu.se/database/>;
Pugh, A., Block partybreaking Somalias political paralysis, Janes Intelligence Review, 19
May 2011; United Nations (cnocxa 61).
10
United Nations (cnocxa 61); 48 people killed in Somalia, Garowe Online, 25 Feb. 2011,
<http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/48_people_killed_in_Somalia.shtml>.
11
Khalif, A., Al Shabaab militants pull out of key positions in Mogadishu rout, Daily Nation
(Nairobi), 6 Aug. 2011.
12
Hanpnmep, no anntm mecrntx neuentx yupexenn, 4 oxrxpx n pesyntrare reppo-
pncrnuecxoro axra, conepmennoro cmeprnnxom, nornno oxono 120 uenonex. Hospitals over-
whelmed as bombing death toll rises, IRIN, 5 Oct. 2011, <http://www.irinnews.org/Report/
93896/SOMALIA-Hospitals-overwhelmed-as-bombing-death-toll-rises>.
13
Somali government soldiers warned over killings, BBC Monitoring Africa, 7 Nov. 2011; n
Guled, A., African Union troops reach outskirts of Mogadishu, Associated Press, 20 Jan. 2012,
<http://news.yahoo.com/african-union-troops-reach-outskirts-mogadishu-083503256.html>.
14
United Nations (cnocxa 61), p. 28; KenyaSomaliaWest: Operation Protect the Nation
follows wave of abductions, Africa Research Bulletin, 9 Nov. 2011, p. 19 032.
15
Weinstein, M. A., Harakat al-Shabaab gobbles up Hizbul Islam, Garowe Online, 23 Dec.
2010, <http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Harakat_al-Shabaab_
Gobbles_Up_Hizbul_Isam.shtml>; International Crisis Group (cnocxa 64), p. i.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 64
nnonannsannn xon]nnxra, n rom uncne nocpecrnom noxnmenn n nsptnon n
2010 r. n Kamnane (Yrana), npnnenn x antnememy mexynaponomy nmema-
rentcrny nx optt c +ro rpynnnponxo
16
. K xonny 2011 r. nocxa nxrn a]-
pnxancxnx crpan naxonnnct n Comann, a n ]enpane 2012 r. Coner Fesonacno-
crn OOH oopnn ynennuenne maxcnmantno uncnennocrn AMHCOM c
12 000 o 17 000 noennocnyxamnx c npeocrannennem mexynaponoro ]n-
nancnponannx na +rn nenn
17
. B ro xe npemx Ant-Baa pacmnpxer cnoe
npncyrcrnne sa npeenamn Comann n n xnnape 2012 r. npecrannna cnoero nn-
epa n Kennn, uro nosnonxer cenart npenonoxenne o nannunn y anno
rpynnnponxn sannrepeconannocrn n ycnnennn cnoero nnnxnnx n pernone
18
.
Pernonannsannx exrentnocrn Ant-Baa npnnena x npnstnam onee
xecrxo orneuart na ee ecrnnx, ocoenno nocne repaxron n Kamnane. Honn-
rnxn n noennoe pyxonocrno Yrant, xoropax npeocrannna ontmym uacrt
nonncxoro xonrnnrenra AMHCOM, ann nonxrt, uro nocnenxx onxna ne-
pexonrt x +rany npnnyxennx x mnpy
19
. Hocxontxy mexynaponoe yuacrne
n enax Comann o cnx nop n snaunrentno crenenn tno oycnonneno xena-
nnem crannnsnponart cnryannm, nepoxrno, cnecrnnem nnrepnannonannsa-
nnn moxer trt pacmnpenne xon]nnxra sa npeent rpannn Comann. Ha me-
crnom yponne nnemnxx nnrepnennnx raxxe moxer npnnecrn x ycnnennm no-
epxxn Ant-Baa.


Onoc1oponnee nacnnne: pernon Couann n 3qnonnn
20


B coornercrnnn c rnoantntmn renennnxmn nerocyapcrnennte cy-
exrt n ontme crenenn, uem npannrentcrna, ocymecrnnxnn onocroponnee

16
International Crisis Group (cnocxa 64), p. i.
17
Pesonmnnx 2036 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH or 22 ]enpanx 2012 r. Kennx n 3]nonnx nnenn
cnon nocxa n Comann; Fypynn, xnyrn n Yrana npnnxnn yuacrne n AMHCOM. Homnmo +ro-
ro Hspannt n upannnx orxptro oxastnamr norncrnuecxym noepxxy onepannn Hnna Hun;
nocroxnno nocrynamr cneennx o ecnnnorntx nerarentntx annaparax CBA, conepmammnx
araxn na reppnropnn Comann. France to support Kenyas incursion into Somalia, BBC Monitoring
Africa, 25 Oct. 2011; Some 19 civilians killed in US drone attack in southern Somalia, BBC
Monitoring Africa, 17 Sep. 2011. Cm. raxxe rnany 3, pasent III n IV nacroxmero nsannx.
18
B 2012 r. Bex Hmam Ann tn nasnan npecrannrenem Ant-Baa n Kennn. Al-
Shabaab names Kenyan leader, Somalia Report, 10 Jan. 2012, <http://somaliareport.com/index.
php/post/2489/Al-Shabaab_Names_Kenyan_Leader_>. pyrne nnept Ant-Baa, ona-
ammne ontrom exrentnocrn sa pyexom, uya Bonrone, nmemmn nonoe rpaxancr-
no Comann n Bnennn, n Omap Xammamn (nsnecrnt raxxe xax Ay Mancyp ant-Ampnxn),
ponnmncx n ntpocmn n CBA. McGregor, A., Whos Who in the Somali Insurgency: A Refer-
ence Guide (Jamestown Foundation: Washington, DC, 2009), pp. 1013.
19
Hnrepnperannx manara AMHCOM yxe nsmennnoct. Mandate of AU troops in Somali
capital said changed to enforcement of peace, BBC Monitoring Africa, 30 June 2011.
20
3ror pasen cocrannen na ocnone cneymmnx ncrounnxon: Human Rights Watch, Ethio-
pia: crackdown in east punishes civilians, 4 July 2007, <http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/07/03/
ethiopia-crackdown-east-punishes-civilians>; Human Rights Watch (HRW), Collective Punish-
ment: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the Ogaden Area of Ethiopias Somali Region
(HRW: New York, 2008); Ethiopian Human Rights Council (EHRCO), EHRCO Condemns Mas-
sacre Committed on Innocent Oilfield Workers, Press release, 26 April 2007, <http://www.
ehrco.org/index.php? option=com_content&id=14>.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 65
nacnnne n pernone A]pnxancxoro Pora n 20012010 rr.
21
Tem ne menee npann-
rentcrno 3]nonnn nnnponano xax no npoonxnrentnocrn axrnnnoro ocyme-
crnnennx nacnnnx, rax n no uncny nornmnx. 2003 n 2004 rot tnn camtm
xponantm (coornercrnenno oxono 500 n 250 nornmnx). Fonee nosnn
ncnnecx uncna xeprn sa]nxcnponan n 2007 r., xora tnn ynrt onee 160
mnpntx xnrene. B rom roy nourn nce onocroponnee nacnnne npannrent-
crna 3]nonnn ocymecrnnnoct n pernone Comann, na mro-nocroxe crpant,
xoropt c cepennt 1970-x roon cnyxnn cneno nx nepnonuecxnx nnyr-
pnrocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron mexy npannrentcrnom n cenaparncrcxnmn
noncranuecxnmn rpynnnponxamn.
Penpeccnxm n ornomennn rpaxancxoro nacenennx n 2007 r. npemecr-
nonana +cxanannx noopyxenno optt uHOO sa nesanncnmocrt Oraena
mro-nocrouno uacrn pernona Comann. C nomomtm opyxnx, nocrynammero n
pernon ns cocene Comann, uHOO cran onee axrnnntm n n xonne anpenx
npenpnnxn araxy na xnracxoe ne]rxnoe mecropoxenne, ynn 74 uenonexa.
3ro npnneno x pacmnpennm onepannn npornn noncrannen co cropont Ha-
nnonantntx cnn oopont 3]nonnn (HCO3), a n nmne tna nauara xpynnax
noennax xamnannx, n xoe xoropo omnpnte reppnropnn pernona Comann
oxasannct orpesanntmn or nnemnero mnpa. B xonne nmnx 2007 r. npannrent-
crno 3]nonnn sanpernno exrentnocrt Mexynaponoro xomnrera Kpacnoro
Kpecra (MKKK) n pernone, yrnepxax, uro on ncran na cropony onnosnnnon-
ntx cnn. uepes necxontxo neent yxymenne cnryannn n onacrn esonacno-
crn ntnynno noxnnyrt pernon n oprannsannm Bpaun es rpannn.
B ycnonnxx orcyrcrnnx nesanncnmoro ocnemennx cotrn n pernone no-
crynammne cneennx yxastnamr na ro, uro ycnexn npannrentcrnenno xam-
nannn npornn noncrannen tnn ompauent rpytmn napymennxmn npan ueno-
nexa. Bocxa HCO3 npenamepenno n neonoxparno nanaann na rpaxan-
cxoe nacenenne n nontrxe ynnuroxnrt noncrannen. Ocotm npecneonannxm
noneprnnct pocrnennnxn npenonoxnrentntx unenon uHOO, no axe
npnnanexnocrt x +rnnuecxnm comannnam n, n uacrnocrn, unenam comann-
cxoro cyxnana Oraena (xoropt nmeer ocoym cnxst c noncrannamn), tna
ocrarountm ocnonannem, urot cunrart uenonexa noospenaemtm.


Herocyapc1nennme xonqnnx1m: nonnennn n npnrpannunmx onac1nx

Herocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt npecrannxmr coo neonoponym xa-
reropnm, no nx moxno n omnx ueprax xnaccn]nnnponart no yponnm opra-
nnsannn
22
. Herocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt n pernone A]pnxancxoro Pora pas-
nnnamrcx no romy xe cnenapnm, uro n n ocrantno uacrn A]pnxn, a nmenno:
ontmnncrno ns nnx (80%) neyrcx mexy ne]opmantntmn oprannsonannt-
mn +rnnuecxnmn nnn pennrnosntmn omnnamn. pyrne naxnte pasnnunx
moryr trt nponeent n +ro norpynne yuacrnnxon na ocnone pasnnuntx
reorpa]nuecxnx n remarnuecxnx xnacrepon. Hpnneennt nnxe ananns xon-

21
O rnoantntx renennnxx cm. pasen III nacroxme rnant.
22
O xnaccn]nxannn cropon no yponnm oprannsannn cm. pasen III nacroxme rnant.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 66
xperntx cnryann xacamrcx nyx pasnnuntx xon]nnxron na rpannne mexy
3]nonne n Kenne.


Hoepauu:ua sanaoua soua JquonuuKeuuu
23


Oranennt paon, npocrnpammncx nont rpannnt mexy cenepo-
sanaom Kennn n mro-sanaom 3]nonnn, xnnxercx mecrom npoxnnannx
ontmoro uncna arpo]epmepcxnx cxoronouecxnx rpynn, ornomenne mexy
xoroptmn neycrounnte. B ro npemx xax onn rpynnt cunramrcx neuntmn
nparamn n naxoxrcx n cocroxnnn nocroxnnoro xon]nnxra, pyrne npemx or
npemenn ntcrynamr n xauecrne comsnnxon, xora naxoxr corpynnuecrno
ntrontm. 3ra npnrpannunax onacrt, n xoropo nn ono ns nyx rocyapcrn
ne onaaer ontmnm nnnxnnem, nacenena, cpen npounx, nnemenamn rypxa-
na, accanex, ntxnrarom, cypn n nsn. 3a nocnenne 10 ner YHK saperncr-
pnponana px nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron mexy orentntmn rpynna-
mn
24
.
Foente ecrnnx moryr trt ntsnant camtmn pasnnuntmn npnunnamn,
nanpnmep, yncrnom uenonexa npornnoopcrnymme rpynno, no otuno n
ocnone mnornx xon]nnxron n +rom pernone nexar necxontxo npnunn. Ono
ns camtx pacnpocrpanenntx xnnxercx ocryn x npnpontm pecypcam, n ua-
crnocrn, noe n nacrnmam. Hocxontxy norpenocrt n anntx pecypcax nt-
pocna, nnyrpennxx nanpxxennocrt, oycnonnennax ncropne xon]nnxron,
oocrpnnact, uro npnnonr x nepnonuecxnm crtuxam. Yponent nacnnnx n
pernone nmeer renennnm x ynennuennm n nepnot sacyxn
25
. Hoxnmenne
xpynnoro poraroro cxora, nexamn npaxrnxyemoe n annom pernone, eme o-
na naxnax npnunna ecnomanoro xon]nnxra mexy rpynnnponxamn. Haern
na cocenne epennn no-npexnemy xnnxmrcx cnocoom nononnennx craa,
ute norononte coxparnnoct n pesyntrare onesnn nnn sacyxn. Onn naer
moxer cosart nopount xpyr ornerntx naeron, uro uacro npnnonr x cyme-
crnennomy ncnnecxy nacnnnx. Eme ona npnunna optt saxnmuaercx n rom,
uro noopyxennte cnnt coornercrnymmnx epenent no rpannnn cocroxr ns
mnome. Hocne nocnxmennx n myxunnt onn necyr ornercrnennocrt sa samn-
ry nnemenn n cxora. enanne mnome npoemoncrpnponart cnom xpapocrt
npnnonno x mnorouncnenntm cnyuaxm nacnnnx.


23
3ror pasen cocrannen na ocnone cneymmnx ncrounnxon: Schlee, G. and Watson, E. E.
(eds), Changing Identifications and Alliances in North-East Africa, vol. 1, Ethiopia and Kenya
(Berghan books: New York, 2009); Abbink, J., Ritual and political forms of violent practice among
the Suri of southern Ethiopia, Cahiers dtudes Africaines, vol. 38 (1998), pp. 271295; Abbink, J.,
Ethnic conflict in the tribal zone: the Dizi and Suri in southern Ethiopia, Journal of Modern Afri-
can Studies, vol. 31, no. 4 (Dec. 1993), pp. 675682; Abbink, J., Violence and the crisis of concilia-
tion: Suri, Dizi and the state in south-west Ethiopia, Africa, vol. 70, no. 4 (2000), pp. 527550.
24
Ftnn saperncrpnponant xon]nnxrt mexy nnemenamn rypxana n accanem, ntxnrarom
n rypxana, nsn n cypn.
25
O cnxsn mexy xon]nnxramn n npnpontmn pecypcamn cm.: Melvin, N. and De Koning,
R., Resources and armed conflict, SIPRI Yearbook 2011.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 67
Hoepauu:ua eocmo:ua soua JquonuuKeuuu
26


B 20012010 rr. uertpe ns xpynnemnx nnemen, nacenxmmnx nocrou-
nym uacrt norpannuno sont mexy 3]nonne n Kenne, tnn nonneuent n
nxrt pasnnuntx xon]nnxron, xoropte nmemr px omnx xapaxrepncrnx
27
.
Kax npannno, xon]nnxrt nponcxonnn cnopanuecxn, conponoxannct cpan-
nnrentno nnsxnm yponnem nacnnnx, a comst mexy nnemenamn, yuacrnym-
mnmn n xon]nnxrax, uacro menxnnct.
Ecrt necxontxo nsanmocnxsanntx npnunn mnoxecrna nerocyapcrnenntx
xon]nnxron n +ro norpannuno sone. Ono ns nnx xnnxmrcx nsmenennx opn-
enrannn rpynn mexy nymx rnanntmn poontmn xnanamn n pernone opomo
n comann, xoropte rpannnonno npaxent pyr pyry
28
. Hexoropte rpynnt
menxmr opnenrannm ns crparernuecxnx coopaxenn, ecnn onn moryr cun-
rartcx opomo n coornercrnnn c onnm naopom xpnrepnen (nanpnmep, xstx) n
comann n coornercrnnn c pyrnm (nanpnmep, pennrnx).
pyro naxno npnunno xnnxercx macmranoe nepememenne nnemenn
rappn na sana or cnonx rpannnonntx mecr onrannx n Comann na reppnro-
pnn conpemenntx Kennn n 3]nonnn. 3ro npnneno x xon]nnxram c rpynnamn,
npoxnnammnmn n annom pernone; nocnenne tnn ntnyxent nnnyrtcx
eme antme na sana n norecnnrt pyrne nnemena na nx reppnropnxx, npono-
nnpyx rem camtm nonte xon]nnxrt. Hapannentno c raxnmn ncropnuecxnmn
nepememennxmn mnrpannx rpynn raxxe moxer trt ntsnana npnunnamn +xo-
nornuecxoro xapaxrepa. Hs-sa rpyntx ycnonn xnsnn n +rom nycrtnnom pe-
rnone sacyxn nmemr ocoenno paspymnrentnte nocnecrnnx, ntstnax oxec-
rouennte xon]nnxrt sa cxynte pecypct. Kax n na onee sanantx reppnro-
pnxx, xorx n n mentme crenenn, naern na craa cocennx rpynn ycnnnnamr
xon]nnxrnt norennnan mexnnemenntx ornomenn.
K xomnnexcy npnunn raxxe cneyer oannrt nonnrnuecxne mornnt. Bo
nnyrpenne nonnrnxe +ro npexe ncero xacaercx xonrponx na mecrntmn nna-
crxmn. B 3]nonnn, nanpnmep, cnoxnocrt raxoro xonrponx cnxsana c amnnn-
crparnnno peoprannsanne crpant n +rnnuecxym ]eepannm n nauane 1990-x
roon, xoropax ycranonnna uerxym cnxst mexy reppnropne n +rnnuecxo
npnnanexnocrtm. 3ro oannno nonynxpnocrn nee oprannsannn uncro +r-
nnuecxnx reppnropn, conpornnnenne xoropo npononnponano nerocyapcr-
nennte xon]nnxrt. Ha mexynaponom yponne nnamnxa ornomenn mexy
3]nonne n Kenne, n xoroptx omnnnpymr onacennx, uro necranntnocrt n
Comann moxer pacnpocrpannrtcx sa ee npeent, nnnxer na cnryannm n norpa-
nnuno sone. 3]nonnx n Kennx raxxe onacamrcx reremonncrnuecxnx ycrpem-
nenn pyr pyra. Taxnm opasom, px nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron n pe-
rnone xnnxercx +nemenrom ome nenpocro cnryannn n A]pnxancxom Pore.

26
3ror nopasen cocrannen na ocnone cneymmnx ncrounnxon: eds. Schlee and Watson
(cnocxa 81); Kefale, A., Federal restructuring in Ethiopia: renegotiating identity and borders
along the OromoSomali ethnic frontiers, eds T. Hagman and D. Pclard, Negotiating Statehood:
Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa (John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, 2011).
27
Paont, re nponcxonnn xon]nnxrt: onacrn Kennn Manepa, Mapcanr, Moxnt n
Baxnp, mxnax uacrt pernonon Opomnx n Comann n 3]nonnn. uertpe nnemenn, yuacrno-
nanmne n xon]nnxrax, opana, rapa, rappn n ryxn cocrannxnn nxrt na: opana-rapa,
opana-rappn, opana-ryxn, rapa-ryxn n rappn-opana/ryxn.
28
3ect comann oosnauaer +rnnuecxym, a ne nannonantnym npnnanexnocrt.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 68
III. MOEHH OPIAHH3OBAHHOIO HACHHH B 20012010 rr.


Horra TEMHEP n Herep BAHHEHCTHH
Ynncantcxax nporpamma no anntm o xon]nnxrax


B npetymnx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH Ynncantcxax nporpamma
no anntm o xon]nnxrax (YHK) npecrannxna nn]opmannm o moenxx
xpynntx noopyxenntx xon]nnxron, onpeenxemtx xax xon]nnxrt, n xo-
roptx n xoe npnmenennx noopyxenno cnnt nymx croponamn (no xpane
mepe ona ns xoroptx xnnxercx npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna), na
none ox n reuenne xanenapnoro roa nornno ne menee 1000 uenonex
1.
B na-
croxmem nsannn npemer anannsa nsmenen n pacmnpen n nxnmuaer rpn rnna
oprannsonannoro nacnnnx: noopyxennte xon]nnxrt, nerocyapcrnennte
xon]nnxrt n onocroponnee nacnnne. Bxnmuenne n cno anntx cnyuaen
npnmenennx cnnt co cropont xax rocyapcrnenntx, rax n nerocyapcrnen-
ntx cyexron, nanpannenno npornn pyrnx rocyapcrn, nerocyapcrnenntx
rpynn nnn rpaxancxoro nacenennx, nosnonxer nsrnxnyrt na nonpoc oprann-
sonannoro nacnnnx mnpe.
Hs rpex rnnon oprannsonannoro nacnnnx onpeenenne noopyxennoro
xon]nnxra nnxe ncero x onpeenennm xpynnoro noopyxennoro xon]nnxra.
Pasnnna cocronr n rom, uro nmecro nopora n 1000 cmepre na none ox sa
onn xanenapnt ro mnnnmym ycranonnen na yponne 25 cmepre n reuenne
roro xe nepnoa. B nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxrax, n ornnune or noopyxen-
noro xon]nnxra, re no xpane mepe ono ns cropon onxno trt rocyap-
crno, npnnnmamr yuacrne rontxo nerocyapcrnennte noopyxennte rpynnn-
ponxn, xoropte moryr trt ]opmantno nnn ne]opmantno oprannsonant.
Tpertx xareropnx onocroponnee nacnnne npecrannxer coo nenena-
npannennym araxy na rpaxancxnx nnn, conepmaemym rocyapcrnom nnn op-
rannsonanno rpynno.
B +rom pasene npecrannen osop noopyxenntx xon]nnxron, nerocy-
apcrnenntx xon]nnxron n onocroponnero nacnnnx n nepnom ecxrnnernn
XXI n. C 2001 no 2010 r. nmenn mecro 69 noopyxenntx xon]nnxron, 221 ne-
rocyapcrnennt xon]nnxr n 127 cyexron tno nonneueno n onocropon-
nee nacnnne. Bcero sa]nxcnponano onee 400 cnyuaen npnmenennx nacnnnx,
xaxt ns xoroptx npnnen x rnenn ne menee 25 uenonex n ro. Macmrat
oprannsonannoro nacnnnx n xonne ecxrnnernx coxparnnnct no cpannennm c
ero nauanom, xorx +ro coxpamenne nentsx nasnart cymecrnenntm
(cm. pnc. 2.2). Kpome roro, ecnn na nporxxennn 1990-x roon tnn sa]nxcn-
ponant ontmne xoneannx n uncne xon]nnxron, ro n nepnom ecxrnnernn
XXI n. nanmanact nnax xaprnna. Tenennnx x cnnxennm moxer trt o-
naexnnammnm noxasarenem pasnnrnx cnryannn n yymem. B pamxax ome
renennnn xaxt ns rpex rnnon nacnnnx nmeer cocrnennym nnyrpennmm

1
nx onee noponoro onpeenennx xonnennnn xpynnoro noopyxennoro xon]nnxra cm.,
nanpnmep: Themnr, L. and Wallensteen, P., Patterns of major armed conflicts, 200110, SIPRI
Yearbook 2011, pp. 6970.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 69
nnamnxy, no raxxe sanncnr or nnamnxn nyx pyrnx rnnon. Honnax xaprn-
na, xoneuno, onee cnoxna, onaxo uerxnx npnsnaxon roro, uro rpn rnna na-
cnnnx xomnencnpymr pyr pyra, r. e. coxpamenne macmraon onoro rnna
npnnonr x ynennuennm macmraon nyx pyrnx, ne sa]nxcnponano.




















Pnc. 2.2. Hncno noopyaennmx xonqnnx1on, nerocyapc1nennmx xonqnnx1on
n cnyuaen onoc1oponnero nacnnnn, 20012010 rr.


Boopyaennme xonqnnx1m

Boopyxennt xon]nnxr onpeenxercx xax opta mexy noopyxennt-
mn cnnamn nyx cropon, ono ns xoroptx xnnxercx npannrentcrno xaxoro-
nno rocyapcrna, sa ycranonnenne xonrponx na npannrentcrnom n/nnn rep-
pnropne, n xoe xoropo na none ox n reuenne xanenapnoro roa nornno
ne menee 25 uenonex. Boopyxennt xon]nnxr, n xoe xoroporo na none ox n
reuenne xanenapnoro roa nornno ne menee 1000 uenonex, onpeenxercx xax
nona; npoune noopyxennte xon]nnxrt xnaccn]nnnpymrcx xax menxne
noopyxennte xon]nnxrt
2
. B +ro onpeenenne nxoxr xon]nnxrt nnsxo
nnrencnnnocrn, xnnxmmnecx axrnnntmn n reuenne onoro roa nnn necxont-
xnx ner, raxne xax reppnropnantnt xon]nnxr mexy pennrnosno-
nonnrnuecxnm nnxennem Fyny na Konro n npannrentcrnom Konro (ax-
rnnen n 20072008 rr.) n xon]nnxrt ntcoxo nnrencnnnocrn, xoropte axrnn-
nt n reuenne nnrentnoro nepnoa npemenn, nanpnmep, xon]nnxr sa xon-
rpont na ycranonnennem rocyapcrnenno nnacrn n A]ranncrane, n xoe xo-

2
Taxnm opasom, xpynnt noopyxennt xon]nnxr +ro noopyxennt xon]nnxr, xoro-
pt moxno xnaccn]nnnponart xax nony n reuenne no xpane mepe onoro roa.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 70
roporo cmenxmmne pyr pyra npannrentcrna nommr npornn pxa noncranue-
cxnx rpynn c 1978 r.
B 20012010 rr. nacunrtnanoct 69 axrnnntx noopyxenntx xon]nnxron,
30 ns xoroptx tnn axrnnnt n 2010 r. (cm. ran. 2.2). B nenom cpeneroonoe
uncno xon]nnxron necxontxo coxparnnoct sa yxasannt nepno, onaxo +ro
coxpamenne ne pannomepno camoe ontmoe uncno xon]nnxron tno sa]nx-
cnponano n 2008 r. (cm. ran. 2.3). Hpnmeuarentno, uro snaunrentno cnnsn-
noct xonnuecrno non. Tax, ecnn n 2001 r. nenoct 10 non (28% or omero
uncna), ro n 2010 r. nacunrtnanoct ncero uertpe nont (13% or omero unc-
na). Camte npoonxnrentnte nont nennct mexy a]rancxnm npannrentcr-
nom n nnxennem Tannan, a raxxe mexy npannrentcrnom Hpaxa n mno-
xecrnom noncranuecxnx rpynn: oa +rn xon]nnxra ocrnrann yponnx nont n
reuenne cemn ner ns 10 (xon]nnxr n A]ranncrane n 2001 n 20052010 rr., n
Hpaxe n 20042010 rr.).
3a yxasannoe ecxrnnerne ormeueno omee coxpamenne oentx norept,
no +ra nn]pa n 2010 r. tna nce eme nnsxa x 20 000 nornmnx (cm. pnc. 2.6
nnxe)
3
. Onxrt xe, coxpamenne tno nepannomepntm: nanmentmee uncno
(oxono 11 500) tno sa]nxcnponano n 2005 r., a nanontmee (nourn 31 000
nornmnx) n 2009 r. 3ror nnx tn n snaunrentno crenenn oycnonnen pes-
xo +cxananne xon]nnxra n Bpn-Hanxe, xoropt saxonunncx n 2009 r. no-
paxennem Tnrpon ocnooxennx Tamnn-Hnama (TOTH). Cotrnx n A]ra-
nncrane n Haxncrane raxxe ctrpann cnom pont: oocrpnncx xon]nnxr mexy
a]rancxnm npannrentcrnom n Tannanom, ncntxnyn nont oxecrouennt
xon]nnxr mexy naxncrancxnm npannrentcrnom n Texpnx-n-Tannan Haxn-
cran (TTH, nnxenne rannon Haxncrana).
YHK pasnnuaer rpn rnna noopyxenntx xon]nnxron: mexrocyapcr-
nennte, nnyrpnrocyapcrnennte n nnrepnannonannsnponannte nnyrpnrocy-
apcrnennte
4
. Bnyrpnrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt na ceronxmnn ent
nanonee pacnpocrpanent, nx onx n paccmarpnnaemt nepno ne onycxa-
nact nnxe 70%, a n ontmnncrne cnyuaen npentmana 80% ncex xon]nnxron
(cm. ran. 2.3). Mexrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt xnnxmrcx nanmenee pacnpo-
crpanenntmn. B 20012010 rr. sa]nxcnponano nnmt rpn xon]nnxra +roro
rnna: mexy Hnne n Haxncranom (20012003 rr.), Hpaxom n CBA c coms-
nnxamn (2003 r.), a raxxe xnyrn n 3pnrpee (2008 r.). Onaxo, necmorpx
na ro uro mexrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt cnyuamrcx neuacro, nmn ne cney-
er npeneperart. Ho cpannennm c noncranuecxnmn rpynnamn npannrentcrna
nmemr nosmoxnocrt monnnsonart orpomnte pecypct, ncnecrnne uero xon-
]nnxrt mexy rocyapcrnamn moryr tcrpo oocrpnrtcx n npnnecrn x ueno-
neuecxnm xeprnam
5.


3
Honnoe onpeenenne repmnna nornmne na none ox cm. nnxe.
4
B mexrocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxrax npnnnmamr yuacrne na nnn onee npannrentcrn
xaxnx-nno rocyapcrn. Bo nnyrpnrocyapcrnennom xon]nnxre yuacrnymr npannrentcrno
xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna n ona nnn onee onnosnnnonnax rpynnnponxa. Hnrepnannonannsn-
ponannte nnyrpnrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt +ro nnyrpnrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt, re
ona nnn onee cropon nonyuaer noepxxy n nne oentx cnn co cropont nnocrpannoro
rocyapcrna.
5
Cm., nanpnmep: Lacina, B. and Gleditch, N. P., Monitoring trends in global combat: a new
dataset of battle deaths, European Journal of Population, vol. 21 (2005), pp. 145166.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 71
Tannna 2.2. Boopyaennme xonqnnx1m n 2010 r.
nx nonyuennx onee nopono nn]opmannn o onpeenennn ncnontsyemtx repmnnon
cm. pasen Hcrounnxn n merot nnxe.
Ouar
a
C1oponm xonqnnx1a
Hpeue1
xonqnnx1a
Io
nauana
b

Ho1epn
n
2010 r.
Hsuenennn
c 2009 r.
c

Aqpura
Anxnp Hpannrentcrna Anxnpa, Hnrepa
vs Ant-Kant n ncnamcxom Bnacrt 1998/ 240
Marpne (AKHM) 1999
Manpnra- Hpannrentcrna Manpnrannn,
nnx
d
upannnn, Hnrepa
vs Ant-Kant n ncnamcxom Bnacrt 2008/ 33 . .
Marpne (AKHM) 2010
Pyana
e
Hpannrentcrna Pyant, PK
vs Forces Dmocratiques de Bnacrt 1996/ 199
Libration du Rwanda 1996
(emoxparnuecxnx cnn ocnoo-
xennx Pyant, COP)
Comann Hpnnrentcrna Comann, 3]nonnn
vs Ant-Baa Bnacrt 2008/ 2076 +
2008
vs Xnsyn-ncnam (Haprnn Bnacrt 2009/ 82 +
Hcnama) 2009
Cyan Hpannrentcrno Cyana
vs nnxennx sa cnpanennnocrt Bnacrt 2003/ 638 + +
n panencrno (CP) 2003
vs Cyancxoro ocnoonrentnoro Bnacrt 2003/ 203 + +
nnxennx / Apmnx 2003
(CO/A)
vs Cnn xopxa Asopa Bnacrt 2010/ 90 . .
2010
Yrana
f
Hpannrentcrna Yrant, HAP, PK,
Cyana
vs Apmnn conpornnnennx Iocnoa Bnacrt 1988/ 51
(ACI) 1988
HAP Hpannrentcrno HAP
vs Convention des patriotes pour la Bnacrt 2009/ 26 0
justice et la paix (Comsa narpn- 2009
oron sa cnpanennnocrt n mnp,
CHCM)
ua Hpannrentcrno uaa
vs Front populaire pour la renais-
sance nationale (Haponoro
]ponra sa nannonantnoe nos-
poxenne, HuHO) Bnacrt 2010/ 42 . .
2010
3]nonnx Hpannrentcrno 3]nonnn
vs uponra nannonantnoro Teppnropnx 1994/ 25 0
ocnooxennx Oraena (Oraen)
(uHOO) 1994
A+epura
Konymnx Hpannrentcrno Konymnn
vs Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Bnacrt 1964/ 376 0
de Colombia (Penonmnnonntx 1964
noopyxenntx cnn Konymnn,
PBCK)
vs Ejrcito de Liberacin Nacional Bnacrt 1965/ 52 . .
(Hannonantno-ocnoon- 1966
rentno apmnn, HOA)

BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 72
Hpoonxenne rannnt 2. 2
Ouar
a
C1oponm xonqnnx1a
Hpeue1
xonqnnx1a
Io
nauana
b

Ho1epn
n
2010 r.
Hsuenennn
c 2009 r.
c

Hepy Hpannrentcrno Hepy
vs rpynnnponxn Sendero Bnacrt 1981/ 28
Luminoso (Cnxmmn nyrt) 1982
CBA
g
Hpannrentcrna CBA, Kanat,
upannnn, Hnepnanon,
Pymtnnn
vs Ant-Kant Bnacrt 2001/ 269
2001
Asu
A]rann- Hpannrentcrno A]ranncrana,
cran mexynaponax xoannnnx
h

vs Xns-n-Hcnamn A]ranncran Bnacrt 1980/ 96 + +
(Hcnamcxo naprnn
A]ranncrana) 1980
vs nnxennx Tannan Bnacrt 1995/ 6278 +
1995
Hnnx Hpannrentcrno Hnnn
vs Kommynncrnuecxo naprnx Bnacrt 2004/ 531 0
Hnnn (maoncrcxo) 2005
(KHH-M/Haxcannrt)
vs Oennennoro ]ponra ocnoo- Teppnropnx 1983/ 30
xennx Accama (OuOA) (Accam) 1990
vs Hannonantno-emoxparnuecxoro Teppnropnx 1992/ 25 . .
]ponra Foonena (HuF) (Foonen) 1993
vs Hannonantno-emoxparnuecxoro Teppnropnx 2009/ 32
]ponra Foonena, ]paxnnn (Foonen) 2009
Panxan am+pn (HuF-P)
vs noncrannen Kammnpa Teppnropnx 1984/ 362 0
(Kammnp) 1989
Mtxnma Hpannrentcrno Mtxnmt
vs Hannonantnoro comsa Kapen Teppnropnx 1966/ 63 + +
(HCK) (Kapen) 1966
vs emoxparnuecxo xapencxo Teppnropnx 2010/ 58 . .
yncrcxo apmnn, (Kapen) 2010
5- pnrat (KFA 5)
vs Apmnn Bancxoro rocyapcrna
(Rr) Teppnropnx 1986/ 36
(ABI-Rr) (Ban) 1996
Haxncran
i
Hpannrentcrno Haxncrana
vs Tepnx-+-Tannan Haxncran,
TTH Bnacrt 2007/ 4787
(nnxennx rannon Haxncrana) 2008
Taxnxncran Hpannrentcrno Taxnxncrana
vs Hcnamcxoro nnxennx Ysexn- Bnacrt 2005/ 98 . .
crana (HY) 2010
Tannan Hpannrentcrno Tannana
vs noncrannen Harrann Teppnropnx 1965/ 68
(Harrann) 2003
unnnnnnnt Hpannrentcrno unnnnnnn
vs Kommynncrnuecxo naprnn Bnacrt 1969/ 202 +
unnnnnnn (KHu) 1969
vs rpynnt Ay Cax] (IAC) Teppnropnx 1993/ 85
(Mnnanao) 1993
Eepona
Poccnx Hpannrentcrno Poccnn
vs Cnn Kanxascxoro +mnpara Teppnropnx 2007/ 418
(Kanxascxn 2007
+mnpar)
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 73
Ouar
a
C1oponm xonqnnx1a
Hpeue1
xonqnnx1a
Io
nauana
b

Ho1epn
n
2010 r.
Hsuenennn
c 2009 r.
c

B.u+uu Bocmor
Hspannt Hpannrentcrno Hspannx
vs Xapaxar an-xnxa an-ncnamn Teppnropnx 1987/ 27
]n unnacrnn (Hanecrnncxoro (nanecrnncxne 1995
ncnamcxoro xnxaa, HH) reppnropnn)
Hpax Hpannrentcrna Hpaxa, CBA
vs annar ant-Hpax Ant- Bnacrt 2004/ 1015 0
Hcnamnx (Hcnamcxoro 2004
rocyapcrna Hpax, HIH)
Hpan Hpannrentcrno Hpana
vs oprannsannn
xynanna (Bont Annaxa) Bnacrt 2003/ 74
2006
Hemen Hpannrentcrna Hemena, CBA
vs Ant-Kant na Apanncxom Bnacrt 2009/ 175 + +
nonyocrpone (AKAH) 2009
Typnnx
j
Hpannrentcrno Typnnn
vs Partiya Karkern Kurdistan Teppnropnx 1983/ 328 + +
(Kypcxo paoue naprnn, (Kypn- 1984
KPH) cran)
HAP = Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa; PK = emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa Konro.
a
Ouar osnauaer rocyapcrno, c npannrentcrnom xoroporo neyr opty onnosnnnon-
nte oprannsannn. B rex cnyuaxx, xora mecronaxoxenne npannrentcrna ornnuaercx or mecra
oentx ecrnn, nocnenee npnnonrcx n npnmeuannn.
b
Io nauana osnauaer nauano npornnocroxnnx yxasanntx cropon (nanpnmep, nauana
oentx ecrnn mexy npannrentcrnom n onnosnnnonno rpynnnponxo). Hepnax ns yxa-
sanntx ar osnauaer ro, xora tna sa]nxcnponana nepnax n xoe xon]nnxra cmeprt na none
ox, nropax ara osnauaer ro, xora uncno nornmnx n pesyntrare oentx ecrnn nnepnte
ocrnrno 25 uenonex sa xanenapnt ro.
c
Hsmenennx c 2009 r. npecrannxer coo ynennuenne nnn ymentmenne uncna nornmnx
na none ox n 2010 r. no cpannennm c uncnom nornmnx na none ox n 2009 r. Cnmnont osnauamr
cneymmne nsmenennx: + + = pocr uncna nornmnx na none ox one uem na 50%; + = pocr
uncna nornmnx na none ox onee uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; 0 = cranntnoe uncno
nornmnx na none ox (or 10 o +10%); = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox onee
uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox onee uem
na 50%;.. = annt xon]nnxr ne nonaan no xareropnm axrnnntx n 2009 r.
d
Homnmo Manpnrannn oente ecrnnx nennct n Mann n Hnrepe.
e
Foente ecrnnx nennct n PK.
f
Foente ecrnnx nennct n AP, PK n Cyane.
g
Foente ecrnnx nennct n A]ranncrane n Haxncrane.
h
B 2010 r. nocxa cneymmnx crpan npnnnmann yuacrne n mexynapono xoannnnn: An-
crpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Anannx, Apmennx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Focnnx n Iepneronn-
na, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Ipysnx, annx, Hopannx, Hpnannx, Hcnan-
nx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, Harnnx, Maxeonnx (Ftnmax Rrocnancxax
Pecnynnxa), Manasnx, Monronnx, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, OA3, Hontma,
Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnnranyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Bnennx, Typnnx, Yxpanna,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 3cronnx, Rxnax Kopex.
i
Homnmo Haxncrana oente ecrnnx nennct n A]ranncrane.
j
Homnmo Typnnn oente ecrnnx nennct n Hpaxe.
vs Hpornn
Hcmo:uur: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset, <http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 74
Hnrepnannonannsnponannte nnyrpnrocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt cra-
nonxrcx nce onee pacnpocrpanenntm xnnennem. Hx, naunnax c 2001 r., mox-
no pasennrt na ne ontmne rpynnt: (a) xon]nnxrt, cnxsannte c rnoant-
no nono c reppopnsmom, oxnnenno CBA, raxne, xax nont n A]ra-
nncrane n Hpaxe n xon]nnxr CBA c Ant-Kano; (b) cnyuan nmemarent-
crna npannrentcrna xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna no nnyrpennne xon]nnxrt
cocennx crpan. Cma moxno ornecrn xon]nnxr mexy Hnne n ]paxnne
Kxannanr Hannonantno-connanncrnuecxoro conera Haranena (HCCH-K), n xoe
xoroporo nnncxoe npannrentcrno nonyuano noepxxy cocene Mtxnmt,
a raxxe xon]nnxr mexy npannrentcrnom Anront n Hannonantntm comsom
sa nonnym nesanncnmocrt Anront, YHHTA (nopr. Unio Nacional para a Indepen-
dncia Total de Angola, UNITA), n xoe xoropo na cropone npannrentcrna nt-
crynann nocxa Hamnnn.


Tannna 2.3. Boopyaennme xonqnnx1m no nn1encnnnoc1n, 1nny n pernony,
20012010 rr.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Bcero 36 32 30 32 32 33 35 37 36 30
Humeucueuocmi
Menxne noopyxen- 26 26 25 25 27 28 31 32 30 26
nte xon]nnxrt
Bona 10 6 5 7 5 5 4 5 6 4
Tun
Mexrocyapcrnennte 1 1 2 1
Bnyrpnrocyapcrnennte 30 28 26 28 26 27 30 30 28 21
Hnrepnannonann-
snponannte nnyrpn-
rocyapcrnennte 5 3 2 4 6 6 5 6 8 9
Peeuou
A]pnxa 15 15 10 10 7 10 12 13 12 9
Amepnxa 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3
Asnx n Oxeannx 14 12 15 14 16 15 14 15 15 12
Enpona 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1
Fnnxnn Bocrox 3 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 5 5



Hs 69 axrnnntx noopyxenntx xon]nnxron n 20012010 rr. 27 (nnn 39%)
tnn sa]nxcnponant n A]pnxe, 25 n Asnn (36%), nocemt na Fnnxnem Boc-
roxe (12%), nxrt n Enpone (7%) n uertpe na amepnxancxom xonrnnenre (6%).
3ro coornomenne coxpanxnoct npaxrnuecxn nensmenntm n reuenne yxasan-
noro ecxrnnernx (cm. ran. 2.3), xorx c 2003 r. Asnx crana pernonom, na xo-
ropt npnxonnoct ontmnncrno noopyxenntx xon]nnxron npn pesxom co-
xpamennn nx uncna n A]pnxe. 3a ecxrnnerne xonnuecrno non na a]pnxan-
cxom xonrnnenre coxparnnoct c nxrn o ono, a uncno nornmnx n xoe
oentx ecrnn cnnsnnoct c onee uem 10 000 n 2001 r. o menee uem 4000 n
2010 r. 3ra renennnx oxcnxnact rem, uro sanepmnnnct nont n Anrone,
Fypynn n Hnepnn, a macmrat xon]nnxron n Anxnpe, Cyane, Yrane n
uae snaunrentno coxparnnnct.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 75
B Enpone n Asnn raxxe nponsomno cnnxenne uncna xon]nnxron, no ono
tno neontmnm no cpannennm c A]pnxo. Ecnn n Enpone coxpamenne xo-
nnuecrna xon]nnxron conponoxanoct ymentmennem uncna nornmnx n xoe
oentx ecrnn, n Asnn cnryannx tna npxmo npornnononoxno. Hocne
cnnxennx uncna oentx norept n nepnte rot paccmarpnnaemoro ecxrnne-
rnx omn noxasarent nauan ynennunnartcx n 2006 r. n x 2010 r. cocrannn o-
nee 12 700 nornmnx. 3a +ro nn]po cronr +cxanannx xon]nnxron n A]ra-
nncrane n Haxncrane.
B npornnononoxnocrt raxo renennnn n Amepnxe n na Fnnxnem Boc-
roxe xonnuecrno noopyxenntx xon]nnxron nospocno. Ha Fnnxnem Bocroxe
uncno xeprn oentx ecrnn raxxe ynennunnoct nourn n 4 pasa c 400 o
onee uem 1600. B Amepnxe, nanpornn, +ror noxasarent cnnsnncx c npnmep-
no 2700 o uyrt onee 700. Fes yuera reppopncrnuecxo araxn Ant-Kant
na CBA n 2001 r. +ro cnnxenne nponsomno n ocnonnom sa cuer e+cxanannn
xon]nnxra n Konymnn.


Herocyapc1nennme xonqnnx1m

Herocyapcrnennt xon]nnxr onpeenxercx xax npnmenenne noopyxen-
ntx cnn mexy nymx oprannsonanntmn rpynnamn (npn +rom nn ona ns nnx
ne xnnxercx npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna), n xoe xoroporo uncno
nornmnx na none ox cocrannno no xpane mepe 25 uenonex sa xanenap-
nt ro. Ho yponnm oprannsannn yuacrnymmnx rpynn nerocyapcrnennte
xon]nnxrt enxrcx na rpn nornna: (a) xon]nnxrt mexy ]opmantno opra-
nnsonanntmn cyexramn, raxnmn xax noncranuecxne rpynnt; (b) xon]nnxrt
mexy ne]opmantno oprannsonanntmn croponnnxamn n npnnepxennamn no-
nnrnuecxnx naprn n xannaron; (c) xon]nnxrt mexy neo]nnnantno opra-
nnsonanntmn rpynnamn, cnoxnnmnmncx no +rnnuecxomy, xnanonomy, penn-
rnosnomy, nannonantnomy nnn nnemennomy npnsnaxam. Taxnm opasom, x ne-
rocyapcrnenntm xon]nnxram ornocnrcx mnpoxn cnexrp ]opm nacnnnx,
xoropte, xax npannno, ceptesno nnnxmr na xnsnt otuntx nme, no uacro
nmemr mentmee snauenne nx mexynapontx ornomenn, uem noopyxen-
nte xon]nnxrt. Hanpnmep, x +ro xareropnn ornocxrcx xon]nnxrt mexy
ntcoxooprannsonanntmn rpynnamn, raxnmn xax xonymncxax noennsnpo-
nannax rpynna Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (Oennennte cnnt camo-
oopont Konymnn, OCCK), neymax opty c noncranuecxo rpynnnponxo
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Penonmnnonnte noopyxennte
cnnt Konymnn, PBCK), a raxxe xon]nnxrt mexy +rnnuecxnmn omnnamn
n paone A]pnxancxoro Pora, nanpnmep, mexy nnemenamn apn n mypcn na
mro-nocroxe 3]nonnn.
C 2001 no 2010 r. n mnpe n ome cnoxnocrn nacunrtnancx 221 nerocy-
apcrnennt xon]nnxr, ns nnx 26 tnn axrnnnt n 2010 r. (cm. ran. 2.4). 3a
yxasannoe ecxrnnerne nanmanoct cnnxenne uncna axrnnntx nerocyapcr-
nenntx xon]nnxron, no, xax n n cnyuae c noopyxenntmn xon]nnxramn, +ro
cnnxenne ne tno pannomepntm (cm. ran. 2.5).


BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 76
Tannna 2.4. Herocyapc1nennme xonqnnx1m n 2010 r.
nx nonyuennx onee nopono nn]opmannn o onpeenennn ncnontsyemtx rep-
mnnon cm. pasen Hcrounnxn n merot nnxe.
Ouar
a
C1opona A C1opona B
Yponent
oprannsannn
b

Io
nauana
c

Ho1epn
n
2010 r.
Hsuenennn
c 2009 r.
d

Aqpura
Hnrepnx Anaryra, A]ncape, uynann, Xayca 3 2001 555 . .
Fnpom
Hnrepnx Fnpom uynann 3 2010 150 . .
Hnrepnx Foxe Hcaon 3 2010 30 . .
Comann Ant-Baa Xnsyn-ncnam 1 2009 88
Comann Axnm cynna Ant-Baa 1 2008 202
nant-xamaa
Comann Axnm cynna Xnsyn-ncnam 1 2010 45 . .
nant-xamaa
Comann Cnnt Bexa Comanncxoe 1 2010 109 . .
Moxamea Cana rocyapcrno
Aroma Hynrnen
Comann Hoxnan Cyneman Hoxnan Kyn 3 2010 88 . .
xnana Xaap (np)
Innp (Xanne)
Cyan Aryor nnxa Cnex nnxa 3 2010 27 . .
Cyan nnxa Hyep 3 1997 228 . .
Cyan Iox nnxa Pex nnxa 3 2010 28 . .
Cyan Mnccepnx Pnsserar Farrapa 3 2008 342 +
A+epura
Ionypac Mapa 18 Mapa cantnarpyua 1 2010 49 . .
(Ionypac) (Ionypac)
Ionypac, Kaprent Iont]o Kaprent Cnnanoa 1 2004 40
Mexcnxa
Mexcnxa Kaprent Feprpan- Kaprent Feprpan- 1 2010 182 . .
Hena Hena, ]paxnnx
Bantec Bnntx-
peant
Mexcnxa Kaprent Iont]o Hoc-Cerac 1 2010 412 . .
Mexcnxa Kaprent Xyapec Kaprent Cnnanoa 1 2008 2515 ++
Mexcnxa Hoc-Cerac Kaprent Cnnanoa 1 2010 29 . .
Mexcnxa Kaprent Tnxyana Kaprent Tnxyana, 1 2008 54 +
]paxnnx 3nt Teo
Asu
A]ranncran Xns-n-Hcnamn Tannan 1 1994 99 . .
A]ranncran
Ktprtscran Knprnst Ysexn 3 1990 45 . .
(Ktprtscran) (Ktprtscran)
Haxncran Hamxap-n-Hcnam TTH 1 2010 63 . .
(Apmnx ncnama)
Haxncran TTH, ]paxnnx TTH, ]paxnnx 1 2010 74 . .
Momnn A]pnn Tapnx A]pnn
Haxncran TTH, ]paxnnx TTH, ]paxnnx 1 2010 80 . .
Mynna Pa]nx Mynna Ty]an
Haxncran Hnemx Fanram Hnemx Manran 3 2010 200 . .
B.u+uu Bocmor
Hemen Ant Baa ant Ant-Kana na 1 2010 26 . .
mymnn (Bepy- Apanncxom nony-
mmax monoext) ocrpone (AKAH)
TTH = Texpnx-n-Tannan Haxncran (nnxenne rannon Haxncrana)
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 77
a
Ouar osnauaer rocyapcrno mecro neennx oentx ecrnn.
b
Yponent oprannsannn: 1 = ]opmantno oprannsonannte rpynnnponxn; 2 = ne]opmantnte
rpynnt croponnnxon; 3= ne]opmantno oprannsonannte +rnnuecxne nnn pennrnosnte
rpynnnponxn. Hoponee cm. Hcrounnxn n merot.
c
Io nauana nepnt ro (naunnax c 1988 r.), xora uncno xeprn xon]nnxra ocrnrno
25 uenonex sa xanenapnt ro.

d
Hsmenennx c 2009 r. npecrannxer coo ynennuenne nnn ymentmenne uncna nornmnx
na none ox n 2010 r. no cpannennm c uncnom nornmnx na none ox n 2009 r. Cnmnont osna-
uamr cneymmne nsmenennx: + + = pocr uncna nornmnx na none ox one uem na 50%; + =
pocr uncna nornmnx na none ox onee uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; 0 = cranntnoe
uncno nornmnx na none ox (or 10 o +10%); = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox
onee uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox o-
nee uem na 50%;.. = annt xon]nnxr ne nonaan no xareropnm axrnnntx n 2009 r.
Hcmo:uur: UCDP Non-state Conflict Dataset, <http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/>.


B ro xe npemx cpenn noxasarent uncna xeprn nerocyapcrnenntx
xon]nnxron samerno ynennunncx (cm. pnc. 2.3). B ro npemx xax n 31 xon]nnx-
re axrnnnom n 2001 r. nornno uyrt onee 2800 uenonex (n cpenem 91 xeprna
na xon]nnxr), 26 xon]nnxron n 2010 r. npnnenn x rnenn 5700 uenonex (n
cpenem 222 nornmnx na xon]nnxr). ecrnnrentno, nnamnxa nsmenennx
xonnuecrna xon]nnxron pexo coornercrnonana n +ror nepno nnamnxe ns-
menennx uncna xeprn. Hanonee xpxo +ro nnnmcrpnpyer ynennuenne na 135
uenonex cpenero uncna nornmnx n xon]nnxre mexy 2008 n 2010 rr. 3ra
nn]pa nectma snaunrentna nx nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron npn +rom
uncno camnx xon]nnxron coxparnnoct na enxrt. 3naunrentnt pocr uncna
xeprn tn n ocnonnom oycnonnen pesxo +cxananne xon]nnxra mexy xap-
renxmn Xyapec n Cnnanoa n Mexcnxe
6
.
Hanonee pacnpocrpanenntm rnnom nerocyapcrnennoro xon]nnxra n
20012010 rr. cran xon]nnxr mexy +rnnuecxnmn nnn pennrnosntmn omn-
namn. Ha cuery raxnx rpynn 133 ns 221 nerocyapcrnennoro xon]nnxra
(60%). 80 xon]nnxron (36%) nennct mexy ]opmantno oprannsonanntmn
rpynnnponxamn, raxnmn xax noncranuecxne rpynnt nnn orpxt noopyxenno-
ro ononuennx. Kon]nnxrt mexy croponnnxamn n npnnepxennamn nonnrn-
uecxnx naprn n xannaron tnn pexocrtm: n reuenne ncero nepnoa tno
saperncrpnponano ncero nocemt (3%) noontx xon]nnxron
7
. Hanmenee pac-

6
O cnoxnocrxx xareropnsannn nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron n Mexcnxe cm. crartm o
Mexcnxe n 3nnnxnonenn xon]nnxron YHK (UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia), <http://www.
ucdp.uu.se/database/>.
7
Cneyer ormernrt, onaxo, uro pasnnunte nnt nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron no-
rennnantno moryr npecexartcx. Hanpnmep, no mnornx crpanax croponnnxn pasnnuntx nonn-
rnuecxnx naprn, nourn ncera xnnxmrcx unenamn onpeenenno +rnnuecxo rpynnt. Bo
npemx nsnparentno xamnannn +rn rpynnt monnnsonant no nonnrnuecxnmn snamenamn, n
ro npemx xax n ocrantnoe npemx onn ntcrynamr n xon]nnxrax n xauecrne +rnnuecxo rpynnt.
nx roro urot ocymecrnnxrt +]]exrnnnt ananns n cnenrt sa pasnnrnem xon]nnxra, axe
ecnn n pasnte rot on nmeer pasnnunte ]opmt, YHK npnmenxer cneymmee npannno: ecnn
n onpeenennt ro ]nxcnpyercx xon]nnxr mexy nymx +rnnuecxnmn rpynnamn n +rn xe
+rnnuecxne rpynnt yuacrnymr n oentx ecrnnxx no nonnrnuecxnm mornnam (r. e. xax cro-
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 78
npocrpanenntm cpen rpex noxareropn sa nce rot nccneyemoro nepnoa
tnn nerocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt c yuacrnem ne]opmantntx rpynn cro-
ponnnxon.
Ouarn noannxmmero ontmnncrna nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron n
20012010 rr. tnn pacnonoxent n A]pnxe (cm. ran. 2.5). Fontmnncrno ne-
rocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron na A]pnxancxom xonrnnenre tnn cocpeoro-
uent n necxontxnx crpanax. Hs 169 nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron n A]pn-
xe, axrnnntx n yxasannoe ecxrnnerne, 130 (77%) nennct n Kennn, Hnrepnn,
Comann, Cyane n 3]nonnn.


Tannna 2.5. Herocyapc1nennmn xonqnnx1 no noxa1eropnnu n pernonau,
20012010 rr.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Bcero 31 35 37 26 29 27 18 35 26 26
Hoorameeopu
uopmantno oprannso- 7 13 16 13 11 7 10 13 9 16
nannte rpynnnponxn
He]opmantnte rpynnt 2 1 3 1 1 2 1
croponnnxon
He]opmantno oprannso- 22 21 18 12 18 19 8 20 16 10
nannte +rnnuecxne nnn
pennrnosnte rpynnt
Peeuou
A]pnxa 23 30 32 20 22 21 10 23 18 12
Asnx n Oxeannx 4 2 2 2 4 5 5 8 5 6
Amepnxa 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 7
Enpona
Fnnxnn Bocrox 1 1 1 1 3 1 1


Cymecrnymr uerxne pasnnunx n rnnax nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron,
xapaxrepntx nx pasntx pernonon. A]pnxa xnnxercx enncrnenntm perno-
nom, re n ontmnncrne nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron yuacrnymr +rnnue-
cxne nnn pennrnosnte omnnt (cm. pnc. 2.4). Bo ncex pyrnx pernonax, ont-
mnncrno xon]nnxron nennct mexy ]opmantno oprannsonanntmn rpynnamn;
na Fnnxnem Bocroxe +ra xareropnx cocrannna 100% ncex nerocyapcrnenntx
xon]nnxron.
Xorx ontmnncrno xeprn nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron npnmnoct na
A]pnxy, no noxasarenm cpenero xonnuecrna cmepre na xon]nnxr (141) a]-
pnxancxn xonrnnenr tn onnm ns nocnennx no ncem mnpe. B +rom ner nn-
uero ynnnrentnoro, rax xax croponamn n ontmnncrne nerocyapcrnenntx
xon]nnxron n A]pnxe ntcrynann ne]opmantno oprannsonannte rpynnt, ra-
xne xax +rnnuecxne nnn pennrnosnte omnnt, xoropte ne n cocroxnnn mo-
nnnsonart pecypct rax +]]exrnnno, xax ]opmantno oprannsonannte rpyn-
nt noncrannen nnn orpxt noopyxennoro ononuennx. B pesyntrare cpenee

ponnnxn ono ns naprn) n pyro ro, ro nce rot xon]nnxra perncrpnpymrcx xax uacrt
onoro +rnnuecxoro xon]nnxra.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 79
uncno cmeprentntx cnyuaen n xon]nnxrax mexy ]opmantno oprannsonan-
ntmn rpynnamn ntme, uem mexy ne]opmantno oprannsonanntmn.




















Pnc. 2.3. Cpenee uncno aep1n n nerocyapc1nennmx xonqnnx1ax, 20012010 rr.





















Pnc. 2.4. Hoxa1eropnn nerocyapc1nennmx xonqnnx1on no pernonau, 20012010 rr.

BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 80
Tannna 2.6. Onoc1oponnee nacnnne n 2010 r.
nx nonyuennx onee nopono nn]opmannn o onpeenennn ncnontsyemtx rep-
mnnon cm. pasen Hcrounnxn n merot nnxe.
Ouar
a
Yuac1nnxn
Io
nauana
b

ep1nm,
2010 r.
Hsuenennn
c 2009 r.
c

Aqpura
PK Antxnc emoxparnuecxnx cnn (AC) 1997 38 . .
PK Forces democratiques de liberation du Rwanda 1996 68
(emoxparnuecxne cnnt sa ocnooxenne
Pyant, COP)
PK Man-man 2010 27 . .
PK, HAP, Apmnx conpornnnennx Iocnoa (ACI) 1989 430
Cyan
Comann Ant-Baa 2008 88 . .
Cyan xanxann 2001 41 . .
A+epura
Konymnx Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia 1994 29 0
(Penonmnnonnte noopyxennte cnnt Konym-
nn, PBCK)
Mexcnxa Hoc-Cerac 2010 86 . .
Asu
A]ranncran Tannan 2004 190 +
Hnnx Kommynncrnuecxax naprnx Hnnn (maoncr- 2005 337 ++
cxax) (KHH (maoncrcxax)/Haxcannrt)
Hnnx Hannonantnt emoxparnuecxn ]ponr 2010 25 . .
Foonena upaxnnx Panxan am+pn
(HuFP)
Mtxnma Hpannrentcrno Mtxnmt 1992 27 . .
Haxncran Apmnx ocnooxennx Fenyxncrana (AOF) 2010 33 . .
Haxncran Hamxap-n-xanrnn (Apmnx xanrnn) 1998 167 . .
Haxncran Texpnx-n-Tannan Haxncran, TTH 2007 549 ++
(nnxenne rannon Haxncrana)
Tannan Foennxn-cenaparncrt nponnnnnn Harrann 2004 135 +
B.u+uu Bocmor
Hpax annar ant-Hpax Ant-Hcnamnx (Hcnamcxoe 2004 707 +
Iocyapcrno Hpax, HIH)
Eepona
Poccnx Cnnt Kanxascxoro +mnpara 2010 57 . .

HAP = Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa; PK = emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa Konro.
a
Ouar oosnauaer rocyapcrno, na reppnropnn xoroporo sa]nxcnponano npnmenenne
onocroponnero nacnnnx.
b
Io nauana nepnt ro (naunnax c 1988 r.), xora uncno xeprn onocroponnero na-
cnnnx ocrnrno 25 uenonex sa xanenapnt ro.
c
Hsmenennx c 2009 r. npecrannxer coo ynennuenne nnn ymentmenne uncna norn-
mnx na none ox n 2010 r. no cpannennm c uncnom nornmnx na none ox n 2009 r. Cnmnont osna-
uamr cneymmne nsmenennx: + + = pocr uncna nornmnx na none ox one uem na 50%; + = pocr
uncna nornmnx na none ox onee uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; 0 = cranntnoe uncno
nornmnx na none ox (or 10 o +10%); = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox onee
uem na 10%, no menee uem na 50%; = ymentmenne uncna nornmnx na none ox onee uem
na 50%;.. = annt xon]nnxr ne nonaan no xareropnm axrnnntx n 2009 r.
Hcmo:uur: UCDP One-sided Violence Dataset, <http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/>.

BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 81
Amepnxancxn xonrnnenr xnnxercx onnm ns pernonon c ntcoxo one
nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron mexy ]opmantno oprannsonanntmn rpyn-
namn (cm. ran. 2.4). B coornercrnnn c nsnoxenno ntme nornxo +ro raxxe
pernon c camtm ntcoxnm cpennm uncnom nme, nornmnx n nerocyapcr-
nenntx xon]nnxrax (472 cmeprentntx cnyuax na xon]nnxr). Fontmnncrno
xon]nnxron n Amepnxe neyrcx mexy noncranuecxnmn rpynnnponxamn n
noxntntmn npannrentcrny orpxamn noopyxennoro ononuennx (nanpnmep,
mexy xonymncxo noncranuecxo rpynno PBCK n nponpannrentcrnen-
ntmn OCCK), conepnnuammnmn xpnmnnantntmn rpynnnponxamn (nanpnmep,
mexy Kpacno xomano n Tperte xomano n Fpasnnnn) nnn napxo-
xaprenxmn (nanpnmep, mexy xaprenxmn Xyapeca n Cnnanoa n Mexcnxe).


Onoc1oponnee nacnnne

Onocroponnee nacnnne onpeenxercx xax npnmenenne noopyxenno
cnnt npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna nnn ]opmantno oprannsonan-
no rpynno n ornomennn neoprannsonanntx rpaxancxnx nnn, pesyntrarom
xoroporo cranonnrcx rnent no mentme mepe 25 uenonex. Iocyapcrno nnn
rpynna, ecrnnx xoroptx npnnenn x rnenn 25 nnn onee esopyxntx rpax-
ancxnx nnn n reuenne xanenapnoro roa, onpeenxmrcx n cncreme anntx
YHK xax onocroponnn axrop. Kareropnx onocroponnero nacnnnx
nxnmuaer camte pasnoopasnte cnryannn: or exenenntx menxnx nanae-
nn, raxnx xax npaxrnxyer cenerantcxax noncranuecxax rpynna Mouvement
des forces dmocratiques de Casamance (nnxenne emoxparnuecxnx cnn Ka-
samanca, CK) npornn xnrene pernona Kasamanc, o xpynnomacmrantx
arax, raxnx xax renonn n Pyane n 1994 r.

Tannna 2.7. Onoc1oponnee nacnnne no yuac1nnxau n pernonau, 20012010 rr.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Bcero 30 46 42 44 33 31 28 27 19 18
V:acmuuru
Herocyapcrnennte
axropt 21 33 30 33 22 19 18 20 15 17
Iocyapcrnennte
axropt 9 13 12 11 11 12 10 7 4 1
Peeuou
A]pnxa 12 25 23 18 12 10 15 14 8 6
Asnx n Oxeannx 10 14 13 13 9 15 10 10 7 8
Amepnxa 4 2 1 3 4 1 2 1 2
Enpona 1 1 1 3 1
Fnnxnn Bocrox 3 4 4 7 8 5 3 1 3 1


B ome cnoxnocrn 127 onocroponnnx axropon tnn saperncrpnpona-
nt n 20012010 rr., ns xoroptx 18 tnn axrnnnt n 2010 r. (cm. ran. 2.6).
Omee uncno cyexron, utn nacnntcrnennte ecrnnx tnn nanpannent
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 82
npornn rpaxancxnx nnn, sa ecxrnnerne snaunrentno coxparnnoct: c 30 n
2001 r. o 18 n 2010 r., nnx nx pocra (46) npnmencx na 2002 r. (cm. ran. 2.7).
Coxpamenne uncna axropon, npnmenxmmnx nacnnne npornn rpaxan-
cxnx nnn, n reuenne yxasannoro ecxrnnernx conponoxanoct cnnxennem
uncna xeprn (cm. ran. 2.5). Pocr uncna nornmnx n 20012002 rr. (c npnmep-
no 6000 o onee uem 10 000) tn n snaunrentno crenenn cnxsan c pesxnm
ynennuennem uncna onocroponnnx axropon (c 30 o 46). C 2002 no 2008 r.
exeronoe uncno nornmnx nenpeptnno ymentmanoct. Mexy 2004 n 2005 r.
+ror noxasarent cnnsnncx na 45% oruacrn ns-sa coxpamennx macmraon o-
nocroponnero nacnnnx, npnmenxemoro npannrentcrnom Cyana n orpxamn
noopyxennoro ononuennx xanxann. uncno xeprn nnont nospocno n
2009 r., rax xax n Henrpantno A]pnxe emoxparnuecxne cnnt ocnooxe-
nnx Pyant n Apmnx conpornnnennx Iocnoa axrnnnsnponann cnon xamna-
nnn, nanpannennte npornn mnpnoro nacenennx.
Kax n nx xareropnn nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron, onncanno ntme,
nnamnxa nsmenennx uncna xeprn moxer ornnuartcx or nnamnxn nsmenennx
xonnuecrna axropon. Hanpnmep, ecnn uncno cyexron onocroponnero nacn-
nnx cnnsnnoct c 27 o 19 c 2008 no 2009 r., ro uncno xeprn raxoro nacnnnx
nospocno c npnnnsnrentno 3500 o nourn 5700. Taxoe pesxoe ynennuenne
uacro tnaer ntsnano ecrnnxmn onoro axropa.
Herocyapcrnennte rpynnt nanonee uacro oxastnamrcx nnnonntmn n
ncnontsonannn onocroponnero nacnnnx. C 2001 no 2010 r. n xauecrne ono-
croponnnx axropon tno saperncrpnponano ontme nerocyapcrnenntx, ne-
xenn rocyapcrnenntx cyexron (cm. ran. 2.7). B nenom sa +ror nepno 95
ns 127 onocroponnnx axropon tnn noncranuecxne rpynnnponxn nnn orpx-
t noopyxennoro ononuennx. Orentnte rocyapcrnennte axropt moryr
crart npnunno ontmoro uncna xeprn (nanpnmep, npannrentcrno Cyana n
2003 n 2004 rr.), onaxo nerocyapcrnennte axropt tnn ornercrnennt sa
ontmee uncno nornmnx rpaxancxnx nnn, nexenn rocyapcrnennte n xax-
t orentno nsxrt xanenapnt ro paccmarpnnaemoro ecxrnnernx
(cm. pnc. 2.5). Fontme ncero xeprn cpen mnpnoro nacenennx exerono c 2001
no 2010 r. npnxonrcx na onm Ant-Kant, ee reppopncrnuecxax axnnx n
Htm-Hopxe n 2001 r. oepnynact rnentm onee 2700 rpaxancxnx nnn; npa-
nnrentcrna Cyana, utx araxa na ap]yp npnnena x rnenn onee 2500 ueno-
nex; n npaxcxax noncranuecxax rpynnnponxa annar ant-Hpax Ant-
Hcnamnx (Hcnamcxoe Iocyapcrno Hpax, HIH), n pesyntrare ecrnn xoro-
po nornnn nourn 2000 uenonex n 2007 r.
8
Hourn nononnna axropon, npnmenxnmnx nacnnne npornn rpaxancxnx nnn
n 20012010 rr., naxonnnct n A]pnxe (60 ns 127), anee cneymr Asnx (39),
Fnnxnn Bocrox (14), Cenepnax n Rxnax Amepnxa (9) n Enpona (5). Ha nporx-
xennn nourn ncero yxasannoro nepnoa A]pnxa sannmana nepnoe mecro no un-
cny onocroponnnx cyexron, xpome rex nyx ner, xora Asnx oornana ee no
+romy noxasarenm (cm. ran. 2.7). A]pnxancxn xonrnnenr raxxe nnnponan

8
Xorx cepnx arax na CBA 11 cenrxpx 2001 r. npnnena x uenoneuecxnm xeprnam raxxe n
mr. Hencnntnannx n cronnne crpant Bamnnrrone, nnmt araxn na Htm-Hopx tnn nanpanne-
nt nenocpecrnenno npornn rpaxancxnx nene n noromy moryr cunrartcx axrom onocro-
ponnero nacnnnx.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 83


















Pnc. 2.5. ep1nm onoc1oponnero nacnnnn no 1nny yuac1nnxon, 20012010 rr.


no uncny xeprn onocroponnero nacnnnx n reuenne mecrn ner, ncxnmuenne
cocrannnn 2001, 2006, 2007 n 2010 rr. Camt ntcoxn yponent onocropon-
nero nacnnnx n 2001 r. tn ormeuen n Amepnxe n pesyntrare araxn Ant-
Kant na CBA. B 2006 n 2010 rr. na nepnoe mecro no +romy noxasarenm
ntmna Asnx, no +ro oycnonnnnanoct n ontme crenenn cnnxennem yponnx
nacnnnx n A]pnxe, nexenn ero ynennuennem n Asnn, re yponent nacnnnx
ocranancx ornocnrentno cranntntm no cpannennm c npetymnmn roamn.
Haxonen, n 2007 r. onocroponnee nacnnne ocrnrno cnoero nnxa na Fnnxnem
Bocroxe n pesyntrare axrnnnsannn rpynnnponxn HIH, xoropax nce uame nc-
nontsonana mnnnponanne ensoaxon anromonne nx conepmennx arax rep-
popncramn-cmeprnnxamn, uro npnnonno x mnorouncnenntm xeprnam.


Oprannsonannoe nacnnne: cpannenne

Tpn rnna oprannsonannoro nacnnnx, onncannte n annom pasene, pas-
nnunt n rom, uro xacaercx nnamnxn, no ecrt necxontxo naxntx acnexron,
xoropte nx oennxmr.
Bo-nepntx, cymecrnyer recnax nsanmocnxst mexy noopyxenntmn xon-
]nnxramn n onocroponnnm nacnnnem: 125 ns 127 onocroponnnx axropon n
20012010 rr. ecrnonann n crpanax, xoropte n ro nnn nnoe npemx (naunnax
c 1946 r.) nocrpaann or noopyxenntx xon]nnxron
9
. Ocranmnecx na ono-
croponnnx axropa tnn axrnnnt rontxo n nyx crpanax Fpasnnnn n Iaane.
ne rpern onocroponnnx axropon tnn raxxe saperncrpnponant n xauecrne

9
Coornercrnymmax nn]pa nx crpan, re nmenn mecro noopyxennte xon]nnxrt n 2001
2010 rr., cocrannxer 116 onocroponnnx axropon.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 84
ono ns cropon n noopyxennom xon]nnxre. Hanpnmep, ACI ononpemenno
nena noopyxennym opty npornn npannrentcrna Yrant n ncnontsonana na-
cnnne n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn. B nenom annte noxastnamr, uro o-
nocroponnee nacnnne n ontmnncrne cnyuaen nmeer mecro n ycnonnxx noo-
pyxennoro xon]nnxra. Hpnmenenne nacnnnx npornn mnpnoro nacenennx mo-
xer trt axe ncnontsonano xax raxrnxa n xon]nnxre, nnn xe n xoe
noopyxennoro xon]nnxra moryr cnoxnrtcx ycnonnx nx renonna
10
. Mnorne
paort no reme xon]nnxron ne enamr pasnnunx mexy rnentm na none ox
n cmeprtm n pesyntrare onocroponnero nacnnnx, ncnontsyx conoxynnte an-
nte o norepxx. Mero YHK, ntenxmmn +rn na xnnennx n orentnte xa-
reropnn, nosnonxer nonxrt nx nnamnxy n, c rouxn spennx npaxrnxn ynpan-
nennx n paspemennx xon]nnxron, emoncrpnpyer neoxonmocrt npnmenennx
pasnnuntx xonrpcrparern.
Bo-nroptx, nerocyapcrnennte xon]nnxrt cnxsant c noopyxenntmn
xon]nnxramn n onocroponnnm nacnnnem no xpane mepe n nyx ornome-
nnxx: onn uacro nponcxoxr n onnx n rex xe crpanax, n nnora n nnx yuacr-
nymr onn n re xe cyexrt. Connaenne reorpa]nuecxnx xoopnnar npax-
rnuecxn neantno: c 2001 no 2010 r. 189 ns 221 nerocyapcrnennoro xon-
]nnxra nponsomnn n crpanax, re raxxe nmenn mecro noopyxennte
xon]nnxrt nnn onocroponnee nacnnne n yxasannoe ecxrnnerne. ecrnn-
rentno, rontxo na nerocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxra n 20012010 rr. nennct n
crpanax, xoropte ne tnn apeno noopyxenntx xon]nnxron c 1946 r. nnn
onocroponnero nacnnnx c 1989 r.: xon]nnxr na maxe mexy npaxymmn-
mn croponnnxamn Heopncrcxo naprnn maxn n Hapono nannonantno
naprnn n xon]nnxr n Knprnsnn mexy xnprnsamn n ysexamn
11
. Kpome roro, n
47 ns 221 (21%) nerocyapcrnennoro xon]nnxra ono ns cropon ntcrynann
cyexrt, xoropte n onpeenennt momenr raxxe npnnnmann axrnnnoe yua-
crne n noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax nnn onocroponnem nacnnnn.
B-rpertnx, nce rpn rnna oprannsonannoro nacnnnx xnnxmrcx nanonee
pacnpocrpanenntmn n A]pnxe. B 20012010 rr. na nee npnxonnoct 76% ne-
rocyapcrnenntx xon]nnxron, 47% cnyuaen npnmenennx onocroponnero na-
cnnnx n 39% noopyxenntx xon]nnxron. Asnx no macmraam nacnnnx ncex
rpex xareropn sannmana nropoe mecro. Xorx neesocnonarentno tno t
npenonarart, uro nanonee pasnpaemtm xon]nnxramn pernonom oxaxercx
Fnnxnn Bocrox; cornacno crarncrnxe YHK, n 20012010 rr. ram tno sa-
]nxcnponano nnmt 11% noopyxenntx xon]nnxron, 3% nerocyapcrnenntx
xon]nnxron, n 11% cnyuaen npnmenennx onocroponnero nacnnnx.
Haxonen, samernoe pasnnune mexy rpemx xareropnxmn oprannsonanno-
ro nacnnnx npoxnnxercx n macmrae uenoneuecxnx norept. Boopyxennte xon-
]nnxrt, n xoroptx xorx t ono cropono ntcrynano npannrentcrno xaxo-

10
Hoxasarentntm npnmepom romy cnyxnr ACI. O ncnontsonannn ACI onocroponnero
nacnnnx n xauecrne raxrnxn n opte npornn npannrentcrna Yrant cm.: UCDP Conflict
Encyclopedia (cnocxa 92). O omnx ntnoax cm.: Wallensteen, P., Melander, E. and Mller, F.,
The international community response, eds. I. W. Zartman, M. Anstey and P. Meerts, The Slip-
pery Slope of Genocide: Reducing Identity Conflicts and Preventing Mass Murder (Oxford Uni-
versity Press: Oxford, 2012), pp. 280305.
11
annte YHK no noopyxenntm xon]nnxram c yuacrnem rocyapcrn naxonnent sa ne-
pno c 1946 r., annte o onocroponnem nacnnnn c 1989 r.
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 85
ro-nno rocyapcrna, npnnonnn x nanontmemy uncny xeprn xax na exero-
no ocnone, rax n sa nepno n nenom (cm. pnc. 2.6). Cpenee omee uncno no-
rnmnx n xaxom ns 69 noopyxenntx xon]nnxron pannxnoct nourn 3000 ue-
nonex npn coornercrnymmnx noxasarenxx n 160 uenonex nx nerocyapcrnen-
ntx xon]nnxron n 466 uenonex nx onocroponnero nacnnnx. Ouennno, uro
uem onee oprannsonant tnn cyexrt, yuacrnonanmne n npoxnnennn nacn-
nnn, rem onee cmepronocntm ono tno. Hocxontxy camtm rxxentm, c rouxn
spennx nmcxnx norept, xnnxercx oprannsonannoe nacnnne c yuacrnem rocy-
apcrnenntx axropon nnn ]opmantno oprannsonanntx nerocyapcrnenntx
cyexron, ro nmenno na nnx onxnt trt nanpannent ocnonnte ycnnnx no
cepxnnannm, npeynpexennm n yperynnponannm xon]nnxron.





















Pnc. 2.6. Ho1epn no xa1eropnnu oprannsonannoro nacnnnn, 20012010 rr.


Hc1ounnxn n ue1om

Onpeoe.euue eoopy+euuoeo rouq.urma

YHK onpeenxer noopyxennt xon]nnxr xax neenne optt mexy
noopyxenntmn cnnamn nyx cropon (no xpane mepe ona ns xoroptx xnnx-
ercx npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna) sa ycranonnenne xonrponx na
npannrentcrnom nnn reppnropne, n xoe xoropo na none ox n reuenne xa-
nenapnoro roa rnner xax mnnnmym 25 uenonex. Hpn +rom orentnte +ne-
menrt onpeenxmrcx cneymmnm opasom.
1. Fopta sa ycranonnenne xonrponx na npannrentcrnom nnn reppnro-
pne neercx na ocnonannn saxnnenntx (otuno neconmecrnmtx) nosnnn
cropon n xon]nnxre. Fopta sa ycranonnenne xonrponx na npannrentcrnom
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 86
neercx ns-sa neconmecrnmtx nosnnn n ornomennn rnna nonnrnuecxo cnc-
remt nnn cocrana npannrentcrna roro nnn nnoro rocyapcrna. Hpn +rom cpe-
n nene moxer trt raxxe cmena ecrnymmero npannrentcrna. Fopta sa
ycranonnenne xonrponx na reppnropne neercx ns-sa neconmecrnmtx nosn-
nn n ornomennn craryca xaxo-nno reppnropnn n moxer conponoxartcx
rpeonannxmn o orenennn nnn nonyuennn anronomnn (nnyrpnrocyapcrnen-
nt xon]nnxr). Ona moxer raxxe necrnct c nentm cmennrt rocyapcrno, xon-
rponnpymmee ry nnn nnym reppnropnm (mexrocyapcrnennt xon]nnxr).
2. Fopta mexy noopyxenntmn cnnamn cropon. Hpnmenenne noopyxen-
no cnnt noenntmn nopasenennxmn cropon n xon]nnxre c nentm ynyu-
mnrt omee nonoxenne n nocnenem. Opyxnem cunramrcx nmte marepn-
antnte cpecrna neennx ox, naunnax or opyxnx, nponsneennoro npomtm-
nenntm nyrem, n saxanunnax nanxamn, xamnxmn, ornem n noo.
3. Cropona. Hpannrentcrno xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna, nmo ero comsnnx,
onnosnnnonnax oprannsannx nnn xoannnnx onnosnnnonntx oprannsann.
Hpannrentcrno xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna cropona, xoropax, no omnm onenxam
(n rom uncne rex oprannsann, xoropte crpemxrcx saxnarnrt nnacrt), ocymecr-
nnxer nenrpantnoe ynpannenne. Ecnn +ror xpnrepn ne moxer trt npnmenen,
npannrentcrnom cunraercx ra cropona, xoropax xonrponnpyer cronnny rocyap-
crna. Onnosnnnonnax oprannsannx nmax nenpannrentcrnennax rpynnnpon-
xa, xoropax nynnuno saxnnna o cnoem nasnannn n cnonx nonnrnuecxnx nenxx
n ncnontsonana noopyxennym cnny nx nx ocrnxennx. Iocyapcrna nnn mno-
rocroponnne oprannsannn, oxastnammne noepxxy perynxpntmn nocxamn
ono ns ocnonntx cropon n xon]nnxre, raxxe orpaxamrcx n rannne n xaue-
crne cropon n xon]nnxre npn ycnonnn, uro onn pasenxmr nosnnnm ono ns
npornnoopcrnymmnx cropon. Yuacrnnxn rpannnonntx onepann no no-
epxannm mnpa ne cunramrcx croponamn n xon]nnxre, nocxontxy cxopee pac-
cmarpnnamrcx xax nenpensxrax cropona, xoropax yuacrnyer n mnpnom npo-
necce c cornacnx ncex nonneuenntx n xon]nnxr cropon.
4. Iocyapcrno. Mexynapono npnsnannoe cynepennoe npannrentcrno,
xonrponnpymmee onpeenennym reppnropnm, nnn ne npnsnannoe na mexy-
naponom yponne npannrentcrno, xonrponnpymmee onpeenennym reppnro-
pnm, cynepennrer xoroporo ne ocnapnnaercx xaxnm t ro nn tno mexyna-
pono npnsnanntm cynepenntm rocyapcrnom, panee xonrponnponanmnm
annym reppnropnm.
5. Hornmne na none ox. Hornmne nenocpecrnenno n pesyntrare e-
crnn nommmnx cropon: xax noennocnyxamne, nornmne na none ox, rax n
rpaxancxne, nonanmne no nepexpecrnt oront. YHK onpeenxer xon-
]nnxr, n pesyntrare xoroporo na none ox n reuenne xanenapnoro roa no-
rnno xax mnnnmym 25 uenonex, n xauecrne menxoro noopyxennoro xon]nnx-
ra. Kon]nnxr, n pesyntrare xoroporo n reuenne xanenapnoro roa na none ox
nornaer xax mnnnmym 1000 uenonex, xnaccn]nnnpyercx xax nona.


Onpeoe.euue ueeocyoapcmeeuuoeo rouq.urma

YHK onpeenxer nerocyapcrnennt xon]nnxr xax ncnontsonanne
noopyxenno cnnt nymx oprannsonanntmn noopyxenntmn rpynnnponxamn
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 87
(nn ona ns nnx ne xnnxercx npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna), n xo-
e xoropo na none ox n reuenne xanenapnoro roa nornno ne menee 25
uenonex. Hpn +rom orentnte +nemenrt onpeenxmrcx cneymmnm opasom.
1. Oprannsonannte rpynnnponxn. Pasnnuamr rpn yponnx oprannsannn.
uopmantno oprannsonannte rpynnnponxn (oprannsannonnt yponent 1) nxnm-
uamr noncranuecxne n npoune oprannsonannte rpynnnponxn, yponent opra-
nnsannn xoroptx ocrarouno ntcox nx roro, urot ornecrn nx x xareropnn
rocyapcrnennoro noopyxennoro xon]nnxra. 3ro noncranuecxne rpynnnpon-
xn c saxnnenntm nasnannem n noennte ]paxnnn nonnrnuecxnx naprn. He-
]opmantno oprannsonannte rpynnt croponnnxon (oprannsannonnt ypo-
nent 2), cocroxmne ns croponnnxon n npnnepxennen nonnrnuecxnx naprn n
xannaron. Otuno +rn rpynnt cnennantno ne oprannsonant nx neennx
oentx ecrnn, no nnora ncnontsymr cnom oprannsannonnym crpyxrypy
nx +ro nenn. He]opmantno oprannsonannte +rnnuecxne nnn pennrnosnte
rpynnt (oprannsannonnt yponent 3), oennennte ome nenrn]nxann-
e nx unenon na ocnonannn +rnnuecxnx, xnanontx, pennrnosntx, nannonant-
ntx nnn nnemenntx npnsnaxon. Onn nocroxnno ne oprannsonant nx nee-
nnx oentx ecrnn, no nnora camooprannsymrcx nx +ro nenn
2. Hornmne na none ox. Onpeenennx nornmnx na none ox pasnnua-
mrcx n sanncnmocrn or yponnx oprannsannn nommmnx cropon. Onpeenenne
nornmnx na none ox nx ]opmantno oprannsonanntx rpynn (oprannsann-
onnt yponent 1) orneuaer rem xe xpnrepnxm, uro n nx mexrocyapcrnenno-
ro noopyxennoro xon]nnxra, a nmenno: nommmne rpynnt onxnt ncnontso-
nart nacnnne npornn npecrannrene pyrnx ]opmantno oprannsonanntx
rpynn. Hacnnne npornn rpaxancxnx nnn, axe n rom cnyuae, nanpnmep, ecnn
onn npnnanexar ro xe +rnnuecxo rpynne, uro n npornnnax cropona, no-
naaer no xareropnm onocroponnero nacnnnx. nx ne]opmantno oprannso-
nanntx rpynn (oprannsannonnte yponnn 2 n 3) onpeenenne nornmnx na
none ox nxnmuaer raxxe xeprnt cpen rpaxancxnx n noenntx nnn n rom
cnyuae, ecnn ecrt renennnx nacnntcrnennoro (npnnoxmero x uenoneuecxnm
xeprnam) nsanmoecrnnx mexy rpynnamn, xaxax ns xoroptx ncnontsyer
nacrynarentnym raxrnxy.


Onpeoe.euue oouocmopouueeo uacu.u

YHK onpeenxer onocroponnee nacnnne xax npnmenenne noopyxen-
ntx cnn npannrentcrnom xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna nno ]opmantno oprann-
sonanno rpynnnponxo npornn rpaxancxnx nnn, n pesyntrare xoroporo sa
onn xanenapnt ro nornno xax mnnnmym 25 uenonex. Hs +roro onpeene-
nnx ncxnmuamrcx nnecyente xasnn saepxanntx. Hpn +rom orentnte
+nemenrt onpeenxmrcx cneymmnm opasom.
1. Hpnmenenne noopyxenno cnnt. Hpnmenenne opyxnx nx ocymecrn-
nennx nacnnnx, pesyntrarom xoroporo cranonxrcx uenoneuecxne xeprnt.
Opyxne +ro nmte marepnantnte cpecrna neennx ox, naunnax or opy-
xnx, nponsneennoro npomtmnenntm nyrem, n saxanunnax nanxamn, xamnx-
mn, ornem n noo.
2. Hpannrentcrno. Cm. ntme.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 88
3. Iocyapcrno. Cm. ntme.
4. uopmantno oprannsonannax rpynnnponxa. Hmax nenpannrentcrnen-
nax rpynnnponxa, xoropax nynnuno saxnnna o cnoem nasnannn n ncnontsyer
noopyxennym cnny. 3ror repmnn coornercrnyer onnosnnnonno oprannsa-
nnn, onpeenenno n xareropnn noopyxennoro xon]nnxra, n ]opmantno
oprannsonanno rpynnnponxe, onpeenenno n xareropnn nerocyapcrnen-
noro xon]nnxra.
5. Bnecyete xasnn saepxanntx. Yncrno saepxannoro nnna, co-
nepmennoe npannrentcrnom rocyapcrna, conepmnnmero saepxanne. 3aep-
xannoe nnno onpeenxercx xax nnno, naxoxmeecx no apecrom n rmptme nnn
nmom pyrom rocyapcrnennom saneennn.


Hcmo:uuru

Hpecrannennte sect annte ocnonant na nn]opmannn, nsxro ns
mnpoxoro naopa orxptrtx ncrounnxon xax neuarntx, rax n +nexrponntx.
Hcrounnxn nxnmuamr nn]opmannonnte arenrcrna, rasert, nayunte xypna-
nt, nayuno-nccneonarentcxne oruert n oxymenrt mexynapontx n
rpancnannonantntx oprannsann n nenpannrentcrnenntx oprannsann
(HHO). Hpn cope anntx o nenxx n saauax cropon n xon]nnxre yunrtna-
mrcx oxymenrt npornnoopcrnymmnx cropon (npannrentcrn, comsnnxon n
onnosnnnonntx oprannsann), a raxxe, x npnmepy, nn]opmannx nnrepner-
caron noncranuecxnx rpynn.
Ocnony copa anntx cocrannxmr nesanncnmte nonocrnte ncrounnxn,
rmarentno ornpaemte n reuenne pxa ner. Hn]opmannonnax cncrema mnpo-
ntx nonocre uaxrnna (Factiva) nesamennma nx copa nonocre ome
remarnxn. Ona coepxnr onee 25 000 ncrounnxon na 22 xstxax ns 159 crpan
n oxnartnaer CMH ncex rpex xnmuentx yponne: mexynaponte (nanpn-
mep, arenrcrna upanc Hpecc n Perep), pernonantnte n mecrnte.
YHK rmarentno anannsnpyer n nepecmarpnnaer ntop n coueranne nc-
rounnxon na perynxpno ocnone nx roro, urot noepxnnart ntcoxn ypo-
nent naexnocrn n conocrannmocrn anntx mexy pernonamn n crpanamn.
Onnm ns naxntx npnopnreron xnnxercx ocrnxenne canancnponannoro
couerannx ncrounnxon pasnnunoro nponcxoxennx c nentm nsexart npe-
nsxrocrn. Haexnocrt ncrounnxon onennnaercx na ocnone ontra YHK n
+xcneprnst mexynaponoro nyna cnennanncron (yuentx n nonnrnxon). Pe-
mammee snauenne nmemr xax nesanncnmocrt ncrounnxa, rax n npospaunocrt
ero nponcxoxennx. Hocnenxx naxna noromy, uro ontmnncrno ncrounnxon
xnnxmrcx nropnuntmn, uro osnauaer neoxonmocrt anannsa raxxe n nep-
nnunoro ncrounnxa n nenxx ycranonnennx ocronepnocrn nn]opmannn. Kax-
t ncrounnx onennnaercx c yuerom xonrexcra ero nynnxannn. Yunrtnaercx
norennnantnax sannrepeconannocrt nno nepnnunoro, nno nropnunoro nc-
rounnxa n ncxaxennn cotrn, panno xax n omax cnryannx n crenent nensy-
pt CMH. Oruert HHO n mexynapontx oprannsann npecrannxmrcx oco-
enno nonesntmn n +rom xonrexcre, onn ononnxmr nn]opmannm CMH n
oneruamr nepexpecrnym nponepxy ]axron. Kpnrepn nesanncnmocrn, xo-
neuno, ne ornocnrcx x ncrounnxam, xoropte ncnontsymrcx nmenno noromy,
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 89
uro onn npensxrt, raxne xax npannrentcrnennte oxymenrt nnn nnrepner-
cart noncranuecxnx rpynnnponox. YHK ocosnaer norpenocrt n ntcoxom
yponne xonrponx n npnnaraer ontmne ycnnnx nx roro, urot rapanrnponart
nonnnnocrt ncnontsyemoro marepnana.


Memooi

annte o oprannsonannom nacnnnn cocrannxmrcx na ocnone xanenap-
noro roa. Onn nxnmuamr nn]opmannm o ouarax xon]nnxron, npnunne npo-
rnnoopcrna, nauane noopyxennoro xon]nnxra, nommmnx croponax, omem
uncne nornmnx na none ox, uncne nornmnx sa xonxpernt ro n nsmene-
nnx no annomy noxasarenm no cpannennm c npetymnm room. Cm. raxxe
npnmeuannx x ran. 2.2, 2.4 n 2.6.
Cneennxm o nornmnx yenxercx nanontmee nnnmanne npn perncrpa-
nnn n ase anntx YHK. Hn]opmannx, nanpnmep, o are, nonocrnom ncrou-
nnxe, ocnonnom ncrounnxe, reorpa]nuecxnx xoopnnarax n uncne nornmnx
]nxcnpyercx nx xaxoro cotrnx. B neane orentnte cotrnx n nn]pt
nornepxamrcx nymx nnn onee nesanncnmtmn ncrounnxamn. 3arem no xa-
xomy ns xon]nnxron annte arpernpymrcx n reuenne ncero roa. Hroronte
nn]pt cpannnnamrcx c omnmn nn]pamn, npnneenntmn n o]nnnantntx
oxymenrax, n cnennannsnponanntx oruerax n n cpecrnax maccono nn]op-
mannn. uacro no npemx copa anntx nponoxrcx xoncyntrannn c pernonant-
ntmn +xcnepramn nccneonarenxmn, nnnomaramn n xypnanncramn. Hx
pont n ocnonnom saxnmuaercx n yrounennn xonrexcra cotrn, uro cnococr-
nyer npannntno nnrepnperannn onynnxonanntx ncrounnxon.
YHK perncrpnpyer rpn pasnnuntx onenxn uncna nornmnx nnsxym,
ntcoxym n nanonee ocronepnym n sanncnmocrn or ocronepnocrn ncrou-
nnxa n npornnopeunnocrn anntx o uncne xeprn n xoe nmoro npnmenennx
nacnnnx. Bce annte, npecrannennte sect, ocnonant na nanonee ocro-
nepno onenxe, xoropax npecrannxer coo conoxynnocrt camtx naexntx
cneenn no xaxomy nnnnenry n xaxo xareropnn oprannsonannoro nacn-
nnx n reuenne roa. Ecnn pasnte ncrounnxn amr pasnnunte onenxn, npono-
nrcx +xcneprnsa na npemer onpeenennx nanonee naexnoro ncrounnxa.
Ecnn onpeennrt raxo ncrounnx ne yaercx, YHK, xax npannno, nxnmuaer n
nanonee ocronepnym onenxy onee nnsxne nn]pt norept. YHK otuno
npoxnnxer xoncepnarnsm npn onenxe uncna nornmnx. Ho mepe roro xax no-
crynaer noponax nn]opmannx no romy nnn nnomy cnyuam oprannsonannoro
nacnnnx, xoncepnarnnnte onenxn, ocnonannte na anntx no xonxperntm
cotrnxm, uacro oxastnamrcx onee rountmn no cpannennm c pyrnmn
onenxamn, na xoropte uacro cctnamrcx CMH. Ecnn ocryn x nn]opmannn
orcyrcrnyer nnn nonyuennte nn]pt ne naexnt, YHK ne npnnonr an-
ntx. Hpecrannennte annte nepecmarpnnamrcx exerono sannm uncnom
no mepe nocrynnennx nono nn]opmannn.

BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 90
IV. IHOFAHIHIH HHEKC MHPOHRFH 2012


Kamnnna BHHHA n Tomac MOPIAH
Hncrnryr +xonomnxn n mnpa

Becro ro nopx Inoantnt nnexc mnponmnx (IHM) nsmepxer
mnponmnnocrt rocyapcrn, ocnontnaxct na moenn xonnuecrnenno onenxn,
n xoropo 158 crpan pacnonoxent no ornocnrentnomy cocroxnnm mnpa, nx
uero ncnontsymrcx 23 noxasarenx. Btpannte noxasarenn orpaxamr nano-
nee nonnte n rounte annte, xoropte xapaxrepnsymr crenent nannunx nnn
orcyrcrnnx mnpa. Onn coepxar xax xonnuecrnennte, rax n xauecrnennte
annte ns nenoro pxa ocronepntx ncrounnxon. IHM cocrannxercx Hncrn-
ryrom +xonomnxn n mnpa (H3M) no pyxonocrnom mexynapono xoncynt-
rarnnno rpynnt nesanncnmtx +xcnepron n npn noepxxe anannrnuecxo
rpynnt xypnana 3xonomncr (EIU), xoropax conocrannxer annte n no-
cunrtnaer pernnrn n corpynnuecrne c H3M
1.

Inannax nent IHM cocronr n nccneonannn xonnennnn nosnrnnnoro
mnpa nyrem ntxnnennx xoppenxnnn mexy pernnramn IHM n pyrnmn no-
xasarenxmn n asamn anntx, xoropte nsyuamr xnmuente ]axropt n c]epe
xnsnn omecrna, +xonomnxn, opasonannx, spanooxpanennx, ynpannennx ro-
cyapcrnom n nonnrnxn. Hccneonanne crarncrnuecxo snaunmocrn +rnx ]ax-
ropon nosnonxer onpeennrt xpyr norennnantntx erepmnnanr, xoropte mo-
ryr nnnxrt na ]opmnponanne n pasnnrne mnpnoro omecrna.
Inoantnt nnexc mnponmnx 2012 r. ]nxcnpyer ynyumenne cpennx
noxasarene no ncex pernonax, xpome Fnnxnero Bocroxa n Cenepno A]pnxn
(cm. ran. 2.9)
2
. Haponte ntcrynnennx, nporecrt n penonmnnn Apacxo
necnt (cm. pasen I ntme) npenparnnn Fnnxnn Bocrox n Cenepnym A]pn-
xy n nanmenee mnpnt pernon; nnexct IHM nx Cnpnn, Ernnra, Tynnca n
Omana conepmnnn nanonee pesxoe naenne (cm. ran. 2.8.). Bnepnte c mo-
menra sanycxa IHM n 2007 r. nocnenee mecro n nnexce mnponmnx sannma-
er ne pernon x mry or Caxapt; samernte ynyumennx sa]nxcnponant n Maa-
racxape, Iaone n Forcnane.
Camtm mnponmnntm rocyapcrnom nropo ro nopx cranonnrcx Hc-
nannx. Bnont n nepxne ecxrxe nnexca omnnnpymr neontmne cranntnte
emoxparnn. Karap, sanxnmn 12-e mecro, xnnxercx camo mnponmnno crpa-
no Fnnxnero Bocroxa (ne yyun npn +rom emoxparne). Bnepnte Fyran no-
nan n nepnym nanarxy n ocnonnom naroapx ocnanennm nanpxxennocrn no-
xpyr cnryannn c exennamn +rnnuecxnmn nenantnamn. Hopnernx noxnnyna
nepnym ecxrxy, cnycrnnmnct c 9-ro na 18-e mecro n pesyntrare repaxron n nmne

1
Fonee nopono o Hncrnryre +xonomnxn n mnpa cm.: <http://www.economicsandpeace.
org/>. B +xcneprnym rpynny n 20112012 rr. nxonnn: Kennn Knemenrc, npecearent (Ynn-
nepcnrer Oraro), Han 3nronn (CHHPH), Cynran Fapaxar (Hopxcxn ynnnepcnrer), Hnx Ipo-
no (Mexynaponax rpynna no npeornpamennm xpnsncon), Tomnx Xomnno (Ynnnepcnrer
Ocaxn), Many+na Meca (Opasonarentnt n nccneonarentcxn nenrp nponem mnpa, Ma-
pn) n Exarepnna Crenanona (HM3MO PAH, Mocxna).
2
Fonee nopono cm.: IEP, 2012 Global Peace Index (IEP: Sydney, 2012).
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 91
2011 r., xeprnamn xoroptx crann 77 uenonex, a raxxe ycnnennx mnnnrapnsannn.
3naunrentnoe yxpennenne nosnnn Bpn-Hanxn n nnexce mnponmnx crano
cnecrnnem oxonuannx sarxnynmecx na ecxrnnernx rpaxancxo nont.

Tannna 2.8. C1panm, utn pen1nnrn npe1epnenn nanontmne nsuenennn
no nnexcy unponmnn n 20112012 rr.
Iocyapc1no
Hnexc,
2012 r.
Hsuenenne
n nnexce,
20112012 rr.
Pen1nnr,
2012 r.
Hsuenenne
n pen1nnre,
20112012 rr.
a

5 cmpau, pemuue romopix eospoc e uauoo.iue cmeneuu
Bpn-Hanxa 2.145 0.292 103 +27
3nmane 2.538 0.186 140
Fyran 1.481 0.182 19 +11
Iaana 1.937 0.178 69 +21
unnnnnnnt 2.415 0.157 133 +2
5 cmpau, pemuue romopix cuusu.c e uauoo.iue cmeneuu
Cnpnx 2.830 +0.523 147 31
Ernner 2.220 +0.215 111 40
Tynnc 1.955 +0.193 72 29
Oman 1.887 +0.150 59 20
Manann 1.894 +0.146 60 19

a
B Inoantnt nnexc mnponmnx (IHM) 2011 r. nxonnn 153 rocyapcrna, rora xax n
IHM-2012 nxoxr 158 crpan, uro nnnxer na nsmenennx n nosnnnxx n 2012 r. no cpannennm c
2011 r.

B 2010 r. pasnpaemax nono Comann nropo ro nopx sannmaer no-
cnenee mecro n mnponom pernnre xon]nnxrt na ee reppnropnn npoon-
xamrcx n necxontxnx pernonax (sa ncxnmuennem Comannn+n, cm. pasen II
ntme). Yxymnnnct noxasarenn A]ranncrana, orpocnn ero na npenocne-
nee mecro n pernnre. Cnryannx n Hpaxe crana uyrt onee mnpno n pesynt-
rare cnnxennx nepoxrnocrn nacnntcrnenntx ecrnn n coxpamennn uncna
nepememenntx nnn, xorx nocnenn noxasarent tn ouent ntcox. Hauano
rpaxancxo nont n Cnpnn pesxo yxymnno pernnr crpant, n ona cxarn-
nact na 37 nynxron na 147-m nosnnnm.
B npomnom roy rocyapcrna n nenom crann nemnoro onee mnpntmn. Cpenn
nnexc mnponmnx 158 crpan, yuacrnymmnx n IHM 2012, cocrannn 2.02 (na
ocnone mxant onenox or 1 o 5), npoemoncrpnponan nesnaunrentnoe cnnxe-
nne, cnnerentcrnymmee o nontmennn yponnx mnponmnx no cpannennm c
2011 r., xora cpenn nnexc tn 2.05. 3ro nontmenne nponsomno nocne na-
ennx cpenero nnexca na roa nopx, xora mnorne crpant ncntrtnann
pacrymym necranntnocrt n connantnym ncrapmonnm, cnxsannte c no-
ntmennem nen na ronnnno, npoonontcrnne n ctptente ronapt, a raxxe c
rnoantntm +xonomnuecxnm cnaom. B 2012 r. pasnnna mexy nnexcamn
25 neymnx crpan, pannax 0.435 nynxram, or 1.113 Hcnannn o 1.548 Hc-
nannn tna nesnaunrentno. Pasnnna mexy nnexcamn crpan, sannmam-
mnx 25 nocnennx mecr, oxasanact ntme onee uem n 2 pasa 0.973 nynxra:
or 2.419 Kor-Hnyapa o 3.392 Comann, uro orpasnno neontmoe ynennuenne
no cpannennm c 2011 r. (0.956 nynxra).
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011

92
Tannna 2.9. Inoantnmn nnexc unponmnn 2012 r
Pen1nnr C1pana Hnexc Hsuenenne Pen1nnr C1pana Hnexc Hsuenenne
1 Hcnannx 1.113 0.037
2 annx 1.239 0.041
2 Honax 3enannx 1.239 0.034
4 Kanaa 1.317 0.033
5 nonnx 1.326 +0.032
6 Ancrpnx 1.328 0.001
6 Hpnannx 1.328 0.054
8 Cnonennx 1.330 0.040
9 unnnxnnx 1.348 0.015
10 Bnenapnx 1.349 0.077
11 Fentrnx 1.376 0.033
12 Karap 1.395 0.005
13 uexnx 1.396 +0.064
14 Bnennx 1.419 +0.010
15 Iepmannx 1.424 +0.011
16 Hopryrannx 1.470 +0.018
17 Benrpnx 1.476 0.028
18 Hopnernx 1.480 +0.113
19 Fyran 1.481 0.182
20 Manasnx 1.485 +0.031
21 Manpnxn 1.487 . .
22 Ancrpannx 1.494 +0.034
23 Cnnranyp 1.521 0.052
24 Hontma 1.524 0.032
25 Hcnannx 1.548 0.101
26 Cnonaxnx 1.590 +0.002
27 Tanant 1.602 0.040
28 Hnepnant 1.606 0.027
29 Bennxopnrannx 1.609 0.016
30 unnn 1.616 0.107
31 Forcnana 1.621 0.080
32 Pymtnnx 1.627 0.126
33 Ypyrna 1.628 +0.101
34 Bternam 1.641 0.032
35 Xopnarnx 1.648 0.051
36 Kocra-Pnxa 1.659 0.027
37 Haoc 1.662 0.013
38 Hrannx 1.690 0.089
39 Fonrapnx 1.699 0.147
40 upannnx 1.710 +0.016
41 3cronnx 1.715 0.084
42 Rxnax Kopex 1.734 0.100
43 Hnrna 1.741 0.027
44 Aprenrnna 1.763 0.100
45 Harnnx 1.774 0.029
46 OA3 1.785 +0.099
47 Kyner 1.792 +0.141
48 Mosamnx 1.796 0.020
49 Hamnnx 1.804 0.039
50 Iana 1.807 +0.066
51 3amnx 1.830 0.013
52 Cteppa-Heone 1.855 0.027
53 Hecoro 1.864 . .
54 Mapoxxo 1.867 +0.007
55 Tansannx 1.873 +0.020
56 Fypxnna-uaco 1.881 +0.054
56 xnyrn 1.881 . .
58 Monronnx 1.884 +0.006
59 Oman 1.887 +0.150
60 Manann 1.894 +0.146
61 Hanama 1.899 +0.080
62 Hopannx 1.905 0.009
63 Hnonesnx 1.913 0.045
64 Cepnx 1.920 0.136
65 Focnnx n 1.923 +0.026
Iepneronnna
66 Anannx 1.927 +0.024
66 Monona 1.927 +0.026
68 Maxeonnx 1.935 0.095
69 Iaana 1.937 0.178
70 Kya 1.951 0.014
71 Yxpanna 1.953 0.043
72 Tynnc 1.955 +0.193
73 Knnp 1.957 0.059
74 Iamnx 1.961 +0.046
75 Iaon 1.972 0.095
76 Haparna 1.973 +0.007
77 Ipennx 1.976 +0.035
78 Ceneran 1.994 0.041
79 Hepy 1.995 0.076
80 Henan 2.001 0.153
81 uepnoropnx 2.006 0.098
81 Hnxaparya 2.006 0.007
83 Fpasnnnx 2.017 0.033
84 Fonnnnx 2.021 0.008
85 3xnaop 2.028 0.075
85 Cnasnnen 2.028 +0.031
87 3xnaropnantnax 2.039 +0.011
Innnex
88 CBA 2.058 0.007
89 Knra 2.061 0.015
90 omnnnxancxax 2.068 0.061
Pecnynnxa
91 Fanrnaem 2.071
92 Innnex 2.073 0.040
93 HanyaHonax 2.076 0.053
Innnex
94 Tpnnna n 2.082 +0.042
Toaro
95 Anrona 2.105 0.014
95 Innnex-Fncay 2.105 . .
97 Kamepyn 2.113 +0.012
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT

93

Pen1nnr C1pana Hnexc Hsuenenne Pen1nnr C1pana Hnexc Hsuenenne

98 Yrana 2.121 0.032
99 Maaracxap 2.124 0.123
99 Taxnxncran 2.124 0.094
101 Hnepnx 2.131 0.014
102 Mann 2.132 0.039
103 Bpn-Hanxa 2.145 0.292
104 Pecnynnxa Konro 2.148 0.009
105 Kasaxcran 2.151 +0.007
106 Cayoncxax 2.178 0.003
Apannx
107 Ianrn 2.179 0.097
108 Kamoxa 2.207 0.085
109 Fenapyct 2.208 0.080
110 Ysexncran 2.219 0.017
111 Ernner 2.220 +0.215
111 Cantnaop 2.220
113 maxa 2.222 0.012
114 Fennn 2.231 . .
115 Apmennx 2.238 0.016
116 Hnrep 2.241 0.082
117 Typxmenncran 2.242 0.004
118 Faxpen 2.247 0.106
119 Pyana 2.250 +0.061
120 Kennx 2.252 0.031
121 Anxnp 2.255 0.156
122 3pnrpex 2.264 +0.044
123 Benecy+na 2.278 0.110
124 Inaremana 2.287 0.107
125 Manpnrannx 2.301 0.078
126 Tannan 2.303 +0.052
127 RAP 2.321 0.041
128 Hpan 2.324 0.036
129 Ionypac 2.339 +0.013
130 Typnnx 2.344 0.071
131 Ktprtscran 2.359 +0.069
132 Asepaxan 2.360 0.009
133 unnnnnnnt 2.415 0.157
134 Kor-Hnyap 2.419 0.009
135 Mexcnxa 2.445 +0.092
136 Hnnan 2.459 0.121
137 3]nonnx 2.504 +0.031
138 Fypynn 2.524 0.005
139 Mtxnma 2.525 0.014
140 3nmane 2.538 0.186
141 Ipysnx 2.541 0.019
142 Hnnx 2.549 0.026
143 Hemen 2.601 0.057
144 Konymnx 2.625 0.062
145 ua 2.671 0.074
146 Hnrepnx 2.801 +0.074
147 Hnnnx 2.830 +0.037
147 Cnpnx 2.830 +0.523
149 Haxncran 2.833 0.070
150 Hspannt 2.842 0.062
151 HAP 2.872 +0.022
152 KHP 2.932 0.153
153 Poccnx 2.938 0.029
154 emoxparnuec- 3.073 +0.057
xax Pecnynnxa
Konro
155 Hpax 3.192 0.107
156 Cyan 3.193 0.038
157 A]ranncran 3.252 +0.043
158 Comann 3.392 +0.021

. . = crpana ne nxonna n IHM n 2011;
= ner nsmenenn.


or 2.419 Kor-Hnyapa o 3.392 Comann, uro orpasnno neontmoe ynennuenne
no cpannennm c 2011 r. (0.956 nynxra).
Cpen noxasarene IHM 2012 no cpannennm c 2011 r. nanontmne ns-
menennx n xymym cropony nperepneno nocnpnxrne npecrynnocrn n omecr-
ne. pyrne snaunrentnte nsmenennx nponsomnn n noxasarenxx connantnoro
cnoxocrnnx n esonacnocrn, orpaxammne norpxcennx n apacxom mnpe n sa
ero npeenamn. Hanonee samernte ynyumennx sa]nxcnponant no noxasare-
nm nonnrnuecxoro reppopa, n onpeenennte ycnexn ormeuent no necxontxnm
noxasarenxm mnnnrapnsannn ncnecrnne coxpamennx ooponntx mxeron.



BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 94
Cpen noxasarene IHM 2012 no cpannennm c 2011 r. nanontmne ns-
menennx n xymym cropony nperepneno nocnpnxrne npecrynnocrn n omecr-
ne. pyrne snaunrentnte nsmenennx nponsomnn n noxasarenxx connantnoro
cnoxocrnnx n esonacnocrn, orpaxammne norpxcennx n apacxom mnpe n sa
ero npeenamn. Hanonee samernte ynyumennx sa]nxcnponant no noxasare-
nm nonnrnuecxoro reppopa, n onpeenennte ycnexn ormeuent no necxontxnm
noxasarenxm mnnnrapnsannn ncnecrnne coxpamennx ooponntx mxeron.

Hc1ounnxn n ue1om

23 noxasarenx IHM enxrcx na rpn xnmuente remarnuecxne xareropnn:
npoonxammnecx nnyrpennne n mexynaponte xon]nnxrt; connantnoe cno-
xocrnne n esonacnocrt; n mnnnrapnsannx. Bcem noxasarenxm npncnannaercx
yentnt (conoxynnt) nec no mxane or 1 o 5. Crpanonte +xcneprt no-
cunrtnamr xauecrnennte noxasarenn, a npoent n xonnuecrnenntx anntx
xomnencnpymrcx onenountmn noxasarenxmn. IHM 2012 onxen orpaxart
cocroxnne mnpa n crpanax sa nepno c 16 mapra 2011 r. no 15 mapra 2012 r.,
onaxo mnorne noxasarenn ocnonant na ocrynntx anntx sa 20102011 rr.
Kaxomy noxasarenm npncnoen oneno nec na ocnonannn ero ornocnrent-
no naxnocrn no mxane or 1 o 5. Ha ocnone rpynnt ns 23 noxasarene tnn
nocunrant na nsnemenntx nnexca: onn, nsmepxmmn yponent nnyrpennero
mnpa crpant, n nropo, nsmepxmmn yponent nnemnero mnpa rocyapcrna (ero
cocroxnne mnpa sa npeenamn ero rpannn). 3arem tnn paccunrant omn
conoxynnt pernnr n nennunna nnexca, npnuem noxasarenm nnyrpennero
mnpa npncnoen necono xo+]]nnnenr n 60%, a noxasarenm nnemnero mnpa
necono xo+]]nnnenr n 40%. Fontmn xo+]]nnnenr npncnoen noxasarenm
nnyrpennero mnpa na rom ocnonannn, uro onee ntcoxn yponent nnyrpenne-
ro mnpa cnococrnyer cnnxennm xon]nnxrnocrn na mexynapono apene.
1. Hoxasarenn, xacammnecx reuennx nnyrpennnx n mexynapontx
xon]nnxron. B +ro xareropnn onennnamrcx cneymmne nxrt nnnxaropon:
(a) xonnuecrno nnyrpennnx n nnemnnx xon]nnxron (Fasa anntx no noopy-
xenntm xon]nnxram YHK) c yentntm necom 5; (b) onenounoe uncno xeprn
oprannsonannoro nnemnero xon]nnxra (YHK) c yentntm necom 5; (c) unc-
no xeprn oprannsonannoro nnyrpennero xon]nnxra (Fasa anntx no noopy-
xenntm xon]nnxram Mexynaponoro nncrnryra crparernuecxnx nccneo-
nann, MHCH) c yentntm necom 5; (d) yponent oprannsonannoro nnyrpenne-
ro xon]nnxra (EIU) c yentntm necom 5; n (e) ornomennx c cocennmn
crpanamn (EIU) c yentntm necom 5.
annte, orpaxammne ncropnuecxn ontr crpant ornocnrentno nnyr-
pennero n mexynaponoro nacnnnx, sect ne yunrtnamrcx, nocxontxy npn
cocrannennn IHM ncnontsyercx crarncrnxa no rexymnm nnyrpn- n mexrocy-
apcrnenntm xon]nnxram.
2. Hoxasarenn, orpaxammne yponent connantnoro cnoxocrnnx n eso-
nacnocrn. B +ro xareropnn onennnamrcx cneymmne 10 nnnxaropon:
(a) nocnpnxrne yponnx xpnmnnannsannn camnm omecrnom (EIU) c yentntm
necom 3; (b) uncno nepememenntm nnn no ornomennm x uncnennocrn nacene-
nnx (Crarncrnuecxn exeronnx Ynpannennx Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no
enam exennen n Henrp nanmennx sa nponeccamn nnyrpennero nepememe-
BOOPVEHHBH KOH4HHKT 95
nnx nnn) c yentntm necom 4; (c) nonnrnuecxax necranntnocrt (EIU) c yent-
ntm necom 4; (d) yponent nonnrnuecxoro reppopa (Mapx Innn n M+rtm an-
ron, Ynnnepcnrer Cenepno Kaponnnt/Mexynaponax amnncrnx) c yentntm
necom 4; (e) nepoxrnocrt repaxron (H3M n Inoantnax asa anntx no reppo-
pnsmy, Ynnnepcnrer M+pnnena) c yentntm necom 2; (f) xonnuecrno yncrn
na 100 000 uenonex (OOH, Osop renennn n onacrn npecrynnocrn n ex-
rentnocrn cncrem yrononnoro npanocynx) c yentntm necom 4; (g) yponent
nacnntcrnenntx npecrynnenn (EIU) c yentntm necom 4; (h) nepoxrnocrt e-
moncrpann c npnmenennem nacnnnx (EIU) c yentntm necom 3; (i) xonnuecrno
saxnmuenntx na 100 000 uenonex (Mexynapont nenrp nennrennnapntx
nccneonann Koponencxoro xonnexa n Honone, World Prison Population List)
c yentntm necom 3; (j) uncno corpynnxon cnyx nnyrpenne esonacnocrn
n nonnnnn na 100 000 uenonex (OOH, Osop renennn n onacrn npecryn-
nocrn n exrentnocrn cncrem yrononnoro npanocynx) c yentntm necom 3.
3. Hoxasarenn mnnnrapnsannn. B +ro xareropnn onennnamrcx nocemt
nnnxaropon: (a) noennte pacxot n nponenrax or BBH (MHCH, Military
Balance) c yentntm necom 2; (b) uncno noennocnyxamnx na 100 000 uenonex
(MHCH, Military Balance) c yentntm necom 2; (c) oem nmnopra ocnonntx
nnon otuntx noopyxenn na 100 000 uenonex (CHHPH, Fasa anntx no
nepeaue opyxnx) c yentntm necom 2; (d) oem +xcnopra ocnonntx nnon
otuntx noopyxenn na 100 000 uenonex (CHHPH, Fasa anntx no nepeaue
opyxnx) c yentntm necom 3; (e) ]nnancnponanne onepann no noepxa-
nnm mnpa OOH (H3M) c yentntm necom 2; (f) cymmapnoe xonnuecrno rxxe-
ntx noopyxenn na 100 000 uenonex (H3M) c yentntm necom 3; (g) ocryn
x crpenxonomy opyxnm n nerxnm noopyxennxm (EIU) c yentntm necom 3;
(h) noennt norennnan/yponent pasnnrnx (EIU) c yentntm necom 2.
annax xareropnx orpaxaer npecrannenne o rom, uro yponent mnnnra-
pnsannn n ocryn x opyxnm nanpxmym cnxsant c rem, nacxontxo mnpno ro-
cyapcrno neer cex na mexynapono apene. unnancnponanne onepann
OOH no noepxannm mnpa paccmarpnnaercx xax nxna n yxpennenne mnpa.
Tounoe onpeenenne xaxoro noxasarenx cm. n: Institute for Economics
and Peace (IEP), 2012 Global Peace Index (IEP: Sydney, 2012), annex A.

Hs+eueuu e +emooo.oeuu e 2012 e.

3xcneprnax rpynna, ornercrnennax sa cocrannenne Inoantnoro nnexca
mnponmnx, npnnxna pemenne nxnmunrt n IHM 2012 nxrt nontx crpan: Fe-
nnn, xnyrn, Innnem-Fncay, Hecoro n Manpnxn. B nrore omee uncno
crpan n IHM 2012 cocrannno 158 rocyapcrn, na onm xoroptx npnxonrcx
99% mnponoro nacenennx.
Bnocnecrnnn n IHM noyr n pyrne crpant, sa ncxnmuennem mnxpo-
rocyapcrn: +xcneprnax rpynna npnnxna pemenne onennnart noxasarenn nnmt
rex crpan, xoropte nmemr nno nacenenne onee 1 mnn uenonex, nno reppn-
ropnm cntme 20 rtc. xn. xm.
3xcneprnax rpynna pexomenonana nxnmunrt n cncremy ncrounnxon IHM
Inoantnym asy anntx no reppopnsmy anropnrernt n ononnxemt nc-
rounnx xonnuecrnennoro nsmepennx reppopncrnuecxnx axron, noepxnnaemt
Ynnnepcnrerom mr. M+pnnen. B +rom roy ona samenxer xauecrnennt noxasa-
rent Bepoxrnocrt reppopncrnuecxnx axron, onennnaemt anannrnxamn EIU.
3. MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH
H YPEIYAHPOBAHHE KOHmAHKTOB


KPATKHH OF3OP

2011 e. eo +uoeux omuoueuux cma. eooo+ npomueope:u e cqepe +u-
pomeop:ecmea. C oouo cmopoui, noc.e 10 .em oecnpeeoeumuoeo yee.u:e-
uu :uc.a npoeoou+ix onepau, :uc.euuocmu paseepmieae+oeo e uux nep-
coua.a u pacxoooe ua ux npoeeoeuue e 2010 e. oi.u om+e:eui nepeie npusua-
ru moeo, :mo pocm +upomeop:ecro oeme.iuocmu (e ocooeuuocmu +uoeo-
n.auoeix onepau c +acumaoui+ eoeuui+ ro+noueumo+) ua:a.
sa+eo.mic, a e 2011 e. noc.eooea.u uoeie ceuoeme.icmea moeo, :mo ou oc-
mauoeu.c. B 2011 e. ocyuecme..oci 52 +upomeop:ecrux onepauu, e romo-
pix oi.o saoecmeoeauo 262 129 :e.oeer; maru+ oopaso+, c 2010 e. omu oea
norasame. ocma.uci nparmu:ecru ueus+euui+u (c+. pasoe. I uacmoue
e.aei). Oouoepe+euuo c ua:a.o+ onepau e Hueuu, P+uo+ Cyoaue u Cupuu
u pacuupeuue+ onepau e e+orpamu:ecro Pecnyo.ure Koueo, Kom-o'Heyape,
ua Iaumu u e Co+a.u oi.o sarpimo u corpaueuo uecro.iro onepau e opy-
eux peeuouax (c+. pasoe. III). C opyeo cmopoui, e 2011 e., eos+o+uo, ua+e-
mu.c noeopom +e+oyuapoouoeo cooouecmea om meepoo npueep+euuocmu
maru+ npuuuna+, rar oosauuocmi sauuuami u sauuma epa+oaucroeo ua-
ce.euu, r armueui+ oecmeu+ no ux pea.usauu e c.y:ae c rouq.urma+u e
Kom-o'Heyape, Hueuu u Cupuu (c+. pasoe. I). Tar, uanpu+ep, c.eoyem om+e-
mumi, :mo e roue 2011 e. Huea apaocrux eocyoapcme paseepuy.a nepeym sa
ceom ucmopum +uccum e Cupuu (c+. pasoe. II).
3a noc.eouue uecro.iro .em ua+emu.aci meuoeuu r rouco.uoauu +u-
pomeop:ecrux onepau, romopa oocuemc uecro.iru+u npu:uua+u.
Bo-nepeix, pe:i uoem o nepeepy+euuocmu eoeuuix ro+noueumoe onepau
no ece+y +upy: sa eooi pocma +upomeop:ecro oeme.iuocmu OOH u opyeue
opeauusauu nocmouuo cma.ruea.uci c mpyouocm+u e mo+, :mooi yoe-
oumi cmpaui npeoocmae.mi eoeuui nepcoua. u mexuury, uanpu+ep, eep-
mo.emi, e oocmamo:uo+ ooe+e. Hoe.euue uoeix oouopoe, marux rar Bpa-
su.u, Kuma u Huoouesu, xom u osua+euoea.o, ueco+ueuuo, us+eueuue r
.y:ue+y, ue noseo.u.o no.uocmim .ureuoupoeami oopasoeaeuuc oequum
(o romopo+ paccrasiea.oci e E+eeoouure CHHPH 2011). Beccnopuo, rpyn-
uo+acumaouie onepauu e Aqeauucmaue u Hpare (e ra+oo us romopix ua
nure oi.o saoecmeoeauo oo.ee 100 000 :e.oeer) npuee.u r ooocmpeuum oe-
quuma eoeuuoeo nepcoua.a, a mar+e r ome.e:euum pecypcoe (e :acmuocmu,
eioe.e+ix sanaoui+u cmpaua+u), romopie +oe.u oi ucno.isoeamic e
opyeux +upomeop:ecrux onepaux. Te+ ue +euee +a.oeepomuo, :mo npeo-
cmouu e 2014 e. eieoo Me+oyuapoouix cu. cooecmeu oesonacuocmu
(MCCB) us Aqeauucmaua oceooooum pecypci o. noc.eoymuux onepau.
Bo-emopix, npooo.+amuuc +upoeo quuaucoei rpusuc sa+emuo noe.u.
ua oeme.iuocmi e no.isy +upa e 2011 e., nocro.iry npaeume.icmea ua+emu-
.u corpaueuu eoeuuix omo+emoe u eicmynu.u sa oo.ee orouo+u:uie u c+a-
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 97
mie no epe+euu onepauu e pa+rax marux +uoeocmopouuux cmpyrmyp, rar
OOH. B-mpemiux, e noc.eouue 10 .em coepe+euuie +upomeop:ecrue onepa-
uu cmo.ruy.uci c npoo.e+o pas+ieauu +auoamoe u pacuupeuu rpyea
eos.aeae+ix ua uux saoa:, o. peueuu romopix :acmo mpeoymmc epa+-
oaucrue cneua.ucmi u eeci+a npooo.+ume.iuoe epe+. B cesu c omu+
eosuur eonpoc o mo+, oecmeume.iuo .u npu ocyuecme.euuu +upomeop:e-
crux onepau ueooxoou+ cmo.i +ouui eoeuui ro+noueum, npu:e+ e me-
:euue cmo.i o.ume.iuoeo epe+euu.
Ho.umu:ecrue e.u e +auoamax coepe+euuix onepau ece oo.ee yc-
.o+ummc, a e epa+oaucrux cneua.ucmax ouyuaemc uexeamra. Hoei-
ueuuoe euu+auue r omo me+e e xooe no.umu:ecrux oucryccu u cooimu
2010 u 2011 ee. oa.u cu.iui mo.:or r qop+upoeauum e.ooa.iuoeo ropnyca
epa+oaucrux cneua.ucmoe o. npoeeoeuu +upomeop:ecrux onepau. Kpo-
+e moeo, OOH yrpenu.a ceo nomeuua. e oo.acmu nocpeouu:ecmea u npe-
oomepaueuu rouq.urmoe, u npu npuumuu peueuu o ueooxoou+ocmu u
y+ecmuocmu +upomeop:ecro onepauu noo oeuoo OOH oma opeauusau
cmapa.aci uamu a.imepuamuei npoeeoeuum +uoeoacnermuix +upomeop:e-
crux onepau, marue rar no.umu:ecra +uccu e Hueuu (c+. pasoe. II).
Houcr oo.ee omo+emuix a.imepuamue rpynuo+acumaouo+y eoeuuo+y
npucymcmeum ua +ecmax +o+em npueecmu r mo+y, :mo e oyoyue+ +upo-
meop:ecrue onepauu cmauym oo.ee eicoromexuo.oeu:ui+u. Hanpu+ep, uc-
no.isoeauue oecnu.omuix .emame.iuix annapamoe o. coopa marmu:ecro
uuqop+auu noseo.um pacuupumi eos+o+uocmu onepau no sauume eocr
u eino.ueuum +auoamoe no sauume epa+oaucroeo uace.euu. Oouaro eo-
npoci oocmyna r mexuo.oeu+ u nepeoa:u mexuo.oeu +e+oy eocyoapcmea-
+u no-npe+ue+y rpaue no.umusupoeaui.
Onepau Opeauusauu Ceeepoam.aumu:ecroeo ooeoeopa (HATO) e Hu-
euu eixooum sa npeoe.i onpeoe.euu +upomeop:ecro onepauu CHHPH
(noomo+y oua ue er.m:eua e mao.uy no +upomeop:ecru+ onepau+ e pas-
oe.e IV). Hec+omp ua omo, oua eeci+a ea+ua, nocro.iry ua ee npu+epe xo-
pouo euoua cymi e.ooa.iuo no.e+uru o mo+, eoe oo.+ui npoxooumi epa-
uui +upomeop:ecmea. Jma onepau cma.a nepei+ us c.y:aee eoeuuoeo
e+euame.icmea eo ucno.ueuue oosauuocmu sauuuami, cauruouupoeauuo-
eo Coeemo+ Besonacuocmu OOH, ue eiseaeueeo eospa+euu uu y oouoeo no-
cmouuoeo :.eua Coeema. Te+ ue +euee r rouy onepauu, raro oi mo uu
oi.o rouceucyc, oocmueuymi eua:a.e, pacna.c e cesu c eonpoco+ o cme-
neuu omeemcmeeuuocmu (c+. pasoe. II). Ec.u eoeopumi oo.ee uuporo, onepa-
u HATO e Hueuu noo:epruy.a ecm c.o+uocmi esau+ocesu u epauu +e+-
oy sauumo epa+oaucrux .u e +upomeop:ecrux onepaux u oecmeu+u,
ocyuecme.e+i+u o. npuuy+oeuu r +upy.

Bapon BHXAPTA
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 98
I. IHOFAHIHIE TEHEHHHH B CuEPE MHPOTBOPuECKHX
OHEPAHHH


Kn+p uAHuHHH

B 2011 r. npononnoct n ome cnoxnocrn 52 mnpornopuecxnx onepannn,
r. e. crontxo xe, cxontxo n n 2010 r. 3ro nourn camt nnsxn noxasarent sa ne-
pno c 2002 no 2011 r., nornepxammn renennnm x coxpamennm macmra-
on mnpornopuecxo exrentnocrn, nauanmymcx n 2009 r. (cm. pnc. 3.1)
1
. Tem
ne menee uncnennocrt nepconana, pasnepnyroro n mnpornopuecxnx onepannxx,
crana nropo no nennunne sa nect yxasannt nepno n cocrannna 262 129 ue-
nonex, uro ncero na 700 uenonex mentme, uem n 2010 r. (cm. pnc. 3.2)
2
.
Hesnaunrentnoe ynennuenne uncnennocrn nepconana, npnnnmanmero
yuacrne n nexoroptx onepannxx, oxcnxnoct npemenntm noxpennennem
nx oxasannx npnnnmammnm crpanam emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro
(PK) n Ianrn nomomn n nponeennn ntopon. 3ro ynennuenne tno cxom-
nencnponano coxpamennem uncnennocrn pasnepnyroro nepconana mnccn
OOH n Henane n Tnmop-Hemrn n cnxsn c nx cnepmnnmnmcx nnn npecrox-
mnm saxptrnem
3
. He npnneno x npnpocry conoxynno uncnennocrn nepcona-
na n pasneprtnanne nepconana no npnunne nauan n 2011 r. uertpex nontx
onepann: Bpemenntx cnn OOH no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n Atee
(RHHCuA), Mnccnn OOH n Pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan (MOOHRC), Mnc-
cnn OOH no noepxxe n Hnnnn (MOOHHH) n Mnccnn nanmarene Hnrn
apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn. MOOHHH n Mnccnx Hnrn apacxnx rocy-
apcrn +ro neontmne nonnrnuecxne nnn rpaxancxne mnccnn, a ocnonnax
uacrt nepconana RHHCuA n MOOHRC tna nepepomena ns Mnccnn
OOH n Cyane (MOOHBC), saxptro n nmne 2011 r.
B 2011 r. xpynneme oprannsanne, nponoxme mnpornopuecxne one-
pannn, ocrananact OOH, no +rno xoropo ocymecrnnxnoct 20 mnpornop-
uecxnx onepann ns 52 (38%). Onaxo onee nononnnt pasnepnyroro n mnpe
nepconana 137 463 uenonex (52%) npnmnoct na onepannn, npononmte

1
B nacroxme rnane npoanannsnponant xonnuecrnennte noxasarenn, npnneennte n Fa-
se anntx CHHPH no mnorocroponnnm mnpornopuecxnm onepannxm <http://www.sipri.org/
databases/pko/>. Pesyntrart +roro anannsa orpaxamr renennnn n onacrn mnpornopuecrna n
20022011 rr. Hpemerom anannsa tnn ncxnmunrentno re onepannn, xoropte coornercrny-
mr onpeenennm mnpornopuecxo onepannn, npnnxromy CHHPH. Hpnneennte n nacroxme
rnane annte xparxo xapaxrepnsymr mnpornopuecxne onepannn, ocymecrnnxnmnecx n 2011 r.,
n npnsnant nocnyxnrt opnenrnpom npn nponeennn cpannnrentnoro anannsa mexy onepa-
nnxmn 2011 r. n npetymnx ner.
2
Hpnneennte n nacroxmem npnnoxennn xonnuecrnennte noxasarenn, ornocxmnecx x
uncnennocrn pasnepnyroro nepconana, no ontme uacrn npecrannxmr coo npenapnrent-
nte onenxn no cocroxnnm na 31 exapx 2011 r. nnn no cocroxnnm na momenr sanepmennx
ro nnn nno onepannn. 3rn noxasarenn ne orpaxamr nn maxcnmantno uncnennocrn pasnep-
nyroro nepconana, nn ome uncnennocrn nepconana, pasnepnyroro n reuenne roa.
3
Mnccnx OOH n Henane (MOOHH) tna sanepmena n xnnape 2011 r., a sanepmenne Hn-
rerpnponanno mnccnn OOH n Tnmope-Hemrn (HMOOHT) nameuanoct na exapt 2012 r.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 99



















Pnc. 3.1. Hncno unoroc1oponnnx unpo1nopuecxnx onepannn no oprannsannnu,
20022011 rr.





















Pnc. 3.2. Hncnennoc1t nepconana, pasnepny1oro n coc1ane unpo1nopuecxnx onepa-
nnn, 20022011 rr.

Oprannsanne Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO), rnanntm opasom Mex-
ynaponte cnnt coecrnnx esonacnocrn (MCCF) n A]ranncrane. B cnny
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 100


















Pnc 3.3. ecn1t c1pan, npeoc1annnmnx nanontmne nonncxne xon1nnren1m nn
unpo1nopuecxnx onepannn, c yue1ou n es yue1a MCCB n Aqrannc1ane, 2011 r.


















Pnc. 3.4. ecn1t rocyapc1n, npeoc1annnmnx nanontmne rpaaancxne nonnnen-
cxne xon1nnren1m nn unoroc1oponnnx unpo1nopuecxnx onepannn n 2011 r.

+roro HATO yxe rpern ro nopx cranonnrcx xpynneme no uncnennocrn
pasnepnyroro nepconana oprannsanne nponoxme onepannn
4
.

4
Hn]opmannx no onepannxm OOH coepxnr annte no mnpornopuecxnm onepannxm,
npononmtm no pyxonocrnom enapramenra onepann no noepxannm mnpa OOH, e-
napramenra OOH no nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam, a raxxe Cmemanno onepannn A]pnxancxoro
comsa (AC)/OOH n ap]ype (RHAMH).
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 101
MCCF, npononmax n 2011 r. rpern ro nopx, crana camo macmra-
no onepanne, n xoropo tno pasnepnyro 131 386 noennocnyxamnx; na
nropom n rpertem mecrax Cmemannax onepannx A]pnxancxoro comsa
(AC)/OOH n ap]ype (RHAMH)n Mnccnx OOH no crannnsannn n emo-
xparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro (MOOHCPK) coornercrnenno.
B ecxrn onepannxx yuacrnonano cntme 5000 uenonex. Cemt ns nnx
npononnnct no +rno OOH, ne no xomanonannem HATO n ona
A]pnxancxoro comsa.
Ecnn npnnnmart no nnnmanne MCCF, n 2011 r. rocyapcrnom, nanpannn-
mnm nanontmee uncno noennocnyxamnx nx yuacrnx n mnorocroponnnx
mnpornopuecxnx onepannxx, crann CBA, a n ecxrxy pyrnx xpynnemnx
nocranmnxon nocx nomnn enponecxne crpant, npeocrannnmne nocxa nx
MCCF, raxne xax Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, upannnx n Hrannx
(cm. pnc. 3.3). Fes yuera MCCF cnryannx menxercx: ocnonntm nocranmnxom
nocx cran Haxncran, sa nnm cneonan Fanrnaem, a n ecxrxy crpan, nanpa-
nnnmnx nanontmee uncno mnpornopnen, nxonnn ncxnmunrentno crpant ns
Rxno Asnn, A]pnxn n Fnnxnero Bocroxa. Iocyapcrna +rnx pernonon n
2011 r. cocrannnn n ecxrxy ocnonntx nocranmnxon rpaxancxnx nonnne-
cxnx (cm. pnc. 3.4).
Omn pasmep oxnnenntx pacxoon na mnpornopuecxne onepannn n
2011 r. cocrannn 9.8 mnp onn.
5
3naunrentnax uacrt +rnx pacxoon
7.8 mnp onn. (80%) nerna na nneun OOH. Onaxo, xax oxnaercx, n cnxsn
c mxerntmn orpannuennxmn n 2012 r.
6
OOH norparnr na mnpornopuecxne
onepannn na 1 mnp. onn. mentme. B cnny +rnx mxerntx orpannuenn
Cexperapnar OOH cronxnyncx c neoxonmocrtm onnartcx ontmero
mentmnmn cpecrnamn. Onn orpasnnnct n na cocrane nontx onepann n, ne-
poxrno, nonnnxmr raxxe na nx macmrat n cpoxn.


5
B pacxot na ontmnncrno onepann, xpome ocymecrnnxemtx no +rno OOH (na-
npnmep, onepann Enponecxoro comsa nnn HATO), ne nxnmuent pacxot na npeocranne-
nne nepconana, no+romy omne nsnecrnte pacxot na mnpornopuecxne onepannn n mnpe on-
peenxmrcx nyrem xoncepnarnnno onenxn.
6
Ladsous, H., UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, Press conference,
Transcript, 8 Feb. 2012, <http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/articles/USG Ladsous.Transcript.
PC.08022012>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 102
II. HOBIE MHPOTBOPuECKHE OHEPAHHH B 2011 r.


Kn+p uAHuHHH


Cyan n Kanmn Cyan: Mnccnn OOH n Pecnynnxe Kanmn Cyan
n Bpeuennme cnnm OOH no oecneuennm esonacnoc1n n Atee

Hponosrnamenne nesanncnmocrn Pecnynnxn Rxnt Cyan 9 nmnx
2011 r. crano ntcme rouxo mnpnoro nponecca, xoropt npoonxancx mecrt
c nononnno ner. On nauancx c nonncannx Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro co-
rnamennx (BMC) 9 xnnapx 2005 r. mexy npannrentcrnom Cyana n Cyan-
cxnm napono-ocnoonrentntm nnxennem (CHO). Tem camtm sanepmnn-
cx nnyrpnrocyapcrnennt xon]nnxr, nnnmncx 28 ner
1
. Xorx sa nesanncn-
mocrt Rxnoro Cyana nporonoconano nourn 99% yuacrnnxon pe]epenyma n
xnnape 2011 r., cnon nepnte marn +ro nonoe rocyapcrno enano n cnoxno
ocranonxe necranntnocrn. C xnnapx o cepennt max 2011 r. n pesyntrare
necranntnocrn na mre Cyana oxono 116 000 uenonex crann nnyrpenne ne-
pememenntmn nnnamn
2
. Hpn +rom tna sarpynena ocranxa rymannrapno
nomomn n paont, nocrpaanmne or xon]nnxra. Kon]nnxr n nacnnne, no-
nnexmne orpomnte xeprnt ns uncna rpaxancxoro nacenennx, npoonxannct
o nauana nmnx.
Ononpemenno c +rnm nponosrnamenne nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana cra-
no nonoom nx snaunrentno peoprannsannn npncyrcrnnx OOH na tnme
reppnropnn Cyana. Ftno nemano cnopon o rom, cneyer nn pasennrt Mnc-
cnm OOH n Cyane (MOOHBC) na ne onepannn n xax trt c nepaspemen-
ntmn nonpocamn, xacammnmncx mraron Ionyo Hnn n Rxnt Kopo]an (n
uacrnocrn, paon Ate) (cm. pnc. 3.5)
3
. Onaxo cpasy nocne oxnnennx pe-
syntraron pe]epenyma npannrentcrno Cyana coomnno OOH, uro ono ne
acr cornacnx na nponenne manara MOOHBC no ncreuennn ero cpoxa n
nmne 2011 r.
4
Hpannrentcrno saxnnno, uro nocxontxy manar mnccnn tn
opnenrnponan na ntnonnenne Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro cornamennx, a n
reorpa]nuecxom ornomennn nnnmanne mnccnn cocpeoroueno na pernone,
xoropt nnocnecrnnn onxen tn crart Rxntm Cyanom, y OOH yxe ne
tno neoxonmocrn noepxnnart mnccnm n Cyane. B cnxsn c raxo nosn-
nne Cyana MOOHBC tna saxptra, a onee 10 000 noennocnyxamnx n no-

1
Bceoemnmmee mnpnoe cornamenne mexy npannrentcrnom Pecnynnxn Cyan n Cy-
ancxnm napono-ocnoonrentntm nnxennem/Hapono-ocnoonrentno apmne, 9 xnnapx
2009 r., npnnoxenne x oxymenry OOH S/2005/78, 10 ]enpanx 2005 r.
2
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn, Cnennantnt oxna Iene-
pantnoro cexperapx no Cyany, S/2011/314, 17 max 2011 r.
3
Lederer, E. M., UN votes to wrap up peacekeeping force monitoring 2005 Sudan peace
deal, Associated Press, 11 July 2011, <http://www.680news.com/news/world/article/252442--un-
votes-to-wrap-up-peacekeeping-force-monitoring-2005-sudan-peace-deal>.
4
UNMISs mandate will not be extended beyond July, Sudan says, Sudan Tribune, 15 Feb.
2011.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 103










































Pnc. 3.5. Kanmn Cyan n Cyan


nnnecxnx n 965 mexynapontx rpaxancxnx cnennanncron tnn nomn-
nantno ntneent ns crpant. Ha ene xe ontmnncrno +roro nepconana tno
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 104
pasnepnyro n xauecrne nono Mnccnn OOH n Pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan
(MOOHRC) n norpannuno mnccnn Bpemennte cnnt OOH no oecneue-
nnm esonacnocrn n Atee (RHHCuA)
5
.


Muccu OOH e Pecnyo.ure P+ui Cyoau

Hnannponanne MOOHRC tno upenaro pasnnrnem nonnrnuecxo neon-
peenennocrn n npenepnn nponosrnamennx nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana
9 nmnx 2011 r. Hocne necxontxnx +ranon ocyxenn CF OOH ynonnomounn
MOOHRC noepxnnart npannrentcrno Rxnoro Cyana n nonpocax nonn-
rnuecxoro nepexoa n nanaxnnannx ynpannennx, a raxxe oxastnart emy no-
momt n pe]opmnponannn cexropa esonacnocrn, n oecneuennn npanonopx-
xa; n onacrn pasopyxennx, emonnnsannn n pennrerpannn (PP), samnrt
rpaxancxnx nnn n npeornpamennx xon]nnxron
6
. nx ntnonnennx nocne-
nnx nyx saau, npeycmorpenntx n manare, n pamxax nce mnccnn onxen
trt cosan n nnepen norennnan pannero npeynpexennx, ocnonannt na
xomnnexcnom noxoe x copy nn]opmannn, nanmennm, nponepxe, pannemy
npeynpexennm n ononemennm, a raxxe mexannsmt nocneymmnx ecrnn.
Bxnmuenne n manar mnccnn saau npeornpamennx xon]nnxron, n uacrnocrn
+nemenra pannero npeynpexennx, crano onpeenenntm nonmecrnom
7
. py-
rne ocnonnte saaun, nocrannennte nepe MOOHRC, no cyrn connann c
saauamn MOOHBC. Mnorne ncxpenne paccunrtnann, uro MOOHRC ot-
ercx ontmero ycnexa n ntnonnennn cnoero manara, uem MOOHBC, no-
cxontxy npannrentcrno Rxnoro Cyana tno onee pacnonoxeno npnnxrt
+ry mnccnm, uem npannrentcrno Cyana MOOHBC. Onaxo +ro ne cnnmaer
osaouennocrn ornocnrentno ocymecrnnmocrn n ymecrnocrn crparern mnc-
cnn n onacrn PP, ocoenno c yuerom roro ]axra, uro cnryannx n nnane
esonacnocrn ocraercx nanpxxenno.
Ho uncnennocrn nepconana nonax mnccnx nnmt nemnoro ycrynaer npe-
tyme. CF OOH yrnepnn uncnennocrt nepconana na yponne 7000 noen-
nocnyxamnx, 900 rpaxancxnx nonnnecxnx n coornercrnymmnx rpaxan-
cxnx cnennanncron. uncnennocrt nepconana MOOHRC ntsnana cnopt mex-
y unenamn CF OOH: onn counn ee cnnmxom manouncnenno, nocxontxy ee
ocnonno saaue cornacno manary xnnxercx samnra rpaxancxnx nnn, a o-
cranonxa n Atee cymecrnenno yxymnnact, pyrne uro nx rocyapcrna
pasmepa Rxnoro Cyana mnccnx yer cnnmxom nennxa
8
. Onnm ns xnmue-
ntx ]axropon, onpeenxmmnx uncnennocrt nepconana mnccnn, crano npn-
cyrcrnne RHHCuA n nx nocneymmee nsanmoecrnne c MOOHRC.



5
Pesonmnnx 1997 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 11 nmnx 2011 r.
6
Pesonmnnx 1996 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 8 nmnx 2011 r.
7
Saferworld, UNMISS: A second chance for UN peacekeeping in South Sudan, South Su-
dan Monitor, Aug. 2011.
8
South Sudan, Security Council Report: Monthly Forecast, July 2011.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 105
Bpe+euuie cu.i OOH no ooecne:euum oesonacuocmu e Aoiee

B npenepnn operennx Rxntm Cyanom nesanncnmocrn pesxo yxy-
mnnact ocranonxa n nnane esonacnocrn nont rpannnt c Cyanom, n oco-
ennocrn, n paonax c orartmn npnpontmn pecypcamn, n n npnrpannuntx
uacrxx Rxnoro Kopo]ana (n uacrnocrn, n paone Ate) n Ionyoro Hnna.
Hoxany, camtm nponemntm cpen +rnx reppnropn cran Ate, n cnopt
no nonoy ero yymero craryca xnnnnct onnm ns nanonee ceptesntx npe-
nxrcrnn na nyrn ocymecrnnennx Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro cornamennx n
ocnonno npnunno necranntnocrn n pernone. Fopta mecrntx omnn sa
npano nnaennx n nontsonannx semnxmn, oocrpnnmaxcx ns-sa nannunx sana-
con ntcoxoxauecrnenno ne]rn, no-npexnemy yepxnnana Ate n npexon-
]nnxrnom cocroxnnn n ntnnnact n ceptesnte cronxnonennx mexy Cyan-
cxnm napono-ocnoonrentntm nnxennem/Apmnx (CHO/A) n Boopyxen-
ntmn cnnamn Cyana.
B orner na +cxanannm nacnnnx, pocr uncna xeprn n nnyrpenne nepeme-
menntx nnn n +rom paone, n ro npemx xax Rxnt Cyan roronnncx x npo-
nosrnamennm nesanncnmocrn, 20 nmnx 2011 r. ne cropont Bceoemnmmero
mnpnoro cornamennx npn nocpennuecrne Ipynnt ntcoxoro yponnx A]pn-
xancxoro comsa (AC) no Cyany, 3]nonnn, MOOHBC n pyrnx sannrepeco-
nanntx cropon nonncann cornamenne o ynpannennn paonom Ate n
oecneuennn n nem esonacnocrn
9
. B coornercrnnn c +rnm cornamennem tno
npeycmorpeno yupexenne amnnncrpannn paona Ate, nonnax ero emn-
nnrapnsannx n ntno ns nero ncex noopyxenntx +nemenron. nx coecrnnx n
npnmenennn +rnx mep n oecneuennx esonacnocrn cropont oparnnnct x
OOH c npocto pasnepnyrt n paone Ate mnpornopuecxym onepannm.
27 nmnx 2011 r. CF OOH an canxnnm na pasneprtnanne RHHCuA
10
.
Hs ncex +nemenron ee manara nanontmero nnnmannx sacnyxnnamr raxne
saaun, xax xonrpont n nanmenne sa ntnoom nocx Boopyxenntx cnn Cy-
ana nnn CHO (nnn ero npeemnnxa) ns paona Ate, coecrnne ocranxe
rymannrapno nomomn n cnoonomy nepennxennm corpynnxon rymann-
rapntx oprannsann n, npn neoxonmocrn, oecneuenne esonacnocrn ne]-
rxno nn]pacrpyxrypt pernona. B xoe onepannn n Atee raxxe paspemeno
npnmenxrt cnny nx samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n rymannrapnoro nepconana. B
ne saecrnonano onee 4200 uenonex noennoro nepconana, 50 rpaxancxnx
nonnnecxnx n coornercrnymmn rpaxancxn xomnonenr
11
. B ornnune or
pyrnx onepann no +rno OOH nocxa nx RHHCuA npeocrannnn
rontxo mecrt crpan (cm. ran. 3.2 n pasene IV nnxe). Ocnonntm nocranmn-
xom nocx crana 3]nonnx, npeocrannnmax poneranxonym pnray.
C nponosrnamennem nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana 9 nmnx 2011 r.
cnop o oxonuarentnom craryce Atex n pyrnx paonon, rpannuamnx c Rx-
ntm Cyanom n Cyanom, npenparnncx ns nnyrpenne nponemt Cyana n

9
Cornamenne mexy npannrentcrnom Cyana n Cyancxnm napono-ocnoonrentntm
nnxennem o npemenntx mepax no oecneuennm ynpannennx n esonacnocrn n paone Ate,
20 nmnx 2011 r., npnnoxenne x oxymenry OOH S/2011/384, 24 nmnx 2011 r.
10
Pesonmnnx 1990 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 27 nmnx 2011 r.
11
Pesonmnnx 2032 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 22 exapx 2011 r.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 106
nponemy nycroponnnx ornomenn mexy nymx cynepenntmn rocyapcr-
namn. Ho+romy ocrnxenne cranntnocrn n mnpa n ornomennxx mexy Rx-
ntm Cyanom n Cyanom, a raxxe esonacnocrn n pernone n onee mnpoxom
cmtcne yer sanncert or pemennx nyx nponem Atex n pacryme mnnn-
rapnsannn rpannnt nporxxennocrtm 2100 xm mexy +rnmn crpanamn.
30 nmnx Rxnt Cyan n Cyan nonncann cornamenne o yupexennn
Conmecrnoro mexannsma no nanmennm n xonrponm sa rpannne (CMHKI),
a raxxe Conmecrnoro mexannsma no nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam n nonpocam
esonacnocrn, urot cnenrt sa emnnnrapnsanne n esonacnocrtm n ecx-
rnxnnomerpono esonacno emnnnrapnsonanno npnrpannuno sone
(FH3), xoropax tna yupexena 29 nmnx
12
. B cornamennn coepxancx npn-
stn x RHHCuA oecneunrt noepxxy n samnry rpynn nanmarene. B
coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne CF OOH 2024 or 14 exapx 2011 r. manar
RHHCuA tn nponen, npn +rom na mnccnm tna nosnoxena saaua no-
epxxn oneparnnno exrentnocrn CMHKI n nponeennn nponepox, paccne-
onann, xonrponx, nororonxe orueron n narpynnponannx, a raxxe saaua
oecneuennx esonacnocrn n cnyuae neoxonmocrn
13
.
Hecmorpx na ycnemnoe pasneprtnanne MOOHRC n RHHCuA, n xonne
2011 r. ocranonxa n nnane esonacnocrn na rpannne ntstnana ceptesnym
oecnoxoennocrt. Hpannrentcrnam Cyana n Rxnoro Cyana eme rontxo
npecroxno ntnonnnrt cnon oxsarentcrna no Atem n coornercrnnn c co-
rnamennem or 20 nmnx, npn +rom npoonxammeecx npncyrcrnne cnn eso-
nacnocrn rontxo ycyrynxno n es roro cnntnym nanpxxennocrt mexy ny-
mx rocyapcrnamn. B exape 2011 r. n npnrpannunom ropoe xo nponsomnn
oxecrouennte cronxnonennx mexy Boopyxenntmn cnnamn Cyana n CHOA.
Ononpemenno c +rnm nonna nacnnnx, nonnexmax uenoneuecxne xeprnt, na
necxontxo neent saxnecrnyna mrar Rxnoro Cyana xynronn
14
.
Bmecre c rem cosanact yrposa cranntnocrn ncero pernona, n ocoen-
nocrn mraron Rxnt Kopo]an n Ionyo Hnn, re n pesyntrare ntnoa
MOOHBC n sanpera npannrentcrna Cyana na exrentnocrt mexynapo-
ntx rymannrapntx oprannsann n cpecrn maccono nn]opmannn nosnnx
cnoero poa naxyym n onacrn oecneuennx esonacnocrn
15
. Hemano nme
ram no-npexnemy crpaamr n pesyntrare rymannrapnoro xpnsnca n +cxana-
nnn nacnnnx.



12
Cornamenne mexy npannrentcrnamn Cyana n Rxnoro Cyana o Mnccnn no coecr-
nnm nanmennm sa rpannne or 30 nmnx 2011 r., <http://www.scribd.com/doc/61383096/,
cornamenne mexy npannrentcrnamn Cyana n Rxnoro Cyana no nonpocam esonacnocrn
rpannn n Conmecrnoro mexannsma no nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam n nonpocam esonacnocrn or
29 nmnx 2011 r., <http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/pdfs/facts-figures/abyei/Agreement-
Border-Security-JPSM-29-June 2011.pdf>.
13
Pesonmnnx 2024 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 14 exapx 2011 r.
14
South Sudan, Security Council Report: Monthly Forecast, Jan. 2012.
15
Pantuliano, S., South Sudan: referendum one year on, AllAfrica, 13 Jan. 2012, <http://
allafrica.com/stories/ 201201131008.html>.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 107
Annnn: onepannn HATO Osennennmn samn1nnx n Mnccnn OOH
no noepaxe n Annnn

Hocne ycnemntx n ornocnrentno mnpntx axnn nporecra n Tynnce n
Ernnre, n ]enpane 2011 r. Apacxax necna pacnpocrpannnact na Hnnnm
16
.
Hecmorpx na oruaxnnte nontrxn nnnncxnx nnacre noannrt noccranne,
nporecrnoe nnxenne crpemnrentno nanpano ooport. Mexynaponoe co-
omecrno ocynno ceptesnte napymennx npan uenonexa n nopm mexynapo-
noro rymannrapnoro npana, conepmenntx n Hnnnn. 20 ]enpanx Enponecxn
coms (EC) ocynn penpeccnn n ornomennn mnpntx emoncrpanron n npn-
snan nnnncxne nnacrn nemenenno orxasartcx or antnemero npnmenennx
nacnnnx npornn nnx
17
. Cnycrx rpn nx penpeccnn ocynn n AC, necmorpx na
ontmoe nnnxnne nnnncxoro nnepa Myamapa Kaa]n, xoropoe nocnenn
nmen na +ry oprannsannm
18
. 26 ]enpanx CF OOH n Pesonmnnn 1970 nanoxnn
+mapro na nocranxy opyxnx n Hnnnm
19
. Onaxo, necmorpx na neonoxparnte
ocyxennx n canxnnn, cnryannx yxymnnact, uro npnneno x mnorouncnen-
ntm xeprnam cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx. 8 mapra Coner corpynnuecrna
apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro sannna (CCAIH3) npnsnan CF OOH nnecrn
ecnonernte sont na Hnnne, a 12 mapra Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn nocne-
onana ero npnmepy
20
.
17 mapra, nocne panoopamennx Kaa]n x xnrenxm Fenrasn, n xoro-
pom on saxnnn, uro ero noopyxennte cnnt otmyr noutm xaxt om n
+rom onnore npara n yyr ecnomant co ncemn, xro nontraercx conpornn-
nxrtcx, n n orner na npnstnt Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n CCAIH3, CF OOH
npnnxn Pesonmnnm 1973. B ne tna sanoxena npanonax ocnona nx noenno-
ro nmemarentcrna n nnnncxn xon]nnxr. Cornacno +romy oxymenry mexy-
naponomy coomecrny tno paspemeno ncnontsonart nce cpecrna, neoxo-
nmte nx samnrt nnnncxnx rpaxan n nx nneennx ecnonerno sont
21
.
Pesonmnnx 1973 tna neotuna no mnornx ornomennxx. Bo-nepntx, n ne
coepxancx npnstn x noennomy nmemarentcrny, urot samnrnrt rpaxan-

16
O xon]nnxre n Hnnnn cm. pasen I rnant 2 nacroxmero nsannx.
17
European Union, Declaration by the High Representative, Catherine Ashton, on behalf of
the European Union on events in Libya, 6795/1/11, 20 Feb. 2011, <http://www.consilium.europa.
eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/cfsp/119397.pdf>.
18
African Union, Peace and Security Council, 261st Meeting, Communiqu on the situation in
Libya, 23 Feb. 2011
19
Pesonmnnx 1970 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 26 ]enpanx 2011 r. Cm. raxxe pasen III
rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
20
Joint Statement of the Joint Ministerial Meeting on the Strategic Dialogue between the
countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab Gulf States and Australia, Gulf Cooperation
Council, 8 Mar. 2011, <http://www.gcc-sg.org/indexc23e.html?action=News&Sub=ShowOne&
ID=1919> (in Arabic), para. 3; Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, First Joint Ministerial
Meeting on GCCAustralia Strategic Dialogue, Communique, 8 Mar. 2011, <http://www.foreign
minister.gov.au/releases/2011/kr_mr_110308c.html>; n Leiby, R. and Mansour M., Arab League
asks U.N. for no-fly zone over Libya, Washington Post, 12 Mar. 2011.
21
Pesonmnnx 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 17 mapra 2011 r.; n Reuters, Gaddafi tells
rebel city, Benghazi, We will show no mercy, Huffington Post, 17 Mar. 2011, <http://www.
huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/17/gaddafi-benghazi-libya-news_n_837245.html>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 108
cxoe nacenenne n nacenennte nynxrt, naxoxmnecx no yrposo nanaennx,
n cnxsn c uem nanmarenn saxnnnn, uro +ro tn nepnt cnyua, xora OOH
cocnanact na oxsannocrn samnmart c momenra npnnxrnx Pesonmnnn 1706 no
cnryannn n ap]ype (Cyan) or 31 anrycra 2006 r.
22
Bo-nroptx, pesonmnnx
tna npnnxra ennoymno (10 ronocon), a Knra n Poccnx, xoropte mornn t
nanoxnrt na nee nero, ncero nnmt nosepxannct or ronoconannx n uncne nxrn
pyrnx crpan.


HATO u Hueu: onepau Ooeouueuui sauumuur

B orner na +ry pesonmnnm 22 mapra 2011 r. HATO nauana onepannm
Oennennt samnrnnx
23
. 31 mapra HATO nsxna no cno xonrpont nce
noennte onepannn n Hnnnn n coornercrnnn c pesonmnnxmn CF OOH: e t-
no nopyueno oecneunnart conmenne +mapro na nocranxy opyxnx, ecno-
nerno sont n samnry rpaxancxoro nacenennx or nanaennx nnn yrpost na-
naennx. Onepannx npononnact cnnamn noenno-nosymntx n noenno-
mopcxnx nopasenenn, a cyxonyrnte nocxa n coornercrnnn c nonoxennx-
mn Pesonmnnn 1973 ntnonnxnn nnmt saaun oecneuennx. B pamxax onepa-
nnn Oennennt samnrnnx, xoropax nocnna anexo ne ooponnrentnt
xapaxrep, exenenno nanocnnnct annayapt no uacrxm cyxonyrntx nocx,
cpecrnam HBO, aprnnnepnn, paxerntm ycranonxam, xomanno-xonrpontntm
nenrpam, panonoxannonntm cncremam, noenntm asam, ynxepam, cxnaam
oenpnnacon, oexram cncremt rtnonoro oecneuennx n xpannnnmam paxer
nnnncxoro npannrentcrna no nce reppnropnn crpant. Homnmo +roro HATO
cnnamn annannn n ]nora noepxnnana mopcxym noxay Hnnnn. Harpynn
antxnca na nocrynax x nnnncxnm reppnropnantntm nepexnartnann cya n
camonert, nepenosnnmne opyxne nnn naemnnxon. B onepannn Oennen-
nt samnrnnx tno saecrnonano 260 camoneron, conepmnnmnx onee
26 500 ntneron, n rom uncne 9700 oentx ntneron, 21 oenax ennnna. BMu
n oxono 8000 noennocnyxamnx
24
.

22
International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, The crisis in Libya, <http://www.
responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/crisis-in-libya>. Fonee nopono o npnnnnnax ox-
sannocrn samnmart cm. n rnane 1 nacroxmero nsannx.
23
Cneyer ormernrt, uro onepannx HATO "Oennennt samnrnnx" ne coornercrnyer
npnnxromy CHHPH onpeenennm mnpornopuecxo onepannn (cm. pasen IV nnxe), rax xax
ona ne cnococrnonana ntnonnennm mnpnoro cornamennx (n nacroxmem cnyuae raxonoe ne
tno saxnmueno); n ee manar ne nxonnn saaun noepxannx mnpornopuecxo onepannn;
ona ne npenonarana coecrnnx xaxnm-nno ycnnnxm no npeornpamennm xon]nnxra n
crponrentcrny mnpa n crpane. Ho+romy +ra mnccnx ne nxnmuena nn n rannny mnpornopue-
cxnx onepann 2011 r. n pasene IV, nn n crarncrnuecxne annte, npecrannennte n pase-
nax I n III.
24
Ho nepntmn nonnmamrcx ncrpenrenn, pasnetnarentnax annannx, osanpanmnxn,
ecnnnornte nerarentnte annapart n oente nepronert. Ho oentmn ennnnamn BMu
sect nonnmamrcx cya cnaxennx, ]perart, +cmnnnt, nononte noxn, ecanrnte xopa-
nn n annanocnt. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Operation Unified Protector: final
mission stats, Fact sheet, 2 Nov. 2011, <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/71679.htm>.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 109
unent mexynaponoro coomecrna n oprannsannn rpaxancxoro o-
mecrna ocynnn ro, xax ocymecrnnxnact +ra onepannx, npn +rom nexoropte
ns nnx onnnnnn HATO ne rontxo n upesmepno mnpoxo nnrepnperannn Pe-
sonmnnn 1973, no n n npentmennn manara
25
. B nmne 2011 r. nnept ne-
cxontxnx a]pnxancxnx rocyapcrn, a raxxe Knrax n Poccnn norpeonann ne-
menennoro npexpamennx omapnponox HATO n Hnnnn
26
. Bmecre c rem
moxno npenonoxnrt, uro OOH namepenno npeycmorpena mnpoxne nonno-
mounx nx onepannn, c rem urot nocnonnnrt cocrnennym nexnarxy nocx
sa cuer HATO. Fonee roro, n xonne anrycra, n ro npemx xax OOH paccmarpn-
nana nonpoc o pasneprtnannn onepannn n Hnnnn, Cnennantnt conernnx Ie-
nepantnoro cexperapx no nocrxon]nnxrnomy nnannponannm n Hnnnn n
Maprnn coomnn n oxnae, nonanmem n npeccy, uro noennym nomomt, neo-
xonmym nx crannnsannn ocranonxn n Tpnnonn, yer no-npexnemy oxa-
stnart HATO
27
. Maprnn raxxe yrnepxan, uro noennym samnry noenntx na-
nmarene OOH npnercx oecneunnart neoononcxomy xonrnnrenry, no-
cxontxy nx pasneprtnannx raxonoro norpeyercx cnnmxom npoonxnrentnoe
npemx.
Hecmorpx na neonosnaunym peaxnnm no nonoy nponeennx onepannn,
nmemarentcrno HATO crano nonoporntm momenrom n xon]nnxre, nocxontxy
c ero nomomtm yanoct monnnsonart noncranuecxne cnnt, opmmnxcx npo-
rnn npenocxoxmnx nx cnn pexnma Kaa]n.
Hocne roro xax onnosnnnx saxnarnna ontmnncrno crparernuecxnx ro-
poon n nacenenntx nynxron, mexynaponoe coomecrno npnsnano Hanno-
nantnt nepexont coner (HHC) nontm saxonntm npecrannrenem nnnn-
cxoro napoa, ontmnncrno croponnnxon n pocrnennnxon Kaa]n nornnn,
npeann ero nnn nonann n nnen, a cam Kaa]n 20 oxrxpx 2011r. tn ynr,
HATO oxnnna, uro ona npn noepxxe cnonx naprnepon ycnemno ntnon-
nnna manar OOH no samnre nacenennx Hnnnn n namepena n xoopnnannn c
OOH n HHC sanepmnrt onepannm
28
. Ha saceannn mnnncrpon oopont crpan
HATO 6 oxrxpx npn onpeenennn art npexpamennx onepannn tnn corna-
conant cneymmne ycnonnx: onepannx sanepmnrcx, xora Kaa]n n ero pe-

25
More countries slam NATO action in Libya, ABC Radio Australia, 29 Mar. 2011, <http://
www.radioaustralia.net.au/asiapac/stories/201103/s3177136.htm>; n Agence France-Presse, LOtan
outrepasse le mandat de lONU en Libya, affirme Moscou [NATO goes beyond the mandate of
the UN in Libya, says Moscow], France 24, 15 Apr. 2011, <http://www.france24.com/fr/ 20110415-
russie-libye-crise-actions-otan-outrepassent-mandant-onu-nations-unies-resolution-dip-lomatie>.
26
Hanpnmep, npesnenr RAP xexo 3yma 14 nmnx 2011 r. saxnnn, uro nonoxennxmn
pesonmnnn OOH, n coornercrnnn c xoropo tno canxnnonnponano noennoe nmemarentcrno,
snoynorpennn c nentm cment pexnma, conepmennx nonnrnuecxnx yncrn n nnocrpanno
noenno oxxynannn. African leaders demand halt to NATO bombing campaign in Libya,
Bloomberg, 15 June 2011, <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-15/african-leaders-demand-
halt-to-nato-bombing-campaign-in-libya.html>.
27
Martin, I., United Nations post-conflict deployment to Libya, Introductory note to the
Consolidated report of the integrated pre-assessment process for Libya post-conflict planning, 22
Aug. 2011, <http://www.innercitypress.com/martin1unlibya1icp.pdf>.
28
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Statement by the NATO Secretary General
on Libya, Press Release 128, 20 Oct. 2011, <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-27364A7E-5456
866F/nato live/news_79742.htm?mode=pressrelease>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 110
xnm nepecranyr npecrannxrt onacnocrt nx nnnncxoro napoa, n HHC
cmoxer camocroxrentno oecneunnart esonacnocrt n crpane
29
.
27 oxrxpx CF OOH, npnnnmax no nnnmanne exnapannm HHC o ocno-
oxennn Hnnnn 23 oxrxpx, npnnxn pemenne o ormene ecnonerno sont
n mep no samnre rpaxancxnx nnn c 31 oxrxpx
30
. Onepannx Oennennt
samnrnnx sanepmnnact nocne cemn mecxnen mopcxnx n nosymntx onepann.


OOH u Hueu: Muccu OOH no noooep+re e Hueuu

Ononpemenno c pasneprtnannem onepannn HATO Ienepantnt cexpe-
rapt OOH Han In Myn nasnaunn na Maprnna cnennantntm conernnxom no
nocrxon]nnxrnomy nnannponannm n Hnnnn, nopyunn emy onpeennrt, moxer
nn n onxna nn OOH cenart uro-ro nx +ro crpant. B pamxax cnoero man-
ara n anpene 2011 r. Maprnn nosrnannn nponecc xomnnexcno nepnnuno no-
crxon]nnxrno onenxn n Hnnnn. On nponen ncrpeun c npecrannrenxmn pxa
yupexenn cncremt OOH, ]onon n nporpamm, a raxxe Bcemnpnoro anxa
n Mexynapono oprannsannn no mnrpannn n oprannsonan xoncyntrannn c
nontmn nepexontmn nnacrxmn Hnnnn c nentm onpeennrt re onacrn, n xo-
roptx crpane morna t norpeonartcx nomomt OOH. 16 cenrxpx 2011 r. n
orner na o]nnnantnt sanpoc HHC o nomomn co cropont OOH Coner Feso-
nacnocrn yupenn Mnccnm OOH no noepxxe n Hnnnn (MOOHHH)
31
.
B uncno ocnonntx saau MOOHHH nomno oxasanne nomomn nontm nn-
nncxnm nnacrxm n noccranonnennn esonacnocrn n npanonopxxa, noepx-
xa nceoemnmmero nonnrnuecxoro nanora n nannonantnoro npnmnpennx n
noepxxa HHC n paspaorxe nono xoncrnrynnn n nororonxe x ntopam.
Hocne cmeprn Kaa]n HHC oxnnn o rom, uro namepen nororonnrt npo-
neenne ntopon n reuenne noctmn mecxnen
32
. Ho mnennm Han In Myna, +ro
ouent nanpxxennt rpa]nx, ecnn yuecrt, uro crpana ne nmeer nnn nmeer
nectma orpannuennt ontr nponeennx ntopon sa onee uem 45-nernn ne-
pno
33
.
MOOHHH tna yupexena na rpexmecxunt cpox, urot art nosmox-
nocrt OOH npoonxart neperonopt c nnnncxnmn nnacrxmn no nonoy on-
rocpouno noepxxn n nepexont nepno, a raxxe oxastnart crpane neor-
noxnym xoncyntrarnnnym n nnym nomomt, rpeymmymcx na nauantnom +ra-
ne
34
. Hpenonaranoct, uro nepexonoe npannrentcrno osnyunr norpenocrn n
noxenannx Hnnnn nx onpeenennx macmraon n xapaxrepa ro nomomn, xo-

29
North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO), NATO and LibyaOperation Unified Protec-
tor: Ending the mission, [n.d.], <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_71652.htm>.
30
Pesonmnnx 2016 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 27 oxrxpx 2011 r.
31
Libya, Security Council Report: Monthly Forecast, Oct. 2011; n pesonmnnx 2009 Conera
Fesonacnocrn OOH, 16 cenrxpx 2011 r.
32
Libyas Jibril sees elections within eight months, Reuters, 22 Oct. 2011, <http://www.
reuters.com/article/2011/10/22/us-libya-elections-idUSTRE79LOLD20111022>.
33
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn, oxna Ienepantnoro cexpe-
rapx no Mnccnn OOH no noepxxe n Hnnnn , S/2011/727, 22 noxpx 2011 r.
34
Security Council mulls resolution on potential UN mission for Libya, UN News Centre, 9
Sep. 2011, <http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39497&Cr=libya&Cr1>.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 111
ropym onxna yer oxasart OOH nocne sanepmennx nauantnoro +rana. Bno-
cnecrnnn Coner Fesonacnocrn nponnn manar MOOHHH eme na rpn mecx-
na, rax xax npoonxenne xon]nnxra npnneno x saepxxe c ]opmnponannem
npemennoro npannrentcrna n npnnxrnm pyrnx mep, neoxonmtx nx nano-
ra n onenxn norpenocre mnccnn n nororonxe nnanon
35
. Kpome roro, n co-
ornercrnnn c yxasanno pesonmnne manar MOOHHH tn pacmnpen, n nero
tna nxnmuena ononnnrentnax saaua no oxasannm nomomn n noepxxn
Hnnnn n ee ycnnnxx no npornnoecrnnm yrpose pacnpocrpanennx nmoro
opyxnx, n nepnym ouepet c ee cocrnenno reppnropnn. 3a cuer +roro npe-
nonaranoct cnxrt yrposy ecrannnsannn, xoropym npecrannxna Hnnnx nx
ncero pernona Caxent, ne onycrnrt axrnnnsannn exrentnocrn reppopncron
na cenepe A]pnxn n nenom, a raxxe ycrpannrt nerarnnnoe nosecrnne na
mnp n esonacnocrt n pernonantnom n mexynaponom xonrexcre. Ho co-
croxnnm na cepenny exapx 2011 r., n Hnnnn nacunrtnanoct onee 100 or-
pxon ononuennx ome uncnennocrtm n 125 000 noopyxenntx onon
36
.
Hocxontxy manar MOOHHH mnpox n rpeyer npnnoxennx ontmnx ycnnn,
nectma nepoxrno, uro on yer nponen.


Cnpnn: Mnccnn nanma1enen Anrn apacxnx rocyapc1n n Cnpnm
37


Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn ctrpana ony ns nenrpantntx pone n pas-
pemennn xon]nnxron n pamxax apacxo necnt 2011 r. Ee pemnrentnax no-
epxxa nnemnero noennoro nmemarentcrna n Hnnnn crana nonno neoxnan-
nocrtm nx mnornx nanmarene. Hocxontxy cnryannx n Hnnnn yxymanact,
a OOH npoonxana esecrnonart, neymym pont npnnxna na cex Hnra
apacxnx rocyapcrn.
Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn nnepnte ntcrynnna c ocyxennem npnmene-
nnx nacnnnx npn noannennn nporecron n Cnpnn n anrycre 2011 r.
38
Hocne
pxa nnnomarnuecxnx emapme 2 noxpx 2011 r. c cornacnx npannrentcrna
Cnpnn Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn npnnxna Apacxn nnan ecrnn
39
, Mnp-
nt nnan npnsnannt coecrnonart paspemennm nponemt nporecron n
Cnpnn n samnre rpaxancxoro nacenennx. B nem Hnra npnstnana npannrent-
crno Cnpnn npexparnrt nacnnne n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn, ntnecrn nce
cnnt esonacnocrn ns paonon npoxnnannx rpaxancxoro nacenennx n ocno-

35
Pesonmnnx 2022 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 2 exapx 2011 r.; cm. raxxe:n Oprannsa-
nnx Oennenntx Hann (cnocxa 33).
36
International Crisis Group, Holding Libya together: security challenges after Qadhafi,
Press release, 14 Dec. 2011, <http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/
2011/mena/holding-libya-together- security -challenges-after-qadhafi.aspx>.
37
Homomt n nanncannn annoro nopasena oxasana craxep CHHPH Kcennx Aneson.
38
International Freedom of Expression Exchange, Arab League breaks its silence and con-
demns Assads massacre of protesters; journalists disappear, 17 Aug. 2011, <http://www.ifex.
org/syria/2011/ 08/17/arab_league_speaks_out/>.
39
Hnan ecrnn coepxnrcx n npnnoxennn x pesonmnnn Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn
7436, 2 noxpx 2011 r. (na apacxom xstxe). Cm. raxxe: Syria accepts Arab League peace plan
after Cairo talks, BBC News, 2 Nov. 2011, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-
15560322>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 112
onrt ecxrxn rtcxu nonnrnuecxnx saxnmuenntx
40
. Onn ns xnmuentx mo-
menron nnana cocroxn n ero nesamennrentnom ntnonnennn
41
. Onaxo npann-
rentcrno Cnpnn orxasanoct ntnonnnrt +ro rpeonanne, n pesyntrare uero 12
noxpx Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn ncxnmunna Cnpnm ns uncna cnonx unenon
n nnena n ee ornomennn +xonomnuecxne canxnnn
42
.
19 exapx 2011 r. Cnpnx, naxonen, npnnxna npenoxenne n nonncana
nporoxon o npnnxrnn nnana, n rom uncne o pasneprtnannn Mnccnn nanma-
rene Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnm. Honncan oronop, cnpncxoe
npannrentcrno cornacnnoct n nonno mepe corpynnuart c mnccne, oecne-
unrt nanmarenxm n npecrannrenxm axxpenronanntx cpecrn maccono
nn]opmannn cnooy nepennxennx no reppnropnn Cnpnn, a raxxe coecr-
nonart paore nanmarene, oxastnax nm ncm neoxonmym noepxxy. B
reuenne neenn co nx nonncannx nporoxona n Cnpnn tno pasnepnyro oxo-
no 150 nanmarene (nmecro 500, nsnauantno npenoxenntx Hnro) c orpa-
nnuenntm manarom na cpox n onn mecxn
43
. Ho nexoroptm coomennxm,
Cnpnx cornacnnact na nx pasneprtnanne npn ycnonnn, uro uncno nanmare-
ne yer coxpameno, a nx exrentnocrt yer ocymecrnnxrtcx n xoopnna-
nnn c npannrentcrnom
44
. Hanmarenn tnn pasmement n 20 ropoax, npn-
uem nanonee mnorouncnennte rpynnt tnn cocpeorouent n rex paonax,
re xon]nnxr naxonncx n ocoo ocrpo crann: n amacxe, Xomce, Pn] Xom-
ce, Hnne, epa n Xame nx ocymecrnnennx monnropnnra n nanmennx
sa npexpamennem nacnnnx. Cornacno manary mnccnx onxna tna oecne-
unrt ecnpenxrcrnennoe nponeenne mnpntx emoncrpann n ne onyc-
rnrt nmemarentcrna co cropont cnpncxnx cnyx esonacnocrn n rax nast-
naemtx an manxa, a raxxe npoxonrponnponart ntno nocx ns xnntx
paonon n ocnooxenne saxnmuenntx
45
.
Onaxo c camoro nauana pasneprtnannx mnccnx oxasanact ne n cocrox-
nnn +]]exrnnno ntnonnxrt cno manar n ncxope ynxsna n nyunne cnopon n
xpnrnxn
46
. 28 xnnapx 2012 r. exrentnocrt Mnccnn nanmarene Hnrn apa-
cxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn tna npnocranonnena n cnxsn c +cxananne nacnnnx
n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn n nanmarene. 12 ]enpanx 2012 r. Hnra

40
MacFarquhar, N., Arab League votes to suspend Syria over crackdown, New York Times,
12 Nov. 2011.
41
Black, I., Syrian acceptance of Arab League ceasefire plan met with scepticism, The
Guardian, 2 Nov. 2011.
42
Syria calls Arab League decision to suspend its membership violation of charter, Al
Arabiya News, 12 Nov. 2011, <http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/11/12/176668.html>; n
MacFarquhar, N. and Bakri, N., Isolating Syria, Arab League imposes broad sanctions, New York
Times, 27 Nov. 2011.
43
Syria unrest: Arab League monitors advance team arrives, BBC News, 22 Dec. 2011,
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16296255>.
44
Negotiations on Syria Draft Resolution, Whats in Blue blog, Security Council Report, 22
Dec. 2011, <http://whatsinblue.org/2011/12/negotiations-on-syria-draft-resolution.php>.
45
Arab League, Report of the Head of the League of Arab States Observer Mission to Syria
for the period from 24 December 2011 to 18 January 2012: <http://un-report.blogspot.se/2012/02/
al-dabis-report-on-arab-league-observer.html>.
46
Fahim, K., Chief of Arab Leagues mission in Syria is lightning rod for criticism, New
York Times, 2 Jan. 2012.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 113
npenoxnna pasnepnyrt nx nanmennx sa npexpamennem ornx n Cnpnn co-
nmecrnym c OOH mnpornopuecxym onepannm. 3ro npenoxenne noepxann
CBA, enponecxne rocyapcrna n Typnnx, no ono tno orneprnyro Poccne
n Knraem. Haxonen, 14 anpenx 2012 r. Coner Fesonacnocrn ennornacno npo-
ronoconan sa ro, urot paspemnrt nponeenne Hanmarentno mnccnn OOH
nx cnexennx sa npexpamennem ornx
47
.


Bmnom

Kpnrnxa n ornomennn roro, xax npononnact onepannx Oennennt
samnrnnx n xoneannx mexynaponoro coomecrna n cnyuae c xpnsncom n
Cnpnn, cnnerentcrnymr o rom, uro mexy crpanamn n pernonamn ner enno-
ro mnennx o rom, xaxnm opasom cneyer peannsontnart oononcxn npnnnnn
oxsannocrt samnmart. Hecmorpx na +rn pasnornacnx, npnstn mexyna-
ponoro coomecrna x noennomy nmemarentcrny nx samnrt nnnncxoro na-
poa n ncnontsonanne OOH noxoon n pamxax npnnnnna oxsannocrt sa-
mnmart n Pesonmnnn 1973 npn npanonom oocnonannn noennoro nmemarent-
crna yxastnamr na ro, uro noxpyr +rnx npnnnnnon ]opmnpyercx xoncencyc.
Manonepoxrno, uro yymne onepannn yyr nonnocrtm npononrtcx no
moenn Oennennoro samnrnnxa, no nexoropte ee +nemenrt nce xe mo-
ryr trt ncnontsonant n noontx onepannxx. Hanpnmep, nepoxrno, uro nx
oecneuennx samnrt rpaxancxoro nacenennx nce onee axrnnno yer sa-
ecrnonartcx annannx. eno mnpornopuecrna ne cronr na mecre, a rpannnt
mexy rymannrapntm n noenntm nmemarentcrnom n mnpornopuecxnmn one-
pannxmn paspymamrcx n pasmtnamrcx.


47
Pesonmnnx 2042 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 14 anpenx 2012 r.; n United Nations, Secu-
rity Council, Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 2042 (2012), authorizing advance
team to monitor ceasefire in Syria, Press Release SC/10609, 14 Apr. 2012, <http://www.un.org/
News/Press/docs/2012/sc10609.doc.htm>.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 114
III. PEIHOHAHIHIE TEHEHHHH B CuEPE
MHPOTBOPuECKHX OHEPAHHH


Kn+p uAHuHHH


Aqpnxa

Kax n n npetymne rot, n 2011 r. camoe ntcoxoe uncno mnpornopue-
cxnx onepann tno sa]nxcnponano n A]pnxe. B pernone npononnoct 16
onepann, ontmnncrnom ns xoroptx pyxononna OOH. Omax uncnennocrt
pasnepnyroro nepconana ocrnrana npnmepno 87 000 uenonex, ns xoroptx
83 000 cocrannxnn noennte n rpaxancxne nonnnecxne, a ocranmnecx
4000 rpaxancxn nepconan (cm. ran. 3.1). uncno onepann, pasnepnyrtx
n A]pnxe, ne nsmennnoct no cpannennm c 2010 r. Hecmorpx na ro uro n
2011 r. rpn onepannn tnn saxptrt, ns uertpex nontx onepann rpn: Bpe-
mennte cnnt OOH no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n Atee (RHHCuA),
Mnccnx OOH n Pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan (MOOHRC) n Mnccnx OOH no
noepxxe n Hnnnn (MOOHHH) tnn pasnepnyrt n A]pnxe. Pasneprtna-
nne RHHCuA n MOOHRC c ornocnrentno mnorouncnenntmn noenntmn
xomnonenramn ne npnneno x snaunrentnomy ynennuennm uncnennocrn nep-
conana, rax xax ne nonte onepannn n Cyane n Rxnom Cyane n ocnonnom
tnn yxomnnexronant nepconanom, nepepomenntm nocne saxptrnx n nmne
2011 r. Mnccnn OOH n Cyane (MOOHBC).
Pocr uncnennocrn nepconana n pernone cran cnecrnnem pacmnpennx
mnccnn A]pnxancxoro comsa (AC) n Comann (AMHCOM) (yupexenno eme
n 2010 r., no nauanme paory nnmt n 2011 r.), a raxxe npemennoro ycnnennx
Onepannn OOH n Kor-'Hnyape (OOOHKH). Hnxe onncant cotrnx, cnx-
sannte c +rnmn nymx onepannxmn, n 2011 r.


Muccu AC e Co+a.u

B exape 2010 r. n cnxsn c yxymennem ocranonxn n nnane esonacno-
crn n rymannrapno cnryannn n pesyntrare rpaxancxo nont n Comann CF
OOH oopnn npenoxenne AC o ynennuennn paspemenno uncnennocrn
noennoro nepconana AMHCOM c 8000 o 12 000 uenonex
1
. Onaxo x exapm
2011 r. AC cmor ononnnrentno monnnsonart rontxo 2000 noennocnyxamnx
n onecrn ]axrnuecxym uncnennocrt noennoro nepconana o 9800 uenonex.
Taxax pasnnna mexy paspemenno n ]axrnuecxo uncnennocrtm pasnepny-
roro nepconana oruacrn oxcnxercx orpannuennocrtm rexnnuecxnx n ]n-
nancontx nosmoxnocre rocyapcrn unenon AC, a oruacrn nexenannem

1
Pesonmnnx 1964 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 22 exapx 2010 r. O xon]nnxre n Comann
n ero cnxsn c xon]nnxramn na reppnropnn A]pnxancxoro Pora cm. pasen II rnant 2 nacrox-
mero nsannx.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 115
crpan, npeocrannxmmnx nocxa, noneprart cnonx conar onacnocrn nocro-
xnntx nanaenn rpynnnponxn xamaar am-maa ant-myxaxenn nnn
Ant-Baa (Monoexnoe nnxenne moxaxeon)
2
. B 2011 r. norepn mnc-
cnn AMHCOM cocrannnn 94 uenonexa, n pesyntrare uero ona yxe rpern ro
nopx sannmaer nropoe mecro no uncny xeprn cpasy nocne Mexynapontx
cnn coecrnnx esonacnocrn (MCCF) n A]ranncrane.
Hecmorpx na ro uro uncnennocrt nepconana AMHCOM rax n ne yanoct
onecrn o paspemennoro yponnx n 2011 r., AC npenoxnn ynennunrt paspe-
mennym uncnennocrt o 17 000 noennocnyxamnx, rax xax, no ero mnennm,
uncnennocrt nepconana mnccnn tna neocrarouno nennxa nx ntnonnennx
ee manara
3
. Kpome roro, AC npenoxnn OOH ynennunrt oem ]nnancono
nomomn mnccnn sa cuer nauncnenntx nsnocon. Ono ns npnunn npenoxe-
nnx AC o pacmnpennn mnccnn, nosmoxno, crano npncyrcrnne xenncxnx
nocx na mre Comann. B oxrxpe c cornacnx Hepexonoro ]eepantnoro npa-
nnrentcrna (HuH) Comann Kennx pasnepnyna onocroponnmm onepannm
npornn rpynnnponxn Ant-Baa. Cyx no ncemy, n 2012 r. yuacrnymmne n
ne xenncxne nocxa moryr trt nxnmuent n cocran AMHCOM
4
.
B 2011 r. tnn ormeuent nepnte ocxsaemte pesyntrart paort Yue-
no mnccnn EC n Comann, nauaro n 2010 r.: no xomanonannem AMHCOM
tna pasnepnyra nepnax ouepet comanncxnx noennocnyxamnx. Onaxo,
necmorpx na xparxocpounte ocrnxennx na oneparnnnom yponne, nosnnx no-
npoc o ymecrnocrn n crparernuecxo nennocrn +ro mnccnn c yuerom orcyr-
crnnx nernrnmnocrn HuH n orcyrcrnnx n Comann ecrnymmero npannrent-
crna
5
. Hecmorpx na +rn nonpoct, n nmne 2011 r. Coner Enponecxoro comsa
oopnn nponenne manara Yueno mnccnn EC n Comann na 12 mecxnen
o exapx 2012 r.
6



Onepau OOH e Kom-o'Heyape

Honnrnuecxoe npornnocroxnne mexy ecrnymmnm npesnenrom Kor-
'Hnyapa Hopanom Iaro n Anaccanom Yarrapa, tnmnm npemtep-
mnnncrpom, xoropt tn oxnnen noenrenem npesnenrcxnx ntopon n
noxpe 2010 r., nepepocno n oxecrouennte cronxnonennx mexy nx cropon-

2
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. Hnctmo Hpecearenx Komn-
rera Conera Fesonacnocrn, yupexennoro pesonmnnxmn 751 (1992) n 1907 (2009) no Comann
n 3pnrpee, or 18 nmnx 2011 r. na nmx Hpecearenx Conera Fesonacnocrn, S/2011/433, 18
nmnx 2011 r.
3
African Union, Peace and Security Council, 306th meeting, Communique on the situation in
Somalia, 6 Jan. 2012.
4
International Crisis Group (ICG), The Kenyan Military Intervention in Somalia, Crisis Group
Africa Report no. 184 (ICG: Nairobi, 15 Feb. 2012).
5
Oksamytna, K., The European Union Training Mission in Somalia: Lessons Learnt for EU
Security Sector Reform, IstitutoAffariInternazionali (IAI) Working Papers 1116 (IAI: Rome, June
2011).
6
Council Decision 2011/483/CFSP of 28 July 2011 amending and extending Decision
2010/96/CFSP on a European Union military mission to contribute to the training of Somali secu-
rity forces (EUTM Somalia), Official Journal of the European Union, L198, 30 July 2011.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 116
nnxamn, npoonxnnmnecx n n 2011 r. Fyyun rnyoxo oecnoxoenntm npo-
onxammnmcx nacnnnem n napymennem npan uenonexa, n rom uncne n orno-
mennn mnpornopuecxoro nepconana OOH, 19 xnnapx 2011 r. CF OOH corna-
cnncx ononnnrentno pasnepnyrt n pamxax OOOHKH 2000 noennocnyxamnx
o 30 nmnx 2011 r.
7



Tannna 3.1. Hncno unpo1nopuecxnx onepannn n uncnennoc1t pasnepny1oro
nepconana no pernonau n oprannsannnu, 2011 r.

Bosrnannnmman
oprannsannn
Aqpnxa Auepnxa
Asnn n
Oxeannn
Enpona
Bnnannn
Boc1ox
Bcero n
unpe
OOH* 10 1 3 2 4 20
Pernonantnte
oprannsannn nnn
antxnct
5 1 2 13 5 26
Bpemennte
xoannnnn
1 3 2 6
Bcero onepannn 16 2 8 15 11 52
Bcero nepconan 86 642 12 201 134 727
b
11 932 16 627 262 129
b

a
Hoxasarenn nxnmuamr mnpornopuecxne onepannn, ocymecrnnxemte enapramenrom
onepann OOH no noepxannm mnpa, enapramenrom no nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam n Cme-
mannym onepannm AC/OOH n ap]ype (RHAMH).
b
C yuerom MCCF n A]ranncrane n 2011 r. noxasarenn cocrannnn 131 386 uenonex.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no mnorocroponnnm mnpornopuecxnm onepannxm,
<http://www.sipri.org/databases/pko/>


Onaxo cnryannx n nnane esonacnocrn no-npexnemy yxymanact xax n
Anxane, rax n na nce reppnropnn crpant, n ocoennocrn na sanae, npo-
onxannct cronxnonennx. B xoe oxecrouenno optt yuacrnnnct cnyuan
npnmenennx oenmn croponamn xon]nnxra rxxenoro noopyxennx (n rom unc-
ne mnnomeron, rpanaromeron n rxxentx nynemeron) npornn rpaxancxoro
nacenennx n nanaennx na OOOHKH. 30 mapra 2011 r. CF OOH npnsnan
OOOHKH ncnontsonart nce neoxonmte cpecrna nx ntnonnennx
OOOHKH cnoero manara na samnry rpaxancxoro nacenennx, nonep-
rammerocx nenocpecrnenno yrpose ]nsnuecxoro nacnnnx
8
. Ha +rom ocno-
nannn n nauane anpenx npn coecrnnn ]pannyscxnx nocx, yuacrnymmnx n
onepannn Ennopor, yuacrnnxn OOOHKH nanecnn yap no noenntm nare-
pxm croponnnxon Iaro n npesnenrcxomy nopny.
Hocne apecra Iaro 11 anpenx 2011 r. n yrnepxennx Yarrapa na nocry
npesnenra OOOHKH tno nopyueno oxastnart nomomt nonomy npannrent-
crny Kor-'Hnyapa n pasopyxennn n emonnnsannn nesaxonntx noopyxen-

7
Pesonmnnx 1967 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 19 xnnapx 2011 r.
8
Pesonmnnx 1975 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 30 mapra 2011 r.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 117
ntx rpynn
9
. Xorx cnryannx n nnane esonacnocrn ynyumnnact, CF OOH npn-
nxn pemenne nponnrt manar OOOHKH n onepannn Ennopor o 30 nmnx
2012 r. n coxpannrt yrnepxennym uncnennocrt nepconana OOOHKH na
yponne 9800 noennocnyxamnx n nanmarene n 1350 rpaxancxnx nonn-
necxnx, a uncnennocrt nepconana onepannn Ennopor ymentmnrt nnono-
nnny, o 450 uenonex
10
.


Auepnxa

Ha nporxxennn ontme uacrn 2011 r. ona ns nyx xpynnemnx onepa-
nn, pasnepnyrtx n Amepnxe, Mnccnx OOH no crannnsannn n Ianrn
(MOOHCI), ]ynxnnonnponana n pacmnpennom cocrane: yrnepxennax unc-
nennocrt ee nepconana tna ynennuena o 12 500 uenonex (n rom uncne onon-
nnrentno 1900 noennocnyxamnx n 1600 nonnnecxnx). 3ro oxcnxnoct or-
uacrn neoxonmocrtm sanepmnrt noccranonnenne crpant nocne semnerpxce-
nnx, oruacrn neoxonmocrtm noepxxn nsnparentnoro nponecca
11
. Onaxo
c yuerom ornocnrentno cnoxono ocranonxn n nnane esonacnocrn CF OOH
n xoe exeronoro ocyxennx nonpoca o nponennn manara MOOHCI pe-
mnn coxparnrt omym uncnennocrt noennoro n nonnnecxoro nepconana o
10 600 uenonex
12
. Hponenne manara MOOHCI ntsnano ceptesnte cnopt n
nospaxennx nnyrpn omecrna Ianrn, rax xax n Hnrepnere noxnnnnct onnne-
nnx n apec ypyrnacxnx conar n cexcyantnom nacnnnn na monoo ranrxn-
xo (n coornercrnymmax nneosannct), a nenantcxnx mnpornopnen nasnann
npenonoxnrentno npnunno ncntmxn xonept n crpane
13
. Hernrnmnocrt
onepannn, onpeenxmmaxcx, n rom uncne, n mopantntm anropnrerom ee nep-
conana, tna cymecrnenno noopnana ncnecrnne raxnx ero ecrnn
14
.


Asnn n Oxeannn

B 2011 r. n Asnn n Oxeannn npononnoct nocemt mnpornopuecxnx one-
pann c ome uncnennocrtm nepconana 135 000 uenonex (cm. ran. 3.1). Ho
cpannennm c 2010 r. uncno onepann, a raxxe omax uncnennocrt nepconana
coxparnnnct. Hoannxmmee ontmnncrno pasnepnyroro nepconana no-npex-
nemy npnxonrcx na onm MCCF n A]ranncrane, n pesyntrare uero Asnx

9
Pesonmnnx 1980 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 28 anpenx 2011 r.
10
Pesonm nnx 2000 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 27 nmnx 2011 r.
11
annte na 31 oxrxpx 2011 r.
12
Pesonmnnx 2012 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, 14 oxrxpx 2011 r. B coornercrnnn c pe-
xomenannxmn Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH uncno noennocnyxamnx yer coxpameno c
8940 o 7340 uenonex, a uncno nonnnecxnx c 4391 o 3241 uenonex. Oprannsannx Oen-
nenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx o Mnccnn OOH no cra-
nnnsannn n Ianrn. S/2011/540, 25 anrycra 2011 r.
13
Haiti: UN troops must go, say Haitians after rape scandal, GlobalVoices, 9 Sep. 2011,
<http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/09/09/haiti-un-troops-must-go-say-haitians-after-rape-scandal/>.
14
Cm. raxxe: Bnxapra B. Hernrnmnocrt mnpornopuecxnx onepann. E+eeoouur CHHPH
2009.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 118
crana pernonom c nanontme uncnennocrtm mnpornopuecxoro nepconana. B
coornercrnnn c ome mnpono renennne x xonconnannn, 2011 ro osna-
menonancx naxntmn cotrnxmn n crpanax, nepexnnammnx nepexonte ne-
pnot, n nnanamn n ornomennn ntnoa nocx nyx onepann n Asnn: Hnrer-
pnponanno mnccnn OOH n Tnmope-Hemrn (HMOOHT) n MCCF.
B Tnmope-Hemrn nepntm marom x anno sannannponannomy ntnoy mn-
pornopnen n 2011 r. cran nepexo ncnonnnrentntx nonnomoun no ocymecrn-
nennm, ynpannennm n xonrponm nce exrentnocrn nonnnnn or HMOOHT
x nannonantno nonnnnn Bocrounoro Tnmopa. B cenrxpe 2011 r. npannrent-
crno Bocrounoro Tnmopa n HMOOHT nonncann Conmecrnt nnan na nepe-
xont nepno, opnenrnponannt na saxptrne HMOOHT n exape 2012 r.
B coornercrnnn c +rnm nnanom tna npeycmorpena nepeaua na pannem +ra-
ne orentntx xareropn rexnnuecxnx cpecrn HMOOHT nannonantntm nna-
crxm, c rem urot onn mornn nepenxrt ontr ero ncnontsonannx n ocnyxn-
nannx, noxa mnccnx eme paoraer n crpane. HMOOHT yer axrnnno oxast-
nart noepxxy mecrntm nnacrxm n nepno nononnne 2012 r. n n nepno
nponeennx npesnenrcxnx n napnamenrcxnx ntopon, nocne uero ee nonn-
necxn xomnonenr n xonrnnrenr o]nnepon noenno cnxsn yer nocrenenno
coxpamen
15
. Homnmo +roro n nnane npeycmorpent pasnnunte napnanrt
npncyrcrnnx n paort OOH n Tnmope-Hemrn nocne saxptrnx HMOOHT
16
.


Enpona

B 2011 r. n Enpone npononnoct 15 mnpornopuecxnx onepann (rax xe,
xax n n 2010 r.), a omax uncnennocrt pasnepnyroro nepconana pernona coxpa-
rnnact c 15 000 uenonex n 2010 r. o 12 000 uenonex n 2011 r. (cm. ran. 3.1)
n pesyntrare ntnonnennx crparernn no+rannoro coxpamennx Cnn HATO nx
Kocono (CK).
Ha ocnonannn +ro crparernn 12 ner cnycrx nocne nauana onepannn,
r. e. x 2011 r., ona onxna tna nepern na rpern +ran, xora uncnennocrt ee
nonncxoro xonrnnrenra yer coxpamena o 5000 uenonex. B xoneunom nrore
n crpane onxen tn ocrartcx mnnnmantnt ocrarount xonrnnrenr cep-
xnnannx, ecnn +ro yyr nosnonxrt nnyrpnnonnrnuecxax ocranonxa n o-
cranonxa c rouxn spennx esonacnocrn. Onaxo nexoropte crpant counn +ror
nnan coxpamennx upesmepno ocropoxntm n sarxnyrtm no npemenn, n yxe n
nauane 2009 r., xora +rn crpant oxnnnn o cpoxax nonnoro ntnoa cnoero
nepconana, moxno tno ormernrt nepnte npnsnaxn ycranocrn or mnccnn
17
.
Tem ne menee, necmorpx na ro uro onepannx ocrnrna rpertero +rana n mapre
2011 r., n pesyntrare cronxnonenn mexy cepamn n xoconcxo nonnnne n

15
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann, Coner Fesonacnocrn. oxna Ienepantnoro cexpe-
rapx o Hnrerpnponanno mnccnn OOH n Tnmope-Hemrn (sa nepno c 20 cenrxpx 2011 r. no
6 xnnapx 2012 r.). S/2012/43, 18 xnnapx 2012 r.
16
Oprannsannx Oennenntx Hann (cnocxa 15).
17
US Mission to NATO, NAC stresses that KFOR drawdown must remain conditions-based,
Cable to US State Department, no. 09USNATO409, 25 Sep. 2009, <http://wikileaks.ch/cable/
2009/09/09USNATO409.html>.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 119
xonne 2011 r. uncnennocrt noennoro nepconana CK tna nnont ynennuena
o 6700 uenonex, uro nnmnn pas nornepnno npanory HATO n ntope oc-
ropoxno crparernn nx CK na nepexont nepno
18
.


Bnnannn Boc1ox

Onnm ns camtx snaunrentntx cotrn n onacrn mnpornopuecrna n
2011 r. crano pasneprtnanne, xort n na nenpoonxnrentnt cpox, Mnccnn na-
nmarene Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn (cm. pasen II). 3ro tna nepnax
n ncropnn mnpornopuecxax onepannx, pasnepnyrax Hnro apacxnx rocyapcrn.
Eme onnm naxntm cotrnem crano ro, uro 18 exapx 2011 r., cnycrx
enxrt ner nocne nauana onepannn, sanepmnnn cnom mnccnm Mnoronanno-
nantnte cnnt n Hpaxe (MHC-H)
19
. Omn mxer MHC-H cocrannn 6.8 mnp
onn., a camax ntcoxax uncnennocrt nx nepconana ocrnrana 183 000 noen-
nocnyxamnx ns npnnnsnrentno 30 crpan
20
. MHC-H moxer cnyxnrt xpxnm
npnmepom roro, xax menxnact mnpornopuecxax onepannx na nporxxennn cno-
ero manara n xax crnpannct rpannnt mexy mnpornopuecxo n oeno one-
pannxmn n nponecce nauaro CBA rnoantno nont c reppopnsmom
21
.
MHC-H, MCCF, a concem neanno n onepannx Oennennt samnrnnx n
Hnnnn, nne ncxxoro comnennx, orpasnnnct na ornomennn x mnpornopuecrny
rpaxan npnnnmammnx crpan. uro onee naxno, onn nonnnxnn n na neenne
mnpornopuecxo exrentnocrn. Hanpnmep, n mnpe cymecrnenno cnnsnnact
roronnocrt npnmenxrt cnny. Bmecre c rem nanpamr nonynxpnocrt crpare-
rnn, nanpannennte na yxpennenne npnsnannx n nernrnmnocrn n rnasax mecr-
noro nacenennx sa cuer ocymecrnnennx npoexron c tcrpo oraue n npn-
nneuennx nponnnnnantntx rpynn no noccranonnennm
22
. B pesyntrare pasnep-
rtnannx MHC-H n MCCF cymecrnenno coxparnnnct pecypct, ocrynnte
nx mnpornopuecxo exrentnocrn, nocxontxy xax noennte, rax n ]nnanco-
nte cpecrna sanantx crpan oxasannct ornneuent na nponeenne +rnx one-
pann. Bepoxrno, onxen nporn eme ne onn ro, urot moxno tno n non-
no mepe onennrt nocnecrnnx pasneprtnannx MHC-H.


18
Nativi, A., NATO updates plans for Kosovo draw down, Aviation Week, 10 Feb. 2012.
19
Mnoronannonantnte cnnt n Hpaxe (MHC-H) tnn yupexent n coornercrnnn c Peso-
nmnne 1511 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH n 2003 r. Ha 1 xnnapx 2010 r. MHC-H tnn npeopa-
sonant n Mnoronannonantnte cnnt CBA n Hpaxe cornacno nycroponnnm pamountm co-
rnamennem no nonpocam esonacnocrn mexy CBA n Hpaxom. Cm. raxxe cnocxy 21.
20
O omnx pacxoax na nony n Hpaxe cm. pasen II rnant 4 nacroxmero nsannx.
21
B nexoroptx npetymnx ntnycxax Exeronnxa CHHPH MHC-H ornocnnn x uncny
mnpornopuecxnx onepann (xorx n ee saaun nxonna opta c noncrannamn) n nxnmuann n
rannnt mnorocroponnnx mnpornopuecxnx onepann sa 20032006 rr. Onaxo nnocnecrnnn
+ra nosnnnx tna nepecmorpena, n c 2006 r. MHC-H tna ncxnmuena ns +ro rannnt, no-
cxontxy ee axnenr cmecrnncx c ntnonnennx mnpornopuecxnx saau n cropony npornnoecr-
nnx noncrannam, n cnny uero ona nepecrana coornercrnonart onpeenennm mnpornopuecxo
onepannn, npnnxromy n CHHPH.
22
Wiharta, S., Peacekeeping: keeping pace with changes in conflict, SIPRI Yearbook 2006,
pp. 107128.
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 120
IV. TAFHHHA HO MHOIOCTOPOHHHM MHPOTBOPuECKHM
OHEPAHHM B 2011 r.


Kn+p uAHuHHH
1


B ran. 3.2. npecrannent annte o 52 mnorocroponnnx mnpornopue-
cxnx onepannxx, xoropte npononnnct n 2011 r., n rom uncne o onepannxx,
nauartx nnn sanepmenntx n reuenne yxasannoro roa. B coornercrnnn c on-
peenennem mnpornopuecxne onepannn onxnt: (a) cnococrnonart ntnon-
nennm yxe saxnmuenntx mnpntx cornamenn, (b) noepxnnart mnpnt
nponecc n (c) coecrnonart npeornpamennm xon]nnxra nnn ycnnnxm n o-
nacrn mnpocrponrentcrna.
CHHPH ncnontsyer ntpaorannoe enapramenrom onepann no no-
epxannm mnpa (OHM) onpeenenne mnpornopuecrna xax mexannsma co-
ecrnnx oxnauenntm xon]nnxramn crpanam no cosannm ycnonn nx oc-
rnxennx ycrounnoro mnpa. Mnpornopuecxne saaun moryr nxnmuart: monn-
ropnnr n nanmenne sa ntnonnennem cornamenn o npexpamennn ornx;
ocymecrnnenne mep yxpennennx onepnx; oxpany ocrannxemo rymannrap-
no nomomn; coecrnne nponeccam emonnnsannn n pennrerpannn; yxpen-
nenne opranon npanocynx n npanonopxxa (n rom uncne n nennrennnapno
cncremt), nonnnnn n samnrt npan uenonexa; nomomt n nponeennn ntopon;
coecrnne +xonomnuecxomy n connantnomy pasnnrnm. Taxnm opasom, ra-
nnna oxnartnaer mnpoxn cnexrp mnpornopuecxnx mnccn, uro cnnerentcr-
nyer o rom, uro manart +rnx mnccn cranonxrcx nce onee cnoxntmn, a ca-
mn mnccnn co npemenem moryr nsmenxrtcx. B rannny ne nxnmuent nocpe-
nnuecxne mnccnn, mnccnn no copy nn]opmannn nnn coecrnnm n
nponeennn ntopon, a raxxe mnpornopuecxne mnccnn, cocroxmne ns ]nsn-
uecxnx nnn-nepesnenron nnn nx rpynn, yuacrnymmnx n neperonopnom npo-
necce, n onepannn, ne canxnnonnponannte OOH.
B rannny nxnmuent onepannn, npononmte OOH, pernonantntmn op-
rannsannxmn nnn antxncamn n npemenntmn xoannnnxmn n canxnnonnponan-
nte OOH nnn pesonmnne Conera Fesonacnocrn. Onepannn OOH pasenent
na rpn rpynnt: (a) mnccnn nanmarene n mnoronnanonte onepannn, npo-
nonmte OHM; (b) cnennantnte nonnrnuecxne mnccnn n mnccnn no mnpo-
crponrentcrny; (c) cmemannax onepannx AC n OOH n ap]ype (RHAMH).
Tannna nororonnena na ocnone anntx Fast anntx CHHPH no mnoro-
croponnnm mnpornopuecxnm onepannxm <http: www.sipri.org/daqtabases/pko>,
re coepxnrcx nn]opmannx oo ncex mnpornopuecxnx onepannxx, nponon-
mtx OOH n pyrnmn oprannsannxmn c 2000 r., n rom uncne o mecre nponee-
nnx onepannn, arax pasneprtnannx n nponeennx onepannn, manare, crpa-
nax-yuacrnnnax, uncnennocrn nepconana, sarparax n norepxx.



1
Homomt npn cocrannennn rannnt 3.2. oxasana craxep CHHPH Kcennx Aneson.
MHPOTBOPHECKHE OHEPAHHH 121
Hc1ounnxn n ue1om

Memooi

Yrnepxennax uncnennocrt nepconana npnnonrcx n coornercrnne c no-
cnennm npnnxrtm pemennem no cocroxnnm na 2011 r. annte o uncnenno-
crn mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n oponontnax n rannny ne
nxnmuent, no, re nosmoxno, npnnoxrcx n npnmeuannxx. nx mnccn EC
nn]opmannx o yrnepxenno uncnennocrn rpaxancxoro nepconana npnno-
nrcx n cronne rannnt, coepxamem annte o rpaxancxo nonnnnn.
Honnym nn]opmannm o uncnennocrn nannonantntx xonrnnrenron moxno
narn n Fase anntx CHHPH no mnorocroponnnm mnpornopuecxnm onepann-
xm <http: www.sipri.org/daqtabases/pko>. B xareropnm nanmarenn nxnm-
uent xax noennte, rax n rpaxancxne nanmarenn.
Cneennx o uncnennocrn norept npnnoxrcx xax c nauana ntnonnennx
mnccnn, rax n sa 2011 r. annte o npnunnax rnenn nepconana n pesyntrare
necuacrnoro cnyuax, npaxenoro axra nnn onesnn npnnoxrcx sa 2011 r.
Onaxo npnunna rnenn yxastnaercx n oruernocrn ne ncera, no+romy npnne-
ennoe n rannne xonnuecrno norept no rpem yxasanntm xareropnxm moxer
ne connaart c nx omnm uncnom. Kpome roro, ne nce oprannsannn n antxnct
npeocrannxmr annte o norepxx cpen mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepco-
nana, xax +ro enaer OOH.
annte no mxeram npnneent n mnnnnonax onnapon CBA no re-
xymnm nenam na 2011 r. no cocroxnnm na xanenapnt, a ne ]nnancont
ro, uro nosnonxer enart conocrannennx no xaxo mnccnn no npemenn.
annte sa xanenapnt ro paccunrtnamrcx na ocnone npenonoxennx o
pannomepntx sarparax n reuenne ]nnanconoro roa. Pacxot, conepmaemte
ne n onnapax CBA, nepecunrtnamrcx na ocnone omnx ptnountx xypcon
nanmr nx 2011 r., nynnxyemtx Mexynapontm nanmrntm ]onom (MBu).
3arpart, npnneennte n ornomennn mnccn OOH n OFCE, yxastnamrcx na
ocnone mxerntx snauenn, cymmt sarpar no pyrnm onepannxm na ase
]axrnuecxnx snauenn.
Fmxernte annte no mnccnxm OOH ornocxrcx x paspxy ocnonntx
pacxoon na coepxanne, xoropte, nomnmo npouero, nxnmuamr sarpart na
pasnepnyrt nepconan, cyrounte nx nero n npxmte sarpart na noepxxy
sa npeenamn crpant pasneprtnannx (nanpnmep, na ]nnancnponanne yuera
mnpornopuecxnx onepann n +xcnnyarannm ast cnxsn OOH n Fpnnnsn,
Hrannx). 3arpart na mnpornopuecxne onepannn OOH ocymecrnnxmrcx sa
cuer npxmtx nsnocon ncex rocyapcrn unenon OOH no cnennantno paspao-
ranno mxane nne sanncnmocrn or nx yuacrnx n ro nnn nno onepannn. Ho-
nnrnuecxne onepannn n mnccnn no mnpocrponrentcrny ]nnancnpymrcx sa
cuer perynxpntx nsnocon n mxer. Fmxert OOH na mnpornopuecxym ex-
rentnocrt ne noxptnamr sarpart na peannsannm orentntx nporpamm, na-
npnmep, na pasopyxenne, emonnnsannm n pennrerpannm, xoropte ]nnan-
cnpymrcx sa cuer oponontntx nsnocon.
annte o mxerax mnccn Oprannsannn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oro-
nopa (HATO) nxnmuamr rontxo omne pacxot. Inanntm opasom onn nxnm-
uaer sarpart na ]ynxnnonnponanne mraon HATO (r. e. na coepxanne rpa-
BE3OHACHOCTB H KOH4HHKTB, 2011 122
xancxoro nepconana, a raxxe na nponeenne n oecneuenne onepann) n nn-
necrnnnn n nn]pacrpyxrypy, neoxonmym nx oecneuennx mnccnn. Pacxo-
t na pasneprtnanne nepconana necyr orentnte rocyapcrna-unent, no+ro-
my annte o raxnx sarparax ne npnnoxrcx n rannne.
Fontmax uacrt mnccn EC ]nnancnpyercx onnm ns nyx cnocoon n sa-
nncnmocrn or roro, nocxr nn onn noennt nnn rpaxancxn xapaxrep. Ipax-
ancxne mnccnn ]nnancnpymrcx sa cuer mxera Ome nnemne nonnrnxn
n nonnrnxn esonacnocrn Enpocomsa, a noennte mnccnn, xax n onepannn,
nxnmuammne noennt xomnonenr, ]nnancnpymrcx sa cuer nsnocon rocy-
apcrn, yuacrnymmnx n onepannn, uepes A]nncxn mexannsm, xoropt npe-
ycmarpnnaer rontxo nxna rocyapcrn, yuacrnymmnx n onepannn.
B cnyuae onepann, ocymecrnnxemtx nnn pyxononmtx pyrnmn opra-
nnsannxmn, raxnmn xax Oprannsannx amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn (OAI), nno
npemenntmn xoannnnxmn, n annte o mxerax moryr trt nxnmuent pac-
xot na peannsannm nporpamm.
Ho ncem +rnm npnunnam npnneennte n ran. 3.2 annte o mxerax
cneyer paccmarpnnart xax onenounte n nentsx conocrannxrt pyr c pyrom.
Ecnn ne yxasano nnoe, nce annte npnneent no cocroxnnm na 31 e-
xapx 2010 r. B cnyuae onepann, sanepmenntx n 2011 r., annte npnnoxrcx
no cocroxnnm na ary sanepmennx mnccnn.


Hcmo:uuru

annte o mexynapontx mnpornopuecxnx mnccnxx nsxrt ns cneym-
mnx orxptrtx ncrounnxon: (a) o]nnnantno nn]opmannn, npeocrannenno
cexperapnarom oprannsannn; (b) nn]opmannn, npeocrannenno npecrann-
renxmn mnccn na mecrax n coepxamecx xax n o]nnnantntx nynnxannxx,
ra n n ornerax na exeronte onpocnte nncrt CHHPH; (c) nn]opmannn na-
nnonantntx npannrentcrn rocyapcrn, yuacrnymmnx n ocymecrnnennn one-
pann. B pxe cnyuaen anannrnxn CHHPH moryr conpart ononnnrentnym
nn]opmannm o mnccnxx, cnxstnaxct c npecrannrenxmn nponoxmnx oprann-
sann nnn opranon rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon no rene]ony nnn +nexrponno
noure. B ononnenne x +rnm ocnonntm ncrounnxam ncnontsyercx mnpoxn
cnexrp orxptrtx ncrounnxon, n rom uncne cnennannsnponannte xypnant,
nayunte oxnat, coomennx nn]opmannonntx arenrcrn, a raxxe nynnxa-
nnn n mexynapontx, pernonantntx n mecrntx raserax.




M
H
P
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T
B
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E
C
K
H
E

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A
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1
2
3
Tannna 3.2. Mnoroc1oponnne unpo1nopuecxne unccnn, 2011 r.
Honyxnpntm mpn]rom ntenent nasnannx rocyapcrn, npncoennnnmnxcx x yxe ocymecrnnxmmnmcx mnccnxm n 2011 r. Kypcnnom ntenent
nasnannx rocyapcrn, npexparnnmnx yuacrne n onepannxx n 2011 r. nx onepann, nauartx n 2011 r., nasnanne npanonoro oxymenra, cnyxamero
ocnonannem nx ee nauana, nteneno nonyxnpntm mpn]rom. Hasnannx raxnx oxymenron nx onepann, npexpamenntx n 2011 r., ntenent
xypcnnom. Houepxnnannem ntenent nasnannx neymnx rocyapcrn (r. e. rocyapcrn, ocymecrnnxmmnx oneparnnnoe xomanonanne nnn
npeocrannnmnx nanonee mnorouncnennte xonrnnrenrt) n cnyuae onepann, nmemmnx nonnnecxn nnn noennt xomnonenr.
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.
Oprannsannn Osennennmx Hannn (OOH)

Bcero: 15 onepannn 115 c1pan-yuac1nnn* 73 091**
1 528**
10 045**
4 119**
64 599**
1 700**
9 350**
4 339**
1 350
88
5 528.9
1 071.1
* B cnxsn c orcyrcrnnem anntx o rocyapcrnax, nanpannxmmnx rpaxancxn nepconan, n +ro uncno nxnmuent rontxo crpant, npeocrannnmne n
2011 r. n pacnopxxenne enapramenra mnpornopuecxnx onepann OOH xonrnnrenrt noennocnyxamnx n nonnnecxnx.
** C rem urot nsexart nonropnoro yuera, nocxontxy ontmax uacrt nepconana Bpemenntx cnn OOH no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n Atee
(RHHCuA) n Mnccnn OOH n Rxnom Cyane (MOOHRC), tna nepepomena n +rn mnccnn ns saxptro n nmne 2011 r. Mnccnn OOH n Cyane
(MOOHBC), nepconan nocnene n npnneenntx anntx ne yuren.
Opeau OOH no uao.moeuum sa eino.ueuue+ yc.oeu nepe+upu (OHBVH)
OHBYH yupexen cornacno PCF 50 (29 max 1948 r.) n ynonnomouen coecrnonart Hocpennxy n Komnccnn no nepemnpnm n xonrpone sa
conmennem nepemnpnx n Hanecrnne nocne apao-nspanntcxo nont 1948 r. B nocneymmne rot on raxxe oxastnan coecrnne n xonrpone sa
conmennem Omero cornamennx o nepemnpnn or 1949 r. n pexnmon npexpamennx ornx nocne Becrnnenno apao-nspanntcxo nont 1967 r.
OHBYH recno corpynnuaer c COOHHP n BCOOHH. nx npexpamennx ero exrentnocrn rpeyercx pemenne Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.


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3
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

PCF 50
nmnt 1948 r.
Ernner, Hspannt,
Hnnan, Cnpnx
Ha.: Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx,
Kanaa, unnn, Knra, annx, 3cronnx, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Ma.aeu, Henan,
Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Poccnx,
Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, CBA

150

120

150

101*
50

30.3

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 132 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Ipynna eoeuuix uao.moame.e OOH e Huouu u Harucmaue (IBHOOHHH)
IBHOOHHH y:pe+oeua coe.acuo PCB 91 (30 +apma 1951 e.) u yno.uo+o:eua ocyuecme.mi uaosop sa coo.moeuue+ pe+u+a nperpaueuu oeu e
Kau+upe e coomeemcmeuu c coe.aueuue+, noonucauui+ e Kapa:u (um.i 1949 e.). . nperpaueuu ee oeme.iuocmu mpeoyemc peueuue Coeema
Besonacuocmu OOH.
PCF 91
mapr 1951 r.
Hnnx, Haxncran
(xammy,
Kammnp)
Ha.: unnn, Xopnarnx, unnnxnnx, Hrannx, Kopex
(Rxnax), unnnnnnnt, Bnennx, Ypyrna

48

26

39

25*
11

8.1

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 51 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Boopy+euuie cu.i OOH no noooep+auum +upa ua Kunpe (BCOOHK)
BCOOHK y:pe+oeui coe.acuo PCB 186 (4 +apma 1964 e.) u yno.uo+o:eui npeoomepauami cmo.ruoeeuu +e+oy runpcro-epe:ecro u runpcro-mypero oouuua+u u
cooecmeoeami noooep+auum u eoccmauoe.euum saroua u nopora. Hoc.e orou:auu ooeeix oecmeu, c 1974 e., e +auoam +uccuu oi.u er.m:eui saoa:u no
uao.moeuum sa coo.moeuue+ oe-qarmo cyuecmeymueeo pe+u+a nperpaueuu oeu (aeeycm 1974 e.) u noooep+auum oyqepuo soui +e+oy oey+ cmopoua+u.
Coe.acuo PCB 2026 (14 oeraop 2011 e.) +auoam oi. npoo.eu oo 19 um. 2012 e.



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PCF 186
mapr 1964 r.
Knnp
Bocxa: Aprenrnna, Ancrpnx, Fpasnnnx, Kanaa,
unnn, Kn1an, Xopnarnx, Benrpnx, Haparna, Cepnx,
Cnonaxnx, Bennxopnrannx
Ip. non.: Ancrpannx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
Xopnarnx, Cantnaop, Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx,
uepnoropnx, Huoep.auoi, Cepnn, Yxpanna
860

69
39
872

69
38*
181
1
(,,,1)
58.2
..
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 112 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Cu.i OOH no uao.moeuum sa paseouueuue+ (COOHHP)
COOHHP cosoaui coe.acuo PCB 350 (31 +a 1974 e.) u yno.uo+o:eui uao.moami sa coo.moeuue+ pe+u+a nperpaueuu oeu u paseouueuu uspau.icrux u cupucrux
cu., a mar+e noooep+ueami paou oepauu:euu u paseouueuu e coomeemcmeuu c Coe.aueuue+ o paseouueuuu 1973 e. Coe.acuo PCB 2028 (21 oeraop 2011 e.)
+auoam npoo.eu oo 30 umu 2012 e.
PCF 350
nmnt 1974 r.
Cnpnx
Bocxa: Ancrpnx, Kanaa, Xopnarnx, Hnnx, nonnx,
mnnnnnnnm
1047


47
1043


41*
43

49.2
18.3
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 103 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Bpe+euuie cu.i OOH e Hueaue (BCOOHH)
BCOOHH y:pe+oeui coe.acuo PCB 425 u 426 (19 +apma 1978 e.) u yno.uo+o:eui noomeepoumi eieoo uspau.icrux cu. us m+uoeo Hueaua, a mar+e
cooecmeoeami npaeume.icmey Hueaua e ooecne:euuu eosepama eeo sarouuo e.acmu e omo+ paoue. Hoc.e rouq.urma +e+oy Hspau.e+ u
"Xesoa..o" e 2006 e. +auoam BCOOHH oi. us+eueu e coomeemcmeuu c PCB 1701 (11 aeeycma 2006 e.): e ueeo oi.u er.m:eui saoa:u, cesauuie c
ycmauoe.euue+ nocmouuoeo pe+u+a nperpaueuu oeu u roumpo.e+ sa eeo coo.moeuue+. Coe.acuo PCB 2004 (30 aeeycma 2011 e.) +auoam npoo.eu
oo 31 aeeycma 2012 e.
PCF 425 n 426
mapr 1978 r.
Hnnan
Bocxa: Anc1pnn, Fanrnaem, Benapyct, Fentrnx,
Fpasnnnx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Kamoxa, Knra,
Xopnarnx, Knnp, auu, Cantnaop, upannnx,
Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Inaremana, Benrpnx, Hnnx,
Hnonesnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Kopex (Rxnax),
FRPM, Manasnx, Henan, Hnrepnn, Hopryrannx,
Karap, Cepnx, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonennx, Hcnannx,
Bpn-Hanxa, Tansannx, Typnnx
15000


407
12017


353*
293
3
(,1,1,1)
532.1
..
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 666 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.


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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Muccu OOH no npoeeoeuum peqepeuoy+a e 3anaouo Caxape (MOOHP3C)
MOOHP3C yupexena cornacno PCF 690 (29 anpenx 1991 r.) nx nanmennx sa ntnonnennem pexnma npexpamennx ornx mexy "uponrom
HOHHCAPHO" n npannrentcrnom Mapoxxo, nanmennx sa coxpamennem nocx n nororonxn x nosmoxnomy pe]epenymy o nxnmuennn 3anano
Caxapt n cocran Mapoxxo. Cornacno PCF 1979 (27 anpenx 2011 r.) manar nponen o 30 anpenx 2012 r.
PCF 690
cenrxpt 1991 r.
3ananax Caxapa
Bocxa: Fanrnaem, Iana
Ha.: Aprenrnna, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fpasnnnx, Knra,
Xopnarnx, xnyrn, Ernner, Cantnaop, upannnx, Iana,
Ipennx, Innnex, Ionypac, Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx,
Hopoauu, Kopex (Rxnax), Manasnx, Monronnx,
Henan, Hnrepnx, Haxncran, Haparna, Hontma,
Poccnx, Bpn-Hanxa, Ypyrna, Hemen
Ip. non.: Hao, Ernner, Ca.ieaoop, Hopannx, Hemen
27
203
6
108
27
195
6
102*
15

61,6
44,7
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 165 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 19 oponontnen OOH.
Muccu OOH no oe.a+ epe+euuo ao+uuucmpauu e Kocoeo (MOOHK)
MOOHK yupexena cornacno PCF 1244 (10 nmnx 1999 r.), ee manar nxnmuan coecrnne ycranonnennm ycrounno anronomnn n camoynpannennx n
Kocono; ntnonnenne ]ynxnn rpaxancxo amnnncrpannn; noepxanne saxonnocrn n npanonopxxa; noompenne npan uenonexa n oecneuenne
esonacnoro nosnpamennx ncex exennen n nepememenntx nnn. Hocne nponosrnamennx nesanncnmocrn Kocono n pasneprtnannx EBHEKC-Kocono
manar MOOHK tn samenen saauamn no monnropnnry n noepxxe mecrntx nncrnryron. nx npexpamennx exrentnocrn MOOHK rpeyercx
pemenne Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
PCF 1244
nmnt 1999 r.
Kocono
Ha.: uemcxax Pecnynnxa, auu, Hopnernx, Hontma,
Hop1yrannn, Pymtnnx, Hcnannx, Typnnn, Yxpanna
Ip. non.: Iepmannx, Iana, Hrannx, Haxncran,
Pymtnnx, Poccu, Typnnx, Yxpanna

8
8
173

9
7
150*
54

46,4
..
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 215 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 26 oponontnen OOH.



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Muccu OOH no cmaou.usauu e e+orpamu:ecro Pecnyo.ure Koueo (MOOHCPK)
Mnccnx OOH n emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro (MOOHPK) tna yupexena cornacno PCF 1279 (30 noxpx 1999 r.). Cornacno PCF 1291
(24 ]enpanx 2000 r.) ona ynonnomouena nanmart sa ocymecrnnennem Cornamennx o npexpamennn ornx mexy emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxo
Konro (PK), Anrono, Hamnne, Pyano, Yrano n 3nmane, ocymecrnnxrt monnropnnr n nornepxart ]axr pasennennx cnn, orcnexnnart
cnyuan napymennx npan uenonexa n coecrnonart npeocrannennm rymannrapno nomomn. Cornacno PCF 1493 (28 nmnx 2003 r.) mnccnn tnn
npeocrannent nonnomounx n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH. Cornacno PCF 1856 (22 exapx 2008 r.) mnccnx ynonnomouena samnmart
rpaxancxoe nacenenne, rymannrapnt nepconan n nepconan n oexrt OOH, coecrnonart pasopyxennm, emonnnsannn n nnrerpannn (PP)
nnocrpanntx n xonronescxnx noopyxenntx rpynnnponox, cnococrnonart pe]opmnponannm cexropa esonacnocrn n oecneunnart nororonxy n
nacrannnuecrno nx xonronescxnx noopyxenntx cnn, yuacrnonart n oecneuennn reppnropnantno nenocrnocrn PK, a raxxe coecrnonart
nponeccy yxpennennx emoxparnuecxnx nncrnryron n npanonopxxa. Cornacno PCF 1925 (28 max 2010 r.) mnccnx tna peoprannsonana n mnccnm no
crannnsannn n nepenmenonana n MOOHCPK. Mnccnx corpynnuaer c HMECPK n MECPFPK. B coornercrnnn c PCF 1991 (28 nmnx 2011 r.) ee
manar nponen o 30 nmnx 2012 r. n pacmnpen: n nero nxnmuent saaun coecrnnx n oprannsannn n nponeennx ntopon n nannonantnte,
nponnnnnantnte n mecrnte oprant nnacrn n noxpe 2011 r.
PCF 1279
noxpt 1999 r.
emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa
Konro

Bocxa: Fanrnaem, Fentrnx, Fennn, Knra, Ernner,
Iana, Inaremana, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hopannx,
Mapoxxo, Henan, Haxncran, Cepnx, RAP, Ypyrna
Ha.: A.+up, Fanrnaem, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fonnnnx,
Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fypxnna-uaco, Kamepyn,
Kanaa, Knra, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, auu, Ernner,
upannnx, Iana, Inaremana, Hnnx, Hnonesnx,
Hpnannx, Hopannx, Kennx, Manann, Manasnx,
Mann, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx, Henan, Hnrep,
Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Haxncran, Haparna, Hepy,
Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Ceneran, Cepnx, RAP,
Hcnannx, Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx,
Tansannx, Tynnc, Bennxopnrannx, Yxpanna, Ypyrna,
CBA, Hemen, 3amnx
Ip. non.: Fanrnaem, Bentrnn, Fennn, Fypxnna-
uaco, Kamepyn, Kauaoa, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax
Pecnynnxa, ua, Kor-'Hnyap, Ernner, upannnx,
Innnex, Hnnx, Hopannx, Maaracxap, Mann,
Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Pymtnnx, Ceneran, Bnennx, Toro,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, Ypyrnan, Hemen
19 815
760
1441
1180
16 854
703
1371
976*
204
33
(3,17,13,)
1429.2
353.3
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 2865 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 614 oponontnen OOH.


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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Muccu OOH e Huoepuu (MOOHH)
MOOHH yupexena cornacno PCF 1509 (19 cenrxpx 2003 r.) n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH. Ona ynonnomouena noepxnnart ocymecrnnenne
Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro cornamennx 2003 r., oxastnart coecrnne n rymannrapntx nonpocax n nonpocax npan uenonexa, cnococrnonart pe]opmnpo-
nannm cexropa esonacnocrn n samnmart rpaxancxoe nacenenne. Cornacno PCF 1938 (15 cenrxpx 2010 r.) n manar mnccnn nxnmueno oxasanne npann-
rentcrny Hnepnn nomomn n oprannsannn n nponeennn npesnenrcxnx ntopon n ntopon n saxonoarentnte oprant nnacrn n 2011 r. Mnccnx
corpynnuaer c OOOHKH n OHOOHCH. B coornercrnnn c PCF 2008 (16 cenrxpx 2011 r.) rexymn manar nponen o 30 cenrxpx 2012 r.
PCF 1509
oxrxpt 2003 r.
Hnepnx
Bocxa: Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx,
Knra, Xopnarnx, annx, 3xnaop, 3]nonnx,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iana, Hopannx, Kopex
(Rxnax), Moueo.u, Hamnnx, Henan, Hnrepnx,
Haxncran, Haparna, Hepy, unnnnnnnt, Ceneran,
Toro, Yxpanna, CBA, Hemen
Ha.: Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx,
Fonrapnx, Knra, annx, 3xnaop, Ernner, Cantnaop,
3]nonnx, Iamnx, Iana, Hnonesnx, Hopannx, Kopex
(Rxnax), Ktprtscran, Manasnx, Mann, Monona,
uepnoropnx, Haunnn, Henan, Hnrep, Hnrepnx,
Haxncran, Haparna, Hepy, unnnnnnnt, Hontma,
Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Ceneran, Cepnx, Toro, Yxpanna,
CBA, 3amnx, 3nmane
Ip. non.: Aprenrnna, Fanrnaem, Focnnx n
Iepneronnna, Knra, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner,
Cantnaop, unxn, Iamnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Hnnx,
maxa, Hopannx, Kennx, Ktprtscran, Hamnnx,
Henan, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Haxncran, unnnnnnnt,
Hontma, Poccnx, Pyana, Cepnx, Bpn-Hanxa,
Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Typnnx, Yrana, Yxpanna,
Vpyeea, CBA, Hemen, 3amnx, 3nmane
8202
133
1375
544
7778
131
1297
477*
164
12
(2,3,6,)
524.9
55
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 991 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 255 oponontnen OOH.



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Onepau OOH e Kom-oHeyape (OOOHKH)
OOOHKH yupexena cornacno PCF 1528 (27 ]enpanx 2004 r.) n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH. Ona ynonnomouena cnenrt sa conmennem
pexnma npexpamennx noenntx ecrnn, nepennxennxmn noopyxenntx rpynn n conmennem +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, ocymecrnnxrt
nporpammy PP, oxastnart noepxxy n pe]opmnponannn cexropa esonacnocrn, oxastnart coecrnne n c]epe saxonnocrn n npanonopxxa, npan
uenonexa n omecrnenno nn]opmannn; cnococrnonart oxasannm rymannrapno nomomn n noccranonnennm rocyapcrnenno amnnncrpannn, a
raxxe nponeennm cnoontx ntopon. B 2007 r. manar tn pacmnpen: n nero tnn nxnmuent saaun no noepxxe nonnonennoro ocymecrnnennx
Yarayrcxoro nonnrnuecxoro cornamennx (4 mapra 2007 r.) n ononnnrentntx cornamenn (28 noxpx 2007 r.). B coornercrnnn c PCF 1933 (30 nmnx
2010 r.) n manar mnccnn tnn nxnmuent saaun samnrt rpaxancxoro nacenennx. OOOHKH nsanmoecrnyer c MOOHH n onepanne "Ennopor".
Hocne nonnrnuecxoro xpnsnca, nocneonanmero sa npesnenrcxnmn ntopamn n noxpe 2010 r., n coornercrnnn c PCF 1951 (24 noxpx 2010 r.) tna
paspemena npemennax nepepocxa nocx ns MOOHH nx yxpennennx OOOHKH, a n coornercrnnn c PCF 1967 (19 xnnapx 2011 r.) tno paspemeno
pasneprtnanne n pamxax mnccnn ononnnrentnoro xonrnnrenra n 2000 uenonex. Cornacno PCF 2000 (27 nmnx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn tn nponen o
31 nmnx 2012 r.
PCF 1528
anpent 2004 r.
Kor-Hnyap

Bocxa: Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fpasnnnx, ua, Ernner,
upannnx, Iana, Hopannx, Manann, Mapoxxo, Henan,
Hnrep, Hnrepnn, Haxncran, Haparna, unnnnnnnt,
Ceneran, Tansannx, Toro, Tynnc, Yrana, Hemen
Ha.: Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx, ua,
Knra, 3xnaop, Cantnaop, 3]nonnx, Iamnx, Iana,
Inaremana, Innnex, Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hopannx, Kopex
(Rxnax), Manann, Monona, Hamnnx, Henan, Hnrep,
Hnrepnx, Haxncran, Haparna, Hepy, unnnnnnnt,
Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Ceneran, Cepnx, Tansannx,
Toro, Tynnc, Yrana, Ypyrna, Hemen, 3amnx,
3nmane
Ip. non.: Aprenrnna, Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fypynn,
Kamepyn, Kanaa, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa,
ua, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), xnyrn,
Ernner, upannnx, Iana, Hopannx, Maaracxap, Hnrep,
Hnrepnn, Haxncran, Pyana, Ceneran, Leeapu,
Toro, Typnnx, Yxpanna, Vpyeea, Hemen
9600*
192
1350
500
9416
197
1386
397**
89
18
(,5,11,)
565.5
53.6
* B coornercrnnn c PCF 1967 (19 xnnapx 2011 r.) tno paspemeno pasneprtnanne ononnnrentnoro noennoro xonrnnrenra n 2000 uenonex o 30
nmnx 2011 r. B PCF 2000 (27 nmnx 2011 r.). Coner nocranonnn, uro yrnepxennax uncnennocrt noennoro xomnonenra OOOHKH yer no-npexnemy
cocrannxrt 9792 uenonexa, nxnmuax 9600 noennocnyxamnx n mrantx o]nnepon, n rom uncne 2400 noennocnyxamnx, ononnnrentno
canxnnonnponanntx Pesonmnne 1942 (2010 r.) n 1967 (2011 r.), n 192 noenntx nanmarenx, a yrnepxennax uncnennocrt nonnnecxoro xomnonenra
OOOHKH yer no-npexnemy cocrannxrt 1350 uenonex.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 743 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 276 oponontnen OOH.


1
3
0

































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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Muccu OOH no cmaou.usauu e Iaumu (MOOHCI)
MOOHCI yupexena cornacno PCF 1542 (30 anpenx 2004 r.) n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH n ynonnomouena noepxnnart esonacnte n
cranntnte ycnonnx nx nponnxennx mnpnoro nponecca; cnococrnonart pe]opmnponannm cexropa esonacnocrn, n rom uncne nceoemnmme
nporpamme PP, napamnnanne norennnana nannonantno nonnnnn n noccranonnenne npanonopxxa; oxastnart coecrnne n nororonxe x cnoontm
ntopam; noepxnnart rymannrapnym exrentnocrt n exrentnocrt n onacrn npan uenonexa; samnmart rpaxancxoe nacenenne. B coornercrnnn c
PCF 1927 (4 nmnx 2010 r.) mnccnn tno nopyueno oxasart npannrentcrny Ianrn nomomt n nororonxe mynnnnnantntx n npesnenrcxnx ntopon,
nameuenntx na 2010 r. Cornacno PCF 2012 (14 oxrxpx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 15 oxrxpx 2012 r.
PCF 1542
nmnt 2004 r.
Ianrn

Bocxa: Aprenrnna, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx, Kanaa,
unnn, 3xnaop, upannnx, Inaremana, Hnonesnn,
nonnx, Hopannx, Kopex (Rxnax), Henan, Hapa-
rna, Hepy, unnnnnnnt, Bpn-Hanxa, Ypyrna, CBA
Ip. non.: Aprenrnna, Fanrnaem, Fennn, Fpasnnnx,
Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Hen-
rpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa, ua, unnn, Knra,
Konymnx, Kor-Hnyap, Xopnarnx, Ernner, Cantnaop,
upannnx, Ipenaa, Innnex, Ieuue-Bucay, Hnnx,
Hnonesnx, Hrannx, maxa, Hopannx, Ktprtscran,
Hnrna, Maaracxap, Mann, Henan, Hnrep, Hnrepnx,
Hopnernx, Haxncran, unnnnnnnt, Pymtnnx, Poccnx,
Pyana, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cteppa-Aeone, Hcnannx,
Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Tannan, Toro, Typnnx,
Ypyrna, CBA, Hemen
7340*

3241
534
8065

3546
568**
168
8
(,4,2,2)
586.8
247.5
* B coornercrnnn c PCF 2012 (14 oxrxpx 2011 r.) tna nsmenena conoxynnax uncnennocrt nepconana onepannn.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 1355 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 236 oponontnen OOH.



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Muccu OOH e Cyoaue (MOOHBC)
MOOHBC tna yupexena PCF 1590 (24 mapra 2005 r.) n coornercrnnn c rnano VII Ycrana OOH nocne saxnmuennx Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro
cornamennx 2005 r. Ona tna ynonnomouena cnenrt sa ocymecrnnennem mnpnoro cornamennx, samnmart n noompxrt npana uenonexa, coecrnonart
nponeccy PP n samnmart rpaxancxoe nacenenne n nepconan OOH. B 2010 r. ocnonno saaue mnccnn crana oecneuenne cranntnocrn npn
nororonxe sannannponannoro na xnnapt 2011 r. pe]epenyma no nonpocy o nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana n craryce paona Ate. Hocne
nponosrnamennx nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana n sanepmennx mecrnnernero mnpnoro nponecca, xoropt nauancx c nonncannx Bceoemnmmero
mnpnoro cornamennx, manar MOOHBC tn npexpamen 9 nmnx 2011 r.
PCB 1590
+apm 2005 e.
Cyoau

Bocra: Aecmpa.u, Baue.aoeu, Bpasu.u, Ka+ooo+a,
Kauaoa, Kuma, Xopeamu, Eeunem, 4uu.uou,
Iep+auu, Ipeu, Ieame+a.a, Huou, Bnouu,
Hopoauu, Keuu, Kope (P+ua), Ma.asu, Hena.,
Huoep.auoi, Hoea 3e.auou, Hueepu, Hopeeeu,
Harucmau, Poccu, Pyauoa, Cieppa-Heoue, Leeu,
Typu, Be.uroopumauu, He+eu, 3a+ou
Hao.: Aecmpa.u, Baue.aoeu, Be.ieu, Beuuu, Bo.ueu,
Bpasu.u, Bypruua-4aco, Ka+ooo+a, Kauaoa, Kuma,
auu, Jreaoop, Eeunem, Ca.ieaoop, 4uo+u,
4uu.uou, Iep+auu, Iaua, Ipeu, Ieame+a.a,
Ieuue, Huou, Huoouesu, Hpau, Hopoauu, Keuu,
Kope (P+ua), Kipeiscmau, Ma.asu, Ma.u,
Mo.ooea, Moueo.u, Ha+uou, Hena., Huoep.auoi,
Hoea 3e.auou, Hueepu, Hopeeeu, Harucmau,
Hapaeea, Hepy, 4u.unnuui, Ho.iua, Py+iuu,
Poccu, Pyauoa, Cieppa-Heoue, Lpu-Haura, Leeu,
Leeapu, Tausauu, Tau.auo, Veauoa,
Be.uroopumauu, Vrpauua, He+eu, 3a+ou, 3u+oaoee
Ip. no..: Apeeumuua, Aecmpa.u, Baue.aoeu, Bocuu u
Iepeeoeuua, Bpasu.u, Kauaoa, Kuma, Eeunem,
Ca.ieaoop, Jquonu, 4uo+u, Ia+ou, Iep+auu, Iaua,
Huou, Huoouesu, B+ara, Hopoauu, Keuu,
Kipeiscmau, Ma.asu, Ma.u, Ha+uou, Hena.,
Huoep.auoi, Hueepu, Hopeeeu, Harucmau, 4u.unnuui,
Poccu, Pyauoa, Ca+oa, Lpu-Haura, Leeu, Typu,
Veauoa, Vrpauua, CLA, He+eu, 3a+ou, 3u+oaoee
10 000
525
715
1098
9250
465
637
965*
60
4
(1,1,2,)
537.8
147.9
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnonano 2803 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 331 opononen OOH.


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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Humeepupoeauua +uccu OOH e Tu+ope-Heumu (HMOOHT)
HMOOHT yupexena cornacno PCF 1704 (25 anrycra 2006 r.) n ynonnomouena noepxnnart npannrentcrno Tnmopa-Hemrn n nocrxon]nnxrnom
mnpocrponrentcrne n nororonxe nannonantno nonnnnn Tnmopa-Hemrn. Cornacno PCF 1912 (26 ]enpanx 2010 r.) noepxano npenoxenne
Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH o peoprannsannn nonnnecxoro xomnonenra HMOOHT nocne nponeennx ntopon n nannonantnte n mynnnnnantnte
oprant nnacrn n 2012 r. B coornercrnnn c PCF 1969 (24 ]enpanx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 26 ]enpanx 2012 r. Hnannpyercx, uro onepannx
yer sanepmena 31 exapx 2012 r.
PCF 1704
anrycr 2006 r.
Tnmop-Hemrn

Ha.: Ancrpannx, Fanrnaem, Fpasnnnx, Knra,
unxn, Hnnx, nonnx, Manasnx, Henan, Honax
3enannx, Haxncran, unnnnnnnt, Hopryrannx,
Cteppa-Heone, Cnnranyp
Ip. non.: Ancrpannx, Fanrnaem, Fpasnnnx, Knra,
Xopnarnx, Ernner, Cantnaop, Iamnx, Hnnx, maxa,
Hopannx, Kopex (Rxnax), Ktprtscran, Manasnx,
Hamnnx, Henan, Honax 3enannx, Hnrepnx, Haxncran,
unnnnnnnt, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Camoa, Ceneran,
Cnnranyp, Hcnannx, Bpn-Hanxa, Tannan, Typnnx,
Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Hemen, 3amnx, 3nmane

34
1605
441

33
1183
394*
12
3
(, 1, 2, )
201.2
150.8
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 883 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 211 oponontnen OOH.
Bpe+euuie cu.i Opeauusauu Ooeouueuuix Hau no ooecne:euum oesonacuocmu e Aoiee (PHHC4A)
RHHCuA tnn yupexent n coornercrnnn c PCF 1990 (27 nmnx 2011 r.) n nonyunnn cneymmn manar: ocymecrnnxrt nanmenne n xonrpont sa
ntnoom ncex nopasenenn Cyancxnx noopyxenntx cnn n Cyancxo napono-ocnoonrentno apmnn nnn ee npeemnnxa ns paona Atex,
oxastnart nomomt n pasmnnnponannn, coecrnonart ocranxe rymannrapno nomomn, yxpennxrt nonnnnm Atex n oecneunnart esonacnocrt
ne]rxno nn]pacrpyxrypt n +rom paone. B coornercrnnn c PCF 2024 (14 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn tn pacmnpen, n nero tnn nxnmuent
saaun oxasannx coecrnnx nponeccy nopmannsannn cnryannn na rpannne mexy Cyanom n Rxntm Cyanom. Cornacno PCF 2032 (22 exapx
2011 r.) manar mnccnn tn nponen o 27 max 2012 r.



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PCB 1990
nmnt 2011
Aten
Boncxa: Ernne1, 3qnonnn, Ina1euana
Ha.: Bpasnnnn, 3qnonnn, Rnonnn, Mapoxxo
4200

50

3724
74

20
5
5
(, 4, 1, )
175.5
..
Muccu Opeauusauu Ooeouueuuix Hau e P+uo+ Cyoaue (MOOHPC)
MOOHRC yupexena cornacno PCF 1996 (8 nmnx 2011 r.) na nepnonauantnt nepno n onn ro. B ee manar nxoxr saaun coecrnnx ynpouennm
mnpa n, rem camtm, onrocpounomy rocyapcrnennomy crponrentcrny n +xonomnuecxomy pasnnrnm nyrem. Kpome roro, e nopyueno coecrnonart
npannrentcrny Pecnynnxn Rxnt Cyan n ocymecrnnennn nm cnonx oxsannocre no npeornpamennm, cmxruennm n yperynnponannm xon]nnxron
n samnre rpaxancxnx nnn, yxpennennn ero cnoconocrn oecneunrt esonacnocrt n nepxonencrno npana n yxpennrt cexropt esonacnocrn n
npanocynx.
PBC 1996
nmnt 2011 r.
Kanmn Cyan
Boncxa: Anc1pannn, Banrnaem, Bpasnnnn,
Kauoaa, Kanaa, Kn1an, Ernne1, Iepuannn,
Hnnn, Rnonnn, Hopannn, Kennn, Kopen
(Kanan), Honan 3enannn, Hnrepnn, Hopnernn,
Haxnc1an, Poccnn, Pyana, mnennn, mnennapnn,
Bennxopn1annn, Heuen, 3aunn
Ha.: Anc1pannn, Banrnaem, Bennn, Bonnnnn,
Bpasnnnn, Bypxnna-maco, Kauoaa, Kanaa,
Kn1an, annn, 3xnaop, Ernne1, Cantnaop,
mnan, Iepuannn, Ina1euana, Innnen, Hnnn,
Hnonesnn, Hopannn, Kennn, Kopen (Kanan),
Kmprmsc1an, Mann, Monona, Monronnn,
Haunnn, Henan, Honan 3enannn, Hnrepnn,
Hopnernn, HanyaHonan Innnen, Haparnan, Hepy,
mnnnnnnnm, Hontma, Pyumnnn, Poccnn, Pyana,
Cteppa-Aeone, mpn-Aanxa, mnennn,
mnennapnn, Tansannn, Tnuop-Aem1n, Yxpanna,
Heuen, 3aunn
Ip. non.:Apren1nna, Anc1pannn, Banrnaem,
Bocnnn n Iepneronnna, Kanaa, Kn1an,
Cantnaop, 3qnonnn, mnan, Iaunn, Iepuannn,
Iana, Hnnn, Hnonesnn, Ruanxa, Kennn,
Kmprmsc1an, Manansnn, Haunnn, Henan,
Hnrepnn, Hopnernn, mnnnnnnnm, Pyana, Cauoa,
mpn-Aanxa, mnennn, Typnnn, Yrana, Yxpanna,
CmA, 3aunn, 3nuane
7000

900

4803
169
485
697*
1
1
(,,1,)
722.1
..
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 1117 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 226 oponontnen OOH.


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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Cnennantnme nonn1nuecxne unccnn n onepannn no unpoc1pon1entc1ny OOH
Bcero: 4 onepannn . . 298
33
8
925
353
21
8
863
33
5
495

Muccu OOH no cooecmeum Aqeauucmauy (MOOHCA)
MOOHCA yupexena cornacno PCF 1401 (28 mapra 2002 r.) n ynonnomouena coecrnonart samnre npan uenonexa, oecneuennm npanonopxxa n
pemennm renepntx nponem; noepxnnart nponecc nannonantnoro npnmnpennx n cnnxennx; ynpannxrt meponpnxrnxmn no oxasannm
rymannrapno nomomn, noccranonnennm n pexoncrpyxnnn. Cornacno PCF 1806 (20 mapra 2008 r.) ee manar pacmnpen. On npeycmarpnnaer:
xoopnnannm mexynaponoro coecrnnx, yxpennenne corpynnuecrna c MCCF; ynpannenne ncemn meponpnxrnxmn OOH no oxasannm
rymannrapno nomomn, noccranonnennm n pexoncrpyxnnn n A]ranncrane; noepxxy ycnnn no conepmencrnonannm pyxonocrna n yxpennennm
npanonopxxa, npornnoecrnne xoppynnnn; a raxxe noompenne npan uenonexa n oxasanne rexnnuecxoro coecrnnx nsnparentnomy nponeccy.
Mnccnx nmeer 18 pernonantntx orenenn n ono ncnomorarentnoe orenenne n Kynere. Cornacno PCF 1974 (22 mapra 2011 r.) manar mnccnn
nponen o 23 mapra 2012 r.
PCF 1401
mapr 2002 r.
A]ranncran
Ha.: Ancrpannx, Hemcxan Pecnynnxa, annx,
Iepmannx, Hma.u, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx,
Hontma, Hopryrannx, Bnennx, Ypyrna
Ip. non.: Hopoauu, Hena., Hnepnanm, Hopnernx,
Typu

20
8
425

13
2
421*
20
4
(3, , 1, )
271.4

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 1730 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 77 oponontnen OOH.
Muccu OOH no orasauum cooecmeu Hpary (MOOHCH)
MOOHCH yupexena cornacno PCF 1500 (14 anrycra 2003 r.) n ynonnomouena noepxnnart nanor n nannonantnoe npnmnpenne; coecrnonart oxasannm
rymannrapno nomomn n esonacnomy nosnpamennm exennen n nepememenntx nnn; xoopnnnponart nporpammt pexoncrpyxnnn n nomomn; coecrnonart
cosannm norennnana n ocrnxennm ycrounnoro pasnnrnx; noepxnnart conmenne npan uenonexa, cyente n npanonte pe]opmt n yxpennenne
npanonopxxa. Hpn ntnonnennn cnoero manara MOOHCH corpynnuaer c Boopyxenntmn cnnamn CBA n Hpaxe (tnmnmn Mnoronannonantntmn cnnamn n
Hpaxe), HATO MO-Hpax n EBPORCT HEKC. B coornercrnnn c PCF 2001 (28 nmnx 2011 r.) rexymn manar nponen na 12 mecxnen.



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5
PCF 1500
anrycr 2003 r.
Hpax

Bocxa: unxn, Henan
Ha.: Ancrpannx, annx, Hopannx, Henan, Honax
3enannx, Be.uroopumauu, CLA
298
13

459
353
8

391*
12
1
(, , 1, )
193.4

* B mnccnn yuacrnyer 502 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Ooeouueuuoe npeocmaeume.icmeo OOH no +upocmpoume.icmey e Cieppa-Heoue (OHOOHMCH)
OHOOHMCH cosano n coornercrnnn c PCF 1829 (4 anrycra 2008 r.), ero saaun nxnmuamr xonrpont sa conmennem npan uenonexa, noepxxy
exrentnocrn emoxparnuecxnx nncrnryron n npanonopxxa, a raxxe ycnnn no ntxnnennm n yperynnponannm norennnantno yrpost nosnnxnonennx
xon]nnxron. Cornacno PCF 1941 (29 cenrxpx 2010 r.) manar mnccnn tn pacmnpen: n nero tnn nxnmuent saaun coecrnnx pannonantnomy
ynpannennm n oxasannm nomomn npannrentcrny n nororonxe x npesnenrcxnm ntopam n 2012 r. Cornacno PCF 2005 (14 cenrxpx 2011 r.) manar
mnccnn nponen o 15 cenrxpx 2012 r.
PCF 1829
oxrxpt 2008 r.
Cteppa-Heone
Ip. non: . .
Ip. nepc.: . .



41


5
37*
1

20.3

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 29 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 7 oponontnen.
Mnccnx Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann no noepxxe n Hnnnn (MOOHHH)
MOOHHH yupexena n coornercrnnn c PCF 2009 (16 cenrxpx 2011 r.). B ee manar nxoxr saaun oxasannx nnnncxnm nnacrxm coecrnnx n
noccranonnennn omecrnenno esonacnocrn n npanonopxxa, exrentnocrn no ntpaorxe xoncrnrynnn n oprannsannn ntopon, pacmnpennm sont
ecrnnx rocyapcrnenno nnacrn nyrem yxpennennx nooruerntx crpyxryp n nosononnennx exrentnocrn rocyapcrnenntx cnyx, a raxxe
noompennm npan uenonexa. B coornercrnnn c PCF 2022 (2 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn tn pacmnpen: n nero tnn nxnmuent saaun oxasannx
nomomn n noepxxn nannonantntm ycnnnxm no opte c yrposo pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx n ncex rnnon cnxsanntx c nnm marepnanon. Cornacno
+ro xe pesonmnnn manar mnccnn tn nponen o 16 mapra 2012 r.
PCB 2009
cen1npt 2011 r.
Annnn
Ip. non.: . .
Ip. nepc.: . .






1
14
..
..
9.9



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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Aqpnxancxnn coms Oprannsannn Osennennmx Hannn
Bcero: 1 onepannn 52 c1panm-yuac1nnnm * 19 555
240
6432
1524
17 778
262
4950
1124
104
25
1748.7
180.2
* Bxnmuaer rontxo crpant, npeocrannnmne RHAMH n 2011 r. xonrnnrenrt noennocnyxamnx n nonnnecxnx.
C+euauua onepau AC u OOH e apqype (PHAMH)
RHAMH yupexena cornacno Kommmnnxe 79 CMF AC o nonoxennn n ap]ype (22 nmnx 2007 r.) n PCF 1769 (31 nmnx 2007 r.) n coornercrnnn c
rn. VII Ycrana OOH. 3aaun onepannn nxnmuamr yuacrne n noccranonnennn esonacntx ycnonn, samnry rpaxancxoro nacenennx, coecrnne
oxasannm rymannrapno nomomn, xonrpont sa ntnonnennem coornercrnymmnx cornamenn o npexpamennn ornx, coecrnne ycranonnennm
npanonopxxa n conmennm npan uenonexa. Cornacno PCF 2003 (29 nmnx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 31 nmnx 2012 r.
PCF 1769
oxrxpt 2007 r.
Cyan
Bocxa: Fanrnaem, Fypxnna-uaco, Bypyuou, Kanaa,
Knra, Ernner, 3]nonnx, Iamnx, Iepmannx, Iana,
Hnonesnn, Hrannx, Hopannx, Kennx, Kopex
(Rxnax), Manann, Manasnx, Ma.u, Monronnx,
Hamnnx, Henan, Hnepnant, Hnrepnx, Haxncran,
Hanay, Pyana, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, RAP,
Tansannx, Tannan, Hemen, 3amnx, 3nmane
Ha.: Fanrnaem, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Kamepyn,
Kuma, 3xnaop, Ernner, 3]nonnx, Ia+ou, Iana,
Inaremana, Hnonesnx, Hpan, Hopannx, Kennx,
Hecomo, Manann, Manasnx, Mann, Hamnnx, Henan,
Hnrepnx, Haxncran, Pyana, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone,
RAP, Tansannx, Tannan, Toro, Yrana, Hemen,
3amnx, 3nmane
19 555
240
6432
1524
17 778
262
4950
1124*
104
25
(8, 1, 10, 6)
1748.7
180.2



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3
7
Ip. non.: Fanrnaem, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn,
Kamepyn, Kauaoa, Kor-Hnyap, Ernner, unxn,
4uu.uou, Iamnx, Iep+auu, Iana, Hnonesnx,
maxa, Hopannx, Kasaxcmau, Kmprmsc1an,
Maaracxap, Manann, Manasnx, Hamnnx, Henan,
Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopeeeu, Haxncran, Ha.ay,
unnnnnnnt, Pyana, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, RAP,
Leeu, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Toro, Typnnx,
Veauoa, Hemen, 3amnx, 3u+oaoee.



* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 2904 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana n 483 oponontna OOH.
Aqpnxancxnn coms (AC)
Bcero: 1 unccnn 23 c1panm-yuac1nnnm
12 000

1680

9796

50
50
394
94
152.0

Muccu AC e Co+a.u (AMHCOM)
AMHCOM yupexena cornacno Kommmnnxe 69 CMF AC 19 xnnapx 2007 r. n oopena PCF 1744 (21 ]enpanx 2007 r.) n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana
OOH. Mnccnx ynonnomouena noepxnnart mnpnt nponecc, coecrnonart n oxasannn rymannrapno nomomn n oecneuennn ome esonacnocrn n
Comann. B 2008 r. cornacno PCF 1838 (oxrxpt 2008 r.) manar mnccnn tn pacmnpen; n nero tnn nxnmuena saaua coecrnnx n ocymecrnnennn
xnyrncxoro cornamennx (19 anrycra 2008 r.), n rom uncne oyuennx nepconana comanncxnx cnn esonacnocrn nx oecneuennx esonacnocrn n
Moranmo. B PCF 1964 (22 exapx 2010 r.) OOH noepxana npenoxenne AC o ynennuennn nnanono uncnennocrn noennoro nepconana o 12 000
uenonex. Ha cnoem 306-m saceannn CMF AC (6 xnnapx 2012 r.) npnnxn pemenne o ynennuennn nnanono uncnennocrn nepconana o 17 731 uenonexa
c yuerom 5700 xnyrncxnx n nepenounnenntx xenncxnx noennocnyxamnx n nonnnecxoro xomnonenra AMHCOM. Ha rom xe saceannn CMF
AC nocranonnn nponnrt manar mnccnn o 16 xnnapx 2012 r. Cornacno PCF 2010 (30 cenrxpx 2011 r.) OOH nponnna noepxxy manara
AMHCOM o 31 oxrxpx 2012 r.










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2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Kommmnnxe 69
Coeema +upa n
oesonacuocmu AC
n PCF 1744
mapr 2007 r.
Comann*
Bocxa: Fypynn, Kauepyn, Ko+opcrue Ocmpoea,
any1n, 3quonua, Iaua, Keuua, Ceneran, Cieppa-
Heoue, Yrana, 3aunn
Ip. non.: Bypynn, Iana, Kennx, Hnrepnx, Cteppa-
Heone, Yrana
Ip. nepc.: Anxnp, Fennn, Fypynn, Kauepyn, Kor-
'Hnyap, 3]nonnx, Iaua, Kennx, Hnepnx, Annnn,
Manann, Mann, Hnrepnx, Pyana, Ceueea., Cteppa-
Heone, Cyan, Cnasnnen, Tansannx, Yrana
12 000*

1680

9796

50**
50
394
94
(..)
152.0***

* Bra-xnaprnpa mnccnn naxonrcx n Hapon, Kennx.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 53 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
*** OOH cosana cnennantnt rpacront ]on nx coecrnnx nponeccy nnannponannx n pasneprtnannx AMHCOM. Marepnantno-rexnnuecxoe,
]nnanconoe oecneuenne n oecneuenne nepconanom ocymecrnnxmr EC, Mexnpannrentcrnennt opran no nonpocam pasnnrnx (MOBP), Hnra
apacxnx rocyapcrn n px orentntx crpan. Hpnneennax nn]pa ornocnrcx x nepnoy c 1 oxrxpx 2010 r. no 30 cenrxpx 2011 r.
Anra apacxnx rocyapc1n
Bcero: 1 unccnn 14 c1pan-yuac1nnn

166



166


. .
. .
. .






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9
Hanmarentnax mnccnx Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn
Hanmarentnax mnccnx Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n Cnpnn cosana n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 7439 Conera Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn (16 noxpx
2011 r.). B ee manar nxoxr saaun nponepxn ntnonnennx nonoxenn apacxoro nnana ecrnn no paspemennm cnpncxoro xpnsnca n samnre
rpaxancxnx nnn, npnnxroro 2 noxpx 2011 r. Conerom Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn. Yxasannte nonoxennx nxnmuamr conmenne npexpamennx ornx
n nanmenne sa nacnnnem mexy ncemn croponamn cnpncxoro xpnsnca, nponepxa ]axron ocnooxennx nporecrymmnx n pyrnx saepxanntx n
nornepxenne nannunx n crpane cnoontx cpecrn maccono nn]opmannn. Mnccnx npnocranonnna cnom exrentnocrt 28 xnnapx 2012 r. n cnxsn c
+cxananne nacnnnx n ornomennn rpaxancxnx nnn n nanmarene.
Pesonmnnn 7439
Cone1a Anrn
apacxnx
rocyapc1n
nonpt 2011 r.
Cnpnn*
Ha.: Ananp, Baxpenn, Ernne1, Hpax, Hopannn,
Kynen1, Manpn1annn, Mapoxxo, Ka1ap,
Cayoncxan Apannn, Cyan, Tynnc, OA3, Heuen

166



166


. .
. .
. .

* Hanmarenn tnn pacnpeenent mexy 15 sonamn, ocymecrnnxx nanmenne n 20 ropoax n oxpyrax no nce reppnropnn Cnpnn.
3xonounuecxoe coomec1no nen1pantnoaqpnxancxnx rocyapc1n (3CHAI)
Bcero: 1 unccnn 7 c1pan-yuac1nnn




498

143

. .
. .
50.4

Muccu no yrpen.euum +upa e Heumpa.iuo-Aqpuraucro Pecnyo.ure (MHKOHAKC)
MHKOHAKC yupexena n 2002 r. pemennem, npnnxrtm na cammnre 3xonomnuecxoro n nanmrnoro coomecrna rocyapcrn Henrpantno A]pnxn
(KEMAC) n Hnpennne (2 oxrxpx 2002 r.) nx oecneuennx esonacnocrn rpannnt mexy uaom n Henrpantno-A]pnxancxo Pecnynnxo (HAP). B
2003 r. ee manar tn pacmnpen no pemennm, npnnxromy na cammnre n Hnpennne (3 nmnx 2003 r.): n nero tnn nxnmuent saaun no coecrnnm
oecneuennm esonacntx ycnonn n nenom, coecrnnm peoprannsannn noopyxenntx cnn HAP n noepxxe nepexonoro nponecca. B cnxsn c
nepeaue 12 nmnx 2008 r. nonnomoun or KEMAC x 3CHAI n manar mnccnn tnn nxnmuent noompenne nonnrnuecxoro nanora n npan uenonexa.
Manar mnccnn ecrnyer n reuenne mecrn mecxnen; on moxer nponenartcx nnnort o 2013 r.










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2
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1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Hnpennntcxax
ncrpeua na
ntcmem yponne,
2 oxrxpx 2002 r.
exapt 2002 r.
HAP
Bocxa: Kamepyn, ua, Konro, Konro
(emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Iaon
Ha.: Bypyuou, Ka+epyu, Hao, Koueo (Pecnyo.ura),
Jreamopua.iua Ieuue, Iaoou
Ip. non.: Ha, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex





498*

143

. .
1
(, , 1, )
50.4

* Mnccnx npoxonr npn noepxxe pasmemennoro na ro xe reppnropnn nopasenennx ]pannyscxnx noennocnyxamnx uncnennocrtm nopxxa
240 uenonex (onepannx "Foann").
Copyaec1no Hesanncnumx Iocyapc1n (CHI)
Bcero: 1 unccnn 3 c1panm-yuac1nnnm
1500



1249
10

. .
. .
. .
. .
Mupomeop:ecrue cu.i Ooeouueuuo roumpo.iuo ro+uccuu (OKK)
Mnpornopuecxne cnnt Oennenno xonrpontno xomnccnn (OKK) tnn cosant n coornercrnnn c Cornamennem o npnnnnnax mnpnoro
yperynnponannx noopyxennoro xon]nnxra n Hpnnecrponcxom pernone, nonncanntm n Mocxne npesnenramn Monont n Poccnn (21 nmnx 1992
r.). nx xoopnnannn exrentnocrn oennenntx cnn tna cosana OKK, cocroxmax ns npecrannrene Monont, Poccnn n Hpnnecrpontx.
nycroponnee
cornamenne, 21
nmnx 1992 r.
nmnt 1992 r.
Monona
(Hpnnecrponte)
Bocxa: Monona, Poccnx (Hpnnecrponte)
Ha.: Mo.ooea, Poccu, Yxpanna

1500



1249
10


. .
. .
. .
. .



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1
Enponencxnn coms (EC)
Bcero: 11 unccnn 40 c1pan-yuac1nnn
2647
323*
2763**
70
1382
134
1187
972
28

453.6


* Omax uncnennocrt nanmarene no nnany ornocnrcx rontxo x MHEC n nxnmuaer rpaxancxym nonnnnm n rpaxancxn nepconan.
** Omax uncnennocrt rpaxancxo nonnnnn no nnany nxnmuaer rpaxancxnx nanmarene n rpaxancxn nepconan.
Ho.uecra +uccu EC e Bocuuu u Iepeeoeuue (HMECBuI)
HMECFnI yupexena cornacno CPC 2002/210/CFSP (11 mapra 2002 r.); e nopyueno oecneunrt cosanne nocpecrnom xonrponx, nacrannnuecrna n
nponepox xnsnecnocono, npo]eccnonantno n mnoronannonantno nonnnecxo cnyxt n Focnnn n Iepneronnne npn pyxonoxme ponn
mecrno nnacrn. Ho npocte ocnncxnx nnacre manar mnccnn tn nsmenen: n nem tn cenan ynop na pe]opmnponanne nonnnecxo cnyxt,
nontmenne nooruernocrn nonnnnn n opty c oprannsonanno npecrynnocrtm. Cornacno CPC 2009/906/CFSP (8 exapx 2009 r.) o pacmnpennn
manara mnccnn nx coecrnnx opte c oprannsonanno npecrynnocrtm n xoppynnne n pamxax onee mnpoxoro noxoa x oecneuennm
npanonopxxa n Focnnn n Iepneronnne. B coornercrnnn c Pemennem Conera 2011/781/CFSP (1 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 30 nmnx
2012 r.
CPC
2002/210/CFSP
xnnapt 2003 r.
Focnnx n
Iepneronnna

Ip. non.: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Knnp, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, 3cronnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx,
Iepmannx, Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Mantra,
Hnepnant, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx,
Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, Bennxopnrannx
Ip. nepc.: Fonrapnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx,
Iepmannx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Hnepnant,
Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Hcnannx, Bnenapnx,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, Bennxopnrannx


205



83
34*
3

24.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 156 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Boeuua onepau EC e Bocuuu u Iepeeoeuue (CEC A.me)
Onepannx CEC "Anrex" yupexena cornacno CPC 2004/570/CFSP (12 nmnx 2004 r.). Ona tna oopena n naenena nonnomounxmn,
npeycmorpenntmn rn. VII Ycrana OOH n coornercrnnn c PCF 1575 (22 noxpx 2004 r.). Mnccnx ynonnomouena noepxnnart esonacnte ycnonnx
nx ocymecrnnennx eroncxnx cornamenn 1995 r., coecrnonart yxpennennm norennnana mecrno nonnnnn n noepxnnart nponnxenne Focnnn
n Iepneronnnt na nyrn x nnrerpannn n EC. Cornacno PCF 2019 (16 noxpx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 16 noxpx 2012 r.


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2
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1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

CPC
2004/570/CFSP n
PCF 1575
exapt 2004 r.
Focnnx n
Iepneronnna*
Bocxa: Anannx, Ancrpnx, Fonrapnx, unnn, uexnx,
3cronnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx,
Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Humea, Hmxcemypr,
FRPM, Hnepnant, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Hcnannx, Bnennx,
Bnenapnx, Typnnx, Bennxopnrannx
2500



1291**



21

29.1

* Mnoronannonantnt nnnent aranton (cocroxmn ns ancrpncxnx, nenrepcxnx n rypenxnx noennocnyxamnx) pasmemen n Capaeno. Kpome
roro, n mnccnn yuacrnymr oennennte nonnnecxne nopasenennx, nopasenennx cnxsn n nanmarene, pasmemennte n pernonantntx
xoopnnannonntx nenrpax.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 530 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu coeemuuroe u cooecmeu EC no peqop+e oesonacuocmu e PK (EBCEK PK)
EBCEK PK cosana CPC 2005/355/CFSP (2 max 2005 r.). Hepnonauantno manar mnccnn nxnmuan oxasanne xoncyntrarnnntx ycnyr n coecrnnx
nnacrxm PK, n uacrnocrn Mnnncrepcrny oopont, no nonpocam esonacnocrn, n nenxx npnneennx npononmo nonnrnxn n coornercrnne c
mexynapontm rymannrapntm npanom, cranapramn n onacrn emoxparnuecxoro pyxonocrna n npnnnnnamn nepxonencrna saxona. B 2009 r. manar
mnccnn tn pacmnpen: mnccnx tna ynonnomouena oxastnart xoncyntrarnnnte ycnyrn n coecrnne n pe]opmnponannn cexropa esonacnocrn nyrem
ncnonnennx npexrnn, npnnxrtx nnacrxmn Konro n pamxax yrounennoro nnana pe]opm noopyxenntx cnn. EBCEK ocymecrnnxer cnom exrentnocrt n
nenocpecrnennom nsanmoecrnnn c MOOHPK n HMEC PK. Cornacno CPC 2010/565/CFSP (21 cenrxpx 2010 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o
30 cenrxpx 2012 r.
CPC
2005/355/CFSP
nmnt 2005 r.
emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa
Konro
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx,
Iepmannx, Benrpnx, Hrannx, Hmxcemypr,
Hnepnant, Hopryrannx, Pyumnnn, Hcnannx,
Bennxopnrannx







48*
2

17.9




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3
* Hanontmym uacrt pasnepnyroro nepconana cocrannxmr noennte conernnxn. B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 35 uenonex mecrnoro
ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Ooeouueuua +uccu EC no ooecne:euum eepxoeeucmea saroua e Hpare (Onepau Herc)
Onepannx Hexc yupexena cornacno CPC 2005/190/CFSP (7 mapra 2005 r.) n coornercrnnn c PCF 1546 (8 nmnx 2004 r.) n nenxx yxpennennx cncremt
yrononnoro npanocynx Hpaxa nocpecrnom nororonxn cye, crapmnx corpynnxon nonnnnn n crapmero nepconana nennrennnapntx yupexenn.
Ona corpynnuaer c HATO MO-Hpax n MOOHCH. Cornacno CPC 2010/330/CFSP (14 nmnx 2010 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 30 nmnx 2012 r.
CPC
2005/190/CFSP n
PCF 1546
nmnt 2005 r.
Hpax/Enpona
Ip. non.: Hemcxan Pecnynnxa, annn, mpannnn,
mnennn
Ip. nepc.: Anc1pnn, Fentrnx, Bonrapnn, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, annx, unnnxnnx, 4pauu, Iepmannx,
Benrpnx, Hrannx, Hnepnant, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bennxopnrannx



50


5
41*


31

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnymr 9 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Hoepauu:ua +uccu EC ua KHH Paqax (HMECP)
HMECP yupexena cornacno CPC 2005/889/CFSP (12 exapx 2005 r.) na ocnonannn Cornamennx o nepennxennn n ocryne mexy Hspannem n
Hanecrnncxo amnnncrpanne (15 noxpx 2005 r.). Ona ynonnomouena npononrt xonrpont, nponepxy n onenxy exrentnocrn corpynnxon
norpannuno, ramoxenno cnyx n cnyxt esonacnocrn Hanecrnncxo amnnncrpannn na xonrpontno-nponycxnom nynxre Pa]ax na npemer
conmennx Cornaconanntx npnnnnnon paort xonrpontno-nponycxnoro nynxra Pa]ax or 2005 r.; a raxxe noepxnnart paory Hanecrnncxo
amnnncrpannn no napamnnannm norennnana n onacrn norpannunoro xonrponx. KHH Pa]ax tn saxptr n cnxsn c ecnopxxamn n 2007 r. n moxer
trt orxptr rontxo npn ncxnmunrentntx ocroxrentcrnax. Hecmorpx na +ro, HMECP nonnocrtm coxpannna cnon oneparnnnte nosmoxnocrn n
nosononnna paory npn orxptrnn KHH 28 max 2011 r. Cornacno CPC 2011/857/CFSP (19 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 30 nmnx 2012 r.
CPC
2005/889/CFSP
noxpt 2005 r.
Ernner,
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn
(KHH Pa]ax)
Ip. non.:, upannnx, Iepmannx, Beuepu, Hrannx
Ip. nepc.: unnnxnnx, upannnx, Benrpnn, Hrannx,
Pymtnnx, Hcnannx, Bennxopnrannx



96



5
8*


3.1

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnymr 9 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.


1
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Omoe.euue EC no roopouuauu cooecmeu na.ecmuucro no.uuu (HMECHT)
HMECHT yupexena cornacno CPC 2005/797/CFSP (14 noxpx 2005 r.). Ona ynonnomouena oecneunrt pamxn exrentnocrn corpynnxon
nanecrnncxo cncremt yrononnoro npanocynx n nonnnnn, oxastnart nm xoncyntrarnnnym nomomt, a raxxe xoopnnnponart nomomt EC
Hanecrnncxo amnnncrpannn. Cornacno CPC 2010/784/CFSP (17 exapx 2010 r.) mnccnx nepenmenonana n Orenenne EC no xoopnnannn
coecrnnx nanecrnncxo nonnnnn. B coornercrnnn c CPC 2011/858/CFSP (19 exapx 2011 r.) manar ee nponen o 30 nmnx 2012 r.
CPC
2005/797/CFSP
xnnapt 2006 r.
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn

Ip. non.: Aecmpu, Fentrnx, Kanaa, Knnp, Heucra
Pecnyo.ura, auu, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx,
Hrannx, Hnepnant, Hcnannx, Bnennx,
Bennxopnrannx
Ip. nepc.: Aecmpu, Fonrapnx, annn, 3cronnx,
unnnxnnx, mpannnn, Iepmannx, Hpnannx,
Hrannx, Hnrna, Hnepnant, Hcnannx, Bnennx,
Bennxopnrannx



52



20
33*


11.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 37 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Ho.uecra +uccu EC e Aqeauucmaue (HMECA)
HMECA yupexena cornacno CPC 2007/369/CFSP (30 max 2007 r.) no npocte npannrentcrna A]ranncrana. Ona npnsnana yxpennxrt npanonopxox
nyrem coecrnnx cosannm mexannsmon rpaxancxo nonnnnn n npanonpnmenennx npn neyme ponn A]ranncrana. B coornercrnnn c CPC
2010/279/CFSP (18 max 2010 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 31 max 2013 r.



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1
4
5
CPC
2007/369/CFSP
nmnt 2007 r.
A]ranncran

Ip. non.: Anc1pnn, Bonrapnn, Kanaa, Xopna1nn,
annx, 3c1onnn, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx,
Ipennx, Benrpnn, Hp.auou, Hrannx, Aa1nnn,
An1na, Hnepnant, Honan 3enannn, Hopnernx,
Hontma, Pyumnnn, Cnonaxnn, Hcnannx, Bnennx,
Bennxopnrannx
Ip. nepc.: Anc1pnn, Bonrapnn, Kanaa, Xopna1nn,
annx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennn,
Benrpnn, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Hnepnant, Hontma,
Pyumnnn, Hcnannn, Bnennx, Bennxopnrannx


400



192
102*


57.1

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 208 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Ho.uecra +uccu EC e e+orpamu:ecro Pecnyo.ure Koueo (HMECPK)
HMECPK yupexena cornacno CPC 2007/405/CFSP (12 nmnx 2007 r.). B coornercrnnn c CPC 2009/769/CFSP (19 oxrxpx 2009 r.) mnccnx tna
ynonnomouena oxastnart coecrnne nnacrxm Konro n pe]opmnponannn n peoprannsannn xonronescxo nonnnnn, ynyumennn nsanmoecrnnx mexy
nonnnne n cncremo yrononnoro npanocynx; noepxnnart ycnnnx no opte c cexcyantntm nacnnnem; noompxrt mnpnt nponecc n uacrn,
xacammecx renepntx nponem, npan uenonexa n samnrt ere. HMECP recno corpynnuaer c EBCEK PK n MOOHPK. Cornacno CPC
2011/537/CFSP (12 cenrxpx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 30 cenrxpx 2012 r.

CPC
2007/405/CFSP
nmnt 2007 r.
emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa
Konro*
Ip. non.: Fentrnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Hrannx,
Bnennx
Ip. nepc.: Bentrnn, 4uu.uou, upannnx, Iepmannx,
Hontma, Hopryrannx, Bnennx


59



20
20**


9.2

* Bra mnccnn pacnonoxen n Knnmace, onaxo ona ecrnyer n n nocrouno uacrn PK, n ocoennocrn n Iome n Fyxany.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 19 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu EC no eonpoca+ sarouuocmu u npaeonopora e Kocoeo (EBHEKC-Kocoeo)
EBHEKC-Kocono yupexena cornacno CPC 2008/124/CFSP (4 ]enpanx 2008 r.). Mnccnx nmeer nexoropte ncnonnnrentnte nonnomounx, no npnsnana
xonrponnponart n nanpannxrt exrentnocrt yupexenn Kocono no mnpoxomy cnexrpy nonpocon oecneuennx npanonopxxa, a raxxe oxastnart nm
xoncyntrarnnnte ycnyrn. Mnccnx recno corpynnuaer c MOOHK n OMHK. B coornercrnnn c CPC 2010/619/CFSP (15 oxrxpx 2010 r.) manar mnccnn
nponen o 14 nmnx 2012 r.


1
4
6

































B
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3
O
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4
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,

2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

CPC
2008/124/CFSP
]enpanx 2008 r.
Kocono
Ip. non.: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Kauaoa,
Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, annx, 3cronnx,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Benrpnx,
Hpnannx, Hrannx, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr,
Mantra, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma,
Hopmyea.u, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx,
Hcnauu, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Typnnx,
Bennxopnrannx, CBA
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Kauaoa,
Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, annx, 3cronnx,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Benrpnx,
Hpnannx, Hrannx, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hnepnant,
Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx,
Cnonennx, Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Typnnx,
Bennxopnrannx, CBA


1951



862
519*
2

224.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 1150 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu EC no uao.moeuum e Ipysuu (MHEC)
MHEC yupexena cornacno CPC 2008/736/CFSP (15 cenrxpx 2008 r.) n coornercrnnn c cornamennem EC n Poccnn or 8 cenrxpx 2008 r. n cnxsn c
xon]nnxrom n Rxno Ocernn n anrycre 2008 r. Mnccnn nopyueno ocymecrnnxrt monnropnnr n ananns xoa nponeccon crannnsannn n yenxrt npn
+rom ocooe nnnmanne conmennm mnpnoro nnana ns mecrn nynxron or 12 anrycra 2008 r. n nopmannsannn rpaxancxoro ynpannennx; ocymecrnnxrt
xonrpont na esonacnocrtm nn]pacrpyxrypt, nonnrnuecxnmn n cnxsanntmn c esonacnocrtm acnexramn nosnpamennx nnyrpenne nepememenntx
nnn n exennen; oecneunnart peannsannm mep yxpennennx onepnx. Cornacno CPC 2011/536/CFSP (12 cenrxpx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o
14 cenrxpx 2012 r.



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1
4
7
CPC
2008/736/CFSP
oxrxpt 2008 r.
Ipysnx
Ha.: Ancrpnx, Fonrapnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa,
annx, 3cronnx, unnnxnnx, 4pauu, Iepmannx,
Ipennx, Benrpnx, Hma.u, Harnnx, Hnrna,
Hmxcemypr, Mantra, Huoep.auoi, Hontma,
Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx,
Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bennxopnrannx
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Bonrapnn, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, annx, 3c1onnn, unnnxnnx,
mpannnn, Iepmannx, Ipennn, Hpnannx, Hrannx,
Hnrna, Hnepnant, Hontma, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnn,
Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bennxopnrannx

323



134

147*


39

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 109 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Mnccnx EC no nororonxe xapon nx Comann (MECHK)
Mnccnx EC no nororonxe xapon nx Comann tna cosana n coornercrnnn c CPC 2010/197/CFSP (31 mapra 2010 r.). E nopyueno oxastnart
noepxxy nepexonomy ]eepantnomy npannrentcrny Comann nyrem coecrnnx n nororonxe n oxasannn nomomn cnnam esonacnocrn Comann. B
coornercrnnn c pemennem Conera 2011/483/CFSP (28 nmnx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o exapx 2012 r.
CPC
2010/197/CFSP
uap1 2010 r.
Yrana*
Boncxa: Bentrnn, Kunp, mnnnnnnn, mpannnn,
Iepuannn, Ipeuua, Benrpnn, Hpnannn, H1annn,
Bmrce+ype, Mant1a, Hop1yrannn, Hcnannn,
mnennn, Bennxopn1annn
Ip. nepc.: Fentrnx, upannnx, Kennn, Yrana,
Bennxopn1annn
147


20
91


20**


6.7

* Oyuenne nepconana nponon1cn n ocnonnou na 1eppn1opnn Yranm.
** B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 17 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Mnccnn, npononume Oprannsannen Cenepoa1nan1nuecxoro oronopa (HATO) n no ee pyxonoc1nou
Bcero: 3 unccnn 51 c1pana-yuac1nnna
10 000


300
137 363


100
2873
543
667.5






1
4
8

































B
E
3
O
H
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C
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H

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4
H
H
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B
,

2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Cnnt HATO nx Kocono (CK)
CK yupexent cornacno PCF 1244 (10 nmnx 1999 r.). Hx manar nxnmuaer npeornpamenne nonropntx cronxnonenn, cosanne esonacntx
ycnonn, oxasanne coecrnnx MOOHK n ocymecrnnenne norpannunoro xonrponx. B 2008 r. HATO pacmnpnno xpyr saau mnccnn, nopyunn e
]opmnponanne npo]eccnonantno, emoxparnuecxo n mnoronannonantno crpyxrypt esonacnocrn n Kocono. Mnccnx yer nocrenenno
cnopaunnartcx no mepe yxpennennx cranntnocrn. nx ee npexpamennx rpeyercx nonoxnrentnoe pemenne Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
PCF 1244
nmnt 1999 r.
Kocono*
Bocxa: Anannx, Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Fonrapnx,
Kanaa, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, annx,
3cronnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx,
Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Hmxcemypr, Mapoxxo,
Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, C.oearu, Cnonennx, Hcnauu, Bnennx,
Bnenapnx, Typnnx, Bennxopnrannx, Yxpanna,
CBA
10 000



5977



129

28.7

* Bra-xnaprnpa CK, pacnonoxennax n Hpnmrnne, oecneunnaer exrentnocrt no pyxonocrnom HATO nyx mnoronannonantntx oneparnnntx
rpynn (MHOI) n nxrn conmecrntx pernonantntx nopasenenn. MHOI-3ana no ynpannennem Hrannn asnpyercx n Heue, MHOI-Bocrox no
ynpannennem CBA n Ypocenaue. Homnmo nnx cymecrnymr mnoronannonantnoe cnennannsnponannoe nopasenenne n nnnent aranton
raxrnuecxoro pesepna, xoropte raxxe asnpymrcx n Hpnmrnne.
Me+oyuapoouie cu.i cooecmeu oesonacuocmu (MCCB)
MCCF yupexent cornacno PCF 1386 (20 exapx 2001 r.) n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH n xauecrne mnoronannonantntx cnn,
ynonnomouenntx coecrnonart npannrentcrny A]ranncrana n noepxannn esonacnocrn, xax +ro npeycmorpeno n npnnoxennn I x Fonncxomy
cornamennm 2001 r. B anrycre 2003 r. xomanonanne n ynpannenne MCCF tno nepeano HATO. C 2006 r. MCCF xonrponnpymr nce 28 rpynn no
noccranonnennm nponnnnn (IBH) n A]ranncrane. Cornacno PCF 2011 (12 oxrxpx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 13 oxrxpx 2012 r.



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1
4
9
PCF 1386
exapt 2001 r.
A]ranncran*
Bocxa: Anannx, Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx,
Asepaxan, Baxpenn, Fentrnx, Focnnx n
Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Kanaa, Xopnarnx, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, annx, Cantnaop, 3cronnx,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx,
Benrpnx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Kopex
(Rxnax), Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRPM,
Manasnx, Monronnx, uepnoropnx, Hnepnant,
Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Cnnranyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Hcnannx,
Bnennx, Tonra, Typnnx, Yxpanna, Bennxopnrannx,
CBA




131 386**



2744
543
(481, , ,
)***
621

* Teppnropnx A]ranncrana pasenena na mecrt paonon ornercrnennocrn: PK (Pernonantnoe xomanonanne)Henrp (Kayn), n nacroxmee npemx
no ynpannennem Typnnn, PKCenep (MasapnBapn]) no ynpannennem Iepmannn, PK3ana (Iepar) no ynpannennem Hrannn, PKRr (Kanarap),
PKRro3ana (Hamxaprax) n PK-Bocrox (Farpam) no ynpannennem CBA.
** uncnennocrt nepconana MCCF yxasana c yuerom Yueno mnccnn HATO n A]ranncrane, rax xax nocnenxx naxonrcx no ee ynpannennem.
Yueno mnccnn nopyueno nacrannxrt n oyuart a]rancxn noennt n nonnnecxn nepconan. Paspemennax uncnennocrt ee cnn cocrannxer 2700
noennocnyxamnx n nonnnecxnx. B exape 2011 r. tno pasnepnyro 2800 uenonex ns Anannn, Ancrpannn, Fentrnn, Kanat, Xopnarnn, uemcxo
Pecnynnxn, annn, 3cronnn, unnnxnnn, upannnn, Iepmannn, Ipennn, Benrpnn, Hrannn, Hopannn, Kopen (Rxno), Monronnn, Hnepnanon,
Hopnernn, Hontmn, Hopryrannn, Pymtnnn, Cnnranypa, Cnonennn, Hcnannn, Bnennn, Typnnn, Bennxopnrannn n CBA.
*** Kpome roro, 62 uenonexa nornnn n pesyntrare necuacrntx cnyuaen, onesne n pyrnx npnunn. annte n pasnnxe no yxasanntm rpem
npnunnam orcyrcrnymr.
Muccu HATO no nooeomoere raopoe e Hpare (MHHK-H)
MHHK-H yupexena cornacno PCF 1546 (8 nmnx 2004 r.) n yrnepxena Conerom HATO 17 noxpx 2004 r. Ona ynonnomouena coecrnonart
]opmnponannm nncrnryron esonacnocrn Hpaxa nyrem nororonxn n ocnamennx nepconana, n uacrnocrn nepconana cpenero n ntcoxoro yponnx, cnn
esonacnocrn Hpaxa. B 2007 r. manar tn nepecmorpen; ocnonno axnenr cenan na nacrannnuecrne n xoncyntrnponannn n pamxax nororonxn
nepconana n cnennantntx yuentx saneennxx no pyxonocrnom Hpaxa.
PCF 1546
anrycr 2004 r.
Hpax
Ip. nepc.: Anannx, Fonrapnx, auu, 3cronnx,
Beuepu, Hrannx, Hnrna, Hnepnant, Hontma,
Pymtnnx, Typnnx, Bennxopnrannx, Yxpanna, CBA



300



100



17.8





1
5
0

































B
E
3
O
H
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T
B

H

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4
H
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,

2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n
rpaaancxnn nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Oprannsannn auepnxancxnx rocyapc1n (OAI)
Bcero: 1 unccnn 15 c1pan-yuac1nnn







22


8

Mnccnx no noepxxe mnpnoro nponecca n Konymnn (MHMHK)
MHMHK yupexena pesonmnne CP/RES 859 (1397/04) Hocroxnnoro conera (HC) OAI or 6 ]enpanx 2004 r. nx coecrnnx ycnnnxm npannrentcrna
Konymnn no nanaxnnannm nonnrnuecxoro nanora c Apmne nannonantnoro ocnooxennx (AHO). Ona raxxe ynonnomouena coecrnonart
nponeccy PP.
CP/RES 859
]enpant 2004 r.
Konymnx
Ip. nepc.: Aprenrnna, Be.ieu, Fonnnnx,
Bonrapnn, unnn, 3xnaop, Ieame+a.a, Mexcnxa,
Hnepnant, Hnxaparya, Hepy, Hcnannx, Bnennx,
CBA, Beuecyo.a







22*
1
1
(,,1, )
8


* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 52 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Oprannsannn no esonacnoc1n n co1pynnuec1ny n Enpone (OBCE)
Bcero: 7 unccnn 46 c1pan-yuac1nnn



350


22
459
10

80,1





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1
5
1
Hpeeeumueua +uccu OBCE no uao.moeuum e Cronie
Hpenenrnnnax mnccnx OFCE no nanmennm n Cxonte yupexena pemennem 16-ro saceannx Komnrera crapmnx onxnocrntx nnn (KCH) OFCE
(18 cenrxpx 1992 r.). Hpannrentcrno FRPM ano cornacne na ee nponeenne n coornercrnnn co crartxmn o nsanmononnmannn, cornaconanntmn n
xoe omena nnctmamn 7 noxpx 1992 r. B ee saaun nxonr monnropnnr, nororonxa nonnnecxnx cnn, nonpoct pasnnrnx n pyrax exrentnocrt,
cnxsannax c Oxpncxnm pamountm cornamennem 1992 r. Cornacno pemennm Hocroxnnoro Conera PC.DEC/1023 (15 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn
tn nponen o 31 exapx 2012 r.
KCH 18
cenrxpx 1992 r.
cenrxpt 1992 r.
Ftnmax
Rrocnancxax
Pecnynnxa
Maxeonnx
Ip. non.: Kanaa, 3c1onnn, Benrpnn, Hop1yrannn,
Pyumnnn, Poccnn, Cepnn, Cnonennn, Hcnannn,
Typnnn, Bennxopn1annn
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpnx, Be.apyci, Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Jcmouu,
mnnnnnnn, upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Beuepu,
Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Monona,
Hnepnant, Hopmyea.u, Pymtnnx, Poccu,
Cepou, C.oeeuu, Hcnannx, Leeu, Typu,
Bennxopnrannx, CBA






22
39*
1

9.8

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 126 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu OBCE e Mo.ooee
Mnccnx OFCE n Monone yupexena pemennem 19-ro saceannx KCH (4 ]enpanx 1993 r.) n npnnxra npannrentcrnom Monont n coornercrnnn c
MOB (7 max 1993 r.). Ee saaun nxnmuamr coecrnne croponam xon]nnxra n nponeennn neperonopon no onrocpounomy nonnrnuecxomy
yperynnponannm, a raxxe cop n npeocrannenne nn]opmannn o cnryannn na mecre. Cornacno pemennm PC.DEC/1016 (15 exapx 2011 r.) manar
mnccnn nponen o 31 exapx 2012 r.
KCH 4 ]enpanx
1993 r.
anpent 1993 r.
Monona
Ip. nepc.: Fonrapnx, Hemcxan Pecnynnxa,
3cronnx, upannnx, Iepuannn, Hrannx, Harnnx,
Hontma, Poccnx, Bnennx, Bennxopnrannx, CBA



13



19*


2.9

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 41 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.






1
5
2

































B
E
3
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H

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H
H
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,

2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

Hu:ui npeocmaeume.i ecmeymueeo npeoceoame. OBCE no rouq.urma+ ua Muucro rouqepeuuu
ecrnymmn npecearent (H) OFCE 10 anrycra 1995 r. nasnaunn nnunoro npecrannrenx ecrnymmero npecearenx no xon]nnxram na
Mnncxo xon]epennnn. Manar nnunoro npecrannrenx nxnmuaer coecrnne ecrnymmemy npecearenm n nnannponannn nosmoxntx
mnpornopuecxnx onepann, oxasanne nomomn croponam n peannsannn mep yxpennennx onepnx n pemennn rymannrapntx nonpocon, a raxxe xonrpont
sa conmennem pexnma npexpamennx ornx mexy croponamn. Manar nnunoro npecrannrenx exerono nponenaercx npn yrnepxennn cnonoro
mxera oprannsannn, n 2011 r. on tn nponen pemennem PC.DEC/1025 (15 exapx 2011 r).
Pemenne H or
10 anrycra 1995 r.
anrycr 1995 r.
Asepaxan
(Haropnt
Kapaax)
Ip. nepc.: Fonrapnx, 4pauu, Iep+auu, Benrpnn,
Kasaxcmau, An1na, Hontma, Bennxopn1annn, CLA



6



6*


1.6

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnymr 11 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu OBCE e Bocuuu u Iepeeoeuue
Mnccnx OFCE n Focnnn n Iepneronnne yupexena no pemennm 5-ro saceannx Conera mnnncrpon OFCE (MC(5).DEC/1, 8 exapx 1995 r.) n
coornercrnnn c npnnoxennem 6 x eroncxnm cornamennxm 1995 r. Mnccnx ynonnomouena coecrnonart croponam n peannsannn mep no
crannnsannn n pernone n crponrentcrne emoxparnn. Cornacno pemennm Hocroxnnoro conera OFCE PC.DEC/1020 (15 exapx 2011 r.) manar
mnccnn nponen o 31 exapx 2012 r.
CM OFCE
MC(5).DEC/1
exapt 1995 r.
Focnnx n
Iepneronnna
Ip. nepc.: Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Fenapyct, Fentrnx,
Kanaa, Xopna1nn, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Benrpnx, Hpnannx,
Hrannx, Ktprtscran, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma,
Hopryrannx, Py+iuu, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, C.oeeuu,
Hcnannx, Bnennx, Taxnxncran, Typnnx,
Bennxopnrannx, Vrpauua, CBA







65*


19.6




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1
5
3
* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 429 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Hpecrannrentcrno OFCE n Anannn
Hpecrannrentcrno OFCE n Anannn yupexeno pemennem Hocroxnnoro conera OFCE PC.DEC/160 (27 mapra 1997 r.). B 2003 r. manar mnccnn tn
nepecmorpen: n nero tnn nxnmuent coecrnne n nponeennn saxonoarentno, cyeno n nsnparentno pe]opm; napamnnanne norennnana,
opta c nesaxonno ropronne n xoppynnne; oxasanne nomomn nonnnnn n noompenne pannonantnoro ynpannennx. Cornacno pemennm
PC.DEC/1019 (15 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 31 exapx 2012 r.
PC.DEC/160
anpent 1997 r.
Anannx
Ip. nepc.: Anannn, Ancrpnx, Fonrapnx, Kanaa,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, mpannnn, Iepmannx, Hameu,
Hnrna, uepnoropnx, Huoep.auoi, Hopnernx,
C.oeeuu, Hcnannx, Bennxopnrannx, CBA



107



106*


4.2

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 84 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu OBCE e Kocoeo
Mnccnx OFCE n Kocono yupexena pemennem Hocroxnnoro conera OFCE PC.DEC/305 (1 nmnx 1999 r.). Ee manar nxnmuaer nororonxy nonnnnn,
nepconana cyentx opranon n rpaxancxo amnnncrpannn, a raxxe xonrpont sa conmennem npan uenonexa. Mnccnx xnnxercx onnm ns
xomnonenron MOOHK. Cornacno pemennm Hocroxnnoro conera OFCE PC.DEC/835 (21 exapx 2007 r.) manar mnccnn tn nponen o 31 xnnapx
2008 r., nocne uero manar nosononnxercx exemecxuno npn orcyrcrnnn nospaxenn co cropont xaxoro-nno rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxa.
PC.DEC/305
nmnt 1999 r.
Kocono
Ip. nepc.: Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan,
Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
Bonrapnn, Kanaa, Xopnarnx, upannnx, Ipysnx,
Iepmannx, Ipennx, Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx,
FRPM, Mantra, Mo.ooea, uepnoropnx, Hnepnant,
Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx,
Hcnannx, Bnennx, Typnnx, Bennxopnrannx,
Yxpanna, CBA, Ysexncran



224



189*
9

31.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 479 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Muccu OBCE e Cepouu
Mnccnx OFCE n Cepnn yupexena pemennem Hocroxnnoro conera OFCE PC.DEC/401 (11 xnnapx 2001 r.). Ona ynonnomouena npeocrannxrt
xoncyntrannn no nonpocam conmennx saxonoarentcrna n ocymecrnnxrt xonrpont sa nanexamnm ]ynxnnonnponannem n pasnnrnem
emoxparnuecxnx nncrnryron n nponeccon n Cepnn. Mnccnx coecrnyer nororonxe corpynnxon n peoprannsannn npanooxpannrentntx opranon n
cyeno cncremt. Cornacno pemennm Hocroxnnoro conera PC.DEC/1022 (15 exapx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 31 exapx 2012 r.





1
5
4

































B
E
3
O
H
A
C
H
O
C
T
B

H

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H
4
H
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B
,

2
0
1
1


Hpoonxenne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

PC.DEC/401
mapr 2001 r.
Cepnx
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx,
Kanaa, Xopnarnx, upannnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx,
Ipennx, Benrpnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Monona,
Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Poccnx, Cnonennx, Hcnannx,
Bnennx, Typu, Bennxopnrannx, Yxpanna, CBA







35*


10.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 141 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Bpeuennme xoannnnn
Bcero: 6 unccnn 30 c1pan-yuac1nnn 900
2180


1053
1704
149
273
105
4
608

Hao.moame.iua ro+uccu uempa.iuix eocyoapcme (HKHI)
HKHI yupexena no cornamennm o noennom nepemnpnn n Kopee, nonncannomy n Hxanmynxome (27 nmnx 1953 r.). Ona ynonnomouena
ocymecrnnxrt ]ynxnnn nasopa, nanmennx, nncnexrnponannx n paccneonannx n ornomennn ntnonnennx cornamennx o nepemnpnn.
Cornamenne o
nepemnpnn
nmnt 1953 r.
Cenepnax Kopex,
Rxnax Kopex
Ha.: Bnennx, Bnenapnx




10




1.3*

* 3ra nn]pa orpaxaer nnmt ]nnanconte nsnoct Bnenapnn



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1
5
5
Muoeouauoua.iuie cu.i u uao.moame.u (MHCH)
MHCH yupexent 3 anrycra 1981 r. n coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom x oronopy o mnpe mexy Ernnrom n Hspannem, nonncanntm 26 mapra 1979 r.
Pasneprtnanne nauanoct 20 mapra 1982 r. nocne ntnoa cnn Hspannx ns Cnnax, onaxo mnccnx nauana ]ynxnnonnponart rontxo 25 anpenx 1982 r., r.e.
n ent, xora Hspannt nepnyn Cnna no cynepennrer Ernnra. Mnccnx ynonnomouena nanmart sa ncnonnennem mnpnoro oronopa n coecrnonart
oecneuennm esonacnocrn.
Hporoxon x
oronopy o mnpe
anpent 1982 r.
Ernner (Cnna)
Ha.: Ancrpannx, Kanaa, Konymnx, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, unxn, upannnx, Benrpnx, Hrannx,
Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Ypyrna, CBA
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpannx, Kanaa, upannnx, Honax
3enannx, Bennxopnrannx, CBA

2000



1656

59*
70
3
(, 1, 2, )
78.9

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnymr 534 uenonexa mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Bpe+euuoe +e+oyuapoouoe npucymcmeue e Xeepoue (BMHX-2)
BMHX-2 yupexeno n coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom, xacammnmcx nepencnoxannn n Xenpone (17 xnnapx 1997 r.), n Cornamennem o npemennom
mexynaponom npncyrcrnnn n Xenpone (21 xnnapx 1997 r.). Mnccnx ynonnomouena coecrnonart cosannm ycnonn esonacnocrn n cranntnocrn,
ntxnnxrt cnyuan napymennx mexynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana n coomart o nnx. Manar nosononnxercx xaxte mecrt mecxnen npn ycnonnn
oopennx nanecrnncxo n nspanntcxo croponamn.
Xenponcxn
nporoxon
]enpant 1997 r.
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn
(Xenpon)
Ha.: annx, Hrannx, Hopnernx, Typnnx
Ip. nepc.: annx, Hopnernx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx

180



38

39*
2

..

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnymr 10 uenonex mecrnoro ncnomorarentnoro nepconana.
Onepau "Eouuopoe"
Onepannx "Ennopor" pasnepnyra cornacno PCF 1464 (4 ]enpanx 2003 r.) n n coornercrnnn c rn. VII Ycrana OOH. Ona tna ynonnomouena oxastnart
noepxxy mnccnn 3KOBAC (20032004 rr.) n oecneuennn esonacnocrn n, n uacrnocrn, coecrnonart ocymecrnnennm Cornamennx Hnna
Mapxycn 2003 r. Cornacno PCF 1528 (27 ]enpanx 2004 r.) manar nepecmorpen: onepannx tna ynonnomouena oxastnart noepxxy OOOHKH.
Cornacno PCF 1795 (15 xnnapx 2008 r.), manar onepannn pacmnpen: n nero tna nxnmuena saaua coecrnnx ntnonnennm Yarayrcxoro
nonnrnuecxoro cornamennx (4 mapra 2007 r.) n ononnnrentntx cornamenn (28 noxpx 2007 r.). C +ro nentm, n uacrnocrn, mnccnn tno nopyueno
coecrnonart n nororonxe x nponeennm ntopon. Ha ocnonannn PCF 2000 (27 nmnx 2011 r.) manar mnccnn nponen o 30 nmnx 2012 r.



1
5
6

































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E
3
O
H
A
C
H
O
C
T
B

H

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O
H
4
H
H
K
T
B
,

2
0
1
1


Oxonuanne rannnt 3. 2
Boncxa/ nanma1enn/
rpaa. nonnnnn/
rpaa. nepconan
Kpnnuecxoe
ocnonanne/
nauano
ocymec1nnennn/
nasnanne/uec1o
C1panm, npeoc1annnmne noncxa, nanma1enen
(na.), rpaaancxym nonnnnm (rp. non.) n rpaaancxnn
nepconan (rp. nepc.) n 2011 r.
Ho nnany Peantnoe
Ho1epn ncero/
x nac1onmeuy
npeuenn/
2011 r./
(no npnunnau
a
)
Pacxom
(n unn
onn.
CmA)
2011 r./
nenmnn.

PCF 1464
]enpant 2003 r.
Kor-Hnyap
Bocxa: upannnx 900



450*



24

91

* Onepannx oecneunnaercx cnnamn noenno-mopcxoro nopasenennx n Innnecxom sannne (mnccnx "Kopnm").
Peeuoua.iua +uccu no+ouu Co.o+ouoei+ Ocmpoea+ (PMHCO)
PMHCO cosana n pamxax Fnxerancxo exnapannn 2000 r. (28 oxrxpx 2000 r.). Ona ynonnomouena coecrnonart npannrentcrny Conomonontx
Ocrponon n noccranonnennn npanonopxxa n cosannn norennnana nonnnecxnx cnn.
Fnxerancxax
exnapannx
nmnt 2003 r.
Conomonont
Ocrpona
Bocxa: Ancrpannx, Honax 3enannx, HanyaHonax
Innnex, Tonra
Ip. non.: Ancrpannx, Ocmpoea Kyra, unxn,
Knpnarn, Mnxponesnx, Haypy, Honax 3enannx,
Huyo, Hanay, HanyaHonax Innnex, Camoa, Tonra,
Tynany, Banyary
Ip. nepc.: Ancrpannx, Kanaa, unxn, Huou, Honax
3enannx, Hueepu, HanyaHonax Innnex, Tonra,
Be.uroopumauu




143

149
175*
7

257.5

* B exrentnocrn mnccnn yuacrnyer 252 mrarntx cnennanncra, nanxrtx na mecre.



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1
5
7
Me+oyuapoouie cu.i oesonacuocmu ua Tu+ope-Heumu (MCBTH)
MCFTH pasnepnyrt no npocte npannrentcrna Tnmopa-Hemrn nx oxasannx coecrnnx n crannnsannn ocranonxn n crpane n c oopennx Conera
Fesonacnocrn OOH (PCF 1690 (20 nmnx 2006 r.)). Hx craryc onpeenxercx cornamennem o craryce cnn (26 max 2006 r.) mexy Ancrpanne n Tnmopom-
Hemrn, a raxxe MOB mexy Ancrpanne, Tnmopom-Hemrn n OOH (26 xnnapx 2007 r.). Mnccnx recno corpynnuaer c HMOOHT.
nycroponnee
cornamenne, 25
max 2006 r. n PCF
1690
ma 2006 r.
Tnmop-Hemrn
Bocxa: Ancrpannx, Honax 3enannx





460



2
1
(, 1, , )
179.3

= ne npnmenxercx; . . = nn]opmannx orcyrcrnyer; CPC = conmecrnoe pemenne Conera EC; PHC OAI = pesonmnnx Hocroxnnoro conera OAI;
KCH = Pyxonoxmn coner OFCE (panee Komnrer crapmnx onxnocrntx nnn); PP = pasopyxenne, emonnnsannx n pennrerpannx;
3KOBAC = 3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno crpan 3anano A]pnxn; CM = Coner mnnncrpon OFCE; MOB = Memopanym o nsanmononnmannn;
CMF = Coner mnpa n esonacnocrn AC; PCF = pesonmnnx Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
a
Tam, re nosmoxno npnnecrn annte n pasnnxe no npnunne cmeprn, n xpyrntx cxoxax yxasano coornercrnenno uncno xeprn n
pesyntrare oentx ecrnn, necuacrntx cnyuaen, onesne n pyrnx npnunn n 2011 r. Tax xax npnunnt cmeprn sauacrym ne nsnecrnt, +rn
nn]pt ne ncera amr n cymme npnneennoe omee uncno norept.
Hcmo:uur: SIPRI Multilateral Peace Operations Database, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/pko/>.








HACTL II. BOEHHLE PACXOL H BOOPYXEHHR,
2011

Inana 4. Boennte pacxot
Inana 5. Hponsnocrno noopyxenn n noennte ycnyrn
Inana 6. Mexynaponax ropronnx opyxnem
Inana 7. epnte cnnt crpan mnpa
4. BOEHHBE PACXOB


KPATKHH OF3OP

Bnepeie c 1998 e. +upoeie eoeuuie pacxooi e 2011e. ue yee.u:u.uci.
Coeorynuie +upoeie eoeuuie pacxooi e 2011 e. oeuuea.uci e 1738 +.po
oo..., :mo cocmae.em 2.5% +upoeoeo ea.oeoeo euympeuueeo npooyrma, u.u
249 oo... ua ra+ooeo :e.oeera (c+. pasoe. I u mao.ui e pasoe.e VII omo
e.aei). Ho cpaeueuum c +upoei+u eoeuui+u pacxooa+u e 2010 e. ouu e pe-
a.iuo+ eipa+euuu ocma.uci qarmu:ecru ueus+euui+u. Oouaro nora eue
c.uuro+ pauo eoeopumi o mo+, :mo +upoeie eoeuuie pacxooi, uaroue, ooc-
mue.u +arcu+a.iuoeo ypoeu.
I.aeuo npu:uuo ocmauoeru pocma eoeuuix pacxoooe e..aci orouo-
+u:ecra no.umura, npuuma e oo.iuuucmee cmpau 3anaoa noc.e e.ooa.i-
uoeo quuaucoeoeo u orouo+u:ecroeo rpusuca, ua:aeueeoc e 2008 e. Hpuopu-
memo+ omo no.umuru cma.o oicmpoe corpaueuue omo+emuix oequu-
moe, romopie pesro eospoc.u ec.eocmeue rpusuca. B :acmuocmu, e 3anaouo
u Heumpa.iuo Eepone npaeume.icmea npuu.u +epi cmpoeo orouo+uu,
er.m:a corpaueuue eoeuuix pacxoooe (c+. pasoe. V). B marux cmpauax, rar
Ipeu, Hma.u u Hcnauu, oono.uume.iuym armya.iuocmi +epa+ no co-
rpaueuum oequuma npuoa. ocmpi oo.eoeo rpusuc, c romopi+ cmo.ruy-
.uci omu cmpaui, orasaeuuec ue e cocmouuu eino.uumi ceou oo.eoeie
oosame.icmea, u e ueromopix c.y:ax u+ nompeooea.aci quuaucoea no-
+oui Eeponecroeo comsa u Me+oyuapoouoeo ea.mmuoeo qouoa. Corpaue-
uu eoeuuix pacxoooe nocmaeu.u e eump euu+auu no.umu:ecrue oeoami
uuoeo pooa, e mo+ :uc.e omuocume.iuo sey:aeuux c ooeux cmopou Am.aumu-
ru oaeuux ooeuueuu e mo+, :mo eeponecrue cmpaui ue cnocooui "mauumi
ceoe ope+" e eoeuuo cqepe, u npuee.u r eosoouoe.euum paoomi no pacuu-
peuum eeponecroeo eoeuuoeo compyouu:ecmea rar cnocooa corpaueuu us-
oep+er npu coxpaueuuu u+emueeoc nomeuua.a.
Oouaro e Coeouueuuix Lmamax ao+uuucmpau u Kouepecc mar+e
npeonpuu.u nonimru coe.acoeami +epi no corpaueuum cmpe+ume.iuo pac-
myueeo oequuma omo+ema CLA, romopi cma. c.eocmeue+ corpaueuu
ua.oeoe u eeoeuu eou e Aqeauucmaue u Hpare u, maru+ oopaso+, oopaso-
ea.c eue oo rpusuca. Xom omu nonimru ue npuee.u r cyuecmeeuuo+y co-
rpaueuum eoeuuix pacxoooe, saoep+ru e npuumuu omo+ema ua 2011 e.
cnocoocmeoea.u mo+y, :mo pacxooi orasa.uci +euiue san.auupoeauuix, e
pesy.imame :eeo a+epuraucrue eoeuuie pacxooi e pea.iuo+ eipa+euuu ue-
sua:ume.iuo cuusu.uci (c+. pasoe. III). Hapoy c omu+u corpaueuu+u npouc-
xoou.o yee.u:euue eoeuuix pacxoooe e Aqpure, Asuu u Bocmo:uo Eepone, e
:acmuocmu e Poccuu. Oouaro oa+e e Asuu, eoe orouo+u:ecru pocm ocmaea.-
c no-npe+ue+y ycmo:uei+, me+ni pocma eoeuuix pacxoooe sa+eo.u.uci,
:mo om:acmu +o+em oimi oocueuo oecnorocmeo+ no noeooy eosoecm-
eu eeponecroeo omo+emuoeo rpusuca ua orouo+u:ecru pocm e oyoyue+.
Oouu+ us oo+uuupymuux qarmopoe, onpeoe.muux cumyaum c oeso-
nacuocmim e +upe e noc.eouue 10 .em, u r.m:eei+ qarmopo+, e.umuu+ ua
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 162
eoeuuie pacxooi eo +uoeux cmpauax, oi.a "e.ooa.iua eoua c meppopus-
+o+", ua:ama noc.e meppopucmu:ecrux uanaoeuu ua CLA 11 ceumop
2001 e. Hsopauui CLA e eicue cmeneuu +u.umapucmcru no.umu:ecru
omeem ua omu uanaoeuu, er.m:aeuu emop+euu e Aqeauucmau u Hpar, r
rouy 2011 e. oooue.c CLA e oo.ee :e+ 1.2 mp.u oo... mo.iro oono.uu-
me.iuix eoeuuix pacxoooe, a coeorynuie oo.eocpo:uie pacxooi +oeym co-
cmaeumi 4 mp.u oo... Iopasoo +euiuue, xom u cyuecmeeuuie, sampami
nouec.u u opyeue y:acmuuru omux eou (c+. pasoe. II). Cmpe+ume.iui pocm
a+epuraucrux eoeuuix pacxoooe ua npom+euuu noc.eoueeo oecmu.emu,
noonumieae+i eoua+u e Aqeauucmaue u Hpare, a mar+e rpynui+u npo-
oo.+amuu+uc npoepa++a+u eoeuuo +ooepuusauu, noxo+e, sarau:uea-
emc e pesy.imame rar orou:auu eoui e Hpare u ceopa:ueauu eoui e
Aqeauucmaue, mar u npuumix +ep no corpaueuum omo+emuoeo oequuma.
To:uoe uanpae.euue oeu+euu a+epuraucrux eoeuuix pacxoooe e oyoyue+
oyoem saeucemi om ucxooa npooo.+amuuxc +e+oy ao+uuucmpaue u
Kouepecco+ oucryccu no noeooy omo+ema. B mo +e epe+ ao+uuucmpau
ooeu.a o n.auax no nepeopueumauu cu. u eoeuuo cmpameeuu e ceeme oo-
.ee +ecmrux omo+emuix yc.oeu (c+. pasoe. III).
B 2011 e. peeuouo+ c ca+i+ oo.iuu+ yee.u:euue+ eoeuuix pacxoooe
orasa.aci Aqpura (c+. pasoe. IV), eoe eeci+a sua:ume.iuo, ua 44%, eospoc.u
eoeuuie pacxooi e A.+upe cmpaue c ca+i+u eicoru+u eoeuui+u pacxo-
oa+u ua roumuueume. Henpepieui pocm eoeuuix pacxoooe A.+upa e no-
c.eouue eooi ooecne:uea.c yee.u:euue+ ueqmuix ooxoooe u onpaeoiea.c
oeme.iuocmim A.i-Kauoi e uc.a+cro+ Maepuoe, xom, eos+o+uo, oo.ee
ea+uo npu:uuo e.mmc peeuoua.iuie a+ouuu cmpaui. B Hueepuu
e.aeuo npoo.e+o e cqepe oesonacuocmu mar+e oi.a meppopucmu:ecra
oeme.iuocmi Boro Xapa+, u eoeuui omeem ua omy oeme.iuocmi, euou-
+o, e.emc oouu+ us qarmopoe yee.u:euu eoeuuix pacxoooe Hueepuu. Oo-
uaro ue c.eoyem ueuopupoeami u po.i ueqmuix ooxoooe u uuix qarmopoe.
Ha omo+ qoue oo. coooueuu o eoeuuix pacxooax e Opeauusaum Oo-
eouueuuix Hau nocpeocmeo+ sano.ueuu ee cmauoapmusupoeauuoeo oory-
+euma om:emuocmu npooo.+u.a cuu+amic, rar omo u oi.o e noc.eouue
eooi (c+. pasoe. VI). Ipynna npaeume.icmeeuuix orcnepmoe OOH e 2011 e.
nepec+ompe.a omom oory+eum, om:acmu c mo:ru speuu noucra nyme no
yee.u:euum oo.u no.y:euuix coooueuu.

C3M HEPHO-uPHMAH
BOEHHBE PACXOB 163
I. HHAMHKA BOEHHIX PACXOOB B MHPE

C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH n Kapnna COHMHPAHO

C 1998 no 2010 r. conoxynnte mnponte noennte pacxot ynennunna-
nnct xaxt ro n peantnom ntpaxennn, onaxo +ror pocr ocranonnncx n
2011 r., xora pacxot ocrnrnn 1738 mnp onn. Camt tcrpt pocr orme-
uancx n nepno c 2001 no 2009 r., xora cpene exeront npnpocr cocran-
nxn 5%. Temnt pocra samennnnct n 2010 r. n n 2011 r. coxparnnnct ncero
nnmt na 0.3%, uro, c yuerom neonpeenennocrn n onenxe, nesnaunrentno or-
nnuaercx or nynx
1
. Boennte pacxot Coennenntx Braron, xnnxnmnecx
rnanno cocrannxmme rnoantnoro npnpocra c 2001 r., cnerxa coxparnnnct n
2011 r., uro nponsomno nnepnte c 1998 r. uro xacaercx pyrnx pernonon mn-
pa, ro ynennuenne pacxoon n A]pnxe, na Fnnxnem n Cpenem Bocroxe n n
Asnn n Oxeannn ypannonemnnano nx coxpamenne n Harnncxo Amepnxe
(cm. ran. 4.1). B Enpone snaunrentnt pocr pacxoon n Bocrouno Enpone
ocoenno n Asepaxane n Poccnn xomnencnponancx nx coxpamennem yxe
nropo ro nopx n 3anano n Henrpantno Enpone.
Cnncox 15 crpan c nanonee ntcoxnmn noenntmn pacxoamn n mnpe n
2011 r. nxnmuaer re xe camte crpant, uro n n 2010 r., no nx nocneonarent-
nocrt necxontxo nsmennnact (cm. ran. 4.2). B ornnune or ontmnncrna ner n
2000-x rr., ontmnncrno crpan 9 ns 15 n 2011 r. coxparnnn cnon noennte
pacxot n peantnom ntpaxennn. Pacxot ono crpant, nonnn, ocrannct
nensmenntmn, rora xax Knra, Rxnax Kopex, Poccnx, Cayoncxax Apannx n
Typnnx ynennunnn cnon noennte pacxot. Onaxo sa nepno 20022011 rr. n
10 ns 15 crpan noennte pacxot nospocnn, a nx coxpamenne ormeuanoct n
nonnn n ontmnncrne enponecxnx crpan: upannnn, Iepmannn, Hrannn n
Typnnn. Hanpornn, noennte pacxot, paccunrannte xax onx n nanonom
nnyrpennem npoyxre (BBH) pemx noenntx pacxoon, n nepno c 2002
no 2011 r. coxparnnnct n 10 ns 15 crpan, npnuem ocoenno samerno n Typnnn,
ute pemx noenntx pacxoon cnnsnnoct c 3.9% o 2.3%. B uertpex crpanax
pemx noenntx pacxoon ntpocno; nanontmee ynennuenne c 3.4 o 4.7%
nponsomno n CBA. Coennnte Brart no-npexnemy namnoro npenocxoxr
pyrne crpant mnpa no nennunne noenntx pacxoon, npnmepno panntx pac-
xoam 14 cneymmnx crpan, nmecre nsxrtx.
3a nepno 20022011 rr. nponsomno cymecrnennoe ynennuenne noenntx
pacxoon no ncex pernonax n cypernonax, xpome 3anano n Henrpantno
Enpont, re onn ]axrnuecxn ne nsmennnnct. Hanonee samerno noennte
pacxot nospocnn n Cenepno A]pnxe n Bocrouno Enpone. Kaprnna pocra n
cnnxennx noenntx pacxoon n 2011 r. xax nnyrpn, rax n mexy pernonamn,
nectma neonopona (cm. ran. 4.3).

1
3rn neonpeenennocrn nosnnxamr no npnunne npnneennx onenox pacxoon rex crpan,
annte no xoroptm sa 2011 r. orcyrcrnymr, n roro, uro ontmnncrno anntx sa 2011 r. npe-
crannxmr sannannponannte, a ne ]axrnuecxne pacxot, n uro +xonomnuecxne noxasarenn sa
2011 r., ncnontsonannte nx nepecuera anntx no pacxoam n onnapt CBA n nocroxnntx
nenax 2010 r., xnnxmrcx npenapnrentntmn.

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B
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1

Tannna 4.1. Boennme pacxom no pernonau, ueaynaponmu oprannsannnu n rpynnau c1pan, cqopunponannmu
no yponnm oxoa n 20022011 rr.
annte sa 20022011 rr. npnnoxrcx n mnp onn. CBA n nocroxnntx nenax n no omenntm xypcam 2010 r.
annte sa 2011 r. n xpanem npanom cronne (nomeuennom snaxom*) npnnoxrcx n mnp onn. CBA n rexymnx nenax.
Hrorn moryr ne connaart ncnecrnne oxpyrnenn.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
Bcero n unpe 1146 1218 1286 1340 1383 1436 1513 1613 1629 1634 1738
CBA 432 492 536 562 571 586 629 680 698 690 711
Mnp, ncxnmuax CBA 713 725 750 777 812 850 884 934 931 945 1026
Ieoepaqu:ecrue peeuoui
A]pnxa 19.5 19.4 21.8 22.7 23.7 (24.5) (27.9) (28.6) (29.6) (32.2) (34.3)
Cenepnax A]pnxa 6.3 6.5 7.1 7.3 7.3 8.0 9.4 (10.0) (10.5) (13.1) (13.9)
A]pnxa mxnee Caxapt 13.2 12.9 14.8 15.4 16.3 (16.6) (18.5) (18.6) (19.1) (19.1) (20.4)
Amepnxa 497 552 600 631 644 664 714 768 791 780 809
Henrpantnax Amepnxa n 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.0
crpant Kapncxoro accena
Cenepnax Amepnxa 448 508 552 579 588 605 650 701 721 713 736
Rxnax Amepnxa 44.9 40.1 43.1 47.2 51.0 53.5 58.6 60.3 63.6 61.1 66.0
Asnx n Oxeannx 204 213 224 236 249 267 283 317 322 330 364
Henrpantnax n Rxnax Asnx 34.5 35.5 40.4 42.8 43.5 44.9 49.3 56.6 57.4 55.9 61.7
Bocrounax Asnx 131 137 143 151 162 175 185 208 212 221 243
Oxeannx 18.1 18.5 19.2 19.8 20.9 22.2 22.9 24.6 24.9 24.6 28.6
Rro-Bocrounax Asnx 19.9 22.0 21.6 22.0 22.5 25.6 26.2 27.5 27.4 28.2 31.0
Enpona 347 352 354 356 365 373 384 392 375 376 407
Bocrounax Enpona 38.7 41.4 43.3 47.9 53.4 58.9 64.9 66.4 65.5 72.1 80.5
3ananax n Henrpantnax 308 310 311 308 311 314 319 325 310 304 326
Enpona
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox 78.0 81.5 86.3 94.3 101 107 104 (108) (111) (116) (123)
Opeauusauu

A]pnxancxn coms 22.1 22.1 24.2 25.0 26.1 (26.9) (29.6) (30.1) (30.8) (33.1) (35.3)
Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn 63.0 65.1 71.0 77.0 81.6 91.1 94.3 98.5 102 (109) (114)

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1
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5
Oxonuanne rannnt 4. 1
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
CHI 39.5 42.3 44.4 49.1 54.8 60.8 66.8 67.6 67.0 73.9 82.4
OKF 36.9 39.3 41.0 45.0 49.5 54.2 59.8 62.3 61.7 67.2 75.1
Bocrounoa]pnxancxoe 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2
coomecrno
3KOBAC 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.8
Enponecxn coms 255 259 277 276 278 285 289 294 279 271 293
HATO 728 790 842 866 879 897 947 1006 1011 996 1039
Enponecxne unent HATO 281 283 290 287 291 293 297 305 290 283 303
OFCE 795 860 908 936 954 980 1035 1094 1098 1091 1145
RACP 6.7 7.3 7.4 8.5 9.0 8.7 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.0 10.8
BOC 84.3 90.8 98.1 109 125 141 155 178 182 195 217
Ipynni cmpau no ypoeum ooxooa
Hnsxn (4.7) 4.8 (5.1) (5.2) (5.5) (6.0) (6.2) (6.3) (6.7) (6.8) (7.4)
Hnxe cpenero 112 120 131 141 154 172 189 217 223 232 255
Btme cpenero 131 128 134 144 156 161 170 176 178 186 202
Btcoxn 896 965 1017 1049 1067 1096 1148 1214 1222 1209 1274
Mupoeie eoeuuie pacxooi ua oyuy uace.euu (e oo... CLA e meryuux euax)
126 145 162 173 182 200 222 228 236 249
Bpe+ +upoeix eoeuuix pacxoooe (+upoeie eoeuuie pacxooi rar oo. (e %) e +upoeo+ ea.oeo+ euympeuue+ npooyrme, e meryuux euax)
2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5
( ) = nroronte annte ocnonant na anntx crpan, na xoropte npnxonrcx menee 90% ome cymmt pacxoon no pernony; . . =
nmemmnecx n nannunn annte oxnartnamr crpant, na xoropte npnxonrcx menee 60% ome cymmt pacxoon no pernony.
Hpu+e:auue: conoxynnte mnponte pacxot, a raxxe conoxynnte pacxot no pernonam, oprannsannxm n rpynnam crpan, c]opmnponan-
ntm no yponnm oxoa onenxn, ocnonannte na anntx ran. 4.9 no crpanam, oxnauenntm aso anntx CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam.
Kora annte o noenntx pacxoax crpant orcyrcrnymr n reuenne necxontxnx ner, enamrcx onenxn. Onenxn uame ncero ocnonant na npe-
nonoxennn, uro remnt nsmenennx noenntx pacxoon +ro crpant raxne xe, xax n cpenem no pernony, x xoropomy ona npnnanexnr (cm.
raxxe Hcrounnxn n merot nnxe). Ecnn onennrt noennte pacxot crpant ne npecrannxercx nosmoxntm, ro ona ne yunrtnaercx n nro-

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B
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H
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E

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1

rontx cymmax. Crpant, ncxnmuennte ns ncex nrorontx cymm: Kya, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, Iaana, Ianrn, KHP, Mtxnma, Comann, Tpn-
nna n Toaro n 3nmane.
Hroronte cymmt nx pernonon n rpynn crpan no yponnm oxoa coornercrnymr nocroxnnomy naopy crpan n reuenne ncex ner nanm-
ennx. Hroronte cymmt nx oprannsann oxnartnamr rontxo pacxot crpan unenon oprannsannn n annom roy. Btenenne reorpa]nue-
cxnx pernonon n cypernonon ocnontnaercx na xnaccn]nxannn crpan n ran. 4.84.10.
Hcmo:uuru: Tan. 4.9; Ipynni cmpau no ypoeum ooxooa (c]opmnponant na ocnone nanonoro nannonantnoro oxoa na ymy nacenennx
n 2009 r.): World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development (World Bank: Washington, DC, 2011); Huc.euuocmi uace.euu:
UNFPA, State of World Population 2011: People and Possibilities in a World of 7 Billion (UNFPA: New York, 2011); n BBH: International
Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook: Slowing Growth, Rising Risks (IMF: Washington, DC, Sep. 2011).
BOEHHBE PACXOB 167
Tannna 4.2. 15 c1pan c nanonee nmcoxnun noennmun pacxoaun n 2011 r.
annte o pacxoax npnnoxrcx n onnapax CBA n rexymnx nenax n no ptnountm
omenntm xypcam. Crpant panxnponant n coornercrnnn c noenntmn pacxoamn,
nepecunranntmn no ptnountm omenntm xypcam (POK).
Panr
onn n
BBH (%)
a

2011 2010
C1pana
Pacxom n
2011 r.
(unp
onn.,
no POK)
Hsuene-
nne, 2002
2011 rr.
(n %)
2011 2002
onn n
unpe,
2011 r.
(n %)
Pacxom
n 2011 r.
(unp
onn.,
no HHC)
b

1 1 CBA 711 59 4.7 3.4 41 711
2 2 Knra [143] 170 [2.0] [2.2] [8.2] [228]
3 5 Poccnx [71.9] 79 [3.9] [4.5] [4.1] [93.7]
4 3 Bennxo- 62.7 18 2.6 2.5 3.6 57.5
pnrannx
5 4 upannnx 62.5 0.6 2.3 2.5 3.6 50.1
Hroro 5 nepntx crpan 1051 . . . . . . 61 . .
6 6 nonnx 59.3 2.5 1.0 1.0 3.4 44.7
7 9 Hnnx 48.9 66 2.6 2.9 2.8 117
8 7 Cayoncxax 48.5 90 8.7 9.8 2.8 58.8
Apannx
c

9 8 Iepmannx [46.7] 3.7 [1.3] 1.5 [2.7] [40.4]
10 11 Fpasnnnx 35.4 19 1.5 1.9 2.0 33.8
Hroro 10 nepntx crpan 1290 . . . . . . 74 . .
11 10 Hrannx [34.5] 21 [1.6] 2.0 [2.0] [28.5]
12 12 Rxnax 30.8 45 2.7 2.4 1.8 42.1
Kopex
13 13 Ancrpannx 26.7 37 1.8 1.9 1.5 16.6
14 14 Kanaa [24.7] 53 [1.4] 1.2 [1.4] [19.9]
15 15 Typnnx [17.9] 12 [2.3] 3.9 [1.0] [25.2]
Hroro 15 nepntx crpan 1425 . . . . . . 82 . .
Bcero n unpe 1738 43 2.5 2.4 100 . .
[ ] = onenxa; BBH = nanono nnyrpennn npoyxr; HHC = napnrer noxynarentno cno-
conocrn.
a
annte o nannonantntx noenntx pacxoax xax one n BBH ocnonant na onenxax BBH
n 2011 r., npecrannenntx n ase anntx MBu World Economic Outlook, Sep. 2011.
b
annte o noenntx pacxoax, nepecunranntx no xypcam na ocnone HHC, xnnxmrcx
onenxamn, cenanntmn na ocnone npornosnpyemtx omenntx xypcon no HHC nx xaxo
crpant, npecrannenntx n ase anntx MBu World Economic Outlook, Sep. 2011.
c
annte no Cayoncxo Apannn nxnmuamr pacxot na noepxanne omecrnennoro
nopxxa n esonacnocrn n moryr trt cnerxa santment.
Hcmo:uuru: Fasa anntx CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam, <http://www.sipri.org/ databases/
milex/>; n IMF, World Economic Outlook database, Sep. 2011, <http://www.imf.org/external/
pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/index.aspx>.

B mnponom macmrae ]nnancont n +xonomnuecxn xpnsnc npnnen x
cymecrnennomy nsmenennm renennn noenntx pacxoon. C 2002 no 2008 r.
78% crpan, no xoroptm nmemrcx annte, ynennunnn cnon noennte pacxot,
onaxo n nepno 20082011 rr. onx raxnx crpan ynana o 56%. Hanpornn,
menennt pocr nnn naenne BBH ncnecrnne xpnsnca osnauamr, uro n n-
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 168
namnxe noenntx pacxoon xax onn n BBH nanmanact npornnononoxnax
renennnx. C 2002 no 2008 r. pemx noenntx pacxoon n 25% crpan, no xoro-
ptm nmemrcx annte, nospocno, n 63% crpan coxparnnoct n n 12% crpan oc-
ranoct nensmenntm. Onaxo c 2008 no 2010 r. pemx noenntx pacxoon n
43% crpan ynennunnoct, n 41% crpan cnnsnnoct n n 17% crpan ocranoct ne-
nsmenntm. Taxnm opasom, n nepno n nenom ntcoxoro mnponoro +xonomnue-
cxoro pocra n ontmnncrne crpan noennte pacxot ynennunnannct menennee,
uem pocnn nx +xonomnxn, no no npemx xpnsnca +ra renennnx nsmennnact.

Tannna 4.3. Knmuenan c1a1nc1nxa noennmx pacxoon no pernonau n 2011 r.
Hsmenennx ant n peantnom ntpaxennn.
Hsuenenne (n %)
Inannme nsuenennn, 2011 (n %)
a


Pernon/cypernon
Boennme
pacxom
n 2011 r.
(unp
onn.)
2010
2011 rr.
2002
2011 rr.
Ynennuenne Yuentmenne
Aqpura (34.3) 8.6 65 3nmane 50 Hecoro 24
Cenepnax A]pnxa (13.9) 25 110 Anxnp 44 Iana 23
A]pnxa mxnee (20.4) 0.1 44 Konro, PK 15 Kor-'Hnyap 16
Caxapt Maaracxap 12 Kennx [16]
Amepnxa 809 1.4 57 Haparna 34 omnnnxancxax 9.4
Henrpantnax 7.0 2.7 36 unnn [12] Pecnynnxa
Amepnxa n crpant Inaremana 7.1 Aprenrnna [8.9]
Kapncxoro Mexcnxa 5.7 Fpasnnnx 8.2
accena Benecy+na 7.4
Cenepnax Amepnxa 736 1.2 59
Rxnax Amepnxa 66.0 3.9 36
Asu u Oreauu 364 2.2 61 A]ranncran 36 unnnnnnnt 8.7
Henrpantnax n 61.7 2.7 62 Hnonesnx 12 Bternam 6.9
Rxnax Asnx Kasaxcran [9.7] Bpn-Hanxa 6.5
Bocrounax Asnx 243 4.1 69 Manasnx 9.4 Fpyne 4.6
Oxeannx 28.6 1.2 36 apyccanam
Rro-Bocrounax 31.0 2.7 42
Asnx
Eepona 407 0.2 8.3 Asepaxan 89 Fonrapnx 19
Bocrounax Enpona 80.5 10 86 Bnenapnx 12 Ipysnx [18]
3ananax n 326 1.9 1.5 Hopnernx [11] Cnonaxnx 14
Henrpantnax Poccnx 9.3 Cnonennx 13
Enpona
B.u+uu u (123) 4.6 49 Hpax (55) Oman 17
Cpeouu Bocmor Faxpen 14 Ernner 4.2
Kyner 9.8 Hopannx 4.2
( ) = neonpeenennte annte; [ ] = onenxa CHHPH.
a
B cnncxe noxasant camte ontmne ynennuennx nnn ymentmennx noenntx pacxoon n
xaxom ns pernonon n nenom, a ne n cypernone. Crpant, noennte pacxot xoroptx n 2011 r.
cocrannxnn menee 100 mnn onn. nnn n A]pnxe menee 50 mnn onn., ne yunrtnamrcx.

B Asnn n Oxeannn noennte pacxot n 2011 r. ynennunnnct nenamnoro.
Kpynnemn nannonantnt npnpocr nmen mecro n A]ranncrane (36%) ns-sa
BOEHHBE PACXOB 169
npoonxammerocx pacmnpennx A]rancxo nannonantno apmnn
2
. B Knrae
ynennuenne pacxoon na 6.7% n peantnom ntpaxennn, nnn na 8 mnp onn.,
pannxnoct conoxynnomy pernonantnomy npnpocry. Btpaxanact nexoropax
oecnoxoennocrt no nonoy roro, uro nospocmax noennax momt Knrax moxer
npnnecrn x pernonantno ronxe noopyxenn
3
. Onaxo xparxn osop renen-
nn nnamnxn noenntx pacxoon aer cmemannym xaprnny
4
. Boennte pacxo-
t Hnnn c 2002 r. ynennunnnct na 59%, uro tno oycnonneno conepnnue-
crnom c Knraem, saammnm remn n ronxe pacxoon
5
. Bternam raxxe ynennunn
cnon pacxot na 82% c 2003 r., n rom uncne n no npnunne coxpanxmmecx
nanpxxennocrn n Rxno-Knracxom mope
6
. Onaxo nonnx c 2002 r. cnon no-
ennte pacxot coxparnna na 2.5%, a ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon Tananx sa
ror xe nepno cocrannno ncero nnmt 13%, nocxontxy ornomennx c Knraem
norennenn. unnnnnnnt, y xoroptx raxxe cymecrnyer nanpxxennocrt n or-
nomennxx c Knraem ns-sa Rxno-Knracxoro mopx, ynennunnn cnon noennte
pacxot nesnaunrentno. B ecrnnrentnocrn nexoropte ns camtx nnymn-
rentntx c 2002 r. ynennuenn noenntx pacxoon n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn ne
cnxsant c Knraem: 82%- npnpocr Hnonesnn orpaxaer nontrxn crpant
ocrnut mnnnmantno neoxonmtx cnn nx xonrponx na cnonm omnp-
ntm apxnnenarom n, nosmoxno, coxpanxmmeecx nonnrnuecxoe nnnxnne noen-
ntx
7
. Hpnpocrt pacxoon n Kamoxe (70%) n Tannane (66%) oruacrn cnx-
sant c nx norpannuntm cnopom, conponoxanmnmcx n 2010 n 2011 rr. mnoro-
uncnenntmn nnnnenramn c npnmenennem nacnnnx, n n cnyuae c Tannan-
om c nmemmnm annmm ncropnm noncranuecxnm nnxennem na mre crpa-
nt n npoonxammnmncx nnyrpennnmn nonnennxmn nocne noennoro nepeno-
pora, conepmennoro n 2006 r.
8

Coxpamenne noenntx pacxoon n Rxno Amepnxe n 2011 r. nponsomno
nnepnte c 2003 r. Ono oxcnxercx ymentmennem noenntx pacxoon na 8.2%
n Fpasnnnn, coxparnnme cno nepnonauantnt ncxpennonnt noennt
mxer (xoropt nxnmuaer pacxot na nonym rexnnxy, no ne nxnmuaer, na-
npnmep, pacxot na xanonante) na 25% n pamxax npnnxrtx mep no opte c
nn]nxnne
9
. B nenom n pernone nanmannct xax pocr, rax n cnnxenne pac-

2
Afghan Ministry of Finance (MOF), 1390 National Budget (MOF: Kabul, 2011), pp. 12,
14. B +rn annte ne nxnmuena noennax nomomt, nocrynammax or CBA n pyrnx mexyna-
pontx onopon.
3
Hanpnmep, Sharma, A. n p., Asias new arms race, Wall Street Journal, 12 Feb. 2011.
4
Fonee pasnepnyroe ocyxenne renennn n Bocrouno n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn cm.:
Perlo-Freeman, S. and Solmirano, C., Wettlaufohne Sieger [Race without winners], Welt Sichten,
no. 9-2011 (Sep. 2011), pp. 2933.
5
Perlo-Freeman, S. et al., Military expenditure, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 166170.
6
annte no Bternamy o 2003 r. orcyrcrnymr. O npnoperennn noopyxenn rocyap-
crnamn, nmemmnmn ntxo x Rxno-Knracxomy mopm, cm. pasen III rnant 6 nacroxmero
nsannx.
7
Anderson, G. and Grevatt, J., Island vision, Janes Defence Weekly, 28 Sep. 2011, pp. 2832.
8
Chachavalpongpun, P., Internal conflicts now shaping defence policy, South China Morn-
ing Post, 14 Mar. 2011. Cm. raxxe: Melvin, N. J., Conflict in Southern Thailand: Islamism, Violence
and the State in the Patani Insurgency, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 20 (SIPRI: Stockholm, Sep. 2007).
9
Lima, M. S., Gobernooficializacorte de R$ 50 bi no oramento de 2011 [Government for-
malizes cut of R$50 billion in the 2011 budget], Folha (So Paulo), 9 Feb. 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 170
xoon (cm. ran. 4.3). Ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon n Henrpantno Amepnxe
crano n snaunrentno crenenn pesyntrarom pacmnpennx yuacrnx noenntx n
opte c pasnopaunnammnmcx no cnnpann noopyxenntm nacnnnem co cropo-
nt napxoxaprene
10
. Mexcnxa, n uacrnocrn, c 2002 no 2011 r. ynennunna no-
ennte pacxot na 52% n peantnom ntpaxennn. Oruacrn no npnunne ne+]-
]exrnnnocrn n xoppymnnponannocrn nonnnecxnx cnn no nce crpane tnn
pasnepnyrt 45 000 noennocnyxamnx nx noepxannx ycnnn no conme-
nnm saxonnocrn n nopxxa
11
. ononnnrentnte pacxot nomnn na ynennue-
nne xanonantx, opty c ntcoxnm yponnem eseprnpcrna n, n mentme cre-
nenn, na nonte saxynxn opyxnx nx noepxannx onepann npornn napxoxap-
rene
12
. Onaxo ecrnnx noenntx ne ocranonnnn pocr uncna cmeprentntx
cnyuaen n pesyntrare noopyxennoro nacnnnx n npnnenn x onnnennxm n na-
pymennn npan uenonexa
13
.
Onenxa nx Fnnxnero n Cpenero Bocroxa n 2011 r. ouent neonpeenen-
na ns-sa orcyrcrnnx anntx no xnmuentm crpanam, n uacrnocrn, Hpany n
Oennenntm Apacxnm 3mnparam. Cpen crpan, no xoroptm annte nme-
mrcx, camoe ontmoe ynennuenne pacxoon na 55% nponsomno n Hpaxe.
Onaxo n nocnenne rot Hpax nocroxnno ne ntnpan n nonnom oeme cno
nepnonauantnt noennt mxer, no+romy ecrnnrentnt npnpocr moxer
trt snaunrentno mentme. B oruere Hpannrentcrnennoro ]nnanconoro ynpa-
nnennx CBA sa 2010 r. ormeueno, uro c 2005 no 2009 r. npaxcxne mnnncrep-
crna no oecneuennm esonacnocrn ne cmornn norparnrt 2.55.2 mnp onn.
accnrnonanntx ]onon, n rom uncne n 1.23.4 mnp onn., npenasnauenntx
nx saxynxn opyxnx
14
.
Boennte pacxot n CBA, A]pnxe n Enpone nopono paccmorpent n
pasenax III, IV n V coornercrnenno.


10
Hepeuent neannnx axrnnntx xon]nnxron n Henrpantno Amepnxe cm. n pasene III
rnant 2 nacroxmero nsannx. Homnmo Mexcnxn, noenntx npnnnexnn x opte c nacnnnem,
cnxsanntm c napxornxamn, n Cantnaope, Inaremane n Ionypace. Infodefensa, Militarizacion
de la SeguridadPublica en Centroamerica [Militarization of public security in Central America],
14 Dec. 2011, <http://www.info defensa.com/?opinion=militarizacion-de-la-seguridad-publica-en-
centroamerica>.
11
Fainaru, S. and Booth, W., As Mexico battles cartels, the army becomes the law, Washing-
ton Post, 2 Apr. 2009.
12
Guevara Moyano, I., Adapting, Transforming, and Modernizing under Fire: The Mexican
Military 200611 (US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute: Carlisle, PA, Sep. 2011).
Cm., raxxe, nanpnmep, US Embassy in Mexico City, U.S. delivers $43.3 million dollars in
equipment support to Mexican Navy as part of Merida Initiative, Press release, 1 Dec. 2011,
<http://mexico.usembassy.gov/press-releases/equipment-merida-initiative.html>.
13
Freedom House, Mexico, Freedom in the World 2011 (Freedom House: Washington, DC,
2011); n Carlsen, L., Phase 2 of the drug war, Panama News, 10 Apr. 2010, <http://www.the
panamanews.com/pn/v_16/issue_05/opinion_01.html>.
14
Government Accountability Office (GAO), IraqiU.S. Cost-sharing, GAO-10-918 (GAO:
Washington, DC, Sep. 2010), p. 5.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 171
II. 3KOHOMHuECKA CTOHMOCTI BOHHI
B AuIAHHCTAHE H HPAKE

C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH n Kapnna COHMHPAHO

Ftcrpt pocr noenntx pacxoon no ncem mnpe n nocnenee ecxrnnerne
nponcxonn n nonnrnuecxo ocranonxe n cnryannn n onacrn esonacnocrn,
cnoxnnmnxcx n mnpe nocne reppopncrnuecxnx nanaenn na Coennennte
Brart 11 cenrxpx 2001 r. B uacrnocrn, +ror pocr tn ntsnan nonnrnuecxn-
mn orneramn na +rn nanaennx, ntpanntmn CBA n nx comsnnxamn n na-
snanntmn rnoantno nono c reppopnsmom. Camtm naxntm n ntcme
crenenn mnnnrapncrcxom ornerom CBA xnnxmrcx ontmne nont n A]rann-
crane n Hpaxe
1
.
3rn ne nont npnnenn nomnmo orpomntx uenoneuecxnx norept x
snaunrentntm n npoonxammnmcx +xonomnuecxnm nsepxxam xax camnx
A]ranncrana n Hpaxa, rax n crpan, yuacrnonanmnx no nropxennn n nocne-
ymme oxxynannn +rnx crpan. B pxe nccneonann na ocnone pasnnuntx
meroon onenxn tna npenpnnxra nontrxa ycranonnrt crenent +rnx nsep-
xex. B +rom pasene anannsnpymrcx nponemt, cnxsannte c onenxo nsep-
xex A]ranncrana n Hpaxa, n nsnaraercx nn]opmannx o sarparax CBA n pxa
comsnnuecxnx crpan.
Hoxnnxercx nce ontme nocnxmenno xon]nnxram nnreparypt n nona-
ropcxnx nccneonann +xonomnuecxnx nsepxex xon]nnxra, n xoroptx anro-
pt crpemxrcx onennrt nno cronmocrt orentntx xon]nnxron, nno cono-
xynnym cronmocrt xon]nnxra no ncem mnpe. Hcnontsyemte meroonornn oc-
nontnamrcx na xantxynxnnonntx noxoax, xora enaercx nontrxa
ycranonnrt nce norennnantnte npnunnt yrpart oxoa n marepnantntx
nennocre, n +xonomerpnuecxnx noxoax, xora npnmenxmrcx crarncrnue-
cxne merot onenxn norept nanonoro nnyrpennero npoyxra (BBH). Taxne
onenxn ncera conpxxent c ontmo neonpeenennocrtm ns-sa xonnenry-
antntx rpynocre nenrn]nxannn ncex npnunn necennx nsepxex, a raxxe
no mnornx cnyuaxx nnsxoro xauecrna anntx no yuacrnymmnm n xon]nnxre
crpanam n ns-sa roro, uro nce raxne onenxn onxnt trt coornecent c reo-
pernuecxnm npenonoxennem roro, uro nponsomno t n cnyuae orcyrcrnnx
xon]nnxra. B 2010 r. nayunte corpynnxn Hemenxoro nncrnryra +xonomnue-
cxnx nccneonann (DIW Fepnnn) nsyunnn snaunrentnym uacrt cymecrnym-
me nnreparypt n ann onenxy conoxynntx norept mnponoro BBH n pesynt-
rare ncex xon]nnxron naunnax c 1960 r. Onn npnmnn x ntnoy, uro ecnn t
ne tno nnxaxnx noopyxenntx xon]nnxron naunnax c 1960 r., mnpono BBH
n 2007 r. oxasancx t na 14.3%, nnn na 9.1 rpnn onn. ntme, uem on tn na
camom ene
2
.

1
Bonpoc o rom, cneyer nn paccmarpnnart nony n Hpaxe xax orner na reppopncrnuec-
xne araxn, xnnxercx cnopntm, onaxo ee, nepoxrno, morno t n ne trt, ecnn t ne c]opmn-
ponanmncx nocne nanaenn reppopncron nonnrnuecxn xnnmar.
2
Bozzoli, C., Brck, T. and de Groot, O. J., The global economic costs of conflict, Global
Economic Costs of Conflict (GECC) Project Paper, DIW Berlin, Mar. 2010, available on request
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 172
Konnenryantno +xonomnuecxne nsepxxn xon]nnxra moryr trt pase-
nent na rpn xareropnn. Bo-nepntx, +ro ononnnrentnte pecypct, xoropte
rpeymrcx nenocpecrnenno nx neennx xon]nnxra. Onn nxnmuamr n cex
ononnnrentnte noennte pacxot rocyapcrn n uenoneuecxne n +xonomnue-
cxne pecypct, norpenxemte noncranuecxnmn rpynnnponxamn (xorx nocne-
nne, xax npannno, nenosmoxno nenocpecrnenno nsmepnrt). Bo-nroptx, +ro
conoxynnte norepn nannonantnoro npoyxra (BBH) n pesyntrare xon]nnxra.
Onn moryr trt ntsnant mnornmn npnunnamn, nxnmuax norepn uenoneue-
cxoro xannrana ns-sa cmeprn n yrpart rpyocnoconocrn; napymenne +xono-
mnuecxo exrentnocrn ns-sa nenocpecrnenno onacnocrn, ncxoxme or
noopyxenntx cronxnonenn, nepememennx nacenennx, saxnaxn mnnntx no-
ne n no pyrnm npnunnam; paspymenne nemecrnennoro xannrana n nn]pa-
crpyxrypt; ynymennte nnyrpennne n nnocrpannte nnnecrnnnn; n norepn
oxoon or rypnsma. Mnorne ns +rnx ]axropon moryr npoonxart ecrno-
nart n reuenne nnrentnoro npemenn nocne oxonuannx noopyxenntx xon-
]nnxron ns-sa coxpanxmmerocx nacnnnx n npecrynnocrn n nepexnnmnx xon-
]nnxr omecrnax, xax +ro nponcxonr n Hpaxe. B-rpertnx, +ro nsepxxn noc-
cranonnennx n peannnrannn: noccranonnenne nemecrnennoro xannrana n
nn]pacrpyxrypt n oxasanne mennnncxo nomomn xeprnam xon]nnxra. 3rn
nnt exrentnocrn nnocxr cno nxna n BBH, no npecrannxmr pecypct, xo-
ropte mornn t trt ncnontsonant n pyrnx nnax exrentnocrn, nexenn
nosmemenne ymepa, npnunnennoro xon]nnxrom.
B cnyuaxx c A]ranncranom n Hpaxom nontrxn onennrt nsepxxn xon-
]nnxron nocne cenrxpx 2001 r. tnn nemnorouncnennt. Ona ns nponem
orcyrcrnne anntx no A]ranncrany npn pexnme Tannana n no Hpaxy npn
Caame Xycene nanpnmep, n oonx cnyuaxx ner nnxaxnx anntx o noen-
ntx pacxoax. pyrax nponema +ro ntop reopernuecxoro npenonoxennx
nx cpannennx, nocxontxy A]ranncran o nosrnannxemo CBA nont yxe
naxonncx n cocroxnnn xon]nnxra, a npaxcxax +xonomnxa nonepranact xecr-
xnm canxnnxm. Cornacno ono onenxn nx Hpaxa, cenanno Konnnom Poy-
+rom, BBH +ro crpant n 2005 r. tn t na 40% ntme, ecnn t n 2003 r. ne
nponsomno nropxenne
3
.
B oenx crpanax cymecrnyer mnoxecrno nosmoxntx ncrounnxon +xono-
mnuecxnx nsepxex, n onennrt nx n nonno mepe tno t upesntuano
rpyno. Bosmoxno, onn yyr ocoenno nennxn n Hpaxe, nocxontxy crpana
nauana necrn nx npn onee ntcoxom yponne pasnnrnx. Bo-nepntx, nmemrcx
norepn uenoneuecxoro xannrana ns-sa cmeprn n yrpart rpyocnoconocrn. B
nccneonannn Hpaxcxo rpynnt nsyuennx cocroxnnx sopontx cemtn or
2008 r. uncno nme, nornmnx n Hpaxe nacnntcrnenno cmeprtm sa nepno

from the GECC project, <http://www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c.338475.en>. B uncno pyrnx
nynnxann, coepxamnx osop nnreparypt, nocnxmenno cronmocrn xon]nnxron, n ocyx-
enne coornercrnymmnx meroonornuecxnx nponem, nxoxr: Skns, E., The costs of armed
conflict, Peace and Security, Expert Papers Series no. 5 (International Task Force on Global Pub-
lic Goods: Stockholm, 2005); n Brauer, J. and Dunne, J. P., On the cost of violence and the bene-
fits of peace, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, vol. 16, no. 2 (2011).
3
Rowat, C., Iraqi GDP since 2003: some simple calculations, International Journal of Con-
temporary Iraqi Studies, vol. 1, no. 2 (2003), pp. 233245.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 173
ncero nnmt c mapra 2003 r. no nmnt 2006 r., onennnaercx n 151 000
4
.
Bo-nroptx, nponsomno napymenne +xonomnuecxo exrentnocrn ns-sa nepe-
memennx nacenennx. C 2003 r. n Hpaxe tnn nepemement cntme 3 mnn ueno-
nex nno n xauecrne exennen, nno nnn, nepememenntx nnyrpn crpant,
xoropte ne nepnynnct omo
5
. B-rpertnx, nona nonnexna sa coo ceptesnoe
paspymenne npaxcxoro xannrana n nn]pacrpyxrypt. Hecmorpx na nnyrpen-
nne n mexynaponte ycnnnx no noccranonnennm, crpana nce eme ncntrt-
naer nepeon n npeocrannennn ocnonntx ycnyr, nanpnmep n cnaxennn
+nexrpnuecrnom. Horpeonanoct necxontxo ner, urot oem otun ne]rn
nepnyncx x cnoemy onoennomy yponnm. Cncrema spanooxpanennx, yxe
cronxnynmaxcx c ceptesntmn rpynocrxmn ns-sa canxnn, eme ontme e-
rpanponana nocne nont
6
. Yponent espaornnt ocraercx ntcoxnm (no
onenxe OOH, 28% n 2011 r.), uro yxastnaer na coxpanxmmymcx esoprannsa-
nnm nopmantno +xonomnuecxo xnsnn
7
. B nenom BBH Hpaxa na ymy nace-
nennx c 2003 r. ntpoc, onaxo +ro nponsomno n snaunrentno crenenn ns-sa
nontmennx nent na ne]rt n macxnpyer nnoxoe cocroxnne en n pyrnx or-
pacnxx
8
.
Ho A]ranncrany ner nnxaxo enno conoxynno onenxn uncna xeprn
cpen rpaxancxoro nacenennx, onaxo n nauane 2012 r. Mnccnx nomomn
OOH n A]ranncrane coomnna o 11 864 cmeprntx cnyuaxx c 2007 r.
9
B 2011 n
A]ranncrane nacunrtnanoct oxono 500 000 nepememenntx nnn. Ho nn]op-
mannn Ynpannennx Bepxonnoro xomnccapnara OOH no enam exennen, c
2002 r. n A]ranncran nosnparnnnct 5.7 mnn exennen, ynennunn uncnennocrt
nacenennx crpant na 25%. Onaxo 40% ns nnx ne nnrerpnponanoct n ome-
crno
10
. Hoxoxe, nnxaxnx nontrox onennrt uncrt +]]exr xon]nnxra na a]-
rancxym +xonomnxy ne npenpnnnmanoct.
Onn ns xonxperntx naopon sarpar npecrannxer coo sarpart na
noccranonnenne n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe, nxnmuax noccranonnenne nx noopy-
xenntx cnn. 3rn sarpart ennnnct mexy camnmn crpanamn n nnemnnmn
cyexramn, ocoenno CBA. Cornacno Ocoomy renepantnomy nncnexropy
CBA no noccranonnennm Hpaxa, c 2003 no 2011 r. na nomomt Hpaxy n ero

4
Iraq Family Health Survey Study Group, Violence-related mortality in Iraq from 2002
2006, New England Journal of Medicine, no. 358 (Jan. 2008), pp. 484493. B onee pannem nccne-
onannn npnnonrcx onenxa, cornacno xoropo n nepno c mapra 2003 r. no nmnt 2006 r. n
Hpaxe ymepno eme 655 000 uenonex. Burnham, G. et al, Mortality after the 2003 invasion of
Iraq, The Lancet, vol. 368, no. 9545 (21 Oct. 2006).
5
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2012 UNHCR country op-
erations profileIraq, <http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e486426.html>. Cm. raxxe: Dewachi, O.,
Insecurity, displacement and public health impacts of the American invasion of Iraq, Costs of
War, 13 June 2011, <http://costsofwar.org/article/refugees-and-health>.
6
Dewachi (cnocxa 5).
7
Yousif, B., The economy of Iraq since 2003: an assessment, Costs of War, 13 June 2011,
<http://costsofwar.org/article/economy-iraq>.
8
Yousif (cnocxa 7).
9
UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and UN Office of the High Commis-
sioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Afghanistan Annual Report 2011: Protection of Civilians in
Armed Conflict (UNAMA/OHCHR: Kabul, Feb. 2012).
10
UNHCR, 2012 UNHCR country operations profileAfghanistan, <http://www.unhcr.org/
pages/49e486eb6.html>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 174
noccranonnenne nocrynnnn 182 mnp onn., n rom uncne 62 mnp onn. ns
CBA, 107 mnp onn. ns npaxcxnx ncrounnxon n 13 mnp onn. ns npounx
crpan
11
. Mexynaponte onopt n nepno c 2008 no 2011 r. npeocrannnn
A]ranncrany nomomt na noccranonnenne n pasmepe 8.1 mnp onn., nxnmuax
2.6 mnp onn. nx cnn no noepxannm esonacnocrn
12
.
nx CBA n ero comsnnxon nsepxxn na nont nxnmuamr mxernte
sarpart npannrentcrn crpan-yuacrnnn n +xonomnuecxne sarpart n onee mn-
poxom cmtcne, xoropte necer omecrno n nenom. Hexoropte o]nnnantnte
annte n nesanncnmte onenxn no +rnm pasnnuntm +nemenram sarpar nmemr-
cx nx crpan, npnnnmammnx camoe axrnnnoe yuacrne n xon]nnxre n A]rann-
crane: CBA, Bennxopnrannn, Iepmannn, Kanat n upannnn (cm. ran. 4.4).
Onaxo, xpome npxmtx sarpar na nponeenne noenntx onepann, annte no
crpanam ne conocrannmt nanpxmym, nocxontxy +rn annte nno orcyrcrny-
mr, nno ocnonant na pasnnuntx onpeenennxx. Hanpnmep, conoxynnte on-
rocpounte sarpart na ocnyxnnanne nerepanon n ntrort nx nnx tnn one-
nent rontxo n CBA n Iepmannn.
Fmxernte sarpart nxnmuamr npxmte ononnnrentnte noennte one-
pannonnte pacxot na neenne oentx ecrnn. Onn xnnxmrcx nanonee
uacro nnrnpyemtmn anntmn o sarparax na neenne non n moryr trt no-
nyuent ns o]nnnantntx ncrounnxon ontmnncrna crpan-yuacrnnn. Kpome
roro, nmemrcx npxmte sarpart pyrnx npannrentcrnenntx neomcrn, nanpn-
mep Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra CBA, na oxasanne nomomn A]ranncra-
ny n Hpaxy n noccranonnennn nx noopyxenntx cnn, n pacxot nnocrpanntx
npannrentcrn na noccranonnenne rpaxancxnx oexron. 3rn annte raxxe
onapoymrcx necxontxnmn npannrentcrnamn.
Onaxo o]nnnantnte annte ne yunrtnamr mnorne pyrne nsepxxn
npannrentcrna n omecrna. Ho orentntm crpanam tnn npenpnnxrt no-
ntrxn onennrt nexoropte +nemenrt +rnx sarpar. B CBA na care 3arpart
na nony n Hnrepnere nynnxymrcx pesyntrart pxa nccneonann, npono-
nmtx n pamxax Hccneonarentcxoro npoexra 3senxay+pa, ocymecrnnxemoro
Ynnnepcnrerom Fpayna
13
. B Iepmannn n crarte, nororonnenno nayuntmn
corpynnxamn Hemenxoro nncrnryra +xonomnuecxnx nccneonann n Fepnn-
ne, coepxnrcx onenxa conoxynno cronmocrn yuacrnx Iepmannn n none n
A]ranncrane
14
. B Kanae Hncrnryr Pno n 2008 r. sannmancx nsyuennem sa-
rpar na nony n A]ranncrane
15
.
ononnnrentnte sarpart na neenne non nxnmuamr px crare n xpar-
xo- n onrocpounom nnane.
Bo-nepntx, moryr nosnnxart ononnnrentnte sarpart na camnx noenntx.
O]nnnantnte annte ne nxnmuamr pacxot na xanonante conaram pasnepny-

11
US Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR), Quarterly Report to the
United States Congress (SIGIR: Arlington, VA, 30 Oct. 2011), p. 18.
12
Afghan Ministry of Finance (MOF), 1390 National Budget (MOF: Kabul, 2011), pp. 1719.
13
Costs of War, <http://www.costsofwar.org>.
14
Brck, T., De Groot, O. J. and Schneider, F., The economic costs of the German participa-
tion in the Afghanistan war, Aug. 2010, Journal of Peace Research, vol. 48, no. 6 (Nov. 2011).
15
Macdonald, D. and Staples, S., The cost of the war and the end of peacekeeping: the impact
of extending the Afghanistan mission, Rideau Institute, Oct. 2008, <http://www.rideauinstitute.
ca/2008/10/18/>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 175
Tannna 4.4. Onenxn nsepaex na neenne nonn n Aqrannc1ane n Hpaxe
nexo1opmx rocyapc1n-yuac1nnxon
annte npnnoxrcx n mnnnnapax onnapon CBA

CmA Bennxo- Iepuannn Kanaa mpannnn
pn1annn

Cronmocrt onepann o 2011 r.
a
1208 42 9.7 9 3.6
Onenounax cronmocrt yymnx 627 13.2 4.2 0 ..
onepann
Boennax n npouax nomomt
b
95 .. 2.2 2.6 ..
ononnnrentnte noennte nsepxxn
c
.. .. 15.8 8 ..
Btnnart nerepanam
d
589934 1.6 1.5 1.6 ..
Hsepxxn ]nnancnponannx
e
1000 .. 10.415 .. ..
Connantnte sarpart na nerepanon
f
295400 .. 1.9 7.6 ..
a
O]nnnantnte annte no cymmam, accnrnonanntm nnn norpauenntm na nponeenne noen-
ntx onepann. Kax npannno, +rn annte ornocxrcx rontxo x npxmtm, oycnonnenntm nonamn
ononnnrentntm sarparam, n, nanpnmep, ne nxnmuamr pacxot na ntnnary xanonantx
noennocnyxamnm pasmemenntx xonrnnrenron.
b
Homomt na noccranonnenne a]rancxnx n npaxcxnx cnn esonacnocrn n noccranonnenne
rpaxancxnx oexron. Ho CBA npnnoxrcx annte o 2013 ]nn. r. Ho Kanae npnnoxrcx
annte o 2011 r. Ho Iepmannn annte xnnxmrcx onenountmn o 2016 r.
c
Ho Iepmannn annte ornocxrcx x pacxoam na xanonante noennocnyxamnx ononnnrentno
pasnepnyrtx nocx, neoxonmtx nx nponeennx onepann, amoprnsannn rexnnxn n sarparam na
emonnnsannm.
d
nx CBA +rn annte xnnxmrcx onenxamn pacxoon na noxnsnennoe mennnncxoe ocny-
xnnanne n ntnnary nocon no nnnannnocrn nerepanam-nnnannam, xoropte necer Mnnncrepcr-
no CBA no enam nerepanon. nx pyrnx crpan onn ornocxrcx rontxo x npxmtm xomnencannon-
ntm ntnnaram nerepanam n nx Iepmannn x ntnnaram nonam n nonnam.
e
3rn annte oxnartnamr ononnnrentnte nponenrnte nnarexn no nannonantnomy onry,
opasonanmemycx n cnxsn c pacxoamn na neenne nont.
f
3rn annte ornocxrcx x xomnencannn yrpart oxoon n cnoconocrn x neennm npoyxrnn-
no exrentnocrn, a raxxe x pacxoam na mennnncxoe ocnyxnnanne, xoropte ne noxptnamrcx
nanpxmym noenntm neomcrnom nnn Mnnncrepcrnom CBA no enam nerepanon.
Hcmo:uuru: CLA: Belasco, A., The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror
Operations since 9/11, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress RL33110 (US Con-
gress, CRS: Washington, DC, 29 Mar. 2011); US Government budget for financial year 2013; Bilmes, L. J.,
Current and projected future costs of caring for veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, Costs of
War, 13 June 2011, <http://costsofwar.org/article/caring-us-veterans>; n Edwards, R., Post-9/11 war
spending, debt, and the macroeconomy, Costs of War, 22 June 2011, <http:// costsofwar.org/article/
macroeconomic-impact-military-spending>. Be.uroopumauu: Berman, G., The cost of international
military operations, British House of Commons, Standard Note SN/SG/ 3139, 26 Sep. 2011, <http://
www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN03139>; British House of Commons, Defence Committee, Min-
istry of Defence Main Estimates 201112, Fifth Report of Session 201012 (The Stationery Office:
London, 19 July 2011); n Docksey, L., Lest we forget the true cost of war: the plight of Britains war
veterans, Global Research, 9 Nov. 2011, <http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php.context=va&aid=
27554>. Kauaoa: Canadian Government, Cost of the Afghanistan mission 20012011, Canadas En-
gagement in Afghanistan, 27 June 2011, <http://www.afghanistan.gc.ca/canada-afghanistan/news-nouvelles/
2010/2010_07_09.aspx>; n Macdonald, D. and Staples, S., The cost of the war and the end of peace-
keeping: the impact of extending the Afghanistan mission, Rideau Institute, Oct. 2008, <http://www.
rideauinstitute. ca/2008/10/18/>. Iep+auu: Brck, T., De Groot, O. J. and Schneider, F., The eco-
nomic costs of the German participation in the Afghanistan war, Aug. 2010, Journal of Peace Re-
search, vol. 48, no. 6 (Nov. 2011). 4pauu: Hbert, J. P., Le coup des OPEX Franaises [The cost of
French OPEX], Ars XXIII-2, no. 60 (Dec. 2008); n French Senate, Finance Committee, Rapport G-
nral sur le project de loi de finances pour 2012, vol. 3, annex 8, Dfense [General report on the Fi-
nance Bill for 2012, vol. 3, annex 8, defence] (French Senate: Paris, 6 Feb. 2012), pp. 3338.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 176
rtx xonrnnrenron. Onaxo nexoropte anannrnxn yrnepxamr, uro +rn pacxo-
t roxe cneyer yunrtnart, no xpane mepe, n rex cnyuaxx, xora noennte
nyxt npnnenn x ynennuennm uncnennocrn noopyxenntx cnn nnn nomemann
ee coxpamennm. Eme onnmn norennnantntmn onrocpountmn sarparamn na
noenntx xnnxmrcx sarpart na npnneenne noenno rexnnxn n crpyxrypt
noopyxenntx cnn nocne non n ncxonoe cocroxnne (r. e. na neperpynnnpon-
xy) nnn na sameny nttnme rexnnxn. B xanacxom n nemenxom nccneona-
nnxx sarpart na xanonante n na npnneenne n ncxonoe cocroxnne yunrtna-
mrcx. B nemenxom nccneonannn raxxe onennnamrcx yymne sarpart na
emonnnsannm.
Bo-nroptx, cymecrnymr onrocpounte sarpart na mennnncxoe ocny-
xnnanne nerepanon non n ntnnary nm nocon no nnnannnocrn. Boome
o]nnnantnte onenxn +rnx sarpar orcyrcrnymr, onaxo no nexoroptm crpa-
nam tnn cenant nesanncnmte onenxn. B uacrnocrn, Hnna Fnnmc onennna
yymne sarpart Mnnncrepcrna no enam nerepanon CBA, xnnxmmnecx
cnecrnnem +rnx non
16
. 3rn annte ne ornnuamrcx rounocrtm, nocxontxy
onn sanncxr or yymnx pasmepon ntror, nn]nxnnn, crenenn yxymennx co-
croxnnx sopontx nnnannon nont n or camoro neonpeenennoro ]axropa
cpen ncex npounx roro, cxontxo eme nerepanon cranyr nnnannamn n y-
ymem. Btcoxne npornosnpyemte sarpart na ocnyxnnanne nerepanon oy-
cnonnent ontmo one conar, nosnpamammnxcx c non nnnannamn
ncnecrnne ncnxnuecxnx n ]nsnuecxnx paccrpocrn, uro uacrnuno xnnxercx
pesyntrarom onee ntcoxoro yponnx ntxnnaemocrn nocne panenn no cpan-
nennm c npetymnmn nonamn n nontmennx yponnx narnocrnxn ncnxono-
rnuecxnx rpanm
17
. Ho pyrnm crpanam nanonee ocrynnte onenxn ornocxrcx
npexe ncero x npxmtm xomnencannonntm ntnnaram rxxenopanentm cona-
ram. B enponecxnx crpanax pacxot no onrocpounomy mennnncxomy o-
cnyxnnannm nerepanon yyr necrn otunte cncremt rocyapcrnennoro
spanooxpanennx, a ne cnennantno npenasnauennax nx nerepanon cncrema,
xax +ro nmeer mecro n CBA.
B-rpertnx, cymecrnymr ononnnrentnte nponenrnte nnarexn no rocy-
apcrnennomy onry, nosnnxmemy ncnecrnne ]nnancnponannx pacxoon na
nony. Hx pasmep sanncnr or nponenrntx cranox n yymem n, cneonarent-
no, n nexoropo crenenn neonpeenenen. nx CBA nont n A]ranncrane n
Hpaxe crann neotuntmn no cpannennm c npetymnmn nonamn, nocxont-
xy onn ]nnancnponannct nonnocrtm sa cuer sanmcrnonann, a ne sa cuer xom-
nnannn sanmcrnonann n ononnnrentnoro nanoroonoxennx, xax npexe
18
.
3xonomnuecxne nsepxxn non n onee mnpoxom cmtcne, xoropte ne-
cyr cxopee ]nsnuecxne nnna n npenpnxrnx, nexenn npannrentcrno, onennrt
eme cnoxnee, n +ror nonpoc orxptr nx ocyxennx. Hanonee ouennntm
xnnxercx yrpara oxoon n cnoconocrn x neennm npoyxrnnno exrentno-
crn ns-sa cmeprn nnn panennx conar n nonax. B 2008 r. xose] Crnrnnn n
Hnna Fnnmc npenonoxnnn, uro ncnecrnne nont n Hpaxe nosnnxnyr rax-

16
Bilmes, L. J., Current and projected future costs of caring for veterans of the Afghanistan
and Iraq wars, Costs of War, 13 June 2011, <http://costsofwar.org/article/caring-us-veterans>.
17
Bilmes (cnocxa 16), p. 5.
18
Perlo-Freeman, S. et al., Military expenditure, SIPRI Yearbook 2009, pp. 184190.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 177
xe snaunrentnte +xonomnuecxne nsepxxn, oycnonnennte nontmennem nen
na ne]rt
19
. Onaxo n 2011 r. Paan 3napc ntxnnn nourn nonnoe orcyrcrnne
npnsnaxon uero-nno noonoro, sa ncxnmuennem xparxocpounoro ncnnecxa
mnpontx nen na ne]rt n pesyntrare nont. 3napc raxxe onapyxnn cme-
mannt pesyntrar maxpo+xonomnuecxoro nosecrnnx non na yponnn BBH n
nenom, nocxontxy +]]exry nanorono crnmynxnnn npornnocroxr onee ntco-
xne nponenrnte cranxn (ns-sa onee ntcoxoro rocyapcrnennoro onra), uro
coxpamaer cpecrna, ocrynnte nx xannranonnoxenn. Ocnontnaxct na
+ro rouxe spennx, uncroe maxpo+xonomnuecxoe nosecrnne non na CBA
moxer trt neontmnm
20
.


19
Stiglitz, J. E. and Bilmes, L. J., The Three Trillion Dollar War (W.W. Norton & Company:
New York, 2008).
20
Edwards, R., Post-9/11 war spending, debt, and the macroeconomy, Costs of War, 22 June
2011, <http://costsofwar.org/article/macroeconomic-impact-military-spending>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 178
III. BOEHHIE PACXOI COEHHEHHIX BTATOB
H FRETHIH KPH3HC 2011 r.

3nnsaer BHC n C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH

e]nnnr mxera Coennenntx Braron pesxo nspoc nocne mnponoro
]nnanconoro xpnsnca n 2008 r., ncnecrnne uero no nonpocy o rom, xax cnpa-
nnrtcx c ]nnancontm xpnsncom, paspasnncx nonnrnuecxn xpnsnc, xoropt
oxasan snaunrentnoe nosecrnne na ocyxenne noenntx pacxoon CBA n
2011 r. Hocne ecxrnnernx crpemnrentnoro pocra noenntx pacxoon eart,
ocoenno n Konrpecce CBA, cmecrnnnct n cropony coxpamennx noenntx
pacxoon. B xonne nmnx 2011 r. tno ocrnrnyro cornamenne no saxonoa-
rentcrny o coxpamennn rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon n reuenne cneymmnx 10
ner, xoropoe raxxe oxaxer nosecrnne na noennte pacxot CBA n yymem
(ecnn saxonoarentcrno ne yer ormeneno n nocneymmne rot).
3a 11 ner, npomemnx nocne cenrxpx 2001 r., ]eepantnte pacxot
CBA (r. e. pacxot npannrentcrna CBA) na nannonantnym oopony ynenn-
unnnct na 84% n peantnom ntpaxennn
1
. 3ror pesxn npnpocr noenntx pac-
xoon, nnxnmt, npexe ncero, nonamn n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe (cm. pas-
en II ntme), nonxn yponent noenntx pacxoon n nne onn or nanonoro
nnyrpennero npoyxra (BBH) c 3.0 o 4.7%, a n nne onn n conoxynntx pac-
xoax c 16.4 o 20.1% (cm. ran. 4.5). Fontme ncero nospocnn pacxot na
noennoe crponrentcrno, +xcnnyarannm n ocnyxnnanne n saxynxn.
B ]enpane 2011 r. amnnncrpannx npesnenra CBA Fapaxa Oamt
npecrannna sanpoc na ooponnt mxer na 2012 ]nn. r. n pasmepe
671 mnp onn. mxerntx nonnomoun (r. e. paspemennx rparnrt) mnnn-
crepcrna oopont, ns xoroptx 553 mnp onn. cocrannxnn ocnonno mxer,
a 118 mnp onn. npenasnauannct nx sarpannuntx nenpennenntx onepa-
nn, r. e. nx neennx non n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe
2
. onx cpecrn na sarpa-
nnunte nenpennennte onepannn oxasanact na 41.5 mnp onn. mentme no
cpannennm c sanpocom na 2011 ]nn. r., uro orpaxano sannannponannt nt-
no nocx ns Hpaxa n reuenne roa. Onaxo +ror mxer ouent cxopo ycrapen
ns-sa nonnrnuecxnx npornnopeun no nonpocy rocyapcrnenntx ]nnancon.
Kora n exape 2011 r. 3axon o yrnepxennn accnrnonann na nannonant-
nym oopony na 2012 ]nn. r., naxonen, tn npnnxr, na ocnonno mxer t-
no nteneno 531 mnp onn. na 22 mnp onn. mentme no cpannennm c nep-
nonauantntm sanpocom n na 49 mnp onn. mentme no cpannennm c mxerom
na 2011 ]nn. r. Fmxer sarpannuntx nenpennenntx onepann cocrannn
117 mnp onn. nourn ncm sarpeonannym cymmy
3
.


1
annte CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam CBA nxnmuamr n pacxot na nannonantnym
oopony pacxot Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra na nnocrpannym noennym nomomt.
2
Fmxer na 2012 ]nn. r. oxnartnaer nepno c 1 oxrxpx 2011 r. no 30 cenrxpx 2012 r.
US Department of Defense (DOD), DOD releases fiscal 2012 budget proposal, News release, 14
Feb. 2011, <http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14263>.
3
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, US Public Law no. 112-81, signed
into law 31 Dec. 2011, <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:h.r.01540:>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 179
Tannna 4.5. Pacxom CmA na unnnc1epc1no ooponm n nannonantnym oopony
n nenou n 2001, 2005, 2007, 2009 n 20112013 qnn. rr.
annte npnnoxrcx n mnnnnapax onnapon CBA n rexymnx nenax sa ]nnanconte rot
(naunnammnecx 1 oxrxpx roa, npemecrnymmero yxasannomy).
2001 2005 2007 2009 2011 2012
a
2013
a
MO, noennte pacxot 290.2 474.1 528.5 636.7 678.1 688.3 672.9
Boennt nepconan 74.0 127.5 127.5 147.4 161.6 156.2 155.9
3nO 112.0 188.1 216.6 259.3 291.0 294.5 294.2
3axynxn 55.0 82.3 99.6 129.2 128.0 139.9 124.6
HHOKPTnO 40.5 65.7 73.1 79.0 74.9 75.9 71.8
Hpoune noennte pacxot MO
b
8.8 10.5 11.6 21.8 22.5 21.8 26.5
Aromnax +neprernxa, pacxot 12.9 18.0 17.1 17.6 20.4 19.8 20.7
na oopony
Hpoune noennte pacxot 1.6 3.2 5.7 6.8 7.2 8.3 8.2
H1oro pacxoon na 304.7 495.3 551.3 661.0 705.6 716.3 701.8
nannonantnym oopony
Pacxot n nocroxnntx nenax 363.0 495.3 509.2 588.2 612.0 610.9 587.9
2005 ]nn. r.
Pacxot xax onx n BBH (n %) 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.3
Pacxot xax onx n conoxynntx 16.4 20.0 20.2 18.8 19.6 18.9 18.5
rocyapcrnenntx pacxoax (n %)
MO = mnnncrepcrno oopont; ]nn. r. = ]nnancont ro; BBH = nanono nnyrpennn
npoyxr; 3nO = +xcnnyarannx n ocnyxnnanne; HHOKPTnO = nayuno-nccneonarentcxne n
ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxne paspaorxn, recrnponanne n onenxa.
Hpu+e:auue: n coornercrnnn c onpeenennem CHHPH noenntx pacxoon annte CHHPH
no conoxynntm noenntm pacxoam CBA nxnmuamr, nomnmo npnneenntx sect anntx,
nnocrpannym noennym nomomt, npeocrannxemym Iocyapcrnenntm enapramenrom CBA.
a
annte sa 2012 n 2013 rr. xnnxmrcx onenxamn.
b
Hpoune pacxot nxnmuamr crartn pacxoon Cnyxt ynpannennx n mxera na
noennoe crponrentcrno, oecneuenne xnntem ceme noennocnyxamnx n npouee.
Hcmo:uur: US Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2012: Historical Tables (Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2012), pp.
6874, 137138.

B reuenne 2010 n 2011 rr. amnnncrpannx Oamt nonepranact napac-
rammemy annennm co cropont nonnrnuecxo onnosnnnn, Pecnynnxancxo
naprnn, rpeymme coxparnrt exeronte e]nnnrt rocyapcrnennoro m-
xera. Hpn mxernom e]nnnre, onennnaemom n 2011 ]nn. r. n cymmy onee
1.6 rpnn onn., n saonxennocrn ]eepantnoro npannrentcrna, onennnaemo
n 2011 r. n cymmy, npentmammym 100% or BBH, Pecnynnxancxax naprnx
norpeonana pesxoro coxpamennx pacxoon, orneprax npn +rom nmte npe-
noxennx o ynennuennn oxoon (nanpnmep, sa cuer orment cnnxennx nexo-
roptx nanoron, nneennoro npetyme amnnncrpanne). Hpenoxennx
amnnncrpannn Oamt ymentmnrt e]nnnr na 1.1 rpnn onn. n reuenne no-
cneymmnx 10 ner nyrem coxpamennx pacxoon, no npn nameuennom ynenn-
uennn pacxoon n raxnx cnenn]nuecxnx onacrxx, xax opasonanne n oxpana
oxpyxamme cpet, tnn orxnonent onnosnnne.
Haxonen, 31 nmnx 2011 r. tno ocrnrnyro xomnpomnccnoe cornamenne,
n coornercrnnn c xoroptm, c ono cropont, ynennunnancx t noronox rocy-
apcrnennoro onra n rem camtm npeornpamancx t e]onr npannrentcr-
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 180
na CBA n, c pyro cropont, coxpamancx t pocr rocyapcrnennoro onra.
B pesyntrare noxnnncx nonncannt n ncrynnnmn n cnny 2 anrycra 2011 r.
3axon o xonrpone sa mxerom, xoropt ycranonnn noronxn pacxoon, uro n
reuenne 10-nernero nepnoa c 2012 no 2021 r. npnneer x nx conoxynnomy
coxpamennm na 917 mnp onn. no cpannennm c npenapnrentno sannannpo-
nanntmn pacxoamn, n rom uncne coxpamennm noenntx pacxoon na
450 mnp onn.
4
3axon raxxe npeycmarpnnan cosanne nyxnaprnnoro O-
ennennoro cnennantnoro xomnrera no coxpamennm e]nnnra (Cynepxomn-
rera), saaue xoroporo xnnxercx noncx nyre nx antnemero coxpamennx
e]nnnra na 1.21.5 rpnn onn. n reuenne roro xe nepnoa. Onaxo necno-
conocrt xomnrera npnrn x cornamennm ne nosnee 23 noxpx 2011 r. npn-
nena n ecrnne crartm saxona, npeycmarpnnammym anromarnuecxoe coxpa-
menne pacxoon (rax nastnaemt cexnecrp). 3rn anromarnuecxne coxpame-
nnx, xoropte naunyrcx 2 xnnapx 2013 r. n n reuenne 10 ner cocranxr n
conoxynnocrn 1.2 rpnn onn., onxnt pannomepno pacnpeenxrtcx mexy
noenntmn n nenoenntmn pacxoamn. Teopernuecxn Konrpecc moxer nsme-
nnrt 3axon, n nexoropte cenaropt n unent nanart npecrannrene ncxope
nauann npenpnnnmart nontrxn samnrnrt ooponnt mxer or cexnecrpa,
xorx npesnenr Oama saxnnn, uro nanoxnr nero na nmym nontrxy orme-
nnrt anromarnuecxoe coxpamenne pacxoon
5
.
Ananns neoxonmocrn n nocnecrnn coxpamennx ooponnoro mxera,
oycnonnennoro, npexe ncero, +xonomnuecxnmn coopaxennxmn, mnpoxo
naptnponancx. B ro npemx xax nexoropte nnenn n coxpamennxx ceptesnoe or-
pannunrentnoe nosecrnne na noennt norennnan CBA, pyrne nonarann,
uro coxpamenne ne saer cnnmxom anexo, npnnnmax no nnnmanne neoxon-
mocrt oecneuennx nannonantno esonacnocrn CBA n oxonuanne non n
A]ranncrane n Hpaxe
6
. Iopon Aamc, tnmn crapmn npecrannrent Feno-
ro oma no mxeram nannonantno esonacnocrn (19931997 rr.), npenono-
xnn, uro sannannponannte ooponnte mxert na nepno 20122021 rr. mo-
ryr trt coxpament na 15%, uro nosnonnr mxery c+xonomnrt 1 rpnn onn.,
no nce xe coxpannrt nensmenntm rnoantno oneparnnnt, rocnocrnymmn
noennt norennnan
7
. na npnmepa npenoxenntx Aamcom cnocoon nx
ocrnxennx +roro ynontnenne 92 000 noennocnyxamnx, npnnneuenntx na
cnyxy sa nocnenne 10 ner ns-sa non n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe, n coxpame-
nne npncyrcrnnx cyxonyrntx noopyxenntx cnn CBA n Enpone n Asnn.

4
Budget Control Act of 2011, US Public Law no. 112-25, signed into law 2 Aug. 2011, <http://
thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:SN00365:>.
5
Obama pledges to veto effort to undo automatic spending cuts, CBS News, 21 Nov. 2011,
<http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57329146-503544/>.
6
Weisgerber, M., Panetta: cuts more than $350b would be dangerous, Defense News, 4 Aug.
2011. Cm. raxxe: Berteau, D. J. and Crotty, R., Super Committee fallout and the implications for
defense, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 2 Dec. 2011, <http://csis.
org/publication/super-committee-fallout-and-implications-defense>.
7
Adams, G., Six ways to save, New York Times, 9 May 2011. Cm. raxxe, nanpnmep: Drey-
fuss, R., Panettas sacred hippopotamus, The Nation blog, 3 Jan. 2012, <http://www.thenation.
com/blog/165411/panettas-sacred-hippopotamus>; Taubman, P., No need for all these nukes,
New York Times, 7 Jan. 2012; n Rumbaugh, R., Obamas defense cuts are too timid, CNN, 6 Jan.
2012, <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/06/opinion/rumbaugh-defense-cutbacks/>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 181
B nenrpe earon oxasancx nonpoc o rom, xax npncnoconrt noopyxen-
nte cnnt CBA x oxonuannm non n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe: cneyer nn nx
coxpamart o pasmepon, xoropte onn nmenn o +rnx non, nnn ner. Hponecc
nepemen onxen tn nauartcx c nepecmorpa crparernn nannonantno eso-
nacnocrn n oopont, n 5 xnnapx 2012 r. Fent om n mnnncrepcrno oopont
conmecrno npecrannnn Ooponnym crparernuecxym oxrpnny
8
. Ee saxnnen-
nax nent saxnmuanact n onpeenennn amepnxancxnx crparernuecxnx nnrepe-
con n ooponntx npnopnreron n pacxoon na ecxrnnerne c 2012 no 2021 r.
na ]one nepexoa or nont x mnpy n xpnsnca rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon,
rpeymmero nepe]opmnponannx noopyxenntx cnn.
B oxrpnne nepeuncnent nepnoouepente saaun noopyxenntx cnn
CBA, nx pemennx xoroptx ononnnrentnte nnnecrnnnn cunramrcx neo-
xonmtmn. 3rn saaun nxnmuamr opty c reppopnsmom n neenne nenpe-
nnenntx oentx ecrnn; cepxnnanne n oopony (n rom uncne oecneue-
nne nosmoxnocrn nocnpenxrcrnonart ocrnxennm nene arpeccopa n onom
pernone, axe yyun sanxromy n xpynnomacmrano onepannn n pyrom pe-
rnone); noepxanne norennnana npoennponannx noenno momn n ]opme
acnmmerpnuntx norennnanon npoe rex, uro ncnontsymr Knra n Hpan; n
noepxanne nepeonoro n +]]exrnnnoro oneparnnnoro norennnana n xn-
epnpocrpancrne n xocmoce. C pyro cropont, oxrpnna npeycmarpnnaer
coxpamenne otuntx cyxonyrntx nocx CBA n ocnonntx cncrem, paspao-
ranntx n rot xonono nont
9
.
B oxrpnne coepxnrcx npnstn x ycnnennm noennoro npncyrcrnnx n
Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxom pernone n orner na ynennunnammymcx momt Knrax,
naprnepcrny c Hnne n noepxannm mnpa na Kopecxom nonyocrpone.
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox nenrn]nnnpyercx xax eme onn npnopnrernt
pernon, re amepnxancxne ooponnrentnte ycnnnx yyr nanpannent na
npornnoecrnne panxantntm +xcrpemncram n ecrannnsnpymmnm yrpo-
sam n re pacnpocrpanenne annncrnuecxnx paxer n opyxnx macconoro no-
paxennx paccmarpnnanoct xax npemer ocoo osaouennocrn CBA
10
.
Xorx n oxrpnne ne coepxnrcx nn]opmannn o renennnxx nnamnxn
noenntx pacxoon n yymem, npesnenr Oama nouepxnyn, uro axe ecnn
pocr ooponnoro mxera n nocneymmne 10 ner samennrcx, mxer yer
no-npexnemy pacrn, noromy uro mt necem rnoantnym ornercrnennocrt, xo-
ropax rpeyer namero nnepcrna
11
. Oparnnmnct x npomnomy amepnxancxo-
my ontry, on oannn: Mt ne moxem nosnonnrt cee nonropxrt omnxn,
xoropte tnn cenant n npomnom nocne Bropo mnpono nont, nocne
Bternama xora namn noennte tnn nnoxo nororonnent x yymemy...
ne onymy nonropennx +roro
12
.

8
US Department of Defense (DOD), Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st
Century Defense (DOD: Washington, DC, Jan. 2012).
9
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 8), pp. 45.
10
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 8), p. 2.
11
White House, Remarks by the President on the Defense Strategic Review, 5 Jan. 2012,
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/01/05/remarks-president-defense-strategic-
review>.
12
White House (cnocxa 11).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 182
Onn ns ypoxon coxpamennx uncnennocrn noopyxenntx cnn CBA no-
cne oxonuannx xonono nont, na xoropt yxastnann nesanncnmte anann-
rnxn, cocroxn n rom, uro onrocpount ooponnrentnt nnan n rom, uro
xacanoct crpyxrypt noopyxenntx cnn n nporpamm saxynox, ne tn cnnxen
n raxo xe crenenn, xax ]nnancont nnan (r. e. noennte pacxot). 3ro npn-
neno x necoornercrnnm mexy ]nnancontmn oxsarentcrnamn n mxernt-
mn nnanamn. B xoneunom cuere, +ro necoornercrnne paspemnnoct nnmt n pe-
syntrare ontmnx ynennuenn mxera nocne 2001 r.
13
Ecnn ocnonnte npo-
rpammt saxynox ne yyr coxpament, nnont noxnnxercx pncx nosnnxnonennx
ananornunoro necoornercrnnx, xoropoe craner oxastnart nce nospacrammee
annenne na ooponnt mxer n yymem
14
.
Bnnxnne 3axona o xonrpone sa mxerom namno cnoe orpaxenne no
nxnmuennom n mxernt sanpoc na 2013 ]nn. r. nnane, xoropt coxparnncx
no cpannennm c npexnnmn nnanamn na 259 mnp onn. sa 5-nernn nepno
20132017 ]nn. rr. n na 487 mnp onn. sa 10-nernn nepno 20122021 rr.
15

Onaxo mxer na 2013 ]nn. r. ne yuen nosmoxnoe antnemee coxpamenne
na 600 mnp onn. n pesyntrare cexnecrpa. Ono craner rnanntm nonpocom e-
aron o ooponnom mxere CBA n n nocneymmne rot.


13
Cm., nanpnmep: Gold, D., US military expenditure and the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Re-
view, SIPRI Yearbook 2002, pp. 309322.
14
O nnanax yymnx saxynox cm. pasen I rnant 5 nacroxmero nsannx.
15
US Department of Defense, DOD releases fiscal 2013 budget proposal, Press Release
no. 098-12, 13 Feb. 2012, <http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=15056>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 183
IV. BOEHHIE PACXOI B AuPHKE

Onanane HCMAHH n C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH

Ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon n A]pnxe n 2011 r. tno camtm ontmnm
cpen ncex pernonon, na 8.6% n peantnom ntpaxennn, ocrnrnyn, cornacno
onenxam, 34.6 mnp onn. 3a nepno 20022011 rr. a]pnxancxne noennte pac-
xot ynennunnnct na 65%. Pernonantnt npnpocr n 2011 r. nourn rouno
connan c npnpocrom n crpane c nanonee ntcoxnmn noenntmn pacxoamn pe-
rnona Anxnpe. Ero noennte pacxot nospocnn na 44% n ocrnrnn 8.7 mnp
onn. Kaprnna n ocrantno uacrn A]pnxn tna npornnopeunno: noennte
pacxot pyrnx 10 a]pnxancxnx crpan ynennunnnct nnn ymentmnnnct onee
uem na 10% n peantnom ntpaxennn (cm. ran. 4.3 n 4.9). Conoxynnte noennte
pacxot A]pnxn mxnee Caxapt n 2011 r., cornacno onenxe, ne nsmennnnct.
uaxropamn, noranxnnammnmn noennte pacxot n A]pnxe x pocry, xn-
nxmrcx rpaxancxne xon]nnxrt, pernonantnte amnnnn, +xonomnuecxn pocr
n nontmenne ne]rxntx oxoon. B nexoroptx uacrxx xonrnnenra nospocna
yrposa reppopncrnuecxo exrentnocrn ncnamncrcxnx rpynnnponox, uro nt-
stnaer snaunrentnt nnrepec co cropont nnemnnx ]nrypanron, ocoenno Co-
ennenntx Braron. Hanonee snaunmte n +rom ornomennn rpynnnponxn
Xapaxar Ant-Baa Ant-Myxaxnnn (Monoexnoe nnxenne Myxa-
xnnn, nnn Ant-Baa) n Comann, xoropax raxxe conepmana nanaennx n
Kennn n Yrane; Ant-Kana n ncnamcxom Marpne, ecrnymmax n Anxn-
pe, Mann, Manpnrannn, Hnrepe n Tynnce; n Foxo Xapam n Hnrepnn
1
. Fopt-
a c reppopnsmom, neymaxcx n orner na ecrnnx ncex +rnx rpynnnponox, n
ocnonnom nosrnannxercx noopyxenntmn cnnamn. Onaxo n ontmnncrne cny-
uaen nexcno, xnnxercx nn +ro ecnoxocrno no nonoy reppopncrnuecxo ex-
rentnocrn cymecrnenntm ]axropom pocra noenntx pacxoon. B ecrnn-
rentnocrn, cocenne crpant, n nanontme crenenn nonneuennte n xon]nnxr
n Comann 3]nonnx, Kennx n Yrana n nocnenne rot ]axrnuecxn coxpa-
rnnn cnon o]nnnantnte ooponnte mxert
2
.


Heq1t n opta c 1eppopnsuou n Ananpe

Anxnp ynennunnan noennte pacxot nourn nenpeptnno n reuenne nyx
ecxrnnern, no npnpocr na 44% n 2011 r., n rom uncne ynennuenne na 22%

1
O xon]nnxre n Comann n paone A]pnxancxoro Pora cm. pasen II rnant 2 nacroxmero
nsannx.
2
Yrana n 2011 r. ocymecrnnna necxontxo xpynntx saxynox noopyxenn, uacrt xoroptx
tna onnauena nenocpecrnenno ne]rtm. Hexoropte nnarexn n cuer onnart nmnoprnpyemtx
noopyxenn nponsnonnnct ns ononnnrentntx mxeron, npnnxrtx es npenapnrentnoro
napnamenrcxoro oopennx, n nexcno, nxoxr nn onn n onynnxonannt mxer n annte o
pacxoax. Uganda receives more SU-30s, Defence Web, 20 Oct. 2011, <http://www. defence-
web.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20271&catid=74&Itemid=30>.
Cm. raxxe: Wezeman, P. D., Wezeman, S. T. and Braud-Sudreau, L., Arms Flows to Sub-
Saharan Africa, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 30 (SIPRI: Stockholm, Dec. 2011), pp. 2223.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 184
ooponnoro mxera n cepenne roa, osnauaer pesxoe ycxopenne +ro ren-
ennnn, n, nepoxrno, Anxnp ocranercx crpano, pemx noenntx pacxoon n
xoropo xnnxercx onnm ns camtx rxxentx n A]pnxe. Ynennuenne noenntx
pacxoon Anxnpa n nocnenne rot nonnrtnanoct pacrymnmn ne]rxntmn
oxoamn, npnuem n 2011 r. na ne]rt n ras npnxonnoct 70% rocyapcrnen-
ntx oxoon
3
. Xorx otua ne]rn n Anxnpe c 2008 r. necxontxo cnnsnnact,
+ro ne ocranonnno pocr noenntx pacxoon
4
.
exrentnocrt Ant-Kant n ncnamcxom Marpne xax n Anxnpe, rax n
n onee mnpoxom pernone Caxenx, xnnxercx npxmtm ntsonom esonacnocrn
Anxnpa. uncno reppopncrnuecxnx nanaenn n Anxnpe ynennunnoct c 20 n
2001 r. o 120 n 2006 r. n 185 n 2009 r. Hoxoxe, +ra renennnx coxpannnact n
n 2011 r. C nmnx no anrycr 2011 r. Ant-Kana n ncnamcxom Marpne co-
nepmnna ne menee 32 nanaenn na anxnpcxne cnnt esonacnocrn. Kax cne-
crnne, pacmnpnnnct xonrpreppopncrnuecxne onepannn noopyxenntx cnn
Anxnpa n cocennx crpan, nanpnmep, Manpnrannn
5
. Pearnponanne na ecr-
nnx reppopncron no nce ontme crenenn npnoperaer pernonantnoe nsmepe-
nne, nocxontxy crpant Caxenx nanannn nonym mnorocroponnmm noennym
nororonxy n corpynnuecrno, cosann antxnct n npononnn conmecrnte
xonrpreppopncrnuecxne onepannn. Hanpnmep, n 2010 r. Anxnp, Mann, Man-
pnrannx n Hnrep cosann conmecrnt xomannt nenrp nx xoopnnannn n
nponeennx conmecrntx noenntx xonrpreppopncrnuecxnx onepann no nce-
my Caxenm
6
. Bnemnne ]nrypanrt raxxe nonneuent n opty c reppopnsmom.
Hanpnmep, ]nnancnpyemoe CBA Tpanccaxapcxoe xonrpreppopncrnuecxoe
naprnepcrno, yuacrnnxom xoroporo xnnxercx Anxnp, oecneunnaer nororon-
xy noennocnyxamnx n ocymecrnnxer nnym noepxxy xonrpreppopncrnue-
cxnx ecrnn n Caxene n Marpne
7
.
Tem ne menee comnnrentno, uro reppopnsm xnnxercx rnanntm nnrare-
nem pocra noenntx pacxoon Anxnpa. B uacrnocrn, ynennuenne n cepenne
2011 r. noenntx pacxoon, noxoxe, tno cnxsano c osaouennocrtm ns-sa
xon]nnxra n cocene Hnnnn, n orner na xoropt Anxnp cosan nonte noen-

3
Alternative Energy Africa, Algeria looks to wean its oil revenue dependency, 24 Aug.
2011, <http://ae-africa.com/read_article.php?NID=3212>.
4
US Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Algeria, 8 Mar. 2012,
<http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=AG&trk=p1>.
5
Larmont, R. R., Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb: terrorism and counterterrorism in the
Sahel, African Security, vol. 4, no. 4 (2011), pp. 242268; Leigh, K., North Africas Sahel: the
next terrorism hot spot?, Time, 12 Sep. 2011; US Department of State, Office of the Coordinator
for Counterterrorism, Country Reports on Terrorism 2010 (US Department of State: Washington,
DC, 2011), p. 20; n Renard, T., Terrorism and other Transnational Threats in the Sahel: What
Role for the EU?, Policy Brief (Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation: Washington, DC,
Sep. 2010), p. 2.
6
Hanpnmep, n xnnape 2012 r. anxnpcxne noopyxennte cnnt nomnn n Mann n nomornn ma-
nncxnm nocxam, cpaxanmnmcx c orenennxmn "Ant-Kant" n ncnamcxom Marpne na cenepe
Mann, rpancnoprno-ecanrntmn neproneramn, ononnnrentno orneno momtm n nntm mare-
pnantno-rexnnuecxnm oecneuennem. Keenan, J., A new crisis in the Sahel, Al Jazeera, 3 Jan.
2012, <http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/01/20121274447237703.html>.
7
Yuacrnnxamn Tpanccaxapcxoro xonrpreppopncrnuecxoro naprnepcrna xnnxmrcx Anxnp,
ua, Mann, Manpnrannx, Mapoxxo, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Ceneran n Tynnc. US Africa Command,
The Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership, <http://www.africom.mil/tsctp.asp>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 185
nte ast oxono rpannnt
8
. Kpome roro, xorx Anxnp nauan ocymecrnnxrt
macmranym nporpammy nepenoopyxennx, sannmax n nepno 20072011 rr.
cetmoe mecro n mnpe cpen nmnoprepon ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopy-
xenn, ontmax uacrt saxynaemo rexnnxn, ocoenno rnannte noenno-
mopcxne n noenno-nosymnte cncremt, ne nmeer ornomennx x opte c rep-
popnsmom
9
. Taxnm opasom, onee snaunmtmn ]axropamn pocra noenntx pac-
xoon n Anxnpe moxer trt ero crpemnenne npoennponart cnom momt na
pernon, conepnnuecrno c Mapoxxo (xoropoe n nocnenne rot roxe cymecr-
nenno ynennunno noennte pacxot) n nonnrnuecxoe nnnxnne noenntx
10
.


Heq1t n opta c 1eppopnsuou n Hnrepnn

B Hnrepnn, re noennte pacxot n 2011 r. ynennunnnct na 11%, ocrnr-
nyn 2.4 mnp onn., ne]rxnte oxot xnnxmrcx naxneme uacrtm rocyap-
crnenntx oxoon n oecneunnamr pocr noenntx pacxoon
11
. Crpana raxxe
cranxnnaercx c ceptesntm ntsonom n onacrn esonacnocrn n nne napac-
rammero nacnnnx co cropont nonncrnymme ncnamncrcxo rpynnnponxn
Foxo Xapam
12
. Cno ntop noennoro ornera na +ry yrposy npannrentcrno
npoemoncrpnponano n cenrxpe 2011 r., pasnepnyn, n ononnenne x cymecr-
nymmnm nnyrpennnm cnnam esonacnocrn n entre Hnrepa, nocxa n mecrn
cenepntx mrarax nx npornnocroxnnx nacnntcrnenntm ecrnnxm rpynnn-
ponxn. Xorx uncnennocrt pasnepnyrtx nocx ne pasrnamanact, onn ns o]n-
nepon npenonoxnn, uro ona moxer nnmt n onom mrare ocrnrart nnnsnn
(10 00015 000 noennocnyxamnx). Bo mnornx mrarax conart ycranonnnn na
oporax noxnocrt n nynxrt nponepxn, a nx npncyrcrnne na ynnnax crano
otuntm xnnennem
13
.
Hoxo Hnrepnn x opte c reppopnsmom onpeenxercx noenntmn.
Ynpannenne conernnxa no nannonantno esonacnocrn, xoropoe xoopnnnpy-
er xonrpreppopncrnuecxne onepannn, nosrnannxer orcranno apmecxn py-
xononrent; conernnx npesnenra no reppopnsmy apmecxn renepan, co-

8
LAlgrie revise sa politique de dfense face aux menaces en Libye [Algeria revises its de-
fence policy in the face of threats from Libya], Global Net, 9 Sep. 2011, <http://www.gnet.tn/ re-
vue-de-presse-internationale/lalgerie-revise-sa-politique-de-defense-face-aux-menaces-en-libye/id-
menu-957.html>; n Algrie: la coteu sescurit de la crise libyenne [Algeria: the costly security
of the Libyan crisis], Jeune Afrique, 3 Oct. 2011. O xon]nnxre n Hnnnn n 2011 r., cm. pasen I
rnant 2 n pasen II rnant 3 nacroxmero nsannx.
9
Cm. raxxe pasen I rnant 6 nacroxmero nsannx.
10
Holtom et al., International arms transfers, SIPRI Yearbook 2010, pp. 296301; n Perlo-
Freeman et al., Military expenditure, SIPRI Yearbook 2009, pp. 200201.
11
O ne]rxntx oxoax n noenntx pacxoax Hnrepnn cm.: Perlo-Freeman et al., Military
expenditure, SIPRI Yearbook 2010, pp. 180182.
12
Hacroxmee nasnanne rpynnnponxn Jamaat ul Ahlus Sunna Li Daawatis Jihad
(JASLIDAT, Hmn, npnnepxennte pacnpocrpanennm yuennx Hpopoxa n xnxay, no mn-
poxym nsnecrnocrt ona nonyunna no nasnannem "Foxo Xapam" (3ananoe opasonanne no
sanperom). Ona nosnnxna n ropoe Mayrypn na cenepo-nocroxe crpant n nosnee pacnpo-
crpannna cnom exrentnocrt na cocenne mrart. How we formed Boko Haram, by spokes-
man, Vanguard (Lagos), 27 July 2011.
13
Military in biggest peacetime deployment: investigation, Daily Trust (Abuja), 20 Sep. 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 186
croxmn na ecrnnrentno cnyxe; n n mexneomcrnenntx cnnax nenenoro
nasnauennx, pasnepnyrtx nx nponeennx onepann no noepxannm nnyr-
penne esonacnocrn (opte c reppopnsmom), npeonaamr noennte, xoro-
pte +rn cnnt xoopnnnpymr n nosrnannxmr
14
.
Hpecrannxercx, ycnnnx no opte c reppopnsmom ]opmnpymr xon]nry-
pannm noopyxenntx cnn, uro orpaxaercx n cosannn nontx nopasenenn
no opte c reppopnsmom n nororonxe cnennanncron no opte c reppopns-
mom. C 2009 r. Hnrepnx nosponna nnn cosana anrnreppopncrnuecxoe no-
pasenenne, nopasenenne ocooro nasnauennx, nopasenenne nx neennx
oentx ecrnn n ropntx ycnonnxx n cnonoe nopasenenne no opte c
reppopnsmom
15
.
Kax n n cnyuae c Ant-Kano n ncnamcxom Marpne, exrentnocrt
Foxo Xapam ntsnana orner co cropont nnemnnx cnn xax n 3anano A]pn-
xe, rax n nne nee. B nauane 2012 r. Kamepyn, ua, Hnrep n Hnrepnx nonnca-
nn naxr o noennom corpynnuecrne n omene pasnetnarentntmn anntmn n
ornomennn Foxo Xapam
16
. Hnrepnx raxxe nsyuana nosmoxnocrn corpynn-
uecrna c Bennxopnranne n onacrn optt c reppopnsmom
17
.
Honnte sarpart na +rn ycnnnx no opte c reppopnsmom onennrt rpy-
no, no o nexoroptx sarparax coomaercx n rocyapcrnennom mxere. B
2010 r. n ononnenne x perynxpnomy ooponnomy mxery tna nneena no-
nax orentnax mxernax crartx pacxoon na npononmte noenntmn onepa-
nnn no oecneuennm esonacnocrn n pasmepe 232 mnn onn. n 2010 r. n
137 mnn onn. n 2011 r., r. e., npnmepno 12 n 6% or conoxynntx noenntx pac-
xoon Hnrepnn n 2010 r. n 2011 r. coornercrnenno
18
. 3rn annte ornocxrcx
nnmt x onepannonntm pacxoam n, cneonarentno, ne yunrtnamr sarpart na
nsmenennx n crpyxrype noopyxenntx cnn n cnxsn c opto c reppopnsmom
nnn na nonym rexnnxy, saxynaemym nx +rnx nene. Onaxo nonax crartx
mxera nxnmuaer sarpart na onepannn n entre Hnrepa.
Armoc]epa crpaxa n xpnrnuecxax cnryannx n onacrn nannonantno
esonacnocrn, nopoxennte reppopnsmom n noenntmn orneramn npannrent-
crna, oneruamr onpananne ynennuennx noenntx pacxoon nnyrpn crpant.
Hpesnenr Hnrepnn Iynax xonaran, npoannnnax npenoxennoe ynennue-
nne noenntx pacxoon n pacxoon na opty c reppopnsmom, ormernn n cnoe

14
Ailemen, T., Azazi appointed National Security Advisor, Daily Champion (Lagos), 5 Oct.
2010; Ogbu, A. and Shuaibu, I., Jonathan fires adviser on counterterrorism, This Day (Lagos), 5
Sep. 2011; n Amnesty International, Nigeria: unlawful killings by the Joint Military Task Force in
Maiduguri must stop, Joint Public Statement, 14 July 2011, <http://www.amnesty.org/en/ li-
brary/info/AFR44/013/2011/en>.
15
Soriwei, F., Owuamanam, J. and Adepegba, A., Army deploys US-trained Nigerian com-
mandos in the north, The Punch (Lagos), 13 Nov. 2011.
16
Soriwei, F. and Alechenu, J., Nigeria, three others, seal pact against Boko Haram, The
Punch (Lagos), 7 Feb. 2012.
17
FG, UK working on counter-terrorism strategy, The Punch (Lagos), 1 Feb. 2012; n British
Prime Ministers Office, Transcript of press conference in Lagos, Nigeria, 22 July 2011, <http://
www.number10.gov.uk/news/transcript-of-press-conference-in-lagos-nigeria/>.
18
Nigerian Appropriation (amendment) Act 2011, assented to 26 May 2011, <http://www.
nassnig.org/nass2/acts.php>; n Nigerian Appropriation (amendment) Act 2010, assented to 10
Aug. 2010, <http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/acts.php>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 187
peun, nocnxmenno mxery crpant na 2012 r., uro oecneuenne ontme
noepxxn nonnnecxnm, ooponnrentntm n xonrpreppopncrnuecxnm e-
crnnxm yer n 2012 r. xnmuentm npnopnrerom
19
. Crpax nepe reppopnsmom
moxer raxxe cosart nonnrnuecxn xnnmar, npn xoropom xonrpont nnn xpn-
rnxa noenntx pacxoon n apmnn xax raxono co cropont omecrna cranonxr-
cx nce onee sarpynnrentntmn. Hanpnmep, npannrentcrno Hnrepnn n nmne
2011 r. apecronano xoppecnonenra rasert nocne ntxoa ero nynnxannn c
anannsom mxerntx accnrnonann na noopyxennte cnnt, nonnnnm n
Ynpannenne conernnxa no nannonantno esonacnocrn n 2011 r., onnnnn ero
n noptnntx ecrnnxx. Xorx nosnee xoppecnonenr tn ocnooxen es
npexnnennx emy xaxnx-nno onnnenn n conepmennn yrononnoro npecry-
nnennx, xax cam ero apecr, rax n nocneymmee npnnneuenne noopyxenntx
conar x pasrony rpynn rpaxancxoro omecrna, nporecronanmnx npornn or-
ment ensnnontx cycnn n xnnape 2012 r., ronopxr o ycnnennn mnnnrapn-
sannn n Hnrepnn
20
. Boennte, ncera npecrannxnmne coo n Hnrepnn mom-
nym nonnrnuecxym cnny, nourn nenoxonrpontnt rpaxancxomy omecrny,
uro neer x ntcoxo crenenn xoppymnnponannocrn noennoro cexropa n, n o-
nee omem cmtcne, x pacrounrentcrny n upesmepntm pacxoam
21
. Xorx n no-
cnenne rot npannrentcrno cenano nexoropte marn x romy, urot cnpa-
nnrtcx c +rnmn nponemamn, nanpnmep, nontcnn npospaunocrt mxera n
pe]opmnponan nponecc noenntx saxynox, n xnnmare, xoropt cosaercx
opto noenntx c reppopnsmom, axe raxne orpannuennte ocrnxennx mo-
ryr oxasartcx n onacnocrn
22
.


Cn1yannn n pyrnx c1panax

Pont ne]rxntx oxoon xax ycxopnrenx, nnn, no xpane mepe, cnoco-
crnymmero ]axropa ynennuennx noenntx pacxoon no mnornx a]pnxancxnx
crpanax tna ormeuena n npetymnx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH
23
. An-
rona, sannmammax n nacroxmee npemx rperte mecro cpen a]pnxancxnx crpan
c nanonee ntcoxnmn noenntmn pacxoamn, xnnxercx eme onnm npnmepom.

19
Hpenoxennte na 2012 r. pacxot na nannonantnym esonacnocrt cocrannxmr
920 mnp napa (5.7 mnp onn.) n, cpen npouero, nxnmuamr 326 mnp napa (2 mnp onn.)
na oopony, 17 mnp napa (106 mnn onn.) na nponeenne apmecxnx onepann no oecneue-
nnm nnyrpenne esonacnocrn n 124 mnp napa (773 mnn onn.), npenasnauenntx Ynpan-
nennm conernnxa no nannonantno esonacnocrn. Nigerian Federal Budget Office, 2012
budget speech, 13 Dec. 2011, <http://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/>, para. 33.
20
Adisa, T., Olatunji, J. S. and Ajayi, W., el-Rufai arrested; why he was picked upSSS; Bu-
hari, Fani-kayode talk tough, Sunday Tribune (Ibadan), 3 July 2011.
21
Nightingale, K., Shooting Down the MDGs: How Irresponsible Arms Transfers Undermine
Development Goals, Oxfam Briefing Paper no. 120 (Oxfam International: London, Oct. 2008),
p. 13; Perlo-Freeman, S. and Perdomo, C., The developmental impact of military budgeting and
procurement: implications for an arms trade treaty, SIPRI, Apr. 2008, <http://www.sipri.
org/research/armaments/milex/publications/unpubl_milex>; n Omitoogun, W. and Tunde Odun-
tan, T., Nigeria, eds W. Omitoogun and E. Hutchful, SIPRI, Budgeting for the Military Sector in
Africa: The Processes and Mechanisms of Control (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2006).
22
Nightingale (cnocxa 21).
23
Perlo-Freeman et al. (cnocxa 11).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 188
C oxonuannx rpaxancxo nont n crpane n 2002 no 2008 r. noennte pacxot
Anront, no mepe pocra otun ne]rn, nocxounnn na 148%. C rex nop, ona-
xo, noennte pacxot ne menxnnct, uro, nosmoxno, cnxsano c neontmnm co-
xpamennem otun ne]rn
24
. Cornacno o]nnnantntm anntm, ynennuenne
noennoro mxera Anront n snaunrentno crenenn tno nanpanneno na no-
ntmenne ntnnar n ynyumenne ycnonn nx noennocnyxamnx n cosanne
nporpammt npo]eccnonannsannn nx nnunoro cocrana
25
.
Rxnax A]pnxa, xnnxmmaxcx crpano c camtmn ntcoxnmn noenntmn
pacxoamn n A]pnxe mxnee Caxapt n sannmammax nropoe mecro n A]pnxe
nocne Anxnpa, n 2011 r. nosononnna pocr noenntx pacxoon. ocrnrnyn n
1999 r. camoro nnsxoro nocne anaprena yponnx, noennte pacxot x 2005 r.
ynennunnnct na 66% oruacrn naroapx xpynno n xoppymnnponanno npo-
rpamme saxynox noopyxenn; sarem pacxot ocranannct ornocnrentno nens-
menntmn nnnort o 2010 r.
26
3a pocrom pacxoon na 4.2% n mxere na
2011 r. (o 5.1 mnp onn.) onxno nocneonart nx sannannponannoe ynenn-
uenne n reuenne 3 ner c 2012 no 2014 r. Ynennuenne n 2011 r. nponsomno n
snaunrentno crenenn ns-sa nono crpyxrypt xanonantx, a ynennuennx n y-
ymem nosnonxr ocymecrnnrt saxynxn nono rexnnxn
27
.
B nocnenne rot ono ns xpynnemnx, no ocranmeecx nourn ne same-
uenntm, ynennuenn nponsomno n Cnasnnene, re, necmorpx na neontmoe
naenne n 2011 r., noennte pacxot c 2002 r. nospocnn na 160%, ocrnrnyn
123 mnn onn., n, n nne onn n nanonom nnyrpennem npoyxre, ynonnnct
3.2% n 2010 r. Ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon nponsomno, necmorpx na ror
]axr, uro 70% nacenennx sapaartnaer menee 2 onn. n ent. B Cnasnnene
raxxe ormeuaercx camt ntcoxn n mnpe yponent nn]nnnponannx BHu, n
crpana nepexnnaer +xonomnuecxn xpnsnc, conponoxaemt macmrantm
coxpamennem connantntx pacxoon. Bce +ro, napxy c orcyrcrnnem xaxnx-
nno nnyrpennnx nnn nnemnnx noenntx yrpos, npnneno n 2011 r. x ycnnennm
xpnrnxn ntcoxoro yponnx noenntx pacxoon
28
. Onaxo, nocxontxy Cnasnnen
xnnxercx aconmrno monapxne, re napnamenry sanpemeno ocyxart oo-
ponnt mxer, ntcoxne noennte pacxot crpant moryr trt oruacrn o-
xcnent ne+]]exrnnnocrtm ynpannennx
29
.

24
US Energy Intelligence Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Angola, Aug. 2011,
<http://www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=AO>.
25
Angola defense budget surges upwards, Forecast International, 19 Aug. 2010,
<http://emarketalerts.forecast1.com/mic/eabstract.cfm?recno=176108>; n Chinas visit to Angola
raises questions about future arms purchases, Forecast International, 27 May 2010,
<http://emarketalerts.forecast1.com/mic/eabstract.cfm?recno=173252>.
26
Cm.: Feinstein, A. n p., Corruption and the arms trade: sins of commission, SIPRI Year-
book 2011.
27
Heitman, H., S Africa increases defence budget, Janes Defence Weekly, 2 Mar. 2011,
p. 19; n South African National Treasury, Medium Term Budget Policy Statement 2011 (National
Treasury: Pretoria, October 2011).
28
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 2011: Sus-
tainability and EquityA Better Future for All (UNDP: New York, 2011), p. 144.
29
Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Swaziland: opposition to military
spending grows, 29 Nov. 2011, <http://www.irinnews.org/Report/94336/SWAZILAND-Opposition-
to-military-spending-grows>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 189
V. EBPOHA H BO3EHCTBHE MEP ECTKOH 3KOHOMHH
HA BOEHHIE PACXOI

C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH

B pesyntrare mnponoro ]nnanconoro n +xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca, xoro-
pt nauancx n 2008 r., e]nnnrt mxera n ontme uacrn Enpont pesxo
ynennunnnct, n n 2011 r. n ncxyccnxx no noenntm pacxoam n Enpone omn-
nnponana rema mep xecrxo +xonomnn, npononmo npannrentcrnamn n no-
ntrxe coxparnrt +rn e]nnnrt. C ono cropont, ocrpte onronte xpnsnct
n Ipennn, Hrannn n Hcnannn npnnenn x npnnxrnm ocoenno xecrxnx mep
+xonomnn, npeycmarpnnanmnx snaunrentnte coxpamennx rocyapcrnenntx
pacxoon n nontmenne nanoroonoxennx, n nexoroptx cnyuaxx xnnxnmnxcx
ycnonnem nonyuennx naxeron mexynapono nomomn. C pyro cropont,
raxne crpant, xax Bennxopnrannx, xoropte ne cronxnynnct c noontmn
neornparnmtmn onrontmn nponemamn, raxxe coxparnnn rocyapcrnennte
pacxot, ncxox ns yexennx n rom, uro coxpamenne e]nnnron xnnxercx
rnanntm +xonomnuecxnm npnopnrerom, oycnonnenntm xpnsncom.
Conoxynnte noennte pacxot n Enpone n 2011 r. ocrannct, onaxo, no
cymecrny, nensmenntmn n peantnom ntpaxennn no cpannennm c 2010 r., co-
crannn 407 mnp onn. Heontmoe coxpamenne nx na 1.9% n peantnom ntpa-
xennn n 3anano n Henrpantno Enpone tno xomnencnponano nx ynenn-
uennem na 10.2% n peantnom ntpaxennn n Bocrouno Enpone.
Pocr noenntx pacxoon n Bocrouno Enpone oycnonnen nx ynennuenn-
em n Poccnn n Asepaxane. Poccnx nocne xparxonpemennoro coxpamennx
noenntx pacxoon n 2010 r. nepnynact x cnoe onrocpouno renennnn nx
nontmennx. Ynennuenne na 9.3% n peantnom ntpaxennn oneno poccncxne
noennte pacxot n 2011 r. o 71.9 mnp onn., a +ro osnauaer, uro Poccnx
oomna Bennxopnrannm n upannnm n sanxna rperte mecro n mnpe cpen
crpan c nanonee ntcoxnmn noenntmn pacxoamn. Poccnx nnannpyer ant-
nemee ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon; ee npoexr mxerntx nnanon npe-
nonaraer ynennuenne pacxoon na nannonantnym oopony n nepno c 2011 no
2014 r. na 53% n peantnom ntpaxennn
1
. Iocyapcrnennax nporpamma noopy-
xenn na nepno 20112020 rr., oxnartnamme saxynxn noopyxenn n nayu-
no-nccneonarentcxne n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxne paspaorxn (HHOKP), xax
oxnaercx, yer cronrt cntme 20 rpnn py. (650 mnp onn.) n nosnonnr x
2020 r. samennrt 70% poccncxo noenno rexnnxn, ornocxmecx npenmyme-
crnenno eme x conercxo +noxe, na conpemennoe noopyxenne
2
. 3annannpo-
nannte pacxot nxnmuamr 700 mnp py. (31 mnp onn.), ntenxemtx poc-
cncxomy noenno-npomtmnennomy xomnnexcy na ononnenne oopyonannx

1
Cooper, J., Military spending in the Russian federal budget, 20102014, Research note, 12
Aug. 2011, <http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/publications/unpubl_milex/>. annte
CHHPH no Poccnn raxxe nxnmuamr sarpart na ntnnary noenntx nencn, pacxot na
noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx n onenxn pxa npounx menxnx crare pacxoon.
2
Tounax cymma conoxynntx sarpar na +ry nporpammy noxa eme ne onpeenena, n n
pasnnuntx ncrounnxax yxastnamrcx cymmt n nanasone 1923 rpnn py. Cm., nanpnmep:
Agence France-Presse, Putin outlines push for stronger military, Defense News, 20 Feb. 2012.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 190
n rexnonorn
3
. Tem npemenem, ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon Asepaxana
na 89% n peantnom ntpaxennn tno camtm ontmnm n mnpe n oneno ero
noennte pacxot o 3.1 mnp onn.
4






















Pnc. 4.1. Hsuenennn noennmx pacxoon n cpannennn c nnaunxon nanonoro
nny1pennero npoyx1a n 3ananon Enpone n Hen1pantnon Enpone n 2008 2011 rr.


ne rpern crpan 3anano n Henrpantno Enpont c 2008 r. coxparnnn
cnon noennte pacxot. Heynnnrentno, uro pasmep +rnx coxpamenn emon-
crpnpyer cnntnym sanncnmocrt or renennn nnamnxn nanonoro nnyrpenne-
ro npoyxra (BBH), xoropt n nenom cnnsnncx. Hanpornn, no mnornx crpa-
nax, xoropte ynennunnn noennte pacxot, ocoenno n Hopnernn, Hontme,
Bnennn, Bnenapnn n Typnnn, n reuenne xpnsnca coxpanxncx +xonomnue-
cxn pocr. Bosmoxno, +ro n ynnnrentno, no nsanmocnxst mexy nsmenennx-
mn noenntx pacxoon n nsmenennxmn nno rocyapcrnennoro onra, nno
e]nnnron rocyapcrnennoro mxera, ntpaxenntx n nne onn or BBH,
tna namnoro cnaee. Ho cpannennm c sananoenponecxnmn crpanamn co-
xpamenne noenntx pacxoon n tnmnx xommynncrnuecxnx rocyapcrnax
Henrpantno Enpont tno ropaso ontme xax n aconmrnom ntpaxennn,
rax n ornocnrentno x remnam pocra nx BBH; n cpenem nenrpantnoenpone-
cxne crpant coxparnnn pacxot na 15% ontme, uem sananoenponecxne,

3
Litovkin, D., Triumf and Tsirkon are going into the force: Deputy Defense Minister Vladi-
mir Popovkin explained, how to rearm the army, Izvestiya, 11 Mar. 2011, Translation from Rus-
sian, Open Source Center.
4
O saxynxax noopyxenn Apmenne n Asepaxanom cm. pasen IV rnant 6 nacroxmero
nsannx.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 191
npn onnaxonom nsmenennn BBH (cm. pnc. 4.1)
5
. Kpynnte coxpamennx noen-
ntx pacxoon n Henrpantno Enpone nocneonann sa nepnoom cymecrnen-
noro pocra noenntx pacxoon mnornx nontx unenon Oprannsannn Cenepoar-
nanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO) n crpan, crpemxmnxcx nmn crart, xoropte
npoxnnnn neycrounnocrt no npemx +xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca. Tem ne menee
necxontxo nenrpantnoenponecxnx crpan (Xopnarnx, Pymtnnx n Cepnx)
paccmarpnnamr nosmoxnocrt conepmennx nontx xpynntx saxynox oentx
camoneron
6
.
Tpn crpant c nanonee ntcoxnmn noenntmn pacxoamn n 3anano En-
pone Bennxopnrannx, upannnn n Iepmannx c 2008 r. nectma cxpomno co-
xparnnn noennte pacxot: n xaxom cnyuae ne menee uem na 5% n peantnom
ntpaxennn, xorx nx Bennxopnrannn annte sa 2011 r. oxasannct ntme ns-
sa sarpar na neenne nont n Hnnnn, xoropte x cenrxpm 2011 r. ocrnrnn
340 mnn onn.
7
Onaxo Bennxopnrannx n Iepmannx nnannpymr antnemne
coxpamennx: Bennxopnrannx na 7.5% n peantnom ntpaxennn x 2014/2015
]nn. r. no cpannennm c 2010/2011 ]nn. r., a Iepmannx npnmepno na 10% x
2015 r. no cpannennm c 2011 r. upannnx nnannpyer nnnort o 2013 r. coxpa-
nxrt pacxot n peantnom ntpaxennn onee-menee nensmenntmn
8
.


Kpnsncnme c1panm Kanon Enponm

Cpen sananoenponecxnx crpan Ipennx, Hrannx, Hopryrannx n Hcna-
nnx n Rxno Enpone n Hpnannx noneprnnct camtm ceptesntm yapam
+xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca n cronxnynnct c ocrptm xpnsncom cynepennoro on-
ra, uro nocrannno no comnenne cnoconocrn npannrentcrn +rnx rocyapcrn
ocnyxnnart nnn pe]nnancnponart cnon onrn. Ipennx, Hpnannx n Hopry-
rannx sarpeonann +xonomnuecxym nomomt or Enponecxoro comsa (EC) n
Mexynaponoro nanmrnoro ]ona (MBu), rora xax pacrymax oxonocrt
no onry npannrentcrna Hrannn noxasarent npenonaraemoro pncxa npe-

5
B 3ananym Enpony nxoxr 19 rocyapcrn: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Knnp, annx, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Mantra, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hopryra-
nnx, Hcnannx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Typnnx n Bennxopnrannx. Hcnannx n Hmxcemypr
ncxnmuamrcx no npnunne orcyrcrnnx no nnm anntx. K Henrpantno Enpone ornocxrcx 16
rocyapcrn: Anannx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 3c-
ronnx, Benrpnx, Harnnx, Hnrna, Ftnmax Rrocnancxax Pecnynnxa Maxeonnx, uepnoropnx,
Hontma, Pymtnnx, Cepnx, Cnonaxnx n Cnonennx.
6
Croatian Gripen offer, Airforces Monthly, Dec. 2011, p. 13; U.S.Romania F-16 talks
snag, Defense News, 6 June 2011, p. 3; n Cvejic, B., Combat aircraft due in 2012, Danas, 22
Dec. 2011, Translation from Serbian, Open Source Center.
7
Hammond, P., British Secretary of State for Defence, Delivering on the frontline: opera-
tional success and sustainable armed forces, Speech, Royal United Services Institute for Defence
and Security Studies (RUSI), 8 Dec. 2011, <http://www.rusi.org/events/ref:E4EBAA415CBC7A>.
8
British Treasury, Spending Review 2010, Cm 7942 (The Stationery Office: London, Oct.
2010); Loi de programmation des finances publiques pour les annes 2011 2014 [Law on the public
finance programme for the years 2011 to 2014], French Law no. 2010-1645 of 28 Dec. 2010,
<http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000023310845>; n Muller, A.,
Germany to boost defense budget by 133m Euros, Defense News, 7 Sep. 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 192
ocrannennx xpenron +ro crpane nnecna cno nxna n naenne nrantxn-
cxoro npannrentcrna Cnntnno Fepnycxonn. 3rn crpant npnnxnn ocoenno
xecrxne naxert mep +xonomnn: nno n xauecrne uacrn ycnonn nonyuennx
+xonomnuecxo nomomn, nno c nentm noccranonnrt onepne xpenropon
9
.
onrono xpnsnc Hcnannn tn menee ceptesntm, no +xonomnuecxax cnrya-
nnx n +ro crpane oxasanact ocoenno rxxeno na ]one espaornnt n 22% n
xnnape 2012 r. Hcnancxoe npannrentcrno, noono pyrnm crpanam, ntpano
n xauecrne npnopnrera coxpamenne mxernoro e]nnnra
10
. 3ror xecrxn
pexnm +xonomnn sarponyn n noennte pacxot; nx coxpamennx c 2008 r. n ue-
rtpex ns +rnx crpan Ipennn, Hpnannn, Hrannn n Hcnannn tnn cpen
camtx ontmnx n 3anano Enpone.


Ipeu

Onenxa renennn noenntx pacxoon Ipennn ocnoxnxercx rem ]axrom,
uro o]nnnantnt ooponnt mxer ne nxnmuaer nce noennte pacxot; n
uacrnocrn, n nero ne nxoxr pacxot na nencnn noennocnyxamnm
11
. Hynn-
xyemte HATO annte o noenntx pacxoax rocyapcrn-unenon onee coepxa-
rentnt, no xo npemenn nanncannx +roro rexcra onn nmennct nnmt o 2010 r., a
annte sa 2010 r. xnnxnnct onenxo, xoropax moxer trt samenena nsmene-
nnxmn n mxere
12
. Coornercrnenno annte CHHPH sa 2010 n 2011 rr. one-
nounte, ocnonannte na renennnn nnamnxn ooponnoro mxera
13
.
Ipeuecxne noennte pacxot n 2011 r. ]axrnuecxn nesnaunrentno nos-
pocnn, no +ror pocr nocneonan sa ncxnmunrentno ontmnm naennem nou-
rn na ony rpert n peantnom ntpaxennn n 2010 r., xora nepnonauantnt
mxer tn n reuenne roa pesxo coxpamen. B ooponnt mxer na 2012 r.
sanoxeno antnemee coxpamenne na 16% n nomnnantnom ntpaxennn, c no-
cneymmnmn coxpamennxmn, sannannponanntmn na nnxamne rot n pam-
xax naxera mep no +xonomnn, npeycmarpnnammero snaunrentnte cnnxennx
sapaorno nnart n nencn rocyapcrnenntm cnyxamnm
14
. Kpome roro, noo-
pyxennte cnnt nonexar peoprannsannn, n xoe xoropo yyr coxpament
uncnennocrt noennocnyxamnx n xonnuecrno ocnonno oeno rexnnxn. Ipe-
nnx yxe ymentmnna uncnennocrt cnonx noennocnyxamnx n cocrane mexy-
napontx cnn HATO n Kocono (KuOP) c 711 n xonne 2010 r. o 215 n xonne

9
Timeline: the unfolding Eurozone debt crisis, BBC News, 13 Feb. 2012, <http://www.
bbc.co.uk/news/business-13856580>.
10
Spains unemployment total passes 5 million, BBC News, 27 Jan. 2012, <http://www.bbc.
co.uk/news/world-16754600>.
11
B annom pasene ne yunrtnamrcx nocnecrnnx nontx mep +xonomnn, cornaconanntx
rpeuecxnm napnamenrom 12 ]enpanx 2012 r.
12
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Financial and economic data relating to
NATO defence, 10 Mar. 2011, <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_71296.htm>.
13
annte CHHPH no Ipennn raxxe nxnmuamr pacxot na eperonym oxpany, xoropax
]ynxnnonnpyer xax noennsnponannoe ]opmnponanne.
14
Greek government austerity measures, BBC News, 19 Oct. 2011, <http://www.bbc.
co.uk/news/business-13940431>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 193
2011 r.
15
B 2011 r. Ipennx ne pasmemana nontx saxason na ocnonnte nnt
noopyxenn, onaxo nnarexn sa panee pasmemennte no upannnn n Iepmannn
xpynnte saxast osnauann, uro pacxot na rexnnxy xax onx conoxynntx no-
enntx pacxoon n 20092010 rr. ocrnrnn cnoero nnxa
16
. B 2011 r. ocyxa-
nact norennnantnax saxynxa ]pannyscxnx ]peraron na ycnonnxx orcpouen-
no onnart, onaxo nnxaxoro pemennx x nauany 2012 r. npnnxro ne tno. uro
xacaercx onrocpouno nepcnexrnnt, ro nnan saxynox noopyxenn na 2011
2025 rr. tn coxpamen na 70% no cpannennm c npetymnm nnanom na
20062020 rr.
17

B reuenne nnrentnoro npemenn Ipennx nmena camoe ntcoxoe pemx no-
enntx pacxoon noennte pacxot xax onx or BBH n EC, oycnonnennoe
ee annnmn nanpxxenntmn ornomennxmn c Typnne ns-sa Knnpa n cnopamn
o mopcxnx rpannnax n 3recxom mope. Taxnm opasom, nponecc coxpamennx
noenntx pacxoon ynpocrnncx naroapx ynyumennm ornomenn c Typnne,
xoropax n 2010 r. oxnnna o crparernn nynentx nponem c cocexmn n nc-
xnmunna Ipennm ns cnncxa crpan, nocnpnnnmaemtx n xauecrne yrpost. Bo-
sononnnnct raxxe ycnnnx no paspemennm cnopon o mopcxnx rpannnax
18
.
Coxpamenne noenntx pacxoon Ipennn ]axrnuecxn npnneno x romy, uro ee
pemx noenntx pacxoon n 2010 r. crano nerue no cpannennm c pemenem Be-
nnxopnrannn, n, ecnn ncxonrt ns nmemmnxcx na annt momenr nnanon,
+ra renennnx, nepoxrno, coxpannrcx.


Hma.u

Boennte pacxot Hrannn raxxe ne nonnocrtm npospaunt n rom cmtc-
ne, uro onn pacnpeenxmrcx no mxeram pasnnuntx mnnncrepcrn n ne-
omcrn. Pacxot na noennte onepannn sa pyexom (n A]ranncrane, Kocono,
Hnnane n Hnnnn) oopxmrcx nrantxncxnm napnamenrom orentno or m-
xera mnnncrepcrna oopont
19
. Cntme 1 mnp enpo (1.4 mnp onn.) onon-
nnrentntx pacxoon na noennte saxynxn n HHOKP exerono ]nnancnpymr-
cx mnnncrepcrnom +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx
20
. Kax n n cnyuae c Ipenne,

15
Athanasopoulos, A., Fewer generals and camps, To Vima, 5 Dec. 2010, Translation from
Greek, Open Source Center; n SIPRI Multilateral Peace Operations Database, <http://www.sipri.
org/databases/pko>. Cm. raxxe: Valmas, T., Greece to reduce Kosovo force as budget cuts bite,
Janes Defence Weekly, 16 June 2010.
16
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (cnocxa 12).
17
Mller, A., Germany raps French warship deal with Greece, Defense News, 18 Oct. 2011;
n Dimakas, L., An 11% reduction in defense expenditure during 2010, Ta Nea, 12 Apr. 2011,
Translation from Greek, Open Source Center.
18
Cm.: Perlo-Freeman et al., Military expenditure, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 173176; n
Bekdil, B. E. and Eginsoy, U., Turks, Greeks seek to end Aegean impasse, Defense News, 1 Nov.
2011, p. 11.
19
Kington, T. Italian military hit by 10% budget cut, Defense News, 27 May 2010.
20
DAgostino G., Di Stefano, L. and Pieroni L., Is military burden a stimulus for economic
growth? The case of Italy, Paper presented at the 15th Annual International Conference on Eco-
nomics and Security, 1516 June 2011; n Kington, T., Italy trims defense amid debt crisis, De-
fense News, 18 July 2011, pp. 1, 7.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 194
annte HATO no Hrannn sa 2011 r. xo npemenn nanncannx rexcra orcyrcrno-
nann. Taxnm opasom, onenxa CHHPH nrantxncxnx noenntx pacxoon n
2011 r. xapaxrepnsyercx nexoropo neonpeenennocrtm. Tem ne menee yy-
mne renennnn moxno onennrt na ocnone nnmt uacrn noenntx pacxoon,
xoropte nxoxr n ooponnt mxer.
C yuerom +ro oronopxn CHHPH onennnaer coxpamenne nrantxncxnx
noenntx pacxoon c 2008 no 2011 r. n 16% n peantnom ntpaxennn. 3ro co-
xpamenne cnntno sarponyno pacxot no +xcnnyarannn n ocnyxnnannm n,
xax oxnanoct, n 2011 r. norpeonano samoposnrt uncnennocrt noenno-
cnyxamnx
21
. Onaxo, necmorpx na nonte naxert mep xecrxo +xonomnn,
npnnxrte n 2011 r. n npeycmarpnnammne samopaxnnanne sapaorno nnart
rocyapcrnenntx cnyxamnx, mxer mnnncrepcrna oopont, cornacno rpex-
nernemy mxernomy nnany or oxrxpx 2011 r., ]axrnuecxn o 2014 r. ne-
cxontxo nospacrer n nomnnantnom ntpaxennn
22
. C pyro cropont, mxer
mnnncrepcrna +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx o 2014 r. snaunrentno coxparnrcx
na 1.9 mnp enpo (2.6 mnp onn.), xorx nexcno, xocnercx nn +ro pacxoon na
noennte saxynxn n HHOKP
23
. Hrannx raxxe nnannpyer coxparnrt cnoe yua-
crne n noenntx onepannxx sa pyexom, no+romy conoxynnte noennte pacxo-
t moryr ynacrt
24
.


Hcnauu

Ynennuenne noenntx pacxoon Hcnannn n peantnom ntpaxennn na 29%
sa nepno 20002008 rr. tno onnm ns camtx ontmnx n 3anano Enpone.
Onaxo c nauana xpnsnca no 2011 r. noennte pacxot coxparnnnct na 18% n
cnnsnnnct o 1% or BBH rpertero mecra c xonna no pemenn noenntx pac-
xoon n HATO, nocne Hmxcemypra n Benrpnn.
Ono ns nocnecrnn +roro coxpamennx cocronr n rom, uro ncnancxoe
mnnncrepcrno oopont renept ne n cocroxnnn nosnonnrt cee ntnnart sa-
onxennocrn n 26 mnp enpo (36 mnp onn.) nocranmnxam noopyxenn no
19 xpynntm noenntm nporpammam moepnnsannn, sanymenntm n 2000-x ro-
ax. Onnm ns npemenntx pemenn moxer crart pecrpyxrypnsannx onron,
xoropym xomnannn nponenn t, nsxn xpenrt y mnnncrepcrna npomtmnen-
nocrn n ]axrnuecxn cosan xocnennt ncrounnx nnemxerntx noenntx
pacxoon. Hporpammt saxynox nauannct n nepno +xonomnuecxoro pocra n

21
Kington (cnocxa 20); Italys 2011 budget, Il Foglio, 23 Oct. 2010, Translation from Ital-
ian, Open Source Center; n Bassi, A., The Defense Ministry cuts recruitment to zero, Milano
Finanza, 2 Nov. 2010, Translation from Italian, Open Source Center.
22
Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance, Italy delivers, 15 Sep. 2011, <http://www.mef.
gov.it/documenti/open.asp?idd=27880>; Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), Il
budget dellostato per iltriennio 20112013 [The state budget for the period 20112013] (MEF:
Rome, Oct. 2010), pp. 443469; n Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), Il budget
dellostato per iltriennio 20122014 [The state budget for the period 20122014] (MEF: Rome,
Oct. 2011), pp. 435463.
23
Kington (cnocxa 20).
24
Agence France-Presse, Italy to scale back overseas military operations, Defense News, 6
July 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 195
ynennuennx noenntx pacxoon, onaxo nannune y nnx xcnoro crparernuecxo-
ro oocnonannx npecrannxnoct comnnrentntm. Mnnncrp oopont Hcnannn
Koncranrnno Menec npnsnancx n oxrxpe 2010 r.: Ham ne cneonano npn-
operart cncremt, xoropte mt ne conpaemcx ncnontsonart, nx cnenapnen
xon]nnxron, xoropte ne cymecrnymr, n, uro eme xyxe, co cpecrnamn, xoro-
ptx mt ne nmenn rora n ne nmeem ceuac
25
.


Hocnec1nnn coxpamennn pacxoon

Htnemnne n npecroxmne coxpamennx noenntx pacxoon ntsnann no
mnornx uacrxx cnera ecnoxocrno no nonoy roro, uro enponecxne crpant
pncxymr yrparnrt nnnxnne n mnpe, nocxontxy onn eme ontme orcranyr or
Coennenntx Braron no noennomy norennnany, rora xax raxne pacrymne
epxant, xax Knra, tcrpo oronxr nx n axe npensoyr. annne onnne-
nnx n rom, uro Enpona upesmepno nonaraercx na amepnxancxym noennym
momt, sasnyuann no oe cropont Arnanrnxn eme rpomue.
Hanonee nnntmn exrenxmn cpen rex, xro ntpasnn noonte onace-
nnx, tnn renepantnt cexperapt HATO Anepc uor Pacmyccen n mnnncrp
oopont CBA Poepr Ierc. Pacmyccen, ntcrynax na Mmnxencxo xon]e-
pennnn no esonacnocrn n ]enpane 2011 r., xorx n npnsnan, uro noennte pac-
xot onxnt orpaxart +xonomnuecxne peannn, yrnepxan, uro Enpona
npocro ne moxer nosnonnrt cee ntrn ns ena no oecneuennm esonacno-
crn, n npeynpexan, uro pesyntrarom orxasa or ocrarounoro ]nnancnpo-
nannx noopyxenntx cnn craner Enpona, xoropax yer pasenenno, oc-
naenme n nce cnntnee n cnntnee orcramme or Coennenntx Braron
26
.
Ierc, ntcrynax n Fpmccene n nmne 2011 r., npecxasan rymannoe n mpaunoe
yymee nx HATO, nocxontxy CBA norepxmr nnrepec x cranonxmnmcx
nce onee neaexnarntmn enponecxnm comsnnxam, ecnn nocnenne npoon-
xar coxpamart noennte pacxot
27
.
Onaxo noonym rouxy spennx pasenxmr ne nce xommenraropt. Onn
amepnxancxn nonnronor yrnepxan, uro anexne or crpemnennx nepenoxnrt
nce saort na CBA enponecxne crpant npocro amr pannonantnt crpare-
rnuecxn orner n sonoro nex mnpa n esonacnocrn, xora yrpost crann
cnaee, uem n nmym npemecrnymmym +noxy, a cnoconocrt ocrnrart ne-
ne npnmenennem noenno cnnt cnntno orpannuena; n, nnonne nosmoxno,
xoppexrnponxa rpeyercx camnm CBA, mnpoxoe ncnontsonanne noenno
momn xoroptmn n nocnenee ecxrnnerne npnnocnno n nyumem cnyuae co-

25
Gonzales, M., Defense Ministry renegotiates debt of 26 billion that it cannot pay, El Pais,
13 Aug. 2011, Translation from Spanish, Open Source Center.
26
Fogh Rasmussen, A., NATO Secretary General, Building security in an age of austerity,
Keynote speech, 2011 Munich Security Conference, 4 Feb. 2011, <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/
natolive/opinions_70400.htm>.
27
Gates, R., Reflections on the status and future of the transatlantic alliance, Keynote
speech, Security and Defence Agenda Conference, Brussels, 10 June 2011, <http://www.security
defenceagenda.org/Contentnavigation/Activities/Activitiesoverview/tabid/1292/EventType/ Event-
View/EventId/1070/EventDateID/1087/PageID/5141/Reflectionsonthestatusandfutureofthetransatl
anticalliance.aspx>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 196
mnnrentnte pesyntrart
28
. Ananornunte aprymenrt npnnen n ]pannyscxn
xommenrarop, xoropt yrnepxan, uro crparernuecxoe nnnxnne ne nmeer nou-
rn nnuero omero c one noenntx pacxoon n BBH, uro yrpost n pncxn, na-
stnaemte cnecrnnxmn nnsxnx noenntx pacxoon, n nenom nectma neonpee-
nennt, panno xax n xonxpernax nontsa, xoropym moxno nsnneut c nomomtm
noenno cnnt, orpannuena. Onaxo on npnsnan pont noenno-mopcxnx cnn n
oxpane xnsnenno naxntx mopcxnx nnnn xommynnxann, n uem sannrepeco-
nant xax enponecxne, rax n asnarcxne rocyapcrna
29
.
B xoneunom cuere, npn ornere na nonpoc o rom, na xaxom yponne onxnt
naxonrtcx noennte pacxot enponecxnx rocyapcrn, nao ncxonrt ns o-
me crparernuecxo onenxn nmemmnxcx yrpos nx esonacnocrn n ns roro, n
xaxo crenenn noennax momt xnnxercx noxoxmnm n +]]exrnnntm nncrpy-
menrom nx orpaxennx noontx yrpos; xaxoro poa nnnxnnx crpemxrcx oc-
rnut EC, HATO n nx rocyapcrna-unent; n xaxnm nyrem noennax momt mo-
xer cnococrnonart +romy nnnxnnm. 3xonomnuecxn xpnsnc xnno nocnyxnn
ronuxom x raxnm pasmtmnennxm n pxe crpan
30
. Mexy rem, nepcnexrnna co-
xpamennx noenntx mxeron npnnena x nospoxennm nnrepeca x pacmnpe-
nnm enponecxoro corpynnuecrna n onacrn oopont xax cpecrna ocrn-
xennx nontmennx norennnana npn xaxom-nno annom yponne pacxoon. O-
cyxenne n pamxax EC c]oxycnponanoct na oennennn n omene
norennnanon, n ro npemx xax HATO nponnrana xonnennnm ymno oopo-
nt, xoropax npnstnaer x onee cxoopnnnponannomy ntopy npnopnreron
norennnanon n cnennannsannn orentntx rocyapcrn-unenon, a raxxe x o-
nee recnomy corpynnuecrny nocpecrnom raxnx mep, xax oennenne n o-
men
31
. Konnennnx oennennx n omena nnepnte nposnyuana na saceannn
mnnncrpon oopont crpan unenon EC n Ienre, Fentrnx, n cenrxpe 2010 r.,
re tna ocrnrnyra oronopennocrt cocrannrt cnncox noxoxmnx npoex-
ron
32
. Kax n n cnyuae c pyrnmn enponecxnmn nnnnnarnnamn no corpynnue-
crny n onacrn oopont, ocramrcx nonpoct ornocnrentno roro, xax anexo
moxer sarn corpynnuecrno, yunrtnax osaouennocrt crpan coxpanennem
nannonantnoro cynepennrera, onaxo raxne marn, xax nonncanne n noxpe

28
Fettweis, C. J., Free riding or restraint? Examining European grand strategy, Comparative
Strategy, vol. 30, no. 4 (2011).
29
Le Guelte, G., Le budget darmement, facteur de puissance? [The arms budget, a determi-
nant of power?], Revue Dfense Nationale, no. 737 (Feb. 2011), pp. 2334.
30
Hanpnmep, camt nocnenn nepecmorp crparernuecxo ooponno oxrpnnt
Bennxopnrannn tn ntsnan mxerntm xpnsncom n crpane. British Ministry of Defence,
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review, Cm 7948
(The Stationery Office: London, Oct. 2010). B 2011 r. ]pannyscxoe npannrentcrno raxxe ox-
nnno o rom, uro Fenax xnnra 2008 r. no oopone n nannonantno esonacnocrn yer nepe-
cmorpena n 2012 r. Guibert, N., La France varvisersa stratgie de dfense [France will revise its
defence strategy], Le Monde, 8 Sep. 2011.
31
European Defence Agency (EDA), EDAs pooling and sharing, Fact sheet, 20 Jan. 2012,
<http://eda.europa.eu/publications/12-02-01/Pooling_Sharing_fact_sheet>; n North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO), Smart defence, 8 Feb. 2012, <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-
AF04C059-D03FE758/natolive/topics_84268.htm?>. O corpynnuecrne n nponsnocrne noopy-
xenn, cm. pasen I rnant 5 nacroxmero nsannx.
32
European Defence Agency (cnocxa 31).
BOEHHBE PACXOB 197
2010 r. mnpoxomacmranoro pnrancxo-]pannyscxoro oronopa o corpynn-
uecrne n onacrn oopont n esonacnocrn, nosmoxno, yxastnamr na ont-
mym crenent nonnrnuecxo sannrepeconannocrn
33
. Onn ns xommenraropon
yrnepxaer, uro oennenne n omen, nepoxrnee ncero, noyr ycnemnee n
cnyuae cosannx ocrponxon corpynnuecrna mexy neontmnmn rpynnamn
onnaxono mtcnxmnx crpan n onpeenenntx onacrxx oopont, nexenn npn
nontrxe nanaxnnannx onee mnpoxoro corpynnuecrna n pamxax onee xpyn-
no nenrpantno rpynnt crpan unenon EC
34
.
Onaxo eart o rom, xaxne noopyxennte cnnt, norennnant n yponnn
pacxoon ecrnnrentno nyxnt enponecxnm crpanam, xecrxo oennent c
nonpocom o rpancarnanrnuecxom cnnouennn n ycnonnxx pasptna n pacxoax
mexy CBA n Enpono. O rom, uro +ror pasptn xnnxercx cxopee pesyntrarom
pocra pacxoon CBA, nexenn coxpamennx enponecxnx pacxoon, ncnomn-
namr pexo, a mtcnt, uro +ra nponema nopoxaercx cxopee nepntm, a ne
nroptm, pexo ocyxaercx n ntcmnx nonnrnuecxnx xpyrax.


33
Treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the French
Republic for Defence and Security Co-operation, signed 2 Nov. 2010, Cm 7976 (The Stationery
Office: Norwich, 10 Nov. 2010).
34
Valasek, T., Surviving Austerity: The Case for a New Approach to EU Military Collabora-
tion (Centre for European Reform: London, Apr. 2011).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 198
VI. COOFBEHHE AHHIX O BOEHHIX PACXOAX
B OPIAHH3AHHR OFTEHHEHHIX HAHHH
B 20022011 rr.

Ho+nt KEHHH

B npomemem ecxrnnernn nponcxonno omee naenne uncna exero-
ntx coomenn rocyapcrnamn unenamn Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann
o cnonx noenntx pacxoax nyrem sanonnennx cranaprnsnponannoro oxymen-
ra OOH nx coomennx anntx o noenntx pacxoax
1
. B ro xe npemx nce
ontme crpan pasmemann nn]opmannm o cnonx noenntx pacxoax n Hnrepne-
re, xorx n ne cneonann onpeenennm OOH nnn ne conmann ]opmar cran-
aprnsnponannoro oxymenra OOH. ecrnnrentno, ns 79 crpan, xoropte ne
anann nnxaxoro ornera na oxymenr c 2002 no 2008 r., 61 crpana npecrannna,
no xpane mepe, ocnonnym nn]opmannm o cnonx ooponntx mxerax n
Hnrepnere, a 16 ns nnx ann noponym pasnnxy mxera no crartxm
2
.
Xorx cranaprnsnponannt oxymenr OOH, xora on nnepnte noxnnncx
n 1981 r., cran samerntm marom nnepe n ocrynnocrn anntx o noenntx
pacxoax, nocrenennoe coxpamenne uncna coomenn ntsnano osaouen-
nocrt mnornx rocyapcrn unenon OOH. Hmenno na +rom ]one, n orner na
conmecrnoe repmano-pymtncxoe npenoxenne or 2007 r., n noxpe 2010 r. t-
na cosana rpynna npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron, nepe xoropo tna no-
crannena saaua nepecmorpert mexannsm ]ynxnnonnponannx cranaprnsnpo-
nannoro oxymenra OOH n onpeennrt nanpannennx ero antnemero conep-
mencrnonannx. 3ro tn nepnt noont nepecmorp oxymenra, xoropt
ocranancx nourn nensmenntm co npemenn ero noxnnennx. Hent cocroxna n
ynpouennn n pacmnpennn yuacrnx n +rom mexannsme n n ero antnemem
conepmencrnonannn
3
. oxna rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron tn
npecrannen Ienepantnomy cexperapm OOH n nmne 2011 r.
B +rom pasene onnctnaercx cncrema oruernocrn OOH, npecrannent
renennnn oruernocrn sa nepno 20022011 rr. n npnnoxrcx coepxamnecx
n oxnae rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron or 2011 r. no cranaprnsn-
ponannomy oxymenry OOH pesyntrart n pexomenannn.


Cnc1eua o1ue1noc1n Oprannsannn Osennennmx Hannn

Cranaprnsnponannt oxymenr OOH nx coomennx anntx o noen-
ntx pacxoax tn paspaoran n 1980 r., nauan ]ynxnnonnponart n 1981 r. n

1
B exape 2011 r. pemennem Ienepantno accamnen OOH nasnanne oxymenra tno
nsmeneno na Oruer o noenntx pacxoax OOH. UN General Assembly Resolution 66/20, 2
Dec. 2011.
2
United Nations, Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), and SIPRI, Promoting Further
Openness and Transparency in Military Matters: An Assessment of the United Nations Standard-
ized Instrument for Reporting Military Expenditures, UNODA Occasional Papers no. 20 (United
Nations: New York, Nov. 2010), p. 16.
3
UN General Assembly Resolution 62/13, 5 Dec. 2007.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 199
naxonrcx no xonrponem Ynpannennx OOH no nonpocam pasopyxennx
(YBP)
4
. Kaxt ro Ienepantnt cexperapt OOH opamaercx nocpecrnom
nepantno nort xo ncem rocyapcrnam-unenam (n nacroxmee npemx nx na-
cunrtnaercx 193) c npocto coomnrt x 30 anpenx cneennx o cnonx noen-
ntx pacxoax sa camt nocnenn ]nnancont ro, no xoropomy nmemrcx
annte. Ocnonannem nx +roro sanpoca xnnxercx Pesonmnnx Ienepantno
Accamnen OOH, npnnxrax n 1980 r.
5
Hocneonarentno npnnnmanmnecx pas n
na roa pesonmnnn Ienepantno Accamnen OOH npnstnann rocyapcrna-
unent npoonxart coomart annte o noenntx pacxoax
6
.
OOH opamaercx xo ncem rocyapcrnam-unenam c npocto ncnontso-
nart n oruernocrn cranaprnsnponannt oxymenr OOH nx coomennx
anntx o noenntx pacxoax, xoropt tn paspaoran nmenno nx +ro nenn,
no onn moryr nocnontsonartcx n nmo nno ]opmo oruernocrn, npeno-
xenno pyrnmn mexynapontmn nnn pernonantntmn oprannsannxmn. B
coornercrnymmnx cnyuaxx rocyapcrno moxer npecrannrt nyneno oruer
oruer, ne coepxamn nnxaxnx anntx; raxne oruert otuno npecrannxmr-
cx crpanamn, ne nmemmnmn perynxpntx noopyxenntx cnn
7
.
Cranaprnsnponannt oxymenr OOH nmeer ]opmy marpnnt c nonxmn
nx coomennx o pacxoax no ]ynxnnxm (nanpnmep, nnunt cocran, +xcnnya-
rannx n ocnyxnnanne, saxynxn, crponrentcrno, nayuno-nccneonarentcxne n
ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxne paspaorxn, npnuem xaxax ns xareropn pasenena
na noxareropnn) n nnam noopyxenntx cnn (nanpnmep, noenno-nosymnte
cnnt, cyxonyrnte nocxa n noenno-mopcxo ]nor) n arpernponanntx cono-
xynntx anntx
8
. Pemnn, uro nexoropte crpant counn +ry marpnny cnnmxom
cnoxno, a raxxe c nentm noynrt ontmee uncno crpan npeocrannxrt or-
uernocrt, OOH n 2002 r. nnena antrepnarnnnym ynpomennym ]opmy oruer-
nocrn, n xoropo sanpamnnamrcx nnmt arpernponannte annte no nnam
noopyxenntx cnn o nnunom cocrane, +xcnnyarannn n saxynxam. Coomennte
annte nxnmuamrcx n exeront oruer Ienepantno Accamnen
9
.
Hent +roro oxymenra c roamn +nonmnnonnponana. Hepnonauantno
npenonaranoct ncnontsonart cncremy oruernocrn n xauecrne mara n nanpan-
nennn nocrenennoro coxpamennx noenntx mxeron
10
. B camo nocnene
pesonmnnn n xauecrne oocnonannx neoxonmocrn sanonnennx cranaprn-
snponannoro oxymenra ronopnnoct o rom, uro ynyumenne mexynapontx
ornomenn ]opmnpyer npounym ocnony nx nnxennx n nanpannennn ont-

4
UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), Military spending, <http://www.un.org/
disarmament/convarms/Milex/>.
5
UN General Assembly Resolution 35/142 B, 12 Dec. 1980.
6
Hocnene raxo pesonmnne xnnxercx Pesonmnnx Ienepantno Accamnen OOH 66/20
(cnocxa 1).
7
UN General Assembly Resolution 66/20 (cnocxa 1).
8
Cranaprnsnponannt oxymenr nmeercx na care Ynpannennx OOH no nonpocam
pasopyxennx, <http://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/Milex/Forms/>.
9
Camtm nocnennm oruerom xnnxercx: United Nations, General Assembly, Objective in-
formation on military matters, including transparency of military expenditures, Report of the Sec-
retary-General, A/66/117, 29 June 2011, and Addendum A/66/117/Add.1, 28 Sep. 2011.
10
Cm.: UNODA and SIPRI (cnocxa 2); n Omitoogun, W. and Skns, E., Military expenditure
data: a 40-year overview, SIPRI Yearbook 2006, pp. 276277, 286, 291.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 200
me orxptrocrn n rpancnapenrnocrn no ncex noenntx nonpocax [n] uro
rpancnapenrnocrt n noenntx nonpocax xnnxercx cymecrnenntm +nemenrom
cosannx xnnmara onepnx mexy rocyapcrnamn no ncem mnpe n uro ynyu-
menne cnryannn c nocrynnennem oexrnnno nn]opmannn no noenntm no-
npocam moxer nomout ocnanrt mexynaponym nanpxxennocrt n, cneona-
rentno, npecrannxer coo naxnt nxna n npeornpamenne xon]nnxron
11
.


Tenennnn n npeoc1annennn o1ue1noc1n o noennmx pacxoax
n 20022011 rr.

B nocnenne rot nanmanoct coxpamenne uncna coomenn no cran-
aprnsnponannomy oxymenry OOH (cm. ran. 4.6). uncno coomenn crpan
ymentmnnoct c ntcoxoro yponnx 81 n 2002 r. o 51 n 2011 r.

Tannna 4.6. Hncno c1pan, coomnnmnx o cnonx noennmx pacxoax
n Oprannsannm Osennennmx Hannn n 2002 n 20062011 rr.

2002 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

uncno crpan unenon OOH 191 192 192 192 192 192 193
Omee uncno o1ue1on
a
81 80 78 77 58 60 51
Cranaprnsnponannte oruert 70 54 48 53 42 41 38
Ynpomennte
b
. . 15 18 16 10 12 6
Hynente oruert
c
11 11 12 8 6 7 7
onx orneron (%) 42 42 41 40 30 31 26
Oruert ns crpan, ne xnnxmmnxcx 1 2 1
unenamn OOH
d

a
B xauecrne roon yxasant rot nanpannennx Ienepantntm cexperapem sanpocon
(npeentntm cpoxom nanpannennx sanpocon xnnxercx 30 anpenx cneymmero roa). annte
OOH sa 2011 r. nxnmuamr nce oruert, nocrynnnmne o 8 exapx 2011 r. Hexoropte crpant
mornn npncnart oruert n nosxe +ro art. B nroronte annte nxoxr nynente oruert.
b
Crpant, npncnanmne n OOH xax cranaprnsnponannte, rax n ynpomennte oruert, n nenxx
npeornpamennx nonoro cuera yunrtnamrcx xax npncnanmne cranaprnsnponannte oruert.
c
Hyneno oruer +ro onpocnt nncr, nosnpamennt n OOH ne sanonnenntm, xax
npannno, crpano, ne nmemme perynxpntx noopyxenntx cnn.
d
B pyrne annte oruert, nocrynnnmne ns crpan, ne xnnxmmnxcx unenamn OOH, ne
nxnmuent.
Hcmo:uuru: United Nations, General Assembly, Objective information on military matters,
including transparency of military expenditures, Reports of the Secretary-General, Various dates,
20022011, <http://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/Milex/>.

C 1980 r. xorx t onn pas npecrannnn coomenne 124 rocyapcrna
12
. 3a
nepno 20022011 rr. onx orneron na sanpoct OOH (nxnmuax nynente orue-
rt) cocrannxna 37%, no ona ynana o 31% n 2010 r. n o 26% n 2011 r. Perno-

11
UN General Assembly Resolution 66/20 (cnocxa 1).
12
UNODA and SIPRI (cnocxa 2), p. 2.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 201
nom c camo ntcoxo one orueron n 2011 r. tna Enpona, n ro npemx xax
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n A]pnxa nmenn camte nnsxne onn orneron
(cm. ran. 4.7)
13
.
B nexoroptx cnyuaxx rnanno npnunno nx orxasa coomart annte
moxer trt nonnrnuecxax uyncrnnrentnocrt noenntx pacxoon. Onaxo ona
ne moxer trt npnunno nx ontmnncrna crpan, xoropte ne npnctnamr
coomennx, nocxontxy mnorne ns nnx coomamr o cnonx noenntx mxerax
mexynapontm ]nnancontm yupexennxm nno pasmemamr ocrynnym nx
ncex xenammnx nn]opmannm o nnx n Hnrepnere.
Kax npannno, ontmnncrno crpan, xoropte nnxora ne orunrtnannct n
OOH no cranaprnsnponannomy oxymenry, cxnonnt pacxptnart xax-nno
nnaue rontxo ocnonnym nn]opmannm o noenntx pacxoax (nanpnmep, coo-
mart enncrnennym conoxynnym nn]py)
14
. Panntm opasom ror ]axr, uro
mnorne crpant ornernnn xorx t onn pas, sacrannxer npenoxnrt, uro onn
nmemr nosmoxnocrt n roronnocrt nocnart coomenne, no ncntrtnamr or-
cyrcrnne nonnrnuecxoro xenannx orneuart nocroxnno.


O1ue1 rpynnm npann1entc1nennmx +xcnep1on

B nmne 2011 r. oxna rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron no ]ynx-
nnonnponannm n antnememy conepmencrnonannm cranaprnsnponannoro
oxymenra OOH nx coomennx anntx o noenntx pacxoax tn npecran-
nen Ienepantnomy cexperapm OOH n Ienepantno Accamnee OOH
15
.
Ipynna npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron npenonoxnna, uro nnsxn yponent
oruernocrn no cranaprnsnponannomy oxymenry OOH n nexoroptx pernonax
moxer oxcnxrtcx neconocrannmocrtm nannonantntx cncrem yuera c oruerno
marpnne. Cpen pyrnx ]axropon ynomnnannct cnoxnocrt cranaprnsnponan-
no ]opmt oruernocrn; orcyrcrnne nonnrnuecxoro xenannx, sannrepeconanno-
crn nnn nosmoxnocrn; uyncrnnrentnocrt coomenn o noenntx pacxoax;
orcyrcrnne nonnmannx na ocrarouno ntcoxom nonnrnuecxom yponne.
B oxnae nouepxnnanact neoxonmocrt no nosmoxnocrn camoro mn-
poxoro yuacrnx n nepeaue cneenn o noenntx pacxoax, n +ro rpeonanne
nonnnxno na pexomenannn rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron. urot
nyume npncnoconrtcx x ocoennocrxm nannonantntx cncrem yuera n co-
ecrnonart yuacrnm n cncreme oruernocrn OOH n pacmnpxrt ero, rpynna
npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron ntpaorana omee nonnmanne noenntx pac-
xoon n cornaconana px nsmenenn cranaprnsnponanno n ynpomenno
]opm oruernocrn. Ona raxxe paspaorana ]opmy nx nynenoro oruera n npe-
noxnna nonoe nasnanne nx oxymenra oruernocrn. B coornercrnnn c corna-
conanntm omnm onpeenennem noennte pacxot no nnmn onxnt nonn-

13
O onxx orneron, nonyuenntx ns Harnncxo Amepnxn, cm.: Bromley, M. and Solmirano,
C., Transparency in Military Spending and Arms Acquisitions in Latin America and the Carib-
bean, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 31 (SIPRI: Stockholm, Jan. 2012).
14
UNODA and SIPRI (cnocxa 2), p. 22.
15
United Nations, General Assembly, Group of Governmental Experts on the Operation and
Further Development of the United Nations Standardized Instrument for Reporting Military Ex-
penditures, Note by the Secretary-General, A/66/89, 14 June 2011.

2
0
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B
O
E
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H
B
E

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X
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B

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,

2
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1

Tannna 4.7. Coomenne annmx o noennmx pacxoax n Oprannsannm Osennennmx Hannn
no pernonau n cypernonau n 2011 r.
Pernon/cypernon
Hncno
c1pan
C1panm, nanpannnmne o1ue1m n OOH
(nxnmuan nynenme o1ue1m)
H1oro
onn o1ne1on (n %)

Aqpura 54 2 4
Cenepnax A]pnxa 4 Tynnc
a
1
A]pnxa mxnee Caxapt 50 Fypxnna-uaco 1
A+epura 35 9 26
Henrpantnax Amepnxa n crpant 21 Cantnaop
b
, maxa
b
, Mexcnxa, Tpnnna n Toaro 4
Kapncxoro accena
Cenepnax Amepnxa 2 Kanaa, CBA 2
Rxnax Amepnxa 12 Aprenrnna, Fpasnnnx, Hepy 3
Asu u Oreauu 42 8 19
Henrpantnax n Rxnax Asnx 12 Kasaxcran 1
Bocrounax Asnx 5 nonnx, Rxnax Kopex
b
, 2
Oxeannx 14 Ancrpannx, Haypy
a
, Camoa
a
, Conomonont Ocrpona
a
4
Rro-Bocrounax Asnx 11 Manasnx
b
1
Eepona 48 31 65
Bocrounax Enpona 7 Apmennx
b
, Fenapyct, Poccnx 3
3ananax n Henrpantnax Enpona 41 Ancrpnx, Anannx
c
, Anoppa
a
, Focnnx n Iepneronnna
c
, Fonrapnx, uemcxax 28
Pecnynnxa
c,
3cronnx, unnnxnnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Hcnannx
a
,
Hpnannx, Harnnx, Hnrna, Maxeonnx (FRPM), Monaxo
a
, uepnoropnx
c
,
Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx
c
,
Cepnx
c
, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Bnenapnx, Typnnx
c
, Bennxopnrannx
B.u+uu u Cpeouu Bocmor 14 Hnnan
b
1 7
H1oro 193 51 26

a
3rn crpant npecrannnn nynente oruert.
b
3rn crpant npecrannnn oruert n ynpomenno ]opme.
c
3rn crpant npecrannnn or-
uert xax n ynpomenno, rax n n cranaprnsnponanno ]opme.
Hcmo:uuru: United Nations, General Assembly, Objective information on military matters, including transparency of military expenditures,
Report of the Secretary-General, A/66/117, 29 June 2011, n Addendum A/66/117/Add.1, 28 Sep. 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 203
martcx nce ]nnanconte pecypct, xoropte rocyapcrno rparnr na ncnontsona-
nne n ]ynxnnonnponanne cnonx noopyxenntx cnn
16
.
B oruere npenonaraercx, uro rocyapcrna onxnt nmert nosmoxnocrt
ntnpart nanonee npnemnemym nx nnx ]opmy oruernocrn (xorx cranaprn-
snponannym ]opmy cneyer no-npexnemy paccmarpnnart n xauecrne npenou-
rnrentno) n nx nao noompxrt ononnxrt nepeanaemym nmn nn]opmannm
oxcnennxmn, ononnnrentntmn marepnanamn n oxymenranne
17
. Yunrtnax,
uro ynpomennax nepcnx cranaprnsnponannoro oxymenra OOH cymecrnyer c
2002 r., manonepoxrno, uro +rn pexomenannn camn no cee npnneyr x ynenn-
uennm yuacrnx. Tem ne menee coepxamnmncx n oxnae pexomenannxmn,
xoropte moryr npnnecrn x nontmennm yuacrnx npn crporom cneonannn nm,
xnnxmrcx ynyumenne pexnamnponannx oxymenra Cexperapnarom OOH n
npenoxenne npaxrnuecxo nomomn rocyapcrnam-unenam, ne nmemmnm nos-
moxnocrn nepeanart annte
18
. Cosanne raxo nosmoxnocrn moxer npnnn-
mart pasnnunte ]opmt: oyuennx xnmuenoro nepconana, npeocrannennx
nnrepaxrnnntx oyuammnx naxeron n oxasannx noepxxn na mecrax
19
.
B oxnae rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron tna ormeuena nax-
nocrt ncnontsonannx nmemmnxcx n pacnopxxennn annapara OOH no pasopy-
xennm pecypcon nx nponnxennx cranaprnsnponannoro oxymenra OOH n
noranxnnannx onxnocrntx nnn ntcmero yponnx n Cexperapnare OOH x
onee axrnnnomy pacnpocrpanennm nn]opmannn ornocnrentno +roro oxy-
menra
20
. B xauecrne antneme nontrxn ynyumennx cnxsn mexy Cexpera-
pnarom n rocyapcrnamn-unenamn tno pexomenonano nxnmuart n nanno-
nantnte coomennx noponym nn]opmannm o rom, xax n c xem moxno xon-
raxrnponart na nannonantnom yponne
21
. Ipynna npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron
raxxe npnsnana x nepnonuecxomy nepecmorpy oxymenra c nentm oecneue-
nnx ero snaunmocrn n ecrnennocrn n npenoxnna sannannponart nponecrn
cneymmn nepecmorp uepes nxrt ner.
B oxnae tn cenan ntno o rom, uro npospaunocrt noenntx pacxoon
ocraercx cymecrnenntm +nemenrom nx ycranonnennx onepnx mexy rocy-
apcrnamn. Coepxamnecx n oxnae rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron
pexomenannn tnn es ronoconannx oopent Hepntm xomnrerom Iene-
pantno Accamnen OOH n sarem Ienepantno Accamnee OOH n nenom
22
.
Hpn +rom Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH nsmennna nanmenonanne oruernoro
oxymenra na Oruer o noenntx pacxoax Oprannsannn Oennenntx Ha-
nn. Hpnnnmax no nnnmanne pexomenannn oxnaa rpynnt npannrentcr-
nenntx +xcnepron or 2011 r., yer nmontrno nocmorpert, cmoxer nn n
nnxamne rot renennnx x ymentmennm uncna nocrynnnmnx coomenn
nsmennrtcx na npornnononoxnym.

16
United Nations (cnocxa 15), p. 21.
17
United Nations (cnocxa 15), p. 2.
18
United Nations (cnocxa 15), pp. 2324.
19
United Nations (cnocxa 15), p. 21.
20
United Nations (cnocxa 15), p. 15.
21
United Nations (cnocxa 15), p. 20.
22
United Nations, General Assembly, First Committee, Objective information on military
matters, including transparency of military expenditures, Draft resolution, A/C.1/66/L.35, 17 Oct.
2011; n UN General Assembly Resolution 66/20 (cnocxa 1).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 204
VII. AHHIE O BOEHHIX PACXOAX B 2002 2011 rr.

C+m HEPHO-uPHMAH, Onanane HCMAHH, Ho+nt KEHHH,
3nnsaer BHC, Kapnna COHMHPAHO n Xenen BHHAH

Cneymmne nnxe rannnt coepxar annte o noenntx pacxoax n me-
crntx nanmrax n rexymnx nenax (ran. 4.8), n onn. CBA n nocroxnntx ne-
nax n no omenntm xypcam 2010 r. (ran. 4.9) n xax onn n nanonom nnyrpen-
nem npoyxre (ran. 4.10) no 166 crpanam, oxnauenntm aso anntx
CHHPH o noenntx pacxoax, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/milex />.
Ocnonnax nent copa n anannsa anntx o noenntx pacxoax cocronr n rom,
urot nonyunrt narnxnoe npecrannenne o macmraax pecypcon, norpauenntx
na noennte nenn. Boennte pacxot noxasarent oema nnoxenntx pecypcon,
xoropt ne cnxsan nenocpecrnenno c raxnmn xoneuntmn pesyntraramn exrent-
nocrn n noenno c]epe, xax noennt norennnan nnn esonacnocrt, oecneunnae-
max noopyxenntmn cnnamn. onro- n xparxocpounte nsmenennx n nnamnxe no-
enntx pacxoon moryr cnnerentcrnonart o nepemenax n noenno exrentnocrn n
ee pesyntrarax, no raxoro poa ntnot cneyer enart c ocropoxnocrtm.
annte no crpanam o nx noenntx pacxoax n mecrno nanmre (ran. 4.8)
cnyxar nepnnuntmn anntmn nx ncex pyrnx rannn. 3rn annte npnnoxrcx
n nenxx nontmennx rpancnapenrnocrn n nponeennx conocrannenn c anntmn,
nmemmnmncx n o]nnnantntx n pyrnx ncrounnxax. annte n nocroxnntx ne-
nax n onnapax CBA npnneent nx nponeennx npemenntx conocrannenn
(ran. 4.9) n pacuera mnpontx, pernonantntx n npounx conoxynntx anntx
(cm. ran. 4.1). annte n rexymnx nenax n onnapax CBA sa 2011 r. npnneent
n nenxx mexynapontx conocrannenn mexy crpanamn (ran. 4.9) n pernona-
mn (ran. 4.1). annte n rexymnx nenax n onnapax CBA raxxe oneruamr co-
nocrannennx c pyrnmn +xonomnuecxnmn noxasarenxmn, xoropte uacro ntpaxe-
nt n rexymnx nenax n onnapax CBA. annte o noenntx pacxoax n nne onn
n BBH (ran. 4.10) npnneent n xauecrne nnnxaropa onn nannonantntx pe-
cypcon, ncnontsyemtx na noennte nenn, r. e. n xauecrne noxasarenx +xonomnue-
cxoro pemenn noenntx pacxoon noennoro pemenn.
Hepecuer n onnapt CBA n nocroxnntx nenax tn nponsneen na oc-
none ptnountx omenntx xypcon. Hocxontxy ncnontsyemtm sect asncntm
room nx nepecuera n onnapt CBA n nocroxnntx nenax xnnxercx 2010 ro,
annte n ran. 4.9 cymecrnenno ornnuamrcx or anntx n Exeronnxe
CHHPH 2011, re sa asncnt tn npnnxr 2009 r.
annte o noenntx pacxoax ns pasnnuntx nsann Exeronnxa CHHPH
ne cneyer oennxrt, noromy uro crarncrnuecxne pxt nenpeptnno nepe-
cmarpnnamrcx n ononnxmrcx, nocxontxy noxnnxmrcx nonte n onee rounte
annte. Taxne nepecmorpt ocoenno xapaxrepnt nx camtx nocnennx ner,
nocxontxy cneennx o accnrnonanntx mxerntx ]nnancontx cpecrnax
samenxmrcx anntmn o ]axrnuecxnx pacxoax. Hpnunno nepecmorpa pxon,
npnneenntx n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax, moxer raxxe crart ne-
pecmorp +xonomnuecxo crarncrnxn, xoropax ncnontsyercx nx +rnx pacue-
ron. Fasa anntx CHHPH o noenntx pacxoax nxnmuaer nocneonarentnte
pxt c 1988 r. no ontmnncrny crpan.
antnemne npnmeuannx n ncrounnxn n merot pacuera anntx cney-
mr sa rannnamn.

B
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E
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H
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E

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Tannna 4.8. Boennme pacxom no c1panau, n uec1non nanm1e n 20022011 rr.
annte npnnoxrcx n mecrno nanmre, n rexymnx nenax n sa ]nnanconte rot (xnnaptexapt, ecnn ne yxasano nnoe).
Crpant crpynnnponant no pernonam n cypernonam.
C1pana Banm1a 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Aqpnxa
Ceeepua Aqpura
Anxnp
1
mnp nnapon 168 171 202 214 225 273 334 384 422 631
Hnnnx
2
mnn nnapon 575 700 894 904 807 807 1346 . . . . . .
Mapoxxo mnn npxemon 16254 17418 17182 18006 18775 19730 22824 24615 26605 27042
Tynnc mnn nnapon 491 525 554 608 662 629 713 763 [805] [864]
Aqpura m+uee Caxapi
Anrona
||3
mnp xnansa 19.1 50.0 68.3 119 158 156 237 263 322 342
Fennn mnn ]panxon 18122 20077 22072 [24677] [25601] . . [30330] . . . . . .
Forcnana
a
mnn nyna 1451 1503 1464 1446 1642 1961 2372 2359 2400 2581
Fypxnna-uaco

mnn ]panxon 24666 25571 30289 33649 37081 45616 55089 51948 61491 65744
Fypynn mnp ]panxon 41.8 47.0 49.4 53.6 46.0 50.1 52.0 . . . . . .
Kamepyn

mnp ]panxon 52.0 110 117 118 134 142 155 162 175 164
Kao-Bepe mnn +cxyo 530 565 573 614 614 640 646 667 690 768
HAP
4
mnn ]panxon 7445 8729 7979 8121 . . 9160 14111 16995 25549 . .
ua
5
mnp ]panxon 23.9 23.8 26.7 29.3 . . 187 274 206 [112] [114]
Konro, PK
6
mnp ]panxon . . 31.9 55.0 78.3 96.0 106 89.5 99.1 166 220
Konro, Pecnynnxa

mnn ]panxon 35035 38728 40050 41954 44070 50849 63420 . . 66168 . .
Kor-'Hnyap
7
mnp ]panxon . . 124 133 132 140 155 165 198 192 169
xnyrn mnn ]panxon 5909 7422 6639 7970 [8800] 6135 6447 . . . . . .
3xnaropnantnax mnn ]panxon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Innnex
3pnrpex mnn nax]a 2104 2520 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3]nonnx
b
mnn tppon 2341 2452 2920 3009 3005 3453 4000 4000 4581 6500
Iaon
8
mnp ]panxon 66.0 63.0 65.0 60.0 58.0 (59.0) . . . . 62.0 . .
Iamnx
9
mnn anacn 45.0 57.0 58.0 85.3 78.2 113 . . . . . . . .
Iana
||10
mnn cen 29.3 46.2 50.7 58.2 69.4 118 120 159 179 149

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H
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1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 8
C1pana Banm1a 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Innnex
11
mnp ]panxon 194 167 182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Innnex-Fncay
||
mnn ]panxon 4435 4362 . . 6391 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kennx
b
mnn mnnnnnron 17430 19921 21219 26652 27540 39062 41209 48520 46968 [44720]
Hecoro
a
mnn manorn 209 207 202 218 245 292 204 468 534 374
Hnepnx
b
mnn onnapon . . 104 401 321 126 220 518 336 866 . .
Maaracxap
||12
mnp apnapn 78.9 89.8 102 108 116 154 176 139 119 146
Manann
a
mnn xnaua 1186 1309 2752 4452 [5525] [5923] . . . . . . . .
Mann
13
mnp ]panxon 45.8 51.6 54.5 63.2 68.9 75.6 77.3 [82.3] [87.7] [91.7]
Manpnrannx

mnp yrn 9.9 16.4 18.6 17.7 22.0 . . 29.4 30.1 . . . .


Manpnxn
14
mnn pynn 299 308 293 349 337 392 481 . . / 444 290
Mosamnx
||
mnn mernxane 1267 1422 1753 1436 1459 1773 2034 2320 . . . .
Hamnnx
a15
mnn onnapon 935 994 1107 1260 1382 1683 2372 2593 3015 3126
Hnrep mnp ]panxon 14.4 14.3 16.7 17.3 . . . . 24.0 . . 23.4 . .
Hnrepnx mnp napa 108 75.9 85.0 88.5 99.9 122 192 224 299 369
Pyana
16
mnp ]panxon 24.3 24.3 23.8 25.1 30.1 30.4 37.0/ 64.2 44.1 46.4
Ceneran

mnn ]panxon 51829 56293 56819 65619 77678 92407 97116 98111 98838 . .
Cementcxne mnn pynn 64.1 66.1 87.6 81.0 79.3 102 105 118 108 116
Ocrpona
Cteppa-Heone mnp neone 57.0 66.8 62.0 68.1 [83.7] [88.0] [70.3] [89.7] [98.2] [112]
Comann mnnnnnrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rxnax A]pnxa
a
mnn panon [19571] [21254] 21326 24880 25102 27764 30644 34376 33748 38223
Rxnt Cyan
17
mnn ]ynron . . . . . . . . 1198 1185 1874 1404 1121 1600
Cyan
||18
mnn ]ynron 1276 1039 3200 2838 3338 . . . . . . . . . .
Cnasnnen
a19
mnn +mananrenn 202 255 283 410 392 451 [584] [942] [895] [895]
Tansannx
b
mnp mnnnnnron 125 135 143 172 197 217 247 332 373 430
Toro mnn ]panxon . . 16757 16757 17532 . . . . 25529 . . 28148 27849
Yrana
b
mnp mnnnnnron 267 331 379 393 407 549 [696] [583] [638] [638]
3amnx mnp xnaua . . . . [490] 626 747 596 1120 1068 1326 1486
3nmane
20
mnn onnapon/ 37.3 136 1300 2942 (26604) (22700) . . . . ||| 98.3 153
mnn onnapon CBA
Auepnxa
Heumpa.iua A+epura u cmpaui Kapuocroeo oacceua
Fenns
a
mnn onnapon 15.8 17.6 19.4 22.1 25.4 28.2 40.5 32.5 30.1 31.8

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2
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Kocra-Pnxa
21
xonont
Kya
22
mnn neco . . 1259 1303 1640 1695 1876 2004 2083 . . . .
omnnnxancxax mnn neco 5056 4804 6436 8305 8621 9153 11629 11587 13239 13006
Pecnynnxa
Cantnaop
23
mnn onn. CBA 204 166 162 170 185 200 209 215 224 [222]
Inaremana mnn xernane 1239 1420 913 798 993 1043 1259 1203 1368 1555
Ianrn
a
rypt
Ionypac
24
mnn nemnnpa [1045] [1426] [1103] [1179] 1428 1813 2503 2963 3216 3502
maxa
a
mnn onnapon 2936 3244 3368 3804 5100 6005 10677 9896 8992 . .
Mexcnxa mnn neco [33598] [35014] 35314 39467 44496 52235 54977 64348 68411 74792
Hnxaparya
25
mnn xopoon 496 533 520 655 728 826 849 946 948 1227
Hanama antoa
Ceeepua A+epura
Kanaa
a
mnn onnapon 13379 14143 14951 16001 17066 19255 21100 21828 24460 [24495]
CBA
26
mnn onnapon 356720 415223 464676 503353 527660 556961 621138 668604 698281 711421
Rxnax Amepnxa
Aprenrnna
27
mnn neco 3413 3988 4285 4935 5643 7109 8769 11063 13541 [13541]
Fonnnnx
28
mnn onnnnanon 1153 1331 1343 1368 1441 1740 2371 2431 2300 2438
Fpasnnnx mnn peaen 28353 25922 28700 33134 36117 40898 46500 52322 60481 59228
unnn
29
mnp neco 1691 1749 2032 2253 2610 2766 3143 2966 3357 [3889]
Konymnx
30
mnp neco 8383 9434 10664 11405 12577 14082 17810 19496 19787 20197
3xnaop mnn onn. CBA 505 739 710 954 950 1310 1646 1949 2094 2308
Iaana
31
mnn onnapon 2625 2697 2791 3148 3267 4300 5289 5798 5862 6101
Haparna
32
mnp ryapann 288 294 364 347 431 476 537 610 730 1054
Hepy
33
mnn nontx cone 2982 3092 3397 3820 4011 3918 4057 5157 5532 5777
Ypyrna
34
mnn neco 7321 7815 8269 8847 9723 10106 12422 14682 15807 17417
Benecy+na
||35
mnn onnnapon 1244 1588 2740 4292 6436 6377 9286 8631 8683 10229
Asnn n Oxeannn
Heumpa.iua u P+ua Asu
A]ranncran
36
mnn a]rann . . [5622] [5404] 5544 6358 11506 11471 12783 29571 43273
Fanrnaem
b
mnn raxa 34190 38110 41150 44860 53980 59510 62600 87590 93180 119510
Hnnx
a37
mnp pynn 722 774 965 1035 1102 1190 1518 1993 2146 2330
Kasaxcran mnp renre 37.7 47.5 58.0 78.7 100 167 185 188 221 [263]
Ktprtscran
38
mnn comon 2055 2408 2688 3105 3606 4807 6423 7080 9270 . .

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B
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V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 8
C1pana Banm1a 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Henan
b
mnn pynn 7420 8255 10996 11745 11136 11389 14712 17811 19491 19101
Haxncran
b 39
mnp pynn 195 220 244 281 292 327 376 448 517 568
Bpn-Hanxa mnp pynn [54.7] [52.3] 62.7 64.7 82.2 117 164 175 170 172
Taxnxncran mnn comonn 70.7 107 134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typxmenncran manart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ysexncran
40
mnp cymon 44.5 53.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bocmo:ua Asu
Knra
41
mnp mane [262] [288] [331] [379] [452] [546] [638] [764] [820] [923]
nonnx
a 42
mnp en 4956 4953 4893 4870 4812 4747 4769 4815 4790 4775
KHP
43
mnp nonon (3.3) (50.8) (54.4) (64.5) (67.1) (68.5) (71.3) (76.3) (82.6) (90.0)
Rxnax Kopex
44
mnp nonon [17643] [18884] [20421] 22694 24039 25765 28733 31121 31876 34113
Monronnx mnn ryrpnxon 28071 27899 32891 35914 46232 66200 77817 54110 74443 103060
Tanant mnp onnapon 225 238 253 248 235 256 282 298 287 286
Oreauu
Ancrpannx
b
mnn onnapon 14739 15873 16748 17921 19899 21179 23249 25372 25250 26560
unxn
45
mnn onnapon 67.6 70.7 81.1 72.9 93.6 122 85.4 100 97.0 . .
Honax 3enannx
b
mnn onnapon 1419 1518 1528 1645 1807 1875 2083 2201 2254 2284
HanyaHonax mnn xnna 66.3 68.8 78.7 94.2 93.7 112 100 118 116 145
Innnex
46

Peo-Bocmo:ua Asu
Fpyne-apyc- mnn onnapon 405 530 / 308 449 472 492 520 505 542 514
canam
47

Kamoxa mnp pnene 265 270 272 289 328 373 438 837 733 781
Hnonesnx
48
mnp pynn [14308] [19876] [21712] 20829 23923 30611 31349 34333 42392 49984
Haoc mnp xnnon (115) (115) (121) (125) (135) (140) (150) (119) (134) . .
Manasnx mnn pnnrrnron 8504 10950 10728 11817 11981 13649 14717 13974 12429 14037
Mtxnma
a49
mnp xnxron 76.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
unnnnnnnt
50
mnp neco [61.9] 70.5 [69.7] 75.6 82.5 93.0 101 101 110 105
Cnnranyp
a
mnn onnapon 8204 8238 8620 9252 9268 10009 10726 11043 11455 12075
Tannan mnp aron 77.2 79.9 74.1 78.1 85.1 115 142 168 154 168
Bocrount Tnmop
51
mnn onn. CBA . . . . 6.6 9.8 24.4 / [11.5] 23.7 36.5 30.8 27.3
Bternam mnp onron . . 13058 14409 16278 20577 28735 34848 40981 49739 55100

B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B
































2
0
9
Enpona
Bocmo:ua Eepona
Apmennx
52
mnp pamon 36.8 44.3 52.3 64.4 78.3 95.8 121 131 148 [154]
Asepaxan
||53
mnn manaron [136] [173] [224] 288 641 812 1321 1184 1185 2452
Fenapyct mnp pyne 366 475 679 975 1355 1603 1887 1887 2287 2977
Ipysnx
54
mnn napn 74.6 91.5 135 388 720 1556 1625 1008 810 [718]
Monona
55
mnn neen 94.7 115 116 151 216 276 383 277 227 245
Poccnx
56
mnp pyne [470] [568] [656] [806] [967] [1144] [1448] [1693] [1781] [2112]
Yxpanna

mnn rpnnen 6266 7615 8963 12328 15082 20685 25341 [26077] [29445] [32496]
3anaoua u Heumpa.iua Eepona
Anannx
57
mnn nexon 8220 9279 10373 11000 13831 17619 21450 23633 19749 19865
Ancrpnx mnn enpo 1999 2111 2158 2160 2105 2557 2558 2495 2652 [2577]
Fentrnx mnn enpo 3344 3434 3433 3400 3434 3773 4298 4048 3951 4016
Focnnx-Iepnero- mnn mapox 501 351 315 273 278 279 311 341 325 346
nnna
58

Fonrapnx
59
mnn nenon [947] [986] 1025 1101 1171 1475 1388 1355 1320 1112
Xopnarnx
60
mnn xyn [5775] [4757] 4250 4323 4959 5251 6396 5966 5587 [5832]
Knnp
||
mnn enpo [253] [255] 271 302 304 295 310 339 361 385
uemcxax mnn xpon 48924 53194 52481 58445 55358 54949 49827 51824 47706 43874
Pecnynnxa
61

annx mnn xpon 21269 21075 21441 20800 23173 22731 24410 23252 25328 26091
3cronnx
||62
mnn enpo 130 152 165 214 251 325 346 314 249 [266]
unnnxnnx mnn enpo 1712 2006 2131 2206 2281 2203 2468 2591 2567 2856
upannnx
63
mnn enpo 38681 40684 42690 42545 43457 44273 45063 48146 44619 44900
Iepmannx mnn enpo 31168 31060 30610 30600 30365 31090 32824 34166 34032 [33563]
Ipennx mnn enpo 5030 4462 5048 5652 6064 6235 7219 7612 [5407] [5855]
Benrpnx mnp ]opnnron 280 314 311 319 297 326 321 299 281 [279]
Hcnannx
64
mnn xpon 688 1227 . . . .
Hpnannx mnn enpo 862 855 887 921 949 1003 1081 1019 962 935
Hrannx
65
mnn enpo 25887 26795 27476 26959 26631 [26275] [28156] [27578] [26827] [24772]
Harnnx mnn naron 91.0 108 124 154 206 247 280 184 138 148
Hnrna
66
mnn nnron 885 967 [936] [1040] [1174] [1355] [1571] 1251 1068 [1100]
Hmxcemypr mnn enpo 163 176 189 196 197 209 . . . . . . . .
Maxeonnx, mnn enapon 6841 6292 6683 6259 6149 7272 7229 7000 6044 5860
FRPM
67

Mantra
||
mnn enpo 28.7 30.0 32.5 42.3 35.3 35.8 38.3 42.6 44.3 45.6

2
1
0
















B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Oxonuanne rannnt 4. 8
C1pana Banm1a 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
uepnoropnx
68
mnn enpo . . . . . . . . [49.7] 46.9 58.1 55.2 56.8 63.1
Hnepnant mnn enpo 7149 7404 7552 7693 8145 8388 8448 8733 8514 8459
Hopnernx mnn xpon 32461 31985 32945 31471 32142 34439 35932 38960 38621 [43395]
Hontma
69
mnn snortx 15407 16141 17479 19078 20541 23774 [22190] [24701] [26475] [28757]
Hopryrannx mnn enpo 2765 2755 2996 3248 3242 3190 3285 3463 3640 [3353]
Pymtnnx
||
mnn neen 3491 4151 4994 5757 6324 6358 7558 6785 6630 6540
Cepnx
70
mnn nnapon 43695 42070 43154 41996 47342 56792 61944 63841 65683 69604
Cnonaxnx
||
mnn enpo 662 762 762 848 898 929 994 967 853 760
Cnonennx
||
mnn enpo 328 360 396 413 485 506 566 575 583 514
Hcnannx mnn enpo 8414 8587 9132 9508 11506 12219 12756 12196 11132 10898
Bnennx mnn xpon 42401 42903 40527 41240 41150 43163 39710 38751 42423 [44240]
Bnenapnx
71
mnn ]panxon 4493 4404 4357 4339 4174 4231 4439 4413 4292 4827
Typnnx
||
mnn nnp 13641 15426 15568 16232 19260 19528 21847 24873 26527 29934
Bennxopnrannx
a
mnn ]ynron 26991 29338 29524 30603 31454 33486 36431 37425 37645 39606
Bnnannn n Cpennn Boc1ox
Faxpen
72
mnn nnapon 150 175 180 183 203 222 248 287 292 330
Ernner
b
mnn ]ynron 13333 14563 14804 15933 17922 19350 21718 22831 25397 25480
Hpan
a 73
mnp pnanon 19648 33998 45893 65208 78611 70460 (58135) . . . . . .
Hpax
74
mnp nnapon . . . . (892) (1649) (1814) (2437) 3428 3473 4190 (6839)
Hspannt
75
mnn mexene [51577] [51989] [49480] [48264] [52518] [51251] [51481] [53656] [53251] [58827]
Hopannx mnn nnapon 370 434 416 428 497 732 952 997 971 971
Kyner
a
mnn nnapon 882 950 1039 1020 1059 1219 1195 1249 1388 1613
Hnnan mnp ]ynron 1368 1392 1439 [1451] [1521] [1737] 1763 2150 [2461] [2644]
Oman
76
mnn pnanon 958 1010 1144 1404 1550 1663 1775 1726 1882 1650
Karap
77
mnn pnxnon 3324 3428 3374 3901 4610 6391 9234 . . . . . .
Cayoncxax mnp pnxnon 69.4 70.3 78.4 95.1 111 133 143 155 170 182
Apannx
78

Cnpnx
79
mnp ]ynron 55.3 67.1 70.2 75.7 74.9 82.7 86.8 101 109 120
Oennennte mnn npxamon [22775] [24645] [27951] [27626] [30551] [36443] [49294] [57929] [58987] . .
Apacxne 3mnpart
80
Hemen mnp pnxnon 130 148 136 156 162 209 239 . . . . . .

Hpu+e:auue: cm. nocne ran. 4.10.

B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B
































2
1
1
Tannna 4.9. Boennme pacxom no c1panau n onnapax CmA n noc1onnnmx nenax n 20022011 rr. n n onnapax CmA
n 1exymnx nenax n 2011 r.
annte sa 20022011 rr. npnnoxrcx n mnnnnonax onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax n no omenntm xypcam 2010 r., a n xpanem
npanom cronne (nomeuennom snaxom*) sa 2011 r. n mnnnnonax onnapax CBA n rexymnx nenax. annte ornocxrcx x xanenapntm
roam, sa ncxnmuennem CBA, nx xoroptx onn npnneent sa ]nnanconte rot. Crpant crpynnnponant no pernonam n cypernonam
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
Aqpnxa
Ceeepua Aqpura
Anxnp
1
3022 2957 3364 3521 3609 4235 4934 5359 5671 8170 8665
Hnnnx
2
557 693 905 892 785 738 1116 . . . . . . . .
Mapoxxo 2232 2364 2298 2385 2408 2479 2766 2953 3161 3186 3342
Tynnc 457 475 484 521 542 498 539 556 [563] [583] [614]
Aqpura m+uee Caxapi
Anrona
3
1354 1788 1702 2411 2832 2484 3363 3272 3501 3281 3647
Fennn 46.8 51.1 55.7 [59.1] [59.1] . . [64.0] . . . . . . . .
Forcnana 411 396 366 332 327 361 386 372 352 344 371
Fypxnna-uaco

62.0 63.0 74.9 78.2 84.2 104 113 104 124 129 139
Fypynn 75.1 78.3 74.4 71.1 59.3 59.7 49.9 . . . . . . . .
Kamepyn

246 264 281 277 301 316 327 331 354 321 347
Kao-Bepe 7.7 8.1 8.4 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.8 9.7
HAP
4
19.5 22.0 20.5 20.3 . . 21.2 29.9 34.8 51.6 . . . .
ua
5
56.5 57.3 67.9 69.0 . . 447 595 406 [226] [226] [242]
Konro, PK
6
. . 124 206 242 263 248 178 135 184 211 239
Konro, Pecnynnxa

96.1 107 108 110 108 122 141 . . 134 . . . .


Kor-'Hnyap
7
. . 300 317 303 314 342 343 407 388 325 357
xnyrn 46.3 57.1 49.5 57.6 [61.5] 40.8 38.3 . . . . . . . .
3xnaropnantnax Innnex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3pnrpex 534 522 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3]nonnx 520 427 464 459 414 380 303 300 298 286 328
Iaon
8
160 149 153 137 134 (130) . . . . 125 . . . .
Iamnx
9
2.8 3.0 2.7 3.8 3.4 4.6 . . . . . . . . . .
Iana
10
63.5 79.0 77.0 76.8 82.6 127 111 123 125 96.0 97.5
Innnex
11
137 107 98.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
1
2
















B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 9
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
Innnex-Fncay 10.7 10.9 . . 15.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kennx 518 523 516 544 538 602 575 589 603 [507] [516]
Hecoro 45.9 43.2 40.3 41.1 43.3 47.1 34.3 56.8 70.7 53.9 57.0
Hnepnx . . . . 4.3 10.6 4.9 4.1 4.0 7.4 8.5 . . . .
Maaracxap
12
79.9 92.1 91.7 82.2 79.3 95.5 100 72.6 56.9 63.8 72.0
Manann 16.6 17.0 28.6 41.7 [47.7] [49.0] . . . . . . . . . .
Mann
13
109 125 136 148 159 172 161 [168] [177] [180] [194]
Manpnrannx

61.8 97.9 101 85.3 99.7 . . 116 116 . . . . . .


Manpnxn
14
14.5 14.9 14.1 14.3 14.0 13.7 15.0 . . 14.4 8.8 10.1
Mosamnx 80.3 79.4 86.9 66.4 59.6 67.0 69.7 76.9 . . . . . .
Hamnnx
15
203 200 212 235 247 275 341 362 397 403 427
Hnrep 36.2 36.6 42.6 40.9 . . . . 51.0 . . 47.2 . . . .
Hnrepnx 1795 1105 1077 951 991 1151 1616 1695 1990 2215 2410
Pyana
16
84.6 78.9 68.9 66.6 73.4 68.0 71.6 75.1 74.5 74.0 75.4
Ceneran

122 133 134 152 176 198 196 201 200 . . . .
Cementcxne Ocrpona 10.6 10.6 13.5 12.4 12.2 14.8 11.2 9.5 8.9 9.4 9.3
Cteppa-Heone 35.3 38.5 31.3 30.6 [34.4] [32.4] [22.5] [26.3] [24.7] [23.9] [26.0]
Comann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rxnax A]pnxa [3982] [4165] 4202 4576 4565 4611 4566 4763 4631 4827 5108
Rxnt Cyan
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Cyan
18
1152 881 2507 2049 2248 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cnasnnen
19
44.2 51.5 56.8 74.4 74.0 75.3 [84.5] [122] [124] [115] [123]
Tansannx 169 153 156 168 184 193 196 218 250 253 255
Toro . . 42.2 42.1 41.2 . . . . 53.5 . . 56.8 54.6 59.0
Yrana 215 232 265 266 257 289 [336] [305] [280] [247] [253]
3amnx . . . . [202] 218 238 172 287 242 276 285 306
3nmane
20
118 92.4 196 132 107 . . . . . . ||| 98.3 147 153
Auepnxa
Heumpa.iua A+epura u cmpaui Kapuocroeo oacceua
Fenns 9.7 10.3 11.1 12.1 13.3 14.6 18.7 17.4 15.3 15.4 15.7
Kocra-Pnxa
21


B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B
































2
1
3
Kya
22
. . 297 62.0 78.1 75.9 82.7 88.3 91.8 . . . . . .
omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa 376 280 248 307 296 296 340 334 359 325 341
Cantnaop
23
270 215 201 202 211 218 214 218 224 [211] [222]
Inaremana 255 277 166 134 156 154 165 155 170 182 200
Ianrn
Ionypac
24
[97.3] [123] [88.2] [86.7] 99.5 118 146 164 170 170 185
maxa 81.6 85.0 78.9 75.7 90.1 99.8 135 130 106 . . . .
Mexcnxa [3759] [3747] 3610 3880 4221 4766 4772 5304 5414 5723 6022
Hnxaparya
25
46.2 47.2 42.4 48.7 49.6 50.7 43.4 46.7 44.4 53.2 54.7
Hanama
Ceeepua A+epura
Kanaa 15078 15354 15935 16636 17410 18980 20454 21389 23109 [23082] [24659]
CBA
26
432452 492200 536459 562039 570769 585749 629095 679574 698281 689591 711421
P+ua A+epura
Aprenrnna
27
1756 1808 1861 1955 2015 2333 2650 3146 3476 [3167] [3295]
Fonnnnx
28
256 286 276 267 270 300 358 355 328 316 352
Fpasnnnx 26477 21101 21917 23677 24772 27067 29125 31244 34384 31576 35360
unnn
29
4298 4324 4971 5350 5993 6083 6359 5901 6579 [7392] [8040]
Konymnx
30
6606 6939 7406 7541 7973 8458 9997 10503 10422 10290 10957
3xnaop 713 967 904 1187 1147 1546 1792 2018 2094 2209 2308
Iaana
31
20.8 20.1 19.9 21.0 20.5 24.0 27.3 29.1 28.8 28.3 29.9
Haparna
32
108 96.9 115 103 116 119 122 135 154 206 250
Hepy
33
1305 1323 1402 1552 1598 1533 1501 1853 1958 1978 2098
Ypyrna
34
706 631 612 625 646 621 708 781 788 803 902
Benecy+na
35
2624 2555 3622 4892 6454 5388 5969 4314 3363 3115 2385
Asnn n Oxeannn
Heumpa.iua u P+ua Asu
A]ranncran
36
. . [186] [191] 173 188 275 242 305 576 781 878
Fanrnaem 861 864 881 893 961 1011 999 1166 1298 1367 1436
Hnnx
37
26658 27253 31657 33690 33962 34374 38987 45903 46086 44282 48889
Kasaxcran 507 600 686 865 1012 1523 1446 1364 1502 [1648] [1794]
Ktprtscran
38
83.6 95.1 102 113 124 150 161 166 202 . . . .
Henan

164 183 218 241 226 210 219 244 255 241 259
Haxncran
39
4822 5149 5365 5572 5636 5660 5342 5504 5661 5685 6282

2
1
4
















B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 9
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
Bpn-Hanxa [1057] [950] 1059 980 1132 1386 1587 1640 1500 1403 1557
Taxnxncran 36.7 47.5 55.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typxmenncran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ysexncran
40
66.3 70.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bocmo:ua Asu
Knra
41
[47800] [52000] [57500] [64700] [76100] [87700] [96700] [116700] [121100] [129300] [142900]
nonnx
42
55938 56053 55541 55330 54637 53885 53159 54339 54526 54529 59327
KHP
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rxnax Kopex
44
[19521] [20185] [21072] 22791 23622 24689 26297 27708 27572 28280 30799
Monronnx 44.5 42.1 45.8 44.4 54.4 71.4 67.1 43.9 54.9 69.5 81.4
Tanant 7829 8293 8680 8300 7824 8380 8932 9500 9067 8888 9717
Oreauu
Ancrpannx 16777 17083 17788 18413 19400 20591 21341 22938 23221 22955 26706
unxn
45
48.9 49.1 54.8 48.1 60.3 74.8 48.7 55.1 50.6 . . . .
Honax 3enannx 1260 1291 1306 1319 1390 1445 1496 1590 1606 1566 1792
HanyaHonax Innnex
46
37.7 34.1 38.2 44.9 43.7 51.8 41.8 46.0 42.5 49.1 61.1
Peo-Bocmo:ua Asu
Fpyne-apyccanam
47
318 332 262 318 357 370 381 374 391 373 414
Kamoxa 104 105 102 102 109 115 108 208 175 177 192
Hnonesnx
48
[2866] [3736] [3841] 3336 3387 4073 3800 3971 4663 5220 5709
Haoc (24.3) (21.0) (19.9) (19.3) (19.5) (19.3) (19.3) (15.3) (16.3) . . . .
Manasnx 3178 4052 3910 4183 4094 4571 4674 4413 3859 4223 4587
Mtxnma
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
unnnnnnnt
50
[2071] 2282 [2127] 2145 2202 2414 2391 2322 2438 2225 2417
Cnnranyp 6931 6999 7132 7576 7640 7935 7998 8264 8323 8302 9475
Tannan 3079 3131 2825 2846 2966 3908 4600 5485 4846 5114 5521
Bocrount Tnmop
51
. . . . 4.5 11.1 22.1 [27.8] 25.4 39.0 30.8 24.3 27.3
Bternam . . 1366 1399 1459 1718 2215 2182 2397 2672 2487 2675

B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B
































2
1
5
Enpona
Bocmo:ua Eepona
Apmennx
52
145 167 184 226 267 313 363 378 395 [384] [414]
Asepaxan
53
[332] [414] [502] 587 1205 1311 1764 1558 1476 2794 3104
Fenapyct 333 337 408 531 689 752 771 682 768 709 598
Ipysnx
54
71.7 83.9 117 311 529 1047 994 606 454 [371] [426]
Monona
55
16.5 18.0 16.1 18.7 23.8 27.0 33.2 24.0 18.3 18.4 20.8
Poccnx
56
[35780] [38064] [39599] [43190] [47264] [51275] [56892] [59565] [58644] [64123] [71853]
Yxpanna

2009 2320 2505 3034 3404 4137 4048 [3594] [3710] [3747] [4078]
3anaoua u Heumpa.iua Eepona
Anannx
57
96.0 108 118 122 150 186 219 235 190 185 197
Ancrpnx 3068 3195 3201 3132 3008 3577 3467 3365 3513 [3305] [3589]
Fentrnx 5223 5279 5169 4981 4942 5333 5814 5479 5233 5136 5593
Focnnx n Iepneronnna
58
417 290 260 217 209 206 215 236 220 226 246
Fonrapnx
59
[1006] [1025] 1002 1025 1016 1181 989 940 894 722 790
Xopnarnx
60
[1313] [1063] 931 916 1018 1048 1203 1097 1016 [1037] [1091]
Knnp

[413] [400] 415 451 443 420 422 460 478 494 537
uemcxax Pecnynnxa
61
3088 3355 3219 3519 3251 3136 2673 2752 2498 2254 2479
annx 4418 4287 4311 4108 4492 4332 4499 4230 4504 4515 4859
3cronnx
62
236 273 288 358 403 488 471 429 330 [336] [371]
unnnxnnx 2535 2944 3122 3204 3262 3074 3309 3474 3400 3656 3978
upannnx
63
58604 60385 62042 60734 61058 61264 60654 64747 59098 58244 62535
Iepmannx 46592 45955 44544 43847 42835 42877 44107 45769 45075 [43478] [46745]
Ipennx 8612 7378 8112 8772 9121 9113 10131 10555 [7162] [7502] [8155]
Benrpnx 2017 2173 2011 1991 1785 1819 1690 1506 1351 [1287] [1385]
Hcnannx
64
. . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 10.6 . . . . . .
Hpnannx 1327 1273 1292 1309 1298 1307 1354 1337 1274 1207 1302
Hrannx
65
40333 40660 40794 39247 37981 [36831] [38151] [37087] [35532] [31946] [34501]
Harnnx 278 321 346 403 506 552 540 343 260 267 295
Hnrna
66
449 496 [475] [514] [559] [611] [638] 487 410 [405] [444]
Hmxcemypr 257 272 286 289 283 294 . . . . . . . . . .
Maxeonnx, FRPM
67
176 160 168 157 150 171 158 154 130 121 132
Mantra

45.8 47.3 49.9 63.0 51.1 51.2 52.5 57.2 58.7 58.7 63.5
uepnoropnx
68
. . . . . . . . [77.8] 70.4 80.1 73.6 75.2 80.5 87.9
Hnepnant 10743 10896 10980 10998 11513 11668 11467 11714 11277 10945 11781

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Oxonuanne rannnt 4. 9
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011*
Hopnernx 6278 6035 6188 5822 5811 6181 6215 6596 6390 [7083] [7744]
Hontma
69
6275 6522 6819 7289 7762 8774 [7848] [8414] [8781] [9149] [9705]
Hopryrannx 4315 4164 4422 4688 4554 4359 4375 4651 4821 [4285] [4670]
Pymtnnx 2084 2150 2312 2446 2520 2417 2664 2265 2086 1945 2145
Cepnx
70
1221 1070 989 828 836 943 915 872 845 805 949
Cnonaxnx

1211 1285 1194 1293 1312 1320 1351 1293 1130 968 1058
Cnonennx 561 584 619 631 723 727 770 776 772 668 715
Hcnannx 13749 13618 14056 14157 16550 17098 17152 16465 14744 13984 15178
Bnennx 6521 6473 6092 6172 6075 6235 5545 5438 5886 [5960] [6811]
Bnenapnx
71
4620 4500 4416 4347 4138 4164 4265 4261 4115 4618 5436
Typnnx 21207 19141 17468 16537 17755 16553 16767 17966 17649 18687 17871
Bennxopnrannx 49088 52619 53228 53676 54024 55730 58217 59350 58099 57875 62685
Bnnannn n Cpennn Boc1ox
Faxpen
72
485 557 561 555 604 639 691 777 776 883 878
Ernner 4784 5012 4742 4732 4842 4877 4542 4408 4289 4107 4285
Hpan
73
6529 7950 9777 12125 13502 11096 (7463) . . . . . . . .
Hpax
74
. . . . (1783) (2406) (1727) (2580) 3220 3054 3581 (5568) (5845)
Hspannt
75
[15971] [15982] [15275] [14704] [15668] [15213] [14610] [14737] [14242] [15209] [16446]
Hopannx 760 877 814 809 885 1236 1398 1474 1367 1310 1368
Kyner 4136 4457 4797 4642 4612 4913 4526 4478 4715 5178 5640
Hnnan 1193 1199 1219 [1238] [1230] [1349] 1237 1490 [1633] [1657] [1754]
Oman
76
3368 3543 3983 4802 5134 5201 4952 4633 4895 4074 4291
Karap
77
1475 1487 1370 1456 1539 1875 2355 . . . . . . . .
Cayoncxax Apannx
78
24343 24522 27262 32849 37420 43105 42306 43477 45245 46219 48531
Cnpnx
79
2008 2302 2306 2319 2086 2217 2010 2282 2346 2490 2495
Oennennte Apacxne [9964] [10455] [11289] [10506] [10632] [11412] [13752] [15913] [16062] . . . .
3mnpart
80
Hemen 1371 1415 1154 1186 1110 1327 1275 . . . . . . . .
Hpu+e:auue: cm. nocne ran. 4.10.



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2
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7
Tannna 4.10. Boennme pacxom no c1panau n nponen1ax o1 nanonoro nny1pennero npoyx1a n 20022010 rr.
Crpant crpynnnponant no pernonam n cypernonam
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Aqpnxa
Ceeepua Aqpura
Anxnp
1
3.7 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.8 3.6
Hnnnx
2
2.2 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.2 . . . .
Mapoxxo 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5
Tynnc 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 [1.4]
Aqpura m+uee Caxapi
Anrona
3
3.8 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.4 3.7 4.3 4.2
Fennn 0.9 0.9 1.0 [1.0] [1.0] . . [1.0] . . . .
Forcnana 3.7 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.4
Fypxnna-uaco

1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3


Fypynn 7.2 7.3 6.6 6.2 4.9 4.7 3.8 . . . .
Kamepyn

1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6


Kao-Bepe 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
HAP
4
1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 . . 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.6
ua
5
1.7 1.5 1.1 0.9 . . 5.5 7.1 6.2 [2.7]
Konro, PK
6
. . 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.3
Konro, Pecnynnxa

1.7 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 . . 1.1


Kor-'Hnyap
7
. . 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6
xnyrn 6.0 7.2 5.6 6.3 [6.4] 4.1 3.7 . . . .
3xnaropnantnax Innnex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3pnrpex 20.7 20.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3]nonnx 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9
Iaon
8
2.0 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.1 (1.0) . . . . 0.9
Iamnx
9
1.0 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 . . . . . .
Iana
10
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
Innnex
11
3.1 2.4 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Innnex-Fncay 3.2 1.6 . . 2.1 . . . . . . . . . .
Kennx 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

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1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 10
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Hecoro 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.7 2.7 3.1
Hnepnx . . . . 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9
Maaracxap
12
1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7
Manann 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.2 [1.2] [1.1] . . . . . .
Mann
13
2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 [1.9] [1.9]
Manpnrannx

3.2 4.9 4.9 3.7 3.0 . . 3.4 3.8 . .


Manpnxn
14
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 . . 0.1
Mosamnx 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 . .
Hamnnx
15
2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.5
Hnrep 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 . . . . 1.0 . . 0.9
Hnrepnx 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0
Pyana
16
3.0 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
Ceneran

1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6
Cementcxne Ocrpona 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3
Cteppa-Heone 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.6 [1.7] [1.5] [1.1] [1.3] [1.2]
Comann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rxnax A]pnxa [1.6] [1.7] 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
Rxnt Cyan
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cyan
18
2.7 1.9 4.7 3.3 3.4 . . . . . . . .
Cnasnnen
19
1.4 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 [2.1] [3.2] [3.0]
Tansannx 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Toro . . 1.6 1.5 1.5 . . . . 1.7 . . 1.7
Yrana 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 [2.2] [1.9] [1.6]
3amnx . . . . [1.9] 2.0 1.9 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.7
3nmane
20
2.2 2.5 5.5 2.3 (2.1) (1.8) . . . . 1.3
Auepnxa
Heumpa.iua A+epura u cmpaui Kapuocroeo oacceua
Fenns 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1
Kocra-Pnxa
21

Kya
22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Cantnaop
23
1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
Inaremana 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

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2
1
9
Ianrn
Ionypac
24
[0.8] [1.0] [0.7] [0.6] 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1
maxa 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8
Mexcnxa [0.5] [0.5] 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hnxaparya
25
0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7
Hanama
Ceeepua A+epura
Kanaa 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
CBA
26
3.4 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.8 4.8
P+ua A+epura
Aprenrnna
27
1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9
Fonnnnx
28
2.0 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7
Fpasnnnx 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6
unnn
29
3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2
Konymnx
30
3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.6
3xnaop 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.6
Iaana
31
1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1
Haparna
32
1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9
Hepy
33
1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3
Ypyrna
34
2.8 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0
Benecy+na
35
1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9
Asnn n Oxeannn
Heumpa.iua u P+ua Asu
A]ranncran
36
. . [2.1] [2.2] 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.2 2.0 3.8
Fanrnaem 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1
Hnnx
37
2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.7
Kasaxcran 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1
Ktprtscran
38
2.7 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.4
Henan

1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4


Haxncran
39
3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8
Bpn-Hanxa [3.3] [2.9] 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.0
Taxnxncran 2.1 2.2 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typxmenncran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ysexncran
40
0.6 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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B
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 4. 10
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Bocmo:ua Asu
Knra
41
[2.2] [2.1] [2.1] [2.0] [2.0] [2.1] [2.0] [2.2] [2.1]
nonnx
42
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0
KHP
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rxnax Kopex
44
[2.4] [2.5] [2.5] 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7
Monronnx 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1
Tanant 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1
Oreauu
Ancrpannx 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
unxn
45
1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.6
Honax 3enannx 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
HanyaHonax Innnex
46
0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4
Peo-Bocmo:ua Asu
Fpyne-apyccanam
47
5.3 3.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.3 3.2
Kamoxa 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.6
Hnonesnx
48
[0.8] [1.0] [0.9] 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7
Haoc (0.6) (0.6) (0.5) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3)
Manasnx 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.6
Mtxnma
49
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
unnnnnnnt
50
[1.5] 1.6 [1.4] 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
Cnnranyp 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.7
Tannan 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.5
Bocrount Tnmop
51
. . . . 1.1 2.5 5.2 [6.6] 5.3 6.6 4.9
Bternam . . 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5
Enpona
Bocmo:ua Eepona
Apmennx
52
2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.2
Asepaxan
53
[2.2] [2.4] [2.6] 2.3 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.3 2.9
Fenapyct 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4
Ipysnx
54
1.0 1.1 1.4 3.3 5.2 9.2 8.5 5.6 3.9
Monona
55
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3
Poccnx
56
[4.4] [4.3] [3.8] [3.7] [3.6] [3.5] [3.5] [4.3] [3.9]
Yxpanna

2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 [2.9] [2.7]



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2
2
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3anaoua u Heumpa.iua Eepona
Anannx
57
1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6
Ancrpnx 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Fentrnx 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1
Focnnx n Iepneronnna
58
3.9 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Fonrapnx
59
[2.9] [2.8] 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9
Xopnarnx
60
[2.8] [2.1] 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7
Knnp

[2.3] [2.2] 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1


uemcxax Pecnynnxa
61
2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3
annx 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5
3cronnx
62
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.7
unnnxnnx 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4
upannnx
63
2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3
Iepmannx 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
Ipennx 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.2 [2.3]
Benrpnx 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
Hcnannx
64
0.0 0.1 . .
Hpnannx 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hrannx
65
2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 [1.7] [1.8] [1.8] [1.7]
Harnnx 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.1
Hnrna
66
1.7 1.7 [1.5] [1.4] [1.4] [1.4] [1.4] 1.4 1.1
Hmxcemypr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 . . . . . .
Maxeonnx, FRPM
67
2.8 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4
Mantra

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7


uepnoropnx
68
. . . . . . . . [2.3] 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9
Hnepnant 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4
Hopnernx 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5
Hontma
69
1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 [1.7] [1.8] [1.9]
Hopryrannx 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1
Pymtnnx 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3
Cepnx
70
4.5 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.2
Cnonaxnx

1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3


Cnonennx 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6
Hcnannx 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0
Bnennx 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3
Bnenapnx
71
1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

2
2
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Oxonuanne rannnt 4. 10
C1pana 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Typnnx 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.4
Bennxopnrannx 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.6
Bnnannn n Cpennn Boc1ox
Faxpen
72
4.7 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.9 3.4
Ernner 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0
Hpan
73
2.3 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.4 2.5 (1.8) . . . .
Hpax
74
. . . . (1.7) (2.2) (1.9) (2.2) 2.2 2.5 2.4
Hspannt
75
[9.6] [9.6] [8.7] [8.0] [8.1] [7.5] [7.1] [7.0] [6.5]
Hopannx 5.4 6.0 5.1 4.8 4.8 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.0
Kyner 7.4 6.5 5.8 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.9 3.6
Hnnan 4.7 4.6 4.4 [4.4] [4.5] [4.6] 3.9 4.1 [4.2]
Oman
76
12.4 12.2 12.1 11.8 11.0 10.3 7.6 9.6 8.5
Karap
77
4.7 4.0 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 . . . .
Cayoncxax Apannx
78
9.8 8.7 8.4 8.0 8.3 9.2 8.0 11.0 10.1
Cnpnx
79
5.4 6.2 5.5 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.1
Oennennte Apacxne [8.6] [7.9] [7.4] [5.6] [5.1] [5.0] [5.5] [7.6] [6.9]
3mnpart
80
Hemen 6.0 6.0 4.7 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.9 . . . .
. . = annte orcyrcrnymr nnn nenpnmennmt; = nont nnn xpane nesnaunrentnax nennunna; ( ) = nerounte annte; [ ] = onenxa
CHHPH; / = nsmenenne ]nnanconoro roa (]nn. r.); ||| = pasptn npemennt x crarncrnuecxnx pxon (annte o +roro cnmnona moryr trt ne
cnxsant c anntmn nocne +roro cnmnona).
a
unnancont ro nnrcx c anpenx yxasannoro roa no mapr cneymmero roa.
b
unnancont ro nnrcx c nmnx yxasannoro roa no nmnt cneymmero roa.

Bce annte ne nxnmuamr noennte nencnn.

Bce annte ornocxrcx rontxo x rexymnm pacxoam (r. e., ne yunrtnamr xannrantnte sarpart).

Bce annte npecrannxmr ne ]axrnuecxne pacxot, a npnnxrt mxer.

Bce annte ne nxnmuamr pacxot na noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx.


||
3ra crpana n reuenne oxnauennoro nepnoa menxna nnn enomnnnponana nannonantnym enexnym ennnny; nce annte tnn nepe-
cunrant n camym nocnenmm npnnxrym enexnym ennnny.

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annte no Anxnpy naunnax c 2004r. npecrannxmr mxer. B nmne 2006 r. anxnpcxoe npannrentcrno npnnxno ononnnrentnte
mxert, uro ynennunno conoxynnte pacxot na 35%. Ocraercx ne xcntm, tna nn xaxax-nno uacrt +rnx ononnnrentntx cpecrn na-
npannena na noennte nenn.
2
annte no Hnnnn ne nxnmuamr pacxot na pasnnrne, xoropte n 2008 r. ocrnrann 1000 mnn nnapon.
3
Crenent ncnonnennx mxera Anront moxer snaunrentno naptnponartcx. Boennte pacxot Anront cneyer paccmarpnnart n xon-
rexcre nectma neocronepno +xonomnuecxo crarncrnxn, oycnonnenno nnnxnnem nont na anrontcxym +xonomnxy.
4
annte no Henrpantno-A]pnxancxo Pecnynnxe ne nxnmuamr nnnecrnnnonnte pacxot, xoropte n 2005 r. cocrannnn 775 000
]panxon.
5
Boennte pacxot uaa pesxo nospocnn nocne 2005 r. ns-sa xon]nnxra na nocroxe crpant; upesntuante noennte pacxot ]nnancn-
ponannct sa cuer ne]rxntx oxoon. annte sa 2006 r. orcyrcrnymr, onaxo nmemmaxcx nn]opmannx nosnonxer npenonoxnrt, uro n
2005 r. nponsomno snaunrentnoe ynennuenne pacxoon, a c 2006 no 2007 r. onn nospacrann menennee.
6
annte no emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro (PK) ne nxnmuamr npntnn or mnpoxomacmrano exrentnocrn noenntx no o-
tue nonesntx ncxonaemtx.
7
annte no Kor-'Hnyapy sa 2003 r. npecrannxmr sannannponannte, a ne ]axrnuecxne pacxot.
8
annte no Iaony ne nxnmuamr nnemxernte pacxot, npo]nnancnponannte nnnecrnnnonntm ]onom Provisions pour Investissements
Hydrocarbures (PIH), xoropt axxymynnpyer nanoronte nocrynnennx or exrentnocrn nnocrpanntx ne]rxntx xomnann n Iaone.
9
B 2009 r. n peun, nocnxmenno mxery, mnnncrp ]nnancon Iamnn cxasan, uro mxer mnnncrepcrna oopont (MO) cocrannxn
381 mnn anacn n 2008 r. n 189 mnn anacn n 2009 r. Onaxo +rn annte asnpymrcx na nnom, no cpannennm c onee pannnmn noxasarenxmn,
onpeenennn noenntx pacxoon n nopasymenamr ropaso onee ceptesnoe ynennuenne pacxoon n 2008 r., nexenn ro, uro nmeno mecro na
camom ene, n, cneonarentno, onn ne moryr trt ncnontsonant nx ]opmnponannx nocneonarentntx crarncrnuecxnx pxon.
10
annte no Iane naunnax c 2006r. npecrannxmr ne ]axrnuecxne, a sanoxennte n npnnxrt mxer pacxot.
11
annte no Innnee, nosmoxno, sannxent, nocxontxy MBu coomaer o xpynntx nnemxerntx noenntx pacxoax.
12
annte no Maaracxapy nxnmuamr pacxot na xanapmepnm n nannonantnym nonnnnm.
13
annte no Mann nxnmuamr pacxot na oopony n noepxanne esonacnocrn.
14
B 2010 r. Manpnxn nepemen c ]nnanconoro roa nmntnmnt na ]nnancont ro xnnaptexapt. C nmnx no exapt 2009 r. n
crpane cymecrnonan nepexont 6-mecxunt ]nnancont ro, annte sa xoropt orcyrcrnymr.
15
annte no Hamnnn sa 2002 r. nxnmuamr ononnnrentnte accnrnonannx n pasmepe 78.5 mnn namnncxnx onn.
16
B 2009 r. Pyana nepemna c ]nnanconoro roa xnnaptexapt na ]nnancont ro nmntnmnt. annte no Pyane sa 2009 r. n
nannonantno nanmre xnnxmrcx cymmo ocooro 6-mecxunoro mxera na xnnaptnmnt 2009 r. (20.6 mnp pyanncxnx ]panxon) n mxe-
ra na nepnt nonnt 20092010 ]nn. r. c nmnx no nmnt (43.6 mnp pyanncxnx ]panxon). annte no Pyane sa 2005 n 2006 rr. nxnmuamr
accnrnonannx na mnpornopuecxne onepannn A]pnxancxoro comsa.
17
Rxnt Cyan nonyunn nesanncnmocrt or Cyana 9 nmnx 2011 r. B nepno mexy nmnem 2005 r. n nmnem 2011 r. Rxnt Cyan, n
coornercrnnn c nonoxennxmn Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro cornamennx 2005 r., naxonncx no ynpannennem anronomnoro npannrentcrna

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Rxnoro Cyana. annte sa 20062010 rr. npecrannxmr noennte pacxot npannrentcrna Rxnoro Cyana na Cyancxym napono-
ocnoonrentnym apmnm (CHOA).
18
annte no Cyany nxnmuamr pacxot na oopony n noepxanne esonacnocrn. B annte sa 20062010 rr. ne nxoxr pacxot npa-
nnrentcrna Rxnoro Cyana. Cm. raxxe cnocxy 17.
19
annte no Cnasnneny sa 20082011 rr. xnnxmrcx onenxamn, ocnonanntmn na npenonaraemo one mxera na oopony n noep-
xanne omecrnennoro nopxxa n esonacnocrn, n xapaxrepnsymrcx ntcoxo crenentm neocronepnocrn.
20
B anpene 2009 r. 3nmane orxasanact or snmanncxoro onnapa n n nacroxmee npemx n crpane cymecrnyer myntrnnanmrnt pe-
xnm, npn xoropom npn nponeennn rpancaxnn moryr, cpen npounx nanmr, ncnontsonartcx onnapt CBA, pnrancxne ]ynrt crepnnnron
n mxnoa]pnxancxne pant. Crarncrnuecxne annte ornocnrentno rocyapcrnennoro mxera npnnoxrcx n onnapax CBA. annte no
3nmane n nannonantno nanmre nnnort o 2007 r. npnnoxrcx n snmanncxnx onnapax, a c 2010 r. n onnapax CBA. Innepnn]nxnnx
osnauaer, uro annte sa 2006 n 2007 rr. xapaxrepnsymrcx ntcoxo crenentm neocronepnocrn, a sa 2008 r. orcyrcrnymr xaxne-nno nmem-
mne cmtcn annte o nenax, no+romy nx 3nmane nenosmoxno nocrponrt ennt npemenno crarncrnuecxn px n nocroxnntx nenax. Ta-
xnm opasom, annte n onnapax n nocroxnntx nenax npnnoxrcx o 2007 r. n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax 2005 r., a sa 2010 n
2011 rr. n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax 2010 r. 3rn na npemennt x crarncrnuecxnx pxa oennxrt nentsx.
21
Kocra-Pnxa ne nmeer noopyxenntx cnn. Pacxot na noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx, norpannunym oxpany n cnyxt nanmennx sa
mopcxnm n nosymntm npocrpancrnom cocrannxmr menee 0.05% or BBH.
22
annte no Kye npecrannxmr ooponnt saxas n 3axas cnyx nnyrpenne esonacnocrn. Hoxasannte n ran. 4.9 annte npnno-
xrcx n onnapax CBA n rexymnx nenax no o]nnnantnomy omennomy xypcy sa xaxt ro, a ne n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax
2010 r., no npnunne orcyrcrnnx ocronepno nn]opmannn o nn]nxnnn na Kye. annte o noenntx pacxoax xax one n BBH ne npnnoxr-
cx nonce ns-sa orcyrcrnnx ocronepno nn]opmannn o BBH Kyt.
23
annte no Cantnaopy sa 20022010 rr. nxnmuamr noennte nencnn, ntnnaunnaemte Hencnonntm ]onom noopyxenntx cnn. B an-
nte sa 2011 r. nxnmuena onenxa pacxoon na ntnnary nencn n pasmepe 75 mnn onn. Pacxot na nencnn moryr trt cnerxa santment, rax
xax n nnx nxoxr ]nnanconte nnnecrnnnn ]ona, xoropte n 2010 r. cocrannnn 17 mnn onn.
24
annte no Ionypacy ne nxnmuamr pacxot na nmnopr noopyxenn.
25
annte no Hnxaparya nxnmuamr noennym nomomt, nocrynammym or Tananx n CBA, xoropax n 20022009 rr. cocrannxna 12.5, 16.9,
13.6, 11.1, 7.3, 28.8, 12.2 n 11.6 mnn xopoon coornercrnenno.
26
Bce annte no CBA npnnoxrcx ne sa xanenapnte, a sa ]nnanconte rot (c 1 oxrxpx npetymero roa no 30 cenrxpx yxasanno-
ro roa).
27
Aprenrnncxn Konrpecc ne oopnn mxer na 2011 r. Taxnm opasom, mnnncrepcrna o]nnnantno ecrnymr n pamxax mxera na
2010 r., no+romy onenxa CHHPH na 2011 r. n mecrno nanmre nenrnuna anntm sa 2010 r. n rexymnx nenax. Onaxo n +xcneprntx ncrou-
nnxax npenonaraercx, uro ]axrnuecxne pacxot n 2011 r. moryr oxasartcx snaunrentno ntme.
28
annte no Fonnnnn nxnmuamr uacrt pacxoon na rpaxancxym oopony.

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annte no unnn nxnmuamr npxmte oruncnennx rocyapcrnenno meno xomnannn Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) na
noennte saxynxn. C 2004 r. n mnnncrepcrne oopont sa cuer nenspacxoonanntx ocrarxon +rnx nepeuncnenn opasontnancx nstrox
cpecrn, xoropt n 2011 r. tn pasmemen n Crparernuecxom pesepnnom ]one nx ]nnancnponannx pacxoon na saxynxy rexnnxn n yy-
mem. annte CHHPH npoonxamr yunrtnart ne rontxo ]axrnuecxne pacxot, no n nepeuncnennx CODELCO.
30
annte no Konymnn sa 20022007 rr. nxnmuamr cnennantnte accnrnonannx n pasmepe 2.5 mnp neco, ocymecrnnennte na ocnona-
nnn Yxasa o noennom nanore or 12 anrycra 2002 r. Fontmax uacrt +rnx accnrnonann tna nspacxoonana n nepno mexy 2002 n 2004 rr.
31
annte no Iaane ne nxnmuamr xannrantnte sarpart, xoropte n nepno c 2003 no 2006 r. cocrannnn 147, 154, 155 n 172 mnn raan-
cxnx onn., coornercrnenno.
32
annte no Haparnam sa 2003 r. ornocxrcx x cxoppexrnponannomy mxery, a ne x ]axrnuecxnm pacxoam. Pacxot na ntnnary noen-
ntx nencn ne yunrtnamrcx; n 20072011 rr. onn cocrannxnn 208, 239.3, 271.7, 293.9 n 340 mnp ryapann coornercrnenno.
33
annte no Hepy c 2005 r. ne nxnmuamr nepeno rocyapcrnenno xomnanne CAMISEA 20% oxoon or otun rasa na nyxt noo-
pyxenntx cnn n nannonantno nonnnnn.
34
B npetymnx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH annte no Ypyrnam ne nxnmuann noennte nencnn. Bxnmuenne pacxoon na ntnnary nen-
cn osnauaer, uro npecrannennte sect annte oxasannct cymecrnenno ntme no cpannennm c onynnxonanntmn n npetymnx nsannxx.
35
annte no Benecy+ne ne nxnmuamr nensnecrnte cymmt ononnnrentnoro ]nnancnponannx, nocrynammero ns uona nannonantnoro
pasnnrnx (FONDEN), cosannoro n 2005 r. n ]nnancnpyemoro sa cuer oruncnenn Henrpantnoro anxa n rocyapcrnenno ne]rxno xomna-
nnn PDVSA.
36
unnancont ro n A]ranncrane npoonxaercx c mapra no ]enpant. annte npecrannxmr ocnonnte mxernte pacxot na coep-
xanne A]rancxo nannonantno apmnn. Boennax nomomt, nocrynammax or nnocrpanntx onopon, xoropax n 2009 r. nxnmuana 4 mnp
onn., npeocrannenntx CBA, n n 16 pas npentmana cocrnennte noennte pacxot A]ranncrana, ne yunrtnaercx.
37
annte no Hnnn nxnmuamr pacxot na noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx (cnnt no oxpane rpannnt, nenrpantnte pesepnnte nonn-
necxne cnnt, crpenxonte uacrn n Accame, nonnnnm na nno-rnercxo rpannne n c 2007 r. mpo cnennantno cnyxt Sashastra Seema
Bal), no ne oxnartnamr sarpart na noennte xepnte nporpammt.
38
annte no Ktprtscrany nxnmuamr pacxot na noepxanne nnyrpenne esonacnocrn, cocrannxmmne snaunrentnym uacrt cono-
xynntx noenntx pacxoon.
39
annte no Haxncrany ne nxnmuamr pacxot na noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx Horpannunt xopnyc (rpaxancxne noopyxen-
nte cnnt) n Haxncrancxne penxept. B 2008, 2009 n 2010 rr. +rn pacxot cocrannxnn 16.7, 20.8 n 31.4 mnp pynn coornercrnenno. an-
nte raxxe ne oxnartnamr ooponnte pacxot n pamxax Hnana pasnnrnx rocyapcrnennoro cexropa, xoropte n 20082011 rr. ocrnrann 2.3,
5, 3.9 n 2.1 mnp pynn coornercrnenno.
40
annte no Ysexncrany, ntpaxennte n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax, cneyer paccmarpnnart n cnere snaunrentno pasnnnt
mexy o]nnnantntm n neo]nnnantntm omenntmn xypcamn nannonantno nanmrt.
41
annte no Knram xnnxmrcx onenxo conoxynntx noenntx pacxoon, nxnmuamme onenxn pacxoon no crartxm, ne nxoxmnm n
o]nnnantnt ooponnt mxer. Onn ocnontnamrcx na (a) omeocrynntx anntx no o]nnnantntm noenntm pacxoam n nexoroptm

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pyrnm crartxm; (b) onenxax, ocnonanntx na o]nnnantntx anntx n meroonornn C. Banra, npenoxenno n: Wang, S., The military
expenditure of China, 198998, SIPRI Yearbook 1999; n (c) sa camte nocnenne rot, xora annte no nexoroptm crartxm pacxoon orcyrcr-
nymr, nno na nponenrnom nsmenennn o]nnnantntx noenntx pacxoon n nocnennx renennnxx n nnamnxe pacxoon, ornocxmnxcx x ro
xe xareropnn, nno, uro xacaercx oxoon or xommepuecxo exrentnocrn Hapono-ocnoonrentno apmnn Knrax (HOAK), na npenono-
xennn o nocrenennom cnopaunnannn +ro exrentnocrn n coxpamennn oxoon. Cm. Hcrounnxn n merot nnxe.
42
annte no nonnn o 2004 r. n sa 20102011 rr. npecrannxmr npnnxrte mxert. 3rn annte nxnmuamr mxernte accnrnonannx
na exrentnocrt Ocooro xomnrera no Oxnnane, no ne yunrtnamr pacxot na ntnnary noenntx nencn.
43
annte no KHP npnnoxrcx n coornercrnnn c coomennxmn cenepoxopecxnx onxnocrntx nnn. Onn ne nxnmuamr nnnecrnnnn n
noennym npomtmnennocrt n pacxot na HHOKP n onacrn rexnonorn nonoro nasnauennx, a raxxe na pasnnunte ycnyrn connantnoro
oecneuennx, npeocrannxemte uepes noennt cexrop. Hs-sa orcyrcrnnx sacnyxnnammero onepnx omennoro xypca mexy cenepoxope-
cxnm nonom n onnapom CBA onennrt pacxot n onnapax CBA ne npecrannxercx nosmoxntm.
44
annte no Rxno Kopee ne nxnmuamr pacxot na 3 cnennantntx ]ona nx nepencnoxannn noenntx oexron, nepencnoxannn
as CBA n connantnoro oecneuennx noennocnyxamnx. 3rn pacxot cocrannxnn 449.3 mnp, 1048.8 mnp n 1285.2 mnp nonon n 2009, 2010
n 2011 rr. coornercrnenno.
45
Pacxot unxn na ntnnary noenntx nencn n 19982002 rr. cocrannxnn npnnnsnrentno 3.5% exerontx noenntx pacxoon.
46
annte no HanyaHonax Innnex oxnartnamr rontxo rexymym uacrt mxera. B 20082011 rr. pacxot na pasnnrne cocrannxnn
6 mnn, 25.2 mnn, 0 n 47 mnn xnn coornercrnenno.
47
annte o noenntx pacxoax Fpynex-apyccanama sa 2003 r. n nannonantno nanmre npnnoxrcx sa ocot 15-mecxunt ]nnancont
ro c xnnapx 2003 no mapr 2004 r. o 2002 r. ]nnancont ro nnncx c xnnapx no exapt, a c 2004 r. cran nnrtcx c anpenx no mapr.
48
annte no Hnonesnn ne nxnmuamr cymecrnennte nnemxernte pacxot, pasmept xoroptx ne nsnecrnt.
49
annte no Mtxnme ne npecrannent n onnaponom ntpaxennn no npnunne upesntuano ontmnx xoneann ycranonnennoro xypca
xnxra ornocnrentno onnapa CBA.
50
annte no unnnnnnnam cnerxa santment, nocxontxy onn nxnmuamr pacxot na oprannsannn no enam nerepanon. Bnnort o 2010 r.
onn ne npentmann npnnnsnrentno 1 mnp neco n ro, onaxo n 2011 r. nospocnn o 13.9 mnp neco.
51
annte no Bocrounomy Tnmopy sa 2007 r. n nannonantno nanmre npnnoxrcx sa ocot 6-mecxunt ]nn. r. c nmnx no exapt
2007 r. Panee, nnnort o 2006/2007 r., ]nnanconte rot naunnannct n nmne n saxanunnannct n nmne; c 2008 r. nocneymmne ]nnanconte
rot naunnamrcx n xnnape n saxanunnamrcx n exape. annte o noenntx pacxoax xax one n BBH ocnontnamrcx na anntx o BBH, ne
nxnmuammnx ne]rerasonte oxot, xoropte n nocnenne rot n necxontxo pas npentmann BBH Bocrounoro Tnmopa.
52
Ecnn t annte no Apmennn nxnmuann pacxot na ntnnary noenntx nencn, onn oxasannct t na 1520% ntme.
53
annte no Asepaxany sa 2011 r. nxnmuamr, nomnmo ocnonnoro ooponnoro mxera, accnrnonannx n pasmepe 1087 mnn manaron
na Ocote ooponnte npoexrt.
54
Fmxernte annte no Ipysnn sa 2003 r., nepoxrno, sannxent no cpannennm c ]axrnuecxnmn pacxoamn no npnunne nonnrnuecxnx
ecnopxxon, npoonxanmnxcx na nporxxennn roa.

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Ecnn cnoxnrt nce crartn noenntx pacxoon n mxere Monont, nxnmuax pacxot na ntnnary noenntx nencn n noennsnponannte
]opmnponannx, conoxynnte noennte pacxot n 2005, 2006 n 2007 rr. cocranxr 343, 457 n 530 mnn neen coornercrnenno.
56
O ncrounnxax n meroax pacuera anntx no noenntm pacxoam Poccnn cm: Cooper, J., The military expenditure of the USSR and the
Russian Federation, 19871997, SIPRI Yearbook 1998.
57
annte no Anannn, ornocxmnecx x nepnoy o 2006 r., ne nonnocrtm oxnartnamr pacxot na ntnnary nencn. annte sa 2007,
2008 n 2009 rr. npecrannxmr cxoppexrnponannt mxer.
58
Haunnax c 2005 r. annte no Focnnn n Iepneronnne npecrannxmr pacxot na noopyxennte cnnt Focnnn n Iepneronnnt, c]opmn-
ponannte n 2005 r. ns Xopnarcxo-Focnncxo Apmnn ueepannn Focnnn n Iepneronnnt n Focnncxo Cepcxo Apmnn Pecnynnxn Cep-
cxo. annte, ornocxmnecx x nepnoy o 2005 r., oxnartnamr pacxot xax na Apmnm ueepannn Focnnn n Iepneronnnt, rax n Apmnm
Pecnynnxn Cepcxo. annte no Focnnn n Iepneronnne ne nxnmuamr pacxot na nmnopr noopyxenn.
59
Ho anntm HATO, conoxynnte pacxot Fonrapnn, nxnmuax pacxot na ntnnary nencn, cocrannxnn 1393, 1712 n 1749 mnn nenon n
2006, 2007 n 2008 rr. coornercrnenno.
60
annte no Xopnarnn sa 20062010 rr. nxnmuamr cymmt, ntenennte nenrpantntm npannrentcrnom na nnarexn n cuer noramennx
xpenra, nsxroro na crponrentcrno noenno panonoxannonno cncremt. 3rn cymmt cocrannnn 147.8, 91.4, 53.2, 54.6 n 55.2 mnn xyn coor-
nercrnenno. Hnarexn npoonxannct n n 2011 r., onaxo o rountx nx cymmax ne coomanoct, no+romy n annte o noenntx pacxoax sa +ror
ro nxnmuena nx onenxa, pannax cymme nnarexe n 2010 r. (55.2 mnn xyn).
61
annte no uemcxo Pecnynnxe ne nxnmuamr noennym nomomt A]ranncrany nnn Hpaxy. Homomt A]ranncrany pannxnact 18.7 mnn
xpon n 2004 r. n 612.6 mnn xpon n 2007 r. Homomt Hpaxy n 2005 r. cocrannna 1.1 mnn xpon.
62
B 3cronnn Cnyxa norpannuno oxpant n 2010 r. cnnnact c nannonantno nonnnne n onee ne paccmarpnnaercx CHHPH xax noenn-
snponannoe ]opmnponanne. Hmenno +rnm oxcnxercx ontmax uacrt coxpamennx noenntx pacxoon 3cronnn n 2010 r.
63
annte no upannnn naunnax c 2006 r. paccunrant no nono meroonornn n cnxsn c nsmenennxmn ]pannyscxo mxerno cncremt
n ]nnanconoro saxonoarentcrna.
64
Hcnannx ne nmeer apmnn nno pyrnx noopyxenntx cnn. o yupexennx n nmne 2008 r. Hcnancxoro ooponnoro arenrcrna n crpa-
ne ne cymecrnonano mxera na oopony nnn nnym noennym exrentnocrt. Hcnancxoe ooponnoe arenrcrno necer ornercrnennocrt sa
ocnyxnnanne ooponntx oexron, nanpnmep, Hcnancxo cncremt npornnonosymno oopont, cop pasnetnarentno nn]opmannn n
nponeenne noenntx yuenn.
65
annte no Hrannn nxnmuamr pacxot na rpaxancxym oopony, na xoropte otuno npnxonrcx oxono 4.5% conoxynntx noenntx pacxoon.
66
Hs-sa nsmenennx n Hnrne meroa oruernocrn o pacxoax na noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx nnonne nepoxrno, uro annte o 2003 r.
nxnmuamr pacxot na raxoro poa ]opmnponannx, a c 2004 r. ncxnmuamr nx.
67
Onpeenenne noenntx pacxoon n Ftnme Rrocnancxo Pecnynnxe Maxeonnn nsmennnoct n 2006 r. Horpannunte nocxa tnn
ntneent ns nounnennx mnnncrepcrny oopont n nepeant mnnncrepcrny nnyrpennnx en, a uacrt pacxoon na ntnnary noenntx nencn,
panee nonnocrtm ncxnmuanmnxcx ns noenntx pacxoon, renept n nnx nxonr.
68
uepnoropnx ntmna ns cocrana Comsnoro Iocyapcrna Cepnn n uepnoropnn 3 nmnx 2006 r. Cm. raxxe cnocxy 70.

2
2
8
















B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

69
annte no Hontme ne nxnmuamr nexoropte ooponnte pacxot pyrnx mnnncrepcrn n ononnnrentnte pacxot na nannonantnym
oopony, raxne xax pacxot uona moepnnsannn noopyxenntx cnn n pacxot na nexoropte ononnnrentnte noennte HHOKP. B nepno
c 2004 no 2011 r. +rn ononnnrentnte cymmt naptnponannct npnnnsnrentno or 240 mnn o 640 mnn snortx.
70
uepnoropnx ntmna ns cocrana Comsnoro Iocyapcrna Cepnn n uepnoropnn 3 nmnx 2006 r. annte no Cepnn o 2005 r. nxnmun-
rentno ornocxrcx x Comsnomy rocyapcrny Cepnn n uepnoropnn (o ]enpanx 2003 r. nsnecrnomy xax ueeparnnnax Pecnynnxa Rrocna-
nnx), a c 2006 r. rontxo x Cepnn.
71
annte no Bnenapnn ne nxnmuamr pacxot xanronantntx n mecrntx nnacre. B 19902006 rr. noennte pacxot xanronantntx n
mecrntx nnacre otuno cocrannxnn 58% or pacxoon nenrpantnoro npannrentcrna.
72
annte no Faxpeny ne nxnmuamr nnemxernte pacxot na ooponnte saxynxn.
73
annte no Hpany ne nxnmuamr pacxot na coepxanne noennsnponanntx ]opmnponann, raxnx xax Kopnyc crpaxe ncnamcxo penonmnnn.
74
B nocnenne rot Mnnncrepcrno oopont Hpaxa rparnno cymecrnenno mentme ntenennoro emy mxera. K anntm no Hpaxy sa
2011 r. cneyer ornocnrtcx c ocropoxnocrtm. annte o 2007 r. ne rount ns-sa ntcoxnx remnon nn]nxnnn.
75
annte no Hspannm nxnmuamr ononnnrentnte mxert na nponeenne onepann na Hanecrnncxnx reppnropnxx n n pyrnx mecrax
n pacxot na noennsnponannym Horpannunym nonnnnm.
76
annte no Omany npecrannxmr pacxot na oopony n oecneuenne nannonantno esonacnocrn. B 2011 r. npannrentcrno saxonoa-
rentno yrnepnno ononnnrentnt mxer n pasmepe 1000 mnn pnanon, uro cocrannxer 12% or nepnonauantnoro conoxynnoro mxera,
onaxo nensnecrno, nomna nn xaxax-nno uacrt +rnx ononnnrentntx accnrnonann na ]nnancnponanne noenntx pacxoon.
77
annte no Karapy npecrannxmr pacxot na oopony n oecneuenne esonacnocrn.
78
annte no Cayoncxo Apannn npecrannxmr pacxot na oopony n oecneuenne esonacnocrn.
79
annte no Cnpnn tnn nepecunrant ns nannonantno nanmrt n onnapt CBA no ptnounomy omennomy xypcy asonoro 2010 r. 1
onn. CBA = 46.422 cnpncxnx ]ynron. Panee Cnpnx ycranannnnana o]nnnantnt xypc 1 onn. CBA = 11.225 cnpncxnx ]ynron, xoropt
ncnontsonancx n npetymnx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH nnnort o 2009 r. B 2007 r. Cnpnx ormennna o]nnnantnt xypc n nepemna na
ptnount, npexe neo]nnnantno cymecrnonanmn napannentno c o]nnnantntm xypcom.
80
Boennte pacxot Oennenntx Apacxnx 3mnparon n rounocrn nensnecrnt n ornnuamrcx nenpospaunocrtm. Enncrnenntm oc-
rynntm ncrounnxom anntx xnnxmrcx crpanonte oruert MBu n Government Finance Statistics, raxxe nynnxyemax MBu. B crpanontx
oruerax npecrannent ne crartn, cnxsannte c noenntmn pacxoamn: Pacxot mnnncrepcrna oopont n mnnncrepcrna nnyrpennnx en na
ronapt n ycnyrn (xoropax ne nxnmuaer pacxot na xanonante noennocnyxamnm n ntnnary noenntx nencn) n ueepantnax cnyxa Ay-
an, pacxot no xoropo, cornacno coomennxm, xnnxmrcx npenmymecrnenno pacxoamn na oopony n oecneuenne esonacnocrn. B
Government Finance Statistics npnnoxrcx rontxo annte no crarte Tonapt n ycnyrn. annte CHHPH cxnatnamrcx ns 80% pacxoon no
crarte ueepantnte cnyxt Ay-an n 100% pacxoon no crarte Tonapt n ycnyrn. Pacxot no nocnene crarte n 20062010 rr.
npenonoxnrentno ocranannct nensmenntmn n peantnom ntpaxennn.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 229
Hc1ounnxn n ue1om

Onpeoe.euue eoeuuix pacxoooe

Onpeenenne noenntx pacxoon, npnnxroe CHHPH, nxnmuaer pacxot
na cneymmnx norpenrene n nnt exrentnocrn: (a) noopyxennte cnnt, n
rom uncne cnnt no noepxannm mnpa; (b) mnnncrepcrna oopont n pyrne
npannrentcrnennte neomcrna, yuacrnymmne n ocymecrnnennn ooponntx
npoexron; (c) noennsnponannte ]opmnponannx, ecnn, no nmemmnmcx onen-
xam, onn npomnn noennym nororonxy n ocnament ncem neoxonmtm nx
neennx oentx ecrnn; n (d) noenno-xocmnuecxax exrentnocrt. Ho pac-
xoamn nonnmamrcx nce rexymne n xannrantnte pacxot na: (a) noennocny-
xamnx n rpaxancxn nepconan, n rom uncne na ntnnary nencn orcranntm
noenntm n oxasanne connantntx ycnyr rpaxancxomy nepconany; (b) +xc-
nnyarannm n ocnyxnnanne B n BT; (c) saxynxn B n BT; (d) noennte
HHOKP; (e) noennym nomomt (yunrtnaercx n noenntx pacxoax crpant-
onopa). Hcxnmuamrcx pacxot na rpaxancxym oopony n rexymne pacxo-
t, cnxsannte c npomno noenno exrentnocrtm, raxne xax ntnnart nere-
panam, sarpart na emonnnsannm, xonnepcnm n ynnuroxenne opyxnx. Xorx
+ro onpeenenne cnyxnr n xauecrne pyxonocrna, na npaxrnxe sauacrym ero
cnoxno npnepxnnartcx ns-sa orpannuennocrn anntx.


Oepauu:euuocmi oauuix

annte o noenntx pacxoax nonepxent pxy orpannuenn, ornocx-
mnxcx x onomy ns rpex ocnonntx rnnon: naexnocrt, oocnonannocrt n co-
nocrannmocrt.
Ocnonnte nponemt naexnocrn cnxsant c nenonnoro o]nnnantntx
anntx o noenntx pacxoax, orcyrcrnnem nopono nn]opmannn o noen-
ntx pacxoax n orcyrcrnnem anntx o ]axrnuecxnx, a ne accnrnonanntx no-
enntx pacxoax. Bo mnornx crpanax o]nnnantnte annte oxnartnamr nnmt
uacrt conoxynntx noenntx pacxoon. Baxnte crartn pacxoon moryr trt
cxptrt n nenoenntx pasenax mxera nnn axe nonnocrtm ]nnancnpo-
nartcx sa cuer nnemxerntx ncrounnxon. Ha npaxrnxe ncnontsyercx mnoxe-
crno raxoro poa nnemxerntx mexannsmon.
Oocnonannocrt anntx o pacxoax sanncnr or ro nenn, nx xoropo
onn ncnontsymrcx. Hocxontxy annte o pacxoax xnnxmrcx noxasarenxmn
nonnexaemtx enexntx pecypcon, nx nanonee oocnonannoe ncnontsona-
nne n xauecrne nnnxaropa +xonomnuecxnx pecypcon, norpenenntx n no-
enntx nenxx. Ho ro xe npnunne nx nonesnocrt xax nnnxaropa noenno cn-
nt nnn norennnana orpannuena. Xorx noennte pacxot oxastnamr nosecr-
nne na noennt norennnan, na nero nnnxmr n mnorne pyrne ]axropt, raxne
xax ananc mexy nnuntm cocranom n noenno rexnnxo, rexnonornuecxn
yponent noopyxenn n oprannsannx +xcnnyarannn n pemonra, a raxxe omax
ocranonxa n onacrn esonacnocrn, n xoropo onxnt ecrnonart noopy-
xennte cnnt.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 230
Conocrannmocrt anntx orpannunnaercx nymx ]axropamn: pasnnunxmn
n oxnare (nnn onpeenennn) anntx n meroax nepecuera nanmrt. Oxnar
o]nnnantntx anntx o noenntx pacxoax cymecrnenno naptnpyercx mexy
crpanamn n n ono n ro xe crpane c reuennem npemenn. Hpn nepecuere n
ennym nanmry pesyntrar mexcrpanontx conocrannenn n snaunrentno
crenenn onpeenxercx ntopom omennoro xypca (cm. nnxe). 3ra nponema
npncyma mexynapontm conocrannennxm ne rontxo noenntx pacxoon, no n
+xonomnuecxnx anntx noome. Onaxo, nocxontxy mexynaponte conoc-
rannennx noenntx pacxoon sauacrym xnnxmrcx uyncrnnrentno remo, nax-
no nmert n nny, uro nnrepnperannx mexcrpanontx conocrannenn noenntx
pacxoon ouent cnntno sanncnr or ntopa omennoro xypca.


Memooi

annte CHHPH ocnonant na nn]opmannn ns orxptrtx ncrounnxon n
orpaxamr o]nnnantnte cneennx, coomaemte npannrentcrnamn. Onaxo
o]nnnantnte annte ne ncera coornercrnymr onpeenennm CHHPH noen-
ntx pacxoon. He ncera raxxe nosmoxno nepecunrart annte cornacno on-
peenennm, nocxontxy +ro norpeonano t nopono nn]opmannn o rom,
uro nxonr n o]nnnantnte noennte mxert, n o cnepxmxerntx n nne-
mxerntx crartxx noenntx pacxoon. Bo mnornx cnyuaxx CHHPH orpann-
unnaercx ncnontsonannem npeocrannenntx npannrentcrnamn anntx nesa-
nncnmo or nx onpeenennx. Ecnn ocrynnt necxontxo pxon anntx, uro
uacro nponcxonr, CHHPH ntnpaer pxt anntx, xoropte n nanontme
crenenn coornercrnymr onpeenennm CHHPH noenntx pacxoon. Tem ne me-
nee npnopnrer oraercx ntopy onoponoro npemennoro pxa nx xaxo
crpant c nentm oecneunrt cxopee npemennym nocneonarentnocrt, nexenn
xoppexnnm anntx sa orentnte rot n coornercrnnn c omnm onpeenenn-
em. Kpome roro, neoxonmo n ocotx cnyuaxx anart onenxn.
Oeuru. Onenxn noenntx pacxoon amrcx, npexe ncero, rora, (a) xo-
ra oxnar o]nnnantntx anntx cymecrnenno ornnuaercx or onpeenennx
CHHPH nnn (b) nocneonarentnte npemennt e pxt orcyrcrnymr. B nepnom
cnyuae onenxn amrcx na ocnone anannsa, n nepnym ouepet, o]nnnantnoro
npannrentcrnennoro mxera n cueron pacxoon. Hanonee nceoemnmmne
onenxn raxoro poa nonyuent nx Knrax (npecrannennte n Exeronnxe
CHHPH 1998 n ononnennte n Exeronnxe CHHPH 2011) n Poccnn (npe-
crannennte n Exeronnxe CHHPH 1999). Bo nropom cnyuae, xora nmemrcx
nnmt nenonnte npemennt e pxt, nx rex ner, xoropte oxnauent +rnmn px-
amn, ncnontsymrcx noxasarenn pxon, n nanontme crenenn coornercr-
nymmnx onpeenennm CHHPH. annte sa orcyrcrnymmne rot npnnoxrcx
sarem n nne onenxn, nonyuenno nyrem nepenoca ntpaxenntx n nponenrax
exerontx nsmenenn n antrepnarnnnom pxe na annte n nepnom pxe n ne-
nxx ocrnxennx nocneonarentnocrn no npemenn.
Bce onenxn ocnonant na o]nnnantntx npannrentcrnenntx anntx nnn
nntx +mnnpnuecxnx cnnerentcrnax, nsxrtx ns orxptrtx ncrounnxon. Kax
cnecrnne, no crpanam, xoropte ne npeocrannxmr xaxo-nno o]nnnantno
nn]opmannn, ne npnnonrcx nnxaxnx onenox nnn anntx.
BOEHHBE PACXOB 231
Onenxn CHHPH npnnoxrcx n rannnax n xnaparntx cxoxax. Kpyrnte
cxoxn ncnontsymrcx, xora annte ntstnamr comnenne no npnunnam, ne
sanncxmnm or CHHPH, nanpnmep, ns-sa neocrarouno naexnocrn ncrounn-
xa, a raxxe n cnyuaxx, xora annte, ntpaxennte n nocroxnntx nenax n on-
napax CBA nnn n nne onn n BBH, comnnrentnt ns-sa orcyrcrnnx naex-
ntx +xonomnuecxnx anntx.
annte sa ontmnncrno nocnennx ner nxnmuamr n cex na rnna one-
nox, ornocxmnxcx xo ncem crpanam. Bo-nepntx, annte sa +rn rot npe-
crannxmr yrnepxennt mxer, mxernte npenoxennx nnn nepecmor-
pennte onenxn, no+romy ontmax nx uacrt n nocneymmne rot yer yrou-
nena. Bo-nroptx, n ran. 4.9 e]nxrop, npnmenxemt nx nocnenero roa
npemennoro pxa, npecrannxer coo onenxy, paccunrannym na ocnone an-
ntx sa nenonnt ro, nno npenoxenno Mexynapontm nanmrntm ]on-
om (MBu). Ecnn +rn onenxn ne xnnxmrcx ncxnmunrentno neonpeenennt-
mn, cxoxamn onn ne ntenxmrcx.
Omne nrorn no mnpy, orentntm pernonam, oprannsannxm n rpynnam
crpan, ntenenntm no pasmepy oxoa, n ran. 4.1 onenxn, nocxontxy ne
ncera nmemrcx annte no ncem crpanam n sa nce rot. B cnyuaxx, xora
annte no crpane orcyrcrnymr n nauane nnn xonne pxa, +rn onenxn paccun-
rtnamrcx ncxox ns npenonoxennx, uro remnt nsmenennx n +ro crpane
ananornunt cpennm remnam no ncem pernone, x xoropomy ona ornocnrcx. B
cnyuaxx, xora annte orcyrcrnymr n cepenne pxa, onenxn paccunrtnamrcx
ncxox ns npenonoxennx pannomepnocrn rpena mexy xoneuntmn snaue-
nnxmn. Kora no crpane nentsx cenart nnxaxo onenxn, ona ncxnmuaercx ns
omnx nrorontx anntx.
Pac:emi. Hepnnunte annte no crpane npnnoxrcx n nannonantno na-
nmre n rexymnx nenax (ran. 4.8) sa ]nnanconte rot. Te crpant, re ]n-
nanconte rot ne connaamr c xanenapntmn, yxasant n ran. 4.8. Bo ncex
cnyuaxx, xpome onoro, noxasarenn, npnneennte nx annoro roa, ornocxr-
cx x ]nnanconomy roy, naunnammemycx n +rom xanenapnom roy. Hcxnmue-
nnem xnnxmrcx CBA, re nce noxasarenn amrcx sa ]nnanconte rot, naun-
nammnecx 1 oxrxpx npetymero roa no ornomennm x oosnauennomy.
Hecxontxo crpan n nepno 2002 2011 rr. nsmennnn cnon ]nnanconte rot.
3rn cnyuan ynomxnyrt n cnocxax.
annte n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax n n nne onn n BBH
(ran. 4.9 n 4.10) noxasant sa xanenapnte rot, uro enaer neoxonmtm
nx nexoroptx crpan nepecuer anntx sa ]nnancont ro n annte sa xa-
nenapnt ro. 3rn pacuert ocnonant na npenonoxennn o pannomepnocrn
remnon pacxoon n reuenne ]nnanconoro roa. 3arem annte n mecrno na-
nmre nepecunrtnamrcx n onnapt CBA n nocroxnntm nenax n no omen-
ntm xypcam (ran. 4.9) c ncnontsonannem nannonantntx nnexcon nen na
norpenrentcxne ronapt nx coornercrnymme crpant n exeronoro cpene-
ro ptnounoro omennoro xypca.
Hcnontsonanne nnexcon norpenrentcxnx nen n xauecrne e]nxropon
osnauaer, uro renennnx nnamnxn anntx CHHPH o noenntx pacxoax nx
xaxo crpant (n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax) orpaxaer peantnte
nsmenennx noxynarentno cnoconocrn n ornomennn rnnnuno nx anno
crpant xopsnnt rpaxancxnx norpenrentcxnx ronapon. Cnenn]nuecxn
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 232
noennt e]nxrop tn t npnroen n ontme mepe, no nx ontmnncrna
crpan on orcyrcrnyer.
Omennte xypct na ocnone napnrera noxynarentno cnoconocrn
(HHC), paccunrannte na ocnone BBH, tnn t antrepnarnno ptnountm
omenntm xypcam (POK). Kypct HHC nyume no cpannennm c POK npecran-
nxmr oem ronapon n ycnyr, xoropte moxno xynnrt na onpeenennym cymmy
ener n nmo crpane. Onaxo onn ne xnnxmrcx oxsarentno nyumnm no
cpannennm c POK noxasarenem oema ronapon n ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx,
xoropte moxno nonyunrt (uro nopono paccmorpeno n Exeronnxe CHHPH
2006). B uacrnocrn, xypct HHC npx nn orpasxr ornocnrentnte sarpart na
rexnonornn n cncremt nepeontx nnon noopyxenn n xaxo ns crpan.
uaxrnuecxn annte o noenntx pacxoax, xaxo t omennt xypc nn nc-
nontsonancx, ne moryr rouno nsmepnrt noennt norennnan. Taxnm opasom,
xypct HHC ne amr nyumero yxasannx na ro, uro crpana ecrnnrentno
rparnr; cxopee onn nsmepxmr ro, xaxo antrepnarnnnt oem ronapon n yc-
nyr mor trt xynnen n paccmarpnnaemo crpane, ecnn t entrn ncnontsona-
nnct nx pyrnx nene. C pyro cropont, POK nsmepxmr ro, uro na noennte
pacxot moxno xynnrt na mnpontx ptnxax. Kpome roro, nocxontxy xypct
HHC xnnxmrcx onenxamn, onn menee naexnt, uem POK. Taxnm opasom,
CHHPH ncnontsyer nx nepecuera anntx o noenntx pacxoax n onnapt
CBA ptnounte omennte xypct, necmorpx na nx orpannuennocrt, xax ca-
mt npocro n nanonee oexrnnnt noxasarent nx conocrannennx mex-
ynapontx yponne pacxoon.


Hcmo:uuru uuqop+auu

Hcrounnxamn anntx o noenntx pacxoax cnyxar (n nopxxe ouepeno-
crn): (a) nepnnunte ncrounnxn, r. e. o]nnnantnte annte, npecrannennte
npannrentcrnamn crpan nno n o]nnnantntx nynnxannxx, nno n ornerax na
onpocnte nncrt; (b) nropnunte ncrounnxn, xoropte cctnamrcx na nepnnu-
nte annte; (c) npoune nropnunte ncrounnxn.
B nepnym rpynny nxoxr nannonantnax mxernax oxymenrannx, Fe-
nte xnnrn no nonpocam oopont n crarncrnxa rocyapcrnenntx ]nnancon, a
raxxe ornert na onpocnte nncrt CHHPH, xoropte exerono pacctnamrcx n
mnnncrepcrna ]nnancon n oopont, nenrpantnte anxn n nannonantnte
crarncrnuecxne mpo crpan, naxoxmnxcx n ase anntx CHHPH o noenntx
pacxoax. Cma raxxe ornocxrcx ornert npannrentcrnenntx opranon na on-
pocnte nncrt o noenntx pacxoax, pacctnaemte OOH n, no oronopennocrn
c camnmn crpanamn, Oprannsanne no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n En-
pone (OFCE).
Bropax xareropnx oxnartnaer mexynaponte crarncrnuecxne nsannx,
ntnycxaemte, nanpnmep, HATO n MBu. annte no 16 crpanam unenam
HATO, ncrynnnmnm n antxnc o 1999 r., rpannnonno pannct ns crarncrnxn
HATO o noenntx pacxoax, nynnxyemo n pxe nsann HATO. Bneenne
HATO nonoro onpeenennx noenntx pacxoon n 2005 r. sacrannno no nexoro-
ptm crpanam HATO sa nocnenne rot npnernyrt x pyrnm ncrounnxam.
annte no mnornm pasnnnammnmcx crpanam nsxrt ns Exeronnxa eocyoap-
BOEHHBE PACXOB 233
cmeeuuo quuaucoeo cmamucmuru MB4, n xoropom coepxarcx cneennx o
pacxoax na oopony ontmnncrna rocyapcrn unenon MBu, a raxxe ns or-
ueron corpynnxon MBu no orentntm crpanam. K +ro xe rpynne ornocxrcx
nynnxannn pyrnx oprannsann, n xoroptx nmemrcx coornercrnymmne
cctnxn na raxne ncnontsonannte nepnnunte ncrounnxn, xax, nanpnmep, no-
roronnennte Economist Intelligence Unit crpanonte oruert.
Tpertx xareropnx ncrounnxon cocronr ns cnennannsnponanntx xypna-
non n raser.
Ocnonntmn ncrounnxamn +xonomnuecxnx anntx cnyxar nynnxannn
MBu: International Financial Statistics, World Economic Outlook n oruert co-
rpynnxon MBu no orentntm crpanam.


Cemi CHHPH no eoeuui+ pacxooa+

Fnaroapnm sa coecrnne n npeocrannenne anntx o noenntx pacxo-
ax, onenxn n xoncyntrannn: xynnana Kynepa (Henrp poccncxnx n nocrou-
noenponecxnx nccneonann, Ynnnepcnrer Fnpmnnrema), nmnrapa nmnr-
pona (Ynnnepcnrer nannonantnoro n mnponoro xosxcrna, Co]nx), Hnnro Iy-
+napa n Moxno (Colectivo de Analisis de la Seguridad con Democracia,
Queretaro), Imnax Imnnmx-Cenecena (Ynnnepcnrer Cramyna), Hynnny 3p-
naneca (Acconnannx no nsyuennm n coecrnnm esonacnocrn n emoxpa-
rnn, Inaremana Cnrn), Bnpa Xenepa (Antrepnarnnnt nn]opmannonnt
nenrp, Hepycannm), Hanana Hapa (xarpyrn Cena Cancrxa, Hyna), 3nnny
Hyp (Manasncxn nncrnryr crparernuecxnx n mexynapontx nccneona-
nn, Kyana-Hymnyp), Tamapy Harapax (Kanxascxn nncrnryr mnpa, emoxpa-
rnn n pasnnrnx, Tnnncn), Tomaca Bnrna (xonnex Ynnnepcnrera Hnnxont-
na, Fy+noc-Apec), Hepxana Henrmpxa (Cramyntcxn ynnnepcnrer Fnnrn),
Tamnna 3aoyna (Mexynapont HE, Croxrontm) n Ospena 3ynnua
(Ynnnepcnrer 3arpea).

5. HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPYEHHH
H BOEHHBE YCAYIH


KPATKHH OF3OP

Kpusuc eocyoapcmeeuuix pacxoooe ua Mupoeo+ Ceeepe eue ue orasa.
oo.iuoeo eceooueeo eosoecmeu ua rpynueuue ro+nauuu e npouseoocmee
eoopy+euu u ro+nauuu, npeoocmae.muue yc.yeu eoeuuoeo uasua:euu
(eoeuua npo+iu.euuocmi). Hpooa+u eoopy+euu u eoeuuix yc.ye rpyn-
ueuu+u eoeuuo-npo+iu.euui+u ro+nauu+u 100 rpynueuu+u us cnucra
CHHPH e 2010 e. npooo.+a.u yee.u:ueamic u oocmue.u 411.1 +.po oo...,
xom me+ni npupocma e pea.iuo+ eipa+euuu oi.u ua 1% +euiue, :e+ e
2009 e. (c+. pasoe. IV omo e.aei). C 2002 no 2010 e. npooa+u eoopy+euu
ro+nauu+u us cnucra 100 rpynueuux yee.u:u.uci ua 60%.
Hauoo.ee eepomua npu:uua maroeo omcymcmeu sua:ume.iuix nepe-
+eu cocmoum e mo+, :mo e.uuue +upoeoeo quuaucoeoeo cnaoa omr.aoiea-
emc cmpyrmypo eoeuuo npo+iu.euuocmu (:mo oi.o pacc+ompeuo e
E+eeoouure CHHPH 2011). Oouu+ us qarmopoe, cnocoocmeymuux ooue+y
cnaoy e 2010 e., e..oci corpaueuue :uc.euuocmu eocr Coeouueuuix
Lmamoe e Hpare u o+uoaeueec ma+ cuu+euue cnpoca co cmopoui eoo-
py+euuix cu. CLA.
Heonpeoe.euuocmi e cqepe orouo+uru u pacxoooe rar e CLA, mar u e
3anaouo Eepone ora+em oouee e.uuue ua uanpae.euue, e romopi+ oyoym
paseueamic u pea.usoeieamic npoepa++i eoopy+euu, u me+ ca+i+ oua
y+e euec.a ceo er.ao e ueonpeoe.euuocmi omuocume.iuo moeo, coxpaumc
.u npooa+u opy+u e npe+ue+ ooe+e u.u oyoym yee.u:ueamic me+u +e
me+na+u, :mo u e npou.o+. B.uuue omoeo qarmopa ua npouseooume.e
eoopy+euu, oasupoeaeuuxc e CLA u 3anaouo Eepone, u..mcmpupyemc
3arouo+ o omo+emuix no.uo+o:ux ua uauoua.iuym ooopouy CLA ua
2012 e. u oucryccu+u omuocume.iuo npouseoocmeeuuoeo compyouu:ecmea e
eoeuuo npo+iu.euuocmu e 3anaouo Eepone (c+. pasoe. I).
3arou o omo+emuix no.uo+o:ux ua uauoua.iuym ooopouy CLA co-
oep+um ueoouosua:ui noci. e omuoueuuu a+epuraucro eoeuuo npo-
+iu.euuocmu. C oouo cmopoui, ou noooep+ueaem +uoeue us rpynueuux,
uauoo.ee oopoeocmouux npoepa++ eoopy+euu CLA, uanpu+ep no ooeeo+y
ca+o.emy F-35 (ro+ouuupoeauui umyp+oeur-ucmpeoume.i). Paspeueuue ua
npooo.+euue pacxoooeauu cpeocme ua omu oopoeocmouue npoepa++i eo-
eopum o mo+, :mo npooa+u opy+u ua piure CLA, eepomuo, ocmauymc e
sua:ume.iuo cmeneuu ueus+eueuui+u no cpaeueuum c meryuu+ ypoeue+. C
opyeo cmopoui, uoeie npaeu.a sar.m:euu roumparmoe, racamuuec pas-
oe.euu pucroe +e+oy npaeume.icmeo+ CLA u ro+nauu+u, eiuepieam-
uu+u roumparmi ua nocmaery eoopy+euu, osua:amm, :mo no +epe pas-
eepmieauu omux npoepa++ ua npo+iu.euuocmi .+em nomeuua.iuo oo-
.ee m+e.oe ope+.
4uuaucoei rpusuc ompasu.c ua oucryccux omuocume.iuo compyouu-
:ecmea e eoeuuo npo+iu.euuocmu 3anaouo Eeponi, xom omu oucryccuu
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 235
nora eue ue ei.u.uci e ua.a+ueauue uuporo+acumaouoeo compyouu:ecmea
maroeo pooa. 3anaouoeeponecrue cmpaui oocyou.u u ua:a.u pea.usoeieami
coe+ecmuie cmpameeuu paspaoomor u npouseoocmea cucme+ oecnu.omuix
.ema.iuix annapamoe (BHA), u e umue 2011 e. Eeponecra ro+uccu uuu-
uupoea.a npoecc paspaoomru u cosoauu oecnu.omuix .emame.iuix cuc-
me+. Oouaro omu npoermi nora eue ue eiu.u ua cmaoum pea.usauu, o :e+
ceuoeme.icmeyem cmaeuau npoerma Talarion.
Heromopie r.m:eeie cermopa eoeuuix yc.ye marue rar ooc.y+uea-
uue, eoccmauoe.euue u pe+oum, noooep+ra cucme+, .oeucmura u ooy:euue
uuocmpauuix eoeuuix orasa.uci oo.ee ycmo:uei+u r e.uuum eieooa
eocr us Hpara u +upoeo quuaucoeo uecmaou.iuocmu. Hx oo.eocpo:ui
pocm +o+em oimi ooyc.oe.eu poo+ npousoueouux noc.e orou:auu xo.oo-
uo eoui nepe+eu, er.m:a cmpyrmypuym nepecmpory eoeuuix nompeouo-
cme u cuu+euue euympeuueeo nomeuua.a o. cosoauu ece oo.ee c.o+uix
cucme+. Hpeocmae.emc, :mo eospocuee oae.euue ua eocyoapcmeeuuie
pacxooi, romopoe noeicu.o eepomuocmi corpaueuu eoeuuix pacxoooe,
oyoem cnocoocmeoeami yee.u:euum cnpoca ua yc.yeu, npeoocmae.e+ie cmo-
pouuu+u nocmaeuura+u, uanpu+ep, ua yc.yeu ooc.y+ueauu, eoccmauoe.euu
u pe+ouma cucme+ eoopy+euu (c+. pasoe. II). Ho+u+o eospocueeo cocpe-
oomo:euu ua npeoocmae.euuu eoeuuix yc.ye, ro+nauuu, nimaci coxpauumi
ceou :ucmie npuoi.u, onupammc u ua opyeue oe.oeie cmpameeuu. 3a+em-
ui+ cooimue+ cma. pocm :uc.a noe.oueuu qup+, cneua.usupymuuxc e
oo.acmu ruoepoesonacuocmu, nocro.iry rpynueuue eoeuuo-npo+iu.euuie
ro+nauuu cmapammc oepaoumi ceo om nomeuua.iuix corpaueuu eoeu-
uix pacxoooe u nepe+euammc ua c+e+uie piuru (c+. pasoe. I).
Muoeue cmpaui sa npeoe.a+u Mupoeoeo Ceeepa nimammc paseueami
ca+onoooep+ueamuymc uauoua.iuym eoeuuym npo+iu.euuocmi. Honim-
ru Huouu +ooepuusupoeami, oouoe.mi u ooc.y+ueami eoeuuym mexuury
ceoux eoopy+euuix cu. u pacuupumi ceo eoeuui nomeuua. npeepamu.u
ee e rpynueueeo u+nopmepa ocuoeuix euooe eoopy+euu. Hauoua.iua
eoeuua npo+iu.euuocmi cmpaui mar+e cmapaemc yooe.emeopmi omom
cnpoc uanpu+ep, noeiua mexuo.oeu:ecru ypoeeui nocpeocmeo+ nepeoa:u
mexuo.oeu, oouaro uuoucra ooopouuo-npo+iu.euua no.umura mpeoy-
em rapouua.iuoeo peqop+upoeauu (c+. pasoe. III).
Ko+nauuu, oasupymuuec e CLA, e 2010 e. ocmaea.uci eo e.aee cnucra
CHHPH 100 rpynueuux eoeuuo-npo+iu.euuix ro+nauu u ro+nauu, ora-
sieamuux yc.yeu eoeuuoeo uasua:euu, u ua uux npuxoou.oci ceiue 60%
npooa+ opy+u 100 rpynueuux ro+nauu e cnucre CHHPH (c+. pasoe. IV).
Huc.euuocmi sanaouoeeponecrux ro+nauu e omo+ cnucre corpamu.aci oo
30, a opasu.icra ro+nauu Embraer eou.a e :uc.o 100 rpynueuux. B pe-
sy.imame npooo.+amuec rouco.uoauu e eoeuuo npo+iu.euuocmu Poc-
cuu cpeou eeoyuux npouseooume.e eoopy+euu noeu.aci eue ooua +ame-
puucra ropnopau Ooeouueuua cyoocmpoume.iua ropnopau.

Ctmsan T. EKCOH
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 236

I. KHRuEBIE COFITH B OCHOBHIX CTPAHAX,
HPOH3BOBHX BOOPYEHH

Ctmsan T. EKCOH

Coxpanxmmnecx nocnecrnnx mnponoro ]nnanconoro n +xonomnuecxoro
xpnsnca sacrannnn mnorne crpant Mnponoro Cenepa ocyxart n npononrt
snaunrentnte coxpamennx pacxoon n nenxx cnnxennx e]nnnron rocyap-
crnenntx ]nnancon. 3rn npenaraemte coxpamennx rexymnx n yymnx ro-
cyapcrnenntx pacxoon otuno sarparnnann n noennte pacxot, n, cneo-
narentno, mornn nonnnxrt na noennym npomtmnennocrt n nponsnocrno no-
enntx ycnyr
1
.
B Coennenntx Brarax, n uacrnocrn, nonnrnuecxne pasnornacnx no no-
npocy o rom, xax cnnsnrt e]nnnr mxera, napxy c coxpamennem uncnen-
nocrn n, n xoneunom nrore, ntnoom nocx ns Hpaxa n sannannponanntm nt-
noom nocx ns A]ranncrana, cosann nectma nenpecxasyemym cnryannm n
ornomennn noenntx pacxoon CBA, n, xax cnecrnne, mnpono noenno
npomtmnennocrn. Coxpamenne noenntx pacxoon n pamxax ycnnn no cnn-
xennm e]nnnra n 3anano Enpone raxxe norennnantno cxaxercx na pas-
paorxe n peannsannn nporpamm noopyxenn. 3rn cotrnx cnnxamr remnt
pocra npoax opyxnx 100 xpynnemnx noenno-npomtmnenntx xomnann n
xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx: onn ocrnrnn
maxcnmantntx 13% n 2003 r. n samennnnct n nepno c 2006 no 2009 r., a n
2010 r. ynann o 1% (cm. ran. 5.1).
Hepnonauantnte coomennx o npoaxax opyxnx n 2011 r. tnn nporn-
nopeunntmn. B nexoroptx cnyuaxx oemt npoax, xax n oxnanoct, cnnsn-
nnct nocne sanepmennx ntnonnennx xonrpaxrntx oxsarentcrn. Hanpnmep,
pnrancxax BAE Systems coomnna o cnnxennn noxasarene sa nepnym no-
nonnny 2011 r. ns-sa ymentmennx oema nponsnocrna nopasenennx Land
and Armaments n sanepmennx cnoe uacrn paor no nporpamme F-22
2
. pyrne
xomnannn coomann o pocre npoax, nocxontxy peannsannx nporpamm, n xo-
roptx onn tnn saecrnonant, npoonxannct. B cnoem ]nnanconom oruere
sa rpern xnapran 2011 r. amepnxancxax xomnannx Lockheed Martin ntpasnna
npenonoxenne, uro ee conoxynnte npoaxn n 2011 r. ocrnrnyr 47 mnp
onn. npn pocre npoax rpex ns ee uertpex nopasenenn n npaxrnuecxn
nensmennom oeme npoax uerneproro nopasenennx
3
. Touno rax xe cono-
xynnte npoaxn rypenxo Aselsan sa nepnte enxrt mecxnen 2011 r. tnn na
33% ntme, uem sa ananornunt nepno 2010 r.
4
Tpertn xomnannn noxasann

1
O nsmenennxx n noenntx pacxoax cm. pasent I, III n V rnant 4 nacroxmero nsannx.
2
BAE Systems, Half-yearly Report and Presentation 2011 (BAE Systems: London, 2011).
3
Lockheed Martin, Lockheed Martin announces third quarter 2011 results, Press release, 26
Oct. 2011, <http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2011/october/3Q-2011-
earnings.html>.
4
Aselsan, 30 Eylul 2011 tarihindesonaerendokuzaylikaradoneme ait ozetkonsolidefi-
nansaltablolar, [Consolidated financial statements for the period ended 30 September 2011],
<http://www.aselsan.com.tr/Content.aspx? mid=119&oid=934>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 237
pocr npoax, xoropt oruacrn mor trt oycnonnen nornomennxmn, xax +ro
nmeno mecro n cnyuae c noxynxo ]pannyscxo xomnanne Safran mantx n
cpennx npenpnxrn
5
.


Tannna 5.1. Hpoaan opyann 100 xpynnenmnun noenno-npoummnennmun xounannnun
n xounannnun, npeoc1annnmmnun ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennn, n 20022010 rr.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2002
2010
Hpooa+u eoopy+euu e nocmouuix euax u no oo+euui+ rypca+ 2010 e.
Bcero 257 279 317 325 340 356 379 406 411
(n mnp onn.)
Hsmenenne (%) 13 10 2 5 5 6 7 1 60
Hpooa+u eoopy+euu e meryuux euax u no piuo:ui+ oo+euui+ rypca+
Bcero 196 235 274 289 312 347 385 399 411
(n mnp onn.)
Hsmenenne (%) 20 17 5 8 11 12 4 3 110

Hpu+e:auue: n +ro rannne annte ornocxrcx x xomnannxm, nxoxmnm n cnncox
CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa coornercrnymmn ro, n, cneonarentno, sa pasnte
rot npecrannxmr pasnte naopt xomnann, panxnponanntx n coornercrnnn c nocneona-
rentntmn pxamn anntx. B uacrnocrn, +ro osnauaer, uro npnneennte ntme annte sa 2009
r. ne connaamr c anntmn n ran. 5.4.
Hcmo:uur: rannna 5.5; asa anntx CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn.


Mnorne crpant sa npeenamn 3anano Enpont n Cenepno Amepnxn,
raxne xax Hnnx n nexoropte crpant Fnnxnero n Cpenero Bocroxa, npo-
onxamr ocymecrnnxrt xpynnte npoexrt saxynox noopyxenn n n pesyntra-
re mnorne sananoenponecxne n cenepoamepnxancxnx xomnannn npnnnmamr
crparernn, xoropte oramr npnopnrer mapxernnry nx opyxnx nmenno n +rnx
crpanax
6
. Ananornuntm opasom cenannoe n xonne 2011 r. nonne oxn-
nenne o rom, uro ona namepenaercx cnxrt sanper na +xcnopr opyxnx oruacrn
pan noepxxn cnoe nannonantno noenno npomtmnennocrn n norennn-
antnoro cnnxennx yentntx nsepxex cnnerentcrnyer o pocre npnopnrer-
nocrn +xcnopra opyxnx na Mnponom Cenepe
7
. B nenom coxpanxmmaxcx no
mnornx mecrax neonpeenennocrt c mxerom cnococrnyer ome neonpe-
enennocrn ornocnrentno npoax opyxnx n yymem.

5
Safran, Safran reports improved half-year results for 2011 with a recurring operating margin
of nearly 10% of revenue, Press release, 28 July 2011, <http://www.safran-group.com/site-safran-
en/finance-397/financial-publications/financial-press-releases/2011727/>.
6
Cm., nanpnmep: BAE Systems, Annual Report 2010: Total Performance Across Our Mar-
kets (BAE Systems: London, [2011]), p. 4; n Harris Corporation, When It Matters Most, Who Can
You Trust? 2010 Annual Report (Harris Corporation: Melbourne, FL, 2010), p. 17.
7
Dawson, C., Japan lifts decades long ban on export of weapons, Wall Street Journal, 28
Dec. 2011; n Japanese Ministry of Defense, Press conference by the defense minister, 27 Dec.
2011, <http://www.mod.go.jp/e/pressconf/2011/12/111227.html>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 238
3axon o mae1nmx nonnouounnx na nannonantnym
oopony CmA na 2012 r.

3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na nannonantnym oopony na 2012
]nn. r., xoropt tn npnnxr Konrpeccom CBA n exape 2011 r., aer nexo-
ropoe npecrannenne o rom, uero moxno oxnart na ptnxe noopyxenn CBA
n nnxame nepcnexrnne
8
. Xorx n ncxyccnxx no +romy oxymenry npocne-
xnnanact renennnx x cocpeorouennm nnnmannx na yponne amepnxancxnx
noenntx pacxoon, rnannax pont 3axona o mxerntx nonnomounxx na na-
nnonantnym oopony CBA cocronr n yrnepxennn accnrnonann na exe-
ronoe ]nnancnponanne saxynox noenno rexnnxn, n no+romy on oxastnaer
nnnxnne na noennym npomtmnennocrt.
Xorx xpnsnc rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon napacraer n necxontxnx cexro-
pax rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon CBA, 3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na
nannonantnym oopony na 2012 r. emoncrpnpyer, uro mnorne xpynnte npo-
nsnonrenn noopyxenn n nacroxmee npemx ncntrtnamr mentmee annenne.
On ne npeycmarpnnaer cymecrnenntx xpynnomacmrantx coxpamenn ]n-
nancnponannx saxynox rexnnxn, noxastnax, uro pacxot na noopyxenne na
xpynnemem ptnxe opyxnx n mnpe coxpanxrcx npnmepno na ntnemnem
yponne. Tem ne menee onnm ns xnmuentx onpanann, npnnonmtx n xaue-
crne oocnonannx nx crparern n pemenn xomnann no coxpamennm pao-
unx mecr nnn cnnxnnxm n nornomennxm, xnnxercx npenonaraemoe coxpame-
nne pacxoon na noopyxenne n CBA n pesyntrare xpnsnca rocyapcrnenntx
pacxoon.
Cpen nporpamm, pacxot na xoropte, cornacno 3axony o mxerntx
nonnomounxx na nannonantnym oopony na 2012 r., coxpanxmrcx nporpam-
mt nasemnoro oenoro rpancnopra, raxrnuecxoro xonecnoro rpancnoprnoro
cpecrna n camonera C/MV-22
9
. 3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na nanno-
nantnym oopony raxxe paspemaer npoonxart ]nnancnponanne nporpammt
F-35 (xomnnnponannoro mrypmonnxa-ncrpenrenx), necmorpx na ee snaun-
rentnym cronmocrt n cptnt cpoxon nocranox
10
. 3ra nporpamma xnnxercx ca-
mo oporo n, nosmoxno, camo npornnopeunno nporpammo saxynox noo-
pyxennx n ncropnn CBA, xoropax, cornacno npornosam, ooercx crpane n
382 mnp onn. sa 2443 camonera
11
. B nporpamme, nosrnannxemo Lockheed

8
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, US Public Law no. 112-81, signed
into law 31 Dec. 2011, <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z? d112: h.r.01540:>. O earax
no nonoy mxera n noenntx pacxoon CBA cm. raxxe pasen III rnant 4 nacroxmero ns-
annx.
9
US House of Representatives, Armed Services Committee, The National Defense Authori-
zation Act for FY 2012: highlights of the conference report, 12 Dec. 2011, <http://armedservices.
house.gov/index.cfm? p=ndaa-conference-report-highlights>.
10
US House of Representatives (cnocxa 9); US Government Accountability Office (GAO),
Joint Strike Fighter, GAO-10-382 (GAO: Washington, DC, Mar. 2010); n Dunn, M. M., Wash-
ington perspective: FY12 NDAA, Air Force Association Blog, 16 Dec. 2011, <http://airforce
association.blogspot.com/2011/12/washington-perspective-fy12-ndaa.html>.
11
Kax yxastnanoct mnnncrepcrnom oopont, n +ry cymmy ne nxoxr pacxot na
+xcnnyarannm n ocnyxnnanne, xoropte CBA npnercx necrn n reuenne ncero cpoxa cnyxt
camoneron, n +ro osnauaer, uro sarpart moryr npentcnrt 1 rpnn onn. US Department of De-
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 239
Martin, npnnnmamr yuacrne xomnannn ns enxrn crpan-naprnepon n paspaor-
xe n nponsnocrne ncrpenrenx nxroro noxonennx. Xorx n nnxame nep-
cnexrnne onacnocrt ceptesnoro coxpamennx ]nnancnponannx orcyrcrnyer,
3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na nannonantnym oopony rpeyer or sa-
mecrnrenx mnnncrpa oopont CBA no saxynxam, rexnonornxm n rtnonomy
oecneuennm pacnpocrpannrt na nporpammy F-35 ecrnne 3axona o pe]opme
saxynox cncrem noopyxenn 2009 r., oruacrn nx roro, urot nyume onennrt
sarpart na npoexr
12
. Kpome roro, 3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na na-
nnonantnym oopony rpeyer, urot yymee nponsnocrno nepntx menxo-
cepnntx naprn, xoropte nosnonxr nporecrnponart rexnnxy o nauana mac-
conoro nponsnocrna n saxynxn cncremt, ocymecrnnxnoct no xonrpaxram c
]nxcnponanntmn nenamn, n Lockheed Martin npnmnoct cornacnrtcx nsxrt na
cex ncm ornercrnennocrt sa npentmenne pacxoon
13
. 3ro cymecrnennoe ns-
menenne no cpannennm c onee pannnm xonrpaxrom, no xoropomy npannrent-
crno cornamanoct onnaunnart npentmenne pacxoon.
Xorx mnnncrepcrno oopont n Konrpecc CBA cxoxrcx n rom, uro npn
coxpamennn pacxoon cneyer yunrtnart ero nosecrnne na npomtmnennym
n rexnonornuecxym asy oopont CBA n rapanrnponart npntnt noenno
npomtmnennocrn, nsmenenne n xonrpaxre no F-35 xnnxercx onnm ns pxa
cnyuaen, xora mnnncrepcrno oopont npenarano nnecrn n xonrpaxrt c npo-
nsnonrenxmn noopyxenn nonpanxn c nentm nepenoxnrt uacrt pncxon no
nsepxxam na npomtmnennocrt
14
. B noxpe 2011 r. n xonnexrnnnom nnctme

fense (DOD), Selected Acquisition Report (SAR): F-35 (DOD: Washington, DC, 31 Dec. 2010),
p. 53; n Thierney, D., The F-35: a weapon that costs more than Australia, The Atlantic, Mar.
2011. O nepecuere cronmocrn cm.: Gertler, J., F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Back-
ground and Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress
RL30563 (US Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 26 Apr. 2011).
12
3ror saxon pe]opmnpyer nponecc saxynox n saxnmuennx xonrpaxron na nocranxy
ocnonntx cncrem noopyxennx Mnnncrepcrnom oopont CBA n rpeyer, nanpnmep, npone-
ennx anannsa cronmocrn nontx npoexron n onee rmarentnoro recrnponannx opyxnx o
roro, xax naunercx ero nponsnocrno. Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009, US
Public Law no. 111-23, signed into law 22 May 2009, <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?
d111: s.00454:>; n Tirpak, J. A., Make or break time for the F-35, Airforce Magazine, Aug.
2011.
13
Levin, C. (Senator), Senate Armed Services Committee completes conference on National
Defense Authorization Act for FY12, Press release, 12 Dec. 2011, <http://levin.senate.gov/news
room/press/release/senate-armed-services-committee-completes-conference-on-national-defense-
authorization-act-for-fy12>.
14
Panetta, L., Defense priorities: today and tomorrow, Lee H. Hamilton Lecture, Woodrow
Wilson Center, Washington, DC, 11 Oct. 2011, <http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/defense-
priorities-today-and-tomorrow-secretary-leon-panetta>; Carter, A., The defense industry enters a
new era, Prepared remarks, Cowen Investment Conference, New York, 9 Feb. 2011; US Depart-
ment of Defense, Contracts, no. 1010-11, 9 Dec. 2011, <http://www.defense.gov/contracts/ con-
tract.aspx?contractid=4681>; Adler, L., Pentagon open to mergers, but not at the very top,
Reuters, 9 Feb. 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/09/>; Shalal-Esa, A., Pentagon
vows to keep defense industry healthy, 2 Dec. 2011, <http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/12/01/
pentagon-industry-idINDEE7B00O020111201>; n Moore, J., Sharing the pain & gain of a mul-
timillion-dollar contract, GovConExec, 2 May 2011, <http://www.govconexec.com/2011/03/02/
sharing-the-pain-the-gain-of-a-multimillion-dollar-contract/>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 240
Acconnannn a+poxocmnuecxo npomtmnennocrn onee 100 pyxononrene
a+poxocmnuecxo n ooponno npomtmnennocrn npoxommenrnponann npe-
noxennte mnnncrepcrnom oopont nonpanxn x xonrpaxram
15
. Onn npeynpe-
nnn mnnncrpa oopont CBA Heona Hanerry, uro nontmennt pncx, sano-
xennt n xonrpaxrt, npnneer x romy, uro npenaraemte nsmenennx cnnsxr
yponent xonxypennnn n, raxnm opasom, yyr cnococrnonart nnnonannon-
nomy ropmoxennm, ynennuennm sarpar n maccontm ynontnennxm paornnxon.
pyrne pasent 3axon o mxerntx nonnomounxx na nannonantnym
oopony 2012 r., ne cnxsannte c ]nnancnponannem, raxxe sarparnnamr noen-
nym npomtmnennocrt
16
. Honoxennx o nonnrnuecxom nnnxnnn nopasymena-
mr, uro or nponsnonrene noopyxenn ontme ne rpeyercx pacxptnart nn-
]opmannm o nonnrnuecxo noepxxe nepe yuacrnem n xonxypcax mnnn-
crepcrna oopont. Honoxennx o xonrpa]axrntx sanacntx uacrxx n
xomnnexrymmnx cranxr nepe mnnncrepcrnom oopont n noenno npomtm-
nennocrtm saauy no paspaorxe mexannsmon orcnexnnannx, saepxannx n
naxasannx rex, xro nocrannxer n ncnontsyer xonrpa]axrnte sanacnte uacrn n
xomnnexrymmne n cncremax noopyxennx CBA
17
.


Hornomennn, o1enennn nenpoqnntnmx ax1nnon n npoaan
n Coennennmx m1a1ax

Boenno-npomtmnennte xomnannn n orner na mxernoe annenne
nmemr nosmoxnocrt ntpart ry nnn nnym crparernm, nanpnmep, xonconna-
nnm noennoro nsneca, nnepcn]nxannm n xommepuecxne (r. e. nenoennte)
nnt exrentnocrn n ynopxouenne nponsnocrna nyrem orenennx nenpo-
]nntntx axrnnon. Cotrnx n c]epe cnnxnn n nornomenn n CBA amr ne-
xoropoe npecrannenne o npnmenxemtx crparernxx.
Hoompxx n nenom cnnxnnx n nornomennx n noenno npomtmnennocrn,
Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA n ]enpane 2011 r. nornepnno cnom npnnep-
xennocrt nonnrnxe neoopennx cnnxnn n nornomenn mexy xpynnemn-
mn noenno-npomtmnenntmn xomnannxmn n xomnannxmn, npeocrannxmmn-
mn noennte ycnyrn. Cctnaxct na peut no npemx rano neuepn n 1993 r., n
xoropo ntpaxanact noepxxa xonconnannn n noenno npomtmnennocrn,
samecrnrent mnnncrpa oopont CBA no saxynxam, rexnonornxm n rtnonomy
oecneuennm 3mron Kaprep saxnnn, uro ceronx ocroxrentcrna nsmennnnct,
n mnnncrepcrno oopont ne oopxer cnnxnnx cpen xpynnemnx xomnann.
uro xe xacaercx orenennx nenpo]nntntx axrnnon, ro Kaprep ycomnnncx n
rom, uro noxnnxmmnecx n pesyntrare nonte xomnannn cmoryr ntxnrt n on-

15
Coepxanne nnctma, xoropoe ne tno onynnxonano, xparxo nsnaraercx n: Shalal-Esa,
A., U.S. defense firms blast Pentagon on contract changes, Reuters, 6 Dec. 2011, <http://www.
reuters.com/article/2011/12/07/us-pentagon-industry-idUSTRE7B608O20111207>.
16
US House of Representatives (cnocxa 9); n Levin (cnocxa 13).
17
Levin (cnocxa 13); n Corrin, A. and Weigelt, M., Counterfeit parts, fixed-price contracts,
contactor pay rules and SBIR addressed in Senate Defense Authorization bill, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Contracting Education Academy, 2 Sep. 2011, <http://contractingacademy.gatech.
edu/2011/12/counterfeit-parts-fixed-price-contracts-contractor-pay-rules-and-sbir-addressed-in-
senate-defense-authorization-bill/>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 241
rocpouno nepcnexrnne
18
. Hosnee, n 2011 r., eme onn npecrannrent mnnn-
crepcrna oopont saxnnn, uro, xorx ne cymecrnyer xaxoro-nno ]opmantnoro
cnoa npannn, nx nonyuennx oopennx cnnxnn n nornomenn cpen ame-
pnxancxnx noenno-npomtmnenntx xomnann nepnoro +menona norpeyercx
npnnecrn yenrentnte onot
19
. Onaxo, ecnn coxpamenne pacxoon cy-
mecrnenno cnnsnr cnpoc na nexoropte cncremt noopyxenn, nectma nepoxr-
no, uro mnnncrepcrno oopont nepecmorpnr cnoe nerarnnnoe ornomenne x
xpynnomacmrantm nornomennxm xomnann
20
. B pesyntrare +rnx npornnope-
unntx cnrnanon ocraercx nexcntm, noepxnnaer nn npannrentcrno CBA
xpynnte cnnxnnx n nornomennx n noenno npomtmnennocrn, n xaxne cney-
er cenart ntnot.
Mnorne noenno-npomtmnennte xomnannn n xomnannn, npeocrannxm-
mne ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, nmemr ontmne nannunte pesepnt n sa-
nnrepeconant n nponnxnonennn n cmexnte xommepuecxne cexropa nyrem no-
rnomenn, nopo xpynnomacmrantx
21
. B cenrxpe 2011 r. United Technolo-
gies Corporation (UTC) cornaconana cenxy no npnoperennm a+poxocmnuec-
xo npomtmnenno xomnannn Goodrich Corporation npnnnsnrentno sa
18.4 mnp onn. (nxnmuax 16.5 mnp onn. nannuntmn)
22
. Cornacno UTC
cenxa yxpennr ee nosnnnn n a+poxocmnuecxo n ooponno npomtmnenno-
crn sa cuer pacmnpennx nanasona xommepuecxnx ycnyr, npenaraemtx n ro
npemx, xora nponsnocrno n xommepuecxo a+poxocmnuecxo npomtmnenno-
crn ynennunnaercx. Kpome roro, ona yer cnococrnonart npoaxam UTC
npoyxnnn noennoro nasnauennx
23
. 3ra cenxa xnnxercx xpynneme, namno-
ro npenocxoxme nce pyrne n mnpono noenno npomtmnennocrn n no-
cnenne rot, n moxer orpaxart nnxenne x conepmennm xpynnomacmra-
ntx cenox cpen noenno-nponsnocrnenntx xomnann n xomnann, npeoc-
rannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, no xpane mepe, n CBA.
pyrne xomnannn namepenamrcx ynopxounrt cno nsnec nyrem ore-
nennx nenpo]nntntx n ne+]]exrnnntx nopasenenn c nentm nororo-
nnrtcx x ptnxy, xoropt, xax onn oxnamr, yer coxpamartcx
24
. Komnannx

18
Adler (cnocxa 14). O rano neuepe, cm.: Dunne, J. P. and Surry, E., Arms production,
SIPRI Yearbook 2006, pp. 399401.
19
Shalal-Esa (cnocxa 14).
20
Shalal-Esa, A., Bigger firms seen in the next US defense consolidation, Reuters, 20
Sep. 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/20/us-defense-consolidation-idUSTRE78J4MY
20110920>.
21
Shalal-Esa (cnocxa 20).
22
United Technologies Corporation, United Technologies to acquire Goodrich Corporation:
complements and strengthens position in aerospace and defense industry, Press release, 21
Sep. 2011, <http://utc.com/News/Press+Releases/>. B cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomna-
nn n 2010 r. xomnannx UTC sannmaer 10-e mecro, a Goodrich 41-e mecro. Cm. pasen IV nnxe.
23
Lemer, J., UTC to acquire Goodrich for $16.5bn, Financial Times, 22 Sep. 2011.
24
Orenenne nenpo]nntntx axrnnon n noenno npomtmnennocrn n orpacnn no npe-
ocrannennm ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx moxer yxastnart na onee mnpoxym renennnm x
pannonannsannn nsneca n ynopxounnannm exrentnocrn, cymecrnymme n mnpe xopnopa-
nn. Cm.: Thomas, H., Rise in spin-offs as groups focus on valuation, Financial Times, 4 July
2011.
Homnmo onncanntx sect cenox, eme ono samerno cenxo no orenennm nenpo-
]nntntx axrnnon n nauane 2011 r. crano ntenenne cyocrponrentnoro nopasenennx xop-
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 242
ITT Corporation n 2011 r. pasennnact na rpn orentntx xomnannn, nxnmuax
ITT Exelis, tnmym panee nopasenennem xopnopannn, nastnanmnmcx ITT
Defense and Information Systems. Ho coomennxm, npnunnamn +roro orene-
nnx n ocnonnom tnn neyonnernopnrentnte pesyntrart exrentnocrn ITT
Defense and Information Systems n oxnannx roro, uro coxpamenne noenntx
pacxoon cosacr ontmym xonxypennnm sa xonrpaxrt n onacrxx, re ecr-
nyer ITT Exelis
25
.
B nmne 2011 r. Komnannx L-3 Communication Holding oxnnna, uro e
npnercx orennrt nxoxmne n nopasenenne Government Solutions npe-
npnxrnx n npeopasonart nx n nynnunym axnnonepnym xomnannm no npe-
ocrannennm ycnyr rocyapcrny, Engility Corporation, xoropax cocpeorounr-
cx na npeocrannennn pxa ycnyr Mnnncrepcrny oopont CBA, rpaxan-
cxnm neomcrnam npannrentcrna CBA n mexynapontm saxasunxam. Kpome
roro, L-3 oennnr cnom exrentnocrt no paspaorxe nn]opmannonntx
rexnonorn, pasnetnarentntx cncrem n cncrem esonacnocrn n nonoe no-
pasenenne no nasnannem National Security Solutions c nentm cxonnenrpnpo-
nartcx na ocnyxnnannn mnnncrepcrna oopont, pasnexn n mnpontx saxas-
unxon, ecrnymmnx n c]epe oecneuennx esonacnocrn. Cornacno pyxono-
crny L-3 orenenne axrnnon xnnxercx pesyntrarom nnrentnoro nepecmorpa
crparernn n nanpannennn npncnoconennx ee x menxmmecx nnamnxe n
npomtmnennocrn n noxnnennx norpenocrn cocpeorounrtcx na rexnonorn-
uecxnx paspaorxax, xoropte xomnannx cunraer cnoe cnntno cropono
26
.


ea1m no co1pynnuec1ny n noennon npoummnennoc1n
n Enponencxou comse

uacrtm earon no xpnsncy rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon crano nosonon-
nenne ocyxennx norennnana nx onee rnyoxoro n mnpoxoro mexyna-
ponoro corpynnuecrna n nponsnocrne noopyxennx n Enponecxom comse
(EC), ocoenno n 3anano Enpone. Hpnstnt x corpynnuecrny oruacrn mo-
rnnnpymrcx ynnponannem nn]pacrpyxrypt n rexnnxn n, xax cnecrnne,
pocrom nsepxex, uro xnnxercx pesyntrarom mnoxecrna nporpamm noopyxe-
nnx c onnaxono xoneuno nentm. Eme onn mornnnpymmn ]axrop nep-
cnexrnna xoopnnannn ecrnn, neyme x yemennennm ycnyr noennoro
nasnauennx, n rom uncne n ycnyr conmecrno +xcnnyarannn n ocnyxnnannx,
recrnponannx n onenxn rexnnxn. 3rn nponemt nonnmannct n panee, eme

nopannn Northrop Grumman n camocroxrentnym xomnannm, nonyunnmym nasnanne Hunting-
ton Ingalls Industries. Northrop Grumman, Northrop Grumman completes spin-off of Huntington
Ingalls Industries, Inc., Press release, 31 Mar. 2011, <http://investor.northropgrumman.com/phoenix.
zhtml?c=112386&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1544584>.
25
Potter, M., ITT Exelis lays off workers as SINGCARS production ends, Defense Procure-
ment News, 17 Nov. 2011, <http://www.defenseprocurementnews.com/2011/11/17/itt-exelis- lays-
offs-workers-as-singcars-production-ends/>.
26
L-3 Communications, L-3 announces plan to spin-off a new publicly traded government
services company, Press release, 28 July 2011, <http://l-3com.com/media-center/press-releases.
html?pr_id=1589960>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 243
o xpnsnca rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon, onaxo ocoym snaunmocrt onn npn-
openn rontxo ceuac
27
.
Hpecrnxnocrt coxpanennx nannonantntx noenntx npomtmnennocre
cnyxnr npenxrcrnnem x nanaxnnannm conmecrnoro nponsnocrna opyxnx
28
. B
enponecxom xonrexcre npncyrcrnne mnoxecrna nponsnonrene na onom n
rom xe ptnxe oocrpxer xonxypennnm xax sa nonyuenne nannonantntx rocy-
apcrnenntx cpecrn, rax n sa +xcnoprnte ptnxn. Hanpnmep, axe npn rom,
uro ceuac cnpoc nnxe, uem n npetymnx ecxrnnernxx, a xonxypennnx na
+xcnoprntx ptnxax onee oxecrouennax, xomnannn ns upannnn, Iepmannn n
Hontmn npenaramr ne menee uertpex xonxypnpymmnx mexy coo moe-
ne poneranxono rexnnxn
29
.
Onaxo npexe uem enponecxoe corpynnuecrno n nponsnocrne noo-
pyxenn cmoxer crart otuntm xnnennem, neoxonmo, urot nosnnxnn on-
peenennte xapaxrepnte ueprt. Cpen nnx omax pernonantnax nenrnu-
nocrt; onepne x naprnepam n ynepennocrt n nnx; onnaxonte npannna nr-
pt nx ncex enponecxnx nponsnonrene noopyxennx; nnsxne yponnn
xoppynnnn
30
. B nenom xe ntnemnee n norennnantnoe corpynnuecrno n no-
enno npomtmnennocrn n Enpone npenonaraer eme onee cnoxnt naop
nycroponnnx ornomenn. Ho mepe pasnnrnx +ro renennnn pont npomtm-
nennocrn n ornomennxx c npannrentcrnom yer nospacrart, a nx ocymecrn-
nennx xaxnx-nno nepemen norpeyercx neuro ontmee, nexenn rontxo nonn-
rnuecxax nonx: norpeyercx xoopnnannx ecrnn pxa yuacrnnxon ns npa-
nnrentcrna, npomtmnenntx xpyron n rpaxancxoro omecrna, panno xax n
xenanne nepern or nycroponnero x mnorocroponnemy corpynnuecrny n
nnrartcx n nanpannennn cosannx onnaxontx npannn nrpt
31
.
Hexoropte enponecxne rocyapcrna cornacnnnct na nycroponnee no-
enno-npomtmnennoe corpynnuecrno. B oronope o corpynnuecrne n onac-
rn oopont n esonacnocrn 2010 r. upannnx n Bennxopnrannx cornacnnnct
pasnnnart conmecrnoe noennoe nponsnocrno n nexoroptx onacrxx
32
. Bcrpe-
ua na ntcmem yponne n exape 2011 r., nocnxmennax pacmnpennm +roro co-
rpynnuecrna, n rom uncne n conmecrno nporpamme ecnnnorntx nerarent-
ntx cncrem, tna ornoxena pan roro, urot +rn ne crpant mornn cocpeo-

27
Velasek, T., Surviving Austerity: The Case for a New Approach to EU Military Collabora-
tion (Centre for European Reform: London, Apr. 2011); Rizzi, A., Crisis boosts European mili-
tary cooperation, Presseurop, 12 Aug. 2010, <http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/
314541-crisis-boosts-european-military-cooperation>; n pasen V rnant 4 nacroxmero nsannx.
28
Cm.: Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 233236.
29
Cm.: Dickow, M. et al., Weimar Defence Cooperation: Projects to Respond to the European
Imperative, German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) Working Paper FG03-
WP no. 06 (SWP: Berlin, Nov. 2011).
30
OHagan, P., Gaebel, C. and Crawford, C., The prospect for further European defence coop-
eration, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 22 June 2011, <http://www.kas.de/grossbritannien/en/ publi-
cations/23523/>.
31
Chick, C., 2011 FBC annual defence conference report, Franco-British Council, 31 Mar.
2011, <http://www.francobritishdefence.org/conferences.php? id=37>.
32
Treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the French
Republic for Defence and Security Co-operation, signed 2 Nov. 2010, Cm 7976 (The Stationery
Office: Norwich, 10 Nov. 2010). Cm. raxxe: Jackson (cnocxa 28), p. 233.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 244
rounrtcx na npoonxammemcx xpnsnce rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon n na mo-
nerapntx nponemax, cnxsanntx c enpo
33
. Ha ncrpeue, nponeenno n noxpe
2011 r. n orner na nonncanne pnrancxo-]pannyscxoro oronopa, mnnncrpt
oopont Iepmannn n Hrannn o]opmnnn nporoxon o namepennxx, xacammn-
cx corpynnuecrna n nponsnocrne noopyxenn
34
. 3a +rnm nocneonan memo-
panym npomtmnenntx acconnann o nsanmononnmannn, npeycmarpnnam-
mn ]opmnponanne repmano-nrantxncxo rpynnt no corpynnuecrny n o-
nacrn ooponno npomtmnennocrn c nentm noepxart nanor mexy
repmancxo n nrantxncxo noenno npomtmnennocrtm n ntpaorart pexo-
menannn coornercrnymmnm npannrentcrnam no pasnnrnm n noepxannm
orpacnenoro corpynnuecrna n onacrn nponsnocrna noopyxennx
35
. Kpome
roro, Iepmannx ntcrynaer sa onee recnte cnxsn c upannne, ocoenno no
npoexram ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem (FHC) (cm. nnxe). annx, unn-
nxnnx, Hcnannx, Hopnernx n Bnennx oronopnnnct n pamxax Cenepoenpo-
necxoro ooponnoro corpynnuecrna (NORDEFCO) coecrnonart nontme-
nnm xonxypenrocnoconocrn cnonx noenntx npomtmnennocre n npenpn-
nxnn marn x pacmnpennm Cenepnoro npomtmnennoro corpynnuecrna
36
.
Onaxo, necmorpx na nospocmym pnropnxy o corpynnuecrne, noxnnenne
xpynnomacmranoro enponecxoro conmecrnoro nponsnocrna noopyxennx n
nnxame nepcnexrnne ne oxnaercx.
3ananoenponecxne nponsnonrenn noopyxenn ntramrcx xonxypnpo-
nart na ptnxe FHC, na xoropom rocnocrnymr CBA n Hspannt
37
. Ha Enpony
annr ne rontxo oxnaemoe n xparxo- n cpenecpouno nepcnexrnne pacmn-
penne mnponoro ptnxa FHC, ocoenno c yuerom pacrymero cnpoca na ecnn-

33
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). Dec. 2011. Anglo-French defence: En-
tente Frugale plus, IISS Strategic Comments, vol. 17, no. 47 (Dec. 2011), <http://www.iiss.org/
publications/strategic-comments/past-issues/volume-17-2011/december/>.
34
Kington, T. and Mller, A., Italy, Germany make their own pacts, Defense News, 19 Dec.
2011.
35
Memorandum of Understanding between AIAD, the Italian Industries Federation for Aero-
space Defence and Security, and BDSV, the Federation of German Security and Defence Indus-
tries Association, 16 Dec. 2011, <http://www.aiad.it/aiad/en/aiad_mou.wp>.
36
Memorandum of Understanding on Nordic Defence Cooperation (NORDEFCO), signed 4
Nov. 2009, <http://www.norden.org/da/om-samarbejdet/aftaler/aftaler/forsvarsspoergsmaal/>;
Norwegian Ministry of Defence, Nordic Defence Cooperation: NORDEFCO, <http://www. reg-
jeringen.no/en/? id=532212>; n NORDEFCO, Military Level Annual Report 2010 (Norwegian
Armed Forces Media Centre: Oslo, Feb. 2011). O cenepoenponecxnx nporpammax corpynn-
uecrna, npemecrnonanmnx cosannm Cenepoenponecxoro ooponnoro corpynnuecrna, cm:
Kiss, P., Eastern European defense review: defense cooperation within the Visegrad Group. Un-
explored opportunities?, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 25 Feb. 2011, <http://
csis.org/blog/eastern-european-defense-review-defense-cooperation-within-visegrad-group-
unexplored-opportunit>; n Hagelin, B., Hardware politics, hard politics or where, politics?:
Nordic defence equipment cooperation in the EU context, eds A. J. K. Bailes, G. Herolf and
B. Sundelius, SIPRI, The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy (Ox-
ford University Press: Oxford, 2006).
37
Fecnnnornax nerarentnax cncrema (FHC) xnnxercx onee xpynno, nxnmuamme n cex,
nanpnmep, cncremt xonrponx n nepeaun anntx, panno xax n ecnnnornt nerarentnt
annapar (FHA).
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 245
nornte nerarentnte cncremt, ocymecrnnxmmne pexornocnnponxy, pasnexy
n nanmenne, no n neoxonmocrt sanonnennx npoena n ee norennnane, xo-
ropt ntxnnncx n xoe nponeennx nosymntx onepann npornn Hnnnn n
2011 r.
38
B nacroxmee npemx n 3anano Enpone nmemrcx na rnanntx nanpan-
nennx paspaorxn FHC: pnrancxo-]pannyscxax nporpamma Telemos, ocymecr-
nnxemax BAE Systems n Dassault, n nporpamma Talarion ]npmt EADS, noep-
xnnaemax Iepmanne, upannne n Hcnanne, xorx +ra nocnenxx nporpamma n
nacroxmee npemx npnocranonnena. Eme ono nnnmcrpanne ycnoxnennx ny-
croponnnx ornomenn corpynnuecrna crano cosanne n xnnape 2012 r. ouep-
ne xomnanne EADS Cassidian naprnepcrna c Rheinmetall n nenxx paspaor-
xn n nponsnocrna ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem Rheinmetall
39
. Xorx xa-
xt ns +rnx npoexron onxen, xax morno t noxasartcx, oecneunnart
coornercrnymmnm crpanam-naprnepam +xonomnm na nsepxxax, ynnpona-
nne HHOKP, npononmtx n pamxax xpynntx enponecxnx nporpamm FHC,
nectma nepoxrno, cnococrnyer omemy pocry sarpar xax pas n ro npemx, xo-
ra sananoenponecxne crpant, cxopee ncero, cronxnyrcx c coxpamennem
mxeron. Cornacno npecrannrenm Mnnncrepcrna oopont Iepmannn, npo-
nema cocronr ne rontxo n rom, uro sarpart na nporpammt Telemos n Talarion
cnnmxom ntcoxn, no n n rom, uro +rn nporpammt yyr xonxypnponart pyr c
pyrom na +xcnoprntx ptnxax
40
. Px enponecxnx crpan raxxe nonneuen n
npoexrt cosannx ecnnnornoro oenoro nosymnoro cpecrna. Hocxontxy
HHOKP nx ecnnnorntx oentx nosymntx cpecrn ocoenno oporo-
croxmne, norennnantnax +xonomnx na nsepxxax moxer crart crnmynom nx
pacmnpennx corpynnuecrna
41
.
B nmne 2011 r. Enponecxax xomnccnx nnnnnnponana nponecc paspaor-
xn n nponsnocrna ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem n EC. Ocnonnax nent
+roro nponecca cocronr n rom, urot ntpaorart crparernm cosannx rpax-
ancxnx ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem, xoropax nocnontsyercx npenmy-
mecrnom pesxoro pocra noennoro npnmenennx FHC. Komnccnx namernna npo-
necrn n 20112012 rr. nxrt cemnnapon; nepnt ns nnx cocroxncx n nmne
2011 r. n tn nocnxmen nnycrpnn nponsnocrna n ptnxy FHC. Hpexe nce-
ro tna nonyuena nn]opmannx or npecrannrene xomnann n orpacnn o rom,
xax oprannsonart n napamnnart paspaorxn n nponsnocrno ecnnnorntx ne-
rarentntx cncrem n EC, a raxxe o rom, xax ynennunrt onm EC na mnponom
ptnxe ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem. B coornercrnnn c nentm ncero npo-

38
NATO allies to hold talks on Libya, Afghanistan wars, Al Arabiya News, 5 Oct. 2011,
<http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/05/170293.html>. Cm. raxxe pasen I rnant 2 n pas-
en II rnant 3 nacroxmero nsannx.
39
EADS, Cassidian and Rheinmetall pool their unmanned aerial systems activities, Press re-
lease, 20 Jan. 2012, <http://www.eads.com/eads/int/en/news/press.20120120_cassidian_ rheinmet-
all_uas.html>.
40
Beemelmans, S., Il faut reconcevoir le marche europeen de la defense [We must redes-
ign the European market for defence], La Tribune, 23 Nov. 2011; n Germany calls for Franco-
German UAV cooperation, Security & Defence Agenda, 29 Nov. 2011, <http://www.security
defenceagenda.org/Contentnavigation/Library/Libraryoverview/tabid/1299/articleType/Article
View/ articleId/2991/Germany-calls-for-FrancoGerman-UAV-cooperation.aspx>.
41
International Institute for Strategic Studies (cnocxa 33).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 246
necca mnorne xommenrapnn n pexomenannn cemnnapon xacannct norennnana
nonoro nasnauennx FHC
42
.
Ha ptnxe ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem n nenom crpant n xomna-
nnn crpemxrcx ynennunrt cnom onm na ptnxe, npnuem nponsnonrenn noo-
pyxenn, paccunrtnax na pocr npoax n cpene- n onrocpouno nepcnexrn-
ne, opamamr nnnmanne ne rontxo na noennoe npnmenenne cnoe npoyxnnn,
no n ncnontsonanne ee n rpaxancxnx cexropax
43
. 3ro nnnmcrpnpyer onee
mnpoxne eart no nonpocy xoopnnannn noennoro n rpaxancxoro noren-
nnanon na ptnxax npoyxnnn nonoro nasnauennx, xoropte, n cnom oue-
pet, ntcneunnamr nponemt, xacammnecx nnnxnnx noenno npomtmnenno-
crn na ncxyccnn n onacrn esonacnocrn n onee mnpoxom cmtcne
44
.


nnepcnqnxannn n onac1t xountm1epnon esonacnoc1n

Xorx noenno-npomtmnennte xomnannn n xomnannn, npeocrannxmmne
ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, npoonxann ocymecrnnxrt xpynnte nornome-
nnx n npomtmnennocrn n nenxx ynopxounnannx cnoe exrentnocrn n na-
pamnnannx noenno cnennannsannn, mnorne cnnxnnx n nornomennx, npone-
ennte +rnmn xomnannxmn n 2011 r., ntxonnn sa npeent rpannnonntx
c]ep nponsnocrna noopyxenn n ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx. Ono ns sa-
cnyxnnammnx nnnmannx onacre, n xoropo nponcxonnn nornomennx, t-
na c]epa oecneuennx xomntmrepno esonacnocrn, nocxontxy xomnannn
crpemnnnct orpanrt cex or norennnantntx coxpamenn noenntx pacxoon
na saxynxn opyxnx n nponnxnyrt na cmexnte ptnxn c npoyxnne, xoropax
moxer ncnontsonartcx ne rontxo n noenntx, no n n rpaxancxnx nenxx
(cm. ran. 5.2)
45
.
Xorx n ontmnncrne npecc-pennson xomnann, oxnnxmmnx o norno-
mennxx n onacrn oecneuennx xomntmrepno esonacnocrn, ronopnrcx o
camtx pasntx mornnax conepmennx nornomenn, no mnornx ns nnx coep-
xarcx ynomnnannx nno o nauane, nno o ynennuennn oema npoax npo-
yxnnn rpaxancxnm amepnxancxnm npannrentcrnenntm arenrcrnam n ne-
omcrnam, ocoenno rem, uro sannmamrcx pasnetnarentno exrentnocrtm
n oecneuennem nnyrpenne esonacnocrn. Hpecrannxercx, uro +rn nornome-

42
European Commission, Directorate General Enterprise and Industry, Strategy for un-
manned aircraft systems in the European Union, <http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ aero-
space/uas/>.
43
Aerospace and Defence Association of Europe, UAS Working Group, Industry & market
issues, Written contribution, UAS Industry and Market Workshop, 15 July 2011, <http://ec. eu-
ropa.eu/enterprise/sectors/aerospace/uas/>.
44
Boulanin, V. and Bellais, R., Towards high-tech Limes on the edges of Europe? Manag-
ing the external borders of the European Union, Paper presented at conference Fences, Walls and
Borders: State of Insecurity?, Montreal, 17 May 2011.
45
Tepmnn xomntmrepnax esonacnocrt uacro ncnontsyercx, no ne nmeer uerxoro
onpeenennx. C rouxn spennx orpacnn, no xomntmrepno esonacnocrtm moxer nopasyme-
nartcx samnra or yrpos, nponcrexammnx ns necanxnnonnponannoro ncnontsonannx nn]po-
no nn]opmannn n xommynnxannonntx cncrem. Finmeccanica, 2010 Consolidated Financial
Statements (Finmeccanica: Rome, 2011), p. 36.

H
P
O
H
3
B
O

C
T
B
O

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
H




































2
4
7
Tannna 5.2. Hexo1opme nornomennn n onac1n oecneuennn xountm1epnon esonacnoc1n noenno-npoummnennmun
xounannnun n xounannnun, npeoc1annnmmnun ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennn, n c1panax O3CP n 2011 r.
B rannne nepeuncnxmrcx ocnonnte nornomennx n noenno npomtmnennocrn crpan unenon Oprannsannn +xonomnuecxoro corpynnuecrna n pas-
nnrnx (O3CP), oxnnennte nnn sanepmennte n nepno mexy 1 xnnapx n 31 exapx 2011 r. 3ror cnncox ne xnnxercx ncuepntnammnm, onaxo
aer omee npecrannenne o crparernuecxn snaunmtx n sacnyxnnammnx nnnmannx c ]nnancono rouxn spennx cenxax. annte o cronmocrn ce-
nox n oxoax npnnoxrcx n mnn onn. CBA n rexymnx nenax. Komnannn asnpymrcx n CBA, ecnn ne yxasano nnoe.
Kounannn-noxyna1ent
(c1pana)
Hpnope1aeuan xounannn
(c1pana)
Kounannn-npoanen
(c1pana)
C1onuoc1t
cenxn
(unn onn.)
oxom/
uncnennoc1t
sann1mx
a

Coe.ru +e+oy ceeepoa+epuraucru+u ro+nauu+u (ro+nauuu us CLA, ec.u ue yrasauo uuoe)
Avnet Pinnacle Data Systems Axnnonept 22.0 . .
BAE Systems (Bennxopnrannx) Intelligence Services Group L-1 Identity Solutions 297.0 1000 sanxrtx
BAE Systems (Bennxopnrannx) Norkom Group (Hpnannx) Axnnonept 287.0 350 sanxrtx
BAE Systems (Bennxopnrannx)
b
Stratsec (Ancrpannx) uacrnte nnna 23.0 70 sanxrtx
Boeing Solutions Made Simple uacrnte nnna . . oxono 60 sanxrtx
CACI International Advance Programs Group uacrnte nnna . . 110 sanxrtx
CACI International Pangia Technologies uacrnte nnna . . 18.5 mnn onn.
CACI International Paradigm Holdings Axnnonept 61.5 oxono 185 sanxrtx
Camber Corp. Defense Security and Systems Solutions EADS (rpancenponecxax)
c
. . . .
General Dynamics Network Connectivity Solutions uacrnte nnna . . 160 sanxrtx
Jacobs Engineering Unique World uacrnte nnna . . oxono 50 sanxrtx
KratosDefense and Security SecureInfo Corp. Insight Venture Partners 17.5 2.5 mnn onn.
Solutions
Raytheon Henggeler Computer Consultants uacrnte nnna . . 142 sanxrtx
ManTech TranTech uacrnte nnna 21.6 40 mnn onn.
ManTech Worldwide Information Network Systems uacrnte nnna 90.0 oxono 150 sanxrtx
National Security Partners Summit Solutions uacrnte nnna . . 17 mnn onn.
Raytheon Applied Signal Technology Axnnonept 490.0 oxono 800 sanxrtx
Raytheon Pikewerks Corp. uacrnte nnna . . oxono 33 sanxrtx
SoteraDefense Solutions Potomac Fusion uacrnte nnna . . 40 mnn onn.
SoteraDefense Solutions Software Process Technologies uacrnte nnna . . 35 mnn onn.


2
4
8





























B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Oxonuanne rannnt 5. 2
Kounannn-noxyna1ent
(c1pana)
Hpnope1aeuan xounannn
(c1pana)
Kounannn-npoanen
(c1pana)
C1onuoc1t
cenxn
(unn onn.)
oxom/
uncnennoc1t
sann1mx
a

Ultra Electronics (Bennxo- 3e Technologies International EF Johnson Technologies 30.0 29.1 mnn onn.
pnrannx)
Ultra Electronics (Bennxo- Special Operations Technology uacrnte nnna 38.4 130 sanxrtx
pnrannx)
Ultra Electronics (Bennxo- Zu Industries uacrnte nnna 76.6 20 sanxrtx
pnrannx)

a
Hocxontxy xomnannn ne ncera pacxptnamr cronmocrt cenxn, yxastnaercx roono oxo npnoperenno xomnannn, ecnn on nsnec-
ren (nno ee ]axrnuecxn oxo sa 2010 r., nno oxnaemt oxo sa 2011 nnn 2012 r.). B rex cnyuaxx, xora nn]opmannx o oxoe npno-
perenno xomnannn orcyrcrnyer, npnnonrcx uncnennocrt sanxrtx n npnoperenno xomnannn (ecnn ona nsnecrna).
b
Stratsec tna xynnena BAE Systems Australia, a ne nenocpecrnenno marepnncxo xomnanne.
c
Defense Security and Systems Solutions tna npoana xomnanne EADS North America, a ne nenocpecrnenno marepnncxo xomnanne.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 249
nnx coennxmr rpaxancxne n noennte npannrentcrnennte cexropa. Hexoro-
pte ns nornomenntx xomnann axe cnennannsnpymrcx na xommepuecxo
(r. e. nenoenno) npoyxnnn, npoanaemo, nanpnmep, ]nnanconomy cexropy,
nnn npenasnauenno nx samnrt nmemme xpnrnuecxoe snauenne nn]pa-
crpyxrypt.
Mornnannx orentntx xomnann nxnmuaer n cex pacmnpenne npeno-
xennx npoyxnnn noennoro nasnauennx (nanpnmep, xomnannx Ultra Electron-
ics); ynennuenne ocryna x ptnxy npoyxnnn pasnetnarentnoro nasnauennx
(nanpnmep, ManTech); yxpennenne nosnnn na nnyrpennem ptnxe (nanpn-
mep, BAE Systems); ynyumenne nosnnn na rpaxancxnx ptnxax npannrent-
crna CBA, n rom uncne na ptnxe pasnetnarentntx cnyx (nanpnmep, CACI
International); n oecneuenne nenouxn nocranox (nanpnmep, Boeing). Conep-
max nornomennx n orpacnxx, ne ornocxmnxcx x noenno npomtmnennocrn,
nponsnonrenn noopyxenn, xax ntxcnnnoct, ncrynamr n xonxypenrnym
opty c pyrnmn xomnannxmn sa nonoxenne na ptnxe oecneuennx xomntm-
repno esonacnocrn (nanpnmep, IBM, xoropax nornornna i2 n 2011 r.)
46
.


46
Bell, M., IBM extends cyber footprint with i2 purchase, Janes Defence Industry, 2
Sep. 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 250
II. OTPACHI HO HPOH3BOCTBY BOEHHIX YCHYI

Ctmsan T. EKCOH

Boennte ycnyrn xnnxmrcx ycnyramn cnenn]nuecxn noennoro nasnauennx
nanpnmep, nccneonannx n ananns, rexnnuecxne ycnyrn, oneparnnnax noepxxa
n noopyxennax oxpana xoropte onaxt tnn nsxrt na cex noenntmn xpy-
ramn, no sarem tnn nepeant na cropony uacrntm xomnannxm
1
. uacrnax nny-
crpnx nponsnocrna noenntx ycnyr cymecrnenno nospocna sa nocnenne na e-
cxrnnernx. B cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx noenno-npomtmnenntx xomna-
nn n xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, sa 2010 r.
nxoxr 20 xomnann, ornocxmnxcx x xareropnn nocranmnxon ycnyr npenmyme-
crnenno noennoro nasnauennx; nx conoxynnte npoaxn, cnxsannte c noenntm
nsnecom, n 2010 r. ocrnrnn 55 mnp onn. (cm. ran. 5.3), r. e., ynennunnnct na
147% n peantnom ntpaxennn no cpannennm c 2002 r., xora conoxynnte noen-
nte npoaxn 20 cnennannsnponanntx na npeocrannennn ycnyr noennoro na-
snauennx xomnann ns cnncxa CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann cocrannxnn
22 mnp onn. (n nocroxnntx nenax 2010 r.)
2
. Xorx raxoe ynennuenne npecran-
nxercx nectma snaunrentntm, exeronte remnt npnpocra npoax +rnx noen-
ntx ycnyr n 2009 n 2010 rr. samennnnct.
Ynennuenne oema ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx, npeocrannxemtx uacr-
ntmn xomnannxmn, nauanoct n pesyntrare nepecrpoxn noenntx npomtm-
nennocre Coennenntx Braron n 3anano Enpont nocne oxonuannx xo-
nono nont. Konnenrpannx n cnennannsannx noennoro nponsnocrna n ne-
pno xonconnannn n 1990-x roax nxnmuann nponnxnonenne n c]epy
noenntx ycnyr xax uacrt onrocpouno renennnn x npnnarnsannn (nnn ne-
peaue na cropony) rocyapcrnenntx ycnyr
3
. B xauecrne oocnonannx nepea-
un ycnyr na cropony (xax n uacrnom, rax n rocyapcrnennom cexropax) nast-
nannct +xonomnx na nsepxxax, nontmenne xauecrna, nonyuenne ocryna x
nontm snannxm, ontry n nantxam n ynpannenne pncxom, a raxxe ontmax
rnxocrt n oecneuenne nocranox rouno n cpox
4
.
Pocr orpacnn no nponsnocrny noenntx ycnyr tn nanonee ouennntm
n CBA
5
. B 2010 r. exeronte pacxot Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA na npn-

1
Perlo-Freeman, S. and Skns, E., The private military services industry, SIPRI Insights on Peace
and Security no. 2008/1, Sep. 2008, <http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id= 361>. K
noenntm ycnyram ne ornocxrcx ynnnepcantnte ycnyrn, raxne xax mennnncxoe ocnyxnnanne n
mnpnoe npemx nnn yopxa. Hapxy c ycnyramn noennoro nasnauennx, nepeanntmn na cropony
noopyxenntmn cnnamn nnn mnnncrepcrnamn oopont, x noenntm ycnyram ornocxr n re ycnyrn,
xoropte xnnxmrcx noenntmn no cnoe cymnocrn n npnoperamrcx pyrnmn npannrentcrnenntmn
yupexennxmn n xnnenramn ns uacrnoro cexropa.
2
annte no cnncxy CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann nsxrt ns ast anntx CHHPH
no noenno npomtmnennocrn. Hocneonarentnte annte CHHPH no +rnm xomnannxm nme-
mrcx rontxo c 2002 r.
3
Singer, P. W., Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Cornell
University Press: Ithaca, 2003).
4
Perlo-Freeman and Skns (cnocxa 1); and Singer (cnocxa 3).
5
Xorx nporpammt rocyapcrnenno-uacrnoro naprnepcrna n +ror nepno pasnnnannct n n
Enpone, n annom pasene nnnmanne cocpeoroueno na CBA.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 251
operenne ycnyr (nxnmuax ycnyrn nenoennoro nasnauennx) cocrannnn nono-
nnny ns 400 mnp onn., norpauenntx mnnncrepcrnom na saxynxn
6
. Fonee ro-
ro, ntnemnxx renennnx x ycnnennm opnenrannn amepnxancxnx noenno-
npomtmnenntx xomnann na oxasanne noenntx ycnyr, nepoxrno, coxpannr-
cx
7
. C ono cropont, +ror cnnr xnnxercx uacrtm crparern no noepxa-
nnm oema npoax n oxnannn coxpamenn nporpamm noopyxenn. C py-
ro cropont, xomnannn cmemamrcx n c]epy nponsnocrna noenntx ycnyr nx
roro, urot: (a) ncnontsonart n cnonx nnrepecax omne mept rocyapcrna no
+xonomnn na nsepxxax; (b) orpanrt cex or ncxnmuennx ns npoexron, n xo-
roptx, xax oxnaercx, yer nponcxonrt porannx rononntx nopxunxon n
nenxx coxpanennx ]nnanconoro narononyunx noenno npomtmnennocrn
(nsnecrnax xax nmneparnn opaorxn Kypra); (c) ncnontsonart c ntroo
nx cex omee crpemnenne npannrentcrna coxparnrt uncno nontx nporpamm
n ynennunrt cpox +xcnnyarannn cymecrnymmnx nnar]opm
8
. Hanpnmep, eme
nepe nauanom mnponoro ]nnanconoro n +xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca amepnxan-
cxne noennte nnannponann nepenecrn nosymnte cncremt na moent xom-
mepuecxoro ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pemonra. 3ror noxo x ocny-
xnnannm n reuenne ncero cpoxa +xcnnyarannn nanenen na coxpamenne sarpar
na saxynxy camoneron, panno xax n na ocnyxnnanne yxe +xcnnyarnpyemo
rexnnxn
9
.


Kounannn, npeoc1annnmmne ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennn,
n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnenmnx xounannn

Hs 20 xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx n no-
memnx n cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa 2010 r., 16 asnpymrcx n
CBA; nx conoxynnte npoaxn noenntx ycnyr pannt 47 mnp onn. Eme rpn
xomnannn, c conoxynntmn npoaxamn, panntmn 6.6 mnp onn., asnpymrcx
n Bennxopnrannn, a ona xomnannx c npoaxamn 1.3 mnp onn. n Kynere
(cm. ran. 5.3)
10
.

6
US Department of Defense, DOD news briefing with Under Secretary Carter with opening
remarks by Secretary Gates from the Pentagon, News transcript, 14 Sep. 2010, <http://www. de-
fense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx? transcriptid=4684>.
7
Shalal-Esa, A., Bigger firms seen in the next US defense consolidation, Reuters, 20
Sep. 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/20/us-defense-consolidation-idUSTRE78J4MY
20110920>.
8
Kurth, J. R., The political economy of weapons procurement: the follow-on imperative,
American Economic Review, vol. 62, nos 12 (Mar. 1972).
9
Magelhaes, M., Military aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul: wake-up call to a silent
revolution?, Frost & Sullivan, 8 Mar. 2004, <http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-
top.pag? docid=10899576>.
10
B 2010 r. oem npoax ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx xynercxo xomnannn Agility co-
xparnncx na 47% ns-sa oxonuannx cpoxa ecrnnx xonrpaxra n ns-sa roro, uro xomnannx tna
orcrpanena or yuacrnx n xonxypce sa xonrpaxrt npannrentcrna CBA o ntnecennx pemennx
no npoonxammnmcx cyentm pasnparentcrnam n CBA. B 2010 r. Agility nepeana ocran-
mymcx uacrt cnoero nocnenero xonrpaxra c npannrentcrnom CBA asnpymmecx n Oe-
nnenntx Apacxnx 3mnparax xomnannn Anham, xoropax nnocnecrnnn ntnrpana xonrpaxr
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 252
Tannna 5.3. Kounannn, npeoc1annnmmne ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennn,
n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnenmnx xounannn sa 2010 r.
annte npnnoxrcx n mnn onn. CBA n nocroxnntx nenax 2010 r. B rannne nepeunc-
nent rontxo re xomnannn ns cnncxa 100 xpynnemnx, xoropte cnennannsnpymrcx na
npeocrannennn ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx; pyrne xomnannn ns cnncxa 100 xpynne-
mnx raxxe moryr npoanart noennte ycnyrn.
Mec1o n cnn-
cxe 100 xpyn-
nenmnx xou-
nannn
Hpoaan noennmx ycnyr
(unn onn. CmA)
2010 2002
Kounannn C1pana
2010 2002
9 9 L-3 Communications CBA 13070 3660
12 13 SAIC CBA 8230 3640
14 17 Computer Sciences Corp. CBA 5940 2400
23 KBR
a
CBA 3310 . .
29 74 Babcock International Group Bennxo- 2770 540
pnrannx
32 Hewlett-Packard
b
CBA 2570 . .
33 76 ManTech International Group CBA 2490 520
38 24 DynCorp International CBA 2390 1650
39 75 CACI International CBA 2320 520
43 62 Serco Bennxo- 2130 670
pnrannx
50 40 QinetiQ Bennxo- 1730 1150
pnrannx
58 Agility Kyner 1310 . .
59 Fluor CBA 1300 . .
67 67 Jacobs Engineering Group CBA 1020 600
78 Shaw Group CBA 810 . .
81 95 Cubic Corp. CBA 810 380
86 Alion Science and Technology CBA 770 . .
88 77 Mitre CBA 740 510
93 VSE Corp. CBA 680 . .
98 AAR Corp. CBA 650 . .

a
B 2002 r. KBR tna ]nnnanom xomnannn Halliburton, xoropax c oemom npoax, pan-
ntm 930 mnn onn., sannmana 39-e mecro. Halliburton nsannnact or KBR n 2006 r.; xomnannx
nomna n cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xomnann n 2007 r.
b
Hewlett-Packard nomna n cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xomnann n 2008 r., xora npnopena
EDS. EDS c oemom npoax, panntm 570 mnn onn., n 2002 r. sannmana 58-e mecro.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn.

Xorx cocran xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, n
cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx tn n ocnonnom crannen, c 2002 r. npo-

cronmocrtm 2.166.47 mnp onn. na cnaxenne npoonontcrnnem amepnxancxoro noennoro n
nenoennoro nepconana n Hpaxe, Hopannn n Kynere. Ho npnunne npoonxammnxcx
cyentx en n CBA Agility nepeopnenrnpyer cno nsnec na rpaxancxym norncrnxy. O
cyentx pasnparentcrnax cm.: Jackson, S. T., The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies,
2009, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, p. 252. Cm. raxxe: Anham, Selected contracts, <http://www. an-
ham.com/Contracts.aspx>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 253
nsomnn nexoropte npnmeuarentnte nsmenennx
11
. Homnmo pocra npoax, oy-
cnonnennoro xonrpaxramn na npeocrannenne ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx, cnx-
sanntmn c nonamn n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe, n, xax cnecrnne, nosnnxnonennx
necxontxnx xpynntx nocranmnxon noenntx ycnyr, nsmenennx n cocrane 100
xpynnemnx xomnann moxno raxxe oxcnnrt nornomennxmn n nsannennx-
mn or xomnann, cnennannsnponanmnxcx na npeocrannennn ycnyr noennoro
nasnauennx. B 2003 r. General Dynamics nornornna Signal Corporation, xoropax
n 2002 r. xynnna Veridian, a n 2006 r. npnopena Anteon, n pesyntrare uero nce
+rn rpn onee menxne xomnannn ncuesnn ns cnncxa CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx
xomnann. Komnannx L-3 Communications ynennunna cno nopr]ent xonrpax-
ron na nocranxn noenntx ycnyr, nornornn n 2003 r. Vertex Aerospace, a n
2005 r. Titan
12
. Hocne roro xax Halliburton n 2006 r. nsannnact or KBR, tn-
max marepnncxax xomnannx noxnnyna cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xomnann; KBR
xe nomna n 100 xpynnemnx xax xomnannx, npeocrannxmmax ycnyrn noenno-
ro nasnauennx, n 2007 r. Hewlett-Packard nomna n cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xom-
nann nocne nornomennx n 2008 r. EDS. B xonne 2009 r. VT Group nsannnact
or cnoero cyocrponrentnoro nopasenennx, urot npenparnrtcx n xomnannm,
cnennannsnpymmymcx ncxnmunrentno na npeocrannennn ycnyr; n cnom oue-
pet, ona n 2010 r. tna nornomena Babcock International, n pesyntrare uero
onx nocnene na ptnxe noenntx ycnyr ynennunnact
13
.
Orpacnt no npeocrannennm noenntx ycnyr ropaso namnoro macmra-
nee, nexenn moxno npenonoxnrt, ncxox ns npnneenntx ntme anntx, no-
cxontxy +rn annte oxnartnamr nnmt xomnannn, xoropte ornocxrcx x xarero-
pnn nocranmnxon npenmymecrnenno noenntx ycnyr. Kpome +rnx 20 xomnann,
ontmoe uncno xomnann ns cnncxa 100 xpynnemnx, ne ornocxmnxcx x xare-
ropnn xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, rem ne me-
nee, nmemr snaunrentnte oemt npoax noenntx ycnyr. Xorx ontmnncrno
+rnx xomnann co cmemanntmn nopr]enxmn saxason otuno ne npeocrannx-
mr n cnoe ]nnancono oruernocrn orentnte annte no oxoam or npoaxn
ycnyr, nexoropte ns nnx +ro enamr. Hanpnmep, 48% oxnnenntx BAE Sys-
tems conoxynntx npoax n 2010 r. npnmnnct na ptnox ycnyr: 42% na ycnyrn
no noepxannm oeroronnocrn n 6% na ycnyrn no oecneuennm xomntm-
repno esonacnocrn n pasnexn
14
. Sikorsky, ouepnxx xomnannx UTC, coo-
mnna o pocre n 2010 r. na 2% npoax ycnyr no nocnenpoaxnomy ocnyxnna-
nnm. Ona saxnnna, uro +ror pocr nponsomen, npexe ncero, naroapx ynenn-
uennm oema noenntx npoax n paor no moepnnsannn camoneron
15
.

11
O xomnannxx, npoxnnxmmnx axrnnnocrt na ptnxe npeocrannennx ycnyr noennoro na-
snauennx, cm: Perlo-Freeman and Skns (cnocxa 1).
12
Hocne roro xax Raytheon n 2001 r. nsannnact or +ro xomnannn, n nnnort o 2003 r.
Vertex Aerospace tna nsnecrna no nasnannem Raytheon Aerospace.
13
Hn]opmannx o nornomennxx n nsannenn or xomnann ocnontnaercx na ase anntx
CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn. O npoaxax ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx, cnxsanntx c
nonamn n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe, cm.: Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI Yearbook 2010.
14
BAE Systems, Annual Report 2010: Total Performance Across Our Markets (BAE Sys-
tems: London, [2011]), p. 4.
15
United Technologies Corporation, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 (US Secu-
rities and Exchange Commission: Washington, DC, 10 Feb. 2011), p. 16.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 254
Com1nn, nponsomemne n o1entnmx nocex1opax noennmx ycnyr

Btenxmrcx uertpe ocnonnte xareropnn noenntx ycnyr: (a) nccne-
onannx n ananns; (b) rexnnuecxne ycnyrn (nanpnmep, ycnyrn n c]epe nn-
]opmannonntx rexnonorn, noepxxa cncrem n ocnyxnnanne, noccranon-
nenne n pemonr); (c) oneparnnnax noepxxa (nanpnmep, norncrnxa n noro-
ronxa); (d) noopyxennax oxpana
16
. nx roro urot noxasart, re n xax
nexoropte ns ocnonntx acnexron exrentnocrn no oxasannm noenno-
rexnnuecxo n oneparnnno noepxxn cmecrnnnct n uacrnt cexrop, sect
paccmarpnnamrcx uertpe nocexropa: ocnyxnnanne, noccranonnenne n pe-
monr noenntx camoneron; noepxxa ecnnnorntx nerarentntx cncrem; ma-
repnantnoe oecneuenne no npemx nont n Hpaxe n onepann no noepxa-
nnm mnpa OOH; nororonxa noennocnyxamnx nx yuacrnx n onepannxx no
noepxannm cranntnocrn n mnpa OOH. 3rn nocexropa noneprannct me-
nee cncremarnuecxomy nsyuennm no cpannennm c onee ocyxaemtmn cex-
ropamn, raxnmn, xax nanpnmep, cexrop noopyxenno oxpant, n n nnx npann-
rentcrno es nnmnnx cnopon ncnontsyer onee pasymnte cnocot nepeaun
oxasannx ycnyr na cropony.


Ooc.y+ueauue, eoccmauoe.euue u pe+oum: yc.yeu, orasieae+ie
eoeuuo aeuauu

Cexrop nocnenpoaxnoro ocnyxnnannx n ononnennx naxoxmnxcx n
+xcnnyarannn cncrem noopyxennx n nenom nepexnnan pocr. 3ror pocr nnnxer
na crpyxrypy cexropa ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pemonra, nocxontxy
copmnxn xpynntx cncrem n nsroronnrenn nocncrem n xomnonenron nepe-
ocmtcnnnamr cnocot ocymecrnnennx ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pe-
monra n peoprannsymr cno nsnec c nentm nontcnrt npnopnrer ocnyxn-
nannx, noccranonnennx n pemonra n npnnecrn +rn cnyrn n coornercrnne c
nponsnocrnom cncrem
17
. Hpn ome renennnn x npnnarnsannn rocyapcr-
nenntx ycnyr npomtmnennocrt paccmarpnnana ocnyxnnanne noenno rex-
nnxn xax ornocnrentno ycrounnt ptnox (no cpannennm, nanpnmep, c rex-
nnuecxnm ocnyxnnannem xommepuecxnx camoneron) n necranntno +xono-
mnuecxo ocranonxe nocnennx ner. Hocxontxy noennte xonrpaxrt na
rexnnuecxoe ocnyxnnanne saxnmuamrcx c npannrentcrnamn, xoropte nmemr
onrocpounte mxernte oxsarentcrna, ocnyxnnanne noenno rexnnxn no-
ome menee nocnpnnmunno x xoneannxm n mnpono nonnrnuecxo +xonomnn
18
.
Pocr mnponoro ptnxa ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pemonra n nep-
nom ecxrnnernn XXI n. tn ocoenno samerntm n cexrope ycnyr, cnxsanntx
c noenntmn camoneramn, npoaxn xoroptx n 2010 r. ocrnrnn 59.8 mnp
onn., uro oxasanoct na 2% mentme no cpannennm c 61.1 mnp onn. n 2009 r.,

16
Perlo-Freeman and Skns (cnocxa 1).
17
Michaels, K., Outlook for the aerospace MRO market, GersonLehrman Group, 28 Aug.
2007, <http://www.glgresearch.com/glgi-presentations/Kevin Michaels/>.
18
737 maintenance: supporting a bestseller, Aircraft Technology Engineering & Mainte-
nance, Farnborough Air Show 2010 Special Edition (July 2010), pp. 4859.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 255
no nce xe ontme, uem 58.6 mnp onn. n 2008 r.
19
Hpoaxn ycnyr no ocny-
xnnannm, noccranonnennm n pemonry noenntx camoneron n 2010 r. n Cenep-
no Amepnxe (npexe ncero n CBA) cocrannnn 31.1 mnp onn., uro nourn n
2 pasa ontme, uem n Enpone. Omee ynennuenne oema npoax ycnyr no
ocnyxnnannm, noccranonnennm n pemonry noenntx camoneron c nauana
2000-x roon yxastnaer na onn ns cnocoon nnepcn]nxannn noenno-
npomtmnenntx xomnann pan roro, urot npornnocroxrt oxnaemtm co-
xpamennxm noennoro mxera na saxynxy rexnnxn.
Crpant, ne onaammne npomtmnenntm norennnanom nx nponsnocr-
na noenntx camoneron, cosamr nmecro +roro cexropt no ocnyxnnannm,
noccranonnennm n pemonry noenntx camoneron. Hanpnmep, a+poxocmnuecxoe
orenenne cnnranypcxo xomnannn ST Engineer oxastnaer ycnyrn no ocny-
xnnannm, noccranonnennm n pemonry ne rontxo cnnranypcxnm noenno-
nosymntm cnnam, no n Fpasnnnn, Hnonesnn n CBA
20
.


Hoooep+ra cucme+: oecnu.omuie .emame.iuie cucme+i

Pocr ycnyr no noepxxe cncrem nponcxonr no mnornx cexropax,
nxnmuax nepronert n noennte xommynnxannonnte cncremt. 3ra renennnx
n snaunrentno crenenn oycnonnena coxpamennem uncnennocrn noenno
paoue cnnt n ycnoxnennem cncrem. Taxne cncremt rpeymr npnmenennx
onee cnennannsnponanno paoue cnnt n onee npoonxnrentntx nepno-
on paor no noepxxe, uro npnneno x nepecmorpy xomnannxmn coornome-
nnx mexy nponsnocrnenno exrentnocrtm n exrentnocrtm no oxasannm
n ycnyr.
Fecnnnornte nerarentnte cncremt npecrannxmr coo xpxym nnnm-
crpannm pocra oemon npoax ycnyr no noepxxe cncrem
21
. Pacmnpxm-
meecx npnmenenne FHC, nx nospacrammax rexnonornuecxax cnoxnocrt n ne-
xnarxa nororonnenntx cnennanncron ns uncna noennocnyxamnx npnnenn x
ynennuennm uncnennocrn rpaxancxoro nepconana, saecrnonannoro n
ynpannennn nmn. Hpnmeuarentno (n +ro npornnopeunr onoy, otuno npn-
nonmomy nx onpanannx nepeaun oxasannx noenntx ycnyr na cropony),
uro uem ontme rpaxancxnx nnn nonneueno n ynpannenne ecnnnorntmn
nerarentntmn cncremamn, rem onee oporo cranonnrcx +ra ycnyra
22
.
Bo mnornx cnyuaxx xomnannn, npeocrannxmmne ycnyrn noennoro na-
snauennx, oxastnamr raxne ycnyrn, xax ocnyxnnanne n nororonxa noenno-
cnyxamnx nx ynpannennx cncremamn. Hanpnmep, General Atomics npononr
oyuenne ynpannennm FHC nx pnrancxnx xoponencxnx noenno-nosymntx
cnn n pacnonaraer corpynnxamn na Fnnxnem n Cpenem Bocroxe, xoropte

19
AeroWeb, Military aircraft MRO, version 1.96, Barr Group Aerospace, <http://www.bga-
aeroweb.com/Military-MRO.html>; n PricewaterhouseCoopers and Confederation of Indian In-
dustry, Changing Dynamics: Indias Aerospace Industry (PricewaterhouseCoopers: New Delhi,
2009), p. 25.
20
Grevatt, J., Singapores defence industrial capabilities, Janes Defence Industry, 6 Dec.
2011.
21
Jackson (cnocxa 13), pp. 259260.
22
Sweetman, B., Contractors make UAV ops happen, Aviation Week, 1 Dec. 2009.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 256
sannmamrcx ocnyxnnannem, rexnnuecxo noepxxo n nororonxo cne-
nnanncron no ynpannennm nosymntmn cncremamn n nnrepecax cyxonyrntx
cnn CBA
23
. Kax n n cnyuae c pyrnmn nnamn noenntx ycnyr, copmnxn (nn-
rerparopt) xpynntx cncrem oecneunnamr ocnyxnnanne na pasntx ypon-
nxx. Hanpnmep, Boeing nocrannxer ne rontxo rpannnonnym noennym rexnn-
xy n cnxsannte c ne ycnyrn no ocnyxnnannm, noccranonnennm, pemonry n
oyuennm, no n, uepes cnom ouepnmm xomnannm Insitu, npenaraer nonenoe
ocnyxnnanne, oyuenne n emoncrpannonnte ycnyrn n ornomennn ecnn-
norntx nerarentntx cncrem n cnxsannoro c nnmn oopyonannx, r. e., ycnyrn,
xoropte nocne cenrxpx 2001 r. oxasannct onee nocrpeonanntmn
24
.


Onepamueua noooep+ra: +amepua.iuoe ooecne:euue eoeuuix
u +upomeop:ecrux onepau

B ontme uacrn anannrnuecxo nnreparypt, nocnxmenno oxasannm
ycnyr noenno noepxxn uacrntmn xomnannxmn, ocnonnoe nnnmanne ye-
nxercx xomnannxm no marepnantnomy oecneuennm (norncrnuecxnm xomna-
nnxm), npnnnmanmnm yuacrne n nonax n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe. Taxoe nnn-
manne x nopxunxam n +rnx nonax moxno oruacrn oxcnxrt rem, uro onn
tnn neoremnemo uacrtm neennx non. Hanpnmep, nepconan nopxunxon
n conoxynnocrn no cnoe uncnennocrn sannman nropoe mecro cpen yuacrnn-
xon xoannnnn oponontnen n none n Hpaxe, a n A]ranncrane n mapre
2010 r. nopxunxon nnepnte oxasanoct ontme, uem amepnxancxnx nocx,
saecrnonanntx CBA n none
25
.
3rn nont cymecrnenno noronxnynn pocr npoax noenntx ycnyr. Ha-
npnmep, npoaxn noenntx ycnyr KBR n nepno c 2002 no 2009 r. ynennun-
nnct na 433%, n x 2009 r. ee npoaxn no nporpamme Mnnncrepcrna oopont
CBA no ynennuennm marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmn-
xamn cocrannxnn 4.8 mnp onn. B 2010 r. oem npoax KBR necxontxo co-
xparnncx no npnunne sanepmennx 3- nporpammt ynennuennx marepnantnoro
oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn n onenoro yuacrnx KBR n 4-
nporpamme raxoro poa
26
. Iocyapcrnennt enapramenr CBA namepen npo-
onxart ncnontsonart nonoxennx nporpammt ynennuennx marepnantnoro
oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn nx coxpanennx oecneunnaemo

23
Sweetman (cnocxa 22).
24
Insitu, Family of UAS, <http://www.insitu.com/uas>.
25
Huskey, K. A., The American Way: Private Military Contractors & US Law after 9/11,
2010 update, PRIV-WAR Report, National Reports Series no. 03/10 (PRIV-WAR: Florence, 1
Oct. 2010), p. 6.
26
annte o npoaxax nsxrt ns ast anntx CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn. B
2001 r. KBR tna enncrnenntm nonyuarenem xonrpaxron no 3- nporpamme ynennuennx
marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn, a n 2007 r. ona crana ono ns
rpex xomnann, ntnrpanmnx xonrpaxrt no 4- nporpamme ynennuennx marepnantnoro oec-
neuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn. US Army, Army Sustainment Command, Army segues
from LOGCAP III to IV, 27 Mar. 2009, <http://www.army.mil/article/18864/>. O nporpamme
ynennuennx marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn n 2010 r. cm. pasen
IV nnxe.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 257
uacrntm cexropom norncrnuecxo noepxxn n Hpaxe nocne ntnoa orrya
amepnxancxnx nocx. Xorx uncnennocrt nnocrpanntx noenntx nopxunxon
n Hpaxe nocne coxpamennx nocx n 2011 r. cnnsnnact, 5500 nopxunxon, sa-
nxrtx oecneuennem esonacnocrn, xax oxnaercx, ocranyrcx n Hpaxe nx
samnrt nepconana Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra CBA
27
. 3ro pasmemenne
ecrnymmnx no xonrpaxry uacrntx cnennanncron no oecneuennm esonac-
nocrn ram, re amepnxancxne nocxa ontme ne moryr ocranartcx, nonnmaer
nonpoc o ro ponn, xoropym +rn nopxunxn nrpamr no nnemne nonnrnxe
CBA n xaxoe snauenne onn nmemr nx Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra
CBA xax nnnomarnuecxoro yupexennx
28
.
Hecmorpx na orpomnoe snauenne, npeocrannenne noenntx ycnyr n no-
nax n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe xnnxercx nnmt orentntm npnmepom. Fonee nn-
rentntm tno npncyrcrnne xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro
nasnauennx, npn ocymecrnnennn onepann OOH no noepxannm mnpa, n
+ro npncyrcrnne nnnxer na nanaxnnanne mnpno xnsnn nocne sanepmennx
xon]nnxra. B xaxo nosrnannxemo OOH mnorocroponne onepannn no
noepxannm mnpa c 1990 r. tnn saecrnonant uacrnte xomnannn, oec-
neunnammne esonacnocrt
29
. Hanpnmep, uacrnte xomnannn axrnnno noep-
xnnamr mnorouncnennte onepannn no coxpanennm mnpa n cranntnocrn n
A]pnxe, ocymecrnnxx, cpen npouero, marepnantnoe oecneuenne n oyuenne
n coecrnyx pasnnrnm
30
. Cnpoc na +rn nnt ycnyr npn nponeennn onepann
OOH no noepxannm mnpa nontcnncx ns-sa ynennuennx sa nocnenne 15 ner
uncna onepann n nx nospacramme cnoxnocrn. Xorx n pesyntrare nosnnxna
norpenocrt n pocre uncnennocrn ntcoxoxnann]nnnponannoro nepconana,
ononpemenno c +rnm uncnennocrt xnann]nnnponannoro nepconana, npe-
crannennoro noenntmn Mnponoro Cenepa, cnnsnnact
31
.
B reuenne +roro nepnoa nexoropte xomnannn nsmenxnn cnoe nasnanne
n npo]nnt exrentnocrn, nepecran nosnnnonnponart cex xax nocranmnxon
uacrnoro noennoro norennnana n oxpanntx ycnyr n sanxnmnct oyuennem
npanam uenonexa, ocnyxnnannem emoxparnuecxoro nepexoa n npeocran-
nennem npounx ycnyr, ne cnxsanntx c apmne n noopyxennxmn
32
. Hanpnmep, n

27
US Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Iraq: The Transition from a Military Mission
to a Civilian-led Effort (US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 31 Jan. 2011), p. 10.
28
Strobel, W. P., State Dept. planning to field a small army in Iraq, 21 July 2010, McClatchy
Washington Bureau, <http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/07/21/97915/state-dept-planning-to-
field-a.html>.
29
Avant, D. D., The Market for Force: The Consequences of Privatizing Security (Cambridge
University Press: Cambridge, 2005), p. 7.
30
Gichanga, M., Roberts, M. and Gumedze, S., The Involvement of the Private Security Sector
in Peacekeeping Missions, Conference report (Institute for Security Studies: Nairobi, 2122 July
2010); n Serafino, N., The Global Peace Operations Initiative: Background and Issues for Con-
gress, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress RL32773 (US Congress, CRS:
Washington, DC, 8 Feb. 2006).
31
stensen, . G., UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies: Practices and Poli-
cies, SSR Paper no. 3 (Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces: Geneva,
2011), p. 39. O renennnxx n nponeennn mnpornopuecxnx onepann cm. rnany 3 nacroxmero
nsannx. O yuacrnn Mnponoro Rra n onepannxx OOH no noepxannm mnpa cm.: Tardy, T.,
Peace operations: the fragile consensus, SIPRI Yearbook 2011.
32
stensen (cnocxa 31), p. 36.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 258
2011 r. xomnannx Academi, xoropax npexe tna nsnecrna xax Xe Services, a
eme pantme xax Blackwater, oxnnna, uro ona nepememaer nenrp cnoero
nnnmannx c oecneuennx esonacnocrn na oyuenne
33
. Onaxo axe c +rnmn
+nemenramn cment nmnxa n nnepcn]nxannn mnorne uacrnte noennte xom-
nannn npoonxamr npeocrannxrt rpannnonnte ycnyrn n cnryannxx xon-
]nnxron n non. axe xpynnemne nnrerparopt cncrem noopyxennx nponn-
ramr cnon nopasenennx no oxasannm ycnyr n xauecrne nopxunxon npn
nponeennn onepann no noepxannm mnpa n cranntnocrn. Hanpnmep, na
care Mexynapono acconnannn no onepannxm no noepxannm crannt-
nocrn xomnannx BAE Systems nepeuncnxer cnon ycnyrn, cpen xoroptx mare-
pnantnoe oecneuenne n ocnyxnnanne annannn; xommynnxannonnte ycnyrn
n orcnexnnanne; nn]opmannonno-rexnonornuecxne ycnyrn; pasnetnarent-
nte n anannrnuecxne ycnyrn; marepnantnoe oecneuenne, ]paxr n nocranxa;
oecneuenne esonacnocrn; n oyuenne
34
.


Onepamueua noooep+ra: ooy:euue uuocmpauuix eoeuuoc.y+auux
u npoepa++i peqop+upoeauu cermopa no noooep+auum +upa
u ooecne:euum oesonacuocmu

Co npemen Fanxancxnx non 1990-x roon xomnannn, npeocrannxmmne
ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, nomnmo pacmnpennx cnoero npncyrcrnnx na
ptnxe marepnantnoro oecneuennx, ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pemon-
ra no npemx xon]nnxron n nocne nnx, yxpennnn cnon nosnnnn n na ptnxax
pyrnx nnon ycnyr oneparnnno noepxxn, nxnmuax oyuenne. Yuacrne
+rnx xomnann n nporpammax no oyuennm n ocranonxe nocne xon]nnxra
oosnauaer nonym mexynaponym renennnm n nonnrnxe n onacrn eso-
nacnocrn. Mnorne ]nnancnpyemte npannrentcrnamn n oprannsannxmn npo-
rpammt no npeocrannennm noontx ycnyr npn pxe ocroxrentcrn onnpa-
mrcx na uacrnte xomnannn. Onnm ns npnmepon xnnxercx Inoantnax nnn-
nnarnna onepann no noepxannm mnpa mnorocroponnxx nporpamma,
cosannax n 2004 r. nx nororonxn noennocnyxamnx x yuacrnm n onepannxx
no noepxannm mnpa. B pamxax Inoantno nnnnnarnnt onepann no no-
epxannm mnpa Iocyapcrnennt enapramenr CBA norparnn n 2010 n 2011
]nn. rr., cornacno onenxam, 100 mnn onn. na nororonxy mecrntx noopyxen-
ntx cnn n A]pnxe x yuacrnm n onepannxx no noepxannm mnpa
35
. Kpome
xomnann, ornocxmnxcx x xareropnn xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx npenmy-
mecrnenno ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, n raxoro poa nporpammax raxxe

33
Academi, Leading training and security services provider Xe Services announces name
change to Academi, Press release, 12 Dec. 2011, <http://academi.com/press_releases/1>; n
Sizemore, B., Past lingers for company formerly called Blackwater, Virginia-Pilot, 3 Jan. 2012.
34
International Stability Operations Association, BAE Systems, <http://stability-
operations.org/BAE Systems>.
35
US Department of State, Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI), <http://www.
state.gov/t/pm/ppa/gpoi/>; US Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, vol. 2,
Foreign Operations Fiscal Year 2011 (Department of State: Washington, DC, 1 Feb. 2010); n
Isenberg, D., Africa: the mother of all PMC, Huffington Post, 22 Mar. 2010, <http://www. huff-
ingtonpost.com/david-isenberg/africa-the-mother-of-all_b_509111.html>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 259
yuacrnymr nnrerparopt xpynntx cncrem, ocymecrnnxx, nanpnmep, noennym
nororonxy no nporpammam pe]opmnponannx cexropa oecneuennx esonac-
nocrn nnn, xax n cnyuae c Northrop Grumman, no nporpamme nororonxn n
rexnnuecxoro coecrnnx nx A]pnxancxnx cnn pearnponannx na xpnsnct
36
.
3rn ]npmt axe npnnnexannct n xauecrne conernnxon no nonpocam crpyxry-
pt conmecrntx a]pnxancxnx cnn esonacnocrn, nanpnmep, xoncyntrnponann
ornocnrentno cxemt n xonnennnn marepnantnoro oecneuennx A]pnxan-
cxnx pesepnntx cnn A]pnxancxoro comsa (AC) n rnpnno onepannn AC n
OOH n ap]ype
37
.
Ho npnunnam, cxontm c remn, uro npnnenn x pocry ncnontsonannx
npeocrannxemtx uacrntmn xomnannxmn noenntx ycnyr n onepannxx no
noepxannm mnpa, npannrentcrna n oprannsannn, ntcrynammne cnoncopa-
mn, nepoxrno, npoonxar nce ontme npnnnexart uacrnte xomnannn x pe-
]opmnponannm cexropa oecneuennx esonacnocrn n oxasannm pyrnx nnon
ycnyr oneparnnno noepxxn. uro xacaercx onepann no noepxannm mn-
pa, ro coxpamenne uncnennocrn noopyxenntx cnn osnauaer ymentmenne
uncnennocrn xnann]nnnponanntx noennocnyxamnx, xoroptx moxno nanpa-
nnrt na ntnonnenne mnccn no nororonxe n oyuennm
38
. Hponema yer
saxnmuartcx n perynnponannn exrentnocrn +rnx xomnann, nocxontxy n
ouent ne mnornx crpanax cymecrnymr omne npannna, onpeenxmmne none-
enne uacrnoro nepconana, npeocrannxmmero ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx,
n orcyrcrnymr ynn]nnnponannte npannna +xcnopra +rnx ycnyr crpan-
cnoncopon
39
.


Bmnom

B nnxame nepcnexrnne pocr npoax noenntx ycnyr, nepoxrno, sa-
mennrcx. 3ro moxer trt ntsnano nactmennem ptnxa n pesyntrare tcrpo-
ro ynennuennx npoax n npemecrnymmne rot n npoonxammnmcx cnnxe-
nnem noenno axrnnnocrn CBA n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe, xorx coxpanxmmee-
cx npncyrcrnne Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra CBA n Hpaxe norpeyer
nexoroptx noenntx ycnyr, npeocrannxemtx uacrntmn xomnannxmn. Onaxo
cnnxenne oemon npoax ne tno n npx nn yer onnaxontm y ncex xom-
nann, rem onee, uro npoaxn noenntx ycnyr n pyrnx onacrxx, nanpnmep
n cexrope ocnyxnnannx, noccranonnennx n pemonra camoneron, ynennun-
nnct.

36
Northrop Grumman, U. S. Department of State awards Northrop Grumman African train-
ing contract, Press release, 6 July 2010, <http://investor.northropgrumman.com/phoenix.zhtml?
c=112386&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1444523>.
37
Gumedze, S., Introduction to the SSG project on private military/security companies,
Gichanga, Roberts and Gumedze (cnocxa 30), p. 5.
38
stensen (cnocxa 31), p. 39.
39
Cm.: Badong, P., Keeping the peace: private military and security companies in peacekeep-
ing operations in Africa, Gichanga, Roberts and Gumedze (cnocxa 30); n Holmqvist, C., Private
Security Companies: The Case for Regulation, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 9 (SIPRI: Stockholm,
2005).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 260
Cymecrnyer omee npenonoxenne, uro ycnyrn, npeocrannxemte uacr-
ntmn xomnannxmn, emenne n +]]exrnnnee ycnyr, oxastnaemtx npannrent-
crnenntmn arenrcrnamn. Orcma ntrexaer, uro nepeaua npeocrannennx no-
enntx ycnyr na cropony xax nocpecrnom saxnmuennx npxmtx npannrent-
crnenntx xonrpaxron c rononntmn nopxunxamn, rax n uepes xonrpaxrt
rononntx nopxunxon c rpertnmn croponamn, nepoxrno, n xparxo- n cpe-
necpouno nepcnexrnne yer npoonxartcx. Kpome norennnantnoro oxasa-
nnx nosecrnnx na nsepxxn, +rn xomnannn nnnxmr na reopnm n npaxrnxy n
onacrn esonacnocrn, nanpnmep, na ro, xax ocymecrnnxmrcx ocnyxnnanne
rexnnxn n noepxxa cncrem, xaxoro poa norennnanom onaamr crpant n
ycnonnxx xon]nnxra n xax crpyxrypnponant n nororonnent noopyxennte
cnnt +rnx crpan
40
.


40
Leander, A., The power to construct international security: on the significance of private
military companies, Millennium Journal of International Studies, vol. 33, no. 3 (June 2005).
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 261
III. BOEHHA HPOMIBHEHHOCTI H OTPACHI
HO OKA3AHHR BOEHHIX YCHYI B HHHH

Ctmsan T. EKCOH n Mnxa+nt IPHHFAYM

Htraxct na nporxxennn onee uem ecxrnnernx pasnnrt cocrnennym
camoocrarounym nannonantnym noennym npomtmnennocrt, npannrentcrno
Hnnn n xnnape 2011 r. onapoonano cnom nepnym o]nnnantnym nonnrnxy n
onacrn ooponnoro nponsnocrna
1
. 3ror onrocpount nponecc tn nnn-
nnnponan nepecmorpom nonnrnxn n onacrn nannonantno esonacnocrn,
xoropt nocneonan ncne sa Kaprnntcxnm xon]nnxrom 1999 r. c Haxncra-
nom. B ecrnnrentnocrn ocnonnax uacrt saxynox noopyxenn Hnne mo-
rnnnponanact omymaemtmn nnemnnmn yrposamn co cropont Haxncrana n
Knrax, a raxxe amnnnxmn Hnnn crart, conepnnuax c Knraem, pernonantno
epxano
2
.
B reuenne cneymmero ecxrnnernx Hnnx nnannpyer norparnrt, co-
rnacno onenxam, 150 mnp onn. na moepnnsannm, ononnenne n noepxa-
nne noenno rexnnxn cnonx noopyxenntx cnn, npnuem, no nexoroptm npo-
rnosntm onenxam, +ra renennnx x nontmennm sarpar coxpannrcx o 2040 r.
3

Onaxo manonepoxrno, uro Hnnn yacrcx yonnernopnrt cnpoc rontxo sa
cuer nannonantnoro nponsnocrna, npnuem nce cxoxrcx n mnennn, uro nn-
ncxax nonnrnxa n onacrn ooponno npomtmnennocrn rpeyer macmra-
ntx pe]opm n c]epe HHOKP n saxynox
4
. Ko ncemy npouemy, Hnnx cranxnna-
ercx c pemenem sarpar na pasnnrne n noepxanne uacrno noenno npo-
mtmnennocrn, xoropax cymecrnyer nnmt c 2001 r. nosnn crapr no
cpannennm co crpanamn c ananornuntmn yponnxmn noenntx pacxoon n am-
nnnxmn nannonantno noenno npomtmnennocrn
5
.
Bnpoxo pacnpocrpaneno mnenne, uro rocyapcrnennte npenpnxrnx
oxaxyrcx ne n cocroxnnn yonnernopnrt norpenocrn Hnnn n noenno rex-
nnxe
6
. Cornacno cocrnenntm nocueram npannrentcrna, nononnna nponsno-
nmo n crpane rexnnxn xnnxercx ycrapenme, n rontxo 15% cunraercx co-
npemenno
7
. Ho ono ns onenox, nx roro urot onrtcx nepenoma n nt-

1
Indian Ministry of Defence, Defence Production Policy (Department of Defence Production:
New Delhi, 1 Jan. 2011). Cm. raxxe: Smith, C., SIPRI, Indias Ad Hoc Arsenal: Direction or Drift
in Defence Policy? (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1994), pp. 204220.
2
Holtom, P. n p., International arms transfers, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 278283.
3
Agency for the Dissemination of Technology Information (ADIT), Whos Who: Key Deci-
sion Makers of the Indian Defense Sector (ADIT: Paris, 2009), p. 22. Cm. raxxe: Confederation of
Indian Industry, Defence sector, <http://www.cii.in/Sectors.aspx? SectorID=S000000003>.
4
Deloitte and Confederation of Indian Industry, Prospects for Global Defence Export Industry
in Indian Defence Market (Deloitte: New Delhi, 2010), p. 98.
5
Indian Ministry of Defence, Defence production: supplies wing, <http://mod.nic.in/ prod-
uct&supp/welcome.html>. O pemenn sarpar, cm.: Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI
Yearbook 2011, pp. 233236.
6
Agency for the Dissemination of Technology Information (cnocxa 3), p. 20.
7
Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) in Defence Sector (DIPP: New Delhi, 17 May 2010), p. 2.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 262
nemne cnryannn, xora 70% ncex noopyxenn n noenntx ycnyr nocrynamr
ns-sa pyexa, nnncxo noenno npomtmnennocrn npnercx exerono na
nporxxennn nxrn ner ynannart oem ntnycxa npoyxnnn
8
. ocrnxenne ra-
xoro exeronoro ynoennx manonepoxrno no npnunne sarpar na cosanne n
noepxxy nannonantno noenno npomtmnennocrn n nannunx nnemnnx
aptepon nx nepeaun snann n rexnonorn co cropont nnocrpanntx +xc-
noprepon noopyxenn
9
. Bmecre c rem ncntrtnaemoe mnpontmn nponsnon-
renxmn noopyxenn annenne, xoropoe ntnyxaer nx ncxart +xcnoprnte
ptnxn, ocoenno n nepno coxpamennx rocyapcrnenntx pacxoon na Mnpo-
nom Cenepe, aer Hnnn ononnnrentnte ptuarn npn neennn neperonopon
o ycnonnxx saxynox n ontme nosmoxnocre nx +xonomnuecxoro crnmynn-
ponannx nepeaun nnocrpanntx rexnonorn
10
.


C1pyx1ypa noennon npoummnennoc1n Hnnn

Onn ns ntnoon, cenanntx no pesyntraram nepecmorpa nonnrnxn n
onacrn nannonantno esonacnocrn, nocneonanmero sa Kaprnntcxnm xon-
]nnxrom 1999 r., cocroxn n rom, uro Hnnx nyxaercx n nepecrpoxe noenno
npomtmnennocrn, nanpannenno, n uacrnocrn, na coecrnne saxynxam noo-
pyxennx n nannonantnomy noennomy nponsnocrny
11
. Hponsnocrno noopy-
xenn n noennte ycnyrn panee naxonnnct n xomnerennnn npannrentcrna
Hnnn. C max 2001 r. npannrentcrno paspemnno uacrnomy cexropy yuacrno-
nart n noenno npomtmnennocrn npn ycnonnn, uro xomnannn nonyuamr nn-
nensnm, ntanaemym conmecrno enapramenrom npomtmnenno nonnrnxn n
nponnxennx ronapon n mnnncrepcrnom oopont
12
. B pamxax ntnemne no-
nnrnxn onycxaercx 100%-x uacrnax cocrnennocrt nnncxnx xomnann n
o 26% nnocrpannoro yuacrnx uepes nnocrpannte npxmte nnnecrnnnn
13
.
Hpannrentcrno ocynno npnnarnsannm Hindustan Aeronautics Limited n nna-
nnpyer nepnnunoe pasmemenne axnn +ro xomnannn na ]ononom ptnxe,
xorx npemennte pamxn ycranonnent ne tnn
14
.
B nnncxo noenno npomtmnennocrn npeonaamr npnnanexamne
rocyapcrny xomnannn: 39 sanoon nnncxo Ordnance Factories n 8 sanoon
Defence Public Sector Undertakings. Hs 30% nnncxnx saxynox noopyxenn,
xoropte npnxoxrcx na nannonantntx nocranmnxon, 21% cocrannxmr saxyn-
xn y npnnanexamnx rocyapcrny npenpnxrn n 9% saxynxn nenocpecr-

8
Deloitte and Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 4), p. 13.
9
Deloitte and Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 4), p. 36.
10
Holtom et al. (cnocxa 2), p. 280. Cm. raxxe pasen I ntme.
11
Agency for the Dissemination of Technology Information (cnocxa 3), p. 14.
12
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 5).
13
Indian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Annual Report 20102011 (MOD: New Delhi, 2011),
p. 55; n Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (cnocxa 7), p. 3.
14
B xoe nepnnunoro pasmemennx na ]onont ptnox yyr ntcrannent axnnn, npe-
crannxmmne, nepoxrno, o 10% cronmocrn xomnannn, nnn, cornacno onenxam, na cymmy
400 mnn onn. Grevatt, J., Banks line up to lead Hindustan Aeronautics IPO, Janes Defence
Industry, 11 Nov. 2011.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 263
nenno y uacrnoro cexropa
15
. Cornacno o]nnnantntm anntm, oopor
Ordnance Factories n Defence Public Sector Undertakings n 2010 r. pannxncx
npnnnsnrentno 386 mnp pynn (8.4 mnp onn.)
16
. Xorx annte no uacrno-
my cexropy nonyunrt rpynee, +ra uacrt nnncxo noenno npomtmnenno-
crn ynennunnaercx, nocxontxy xpynnte npomtmnennte xonrnomepart n-
nepcn]nnnpymrcx n noennt cexrop. Hanpnmep, Tata Group, Mahindra Group,
Kirloskar Group, Larsen and Toubro cosamr conmecrnte npenpnxrnx c nn-
ncxnmn n nnocrpanntmn xomnannxmn
17
. Homnmo +rnx xpynntx xomnann
nmeercx raxxe px mantx n cpennx npenpnxrn. Ordnance Factories n De-
fence Public Sector Undertakings nepeamr na ncnonnenne +rnm xomnannxm
2025% cnonx saxason
18
.
B cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx noenno-npomtmnenntx xomnann n
xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, sa 2010 r. npncyr-
crnonann rpn nnncxnx xomnannn: Bharat Electronics Limited, HAL n
Ordnance Factories (cm. pasen IV nnxe). Y xomnannn HAL, xpynneme ns
Defence Public Sector Undertakings, 90% npoax npnxonrcx na nnncxne
noopyxennte cnnt
19
. Hmex npoaxn noopyxennx na cymmy 2.48 mnp onn., n
2010 r. ona sannmana 34-e mecro n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomna-
nn. Hpoaxn opyxnx Ordnance Factories na cymmy 1.96 mnp onn. n 2010 r.
nocrannnn ee na 46-e mecro, rora xax xomnannx Bharat Electronics Limited,
eme ona ns Defence Public Sector Undertakings, c npoaxamn na cymmy
971 mnn onn., sanxna n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann 71-e me-
cro. H y Ordnance Factories, n y Bharat Electronics Limited 80% npoax npn-
xonnoct na nnncxoe mnnncrepcrno oopont. 3a nepno 20022010 rr.
npoaxn noopyxenn HAL ynennunnnct na 383%, Ordnance Factories na 69
n Bharat Electronics Limited na 138%. B reuenne +roro nepnoa noxasarenn
npoax noopyxenn xax nx HAL, rax n nx Bharat Electronics Limited ne-
npeptnno nospacrann, rora xax na ]one omero pocra npoax Ordnance
Factories ormeuannct nesnaunrentnte xoneannx. C 2002 no 2010 r. npoaxn
noopyxenn HAL n conoxynnom oeme npoax cocrannxnn or 80 o 90%, n
ro npemx xax y Ordnance Factories or 73 o 82, a y Bharat Electronics Lim-
ited or 76 no 85%.
B ro npemx xax nnocrpannte npxmte nnnecrnnnn n nacroxmee npemx
orpannuent 26%, npoonxamrcx n uacro naxanxmrcx eart no nonpocy o
npnemnemom yponne sapyexntx nnnecrnnn n nnncxo noenno npo-
mtmnennocrn. Onn npnnoxr onot n nontsy coxpanennx ntnemnero
yponnx, pyrne ntcxastnamrcx n noepxxy nontmennx maxcnmantnoro

15
KPMG and Confederation of Indian Industry, Opportunities in the Indian Defence Sector:
An Overview (KPMG: New Delhi, 2010), p. 21; n Indian Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion (cnocxa 7), p. 2.
16
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), p. 56.
17
KPMG and Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 15), p. 21. Cm. raxxe: Government
to encourage private shipyards for increasing the submarine building capacity, Defence Now,
24 May 2011, <http://www.defencenow.com/news/179/government-to-encourage-private-shipyards-
for-increasing-the-submarine-building-capacity.html>.
18
KPMG and Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 15), p. 22.
19
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), p. 59.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 264
yponnx o 49%, a rpertn orcrannamr npeen na yponne 74%
20
. Croponnnxn
ynennuennx nnocrpanntx npxmtx nnnecrnnn oxastnamr, uro ono npnneer
x ycnnennm crnmynon x nepeaue rexnonorn n noynr nnocrpanntx nep-
nnuntx nponsnonrene rexnnxn x ocymecrnnennm nnnecrnnn; mnnncrep-
crno oopont, n cnom ouepet, yrnepxaer, uro noonoe ynennuenne no-
neprner onacnocrn nannonantnym npomtmnennocrt n, nosmoxno, nocrannr
no yrposy nnrepect nannonantno esonacnocrn
21
.
Cornacno nocnennm o]nnnantntm anntm, n 2009 r. Hnnx +xcnoprn-
ponana noopyxenn na omym cymmy 70 mnn onn.
22
Onaxo Hnnx nourn ne
+xcnoprnpyer roronte cncremt noopyxennx; nmecro +roro ona +xcnoprnpyer
orentnte uacrn n xomnonenrt
23
. Hanpornn, Hnnx n nepno 20072011 rr.
tna xpynnemnm nmnoprepom ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn,
ontme uacrtm nocrynammnx ns Poccnn
24
.


Ycnonnn cymec1nonannn nponsnoc1na noopyaennn n Hnnn

Honnrnxa nponsnocrna noopyxenn npannrentcrna Hnnn 2011 r. oe-
nnxer nonnrnxn, xoropte panee tnn c]opmynnponant n pxe saxnnenn n
nponeyp, n n omnx ueprax nameuaer nporpammy paort npannrentcrna no
pasnnrnm n noepxannm nannonantno noenno npomtmnennocrn
25
. Ee
saxnnennte nenn: (a) ocrnxenne ntcoxoro yponnx camooecneuennocrn sa
xax moxno onee xoporxoe npemx; (b) cosanne ycnonn, neoxonmtx nx
yuacrnx uacrno npomtmnennocrn; (c) nontmenne ponn mantx n cpennx
npenpnxrn n nponecce nannonantnoro nponsnocrna opyxnx; (d) pacmnpe-
nne orpacneno nayuno-nccneonarentcxo ast
26
. B ne raxxe nsnaramrcx
nponeypt saxynox, nornepxammne nonnrnxy xomnencann (r. e. oxsa-
rentnoro yuacrnx mecrnoro naprnepa no conmecrnomy npenpnxrnm nnn me-
crnoro nocranmnxa), n npomtmnennoro nnnensnponannx (xomnannxm, naun-
nammnm nponsnocrno noopyxenn, rpeyercx nonyuart nnnensnm)
27
. Onnm
ns norennnantntx aptepon n pexnme nnnensnponannx xnnxercx oronopxa o
rom, uro nnocrpannte xomnannn moryr ntnpart nnmt rex naprnepon, xoro-

20
Hpomtmnennte xpyrn noepxnnamr nontmenne yponnx o 49%, a enapramenr
npomtmnenno nonnrnxn n nponnxennx ronapon nacrannamr na nontmennn yponnx o
74%. Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (cnocxa 7), p. 9.
21
O npeentnom yponne n 26% uacro ronopxr, uro on oxastnaer cepxnnammee nnnxnne
na nnocrpannte nnnecrnnnn n noennym npomtmnennocrt. Behera, L., Indias defence offset
policy, Strategic Analysis, vol. 33, no. 2 (Mar. 2009), p. 246.
22
Cm. pasen VI rnant 6 nacroxmero nsannx. annte npnnoxrcx n onnapax CBA n
nocroxnntx nenax 2010 r.
23
Cm., nanpnmep: Boeing, Boeing teams with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for P-81
weapons bay doors, Press release, 11 Feb. 2010, <http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php? s=43
&item=1073>.
24
Cm. pasen I rnant 6 nacroxmero nsannx.
25
Ben-Ari, G. and Lombardo, N., Indias military modernization, Centre for Strategic and
International Studies, 1 Apr. 2011, <http://csis.org/publication/indias-military-modernization>.
26
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 1), p. 1.
27
Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (cnocxa 7), pp. 34.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 265
pte yxe nmemr (nnn c ontmo crenentm nepoxrnocrn nonyuar) nnnensnn.
Taxnm opasom, rpyno c]opmynnponart xomnencannonnym crparernm, ecnn
xomnannx ne ynepena n rom, uro ona cmoxer nnnensnponart cnom npoyx-
nnm
28
.
na ns uertpex enapramenron mnnncrepcrna oopont Hnnn nmemr
nenocpecrnennoe nnnxnne na crpyxrypy n nponsnocrno nnncxo noenno
npomtmnennocrn. Opasonannt n 1962 r. enapramenr ooponnoro npons-
nocrna sannmaercx omnmn nonpocamn nponsnocrna noopyxenn (nanpn-
mep, noxannsanne nponsnocrna nmnoprnpyemo rexnnxn), a raxxe ocyme-
crnnxer nnannponanne exrentnocrn n xonrponnpyer Ordnance Factories n
Defence Public Sector Undertakings. enapramenr ooponntx nayuno-
nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxnx paspaorox (Department of
Defence Research and Development DDRD) c 1958 r. xypnpyer Oprannsannm
ooponntx nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxnx paspao-
rox; (Defense Research Development Organisation DRDO) xoncyntrnpyer
mnnncrepcrno oopont no nayuntm acnexram noenno rexnnxn n marepnant-
noro oecneuennx n oecneunnaer nnoxenne pecypcon n nayunte nccneona-
nnx, xoncrpynponanne n paspaorxy rexnnxn nx noopyxenntx cnn
29
.
Cymecrnymr n pyrne xnmuente nrpoxn, ne ornocxmnecx x mnnncrepcr-
ny oopont. B mnnncrepcrne ropronnn n npomtmnennocrn, nanpnmep, e-
napramenr npomtmnenno nonnrnxn n nponnxennx ronapon orneuaer sa ]o-
pmynnponanne, oopenne n peannsannm nonnrnxn npnnneuennx nnocrpan-
ntx npxmtx nnnecrnnn, n rom uncne n sa crnmynnponanne n ynennuenne
npnroxa nnocrpanntx npxmtx nnnecrnnn n noennym npomtmnennocrt
30
.
Cama orpacnt npecrannena n pxe acconnann, nxnmuax Kon]eepannm nn-
ncxo npomtmnennocrn n ueepannm nnncxnx roprono-npomtmnenntx
nanar
31
.
Ha Coner no ooponntm saxynxam nosnoxena ornercrnennocrt sa xon-
cyntrnponanne no nonpocam xannrantntx saxynox n oopenne nx n pamxax
onrocpounoro nnrerpnponannoro nepcnexrnnnoro nnana. B coornercrnnn c
onrocpountm nnrerpnponanntm nepcnexrnnntm nnanom Coner no oopon-
ntm saxynxam pasnocnr xannrantnte saxynxn no nxrn xareropnxm:
(a) noxynxa (npxmax saxynxa rexnnxn); (b) noxynxa n nsroronnenne (Hn-
nx) (saxynxa y nnncxo xomnannn, ocymecrnnxmme nponsnocrno no
cornamennm c nnocrpanntm nepnnuntm nponsnonrenem); (c) noxynxa n
nsroronnenne (mnp) (saxynxn y nnocrpannoro npoanna c ycnonnem nnnen-
snonnoro cornamennx o noxannsannn nponsnocrna xomnonenron);
(d) nsroronnenne (nannonantnoe nponsnocrno ntcoxorexnonornuntx cnc-

28
Behera (cnocxa 21), p. 246.
29
Indian Ministry of Defence, About the ministry, <http://mod.nic.in/aboutus/welcome.
html>; Indian Ministry of Defence, Defence production: overview, <http://mod.nic.in/ prod-
uct&supp/welcome.html>; n Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation, Genesis &
growth, <http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp? pg=genesis.jsp>.
30
Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Role and functions of the Depart-
ment of Industrial Policy & Promotion, <http://dipp.nic.in/English/AboutUs/Roles.aspx>.
31
Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 3); n Federation of Indian Chambers of Com-
merce and Industry, Defence, <http://www.ficci.com/sector.asp? secid=9>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 266
rem); (e) moepnnsannx (nx nmo xareropnn cocroxme na noopyxennn
rexnnxn)
32
.
Xorx xomnencannonnax nonnrnxa nauana npononrtcx n Hnnn eme n
1960-x roax, ona ne tna o]nnnantno c]opmynnponana o 2005 r., xora
Mnnncrepcrno oopont Hnnn oannno n cnon pexomenannn no saxynxe
noopyxenn oronopxy o xomnencannxx. 3ra oronopxa tna pasxcnena n
2006 r. n eme pas n 2008 r.
33
Arenrcrno no coecrnnm xomnencannonntm
ooponntm nporpammam enapramenra ooponnoro nponsnocrna opran, n
xoropt nxoxr npecrannrenn noopyxenntx cnn, Oprannsannn ooponntx
nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxnx paspaorox, npomtm-
nenntx acconnann, Ordnance Factories n Defence Public Sector Undertakings,
orneuaer sa coecrnne nponeennm xomnencannonno nonnrnxn
34
. Hpoexrt
cronmocrtm 3 n onee mnp pynn (65 mnn onn.) onxnt coepxart ycnonne
o 30-nponenrno cnenn]nuecxn ooponno xomnencannn, xorx npannrentcr-
no coxpanxer sa coo npano n orentntx cnyuaxx ynennunnart +ror npo-
nenr
35
.
Oprannsannx ooponntx nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-
xoncrpyxropcxnx paspaorox cosana uertpe nccneonarentcxnx ynpannennx,
oxnartnammnx xax noennte, rax n rpaxancxne nccneonannx. Ynpannennx
oennxmr nayunoe coomecrno, nayuno-nccneonarentcxne nenrpt n npo-
mtmnennocrt n oecneunnamr cycnnponanne conmecrntx npoexron nep-
cnexrnnntx nepeontx nccneonann, cnxsanntx c oopono
36
. Cexrop
HHOKP xpnrnxonancx sa orcyrcrnne cnoconocrn acopnponart nepeanae-
mte rexnonornn, uro xnnxercx ono ns npnunn ntcoxo onn ycrapenme
rexnnxn n conoxynnom oeme nponsnocrna nnncxo noenno npomtm-
nennocrn
37
. Bmecre c rem n 20092010 rr. Hnnx norparnna 84.8 mnp pynn
(1.85 mnp onn.) 7% cnoero noennoro mxera na HHOKP n accnrnonana
na nnx 103 mnp pynn (2.25 mnp onn.) n 20112012 rr.
38
Kpome roro, n ne-
nxx crnmynnponannx nannonantnoro n nnocrpannoro uacrnoro cexropa nnne-
crnponart n HHOKP npannrentcrno npenoxnno pasennrt nsepxxn na npo-
neenne paor, cornacnnmnct ]nnancnponart 80% cronmocrn npoexra
39
. Ono

32
Indian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Defence Procurement Procedure: Capital Procurement
(MOD: New Delhi, 2011).
33
Behera (cnocxa 21), pp. 242243.
34
Indian Defence Offset Facilitation Agency, Vision statement, <http://mod.nic.in/DOFA.
htm>. Btcxastnanoct mnenne, uro Arenrcrno no coecrnnm xomnencannonntm ooponntm
nporpammam ne n cocroxnnn cnpannrtcx c nosnoxenntm na nero oemom paor. Cm.,
nanpnmep: Behera (cnocxa 21), p. 244.
35
Indian Defence Offset Facilitation Agency (cnocxa 34). uro xacaercx npxmtx nno-
crpanntx nnnecropon, ro onn ntpaxann neonontcrno nnncxo xomnencannonno nonnrn-
xo. Cm., nanpnmep, Komradin, nponnrnponannt n: Anderson, G., Eurocopter, HAL collabo-
ration targets international markets, Janes Defense Industry, 22 July 2011.
36
Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation, Research boards, <http://drdo.
gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp? pg=researchboards.jsp>.
37
Indian Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (cnocxa 7), p. 3.
38
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), p. 14; n Behera, L., Institute for Defence Studies
and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi, Communication with author, 7 Jan. 2012.
39
PricewaterhouseCoopers and Confederation of Indian Industry, Changing Dynamics: In-
dias Aerospace Industry (PricewaterhouseCoopers: New Delhi, 2009), p. 32.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 267
raxxe nauano ]nnancnponart HHOKP, npononmte uacrntmn xomnannxmn,
xorx n n ropaso mentme crenenn
40
.
Orentnte npenpnxrnx, nxoxmne n Defence Public Sector Undertak-
ings, raxxe nmemr nenrpt HHOKP. Homnmo nponsnocrnenntx momnocre
HAL ynpannxer 10 nayuno-nccneonarentcxnmn nenrpamn, xoropte, cpen
npouero, sanxrt xoncrpynponannem n nponsnocrnenno nn]pacrpyxrypo
noenntx camoneron n cncrem annonnxn. B cocrane Ordnance Factories ecr-
nymr 12 nccneonarentcxnx nenrpon, sanxrtx paoramn n pxe onacre, n
rom uncne paspaorxo rennontx npnopon nounoro nnennx, ponn nx
rpancnoprntx cpecrn n oenpnnacon. Bharat Electronics Limited nmeer rpn
nenrpantnte nayuno-nccneonarentcxne naoparopnn, xoropte cnennannsn-
pymrcx na rexnonornuecxnx paspaorxax, nanpnmep, na cosannn pasnetna-
rentnoro nporpammnoro oecneuennx n paxernom moennponannn. C 2008 no
2010 r. ]nnancnponanne HHOKP xomnanne Bharat Electronics Limited nos-
pocno na 25%, n ro npemx xax ee oopor sa ror xe camt nepno ynennunncx
ncero nnmt na 10%
41
.


O1pacnt no npeoc1annennm ycnyr noennoro nasnauennn n Hnnn

Px nponsnonrene noopyxenn n Hnnn pacmnpnn cnon nopr]enn sa-
xason na npeocrannenne noenntx ycnyr. nx noepxannx +rnx ycnnn Op-
rannsannx ooponntx nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxnx
paspaorox (DDRD) cocpeoraunnaer cnoe nnnmanne na pxe npoexron n npo-
rpamm, opnenrnponanntx na ycnyrn. Onnm ns npnmepon xnnxercx xomntm-
repnsnponannax cncrema noenntx nrp (Sangram-II), xoropax ncnontsyercx nx
raxrnuecxoro oyuennx, nnannponannx n pasnnrnx crparernn. DDRD raxxe
npononr nccneonannx n onacrn onepann c cerentmn nenrpamn ynpanne-
nnx n cncrem, oecneunnammnx cexpernocrt cnxsn
42
.
uro xacaercx xomnann, ro y HAL or 80 o 85% saxason na pemonr n
npoax ycnyr npnxoxrcx na nnncxne noopyxennte cnnt
43
. HAL oxastna-
er pasnoopasnte ycnyrn noenno annannn, nxnmuax xannrantnt pemonr,
omee ocnyxnnanne, noccranonnenne n pemonr, ynpannenne marepnantntm
oecneuennem, pemonr na mecre +xcnnyarannn, oyuenne ncnontsonannm
rexnnxn n ocnyxnnanne ycrpocrn
44
. Cpen pyrnx xomnann Bharat Elec-
tronics Limited npeocrannxer ycnyrn no ocnyxnnannm +nexrponnxn n yunr
nontsonartcx em, a Hindustan Shipyard n Goa Shipyard npeocrannxmr nexo-

40
Cornacno onenxam, n 2011/2012 ]nn. r. n pamxax onncanno ntme nponeypt Hsro-
ronnenne na paspaorxn ontrntx opasnon tno accnrnonano 1.18 mnp pynn (26 mnn
onn.). Behera (cnocxa 21).
41
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), pp. 57, 59, 63.
42
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), p. 90.
43
Behera (cnocxa 21), p. 245.
44
Anderson (cnocxa 35). Cm. raxxe: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Accessories Division
Lucknow: our services, <http://www.hal-india.com/Accessories/services.asp>; n Hindustan Aero-
nautics Ltd, Aircraft Division Nasik: our services, <http://www.hal-india.com/Aircraft Na-
sik/services.asp>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 268
ropte ycnyrn raxoro xe poa, sannmaxct ocnyxnnannem xopane n nono-
ntx noox
45
.
Ha c]epy ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx pacnpocrpanxmrcx nnncxne
npannna n ornomennn xomnencann
46
. Hnocrpannte xomnannn paccmarpnna-
mrcx xax cymecrnennoe ycnonne nontmennx xomnerenrnocrn Hnnn n noen-
ntx ycnyrax, rouno rax xe, xax onn cunrannct neoremnemtm ycnonnem no-
ntmennx xomnerenrnocrn n nponsnocrne noopyxenn. Hanpnmep, n ]enpane
2011 r. Tata Industrial Services (nxoxmax n rpynny Tata Group) oennnna
ycnnnx c QinetiQ ns Bennxopnrannn. Hent cosannx naprnepcrna nx Tata
Industrial Services cocronr n rom, urot onpeennrt xpyr nnncxnx npons-
nonrene n nsxrt na cex nporpammnoe ynpannenne n pemenne pyrnx co-
nyrcrnymmnx saau, anax, raxnm opasom, xpynntm nnocrpanntm xomnann-
xm nosmoxnocrt yonnernopnrt npexnnxemte nm rpeonannx n onacrn
xomnencann n nocranox
47
. Ho xpane mepe uacrnuno +ro naprnepcrno yer
c]oxycnponano na npeocrannennn noenntx ycnyr. Hnnx ceuac xnnxercx
omamnnm ptnxom nx BAE Systems, xoropax, ncrynnn n naprnepcxne or-
nomennx c nnncxnmn xomnannxmn, npeocrannxer a+poxocmnuecxoe npo-
rpammnoe oecneuenne n nnxnnnpnnronte ycnyrn
48
.
Hnncxne xomnannn raxxe opasymr conmecrnte npenpnxrnx n mex-
ynaponte naprnepcrna, n uacrnocrn, nx ocnyxnnannx noenntx camone-
ron. B 2009 r. Hnnx n Poccnx nponnnn cpox cnonx oxsarentcrn no noenno-
my corpynnuecrny eme na 10 ner, nonncan px cornamenn, nxnmuax xon-
xpernoe cornamenne o nocnenpoaxnom ocnyxnnannn noenno rexnnxn
poccncxoro nponcxoxennx
49
. Onnm ns npnmepon raxoro corpynnuecrna
xnnxercx Integrated Helicopter Services, conmecrnoe npenpnxrne Vectra Group
India n Bepronert Poccnn. Conmecrnoe npenpnxrne, xoropoe nauner cnom
exrentnocrt c ocnyxnnannx rpaxancxnx neproneron n pacnpocrpannr ee
na noennte nepronert, craner nepntm nenrpom rexnnuecxoro ocnyxnnannx
Bepronert Poccnn n Hnnn
50
. Onaxo ocramrcx nonpoct ornocnrentno
cnoconocrn Poccnn n nenom noepxnnart +xcnnyarannonnym naexnocrt

45
Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 13), pp. 62, 66. Cm. raxxe: Hindustan Shipyard Ltd,
Ship Repairs Division, <http://www.hsl.nic.in/sr.html>.
46
nx +rnx nene ycnyrn onpeenxmrcx xax ocnyxnnanne, pemonr, ononnenne,
nponenne cpoxa cnyxt, nnxnnnpnnr, xoncrpynponanne, nponepxa npnronocrn npoyxnnn
n coornercrnymmero nporpammnoro oecneuennx nnn ycnyrn rapanrnn xauecrna n oyue-
nne. Indian Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 32), p. 45.
47
Tata Industrial Services, QinetiQ tie up for military robotics, UAVs, space exploration,
India Defence, 10 Feb. 2011, <http://www.india-defence.com/reports-5010>.
48
BAE Systems, Annual Report 2010: Total Performance Across Our Markets (BAE Sys-
tems: London, [2011]), p. 30. omamnne ptnxn paccmarpnnamrcx n: Jackson, S. T., Arms
production, SIPRI Yearbook 2010, p. 253fn.
49
Anand, India, Russia Military Technical Cooperation Agreement to be extended till 2020,
Machinist.in, 20 Oct. 2009, <http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=
2398>; n Kashani, S., Military pact with Russia will boost defence capability: India, Thaindian
News, 8 Dec. 2009, <http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/military-pact-with-russia-
will-boost-defence-capability-india_100285828.html>.
50
VertoletyRossii, Indo-Russian company Integrated Helicopter Services Pvt. Ltd. opens
Russian rotorcraft service centre in India, Press release, 7 Feb. 2011, <http://www.rus-helicopters.
ru/en/news/index.php? ELEMENT_ID=1874>.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 269
noenno annannonno rexnnxn, uro moxer sacrannrt Hnnm nepern na rex-
nnxy ns pyrnx crpan. C]epe ycnyr roxe npnercx nepeopnenrnponartcx na
+ry rexnnxy, n +ra nepeopnenrannx raxxe yer conpxxena c xomnencannxmn
nx nnncxo npomtmnennocrn
51
. pyrnm npnmepom opasonannx naprnep-
crna c nnocrpanno xomnanne nx ocnyxnnannx noenntx camoneron cny-
xnr cornamenne HAL c ]pannyscxo Dassault o nponeennn xannrantnoro
nncnexrnponannx oentx camoneron Mirage 2000 ]npmt Dassault
52
. HAL xn-
nxercx xpynnemnm nocranmnxom ycnyr no ocnyxnnannm, noccranonnennm
n pemonry nnncxnm noopyxenntm cnnam
53
. Ynennuenne uncna noenntx ca-
moneron n Hnnn n rpeonanne mnnnmantno xomnencannn n pasmepe 30%
moxer npnnecrn x antnememy pasnnrnm n Hnnn orpacnn no noennomy o-
cnyxnnannm, noccranonnennm n pemonry
54
.


Bmnom

Hnnx, xax n pyrne crpant co cxontmn amnnnxmn n cnryanne n o-
nacrn esonacnocrn, paccmarpnnaer pasnnrne n noepxxy nannonantno
noenno npomtmnennocrn xax cnoco samnrnrt cex, a raxxe npoennponart
cnom momt n noxasart npecrnx
55
. pyrne mnponte epxant noompxmr +ry
nepcnexrnny, npnpannnnax pernonantnoe nnnxnne x noenno momn
56
. Hontr-
xn Hnnn nepern na onee cnoxnte noennte rexnonornn oxasannct ropaso
menee ycnemntmn, uem naexnnct npannrentcrno n npomtmnennocrt, oruac-
rn ns-sa necnoconocrn nnrerpnponart nepeanaemte nnocrpannte rexnono-
rnn n nannonantnt nponsnocrnennt norennnan. B yymem Hnnx nae-
ercx pasnnrt cnom c]epy ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx, ocoenno orpacnt yc-
nyr no ocnyxnnannm, noccranonnennm n pemonry xax c nomomtm
nponnxammnx n Hnnm nnocrpanntx xomnann, rax n nyrem ynennuennx
npoax ycnyr pyrnm crpanam n pernone.


51
Features, Indian Aviation, [n.d.], <http://www.indianaviationnews.com/indian-aviation-
archievenews.asp? id=26&NID=260>.
52
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Our services, <http://www.hal-india.com/Overhaul/ ser-
vices.asp>.
53
PricewaterhouseCoopers and Confederation of Indian Industry (cnocxa 39), p. 8.
54
Moser, R., von der Gracht, H. and Gnatzy, T., The Indian Aerospace Industry 2019: An
Analysis of the Political, Technological and Economic Conditions (Supply Chain Management
Institute, EBS Business School: Wiesbaden, 2010). O nnncxnx nnanax saxynox oentx ca-
moneron cm. pasen I rnant 6 nacroxmero nsannx.
55
Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 233234.
56
Hanpnmep, CBA cxnonnt cnxstnart nnncxym noennym rexnnxy c ononnnrentno
pernonantno esonacnocrtm n Hnncxom oxeane. Cm.: US Department of Defense (DOD),
Quadrennial Defense Review Report (DOD: Washington, DC, Feb. 2010), p. 60.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 270
IV. 100 KPYHHEHBHX BOEHHO-HPOMIBHEHHIX
KOMHAHHH H KOMHAHHH, HPEOCTABHRBHX
YCHYIH BOEHHOIO HA3HAuEHH, B CHHCKE CHHPH
B 2010 r.

Ctmsan T. EKCOH*

Cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann nxnmuaer 100 xpynnemnx
noenno-npomtmnenntx xomnann n xomnann, npeocrannxmmnx ycnyrn
noennoro nasnauennx (ncxnmuax xnracxne xomnannn), panxnponanntx n co-
ornercrnnn c nx oemamn npoax opyxnx n 2010 r. Oem npoax noopyxe-
nn n noenntx ycnyr xomnannxmn ns cnncxa CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xom-
nann n 2010 r. ynennunncx o 411.1 mnp onn., r. e. nospoc na 1% n peant-
nom ntpaxennn no cpannennm c 2009 r. n na 60% c 2002 r. (cm. ran. 5.1).
Komnannn, asnpymmnecx n Coennenntx Brarax, ocrannct no rnane
cnncxa CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa 2010 r., xorx y 44 nxoxmnx n
cnncox amepnxancxnx xomnann npoaxn noopyxenn ynennunnnct nnmt na
1% n peantnom ntpaxennn (cm. ran. 5.4). Ho axe npn +rom na asnpym-
mnecx n CBA xomnannn npnxonnoct cntme 60% conoxynntx npoax noo-
pyxenn n noenntx ycnyr ncex 100 xpynnemnx xomnann, npncyrcrnonan-
mnx n cnncxe sa 2010 r. Amepnxancxne xomnannn, naxonnmnecx n xonne
cnncxa (nanpnmep, ARINC n Aerospace Corporation), noxnnynn ero, rora xax
pyrne amepnxancxne xomnannn n nero nomnn (nanpnmep, Hawker Beechcraft
n Triumph Group, nocnenxx ns-sa roro, uro n 2010 r. nornornna Vought Air-
craft Industries). uncno sananoenponecxnx xomnann n cnncxe 100 xpyn-
nemnx coxparnnoct c 33 n 2009 r. o 30 n 2010 r. oruacrn ns-sa nexoroporo
cnnxennx npoax opyxnx y nrantxncxnx Avio n Fiat (xoropte, raxnm opa-
som, oe noxnnynn cnncox 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa 2010 r.) n ns-sa nos-
npamennx n cnncox pasnntcxo xomnannn Embraer
1
.
B pesyntrare npoonxammecx xonconnannn n noenno npomtmnen-
nocrn Poccnn x uncny xpynnemnx poccncxnx nponsnonrene noopyxenn
oannnact eme ona marepnncxax xopnopannx Oennennax cyocrpon-
rentnax xopnopannx, n, xax cnecrnne, npncyrcrnne poccncxnx noenno-
npomtmnenntx xomnann n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx sa 2010 r. nospoc-

* annte no noenno npomtmnennocrn tnn npeocrannent CHHPH paoue rpynno
CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn, n cocran xoropo nxonnn: Bnncenr Fynannn (Hncrn-
ryr no nccneonannxm n onacrn omecrnenntx nayx, Hapnx), Imna Imnnmx-Cenecen
(Cramyntcxn ynnnepcnrer), Cnnnun Kono (Hccneonarentcxn nncrnryr Mnnyncn,
Toxno), Banepn Mnpana (Hncrnryr mexynapontx ornomenn, Pnm), Hepe Oprera (Hccne-
onarentcxn nenrp nm. Ho X. M. enaca, Fapcenona) n H+x uxe Ox (Kopecxn nncrnryr
ooponnoro anannsa, Ceyn).
1
Xorx uncno nrantxncxnx xomnann n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann coxpa-
rnnoct c 4 n 2009 r. o 2 n 2010 r., ynennuenne oemon npoax npoyxnnn noennoro nasna-
uennx y Finmeccanica n Fincantieri oxasanoct ocrarouno ontmnm nx roro, urot onx Hra-
nnn n omem oeme npoax noopyxennx 100 xpynnemnx xomnann nospocna.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 271
Tannna 5.4. Pernonantnme n nannonantnme onn n conoxynnmx npoaaax noopyaennn
100 xpynnenmnx noenno-npoummnennmx xounannn n xounannn, npeoc1annnmmnx ycnyrn
noennoro nasnauennn, ns cnncxa CHHPH n 2010 r. no cpannennm c 2009 r.
a

annte o npoaxax noopyxennx npnnoxrcx n mnp onn. CBA n rexymnx nenax n
no ptnountm omenntm xypcam. Hrorn moryr ne connaart ncnecrnne npannn ox-
pyrnennx.

Hpoaan
noopyaennn
(unp onn.)
Hsuenenne n oseue
npoaa noopyaennn,
20092010 rr.
(n %)
Hncno
xounannn
Pernon/c1pana
b

2010 2009
c

Houn-
nantnoe
d

Peant-
noe
e

onn n cono-
xynnmx npo-
aaax noopy-
aennn 100
xpynnenmnx
xounannn
n 2010 r. (n %)
45 Cenepnax Amepnxa 250.2 243.7 3 1 60.9
44 CBA 249.4 243.0 3 1 60.7
1 Kanaa 0.8 0.7 18 5 0.2
30 3ananan Enpona 120.4 117.6 2 3 29.3
10 Bennxopnrannx 49.7 48.4 3 0 12.1
6 upannnx 23.0 23.0 0 3 5.6
1 Tpancenponecxne
f
16.4 15.9 3 6 4.0
2 Hrannx 15.4 14.1 9 12 3.7
5 Iepmannx 7.4 8.1 8 4 1.8
2 Hcnannx 2.8 2.9 5 2 0.7
1 Bnennx 2.8 2.6 5 2 0.7
1 Hopnernx 1.5 1.1 38 29 0.4
1 Bnenapnx 0.8 0.7 14 8 0.2
1 unnnxnnx 0.7 0.7 0 4 0.2
8 Boc1ounan Enpona 14.6 9.7 51 36 3.6
8 Poccnx 14.6 9.7 51 36 3.6
11 Hpoune c1panm O3CP 16.7 15.8 6 2 4.1
5 nonnx
g
7.5 6.9 8 2 1.8
3 Hspannt 6.4 6.3 1 7 1.6
2 Rxnax Kopex 2.1 1.9 9 4 0.5
1 Typnnx 0.8 0.6 19 6 0.2
6 Hpoune c1panm, ne 9.1 8.9 3 9 2.2
nxonmne n O3CP
3 Hnnx
h
5.4 4.5 21 2 1.3
1 Kyner 1.3 2.5 47 49 0.3
1 Cnnranyp 1.8 1.5 21 10 0.4
1 Fpasnnnx 0.7 0.5 43 19 0.2
100 H1oro 411.1 395.7 4 2 100

O3CP = Oprannsannx +xonomnuecxoro corpynnuecrna n pasnnrnx.
a
Xorx nsnecrno, uro necxontxo xnracxnx npenpnxrn no nponsnocrny noopyxenn
ocrarouno nennxn nx roro, urot norn n cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann, or-
cyrcrnne conocrannmtx n ocrarouno rountx anntx ne nosnonxer nxnmuart nx n nero.
Kpome roro, n pyrnx crpanax, nanpnmep, n Kasaxcrane n Yxpanne, nosmoxno, raxxe nmemr-
cx xomnannn, ocrarouno xpynnte nx roro, urot noxnnrtcx n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpyn-
nemnx xomnann, ecnn t no nnm nmennct annte, onaxo nn]opmannx o nnx eme menee
onpeenennax.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 272
Oxonuanne npnmeuann x ran. 5.4
b
annte no crpane nnn pernony ornocxrcx x npoaxam noopyxenn xomnannxmn ns
cnncxa 100 xpynnemnx, mra-xnaprnpt xoroptx naxoxrcx n +ro crpane nnn pernone,
nxnmuax n npoaxn nx sapyexntx ]nnnanon. Onn ne orpaxamr oemt npoax noopyxe-
nn, ecrnnrentno nponsneenntx n +ro crpane nnn pernone.
c
annte o npoaxax noopyxenn sa 2009 r. ornocxrcx x xomnannxm, nxoxmnm n cnncox
CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa 2010 r., a ne sa 2009 r.
d
B +rom cronne npnnonrcx nsmenenne oemon npoax noopyxenn n 20092010 rr.,
paccunrannoe n onnapax CBA n rexymnx nenax.
e
B +rom cronne npnnonrcx nsmenenne oemon npoax noopyxenn n 20092010 rr.,
paccunrannoe n onnapax CBA n nocroxnntx nenax 2009 r.
f
Komnanne, xnaccn]nnnponanno xax rpancenponecxax, xnnxercx EADS.
g
annte no xnoncxnm xomnannxm ocnontnamrcx na cronmocrn xonrpaxron, saxnmuen-
ntx c Mnnncrepcrnom oopont nonnn.
h
annte no Hnnn nxnmuamr npnnnsnrentnym onenxy oema npoax xomnannn Ord-
nance Factories.
Hcmo:uur: rannna 5.5.

no o noctmn
2
. Hpoaxn xomnannn Bepronert Poccnn ynennunnnct na
135% oruacrn naroapx npoaxe rpancnoprntx neproneron Mi-8/17 poccn-
cxnm noopyxenntm cnnam n n A]ranncran, Asepaxan n Hpax
3
.
Bont n A]ranncrane n Hpaxe neonosnauno nonnnxnn na oemt npo-
ax opyxnx xomnann, axe c yuerom coxpamennx uncnennocrn nocx n Hpa-
xe, nauanmerocx n 2010 r. Hepexo or cncremt saxnmuennx xonrpaxron c
enncrnenntm nocranmnxom n pamxax 3- nporpamme ynennuennx marepn-
antnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn (LOGCAP III) x cncreme
saxnmuennx xonrpaxron c necxontxnmn nocranmnxamn npn peannsannn 4-
nporpammt ynennuennx marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocran-
mnxamn LOGCAP IV cnococrnonan cnnxennm npoax KBR n 2010 r. no
cpannennm c 2009 r., n ro npemx xax oxot Fluor n ITT Corporation naroa-
px xonrpaxram no LOGCAP IV nospocnn (cm. raxxe pasen II ntme). B 2010 r.
conoxynnte npoaxn KBR ynann na 2 mnp onn. (na 17%), a Fluor ynennun-
na cnon npoaxn n rocyapcrnennom cermenre na 53%
4
. Hpoaxn Navistar
ymentmnnnct na 16% ns-sa coxpamennx saxynox noenntx rpancnoprntx
cpecrn
5
. BAE Systems raxxe cronxnynact c naennem npoax cemecrna

2
Jackson, S. T., The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2009, SIPRI Yearbook
2011, p. 253.
3
Vasilyev, D., Ranking of top Russian defense companies in 2010, Moscow Defense Brief,
vol. 3, no. 25 (2011), p. 16.
4
KBR, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange
Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 (US Securities and Exchange Commis-
sion: Washington, DC, 23 Feb. 2011), p. 26; n Fluor, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13
or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010
(US Securities and Exchange Commission: Washington, DC, 23 Feb. 2011), p. 36.
5
Navistar, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Ex-
change Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2010 (US Securities and Exchange
Commission: Washington, DC, 22 Dec. 2010), p. 28.
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 273
cpennx raxrnuecxnx rpancnoprntx cpecrn Bradley
6
. Bmecre c rem npoaxn
Oshkosh n 2010 r. ynennunnnct na 87.4% npexe ncero sa cuer ntnrptma
amepnxancxoro xonrpaxra na nsroronnenne M-ATV rpancnoprnoro cpecrna,
ycrounnoro x nsptnam mnn n nanaennxm ns saca
7
.
Hpoaxn noopyxenn nexoroptx xomnann n 2010 r. ynennunnnct cy-
mecrnenno. Hpnpocr npoax Kongsberg na 37% tn oycnonnen, n uacrno-
crn, xpynntmn saxasamn, nocrynnnmnmn ns unnnxnnn, Hopnernn, Hontmn
n CBA
8
. Oem npoax Hawker Beechcraft nospoc na 29.3% n pesyntrare
ynennuennx npoax yueno-rpennponountx camoneron n mrypmonnxon
9
. Poc-
ry npoax Lockheed Martin na 2.3 mnp onn. cnococrnonan xonrpaxr na
nponsnocrno F-35 (xomnnnponanntx omapnponmnxon-mrypmonnxon), a
raxxe nocranxn n ocnyxnnanne no nporpamme rpancnoprntx camoneron C-
130 Hercules, ocnyxnnanne oentx camoneron F-16 n pacmnpennx ee ex-
rentnocrn no noepxannm roronnocrn n cranntnocrn
10
. Pocr oema
npoax na 1.1 mnp onn. Northrop Grumman nponsomen naroapx ynennue-
nnm npoax ncex nopasenenn xomnannn
11
.
Hornomennx npoonxamr cnococrnonart ontmomy ynennuennm npo-
ax noopyxennx n noenntx ycnyr. Hewlett-Packard, npnoperx n 2008 r. ]np-
my EDS, ynennunna cnon noennte npoaxn n 2010 r. na 62.7% naroapx e-
crnymmnm xonrpaxram, xoropte nepemnn x ne nmecre c nornomenno xom-
nanne
12
. Hornomenne VT Group n 2010 r. crano xnmuentm ]axropom
npnpocra npoax Babcock na 37.8% n 2010 r.
13
ManTech acconnnponana yne-
nnuenne cnoero oema npoax na 28.9% (2.6 mnp onn.) no cpannennm c
2009 r. c xonrpaxramn, xoropte nepemnn x xomnannn n pesyntrare nornome-
nnx Sensor Technologies Incorporated n xnnape 2010 r.
14
Hornomenne ]npmo
AgustaWestland PZL-Swidnik xnnxnoct onnm ns ]axropon npnpocra npoax
Finmeccanica na 1.1 mnp onn.
Cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann sa 2010 r. npecrannen n
ran. 5.5. Ha xomnannn, nxoxmne n cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx, npnxo-
nrcx ocnonnax uacrt mnpono enexno cronmocrn npoax ronapon n ycnyr

6
BAE Systems, Annual Report 2010: Total Performance Across Our Markets (BAE Systems:
London, [2011]), p. 66.
7
Oshkosh, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Ex-
change Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2010 (US Securities and Exchange
Commission: Washington, DC, 18 Nov. 2010), p. 32.
8
Kongsberg, 2010 Annual Report (KonsbergGruppen: Kongsberg, 2011), p. 8.
9
Hawker Beechcraft, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
and Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 (US Securities and Ex-
change Commission: Washington, DC, 25 Feb. 2010), p. 27.
10
Lockheed Martin, 2010 Annual Report (Lockheed Martin: Bethesda, MA, 2011), p. 5.
11
Northrop Grumman, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
and Exchange Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 (US Securities and Ex-
change Commission: Washington, DC, 9 Feb. 2010), pp. 44, 47, 48.
12
Hewlett-Packard, 2010 HP Annual Report (Hewlett-Packard: Palo Alto, CA, 2011), p. 48.
13
Babcock International, Trusted to Deliver: Annual Reports and Accounts 2011 (Babcock In-
ternational: London, [2011]), p. 3.
14
ManTech, Form 10-K Annual Report under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Ex-
change Act of 1934 for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 (US Securities and Exchange
Commission: Washington, DC, 25 Feb. 2011), p. 35.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 274
noennoro nasnauennx, n uacrnocrn, ntcoxorexnonornuntx cncrem n ycnyr. Ho
npnunne orcyrcrnnx conocrannmtx ]nnancontx anntx cnncox CHHPH 100
xpynnemnx xomnann oxnartnaer ne nce nponsnoxmne noopyxennx crpa-
nt. Onaxo, sa neontmnmn ncxnmuennxmn, oem nponsnocrna noopyxennx
n nponymenntx crpanax, no omemy mnennm, ornocnrentno nenennx. Hpn
nannunn yonnernopnrentntx anntx n cnncox 100 (n, nosmoxno, axe 50)
xpynnemnx xomnann nourn nanepnxxa nomnn t xnracxne xomnannn. 3a
ncxnmuennem nponymennoro Knrax, ananns xomnann, nxnmuenntx n cnncox
100 xpynnemnx, nnonne ocrarouen nx ntxnnennx ocnonntx renennn n
mnpono noenno npomtmnennocrn.


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5
Tannna 5.5. 100 xpynnenmnx n unpe noenno-npoummnennmx xounannn n xounannn, npeoc1annnmmnx ycnyrn noennoro
nasnauennn (ncxnmuan xn1ancxne), ns cnncxa CHHPH n 2010 r.
a

annte no oemy noenntx npoax, conoxynntx npoax n npntnn npnneent n mnn onn. CBA. Touxn (. .) osnauamr, uro annte orcyrcrnymr.
Coxpamennx n nasnannn cexropon pacmn]pontnamrcx nnxe.
Mec1o
b

Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn
2010 2009
Kounannn
c
C1pana Cex1op
2010 2009
Omnn
oseu
npoaa,
2010 r.
Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn n %
o1 omnx npo-
aa, 2010 r.
Conoxyn-
nan npn-
mnt,
2010 r.
Oman uncnen-
noc1t sann1mx,
2010 r.
1 1 Lockheed Martin CBA Ac El Mi Sp 35730 33430 45803 78 2926 132000
2 2 BAE Systems Bennxo- Ac A El Mi MV 32880 32540 34609 95 1671 98200
pnrannx SA/A Sh
3 3 Boeing CBA Ac El Mi Sp 31360 32300 64306 49 3307 160500
4 4 Northrop Grumman CBA Ac El Mi Sh Sp 28150 27000 34757 81 2053 117100
5 5 General Dynamics CBA A El MV SA/A Sh 23940 23380 32466 74 2624 90000
6 6 Raytheon CBA El Mi 22980 23080 25183 91 1879 72400
S S BAE Systems Inc. (BAE CBA A El MV SA/A 17900 19280 17903 100 1966 46900
Systems, Bennxopnrannx)
7 7 EADS Tpancen- Ac El Mi Sp 16360 15930 60599 27 732 121690
ponecxax
8 8 Finmeccanica Hrannx Ac A El Mi MV SA/A 14410 13280 24762 58 738 75200
9 9 L-3 Communications CBA El Ser 13070 13010 15680 83 955 63000
10 10 United Technologies CBA Ac El Eng 11410 11110 54326 21 4711 208220
11 11 Thales upannnx A El Mi MV SA/A Sh 9950 10200 17384 57 60 63730
12 12 SAIC CBA Ser Comp (MV) 8230 8030 11117 74 618 43400
13 27 Oshkosh Truck CBA MV 7080 2770 9842 72 790 12400
14 13 Computer Sciences Corp. CBA Ser 5940 6050 16042 37 759 91000
15 14 Honeywell CBA El 5400 5380 33370 16 2022 130000
16 16 Safran France El 4800 4740 14252 34 673 54260
S S Sikorsky (United CBA Ac 4530 3980 6684 68 . . 18000
Technologies)
17 19 Rolls-Royce Bennxo- Eng 4330 4260 16794 26 839 38900
pnrannx
18 18 General Electric CBA Eng 4300 4700 150211 3 11644 287000


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E

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C
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O

B

H

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O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 5. 5
Mec1o
b

Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn
2010 2009
Kounannn
c
C1pana Cex1op
2010 2009
Omnn
oseu
npoaa,
2010 r.
Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn n %
o1 omnx npo-
aa, 2010 r.
Conoxyn-
nan npn-
mnt,
2010 r.
Oman uncnen-
noc1t sann1mx,
2010 r.
S S Pratt & Whitney (United CBA Eng 4080 3940 12935 32 . . 35000
Technologies)
19 17 ITT Corp. CBA El 4000 4730 10995 36 654 40000
20 22 Anmas-Anre
d
Poccnx Mi 3950 3260 4436 89 24 88700
S S MBDA (BAE Systems, Tpancen- Mi 3710 3610 3709 100 219 10010
Bennxopnrannx /EADS, ponecxax
rpancenponecxax/
Finmeccanica, Hrannx)
21 28 Oennennax annacrpo- Poccnx Ac 3440 2710 4222 82 639 95900
nrentnax xopnopannx
d

22 21 DCNS upannnx Sh 3320 3340 3315 100 181 12500
23 15 KBR
e
CBA Ser 3310 4990 10099 33 327 35000
24 26 URS Corp. CBA El 3030 2770 9177 33 288 47000
25 24 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
f
nonnx Ac Mi MV Sh 2960 2810 33080 9 343 68820
S S Eurocopter Group (EADS, upannnx Ac 2940 3050 6397 46 . . 16760
rpancenponecxax)
S S AgustaWestland Hrannx Ac 2920 2800 4827 61 273 13570
(Finmeccanica)
26 23 Alliant Techsystems CBA SA/A 2870 2810 4842 59 313 15000
27 33 Rockwell Collins CBA El 2860 2580 4665 61 561 20000
28 31 Saab Bnennx Ac El Mi 2780 2640 3390 82 63 12540
29 42 Babcock International Group Bennxo- Ser Sh Oth 2770 2010 4475 62 162 27340
pnrannx
30 34 Textron CBA Ac El Eng MV 2740 2570 10525 26 86 32000
31 32 Rheinmetall Iepmannx A El MV SA/A 2660 2640 5283 50 230 19980
32 51 Hewlett-Packard CBA Ser 2570 1580 126033 2 8761 324600
33 47 ManTech International Corp. CBA Ser 2490 1920 2604 96 125 10100
34 38 Hindustan Aeronautics Hnnx Ac Mi 2480 2130 2756 90 . . . .
35 29 Elbit Systems Hspannt El 2480 2700 2607 95 183 12320

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2
7
7
S S EADS Astrium (EADS, upannnx Sp 2450 2400 6626 37 . . 15340
rpancenponecxax
36 25 Navistar CBA MV 2410 2800 12145 20 223 18700
37 41 Israel Aerospace Industries Hspannt Ac El Mi 2400 2030 3150 76 94 16000
38 30 DynCorp International CBA Ser 2390 2650 3387 71 9 23000
(Cerberus Capital)
g

39 40 CACI International CBA Ser 2320 2080 3149 74 107 13100
40 36 Cobham Bennxo- Comp (Ac El) 2260 2260 2941 77 298 11640
pnrannx
41 44 Goodrich CBA Comp (Ac) 2230 2010 6967 11 579 16300
42 37 CEA upannnx Oth 2200 2160 5485 40 90 15850
S S MBDA France (MBDA, - upannnx Mi 2190 1740 2187 100 219 4300
rpancenponecxax)
43 48 Harris CBA El 2130 1900 5206 41 562 15800
44 39 Serco Bennxo- Ser 2130 2110 6688 32 243 70000
pnrannx
45 45 Navantia Hcnannx Sh 2010 1980 2102 96 61 5230
46 55 Indian Ordnance Factories
h
Hnnx A SA/A 1960 1440 2451 80 . . . .
S S AleniaAeronautica Hrannx Ac 1920 1810 2861 67 58 10050
(Finmeccanica)
47 73 Bepronert Poccnn Poccnx Ac 1910 810 2677 71 204 38490
(OHK Ooponnpom)
d

48 20 AM General
i
CBA MV 1900 3720 . . . . . . 2500
49 53 ST Engineering (Temasek) Cnnranyp Ac El MV SA/A Sh 1750 1450 4384 40 360 6570
50 49 QinetiQ Bennxo- Ser 1730 1770 2512 69 98 13080
pnrannx
51 Oennennax cyocrpo- Poccnx Sh 1650 . . 2359 70 . . 71280
nrentnax xopnopannx
d

52 50 Krauss-MaffeiWegmann
j
Iepmannx MV 1590 1630 1693 94 391 . .
53 62 Kongsberg Gruppen Hopnernx El Mi SA/A 1500 1090 2564 58 248 5680
54 53 Rafael Hspannt Ac Mi SA/A Oth 1470 1570 1500 98 . . 6500
55 57 Nexter upannnx A MV SA/A 1430 1230 1425 100 217 2700
S S BAE Systems Australia Ancrpannx Ac Sh 1380 1090 1376 100 . . 6500
(BAE Systems, Bennxopnrannx)
S S Cyxo (Oennennax Poccnx Ac 1360 1440 1466 93 53 26900
annacrponrentnax xopnopannx)
d



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8





























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B
,

2
0
1
1

Hpoonxenne rannnt 5. 5
Mec1o
b

Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn
2010 2009
Kounannn
c
C1pana Cex1op
2010 2009
Omnn
oseu
npoaa,
2010 r.
Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn n %
o1 omnx npo-
aa, 2010 r.
Conoxyn-
nan npn-
mnt,
2010 r.
Oman uncnen-
noc1t sann1mx,
2010 r.
56 44 ThyssenKrupp Germany Sh 1340 1980 56452 2 1228 177350
S S Kopnopannx Hpxyr Poccnx Ac 1330 1060 1548 86 56 14030
(Oennennax annacrpo-
nrentnax xopnopannx)
d

57 IHI Group
f
nonnx Eng Sh 1330 280 13526 10 339 26040
58 36 Agility Kyner Ser 1310 2480 5596 23 87 22000
59 89 Fluor
k
CBA Ser 1300 710 20849 6 358 39230
60 59 Samsung Rxnax A El Eng MV Sh 1290 1170 133756 1 13967 344000
Kopex
61 55 GroupeDassault upannnx Ac 1270 1360 5546 23 523 11490
62 91 Oennennax moropocrpo- Poccnx Eng 1250 680 2805 44 92 69580
nrentnax xopnopannx
d

S Cenmam (Oennennax Poccnx Sh 1240 530 1381 90 23 . .
cyocrponrentnax xopnopannx)
d

63 64 Diehl Iepmannx Mi SA/A 1210 1070 3609 34 29 13570
64 46 Mitsubishi Electric
f
nonnx El Mi 1160 1950 41528 3 1419 114440
65 Triumph Group CBA Ac Comp (Oth) Ser 1080 480 2905 37 150 12100
S S Thales Nederland (Thales, Hnepnant El 1060 880 1062 100 52 . .
upannnx)
66 60 GKN Bennxo- Comp (Ac) 1050 1110 8391 13 502 39900
pnrannx
S S Samsung Techwin (Samsung) Rxnax A El Eng MV 1030 930 2249 46 . . . .
Kopex
67 69 Jacobs Engineering Group
l
CBA Ser 1020 880 9915 10 246 38500
68 59 Kawasaki Heavy Industries
f
nonnx Ac Eng Mi Sh 1020 1110 13978 7 296 32710
69 68 Kopnopannx TPB
d
Poccnx Mi 1010 910 1120 90 62 . .
70 77 NEC
f
nonnx El 980 770 35491 3 143 115840
71 67 Bharat Electronics Hnnx El 970 920 1214 80 . . 11100
72 66 Moog CBA Comp (El Mi) 960 920 2114 46 108 10120

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2
7
9
73 71 Fincantieri Hrannx Sh 940 860 3809 25 164 10210
S S IHI Marine United nonnx Sh 890 . . 2163 41 15 . .
(IHI Group)
f

74 80 Chemring Group Bennxo- SA/A 890 750 923 96 103 4280
pnrannx
75 74 Ultra Electronics Bennxo- El 880 810 1097 80 102 4150
pnrannx
76 87 CAE Kanaa El 840 710 1582 53 165 7500
77 84 RUAG Bnenapnx Ac A Eng SA/A 830 730 1722 48 88 7720
S S Selex Galileo (Finmeccanica) Hrannx El 820 770 899 91 45 2690
78 61 Shaw Group
m
CBA Ser 810 1100 7001 12 93 27000
79 81 LIG Nex1 Rxnax El 810 750 822 99 35 . .
Kopex
80 70 Precision Castparts Corp. CBA Comp (Ac) 810 880 6220 13 1015 18300
81 86 Cubic Corp. CBA Comp (El) Ser 810 710 1194 68 71 6100
82 75 Meggitt Bennxo- Comp (Ac El) Oth 780 810 1796 44 215 7370
pnrannx
83 Hawker Beechcraft CBA Ac 780 600 2805 28 304 6800
84 65 Indra Hcnannx El 780 940 3387 23 249 28610
85 79 Curtiss-Wright Corp. CBA Comp (Ac Sh) 780 760 1893 41 107 7600
86 83 Alion Science and CBA Ser 770 740 834 93 15 3100
Technology
87 95 Aselsan Typnnx El 760 640 792 97 160 4010
S S Selex Communications Hrannx Comp (El Oth) 750 810 943 80 30 4140
(Finmeccanica)
88 90 Mitre
n
CBA Ser 740 700 1310 57 . . 7540
89 76 Ypannaronsano
d
Poccnx MV 730 800 1814 40 188 27930
90 78 SRA International CBA El 700 760 1667 42 18 7100
91 98 Esterline Technologies CBA Comp (A Ac SA/A Sh) 690 640 1527 45 142 8980
92 MMHH Canmr
d
Poccnx Comp (Ac) 690 490 721 95 . . . .
S S Thales Australia (Thales, Ancrpannx A El Mi MV SA/A Sh 680 630 681 100 . . 3300
upannnx)
93 72 VSE Corp. CBA Ser 680 840 866 78 24 2900
94 Embraer Fpasnnnx Ac 670 470 5364 12 346 17150
95 85 Teledyne Technologies CBA El 670 720 1644 41 121 9200
96 93 Patria unnnxnnx Ac MV SA/A 660 660 747 88 5 3400


2
8
0





























B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Oxonuanne rannnt 5. 5
Mec1o
b

Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn
2010 2009
Kounannn
c
C1pana Cex1op
2010 2009
Omnn
oseu
npoaa,
2010 r.
Hpoaan noo-
pyaennn n %
o1 omnx npo-
aa, 2010 r.
Conoxyn-
nan npn-
mnt,
2010 r.
Oman uncnen-
noc1t sann1mx,
2010 r.
97 64 Force Protection CBA MV 660 980 656 100 15 1280
98 99 AAR Corp. CBA Ser 650 610 1352 48 45 5800
99 100 GenCorp CBA El Eng 650 610 838 77 7 3140
S S MBDA Italia (MBDA, Hrannx Mi 640 610 644 100 7 1260
rpancenponecxax)
100 82 MTU Aero Engines Iepmannx Eng 640 740 3586 18 188 7670
S S Raytheon Australia Ancrpannx Comp (Ac) Ser 640 490 641 100 . . 1350
(Raytheon, CBA)
A = aprnnnepnx; Ac = annannonnax rexnnxa; El = +nexrponnxa; Eng = nnrarenn; Mi = paxernax rexnnxa; MV = oente mamnnt; SA/A
= crpenxonoe opyxne/oenpnnact; Ser = ycnyrn; Sh = xopann n cya; Sp = xocmnuecxax rexnnxa; Oth = npouee; Comp ( ) = xomnonenrt,
ycnyrn n npoune uacrn rorontx nsenn cexropon, yxasanntx n xpyrntx cxoxax. 3ro oosnauenne ncnontsyercx rontxo nx xomnann,
xoropte ne nponsnoxr xoneunym npoyxnnm (cncremt noopyxenn).
a
Xorx necxontxo xnracxnx npenpnxrn, nponsnoxmnx noopyxennx, ocrarouno nennxn nx roro, urot nperenonart na mecro n cnn-
cxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann, orcyrcrnne conocrannmtx n ocrarouno rountx anntx ne nosnonxer nxnmunrt nx n nero. Kpome ro-
ro, n pyrnx crpanax, nanpnmep n Kasaxcrane n Yxpanne, nosmoxno, raxxe nmemrcx xomnannn, ocrarouno xpynnte nx roro, urot noxnnrtcx
n cnncxe CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann, ecnn t no nnm nmennct annte, onaxo nn]opmannx o nnx eme menee onpeenennax.
b
Mecro xomnann onpeeneno n coornercrnnn co cronmocrtm nx npoax noopyxenn n 2010 r. Fyxna S osnauaer, uro xomnannx xnnx-
ercx ]nnnanom. 3nax () yxastnaer, uro xomnannx n 2009 r. n cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx xomnann ne nxonna. Hasnannx xomnann n
nx crpyxrypntx nopasenenn nepeuncnent no cocroxnnm na 31 exapx 2010 r. Hn]opmannm o nocneymmnx nsmenennxx cm. n npnme-
uannxx. Mecra xomnann n 2009 r. moryr ornnuartcx or mecr, yxasanntx n Exeronnxe CHHPH 2011, ncnecrnne nocroxnnoro nepecmorpa
anntx, nanonee uacro nponcxoxmero no npnunne nonyuennx or camnx xomnann coomenn o nsmenennxx n, nnora, nontmennx na-
exnocrn onenox. Ocnonnte nsmenennx oxcnxmrcx n npnmeuannxx.
c
nx ouepnnx n onepannonntx xomnann, npnnanexamnx xonnnrono nnn nnnecrnnnonno xomnannn, n xpyrntx cxoxax yxast-
namrcx nasnanne n crpana marepnncxo xomnannn, ecnn onn nnte.
d
Yxe enxrt ro poccncxne xomnannn nxnmuamrcx n cnncox CHHPH 100 xpynnemnx noenno-npomtmnenntx xomnann. B +rom
cnncxe mornn t oxasartcx n pyrne xomnannn, onaxo nmemmecx nn]opmannn o nnx nx nxnmuennx n cnncox neocrarouno. annte no
poccncxnm xomnannxm nonyuent ns Henrpa anannsa crparern n rexnonorn (Mocxna).

H
P
O
H
3
B
O

C
T
B
O

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
H




































2
8
1
Komnannx Bepronert Poccnn c 2005 r. ]ynxnnonnpyer n xauecrne ]nnnana OHK Ooponnpom. Onaxo, nocxontxy conocrannmte
]nnanconte annte no Ooponnpomy sa 2010 r. n nacroxmee npemx orcyrcrnymr, Bepronert Poccnn oosnauena n cnncxe 100 xpyn-
nemnx xomnann xax marepnncxax xomnannx. B +rom roy nnepnte Oennennax cyocrponrentnax xopnopannx (OCK) nont xpynnt
poccncxn rocyapcrnennt xonrnomepar, opasonannt n 2010 r., coomnna annte no marepnncxo xomnannn n ]nnnanam. B npet-
ymne rot +rn annte coomannct nno no xaxomy ]nnnany n orentnocrn, nno ne coomannct nonce. B +rom roy annte no Cen-
mamy npecrannent xax annte no ]nnnany OCK. Hoponee o xonconnannn poccncxo noenno-npomtmnenno orpacnn cm.: Jackson,
S. T., The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2009, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, p. 253; Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI Yearbook
2010, p. 263; n Perlo-Freeman, S. et al., The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2007, SIPRI Yearbook 2009, pp. 286287.
e
annte no oemam noenntx npoax xomnannn KBR xnnxmrcx onenxamn, ocnonanntmn na nnarexax Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA
no xonrpaxram n pamxax 3- n 4- nporpamm ynennuennx marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn (LOGCAP III n
LOGCAP IV) n nnarexax Mnnncrepcrna oopont Bennxopnrannn.
f
Hoxasarenn npoax noopyxenn xnoncxnmn xomnannxmn xapaxrepnsymr oem cronmocrn nontx noenntx xonrpaxron, a ne npoax
noenno npoyxnnn.
g
Veritas Capital, nnaenmax axnnxmn DynCorp, n 2010 r. npoana nx xomnannn Cerberus Capital Management. annte o npoaxax noo-
pyxenn DynCorp xnnxmrcx onenxo, ocnonanno na opnenrnponountx oxoax, o xoroptx coomaercx n ]nnancono oruernocrn Delta
Tucker Holdings (rexnnuecxo marepnncxo xomnannn Cerberus Capital, nororannnnamme oruernocrt nx DynCorp) sa 9 mecxnen c momen-
ra npnoperennx xomnannn o 31 exapx 2010 r.
h
Bce annte no Indian Ordnance Factories xnnxmrcx onenxamn.
i
Ho AM General nmeercx nnmt orpannuennax ]nnanconax nn]opmannx. Onenxa npoax noopyxenn +ro xomnannn, cenannax
CHHPH, ocnontnaercx na cpene sa na roa cronmocrn nonyuenntx em or Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA xonrpaxron rononnoro nopxa.
j
annte o npoaxax noopyxenn xomnannn Krauss-MaffeiWegmann paccunrant c yuerom roro, uro cronmocrt ee nenoenntx npoax,
cornacno onenxe, nenennxa.
k
annte no oemam noenntx npoax xomnannn Fluor asnpymrcx na cronmocrn xonrpaxron Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA, saxnm-
uenntx n pamxax 4- nporpammt ynennuennx marepnantnoro oecneuennx rpaxancxnmn nocranmnxamn (LOGCAP IV).
l
annte o npoaxax noopyxenn xomnannn Jacobs Engineering Group ocnontnamrcx na cpene sa rpn roa cronmocrn nonyuenntx
em or Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA xonrpaxron rononnoro nopxa.
m
annte no Shaw Group ocnontnamrcx na cpene sa na roa cronmocrn nonyuenntx em or Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA xonrpax-
ron rononnoro nopxa.
n
annte o npoaxax noopyxenn xomnannn MITRE ocnontnamrcx na cpene sa nxrt ner cronmocrn nonyuenntx em or Mnnncrepcr-
na oopont CBA xonrpaxron rononnoro nopxa.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 282
Hc1ounnxn n ue1om

Kpumepuu omoopa u ucmo:uuru oauuix

Fasa anntx CHHPH no noenno npomtmnennocrn nxnmuaer rocyap-
crnennte n uacrnte xomnannn, no ne yunrtnaer nopasenennx noopyxen-
ntx cnn, sannmammnecx nponsnocrnom nnn marepnantno-rexnnuecxnm
oecneuennem. B cnncox nxoxr rontxo xomnannn, ocymecrnnxmmne npons-
nocrno ronapon n ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx, r. e. ne xnnxmmnecx xonnn-
rontmn nnn nnnecrnnnonntmn.
Hcrounnxamn anntx o xomnannxx cnyxar roonte oruert xomnann n
cart Hnrepnera, enonax nn]opmannx, nynnxyemax n coornercrnymmnx
pasenax raser, noenntx xypnanax n na carax Hnrepnera, cnennannsnpym-
mnxcx na noenno nponemarnxe. Hcnontsymrcx raxxe npecc-pennst, mapxe-
rnnronte oruert, npannrentcrnennte nynnxannn o saxasax rononntm no-
pxunxam n crpanonte osopt. Orxptrax nn]opmannx o npoaxax noopyxe-
nn n pyrne cneennx o ]nnancono exrentnocrn n sanxrocrn n mnpono
noenno npomtmnennocrn orpannuent. Honnora anntx n reorpa]nuecxn
oxnar n snaunrentno crenenn onpeenxmrcx ocrynnocrtm nn]opmannn.
annte CHHPH no noenno-npomtmnenntm xomnannxm n xomnannxm,
npeocrannxmmnm ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx, nocroxnno nepecmarpnna-
mrcx no mepe noxnnennx onee rountx anntx. Ho +ro npnunne npnneen-
nte n pasntx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH annte ne xnnxmrcx nonnocrtm
conocrannmtmn. Kpome roro, moxer nsmennrtcx n cam nepeuent xomnann
ns-sa nosnnxmnx nponem c nonyuennem anntx, neoxonmtx nx yonne-
rnopnrentntx onenox no ncem xomnannxm sa xaxt ro.

Onpeoe.euu

CHHPH onpeenxer npoaxn noopyxenn n ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx
(npoaxn noopyxenn) xax npoaxn noenntx ronapon n ycnyr noenntm
norpenrenxm, nxnmuax npoaxn xax na nnyrpennem, rax n na nnemnem ptn-
xax. Ho noenntmn ronapamn n ycnyramn nonnmamrcx re, xoropte npena-
snauent nx xonxperntx noenntx nene, a raxxe conpxxennte c nnmn rex-
nonornn. Boenntm ronapom xnnxercx ocoax noennax rexnnxa, no+romy x xa-
reropnn noennte ronapt ne ornocxrcx raxne ronapt omero nasnauennx,
xax ne]rt, +nexrpo+neprnx, o]ncnte xomntmrept, omynnponanne n oynt.
Boennte ycnyrn raxxe nmemr noennym cnenn]nxy. Onn nxnmuamr rexnnue-
cxne ycnyrn, nanpnmep, nn]opmannonnte rexnonornn, rexnnuecxoe ocny-
xnnanne, pemonr n xannrantnt pemonr n noncenennoe ocnyxnnanne; yc-
nyrn, cnxsannte c exrentnocrtm noopyxenntx cnn, nanpnmep, c pasnexo,
oyuennem, marepnantntm oecneuennem n ynpannennem nennxnmocrtm;
noopyxennym oxpany n sonax xon]nnxra. B nx uncno ne nxoxr uncro rpax-
ancxne ycnyrn, npeocrannxemte n ycnonnxx mnpnoro npemenn, nanpnmep,
mennnncxoe crpaxonanne, yopxa, cnaxenne npoonontcrnnem n nepenosxn,
onaxo cnaxenne oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx nocx nxnmuaercx.
Onpeenenne CHHPH npoax noopyxenn cnyxnr opnenrnpom; na
npaxrnxe ero npnmennrt rpyno. Onaxo xaxax-nno nnax antrepnarnna emy
HPOH3BOCTBO BOOPVEHHH 283
orcyrcrnyer, nocxontxy ner omenpnnxroro cranaprnoro onpeenennx. B
nexoroptx cnyuaxx annte o noenntx npoaxax orpaxamr rontxo ro, uro
xaxax ns xomnann cunraer noenno one cnonx conoxynntx npoax. B
pyrnx cnyuaxx CHHPH ncnontsyer noxasarent conoxynntx npoax ncero
orenennx xomnannn, ntnycxammero npoyxnnm noennoro nasnauennx, xorx
ono moxer ocymecrnnxrt n nexoropte nexonxpernsnponannte npoaxn npo-
yxnnn rpaxancxoro nasnauennx.
Kora xomnannx ne coomaer annte o npoaxax orenennx nnn ]nnna-
na, ntnycxammero npoyxnnm noennoro nasnauennx, npoaxn noopyxenn
nnora onennnamrcx CHHPH. Taxne onenxn ocnonant na nn]opmannn o sa-
xnmuenntx xonrpaxrax, rexymnx nporpammax xomnannn no nponsnocrny
noopyxenn n npeocrannennm ycnyr noennoro nasnauennx n cneenn, ny-
nnxyemtx onxnocrntmn nnnamn xomnannn n cpecrnax maccono nn]opma-
nnn nnn pyrnx oruerax. Ho ncem +rnm npnunnam conocrannmocrt noxasare-
ne o npoaxax noopyxenn xomnannxmn n ran. 5.5 orpannuena.
annte o conoxynntx npoaxax, npntnn n uncnennocrn sanxrtx or-
nocxrcx x xomnannn n nenom, a ne x ee nopasenennxm, ntnycxammnm npo-
yxnnm n npeocrannxmmnm ycnyrn noennoro nasnauennx. Bce annte or-
paxamr conoxynnte npoaxn, nxnmuax npoaxn nannonantntx n sapyex-
ntx ]nnnanon. annte o npntnn npnneent nocne ynnart nanoron.
uncnennocrt sanxrtx noxasana no cocroxnnm na xonen roa, sa ncxnmuennem
xomnann, nynnxymmnx rontxo cpeneroonte annte. Bce annte, npnno-
nmte sa ]nnancont ro, ocnonant na nn]opmannn, coepxamecx n roo-
ntx oruerax xomnann.

Pac:emi

Bce cronmocrnte annte conpamrcx n mecrno nanmre n n rexymnx
nenax. Hepecuer mecrntx nanmr n onnapt CBA nponsnonrcx CHHPH c
nomomtm cpeneroontx ptnountx omenntx xypcon Mexynaponoro na-
nmrnoro ]ona (MBu), yxasanntx n cnpanounnxe Mexynaponax ]nnan-
conax crarncrnxa (International Financial Statistics). annte n ran. 5.5 npn-
neent n onnapax CBA n rexymnx nenax. Hsmenennx +rnx anntx no roam
rpyno nnrepnpernponart, nocxontxy nsmenenne cronmocrn n onnaponom
ntpaxennn cxnatnaercx ns necxontxnx xomnonenron: nsmenennx oema
npoax noopyxenn n noenntx ycnyr; remnon nn]nxnnn n, nx npoax c
pacueramn n mecrno nanmre, xoneann omennoro xypca. Pacuert no npo-
axam noopyxenn na mexynaponom ptnxe uacro nponsnoxrcx n onna-
pax. B +rnx cnyuaxx xoneannx omenntx xypcon ne nnnxmr na cronmocrt n
onnaponom ntpaxennn, no saro nosecrnymr na cronmocrt n mecrno na-
nmre. Pacuert n onnapax n nocroxnntx nenax rpyno nnrepnpernponart no
rem xe npnunnam. He snax ornocnrentntx one npoax noopyxenn n no-
enntx ycnyr na nnyrpennem ptnxe n +xcnoprntx npoax, nenosmoxno nc-
ronxonart rount cmtcn anntx o npoaxax noopyxenn. Ho+romy +rn an-
ntmn cneyer nontsonartcx c ocropoxnocrtm. 3ro ocoenno xapaxrepno nx
crpan c cnntno xonenmmnmncx omenntmn xypcamn.
6. MEYHAPOHAR TOPIOBAR OPYHEM


KPATKHH OF3OP

Ooe+ +e+oyuapoouo mopeoe.u ocuoeui+u euoa+u ooi:uix eoopy-
+euu c 20022006 no 20072011 ee. yee.u:u.c ua 24%. B 20072011 ee. ua
nmi rpynueuux nocmaeuuroe CLA, Poccum, Iep+auum, 4pauum u Be-
.uroopumauum npuxoou.oci mpu :emeepmu ooe+a orcnopma. Cpeou opyeux
nocmaeuuroe e nepuoo 20072011 ee. norasa.u cyuecmeeuuie yee.u:euu
ooe+a nocmaeor Kuma u Hcnauu. B mo epe+ rar orcnopm Kuma, eepo-
muo, npooo.+um pacmu, ucnaucru nopmqe.i sarasoe ua cmpoume.icmeo
ropao.e, ua romopie npuxooumc oo.iua :acmi ee orcnopma, eoeopum o
mo+, :mo cmpaua ue c+o+em coxpauumi ceo ooe+ orcnopma (c+. pasoe. I
omo e.aei).
Hepei eoo Apaocro eecui eisea. oeoami omuocume.iuo no.umuru
rpynuix nocmaeuuroe eoopy+euu e oo.acmu orcnopma e eocyoapcmea ua
B.u+ue+ u Cpeoue+ Bocmore u e Ceeepuo Aqpure (c+. pasoe. II). Poccu-
crue oo.+uocmuie .ua ue euoe.u uurarux npu:uu o. npuocmauoeru no-
cmaeor raro+y-.uoo eocyoapcmey e omo+ peeuoue, ec.u e omuoueuuu ueeo ue
oi.o eeeoeuo o+oapeo OOH ua nocmaeru opy+u. Hanpomue, CLA u ue-
cro.iro rpynuix eeponecrux nocmaeuuroe e omom peeuou auuy.upoea.u u.u
npuocmauoeu.u ueromopie .ueusuu ua orcnopm e peeuou u e omoe.iuix c.y-
:ax nepec+ompe.u ceom no.umury e oo.acmu orcnopma opy+u. Oouaro
cmpameeu:ecrue u orouo+u:ecrue cooopa+euu npooo.+a.u uepami eu-
mpa.iuym po.i e npuumuu ece+u eocyoapcmea+u peueuu omuocume.iuo
orcnopma opy+u e peeuou. Taru+ oopaso+, e.uuue Apaocro eecui ua
no.umury e oo.acmu orcnopma opy+u, eepomuo, oyoem oepauu:euui+.
Iocyoapcmea e Asuu u Oreauuu no.y:u.u no:mu no.oeuuy eceeo u+nopma
ocuoeuix euooe ooi:uix eoopy+euu e 20072011 ee. Bo.ee moeo, ece nmi
rpynueuux no.y:ame.e ocuoeuix euooe ooi:uix eoopy+euu pacno.aea-
.uci e Asuu u Oreauuu: Huou, P+ua Kope, Harucmau, Kuma u Cuuea-
nyp. Kpynuie u+nopmepi ucno.isymm e ceoux uumepecax rourypeuum ua
piure opy+u, oooueaci o. ceo npue.erame.iuix, c mo:ru speuu yc.oeu
quuaucupoeauu, coe.aueuu o ro+neucaux u nepeoa:u mexuo.oeu coe.or
(c+. pasoe. I). Huou, ua romopym e 20072011ee. npuxoou.oci 10% eceeo u+-
nopma, eepomuo, e o.u+auue eooi ocmauemc rpynueuu+ no.y:ame.e+
ocuoeuix euooe ooi:uix eoopy+euu.
C 20022006 no 20072011 ee. ooe+ nocmaeor opy+u e Peo-
Bocmo:uym Asum yee.u:u.c e 3 pasa. Ha eoeuuo-+opcrym mexuury u ca+o-
.emi +opcro aeuauu npuu.aci cyuecmeeuua oo. nocmaeor u eue ue ei-
no.ueuuix sarasoe e Bpyue-apycca.a+, Huoouesum, Ma.asum, 4u.unnu-
ui, Cuueanyp u Biemua+. Onpeoe.muu+u qarmopa+u euooe u ooe+oe eoo-
py+euu, e romopix uy+oammc omu eocyoapcmea, e.mmc nupamcmeo,
uesarouui .oe pioi u meppopus+. Oouaro Be.ie ruueu e oo.acmu ooopoui,
euoi eoopy+euu, npuoopemeuuix e 20072011 ee., u, e :acmuocmu, e.ome-
ryua rouqpoumau ua +ope e cnopuix eooax sacmae.mm npeono.o+umi,
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 285
:mo uauoo.ee ea+uym po.i e peueuux o nocmaerax uepamm meppumopua.i-
uie cnopi e P+uo-Kumacro+ +ope (c+. pasoe. III). Iocyoapcmea e omo+
peeuoue mar+e npeonpuuu+amm uaeu r ooecne:euum nepeoa: mexuo.oeu u
oueepcuqurauu ceoux ucmo:uuroe nocmaeor. Hocmaeuuru eo ece oo.iue
cmeneuu cmpe+mc yooe.emeopmi mpeooeauu eocyoapcme Peo-Bocmo:uo
Asuu o uuporo nepeoa:e mexuo.oeu e pa+rax coe.or c opy+ue+ u.u cosoa-
uuu napmuepcme no paspaoomre uoeix cucme+ eoopy+euu.
Heoaeuue npuoopemeuu, sarasi u n.aui no sarynra+ Ap+euuu u Asep-
oao+aua nomeuua.iuo noeiuamm pucr eosoouoe.euu rouq.urma us-sa
cnopuoeo peeuoua Haeopui Kapaoax. Asepoao+au cyuecmeeuuo yee.u:u.
ooe+ u+nopma opy+u ua qoue aepeccueuo pumopuru oo ucno.isoeauuu
cu.i e ypeey.upoeauuu rouq.urma no Haeopuo+y Kapaoaxy. Oo ap+ucro+
u+nopme opy+u e noc.eouue eooi e omrpimo+ oocmyne u+eemc .uui oe-
pauu:euua uuqop+au, oouaro e me:euue 2010 u 2011ee. Ap+euu ooe..a
o n.auax sarynumi oo.ee coeepueuuie cucme+i eoopy+euu e cesu c pes-
ru+ pocmo+ sarynor Asepoao+aua. Ka+ooe us omux oeyx eocyoapcme no-
cneuu.o npue.e:i euu+auue r sarynra+ u eoeuui+ pacxooa+ opyeo cmopoui
u oxaparmepusoea.o oecmeu ceoeeo npomueuura rar ua+epeuue eocyoapcm-
ea npooo.+ami eoury eoopy+euu. Xom ooopoeo.iuoe o+oapeo ua nocmaeru
opy+u Opeauusauu no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone (OBCE)
ocmaemc e cu.e, cmpaui :.eui OBCE no-pasuo+y uumepnpemupymm eeo
cmamyc, u opy+ue npooo.+aem nocmae.mic ooeu+ cmopoua+ (c+. pasoe.
IV). Poccu e.emc rpynueuu+ nocmaeuuro+ o. ooeux cmopou, xom
Asepoao+au ueoaeuo sar.m:u. sua+euame.iuie coe.aueuu ua .ueusuou-
uoe npouseoocmeo u coe.ru c Hspau.e+, P+uo Aqpuro u Typue, no-
cro.iry ou cmpe+umc ucno.isoeami uuocmpauuym mexuo.oeum o. paseu-
mu coocmeeuuo eoeuuo npo+iu.euuocmu.
Huc.o eocyoapcme, cooouueuux o ceoe+ u+nopme u orcnopme opy+u e
Peeucmp OOH no ooi:uix eoopy+euu+, e 2011 e. yee.u:u.oci oo 85; ca+i
uusru sa ece epe+ cyuecmeoeauu Peeucmpa norasame.i (72 eocyoapcmea)
oi. saqurcupoeau e 2010 e. 3a+emuo yee.u:u.oci :uc.o coooueuu us cmpau
A+epuru, oouaro us Aqpuru npuu.o .uui oouo coooueuue, :mo cma.o ca-
+i+ uusru+ norasame.e+ co epe+euu cosoauu Peeucmpa OOH no ooi:ui+
eoopy+euu+. Bo.iuee :uc.o eocyoapcme onyo.uroea.o uauoua.iuie cooo-
ueuu oo orcnopme opy+u; cpeou uux orasa.aci Ho.iua, romopa e 2011 e.
onyo.uroea.a ceoe nepeoe coooueuue (c+. pasoe. V). Xom oauuie CHHPH
no +e+oyuapooui+ nocmaera+ opy+u ue npeocmae.mm ux oeue+uo
cmou+ocmu, po eocyoapcme nyo.uryem oauuie no oeue+uo cmou+ocmu
ceoeeo orcnopma opy+u (c+. pasoe. VI).

Hon XOHTOM
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 286
I. HOCTABKH OPYH B 2011 r.
1


Hon XOHTOM, Mapx FPOMHH, Hnrep . BE3EMAH
n Cnmon T. BE3EMAH

Oem mexynapono ropronnn opyxnem sa nepno 20072011 rr. tn
na 24% ntme no cpannennm c 20022006 rr. (cm. pnc. 6.1)
2
. Xorx nxrepxa
xpynnemnx nocranmnxon noopyxenn ne nperepnena nsmenenn, n 2007
2011 rr. n uncno samerntx nocranmnxon nomnn Knra n Hcnannx. Hnnx cra-
na xpynnemnm nonyuarenem noopyxenn, rora xax Knra npoonxnn onyc-
xartcx n cnncxe nonyuarene nce nnxe n nnxe.


Ocnonnme 1enennnn cpen noc1anmnxon

Ha nxrt xpynnemnx nocranmnxon n 20072011 rr. CBA, Poccnm,
Iepmannm, upannnm n Bennxopnrannm npnxonnoct 75% oema +xcnop-
ra ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn, uro oxasanoct mentme no cpanne-
nnm c 78% n 20022006 rr. (cm. ran. 6.1 n 6.2).


Coeouueuuie Lmami

CBA n nepno 20072011 rr. tnn xpynnemnm +xcnoprepom ocnonntx
nnon otuntx noopyxenn; na nnx npnxonnoct 30% ncex nocranox. Oem
+xcnopra opyxnx ns CBA ynennunncx c 20022006 no 20072011 rr. na 16%,
no nx onx n mexynaponom +xcnopre opyxnx ne nsmennnact. Yxe nmemmne-

1
Hn]opmannx o nocranxax noopyxenn n xonrpaxrax, na xoropym nmemrcx cctnxn n
anno rnane, nsxra ns ast anntx CHHPH no nocranxam noopyxenn, <http://www.sipri.
org/databases/armstransfers>. Fasa anntx coepxnr cneennx o ncex nocranxax ocnonntx
nnon otuntx noopyxenn n nepno mexy 1950 n 2011 rr. annte sa 20072011 rr. n sa
2011 r., na xoroptx no mnorom ocnontnaercx +ra rnana, npnnoxrcx n Perncrpe nocranox
ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn sa 2011 r. n Perncrpe nocranox ocnonntx nnon
otuntx noopyxenn sa 20072011 rr., pasmemenntx na care <http://www.sipri.org/data
bases/armstransfers/recent_trends>. Hexamne n ocnone +ro rnant annte npnneent no co-
croxnnm na 13 ]enpanx 2012 r. Hpecrannennte n +ro rnane annte moryr ornnuartcx or
npnneenntx n npetymnx nsannxx Exeronnxa CHHPH, nocxontxy asa anntx CHHPH
no nocranxam noopyxenn exerono ononnxercx.
2
annte CHHPH no nocranxam noopyxenn ornocxrcx x ]axrnuecxnm nocranxam ocnon-
ntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn, nxnmuax npoaxn, nnnensnn, nomomt, apt n nnsnnr. nx
nponeennx conocrannenn anntx no nocranxam pasnnuntx nnon noopyxenn n ntxnnennx
omnx renennn CHHPH ncnontsyer snauenne noxasarenx rpena. 3rn snauennx xnnxmrcx
ncero nnmt noxasarenem oema mexynapontx nocranox noopyxenn, asnpymmemcx na
onenxe norennnana opyxnx, a ne nx enexno cronmocrn. Hocxontxy oem nocranox moxer
ro or roa xoneartcx, n xauecrne onee cranntnoro noxasarenx renennn n mexynapo-
ntx nocranxax ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn ncnontsyercx nxrnnernee cxontsxmee
cpenee snauenne. Onncanne noxasarenx rpena n meroa pacuera snauennx noxasarenx rpen-
a cm. nnxe.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 287
















Pnc. 6.1. Tenennnn ueaynaponmx noc1anox ocnonnmx nnon omunmx
noopyaennn n 20022011 rr.
Hpu+e:auue: rncrorpamma noxastnaer roonte oemt nocranox, a xpnnax snauenne
nxrnnerne cxontsxme cpene oema nocranox (ormeuenno na nocnenn ro xaxoro
nxrnnernero nepnoa). Oxcnenne snauennx noxasarenx rpena CHHPH cm. n Hcrounnxax n
meroax nnxe.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam noopyxenn, <http://www.sipri.org/data
bases/armstransfers/>.

cx xonrpaxrt nxyne c xonrpaxramn, xoropte tnn nonncant nnn cornacona-
nt n 2011 r., ronopxr o rom, uro CBA n nnxamne rot coxpanxr cnon no-
snnnn xpynnemero +xcnoprepa. Kax n n cnyuae c pyrnmn rocyapcrnamn, na
amepnxancxn +xcnopr opyxnx nnnxmr pasnoopasnte crparernuecxne n +xo-
nomnuecxne coopaxennx.
Ha Asnm n Oxeannm n 20072011 rr. npnxonnoct 45% amepnxancxnx
nocranox ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn. 3a +rnm pernonom cneymr
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n Enpona (cm. ran. 6.1). Fonee roro, ns nxrn
xpynnemnx nonyuarene amepnxancxoro opyxnx n +ror nepno Rxno
Kopen (13% nocranox CBA), Ancrpannn (10%), Oennenntx Apacxnx
3mnparon (OA3, 7%), Haxncrana (6%) n Cnnranypa (6%) nce pacnonaramr-
cx n Asnn n Oxeannn. Hocranxn n Rxnym Kopem n 2011 r. nxnmuann nepnte
na ns saxasanntx uertpex camoneron antnero panonoxannonnoro onapy-
xennx n ynpannennx B-737AEW n 11 ns sannannponannoro 21 oenoro camo-
nera F-15E. Hocranxn n Ancrpannm n 2011 r. nxnmuann 9 ns 24 saxasanntx
oentx camoneron F/A-18E, na camonera antnero panonoxannonnoro o-
napyxennx n ynpannennx B-737AEW n nepnt ns nyx saxasanntx rpanc-
noprntx camoneron C-17A. Hecmorpx na nanpxxennocrt n ornomennxx mex-
y Haxncranom n CBA, nocranxn Haxncrany n 2011 r. npoonxannct: Haxn-
cran nonyunn onn ]perar Perry n na camonera nx neennx optt c
nonontmn noxamn P-3C.

2
8
8












B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Tannna 6.1. 10 xpynnenmnx noc1anmnxon ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyaennn n pacnpeenenne nx noc1anox
no pernonau n 20072011 rr.
annte npecrannxmr ntpaxennym n nponenrax onm nocranmnxa n conoxynnom oeme +xcnopra n pernon-nonyuarent. Hrorn moryr ne
connaart ncnecrnne oxpyrnenn. Hepeuent rocyapcrn, nxoxmnx n xaxt ns pernonon n cypernonon, cm. crpannny XXVII.
Hoc1anmnx
Pernon-
nonyua1ent
CmA Poccnn Iepuannn mpannnn
Bennxo-
pn1annn
Kn1an
Hcna-
nnn
Hnep-
nanm
H1annn Hspannt
Aqpura 2 17 9 10 4 9 2 5 6 4
Cenepnax A]pnxa 2 14 9 2 0 5 3
A]pnxa mxnee 0 2 9 1 3 8 2 3 4
Caxapt
A+epura 7 8 12 6 28 6 30 24 19 22
Rxnax Amepnxa 3 8 7 3 7 6 17 20 12 19
Asu u Oreauu 45 63 27 51 25 73 9 25 28 31
Henrpantnax Asnx 0 2 0 1 1
Bocrounax n Rro- 25 27 24 39 8 5 9 21 8 9
Bocrounax Asnx
Oxeannx 10 1 8 2 2 0 2
Rxnax Asnx 10 34 3 4 15 68 1 20 19
Eepona 18 3 41 21 13 60 37 33 19
Enponecxn coms 17 0 40 19 10 10 37 31 18
B.u+uu u Cpeouu 27 10 11 12 30 12 1 10 13 23
Bocrox
Me+oyuapoouie 1 1
opeauusauu
H1oro 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
= nont; <0.5 = or 0 o 0.5%.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers/>.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 289
B nocnenne rot CBA cocpeorounnnct na crparernuecxnx npnopnre-
rax n Asnn n crann paccmarpnnart Hnnm xax cnoero onrocpounoro crpare-
rnuecxoro naprnepa n pernone. B ro xe npemx onn oosnaunnn sannrepeco-
nannocrt n rom, urot nsxrt na cex uacrt snaunrentntx pacxoon Hnnn na
nmnopr noopyxenn
3
. B 2011 r. amepnxano-nnncxne ornomennx n onacrn
nocranox opyxnx nonyunnn antnemee pasnnrne, ntpasnnmeecx n nocranxe
nepntx mecrn ns 12 saxasanntx rpancnoprntx camoneron C-130J n pasmeme-
nnn saxasa na 10 rpancnoprntx camoneron C-17. B cnyuae c Tananem coo-
paxennx esonacnocrn n +xonomnuecxne coopaxennx nnora ncrynamr n
xon]nnxr. Hecmorpx na ro uro na xony cronr cymecrnennax +xonomnuecxax
ntroa, n anrycre 2011 r. npannrentcrno CBA pemnno orxasartcx nnep-
nte or npoaxn 66 nontx oentx camoneron F-16 Tananm n snaunrentno
crenenn pan roro, urot nsexart nanpxxennocrn n ornomennxx c Knraem
4
.
Bmecro nocranxn nontx camoneron CBA cornacnnnct oronapnnart cenxy, n
coornercrnnn c xoropo ntnemnn annannonnt napx Tananx, cocroxmn
ns 145 camoneron F-16, yer cymecrnenno moepnnsnponan n oneen o ca-
mtx conpemenntx cranapron
5
.
Ha Fnnxnem n Cpenem Bocroxe amepnxancxne nocranxn opyxnx rocy-
apcrnam unenam Conera no corpynnuecrny crpan Hepcncxoro sannna xn-
nxmrcx neoremnemo uacrtm amepnxancxo nonnrnxn n onacrn esonacno-
crn npn nannunn npornnocroxnnx c Ant-Kano n omymaemo yrpost co
cropont Hpana, a, npnnocx oxot amepnxancxo npomtmnennocrn, onn
cnyxar cpecrnom nponnxennx +xonomnuecxo nonnrnxn CBA
6
. B 2011 r.
amepnxancxne nocranxn OA3, sannmanmnm n 20072011 rr. rperte mecro cpe-
n xpynnemnx nonyuarene amepnxancxnx ocnonntx nnon noopyxennx,
nxnmuann uertpe rpancnoprntx camonera C-17, 15 rpancnoprntx neproneron
UH-60, 20 mnorosapxntx nycxontx ycranonox nx ntcoxomonntntx ap-
rnnnepncxnx paxerntx cncrem M-142 n ontmoe xonnuecrno ynpannxemoro
opyxnx nx nx camoneron. Hanonee snaunrentno cenxo, saxnmuenno
OA3 c CBA n 2011 r., cran saxas nyx paxerntx cncrem Terminal High-
Altitude Area Defence (THAAD), npenasnauenntx nx nopaxennx raxrnue-
cxnx annncrnuecxnx paxer cpene antnocrn. On oxasancx nepntm +xc-
noprntm saxasom na cncremy THAAD.
Kpynnemnm noenntm saxasom, pasmemenntm n 2011 r., cran saxas Cay-
oncxo Apanne 154 oentx camonera F-15SA cronmocrtm 29.4 mnp onn.
Hpannrentcrno CBA saxnnno, uro +ra cenxa coxpannr onee 50 000 amepn-
xancxnx paounx mecr... exerono oxastnax +xonomnuecxoe nosecrnne na
+xonomnxy CBA n pasmepe 3.5 mnp onn., ne yxasan nepno, n reuenne xoropo-

3
US Department of Defense (DOD), Report to Congress on U. S.India Security Cooperation
(DOD: Washington, DC, Nov. 2011); n US Department of Defense, Sustaining U. S. Global Lead-
ership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense (DOD: Washington, DC, Jan. 2012), p. 2.
4
Minnick, W., U.S. to deny Taiwan new jets, Defense News, 15 Aug. 2011, p. 1.
5
Enav, P., U.S. no on Taiwan F-16 bid reveals China sway, Air Force Times, 21
Sep. 2011.
6
Kparxoe onncanne n nepeuent crpan unenon Conera no corpynnuecrny n Hepcncxom
sannne cm. n ononnennn B nacroxmero nsannx.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 290
Tannna 6.2. 50 xpynnenmnx noc1anmnxon ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyae-
nnn n 20072011 rr.
Hocranmnxn panxnponant n coornercrnnn c oemamn +xcnopra ocnonntx nnon
otuntx noopyxenn sa 20072011 rr. annte xnnxmrcx snauennxmn noxasarenx
rpena CHHPH. Hrorn moryr ne connaart ncnecrnne oxpyrnenn.
Oseu +xcnop1a
(snauenne noxasa1enn 1pena, unn)
Panr,
2007
2011
Panr,
2002
2006
a

Hoc1anmnx
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2007
2011
onn n
%,
2007
2011
1 1 CBA 7919 6463 6656 8111 9984 39133 30
2 2 Poccnx 5496 5980 5287 5881 7874 30517 24
3 4 Iepmannx 3234 2383 2494 2476 1206 11794 9
4 3 upannnx 2400 2048 2037 856 2437 9778 8
5 5 Bennxo- 1008 998 1027 1133 1070 5236 4
pnrannx
6 7 Knra 434 593 1018 1335 1356 4736 4
7 12 Hcnannx 594 610 997 280 927 3408 3
8 6 Hnepnant 1235 512 517 440 538 3242 3
9 8 Hrannx 691 406 505 594 1046 3241 3
10 9 Hspannt 511 318 814 528 531 2703 2
11 10 Bnennx 348 430 370 653 686 2488 2
12 11 Yxpanna 732 367 385 488 484 2455 2
13 14 Bnenapnx 302 482 256 182 297 1519 1
14 13 Kanaa 337 230 183 236 292 1277 1
15 20 Rxnax Kopex 219 78 163 97 225 782 1
16 18 Rxnax A]pnxa 165 161 186 123 61 696 1
17 19 Fentrnx 19 221 233 8 111 592 0
18 23 Hopnernx 55 108 147 141 108 559 0
19 25 Fenapyct 6 226 42 160 59 493 0
20 32 Fpasnnnx 53 92 37 184 27 394 0
21 15 Hontma 175 75 81 8 8 347 0
22 30 Ancrpannx 1 8 57 98 126 290 0
23 16 Ysexncran 90 90 90 270 0
24 24 unnnxnnx 47 67 41 46 47 248 0
25 29 Ancrpnx 97 14 29 34 30 204 0
26 27 Typnnx 38 61 43 45 6 193 0
27 44 Hopannx 13 12 60 91 176 0
28 Hopryrannx 99 46 0 145 0
29 43 uepnoropnx 109 14 123 0
30 58 Focnnx n 119 119 0
Iepneronnna
31 26 uemcxax 31 34 21 3 11 100 0
Pecnynnxa
32 65 unnn 100 100 0
33 Hnnnx 10 18 32 28 87 0
34 69 Cepnx 4 45 1 30 4 85 0
35 36 Monona 19 29 20 68 0
36 40 Hnnx 21 11 23 4 8 67 0
37 23 annx 6 17 14 10 20 66 0
38 41 Cnnranyp 31 27 4 63 0
39 49 Cayoncxax 1 58 59 0
Apannx
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 291
Oseu +xcnop1a
(snauenne noxasa1enn 1pena, unn)
Panr,
2007
2011
Panr,
2002
2006
a

Hoc1anmnx
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2007
2011
onn n
%,
2007
2011
40 33 Hpan 2 5 5 45 57 0
41 60 Cnpnx 25 25 50 0
42 48 Oennennte 3 38 3 44 0
Apacxne 3mnpart
43 54 Benecy+na 3 40 43 0
44 nonnx 40 40 0
45 47 Pymtnnx 32 2 1 1 36 0
46 28 Fonrapnx 9 3 14 4 31 0
47 39 Cnonaxnx 20 8 28 0
48 Fpyne- 24 24 0
apyccanam
49 Hnrepnx 19 19 0
50 35 Ktprtscran 14 14 0
. . . . Hensnecrnte 0 35 13 24 8 80 0
nocranmnxn
. . . . Hpoune 13 2 2 1 6 25 0
H1oro 26448 23362 24044 24535 29954 128343
0 = <0.5.

Hpu+e:auue: annte CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx ornocxrcx x ]axrnuecxnm nocranxam oc-
nonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn. nx nponeennx conocrannenn anntx no nocranxam pasnnu-
ntx nnon noopyxenn n ntxnnennx omnx renennn CHHPH ncnontsyer snauenne noxasarenx
rpena. 3rn snauennx xnnxmrcx ncero nnmt noxasarenem oema mexynapontx nocranox noopy-
xenn, a ne nx ]axrnuecxo enexno cronmocrn. Cneonarentno, onn ne conocrannmt c raxnmn
+xonomnuecxnmn noxasarenxmn, xax nanono nnyrpennn npoyxr nnn oem +xcnopra/nmnopra.
Mero pacuera snauennx noxasarenx rpena onnctnaercx n Hcrounnxax n meroax nnxe.
a
Panxnponanne nocranmnxon n 20022006 rr. ornnuaercx or panxnponannx, onynnxonanno-
ro n Exeronnxe CHHPH 2007 r., no npnunne nocneymmero nepecmorpa anntx sa +rn rot.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/
armstransfers/>.

ro ona yer ntnonnxrtcx
7
. Kpome roro, Cayoncxax Apannx saxasana n pyroe
amepnxancxoe noopyxenne, n rom uncne 36 oentx neproneron AH-64D. py-
rnmn xpynntmn nontmn xonrpaxramn, saxnmuenntmn co crpanamn Fnnxnero
n Cpenero Bocroxa n 2011 r., xnnxmrcx saxas Hpaxa na 18 oentx camoneron F-
16C, saxas Omana na 12 camoneron F-16C n saxas Ernnra na 125 ranxon M-1A1.
Hpoaxn oenoro camonera F-35 (xomnnnponannoro mrypmonnxa-ncrpe-
nrenx) oxaxyr cnntnoe nnnxnne na onrocpounym nnamnxy amepnxancxoro
+xcnopra noopyxenn. Typnnx nornepnna cnom npnnepxennocrt +ro npo-
rpamme, saxasan nepnte na camonera F-35 ns sannannponanntx 100 mryx, a
nonnx oxnnna, uro ona saxaxer 42 camonera. K nauany 2012 r., n ononne-
nne x cocrnenntm nnanam CBA, yxe enxrt rocyapcrn saxasann nnn nna-
nnponann saxasart n ome cnoxnocrn onee 700 camoneron F-35.

7
White House, Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Joshua Earnest on U. S. sale
of defense equipment to Saudi Arabia, 29 Dec. 2011, <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-
office/2011/12/29/statement-principal-deputy-press-secretary-joshua-earnest-us-sale-defens>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 292
Poccu

Ha Poccnm npnxonnoct 24% oema mexynaponoro +xcnopra opyxnx
sa nepno 20072011 rr. C 20022006 no 20072011 rr. oem poccncxoro
+xcnopra opyxnx ynennunncx na 12%, no onx Poccnn n conoxynnom +xcnopre
coxparnnact na 2 nponenrntx nynxra. Asnx nonyunna 63% poccncxoro +xc-
nopra; sa ne cneonann A]pnxa n Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox (cm. ran. 6.1).
Kpynnemnmn nnnnnyantntmn nonyuarenxmn poccncxoro opyxnx sa +ror
nepno tnn Hnnx (33% poccncxnx nocranox), Knra (16%), Anxnp (14%),
Benecy+na (7%) n Bternam (4%).
B 2011 r. Poccnx npoonxana nocrannxrt n Hnnm roronte cncremt, a
raxxe xomnnexrt n xomnonenrt nx nnnensnonno copxn, nxnmuax, cornac-
no onenxe, 25 oentx camoneron Cy-30MKH n 12 oentx camoneron MnI-
29K, nepnte 10 ns sannannponanntx 80 neproneron Mn-17 n 100 ranxon T-
90C. B nauane 2012 r. Hnnx nonyunna aromnym nononym noxy npoexra
971, xoropax tna nepeana e Poccne no oronopy nnsnnra cpoxom na 10
ner
8
. Xorx poccncxn MnI-35 ne nonan n oxonuarentnt cnncox nnncxo
nporpammt no saxynxe 126 cpennx mnoronenentx oentx camoneron, n xon-
ne 2011 r. Poccnx oecneunna cee saxas na nnnensnonnoe nponsnocrno eme
42 oentx camoneron Cy-30MKH.
Xorx Knra n 20072011 rr. sannman nropoe mecro cpen nonyuarene
ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn poccncxoro nponsnocrna, nocranxn
pxa xpynntx nsenn, nanpnmep, oentx camoneron, paxer xnacca semnx
nosyx n xopane tnn sanepment n 2009 r. Knra no-npexnemy sannrepe-
conan n noxynxe poccncxnx annannonntx nnrarene, paxer xnacca semnx
nosyx, neproneron, rpancnoprntx camoneron n camoneron-osanpanmnxon n
noenno-mopcxo rexnonornn, onaxo Poccnx moxer npoxnnrt nexenanne npe-
ocrannxrt cnom rexnonornm norennnantnomy xonxypenry no npoaxam
opyxnx (cm. nnxe)
9
. B xauecrne xpynntx nonyuarene poccncxnx oentx
camoneron n noenno-mopcxo rexnnxn (cm. pasen III nnxe) ntcrynnnn n co-
cen Knrax n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn, n uacrnocrn, Bternam.
Poccncxoe noopyxenne, nonyuennoe Anxnpom n 2011 r., nxnmuaer nep-
nte 8 ns saxasanntx 16 oentx camoneron Cy-30MKA, nepnte +xcnoprnte
nocranxn 10 ns 16 yueno-rpennponountx/nerxnx oentx camoneron x-30 n
nropym ns nyx paxerntx cncrem xnacca semnxnosyx C-300HMY-2. B
2011 r. Poccnx nocrannna n Yrany nepnte uertpe ns sannannponanntx mec-
rn oentx camoneron Cy-30MK2; xpome roro, ntxcnnnoct, uro Yrana n pam-
xax cenxn na 740 mnn onn., cornaconanno n 2010 r., saxasana ranxn T-90C
10
.
Boopyxenne, xoropoe Benecy+na nonyunna or Poccnn n 2011 r., nxnmua-
no ranxn T-72M1M n paxernte cncremt xnacca semnxnosyx C-125 He-

8
Russia hands over Nerpa nuclear sub to India, RIA Novosti, 23 Jan. 2012, <http://en.rian.
ru/mlitary_news/20120123/170896950.html>.
9
Jakobson, L. et al., Chinas Energy and Security Relations with Russia: Hopes, Frustrations
and Uncertainties, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 29 (SIPRI: Stockholm, July 2011), pp. 2122.
10
O pemennn xynnrt oente camonert cm.: Wezeman, P. D., Wezeman, S. T. and Braud-
Sudreau, L., Arms Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 30 (SIPRI: Stockholm,
Dec. 2011), pp. 2223.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 293
uopa-2M, saxasannte n 2010 r. Poccnx n Benecy+na raxxe oronopnnnct o
orxptrnn xpenrno nnnnn na 4 mnp onn. nx saxynox noopyxenn n 2012
n 2013 rr.
11

Ha nporxxennn 2011 r. Poccnx conpornnnxnact annennm npexparnrt
nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm n noepxart nneenne canxnn, nxnmuax +map-
ro na nocranxn opyxnx, co cropont Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (cm. pasen II
nnxe)
12
. B 20072011 rr. 78% cnpncxoro nmnopra ocnonntx nnon otuntx
noopyxenn nocrynano ns Poccnn, xorx n cnncxe xpynnemnx nonyuarene
poccncxoro opyxnx Cnpnx sannmana nnmt cetmoe mecro n na nee npnxon-
noct 3% poccncxoro +xcnopra. B 2011 r. Poccnx sanepmnna nocranxy nporn-
noxopaentntx paxer xonr n paxerntx cncrem xnacca semnxnosyx
Hannnpt-C1 n Fyx-M1. 24 oentx camonera MnI-29M tnn saxasant,
no nce eme ne nocrannent. B exape 2011 r. Cnpnx nonncana xonrpaxr
cronmocrtm 550 mnn onn. na nocranxy 36 yueno-rpennponountx/oentx
camoneron x-130
13
.


pyeue rpynuie nocmaeuuru

C 20022006 no 20072011 rr. +xcnopr noopyxenn ns Iepmannn nospoc
na 37%, n +ra crpana nonxnact c uerneproro na rperte mecro cpen xpyn-
nemnx +xcnoprepon (cm. ran. 6.2). 41% repmancxoro +xcnopra opyxnx n
20072011 rr. npnxonncx na pyrne enponecxne rocyapcrna, sa xoroptmn
cneonann Asnx n Oxeannx n Amepnxa (cm. ran. 6.1). B nmne 2011 r. repman-
cxn ueepantnt coner esonacnocrn oopnn norennnantnym npoaxy
Cayoncxo Apannn ne menee 200 ranxon Leopard 2A7+
14
. Cunraercx, uro
Cayoncxax Apannx sanpamnnana pasnnunte mon]nxannn ranxa Leopard
naunnax c 1980-x roon, onaxo ncera nonyuana orxas. Honocrt o oope-
nnn nocranxn ntsnana n Iepmannn ypnym ncxyccnm, cnpononnponannym n
ocnonnom rem, uro ona npnmna ncxope nocne roro, xax Cayoncxax Apannx
pasnepnyna poneranxonym rexnnxy nx noannennx conpornnnennx emon-
crpanron n Faxpene
15
. Ananornuno tna peaxnnx na nonocrt o rom, uro
Iepmannx oopnna norennnantnym npoaxy Anxnpy ponerpancnoprepon
TPz-1, ]peraron n pyro rexnnxn cronmocrtm o 10 mnp enpo (14.5 mnp
onn.)
16
. B reuenne 2011 r. Iepmannx oopnna cycnnm n oeme 135 mnn

11
Gabuev, A., [Business in a hat with Venezuela], Kommersant, 26 Aug. 2011 (na pyc. xs.); n
Russia to lend Venezuela $4 bln to pay for arms deals, RIA-Novosti, 7 Oct. 2011, <http://en.
rian.ru/world/20111007/167461572.html>.
12
O marax n nanpannennn nneennx +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm
cm. raxxe pasen III rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
13
Safronov, I., [Syria has secured the next Yak-130], Kommersant, 23 Jan. 2012 (na pyc. xs.).
14
Germany wants to supply battle tanks to Saudi Arabia, Spiegel Online, 4 July 2011,
<http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,772177,00.html>.
15
German Bundestag, Stenographic report, 119th meeting, Plenarprotokoll 17/119, 6 July
2011. Cm. raxxe pasen II nnxe n pasen I rnant 2 nacroxmero nsannx.
16
Deutschland gibt Rstung fr Algerien frei [Germany approves arms to Algeria], Han-
delsblatt, 3 July 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 294
enpo (180 mnn onn.) ony rpert or nonno nent na saxynxy Hspannem
mecro nonono noxn Dolphin
17
.
Xorx c 20022006 no 20072011 rr. oem ]pannyscxoro +xcnopra oc-
nonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn ynennunncx na 12%, upannnx onycrn-
nact c rpertero na uerneproe mecro cpen xpynnemnx +xcnoprepon. 51%
oema ]pannyscxoro +xcnopra opyxnx npnxonncx na Asnm n Oxeannm, sa
xoroptmn cneonann Enpona n Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox. B 2011 r. upan-
nnx norepnena neyauy n nontrxe oecneunrt cee nepnt +xcnoprnt saxas
na oeno camoner Rafale. Ona ne cmorna nonyunrt oxnaemt saxas or OA3
na 60 camoneron ns-sa nexonxypenrntx n nenpnemnemtx xommepuecxnx
ycnonn npenoxenno cenxn, n OA3 oparnnact c sanpocamn antrepnarnn-
ntx npenoxenn x pyrnm nponsnonrenxm
18
. Kpome roro, npannrentcrno
Bnenapnn npenouno ]pannyscxomy Rafale oeno camoner ns Bnennn
JAS-39
19
. Onaxo n xnnape 2012 r. npannrentcrno Hnnn oxnnno, uro Rafale
ntnrpan xonxypc no nporpamme saxynox cpenero mnoronenenoro oenoro
camonera naroapx npenoxennm xomnannn Dassault camo nnsxo nent
20
.
Kpynnte saxast na ]pannyscxoe noopyxenne n 2011 r. nxnmuann nnncxn
saxas na moepnnsannm 51 oenoro camonera Mirage 2000 o yponnx Mi-
rage 2000-5s n cenxy c Poccne na nocranxy 2 ecanrntx neproneronocnen
Mistral. B exape 2011 r. Poccnx n upannnx nonncann xonrpaxr na crpon-
rentcrno no nnnensnn eme nyx Mistral
21
.
C 20022006 no 20072011 rr. oem pnrancxoro +xcnopra ocnonntx
nnon otuntx noopyxenn ynennunncx na 2%, n +ro nosnonnno Bennxopn-
rannn coxpannrt sa coo nosnnnm nxroro xpynnemero n mnpe +xcnoprepa.
30% oema pnrancxoro +xcnopra opyxnx npnxonnoct na Fnnxnn n Cpe-
nn Bocrox, sa xoroptm nnnornym cneonann Amepnxa, Asnx n Oxeannx.
Hanonee snaunrentno cenxo, nonncanno pnrancxnmn xomnannxmn n
2011 r., cran xonrpaxr na 73 mnn onn. na nocranxy cncrem osanpanxn n nos-
yxe nx camoneron-osanpanmnxon KC-46 noenno-nosymntx cnn CBA.
Xorx +ror xonrpaxr ornocnrentno nenennx no cronmocrn, on, nepoxrno, npn-
neer x ononnnrentntm saxasam cncrem osanpanxn n nosyxe nx ncex 179
osanpanmnxon KC-46, xoropte CBA namepent npnopecrn
22
.
Xorx co npemenn oxonuannx xonono nont nxrtm xpynnemnmn +xc-
noprepamn opyxnx xnnxnnct CBA, Poccnx, Iepmannx, upannnx n Bennxo-
pnrannx, c 20022006 no 20072011 rr. necxontxo rocyapcrn, ne nxoxmnx
n +ry nxrepxy, cymecrnenno ynennunnn oem nocranox. onx Knrax n cono-
xynnom oeme mnponoro +xcnopra opyxnx nospocna c 2 o 4%, uro crano or-
paxennem ynennuennx xnracxoro +xcnopra ocnonntx nnon otuntx noo-

17
Opall-Rome, B., Germany redoubles support for Israel, Defense News, 5 Dec. 2012.
18
Tran, P., UAE says France's Rafale deal unworkable, Defense News, 16 Nov. 2011.
19
Swiss Air Force to get Swedish jets, swissinfo.ch, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, 1 Dec.
2011, <http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/internal_affairs/? cid=31673198>.
20
Kumar, M., French Rafale favoured for huge India warplane deal, Reuters, 31 Jan. 2012,
<http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/31/us-india-defence-idUSTRE80U24620120131>.
21
Russia to build hulls for 2 Mistral-class warships, RIA Novosti, 2 Dec. 2011, <http://en.
rian.ru/world/20111202/169255665.html>.
22
Cobham, Cobham awarded USAF KC-46 tanker engineering subcontracts in excess of US
$73 million, Press release, 26 July 2011, <http://www.cobham.com/media/news.aspx>.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 295
pyxenn na 95% n osnauano, uro on nonxncx c cetmoro na mecroe mecro
cpen xpynnemnx +xcnoprepon. 73% oema xnracxoro +xcnopra opyxnx
npnxonnoct na pyrne rocyapcrna Asnn n Oxeannn, sa xoroptmn cneonann
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n A]pnxa. Ocnonntm nonyuarenem xnracxoro
+xcnopra tn Haxncran, na xoropt npnmnoct 64% ncex nocranox, npexe
ncero nocranox ranxon MBT-2000, oentx camoneron JF-17 n ]peraron F-
22P. Haxncran, nepoxrno, ocranercx xpynnemnm nonyuarenem xnracxoro
opyxnx ns-sa npoonxammnxcx nocranox +rnx cncrem, a raxxe yxe pasme-
menntx, no eme ne ntnonnenntx saxason na pyrne nnt noopyxenn,
nxnmuax na tcrpoxontx yapntx xopanx Azmat n mecrt neanno pas-
paoranntx nonontx noox.
Hcnancxn +xcnopr ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn c 20022006
no 20072011 rr. ynennunncx na 165%, n Hcnannx nonxnact c 12-ro na 7-e
mecro cpen xpynnemnx +xcnoprepon. 67% oema ncnancxnx nocranox npn-
xonnoct na pyrne enponecxne rocyapcrna, sa xoroptmn cneonann Ame-
pnxa, Asnx n Oxeannx. Fontmax uacrt 67% +xcnopra Hcnannn sa nepno
20072011 rr. tna npecrannena xopanxmn. K xonny 2011 r. y Hcnannn oc-
ranannct nentnonnenntmn nnmt nemnorne saxast na crponrentcrno xopa-
ne, nxnmuax saxas na rpn +cxapenntx mnnonocna Hobart n na ecanrntx
xopanx BPE, xoropte onxnt trt nocrannent n Ancrpannm n 20142017 rr.
Hcnannx ne nonyuana xpynntx xonrpaxron na +xcnopr xopane c 2007 r.


Ocnonnme 1enennnn cpen nonyua1enen

3a nepno 20072011 rr. 44% nmnopra ocnonntx nnon otuntx noo-
pyxenn npnxonnoct na rocyapcrna Asnn n Oxeannn. Cneymmnm xpyn-
nemnm pernonom-nonyuarenem tna Enpona (19%), sa xoropo cneonann
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox (17%), Amepnxa (11%) n A]pnxa (9%).
Bce nxrt xpynnemnx nonyuarene ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxe-
nn Hnnx, Rxnax Kopex, Haxncran, Knra n Cnnranyp (cm. ran. 6.3 n
6.4) ornocxrcx x pernony Asnn n Oxeannn. Fonee roro, nexoropte ns xpyn-
nemnx ynennuenn oema nmnopra opyxnx n nepno c 20022006 no 2007
2011 rr. tnn ormeuent n rocyapcrnax Rro-Bocrouno Asnn (cm. pasen III
nnxe). Ynennuenne oema nocranox asnarcxnm nonyuarenxm oxcnxercx
pxom ]axropon n onacrn esonacnocrn, nonnrnxn n +xonomnxn. Hecxontxo
xpynntx nmnoprepon n Asnn crpemxrcx pasnnnart cnom cocrnennym noen-
nym npomtmnennocrt n cnnsnrt sanncnmocrt or nnemnnx ncrounnxon no-
cranox
23
. Onaxo n cnoem nponsnocrne noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn onn
npoonxamr onnpartcx na paspaorxn, rexnonornn n xomnonenrt nnemnnx
nocranmnxon. Taxnm opasom, na nnnensnonnoe nponsnocrno npnxonrcx
snaunrentnax uacrt oema nocranox mnornm ns +rnx xpynntx nonyuarene.
Onaxo Knram yanoct tcrpo pasnnrt nannonantnym noennym npomtm-
nennocrt nx yonnernopennx cocrnenntx norpenocre, n +ro xnnxercx o-

23
O ycnnnxx no cosannm nnn noepxxe nannonantno noenno npomtmnennocrn n
npnmept Hnnn n Rxno Kopen cm. pasen III rnant 6 nacroxmero nsannx; n Jackson, S. T.,
Arms production, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 233236, 240244.

2
9
6












B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Tannna 6.3. 10 xpynnenmnx nonyua1enen ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyaennn n nx noc1anmnxn n 20072011 rr.
annte npecrannxmr ntpaxennym n nponenrax onm xaxoro nocranmnxa n conoxynnom oeme nmnopra nonyuarenx. B rannne
yxasant rontxo nocranmnxn, na xoroptx npnxonrcx onn n onee nponenron conoxynnoro oema nmnopra xaxoro-nnyt ns 10
xpynnemnx nonyuarene. Fonee menxne nocranmnxn crpynnnponant n xareropnm Hpoune nocranmnxn.
Hrorn moryr ne connaart ncnecrnne oxpyrnenn.
Honyua1ent
Hoc1anmnx
Hnnn
Kanan
Kopen
Haxnc1an Kn1an Cnnranyp Anc1pannn Ananp CmA OA3 Ipennn
Ancrpannx 1 . . 2
Kanaa 0 0 17 1
Knra 42 . . 0
upannnx 1 7 5 12 39 15 3 5 15 22
Iepmannx 1 17 2 0 8 3 11 1 35
Hspannt 4 0 4 1 1
Hrannx 3 0 2 1 4 1 2
Hnepnant 0 1 2
Hopnernx 0 10
Poccnx 80 2 78 93 0 14
Rxnax A]pnxa 0 0 9 0
Hcnannx 5
Bnennx 1 5 2 0 0 2 3
Bnenapnx 2 5 2 9 2
Yxpanna 0 4 2 1
Bennxopnrannx 6 2 2 25 2
CBA 3 74 36 43 79 0 . . 62 32
Ysexncran 2
Hpoune nocranmnxn 0 0 3 1 2 2 2
H1oro 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

= nont; 0 = <0.5.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers/>.

MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 297
Tannna 6.4. 50 xpynnenmnx nonyua1enen ocnonnmx nnon omunmx
noopyaennn n 20072011 rr.
Honyuarenn panxnponant n coornercrnnn c conoxynntmn oemamn nmnopra oc-
nonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn sa 20072011 rr. annte xnnxmrcx snauennxmn
noxasarenx rpena CHHPH. Hrorn moryr ne connaart ncnecrnne oxpyrnenn.
Oseu nunop1a
(snauenne noxasa1enn 1pena, unn)
Panr,
2007
2011
Panr,
2002
2006
a

Honyua1ent
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2007
2011
onn n
%,
2007
2011
1 2 Hnnx 2213 1804 2200 2851 3582 12650 10
2 5 Rxnax Kopex 1767 1710 874 1320 1422 7093 6
3 11 Haxncran 636 1037 1124 2450 1675 6923 5
4 1 Knra 1758 1683 1054 718 1112 6325 5
5 22 Cnnranyp 384 1178 1697 946 921 5126 4
6 8 Ancrpannx 640 385 649 1386 1749 4808 4
7 24 Anxnp 489 1444 1093 836 783 4644 4
8 10 CBA 818 880 947 881 946 4473 3
9 3 Oennennte 970 762 565 569 1444 4309 3
Apacxne 3mnpart
10 4 Ipennx 1708 521 1230 664 177 4299 3
11 12 Cayoncxax 195 369 818 1025 1095 3502 3
Apannx
12 9 Typnnx 613 583 642 390 1010 3238 3
13 28 Manasnx 568 540 1577 404 14 3102 2
14 13 Bennxopnrannx 740 550 496 601 412 2800 2
15 46 Benecy+na 785 743 357 207 560 2652 2
16 35 Hopnernx 552 612 570 168 650 2551 2
17 7 Ernner 678 247 174 676 545 2321 2
18 16 unnn 697 407 339 480 323 2246 2
19 40 Hpax 269 380 402 455 722 2228 2
20 15 nonnx 517 641 392 370 254 2174 2
21 20 Hontma 987 601 157 135 144 2023 2
22 25 Rxnax A]pnxa 880 486 128 174 175 1842 1
23 6 Hspannt 859 653 153 43 76 1784 1
24 78 A]ranncran 41 152 344 371 835 1743 1
25 51 Mapoxxo 29 47 39 63 1558 1735 1
26 45 Hopryrannx 60 145 414 978 115 1711 1
27 37 Hnonesnx 576 238 461 228 201 1704 1
28 23 Kanaa 463 458 107 270 342 1641 1
29 18 Hcnannx 342 370 273 304 248 1537 1
30 32 Bternam 2 166 56 152 1009 1385 1
31 17 Hrannx 498 192 90 73 311 1165 1
32 29 Fpasnnnx 204 193 169 289 266 1120 1
33 68 Cnpnx 253 192 299 291 1035 1
34 48 Konymnx 236 112 310 202 155 1015 1
35 36 Hopannx 176 161 237 114 263 952 1
36 31 Hnepnant 260 146 233 156 145 939 1
37 64 Ancrpnx 306 220 330 5 6 867 1
38 53 Asepaxan 211 30 147 147 277 812 1
39 19 Hpan 385 79 79 94 94 732 1
40 70 Fentrnx 174 204 94 33 22 526 0
41 21 Hemen 151 40 5 234 77 507 0
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 298
Oxonuanne rannnt 6. 4
Oseu nunop1a
(snauenne noxasa1enn 1pena, unn)
Panr,
2007
2011
Panr,
2002
2006
a

Honyua1ent
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2007
2011
onn n
%,
2007
2011
42 43 Tannan 8 13 37 82 360 499 0
43 103 Karap 285 26 181 491 0
44 44 unnnxnnx 115 157 43 79 97 491 0
45 26 Iepmannx 81 103 122 66 112 484 0
46 77 Kyner 279 5 20 73 58 435 0
47 34 Hepy 172 139 46 74 431 0
48 50 Mtxnma 7 45 1 38 331 423 0
49 72 HATO 420 420 0
50 33 Cyan 33 106 77 137 63 415 0
. . . . Hpoune 1951 1623 1763 2366 2745 10438 8
. . . . Hensnecrnte 12 8 5 25 0
nonyuarenn
H1oro 26448 23362 24044 24535 29954 128343
0 = <0.5; HATO = Oprannsannx Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa.
Hpu+e:auue: annte CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx ornocxrcx x ]axrnuecxnm nocranxam
ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn. nx nponeennx conocrannenn anntx no nocran-
xam pasnnuntx nnon noopyxenn n ntxnnennx omnx renennn CHHPH ncnontsyer sna-
uenne noxasarenx rpena. 3rn snauennx xnnxmrcx ncero nnmt noxasarenem oema mexyna-
pontx nocranox noopyxenn, a ne nx ]axrnuecxo enexno cronmocrn. Cneonarentno,
onn ne conocrannmt c raxnmn +xonomnuecxnmn noxasarenxmn, xax nanono nnyrpennn npo-
yxr nnn oem +xcnopra/nmnopra. Mero pacuera snauennx noxasarenx rpena onnctnaercx
n Hcrounnxax n meroax nnxe.
a
Panxnponanne nonyuarene n 20022006 rr. ornnuaercx or panxnponannx, onynnxo-
nannoro n Exeronnxe CHHPH 2007 r., no npnunne nocneymmero nepecmorpa anntx sa +rn
rot.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/
armstransfers/>.

nnm ns rnanntx ]axropon coxpamennx oema nocranox n Knra n nocnenne
rot: c 20022006 no 20072011 rr. ero nmnopr ocnonntx nnon noopyxenn
coxparnncx na 58%.
C 20022006 no 20072011 rr. samerno ntpoc oem nocranox n Cenep-
nym A]pnxy
24
. Oem nocranox n Anxnp ynennunncx na 307%, n pesyntrare
uero on nonxncx c 24-ro na 7-e mecro n cnncxe xpynnemnx nonyuarene
(cm. ran. 6.4). Mapoxxo nonxnoct c 51-ro mecra na 25-e naroapx pocry
oema nocranox na 440%. Hponsomno raxxe ontmoe ynennuenne nmnopra
A]ranncrana n Hpaxa, nocxontxy +rn crpant noccranannnnann cnon noopy-
xennte cnnt sa cuer nocranox or xpynntx nocranmnxon noopyxenn ns Ce-
nepno Amepnxn n Enpont. Oem nocranox n Hpax c 20022006 no 2007
2011 rr. ynennunncx na 301%, n on nonxncx c 40-ro mecra na 19-oe
25
. Oem

24
Cm. raxxe: Holtom, P. n p., International arms transfers, SIPRI Yearbook 2010, pp. 296302.
25
Cm. raxxe: Holtom n p. (cnocxa 24), pp. 302305.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 299
nocranox n A]ranncran nospoc onee pesxo, na 2000%, ncnecrnne uero +ra
crpana nepemecrnnact c 78-ro na 24-e mecro.


Hc1ounnxn n ue1om anannsa annmx o noc1anxax opyann

Fasa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/data
bases/armstransfers/>, coepxnr nn]opmannm o nocranxax ocnonntx nnon
noopyxenn rocyapcrnam, mexynapontm oprannsannxm n nerocyapcr-
nenntm noopyxenntm rpynnnponxam c 1950 o 2011 r. Cop n ananns anntx
xnnxercx nenpeptnntm nponeccom: asa anntx ononnxercx no mepe roro,
xax cranonxrcx ocrynntmn nonte cneennx, n nonte pxt anntx nynn-
xymrcx exerono. Hepecmorp oxnara anntx pacnpocrpanxercx perpocnex-
rnnno na nect nepno, oxnauennt aso anntx. annte ns necxontxnx ns-
ann Exeronnxa CHHPH nnn pyrnx nynnxann CHHPH ne moryr trt
oennent nnn conocrannent. unrarenxm, xoroptm rpeymrcx npemennte
crarncrnuecxne pxt snauenn noxasarenx rpena sa nepnot o 2007 r.,
cneyer oparnrtcx x nporpamme CHHPH n onacrn nocranox opyxnx no nt-
meynomxnyromy apecy.


Hcmo:uuru u oeuru

annte o nocranxax opyxnx conpamrcx ns mnorouncnenntx ncrounn-
xon. Omn xpnrepn nx ncex +rnx ncrounnxon cocronr n rom, uro onn or-
xptrt; r. e. onynnxonant n ocrynnt mnpoxo omecrnennocrn. Onaxo
raxax orxptrax nn]opmannx ne moxer art ncecroponnmm xaprnny mnpontx
nocranox opyxnx. Onynnxonannte coomennx uacro npeocrannxmr nnmt
nenonnym nn]opmannm, n cymecrnennte npornnopeunx mexy nnmn cunra-
mrcx otuntm xnnennem. Hocxontxy nynnuno ocrynno nn]opmannn ne-
ocrarouno nx orcnexnnannx nocranox ncex nnon noopyxennx n npoue
noenno rexnnxn, CHHPH oxnartnaer rontxo rax nastnaemte ocnonnte nn-
t otuntx noopyxenn. art saxason, cpoxn nocranox n rounoe uncno nnn
axe rnn cncremt saxasannoro n nocrannennoro opyxnx nnn nenrnunocrt
nocranmnxon nno nonyuarene npoxcnnrt yaercx ne ncera. Cneonarentno,
cyxennx +xcnepron n paspaorxa nn]opmnponanntx onenox npecrannxmr
coo naxnte +nemenrt n ]opmnponannn ast anntx CHHPH no nocran-
xam opyxnx.


Buoi nocmaeor

Onpeenenne CHHPH nocranox opyxnx oxnartnaer npoaxn opyxnx,
nxnmuax npeocrannenne nnnensn na ero nponsnocrno, a raxxe esnos-
mesnym nomomt, apt, n ntmym uacrt xpenron nnn apenntx orono-
pon. Honyuarenxmn opyxnx onxnt trt noopyxennte cnnt, noennsnponan-
nte ]opmnponannx nnn pasnetnarentnte cnyxt pyro crpant, nenpann-
rentcrnennax noopyxennax rpynnnponxa nnn mexynaponax oprannsannx. B
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 300
rex cnyuaxx xora nocranxn opyxnx nenrn]nnnponant, no nenosmoxno c
npnemnemo crenentm ocronepnocrn nenrn]nnnponart nno nocranmnxa,
nno nonyuarenx, onn perncrpnpymrcx xax nocranxn, nocrynnnmne or nens-
necrntx nocranmnxon nnn nanpannennte nensnecrntm nonyuarenxm.


Tuni eoopy+euu: ocuoeuie euoi ooi:uix eoopy+euu

Fasa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx oxnartnaer nnmt ocnonnte
nnt otuntx noopyxenn, onpeenennte cneymmnm opasom: (a) ont-
max uacrt camoneron (nxnmuax ecnnnornte); (b) ontmax uacrt poneranxo-
no rexnnxn; (c) aprnnnepnx xannpa 100 mm n onee; (d) cncremt naneennx
n PHC (paapt, conapt n mnorne naccnnnte cncremt nanmennx); (e) pa-
xernte cncremt npornnonosymno oopont n xpynnte sennrnte opynx;
(f) ynpannxemte paxert, ropnet, omt n cnapxt; (g) ontmax uacrt xo-
pane; (h) nnrarenn nx camoneron, cnocontx necrn oente ecrnnx n
pyrnx onee xpynntx camoneron, nx oentx xopane n xpynntx ncnomo-
rarentntx xopane n nx poneranxono rexnnxn; (i) ontmax uacrt opyn
nnn ocnamennte paxeramn opynnte amnn nx poneranxono rexnnxn n
xopane; (j) pasnetnarentnte cnyrnnxn; (k) cncremt osanpanxn ronnnnom
n nonere.
Hocrannennte nsennx onxnt ncnontsonartcx n noenntx nenxx. B
cnyuaxx, xora cncrema naneennx nnn PHC, opynnax amnx nnn cncrema
osanpanxn (npemert d, i n k) ycranonnent na nnar]opme (nasemnoe rpanc-
noprnoe cpecrno, camoner nnn xopant), onn perncrpnpymrcx n ase anntx
xax orentnax nocranxa, rontxo ecnn nocrynnnn or nocranmnxa, ornnunoro or
nocranmnxa nnar]opmt.


Horasame.i mpeuoa CHHPH

CHHPH paspaoran ynnxantnym cncremy nx nsmepennx oema nocra-
nox ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn, ncnontsyx omym ennnny no-
xasarent rpena CHHPH. Hoxasarent rpena CHHPH ocnonan na nsnecrntx
yentntx nsepxxax nponsnocrna +ranonnoro naopa noopyxenn n npena-
snauen nx npecrannennx nocranxn noenntx pecypcon, a ne enexno cron-
mocrn nocranxn. Boopyxenne, nsepxxn nponsnocrna xoroporo nensnecrnt,
cpannnnaercx c +ranonntm opyxnem ncxox ns ero pasmepon n rexnnuecxnx
xapaxrepncrnx (nec, cxopocrt, panyc ecrnnx n nonesnax narpysxa); rnna
+nexrponnoro oopyonannx, norpysouno-pasrpysountx npncnoconenn,
nnrarenx, rycennn nnn xonec, noopyxennx n marepnantno uacrn; n, naxo-
nen, roa, n xoropom noopyxenne tno nponsneeno. Ftnmemy n ynorpene-
nnn n pyrnx noopyxenntx cnnax opyxnm npncnannaercx snauenne n pasmepe
40% or snauennx nx nonoro opyxnx; noepxannomy opyxnm, xoropoe tno
nepe nocranxo snaunrentno ononneno nnn mon]nnnponano nocranmn-
xom, npncnannaercx snauenne n pasmepe 66% snauennx nx nonoro opyxnx.
CHHPH paccunrtnaer oem nocranox ncem croponam, or nnx n mexy
nnmn, ncnontsyx snauenne noxasarenx rpena CHHPH n xonnuecrno cncrem
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 301
nnn nocncrem noopyxenn, nocrannenntx n annt ro. 3rn xonnuecrnen-
nte annte npenasnauent nx nonyuennx ome ennnnt nsmepennx ren-
ennnn n noroxax opyxnx n xonxpernte crpant n pernont no xoy npemenn.
Taxnm opasom, rnanntm npnopnrerom xnnxercx oecneuenne roro, urot
cncrema npncnoennx onenox ocrananact nocneonarentno na nporxxennn
npemenn n urot nmte nnecennte nsmenennx npononnnct sannm uncnom.
3nauennx noxasarenx rpena CHHPH ne npecrannxmr enexno cron-
mocrn nocranox noopyxenn. Cneonarentno, nx ne cneyer conocrannxrt c
nanontm nnyrpennnm npoyxrom (BBH), noenntmn pacxoamn, cronmocrtm
npoax nnn enexno cronmocrtm +xcnoprntx nnnensn, ntraxct nsmepnrt
+xonomnuecxoe pemx nmnopra opyxnx nnn +xonomnuecxnx ntro or +xcnop-
ra. Hyume ncero nx ncnontsonart n xauecrne neopaoranntx anntx nx
pacuera renennn n mexynapono ropronne opyxnem sa nepnot npeme-
nn, rnoantntx nponenrntx one nocranmnxon n nonyuarene n nponenr-
ntx one oemon nocranox n orentnte rocyapcrna nnn ns nnx.

BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 302
II. HOHHTHKA B OFHACTH 3KCHOPTA OPYH
B IOCYAPCTBA, 3ATPOHYTIE APAFCKOH BECHOH

Mapx FPOMHH n Hnrep . BE3EMAH

ecrxax peaxnnx na Apacxym necny n 2011 r. n uacrnocrn, cnyuan
cmeprn anrnnpannrentcrnenno nacrpoenntx nporecrymmnx n Faxpene,
Ernnre, Tynnce n Hemene n onee nnrencnnnte noopyxennte xon]nnxrt n
Hnnnn n Cnpnn tna conpxxena c ncnontsonannem ocnonntx nnon otu-
ntx noopyxenn, crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxennx, npnope-
renntx y pxa rocyapcrn-nocranmnxon
1
. Xorx OOH nanoxnna +mapro na
nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm, a Enponecxn coms (EC) n Hnra apacxnx rocy-
apcrn nnenn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm, nnxaxne pyrne mnoro-
croponnne orpannuennx na nocranxn opyxnx rocyapcrnam, oxnauenntm
Apacxo necno, ne ycranannnnannct
2
.
B +rom pasene onnctnamrcx nenocpecrnennax peaxnnx xpynntx no-
cranmnxon na Apacxym necny n ncxyccnn o rom, yanoct nn nx npann-
rentcrnam narn npannntnt ananc mexy coopaxennxmn esonacnocrn,
xommepuecxo ntrot n conmennx npan uenonexa npn npnnxrnn pemenn o
paspemennn nnn sanpere +xcnopra opyxnx. Hecmorpx na mnpoxym xpnrnxy
co cropont rpaxancxoro omecrna n napnamenrapnen no mnornx sanantx
crpanax n ocyxennx mexy rocyapcrnamn, nnnxnne Apacxo necnt na
nonnrnxy rocyapcrn n onacrn +xcnopra opyxnx, xax npecrannxercx, oxasa-
noct orpannuenntm.
Poccnx tna xpynntm nocranmnxom n uertpe rocyapcrna, n nanont-
me crenenn sarponyrtx Apacxo necno: Ernner, Hnnnm, Cnpnm n He-
men (cm. ran. 6.5). Ona crana enncrnenntm xpynntm paccmarpnnaemtm
sect nocranmnxom, xoropt ne enan nynnuntx saxnnenn o nepecmorpe
cnoe nonnrnxn n onacrn +xcnopra opyxnx nnn npnocranonxe nocranox
opyxnx n +ror pernon. B mapre 2011 r. Anaronn Hcaxnn, npexrop Poco-
opon+xcnopra oprannsannn, n neennn xoropo naxonrcx poccncxax
ropronnx opyxnem, saxnnn, uro Apacxax necna ne oxaxer ceptesnoro
nosecrnnx na poccncxn +xcnopr opyxnx, nocxontxy na annt momenr
Poccnx ne nmeer nnxaxnx cenox co crpanamn, oxnauenntmn noccrannxmn,
n nnuno on ne nnnr npnunn nx npnocranonxn npoonxammnxcx poccn-
cxnx nocranox Ernnry
3
. Onaxo, no onenxe onoro ns poccncxnx ncrounn-
xon, Apacxax necna npnneer x romy, uro Poccnx norepxer xonrpaxrt na
npoaxy opyxnx na Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n n Cenepnym A]pnxy na

1
O cotrnxx n +rnx crpanax n 2011 r. cm. pasen I rnant 2 n pasen II rnant 3 nacroxme-
ro nsannx. Cm. raxxe: Vranckx, A., Slijper, F. and Isbister, R., Lessons from MENA: Appraising
EU Transfers of Military and Security Equipment to the Middle East and North Africa (Academia
Press: Gent, Nov. 2011).
2
O +rnx mnorocroponnnx +mapro na nocranxn noopyxenn cm. pasen III rnant 10 na-
croxmero nsannx.
3
Oleg, N., Mideast unrest wont affect Russias arms exports, Voice of Russia, 9 Mar. 2011,
<http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/03/09/47162396.html>.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 303
cymmy 10 mnp onn.
4
Hanpnmep, tno cenano npenonoxenne, uro nnee-
nne +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm n ]enpane 2011 r., xoropoe
Poccnx noepxana, npnneno x romy, uro Poccnx norepxna xonrpaxrt cronmo-
crtm 4 mnp onn.
5
B 2011 r. noxnnnnct nexoropte npnsnaxn roro, uro Poccnx
moxer nsnneut ntroy ns nneennx npannrentcrnamn CBA n crpan 3anano
Enpont orpannuenn na nocranxn rocyapcrnam, oxnauenntm Apacxo
necno.

Tannna 6.5. Hoc1anmnxn ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyaennn
n rocyapc1na, sa1pony1me Apacxon necnon, n 20072011 rr.
Ocnonnme noc1anmnxn (onn n noc1anxax nonyua1enm, %)
Honyua1ent
onn n un-
ponou ose-
ue noc1anox
opyann (%)
1-n 2-n 3-n
Faxpen 0.10 CBA (73%) Fentrnx (12%) Oennennte Apacxne
3mnpart (11%)
Ernner 1.81 CBA (52%) Poccnx (28%) Knra (6%)
Hnnnx 0.05 Poccnx (63%) Hrannx (22%) upannnx (15%)
Cnpnx 0.81 Poccnx (78%) Fenapyct (17%) Hpan (5%)
Tynnc 0.01 CBA (100%)
Hemen 0.40 Fenapyct (37%) Yxpanna (23%) Poccnx (18%)
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/ armstransfers>.

Ha nporxxennn 2011 r. Poccnx ntcrynana npornn npnstnon CBA, 3a-
nano Enpont n Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn nnecrn canxnnn OOH, nxnmuax
+mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, n ornomennn Cnpnn
6
. Ono ns rnanntx npn-
unn, oxcnxmmnx nosnnnm Poccnn, xnnxercx ro, uro, no mnennm Poccnn,
pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH 1970 n 1973 no Hnnnn sanoxnnn oc-
nony nx cment pexnma n cnococrnonann ycnnennm pernonantno necra-
nntnocrn n uro canxnnn OOH no Cnpnn npnneyr x rem xe pesyntraram
7
.
Kpome roro, naxoxenne n Cnpnn enncrnenno noenno ast Poccnn sa
npeenamn reppnropnn tnmero Conercxoro Comsa, n nopry Tapryc, n sa-
xnmuennte mexy +rnmn nymx crpanamn cenxn na nocranxy opyxnx
(cm. pasen I) cnyxar naxntmn npnsnaxamn poccncxo-cnpncxoro crparern-
uecxoro naprnepcrna.
CBA tnn ocnonntm nocranmnxom opyxnx rpem rocyapcrnam, n nan-
ontme crenenn sarponyrtm Apacxo necno: Faxpeny, Ernnry n Tynn-
cy (cm. ran. 6.5). Hsnauantno noepxnnax ntne cymecrnymmne pexnmt n
Ernnre n Tynnce, CBA ntpasnnn noepxxy nnxennxm n samnry emoxpa-
rnn n Hnnnn n Cnpnn n npnsnann x nanoxennm mnorocroponnnx +mapro na

4
Russia risks losing $10 bn arms sales from Arab unrest, Middle East Online, 22 Feb.
2011, <http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/? id=44527>.
5
Russia could lose $4 bn in Libya arms deals, Agence France-Presse, 27 Feb. 2011.
6
Cm. pasen III rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
7
Meyer, H., Russia warns Assad ouster may trigger collapse, Mideast unrest, Bloomberg, 23
Aug. 2011, <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-23/russia-warns-assad-ouster-may-trigger- col-
lapse- mideast-unrest.html>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 304
nocranxn opyxnx n +rn crpant
8
. B nauane 2011 r., xora nonnrnuecxoe non
n unent Konrpecca CBA npnsnann ocymecrnnxrt nocranxn opyxnx n oxasa-
nne noenno nomomn apacxnm rocyapcrnam n sanncnmocrt or ynaxennx
npan uenonexa n nnx, npannrentcrno CBA ormernno, uro ono npnocranonnno
px nocranox opyxnx n nepecmarpnnaer cnom nonnrnxy n onacrn +xcnopra
opyxnx n npeocrannennx noenno nomomn
9
. K xonny roa +ror nepecmorp
npnnen x onee cepxanno nonnrnxe no ornomennm x nexoroptm rocyap-
crnam (nanpnmep, Faxpeny) n onee orpannuenntm nepemenam n pyrnx
cnyuaxx (nanpnmep, n ornomennn Ernnra).
B cnyuae Faxpena CBA npoxnnnn xenanne nepecmorpert nocranxn
opyxnx, necmorpx na annne noennte ornomennx, cnxstnammne +rn ne
crpant. B Faxpene pacnonaraercx mra Hxroro ]nora CBA, n +ra crpana
nastnanact onnm ns naxntx comsnnxon sa npeenamn HATO
10
. Faxpen no-
nyuan noennym nomomt ns CBA n noxynan amepnxancxym noennym rexnnxy
n reuenne necxontxnx ecxrnnern. Amepnxancxne nocranxn opyxnx Faxpe-
ny, xax coomanoct, crann nepecmarpnnartcx nesamennrentno nocne nonn-
rnuecxnx nonnenn, nauanmnxcx ram n ]enpane 2011 r.
11
Tem ne menee n cen-
rxpe 2011 r. Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA oxnnno o nnanax npoart Fax-
peny 44 nerxnx ponerpancnoprepa M-1151A1B2 c npornnoranxontmn
paxeramn, yrnepxax, uro +ro noopyxenne neoxonmo crpane nx oopont
or nnemnnx npornnnnxon, n uacrnocrn, or Hpana
12
. Ipaxancxoe omecrno n
unent Konrpecca CBA pacxpnrnxonann +rn nnant, n cenxa tna ornoxena
npannrentcrnom o noxnnennx pesyntraron paccneonannx n Faxpene npe-
nonaraemtx napymenn npan uenonexa axpencxnmn npannrentcrnenntmn
cnnamn
13
.
Hocne nonncannx n 1979 r. ernnercxo-nspanntcxoro mnpnoro corname-
nnx CBA noepxnnann recnte noennte ornomennx c Ernnrom n n nepno
19792011 rr. tnn ero xpynnemnm nocranmnxom opyxnx, namnoro onepe-

8
Cm., nanpnmep: White House, Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Af-
rica, 19 May 2011, <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-
middle-east-and-north-africa>. CBA c 1979 r. noepxnnamr onocroponnee +mapro na no-
cranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm, nneennoe na ocnone roro, uro, no onenxam CBA, Cnpnx cnoncnpy-
er reppopncrnuecxym exrentnocrt. Sharp, J. M. and Blanchard, C. M., Unrest in Syria and
U. S. Sanctions against the Asad Regime, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Con-
gress RL33487 (US Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 9 Nov. 2011), p. 13.
9
Saine, C., Experts say US should link military aid to Egypt to democratic transition, Voice of
America, 9 Feb. 2011, <http://www.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Experts-say-US-Should-
Link-Military-Aid-to-Egypt-to-Democratic-Transition-115664839.html>; Entous, A., U.S. re-
views arms sales amid turmoil, Wall Street Journal, 23 Feb. 2011; Brannen, K., U.S. rethinks
Mideast arms sales, Defense News, 12 May 2011; n Shapiro, A. J., Assistant Secretary, US De-
partment of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, Defense trade advisory group plenary,
Remarks, 3 May 2011, <http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/rm/162479.htm>.
10
Katzman, K., Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U. S. Policy, Congressional Research Service
(CRS) Report for Congress 951013 (US Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 29 Dec. 2011),
pp. 1824.
11
Entous (cnocxa 9).
12
US Department of State, Daily press briefing, 14 Oct. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/
prs/dpb/2011/10/175530.htm>.
13
Katzman (cnocxa 10), pp. 2223.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 305
xax nce pyrne crpant. B ]enpane 2011 r. Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA or-
mernno, uro xorx ono n nepecmorpeno nocranxn opyxnx n Ernner, no ne nna-
nnpyer npexpamart nx
14
. B reuenne ncero 2011 r. CBA npoonxnnn nocran-
nxrt Ernnry opyxne, nxnmuax cnapxxenne nx optt c ynronmnxamn, n
oopnnn npoaxy emy 125 ranxon M-1A1
15
. Amnnncrpannx CBA nouep-
xnnana crparernuecxoe snauenne ernnercxo-amepnxancxnx noenntx ornome-
nn n yrnepxana, uro ernnercxax apmnx n reuenne 2011 r. nrpana crannnsn-
pymmym pont
16
. B exape 2011 r. npesnenr Fapax Oama nonncan saxono-
npoexr o npeocrannennn Ernnry nomomn no nnnnn nnocrpannoro noennoro
]nnancnponannx n oeme o 1.3 mnp onn. n amepnxancxom 2012 ]nn. r.,
npn ycnonnn, uro Ernner nponeer cnoonte n uecrnte ntopt n oecne-
unr nanexamn nponecc n cnooy nonensxnnennx n acconnann
17
.
B reuenne 2011 r. cpecrna maccono nn]opmannn, rpaxancxoe ome-
crno n napnamenrapnn xpnrnxonann nexoropte rocyapcrna unent EC sa nx
+xcnopr opyxnx n crpant, sarponyrte Apacxo necno. 3rn eart n
snaunrentno crenenn orpannunnannct nonpocamn ornocnrentno roro, xax
rocyapcrna peannsymr Omym nosnnnm EC no +xcnopry opyxnx 2008 r., xo-
ropax tna nanpannena na rapmonnsannm nonnrnxn n onacrn +xcnopra opy-
xnx rocyapcrnamn-unenamn n coornercrnnn c cornaconanntmn mnnnmant-
ntmn cranapramn, n rom uncne n onacrxx npan uenonexa n mexynaponoro
rymannrapnoro npana
18
. Coner EC nanoxnn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n
na rocyapcrna, sarponyrtx Apacxo necno: Hnnnm n Cnpnm
19
. B reue-
nne 2011 r. rocyapcrna unent EC ocyxann raxxe +xcnopr opyxnx n ro-
cyapcrna, sarponyrte Apacxo necno, na ncex saceannxx Conera pao-
ue rpynnt no +xcnopry otunoro noopyxennx ]opyme, na xoropom rocy-
apcrna ocyxamr ntnonnenne Ome nosnnnn EC
20
.
Ha nannonantnom yponne rocyapcrna unent EC npononnn pasnnu-
nym nonnrnxy, npnuem px rocyapcrn npnocranannnnann nnn orstnann +xc-
noprnte nnnensnn na nocranxy no orentntm cenxam nnn orentntm xo-
neuntm nontsonarenxm. K 3 mapry 2011 r. pnrancxoe npannrentcrno orosna-

14
No plans to halt US military aid to Egypt: Pentagon, Agence France-Presse, 3 Feb. 2011.
15
USA repeatedly shipped arms supplies to Egyptian security forces, Amnesty International,
7 Dec. 2011, <http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/usa-repeatedly-shipped-arms-supplies-egyptian-security-
forces-2011-12-06>.
16
Clinton, H. R., US Secretary of State, Remarks with Egyptian foreign minister Mohamed
Kamel Amr after their meeting, 28 Sep. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2011/09/174550.htm>.
17
Sharp, J. M., Egypt in Transition, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Con-
gress RL33003 (US Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 18 Nov. 2011), p. 20; Egypt risks losing
military aid after conducting raids on international NGOs, Agence France-Presse, 31 Dec. 2011; n
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, US Public Law 112-74, signed into law 23 Dec. 2011,
<http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z? d112: HR02055:>.
18
Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008 defining common rules
governing control of exports of military technology and equipment, Official Journal of the Euro-
pean Union, L335, 8 Dec. 2008. Cm. raxxe: Bromley, M., The review of the EU Common Posi-
tion on arms exports: prospects for strengthened controls, Non-proliferation Papers no. 7, EU
Non-proliferation Consortium, Jan. 2012, <http://www.nonproliferation.eu/activities/activities.php>,
pp. 1213.
19
Cm. pasen III rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
20
Bromley (cnocxa 18), p. 13.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 306
no 122 nnnensnn na +xcnopr opyxnx Faxpeny (23 nnnensnn), Ernnry (36 nn-
nensn), Hnnnn (62 nnnensnn) n Tynncy (1 nnnensnx)
21
. upannnx n xnnape
npnocranonnna ntauy nnnensn na +xcnopr noenno rexnnxn n Ernner, a n
]enpane n Faxpen n Hnnnm, n saxnnna, uro tnn ocranonnent nce nocran-
xn npanooxpannrentntm opranam n nocranxn nsptnuartx nemecrn
22
. Iepma-
nnx n mapre 2011 r. npnocranonnna ntauy +xcnoprntx nnnensn na nocranxy
noenno rexnnxn Faxpeny, Hnnnn n Tynncy
23
. Hoono pxy pyrnx crpan
EC ona ne pacnonaraer saxpennenntmn n nannonantnom saxonoarentcrne
neoxonmtmn nonnomounxmn nx npnocranonxn nnn orstna nnnensn
24
.
Onaxo, cornacno onomy onxnocrnomy nnny, Iepmannx oparnnact x xom-
nannxm, nmemmnm coornercrnymmne nnnensnn na +xcnopr n crpant pernona,
c npocto ne ncnontsonart nx o rex nop, noxa onn ne yyr nepecmorpent
n cnere rexymero nonoxennx
25
.
Cotrnx na Fnnxnem n Cpenem Bocroxe n n Cenepno A]pnxe raxxe
noynnn necxontxo rocyapcrn unenon EC nepecmorpert nexoropte acnex-
rt nponeypy +xcnopra opyxnx. Fpnrancxoe npannrentcrno oxnnno o na-
mepennn npeycmorpert n saxone nonte nonnomounx, xoropte nosnonxr npn-
ocranannnnart nnnensnponanne +xcnopra n crpant, nepexnnammne pesxoe
yxymenne cnryannn n onacrn esonacnocrn nnn cranntnocrn, a raxxe
cosart nonte cncremt copa nn]opmannn nx onenxn pncxa ntaun +xc-
noprntx nnnensn
26
. Bmecre c rem ntaua nnnensn na +xcnopr opyxnx n
crpant, re nmenn mecro snoynorpenennx, nanpnmep n Faxpen, npoonxa-
nact
27
. Taxnm opasom, rax xe xax n n cnyuae c Poccne n CBA, nourn ner npn-
snaxon roro, uro rocyapcrna unent EC, xnnxmmnecx xpynntmn +xcnopre-
pamn opyxnx na Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n n Cenepnym A]pnxy raxne,
xax upannnx n Bennxopnrannx, npoxnnxmr roronnocrt nanecrn ymep
cnonm nnrepecam pan crpororo cneonannx xpnrepnxm conmennx npan ue-
nonexa n mexynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana.
Ftcrpo pasnnnammaxcx rypenxax noennax npomtmnennocrt axrnnno sa-
nnmanact npoaxamn opyxnx na Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox n n Cenepnym
A]pnxy
28
. B reuenne 20072011 rr. rypenxne xomnannn moepnnsnponann

21
British House of Commons, Arms trade: exports, Written answers, Hansard, 9 Mar. 2011,
column 1173W.
22
Les ventes darmes franaises l'Egypte sont suspendues depuis le 27 janvier, selon
Matignon [French arms sales to Egypt have been suspended since January 27, according to
Matignon], Le Monde, 5 Feb. 2011; n France: export of weapons to Libya and Bahrain sus-
pended, ANSAmed, 18 Feb. 2011, <http://ansamed.biz/en/francia/news/ME.XEF57063.html>.
23
EU schickt Erkundungsteam nach Libyen [EU sends assessment team to Libya], Welt
Online, 6 Mar. 2011, <http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article12710946/EU-schickt-Erkundung
steam-nach-Libyen.html>.
24
Bromley (cnocxa 18), p. 14.
25
Hemenxoe onxnocrnoe nnno, nnrepntm c anropom, 2 exapx 2011 r.
26
British House of Commons, FCO review of export policy, Written ministerial statements,
Hansard, 13 Oct. 2011, columns 41WS42WS.
27
Bahrain receives military equipment from UK despite violent crackdown, The Guardian,
14 Feb. 2012.
28
O rypenxo noenno npomtmnennocrn cm.: Jackson, S. T., Arms production, SIPRI
Yearbook 2011, pp. 244247.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 307
cornn ponerpancnoprepon M-113 n Cayoncxo Apannn n nocrannnn rpana-
romert n Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart n poneranxonym rexnnxy n
Faxpen. B 2011 r. Typnnx npepnana cnon npexe pyxecrnennte ornomennx
c Cnpne n crana nrpart neymym pont n ocyxennn npnmenennx npannrent-
crnom Cnpnn cnnt nx noannennx emoncrpann n n noranxnnannn x same-
ne npannrentcrna. B anrycre 2011 r. Typnnx npnocranonnna nocranxn noen-
no rexnnxn n Cnpnm, n rom uncne n sannannponannym npoaxy noenntx
panocrannn n mantx narpyntntx xarepon
29
. B noxpe ona nornepnna +m-
apro n sanpernna nce nocranxn noopyxenn n Cnpnm uepes Typnnm
30
. Ho
ornomennm x pyrnm nonyuarenxm n +rom pernone cnom nonnrnxy n onacrn
+xcnopra opyxnx ona ne menxna
31
.


29
Sk, B., Ankara projeleri donduruyor [Ankara freezes projects], Cumhuriyet, 17 Aug.
2011.
30
Turkey announces economic sanctions package against Syria, Todays Zaman, 30 Nov.
2011.
31
Enginsoy, U. and Bekdil, B. E., Business as usual for Turkish firms in Mideast, Defense
News, 7 Mar. 2011, p. 7.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 308
III. MOPCKOE H3MEPEHHE HOCTABOK BOOPYEHHH
B RIO-BOCTOuHYR A3HR B 20072011 rr.

Cnmon T. BE3EMAH

Oem nocranox noopyxenn n Rro-Bocrounym Asnm sa nepno 2007
2011 rr. tn nourn na 200% ntme, uem n 20022006 rr., uro osnauaer cymecr-
nenno onee ntcoxn pocr no cpannennm c mnpontm cpennm ynennuennem
na 24%. Oem nmnopra n pernone n 20072011 rr. tn camtm ntcoxnm no
cpannennm c nmtm nxrnnernnm nepnoom nocne oxonuannx Bropo nont n
Hnoxnrae (nont no Btername) n 1975 r. Ocoenno samerno ynennunncx
oem nmnopra Hnonesnn, Manasnn, Cnnranypa n Bternama (cm. ran. 6.6),
xoropte n 20072011 rr. npnopenn nnn saxasann cymecrnennte no xonnue-
crny nnn xauecrny naprnn noenno-mopcxnx nnar]opm n nepeontx oentx
camoneron. B +rom pasene ocnonnoe nnnmanne yenxercx nmnopry n pasme-
menntm y nnocrpanntx nocranmnxon saxasam +rnx uertpex crpan n eme
nyx rocyapcrn, nmemmnx ntxo x Rxno-Knracxomy mopm, Fpynex-
apyccanama n unnnnnnn, cnxsanntm c oecneuennem mopcxo esonacno-
crn. Cnauana nccneymrcx oocnonannocrt n mornnt +rnx saxynox, a sarem
nopono paccmarpnnamrcx camn saxynxn n 20072011 rr.
1

Fontmax uacrt saxynox opyxnx +rnmn mecrtm rocyapcrnamn npnxon-
nact na noenno-mopcxoe noopyxenne: xopann n pyroe noopyxenne, cnoco-
noe ntnonnxrt saaun na mope, cocrannxnn 52% conoxynnoro oema nocra-
nox sa nepno 20072011 rr. Ha nocranxn camoneron, paxer x nnm n panono-
xannonntx crannn, npenasnauenntx nx onapyxennx n nopaxennx
mopcxnx, a raxxe cyxonyrntx nene, npnmnoct eme 37%. uacro +ro nnont
saxynnennoe opyxne npecrannxer coo nepeonte cncremt c cymecrnenno
ontmnm panycom oentx ecrnn no cpannennm c remn, uro cocroxnn na
noopyxennn o neannero npemenn. Boenno-mopcxax rexnnxa raxxe npeona-
aer n yxe pasmemenntx, no eme ne ntnonnenntx saxasax, n n oxnnenntx
nnanax saxynox opyxnx. Hnonesnx, unnnnnnnt n Bternam, onaammne
snaunrentntmn sanacamn ycrapenmero n n nexoroptx cnyuaxx nsnomennoro
opyxnx, oxnnnn o nnanax ero sament
2
. Taxnm opasom, nnt noopyxennx,
saxynnennoro n 20072011 rr., sacrannxmr npenonoxnrt, uro camtm naxntm
]axropom, onpeenxmmnm nnt n oemt opyxnx, n xoropom sannrepecona-
nt rocyapcrna, pacnonoxennte na eperax Rxno-Knracxoro mopx, xnnx-
mrcx coopaxennx oecneuennx mopcxo esonacnocrn.


1
B annom pasene ne paccmarpnnaercx nmnopr Kamoxn, Haoca, Mtxnmt, Tannana n
Bocrounoro Tnmopa.
2
Hanpnmep, 9 ns 12 ]peraron n narpyntnte cya eperono oxpant noenno-mopcxoro
]nora unnnnnnn tnn nocrpoent onee 75 ner nasa, a n Hnonesnn cntme 50% nxnmuen-
ntx n cocran noenno-mopcxoro ]nora xopane n cyon n 2008 r. nyxannct n cpounom pe-
monre, nx roro urot ocranartcx n crpom. Saunders, S. (ed.), Janes Fighting Ships 20112012
(Janes Information Group: London, 2011), pp. 612614; n Supriyanto, R. A., Naval modernisa-
tion: a sea change for Indonesia, The Nation (Bangkok), 30 Jan. 2012.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 309
Tannna 6.6. Hoc1anmnxn ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyaennn
Bpynem apyccanauy, Hnonesnn, Manansnn, mnnnnnnnau, Cnnranypy
n Bte1nauy n 20072011 rr.
Ocnonnme noc1anmnxn n 20072011 rr.
(onn n noc1anxax nonyua1enm, %)
Honyua1ent
onn n
unponou
oseue
noc1anox
opyann
(%)
Hsuenenne
(%) n oseue
noc1anox,
20022006 rr.
x 2007
2011 rr.
1-n 2-n 3-n
Fpyne- 0.2 10333 Iepmannx (82%) upannnx (6%) annx (4%),
apyccanam Hnepnant (4%)
Hnonesnx 1.3 144 Hnepnant (35%) Poccnx (26%) Rxnax Kopex (22%)
Manasnx 2.4 281 Poccnx (42%) Iepmannx (21%) upannnx (12%)
unnnnnnnt 0.1 20 CBA (90%) Hrannx (4%) Bennxopnrannx (3%)
Cnnranyp 4.0 293 CBA (62%) upannnx (39%) Iepmannx (8%)
Bternam 1.1 80 Poccnx (97%) Yxpanna (1%) Pymtnnx (<0.5%)
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/
armstransfers>.

Mopcxan esonacnoc1t n Kro-Boc1ounon Asnn

Mornnt saxynox opyxnx ontmnncrnom crpan Rro-Bocrouno Asnn
uacro ne nmemr nnxrnoro oxcnennx axe n rex cnyuaxx, xora nynnxymrcx
o]nnnantnte oxymenrt no ooponno nonnrnxe nnn noenntm mxeram.
3ro nnonne oxnaemo, noynrentntmn mornnamn xnnxmrcx nonnrnuecxoe
nnnxnne noenntx (n Hnonesnn n, nepoxrno, raxxe no Btername), nanno-
nantnax ropocrt n conepnnuecrno c pyrnmn crpanamn Rro-Bocrouno
Asnn
3
. Onaxo n oxymenrax n saxnnennxx o]nnnantntx nnn, xacammnxcx
nonnrnxn n onacrn oopont n esonacnocrn, npocnexnnaercx nexenanne
nastnart xaxym-nno xonxpernym crpany n xauecrne ocnonno yrpost nnn
nnrarenx, ronxammero x saxynxam opyxnx. B nocnennx Fentx xnnrax no
nonpocam oopont, onynnxonanntx Fpyneem, Hnonesne n Bternamom,
nouepxnnamrcx nponemt oecneuennx mopcxo esonacnocrn, oycnonnen-
nte nnparcrnom, nesaxonntm nonom ptt n reppopnsmom
4
. 3axynxn Hnone-
sne n Manasne cropoxentx cyon nx narpynnponannx mopcxnx rpannn
raxxe moryr trt cnxsant c nponemamn noonoro poa. Onaxo Fente
xnnrn n onacrn oopont n nonnrnuecxne saxnnennx ntcneunnamr, cpen
npouero, cnopt no nonoy cynepennrera na ocrponamn n ocrponxamn n mop-
cxnx npan n Rxno-Knracxom mope, n xoropte nrxnyrt raxxe Knra n Ta-
nant (cm. pnc. 6.2). ononnnrentnym ocrpory +rnm pasnornacnxm npnamr

3
McBeth, J., Arms-wrestling in Indonesia, Asia Times Online, 28 Jan. 2012, <http://www.
atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/NA28Ae01.html>; n Anderson, G., Growing and evolving,
Janes Defence Weekly, 18 Jan. 2012, pp. 2832.
4
Cm., nanpnmep: Bruneian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Defence White Paper 2011 (MOD:
Bolkiah Garrison, 2011); Indonesian Ministry of Defence, BukuPutihPertahanan Indonesia 2008
[Indonesia defence white paper 2008] (MOD: Jakarta, 2008); n Vietnamese Ministry of National
Defence (MND), Vietnam National Defence (MND: Hanoi, Dec. 2009).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 310
nannune ne]rn n npnponoro rasa n cnopntx paonax n oxnanne orxptrnx
ram nontx xpynntx mecropoxenn n yymem
5
. B cnopntx noax pernona
yxe nmenn mecro mnorouncnennte manonnrencnnnte cronxnonennx na mope
mexy oentmn xopanxmn, narpyntntmn cyamn eperono oxpant n rpax-
ancxnmn cyamn, nxnmuax nnnnenrt mexy Knraem n Hnonesne, un-
nnnnnnamn n Bternamom n 2010 n 2011 rr.
6






















Pnc. 6.2. Kap1a Kro-Boc1ounon Asnn

Xorx nce npannrentcrna, nonneuennte n raxne xon]ponrannn, nouepxn-
namr neoxonmocrt noncxa mnpntx pemenn, moepnnsann nx noopyxen-
ntx cnn no mnorom nosnonnna t nm necrn neperonopt no mopcxnm cnopam c
nosnnnn nexoropo cnnt. 3rn saxynxn cnxsant c moepnnsanne noopyxen-
ntx cnn no nce Asnn n npexe ncero n Knrae. B ro xe camoe npemx nospac-
ramr sannrepeconannocrt n npncyrcrnne n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn Ancrpannn,
nonnn, Hnnn, Rxno Kopen n Coennenntx Braron. 3rn ]axropt ntst-
namr pacrymee ecnoxocrno ornocnrentno nontmennx nepoxrnocrn nnnn-
enron na mope, xax cnyuantx, rax n npenamepenntx, mexy nce onee n

5
Onenxn sanacon ne]rn n Rxno-Knracxom mope naptnpymrcx or 28 mnp appene o
213 mnp appene. US Energy Information Administration, South China Sea, Analysis brief,
Mar. 2008, <http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm? fips=SCS>. 3anact ne]rn nnmt
na onom neontmom mopcxom yuacrxe, ocnapnnaemom Fpyneem n Manasne, onennnamrcx n
14 mnp appene ome cronmocrtm, nosmoxno, npentmamme 100 mnp onn. Tempest in
the South China Sea, Asia Sentinel, 14 June 2010, <http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?op-
tion=com_content&task=view&id=2530>.
6
Jamaluddin, J. M., US reinforce AsiaPacific presence, Asian Defence Journal, Dec. 2011,
p. 5; Associated Press, US assures Manila of 2nd warship amid Spratys row, Philippine Daily
Inquirer, 17 Nov. 2011; n Supriyanto (cnocxa 2).
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 311
onee rexnnuecxn noopyxenntmn yuacrnnxamn. Xorx n pernone nmemrcx
nnomaxn nx neennx nanora, nxnmuax npeocrannxemym Acconnanne
rocyapcrn Rro-Bocrouno Asnn (ACEAH), ecrnenntx cornamenn no
npeornpamennm menxnx nnnnenron, xoropte moryr nepepacrn n nesanna-
nnponannte noopyxennte cronxnonennx, nourn ner
7
.
Camn no cee saxynxn opyxnx n, xax cnecrnne, ynennuenne noenntx
norennnanon n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn ne cront pamarnunt. Mnorne crpant n
+rom pernone xnnxmrcx xpynntmn, n no+romy nosnonnrentno yrnepxart,
uro nm rpeymrcx snaunrentnte noopyxennte cnnt nx narpynnponannx n
samnrt cnonx reppnropn. Tem ne menee noopyxennte cnnt rocyapcrn
Rro-Bocrouno Asnn ornocnrentno nenennxn. Hanpnmep, nx narpynnpona-
nnx n samnrt cnonx npnmepno 18 000 ocrponon, paspocanntx na reppnro-
pnn, conocrannmo c Enpono, Hnonesnx pacnonaraer 31 oentm xopanem
noonsmemennem cntme 500 r (conoxynntm noonsmemennem 38 000 r) n 50
oentmn camoneramn
8
. nx cpannennx: Hnepnant, manax enponecxax
crpana, nmeer 10 oentx xopane (conoxynntm noonsmemennem 30 000 r) n
72 oentx camonera, n ncx +ra rexnnxa xnnxercx ropaso onee nepeono,
nexenn ontmnncrno xopane n camoneron Hnonesnn
9
.

Hoc1anxn opyann, cnnsannme c uopcxon esonacnoc1tm

CBA xnnxmrcx xpynnemnm nocranmnxom opyxnx n Rro-Bocrounym
Asnm. Onn pacmnpnnn xonraxrt c rocyapcrnamn n +rom pernone n npoemon-
crpnponann ontmym roronnocrt npoanart nnn axe nepeanart opyxne cno-
nm comsnnxam ram. 3ro oxcnxercx nx nontmenntm nnnmannem x Asnarcxo-
Tnxooxeancxomy pernony n nospacramme noenno momtm Knrax
10
. Hpecran-
nxercx, uro pyrne rocyapcrna-nocranmnxn cranxr onee orpannuennte
crparernuecxne nenn nocranox opyxnx n pernon; onn paccmarpnnamr renen-
nnn n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn xax noxnnenne nosmoxnocre nx npoax. Ho-
cranmnxn nce ontme crpemxrcx yonnernopnrt rpeonannx rocyapcrn Rro-
Bocrouno Asnn o mnpoxo nepeaue rexnonorn n pamxax cenox c opyxnem
nnn cosannn naprnepcrn nx paspaorxn nontx cncrem noopyxenn
11
.

7
Hanpnmep, Knra n rocyapcrna unent ACEAH cornaconann mpnnuecxn ne oxst-
nammym exnapannm o noneennn cropon n Rxno-Knracxom mope, nonncannym 4 noxpx
2002 r., <http://www.asean.org/13163.htm>. Cm. raxxe: Jamaluddin (cnocxa 6). Kparxoe onnca-
nne n nepeuent unenon ACEAH, pernonantnoro ]opyma ACEAH n ACEAH nnmc rpn n Boc-
rounoasnarcxoro cammnra cm. n ononnennn B nacroxmero nsannx.
8
Saunders (cnocxa 2), pp. 353369; n International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), The
Military Balance 2011 (Routledge: London, 2011), pp. 244.
9
ed. Saunders (cnocxa 2), pp. 549561; n International Institute for Strategic Studies (cnocxa
8), p. 131.
10
B xnnape 2012 r. CBA oxnnnn o nsmenennn ananca amepnxancxnx noopyxenntx
cnn n nontsy Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxoro pernona. US Department of Defense (DOD), Sustaining
U. S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense (DOD: Washington, DC, Jan. 2012),
p. 2; n Billo, A., The risks of Americas Asia strategy, CNN, 6 Jan. 2012 <http://edition.cnn.
com/2012/01/06/opinion/billo-asia-us/index.html>.
11
Grevatt, J., France, Germany, UK seek more defence ties with Southeast Asia, Janes De-
fence Weekly, 30 Nov. 2011, p. 19; Indonesia boosting international defense cooperation, Antara
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 312
B 20072011 rr. Cnnranyp tn xpynnemnm nmnoprepom n pernone oc-
nonntx nnon noopyxenn (cm. ran. 6.6) na camom ene, on sannman nxroe
mecro cpen xpynnemnx mnpontx nmnoprepon, n ceuac onaaer nano-
nee ocnamenntmn n camtmn oecnocontmn cnnamn n pernone. B reuenne
20072011 rr. on nmnoprnponan mecrt ]peraron La Fayette ns upannnn;
uertpe camonera antnero panonoxannonnoro onapyxennx n ynpannennx
G-550 ns Hspannx; mecrt npornnonoountx neproneron SH-60B n 19 ns 24
saxasanntx oentx camoneron F-15E n npenasnauennte nx nnx nepeonte
paxert xnacca nosyxnosyx n nosyxsemnx ns CBA; n nepnym ns
nyx nonontx noox Vstergotland ns Bnennn. B 2011 r. Cnnranyp ox-
nnn o nnanax npnopecrn 40 nontx oentx camoneron, nosmoxno, F-35A, no-
crannxemtx CBA, uertpe nononte noxn n pasnetnarentnte camonert.
B reuenne 20072011 rr. Manasnx nonyunna 18 oentx camoneron Cy-
30 c nepeontmn paxeramn xnacca nosyxnosyx n nosyxsemnx ns
Poccnn, mecrt ]peraron MEKO A-100 ns Iepmannn, n ne nononte noxn
Scorpene, conmecrno nocrannxemtx upannne n Hcnanne. B 2010 r. Ma-
nasnx pasmecrnna n Rxno Kopee saxas na na narpyntntx cyna eperono
oxpant. 3annannponannte saxynxn crpant raxxe cnxsant c ntnonnennem
oentx saau na mope. B 2011 r. ona nornepnna nnant no saxynxe mecrn
]peraron n x xonny 2011 r., noxoxe, ocranonnna cno ntop na ]pannyscxom
Gowind
12
. Ona raxxe nornepnna cnon nnant saxynnrt 1218 oentx ca-
moneron c nosmoxnocrtm nanecennx yapon no nasemntm n mopcxnm nenxm
13
.
Manasnx raxxe nmeer nnant npnopecrn o 30 mopcxnx neproneron, onon-
nnrentnte nononte noxn n eme mecrt ]peraron
14
. Onaxo +rn ee nnant
moryr peannsonartcx ne nonnocrtm. Hanpnmep, n 2012 r. noopyxennte cnnt
Manasnn, xax oxnanoct, nonyuar nnmt 30% or cymmt sanpomennoro m-
xera na saxynxn
15
.
Hnonesnx n reuenne 20072011 rr. nonyunna uertpe ]perara SIGMA-
90 ns Hnepnanon, uertpe ecanrntx neproneronocna LPD-122m ns Rx-
no Kopen n mecrt oentx camoneron Cy-27 n Cy-30MK ns Poccnn. Ona
raxxe nonyunna npornnoxopaentnte paxert xonr ns Poccnn nx moep-
nnsannn mecrn ]peraron n npornnoxopaentnte paxert C-705 n C-802 ns
Knrax nx tcrpoxontx yapntx xarepon cocrnennoro nponsnocrna. B
Hnepnanax tn saxasan ]perar SIGMA-105, xoropt yer crponrtcx n
Hnonesnn; nepoxrno, nnocnecrnnn Hnonesnx na rex xe ycnonnxx saxaxer

News, 21 Sep. 2011 <http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/75872/indonesia-boosting-international-
defense-cooperation>; Vietnam, Singapore hold 4th defense dialogue, Talk Vietnam, <http://
talkvietnam.com/2012/01/vietnam-singapore-hold-4th-defense-dialogue/>; Anderson, G., Grow-
ing and evolving, Janes Defence Weekly, 18 Jan. 2012, pp. 2832; n Grevatt, J., Malaysia plans
export promotion agency in UKTI mould, Janes Defence Weekly, 19 Oct. 2011, p. 20.
12
Mahadzir, D., Acquisition strategy, Janes Defence Weekly, 23 Nov. 2011, pp. 3032; n
Des Gowind bientt commandes par la Malaisie? [Gowinds soon ordered by Malaysia?], Mer&
Marine, 9 Dec. 2011.
13
Mahadzir (cnocxa 12); n Waldron, G., LIMA: Eurofighter, Rafale raise stakes in Malaysian
fighter contest, Flight International, 6 Dec. 2011.
14
Interview: Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Jaafar, Chief of Navy, RMN, Asian Defence Jour-
nal, Dec. 2011, pp. 1216.
15
Mahadzir (cnocxa 12), p. 30.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 313
eme 16 ]peraron
16
. B 2011 r. tn nonncan saxas na rpn nononte noxn
npoexra 209 ns Rxno Kopen n na mecrt oentx camoneron Cy-30MK2 (nep-
cnx, npncnoconennax nx yapon no mopcxnm nenxm) ns Poccnn. B nocne-
nne rot Hnonesnx oxnnna o snaunrentntx nnanax no saxynxe nonoro
opyxnx, no mnorne ns nnx tnn ornoxent ns-sa nponem c ]nnancnponann-
em
17
. pyrne xe nnant npocro nepeanncrnunt, nanpnmep, nnant npnopecrn
cntme 100 oentx xopane n 150 narpyntntx n ncnomorarentntx cyon,
xoropte onxnt norn n crpo x 2024 r., nnn 180 oentx camoneron Cy-27 n
Cy-30
18
. Onaxo noennte pacxot na saxynxn onxnt tnn c 2010 r. nauart
cymecrnenno pacrn
19
. Hocne roro xax Hnonesnx saxasana 16 yueno-rpennpo-
nountx/oentx camoneron T-50 ns Rxno Kopen, ne crpant n 2011 r. nonn-
cann cornamenne o corpynnuecrne n paspaorxe oentx camoneron KFX, 50
e. xoroptx Hnonesnx conpaercx xynnrt
20
. 3rn crpant nonncann raxxe
ananornunoe cornamenne o conmecrno paspaorxe tcrpoxonoro yapnoro
xarepa
21
. B snax ynyumennx ornomenn CBA n 2011 r. npenoxnnn Hnone-
snn 24 noepxanntx oentx camonera F-16C.
Hourn nce ocnonnte nnt noopyxenn, nxnmuax na ]perara Ienap,
na tcrpoxontx yapntx xarepa npoexra 12418, nocemt oentx camoneron
Cy-30MK2 n ne cncremt eperono oopont Facrnon, xoropte Bternam
nmnoprnponan n 20072011 rr., nocrynnnn ns Poccnn (cm. ran. 6.6). Eme o
noctmn tcrpoxontx yapntx xopanx npoexra 12418 nponsnoxrcx no nn-
nensnn, a mecrt nonontx noox npoexra 636, 12 camoneron Cy-30MK2 n
eme na ]perara Ienap (c pacmnpenntmn npornnonoountmn nosmoxno-
crxmn) saxasant n Poccnn. B xonne 2011 r. mnn neperonopt c Poccne o o-
nonnnrentno nocranxe cncrem Facrnon n npornnoxopaentntx paxer X-
35
22
. Onaxo Bternam raxxe naeercx nnepcn]nnnponart cnon ncrounnxn
nocranox. B xonne 2011 r. coomanoct, uro on neer neperonopt o saxynxe o
uertpex ]peraron SIGMA n Hnepnanax n sannrepeconan n saxynxe nporn-
nonoountx camoneron P-3 n CBA
23
.

16
Supriyanto (cnocxa 2).
17
TNI to modernize its main armament system, Antara News, 20 Sep. 2011, <http://portal.
antara.co.id/en/news/75825/tni-to-modernize-its-main-armament-system>; n Anderson, G. and
Grevatt, J., Island vision, Janes Defence Weekly, 28 Sep. 2011, p. 30.
18
Anderson, G., Growing and evolving, Janes Defence Weekly, 18 Jan. 2012, pp. 2832; n
Supriyanto (cnocxa 2).
19
Anderson and Grevatt (cnocxa 17), pp. 2832; n Anderson (cnocxa 18).
20
RI sending KFX jet-fighter production team to South Korea, Antara News, 11 July 2011,
<http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/73621/ri-sending-kfx-jet-fighter-production-team-to-south-
korea>.
21
RI, Korea hammer out deal to develop tanks, Jakarta Post, 10 Sep. 2011.
22
Vit Nam mua thm Bastion-P v pht trin tn lua hnh trnh [Viet Nam to buy more
Bastion-P and cruise missile development], Vietnam Defence, 16 Feb. 2012, <http://quocphong.
vn/Home/tintuc/vietnam/Viet-Nam-mua-them-BastionP-va-phat-trien-ten-lua-hanh-
trinh/20122/51363.vnd>.
23
Steketee, M., Vietnam bestelt vier korvetten bij Damen [Viet Nam orders four corvettes
from Damen], NRC (Rotterdam), 3 Oct. 2011, pp. 2627; n Francis, L., SE Asian nations seek
improved ASW, AEW, Aviation Week, 17 Feb. 2012.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 314
Fpyne-apyccanam n unnnnnnnt raxxe npnoperamr noennte xo-
pann, xorx n n ropaso mentmem xonnuecrne no cpannennm c cocennmn
rocyapcrnamn. B reuenne 20072011 rr. Fpyne nonyunn rpn xopnera
OPV-80 ns Iepmannn, n ro npemx xax unnnnnnnt nonyunnn ns CBA no-
epxannoe narpyntnoe cyno eperono oxpant Hamilton, n nm tno
oemano nropoe raxoe xe narpyntnoe cyno eperono oxpant Hamilton.
B 2011 r. unnnnnnnt oxnnnn o cpountx nnanax npnopecrn n rperte nar-
pyntnoe cyno eperono oxpant Hamilton, pyrne cropoxente xopann,
mopcxne narpyntnte camonert n o 12 noepxanntx oentx camoneron
CBA F-16
24



24
Romero, A., Submarine for Navy? Noy bares AFP shop list, Philippine Star, 24 Aug.
2011; Romero, A., DND eyes 3 more Hamilton-class ships, Philippine Star, 14 Dec. 2011; Phil-
ippines eyes US materiel, Janes Defence Weekly, 18 Jan. 2012, p. 18; Pazzibugan, D. Z., P70B
in contracts up for grabs in AFP, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 28 Jan. 2012; n Evangelista, K.,
Philippines eye submarines to boost navy, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 17 May 2011.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 315
IV. HOCTABKH OPYH APMEHHH H A3EPFAHAHY
B 20072011.

Hon XOHTOM

Co npemenn saxnmuennx n 1994 r. nepemnpnx perynxpno noxnnxnnct
npnsnaxn roro, uro nona 19921994 rr. mexy Apmenne n Asepaxanom
sa Haropnt Kapaax, nacenennt apmxnamn pernon Asepaxana
(cm. pnc. 6.3), moxer nosononnrtcx. B 2011 r. necxontxo nanmarene orme-
rnnn ocoym nanpxxennocrt n oenx crpanax, xoropax moxer noronxnyrt nx
x none n nnxamem yymem
1
. Kax Apmennx, rax n Asepaxan onpee-
nxnn yperynnponanne xon]nnxra n Haropnom Kapaaxe xax xnmueno npn-
opnrer nannonantno esonacnocrn
2
. Xorx oe cropont nouepxnnamr npn-
nepxennocrt mnpnomy paspemennm xon]nnxra, xaxax ns nnx onnnxer py-
rym n napymennn oronopa o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone
1990 r. n no nrxrnnannn n ronxy noopyxenn
3
. Ha noenntx napaax, npone-
enntx n 2011 r., oa rocyapcrna noxasann nonym n npexe nennannym no-
ennym rexnnxy, uro crano xnno emoncrpanne cnnt
4
.
B Asepaxane n nepno c 2010 no 2011 r. ormeuannct camte ntcoxne
remnt pocra noenntx pacxoon n peantnom ntpaxennn, n ro npemx xax n Ap-
mennn n 2010 r. onx nanonoro nnyrpennero npoyxra (BBH), norpauennax na
noennte pacxot, tna ontme, uem n nmom pyrom rocyapcrne n Enpone
5
.
C 20022006 no 20072011 rr. Asepaxan napamnnan oem nmnopra oc-
nonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn n cran 38-m xpynnemnm nonyuarenem n
mnpe, nonxnmnct c 53-ro mecra, xoropoe on sannman n 20022006 rr., rora
xax nmnopr Apmennn coxparnncx, n ona onycrnnact c 71-ro mecro na 84-e.
Xorx n 20022006 rr. oem nmnopra ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn
Asepaxana tn n 2.5 pasa ontme no cpannennm c apmxncxnm, n 2007

1
Hanpnmep, International Crisis Group (ICG), Armenia and Azerbaijan: Preventing War,
Europe Briefing no. 60 (ICG: Tbilisi, 8 Feb. 2011); The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: still just
about frozen, The Economist, 7 May 2011; n Babayan, A., [According to Russian experts, the
Karabakh conflict sides are actively preparing for war], Radio Azatutyun, 1 Aug. 2011, <http://rus.
azatutyun.am/content/article/24283732.html> (na pyc. xs.).
2
Armenian National Security Council, National Security Strategy of the Republic of Arme-
nia, 26 Jan. 2007, annex to Presidential Decree no. NH-37-N, 7 Feb. 2007, <http://www.
mil.am/1320693104>, p. 4; Armenian Ministry of Defence, Military doctrine of the Republic of
Armenia, 2007, <http://www.mil.am/1320693242>, p. 4; n President of Azerbaijan, National
Security Concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Instruction no. 2198, 23 May 2007, <http://www.
un.int/azerbaijan/pdf/National_security.pdf>, p. 6.
3
US Mission to the OSCE, 27 January PlenaryAzerbaijan, Armenia trade charges on Rus-
sian arms transfers, Cable to US Department of State, no. 09USOSCE15, 2 Feb. 2009,
<http://www.wikileaks.org/cable/2009/02/09USOSCE15.html>. O cotrnxx, cnxsanntx c oro-
nopom o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone, cm. pasen IV rnant 10 nacroxmero nsa-
nnx. Kparxoe nsnoxenne n nnte noponocrn oronopa cm. n ononnennn A.
4
Holdanowicz, G., Armenia displays surface-to-surface missile system hardware during an-
niversary parade, Janes Missiles and Rockets, Nov. 2011, p. 11; n Holdanowicz, G., Azerbaijan
shows new equipment at parade, Janes Defence Weekly, 6 July 2011, p. 8.
5
Cm. pasen VII rnant 4 nacroxmero nsannx.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 316
2011 rr. pasptn mexy crpanamn ynennunncx: n +rn rot Asepaxan nm-
noprnponan n 7.5 pasa ontme opyxnx, uem Apmennx (cm. ran. 6.7). Onaxo n
20102011 rr. Apmennx cenana saxnnennx, xoropte ronopxr o rom, uro ona
crpemnrcx n orner na saxynxn opyxnx Asepaxanom saxynart ontmee xo-
nnuecrno noopyxenn. antnemne noponocrn saxynox opyxnx Apmenne
n Asepaxanom n nepno 20072011 rr. n nonnrnxn, nexame n ocnone
+rnx saxynox, yyr paccmorpent nnxe.



















Pnc.6.3.


Pnc. 6.3. Kap1a Apuennn n Asepanaana


Xorx n ornomennn oenx crpan ecrnyer oponontnoe +mapro Opra-
nnsannn no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE) na nocranxn
opyxnx, px rocyapcrn unenon OFCE, nxnmuax Fenapyct, Poccnm, Typnnm,
Yxpanny n Coennennte Brart, n reuenne 20072011 rr. nocrannxn n +rn
crpant ocnonnte nnt otuntx noopyxenn
6
. Cpen +rnx nocranmnxon
ocoo naxnym pont nrpaer Poccnx, xnnxmmaxcx conpecearenem Mnncxo

6
B 1992 r. npemecrnennnna OFCE Kon]epennnx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n
Enpone (KFCE) norpeonana, urot rocyapcrna-unent nnenn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx
cnnam, yuacrnonanmnm n oxx n paone Haropnoro Kapaaxa. Xorx +ro +mapro ne xnnxercx
oxsarentntm, nexoropte rocyapcrna unent OFCE orxastnann n ntaue nnnensn na +xc-
nopr noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn n Apmennm n Asepaxan na rom ocnonannn, uro ra-
xo +xcnopr yer napymennem +mapro. Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe,
Committee of Senior Officials, annex 1 to Journal no. 2 of the Seventh Meeting of the Committee,
Prague, 2728 Feb. 1992. Kparxoe onncanne n nepeuent crpan unenon OFCE cm. n ononne-
nnn B nacroxmero nsannx.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 317
rpynnt OFCE ]opyma nx neperonopon no mnpnomy yperynnponannm xon-
]nnxra. Onaxo nmecro roro urot crpemnrtcx x mnpnomy paspemennm xon-
]nnxra, Poccnx, noxoxe, nomoraer noepxnnart craryc-xno n n ro xe npemx
ntcrynaer xpynnemnm nocranmnxom opyxnx oenm croponam
7
.


Tannna 6.7. Hoc1anmnxn ocnonnmx nnon omunmx noopyaennn
Apuennn n Asepanaany n 20072011 rr.
Ocnonnme noc1anmnxn
(onn n noc1anxax nonyua1enm, %)
Honyua1ent
onn n unpo-
nou oseue
noc1anox
opyann (%)
1-n 2-n 3-n
Apmennx 0.1 Poccnx (95%) Yxpanna (4%) Fenapyct (1%)
Asepaxan 0.6 Poccnx (55%) Yxpanna (34%) Fenapyct (5%)

Hcmo:uur: asa anntx CHHPH no nocranxam opyxnx, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/
armstransfers>.


Apuennn

Boennte pacxot Apmennn n 2011 r. cocrannnn 414 mnn onn. Xorx onn
oxasannct na 2.8% nnxe n peantnom ntpaxennn no cpannennm c 2010 r. (xo-
ra noennte pacxot cocrannxnn 4.2% or BBH), sa ecxrnnerne 2002
2011 rr. onn ynennunnnct na 165%. Onaxo yrnepxanoct, uro nx roro uro-
t nonyunrt onee nonnoe npecrannenne o apmxncxnx noenntx pacxoax
(n noennom anance c Asepaxanom), cneyer raxxe yunrtnart pacxot
camonponosrnamenno Pecnynnxn Haropnt Kapaax
8
. Cornacno ono ns
onenox conoxynnte noennte pacxot Apmennn n Haropnoro Kapaaxa n
2011 r. tnn ne menee 600 mnn onn.
9

Orxptro nn]opmannn o mexynapontx nocranxax ocnonntx nnon
otuntx noopyxenn n Apmennm sa nocnenne rot mano. Ho anntm
CHHPH, oem nocranox otuntx nnon noopyxenn n reuenne 20072011 rr.
tn na 11% mentme no cpannennm c 20022006 rr., xorx n nenom oemt n
oa nepnoa ocranannct neontmnmn. Poccnx xnnxercx xpynnemnm, namno-
ro onepexammnm nce ocrantnte crpant, nocranmnxom opyxnx n Apmennm
(cm. ran. 6.7). Hanonee snaunrentno ocronepno nocranxo ns Poccnn n
+ror nepno crana nocranxa paxerntx cncrem xnacca semnxnosyx C-
300HMY (SA-10C), o xoropo Apmennx nnepnte coomnna n xonne 2010 r.

7
Mnncxax rpynna tna cosana KFCE n 1992 r. c nentm oxasart coecrnne Apmennn n
Asepaxany n ocrnxennn mnpnoro, ocnonannoro na oronope paspemennx xon]nnxra ns-
sa Haropnoro Kapaaxa. Conpecearenxmn Mnncxo rpynnt xnnxmrcx upannnx, Poccnx n
CBA, onaxo n nocnenne rot neymym pont nrpana Poccnx. Honnt nepeuent unenon Ipyn-
nt cm. ononnenne B nacroxmero nsannx.
8
Mukhin, V., [Commonwealth of militarized states], Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 17 Mar. 2010 (na
pyc. xs.).
9
Mukhin (cnocxa 8).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 318
Yxpanna nocrannna na noepxanntx yueno-rpennponountx camonera L-
39C. Hecxontxo rocyapcrn unenon Enponecxoro comsa (EC) coomnnn o
ntaue n reuenne 20072010 rr. nnnensn na +xcnopr neontmoro xonnuecrna
noenno rexnnxn
10
. uepnoropnx n 2009 r. coomnna o ntaue nnnensn na
cymmy 2.9 mnn enpo (3.8 mnn onn.) n o +xcnopre npenmymecrnenno crpen-
xonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxenn n oenpnnacon cronmocrtm
1.3 mnn enpo (1.7 mnn onn.)
11
.
B anrycre 2010 r. cnennantnax paouax rpynna npannrentcrna Apmennn
pexomenonana mept no moepnnsannn apmxncxnx noopyxenntx cnn, na-
npannennte n nepnym ouepet na saxynxn opyxnx n pasnnrne nannonantno
noenno npomtmnennocrn. Mnnncrp oopont Cepan Oranxn oxcnnn, uro
npannrentcrno Apmennn nnannpyer npnopecrn noopyxennx ontmo ant-
nocrn n rounoro naneennx, n ne orpnnan, uro sannannponannte saxynxn Ap-
mennn oycnonnent saxynxamn n saxasamn Asepaxana
12
. B exape 2010 r.
npesnenr Apmennn Cepx Caprcxn n Coner nannonantno esonacnocrn
oopnnn rocyapcrnennym nporpammy pasnnrnx noopyxenn n noenno rex-
nnxn na 20112015 rr., n ocnone xoropo nexar ntnot, cenannte paoue
rpynno
13
. Hmemmecx n orxptrom ocryne nn]opmannn o rom, xaxne cncre-
mt yyr saxynartcx n pamxax +ro nporpammt, ouent mano, xorx n nmne
2011 r. onxnocrnte nnna poccncxoro Pocoopon+xcnopra coomnnn o
sannrepeconannocrn Apmennn n npnoperennn mnorosapxntx paxerntx
nycxontx ycranonox FM-30 Cmepu
14
. B crparernuecxom osope oopont na
20112015 rr. ronopnrcx o nnrerpnponanno cncreme cpecrn panonoxa-
nnn n nosymno pasnexn, conpxxenno c moepnnsnponanno nasemno
cncremo npornnonosymno oopont
15
.
Bsanmoornomennx Poccnn c Apmenne, ntcrynamme n xauecrne ee
rnannoro nocranmnxa, oxcnxmrcx nymx npnunnamn. Bo-nepntx, unencrno
Apmennn n Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnexrnnno esonacnocrn (OKF) n
nycroponnne cornamennx c Poccne no poccncxo noenno ase n Immpn
na cenepo-sanae Apmennn osnauamr, uro Apmennx nmeer nosmoxnocrt npn-
operart n Poccnn opyxne emeno nnn ecnnarno
16
. B anrycre 2010 r. Poccnx
npeocrannna Apmennn rapanrnn esonacnocrn n nponnna cnon oxsarent-
crna no ee cnaxennm opyxnem n noenno rexnnxo n xauecrne oxasannx no-
enno nomomn n omen na cornacne Apmennn nponnrt cpox ncnontsonannx

10
Council of the European Union, 10th13th EU annual reports on arms exports,
<http://www.consilium.europa.eu/eeas/foreign-policy/non-proliferation, disarmament-and-export-
control-/security-related-export-controls-ii? lang=en>.
11
Montenegrin Ministry of Economy, 2009 Annual Report on Foreign Trade in Controled
Goods (Ministry of Economy: Podgorica, 2010), p. 35.
12
Armenia seeking long-range weapons, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 10 Aug. 2010,
<http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/2124214.html>.
13
Danielyan, E., Armenia displays sophisticated air defence systems, Eurasia Daily Moni-
tor, 19 Jan. 2011.
14
Armenian military interested in acquiring Russian rocket artillery, Radio Free
Europe/Radio Liberty, 9 June 2011, <http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24230218.html>.
15
Armenian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Strategic Defense Review 20112015, Public Re-
lease (MOD: Yerevan, [n.d.]), p. 13.
16
Kparxoe onncanne n nepeuent unenon OKF cm. n ononnennn B nacroxmero nsannx.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 319
Poccne ast n Immpn o 2044 r.
17
Bo-nroptx, Apmennx nmeer orpannuennt
ntop norennnantntx nocranmnxon ns-sa +mapro OFCE na nocranxn opy-
xnx, ecnoxocrna no nonoy xon]nnxra n annennx na norennnantntx no-
cranmnxon co cropont Asepaxana. Iocyapcrna unent EC n reuenne
20072010 rr. orxnonnnn 22 ns 30 noanntx saxnox na ntauy nnnensn na
+xcnopr noopyxennx n noenno rexnnxn n Apmennm; n 21 cnyuae orxnonennx
saxnxn n xauecrne ocnonannx nx orxasa n ntaue nnnensnn nnrnponancx
xpnrepn 1 Ome nosnnnn EC no +xcnopry opyxnx, xoropt rpeyer npn-
nnmart no nnnmanne +mapro OFCE na nocranxn opyxnx
18
.
Honnrnuecxax uyncrnnrentnocrt nocranox opyxnx n Apmennm npoxnn-
nact n cenrxpe 2011 r., xora mnnncrp oopont Monannn oxnnn o npoa-
xe Apmennn ycrapenmnx oenpnnacon uepes narnncxym xomnannm
19
. Bt-
xcnnnoct, uro Monona cornacnnact nocrannrt 60 r npornnoranxontx paxer n
nycxontx ycranonox n cncremt mnorocrnontntx paxerntx nycxontx ycrano-
nox c oenpnnacamn nx nnx, ocymecrnnn nocranxy 40 r n cenrxpe 2011 r.
Cornacno Mnnncrepcrny nnocrpanntx en Harnnn, narnncxax xomnannx,
yuacrnonanmax n +ro cenxe, ne nmena nnnensnn na ee nponeenne, n ro npe-
mx xax napnamenr Monannn sanxncx paccneonannem +ro cenxn ns-sa ona-
cennx, uro nstrounoe opyxne tno npoano cnnmxom emeno
20
. Monona
pemnna samoposnrt cenxy; npn +rom pemenne, nepoxrno, tno npnnxro no
nnnxnnem annennx co cropont Asepaxana, nocxontxy nocon Monont n
Faxy nasnan +ry cenxy neyauno omnxo, xoropax nanecna ymep orno-
mennxm c Asepaxanom
21
.


Asepanaan

Boennte pacxot Asepaxana n 2011 r. cocrannnn 3.1 mnp onn., uro
osnauaer nx ynennuenne n peantnom ntpaxennn na 89% no cpannennm c
2010 r. n na 742% c 2002 r. B 2010 r. noennte pacxot npecrannxnn 2.9%
BBH, cnnsnnmnct c 3.3% n 2008 n 2009 rr. B xonne 2010 r. npannrentcrno
Asepaxana oxnnno, uro ono nnannpyer norparnrt 20% nannonantnoro
mxera noenntx pacxoon na 2011 r. na onnary conpemennoro opyxnx n no-
enno pe]opmt
22
. Boennt mxer Asepaxana 2011 r. n pasmepe

17
President of Russia, Ratification of Protocol No. 5 between Russia and Armenia, 27 June
2011, <http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/2477>.
18
Council of the European Union (cnocxa 10); n Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP
of 8 Dec. 2008 defining common rules governing control of exports of military technology and
equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, L335, 13 Dec. 2008.
19
Moldovan Ministry of Defence, Sale of ammunition considered legal, 21 Sep. 2011,
<http://www.army.md/? lng=3&action=show&cat=122&obj=871>.
20
Kudryavtsev, N., [The case of the arms supplier Latspeceksports: 5 million were lost in the
course of the transaction], kriminal.lv, 28 Oct. 2010, <http://www.kriminal.lv/news/delo-postav
shtika-oruzhiya-latspeceksports-po-hodu-sd> (na pyc. xs.).
21
Moldova nixes arm sale to Armenia, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 11 Nov. 2011,
<http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24388532.html>.
22
Manafov, R. and Khalilov, Dzh., [In 2011 expenditure on defence to double], Echo, 13 Oct.
2010, <http://www.echo-az.com/archive/2010_10/2388/politica01.shtml> (na pyc. xs.).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 320
3.1 mnp onn., onapoonannt n oxrxpe 2010 r. ncxope nocne roro, xax
npannrentcrno Apmennn npenoxnno conoxynnt mxer n pasmepe
2.8 mnp onn., nxnmunn crartn pacxoon na rocyapcrnenntx npoxypopon n
cyt, sacrannxx npenonoxnrt, uro noennt mxer tn pasyr sa cuer ne-
noenntx crare pacxoon
23
. Hmemrcx comnennx n rom, uro noennte pacxot
Asepaxana npnneyr x ynennuennm noennoro norennnana. Hexoropte
cxenrnuecxn nacrpoennte oospenarenn ormeuann nosecrnne xoppynnnn na
noennte pacxot nnn npenonarann, uro onn tnn pasyrt nx roro, urot
annoe n 2007 r. npesnenrom Ieapom Annentm oemanne, uro noennte
pacxot Asepaxana yyr ontme conoxynnoro mxera Apmennn, oxa-
sanoct ntnonnenntm
24
.
Oem nocranox otuntx nnon noopyxenn n Asepaxan n 2007
2011 rr. tn na 164% ontme no cpannennm c 20022006 rr. Ero ocnonntmn
nocranmnxamn opyxnx n 20072011 rr. tnn Poccnx, Yxpanna n Fenapyct
(cm. ran. 6.7), onaxo Hspannt, Rxnax A]pnxa n Typnnx raxxe nocrannxnn
ocnonnte nnt otuntx noopyxenn. Ha nmnopr camoneron npnxonnoct
55% ncero oema nmnopra Asepaxana, na poneranxonym rexnnxy 19,
na paxert 12, na cncremt npornnonosymno oopont 7 n na aprnnne-
pnm 7%. uemcxax Pecnynnxa n Pymtnnx n reuenne 20072011 rr. ntann
+xcnoprnte nnnensnn cronmocrtm 6.4 mnn enpo (8.3 mnn onn.) n 12 mnn en-
po (15.6 mnn onn.) coornercrnenno n nocrannnn pasnnunte noopyxennx,
xomnonenrt n noennym rexnnxy na 4 mnn enpo (5.2 mnn onn.) n 6.6 mnn enpo
(8.6 mnn onn.)
25
.
B 2011 r. Asepaxan nonyunn ns Poccnn nepnym ns nyx sannannpo-
nanntx paxerntx cncrem xnacca semnxnosyx C-300HMY-2 (SA-20B), ue-
rtpe ns 24 sannannponanntx noenntx neproneron Mn-35M n 15 ns 60 sanna-
nnponanntx neproneron Mn-17. Bcx +ra rexnnxa tna saxasana n 2010 r. Hs-
pannt nocrannn nepnt ecnnnornt nerarentnt annapar (FHA) Hermes-
450, xoropt tn saxasan n 2008 r.; tnn raxxe nocrannent nepnte FHA
Aerostar, nponsneennte no nnnensnn n Asepaxane. Hocranxn 25 po-
nerpancnoprepon Marauder n 25 ponerpancnoprepon Matador ns Rxno
A]pnxn, xoropte conpannct n Asepaxane, tnn sanepment n 2011 r.
Typnnx nauana nocranxn 60 ponerpancnoprepon Cobra n 30 107-mm camo-
xontx mnorocrnontntx paxerntx nycxontx ycranonox Roketsan.
Cosan n exape 2005 r. mnnncrepcrno ooponno npomtmnennocrn,
npannrentcrno Asepaxana nouepxnyno +rnm xenanne pasnnnart nanno-
nantnte momnocrn no nponsnocrny noopyxenn xax nx ocnamennx cocr-

23
Sanamyan, E., Tight leash: AzerbaijanArmenia arms race accelerates, Janes Intelligence
Review, Mar. 2011, pp. 2223.
24
International Crisis Group (ICG), Nagorno-Karabakh: Risking War, Europe Report no. 187
(ICG: Tbilisi, 14 Nov. 2007), p. 6; n International Crisis Group (ICG), Azerbaijan: Defence Sector
Management and Reform, Europe Briefing no. 50 (ICG: Baku, 29 Oct. 2008), pp. 78.
25
Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade (MPO), Annual Report on the Czech Republics Con-
trol of the Export of Military Equipment and Small Arms for Civilian Use, 20072010 edns (MPO:
Prague, 20082011); n Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), National Agency for Export
Controls, Arms Export Controls Annual Report, 20072010 edns (MFA: Bucharest, 20082011).
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 321
nenntx noopyxenntx cnn, rax n na +xcnopr
26
. Bosmoxnocrn mecrno noen-
no npomtmnennocrn n nacroxmee npemx orpannuent copxo n neontmnm
nponsnocrnom no nnnensnxm. B 2011 r. Asepaxan oxnnn o saxnmuennn
necxontxnx cenox no crpenxonomy opyxnm n nerxnm nnam noopyxenn,
poneranxono rexnnxe, aprnnnepncxnm paxeram n ecnnnorntm nerarent-
ntm annaparam, xoropte npeycmarpnnamr cornamennx o nnnensnonnom
nponsnocrne nnn copxe n Asepaxane. B ]enpane 2011 r. Asepaxan
nornepnn, uro y nero ecrt nnnensnx or Poccnn na nponsnocrno 12 000
5.45-mm mrypmontx anromaron AK-74M n ro
27
. Corpynnuecrno mexy
asepaxancxnmn n rypenxnmn nponsnonrenxmn opyxnx raxxe pasnnnaer-
cx na cranntno ocnone, oecneunnaemo recntmn nycroponnnmn nonnrn-
uecxnmn cnxsxmn. B 2011 r. Asepaxan oxnnn o cornamennxx c rypenxn-
mn xomnannxmn o conmecrnom nponsnocrne 40-mm rpanaromeron, anromaron
MP5 n 107-mm n 122-mm paxer Roketsan
28
. B 2011 r. Asepaxan raxxe
coomnn o saxase eme 30 ponerpancnoprepon Marauder n 30 ponerpancnop-
repon Matador ns Rxno A]pnxn, xoropte yyr copant n Asepaxa-
ne, n pasmecrnn saxast na nanaxnnanne nnnensnonnoro nponsnocrna yxpa-
nncxo-enopyccxnx npornnoranxontx paxer Cxn] (R-2) nx ocnamennx
norpannuntx nocx Asepaxana n moepnnsnponannte oente nepronert
Mn-24I.
B reuenne 2011 r. ormeuanact samernax axrnnnocrt noneron asepa-
xancxnx ecnnnorntx nerarentntx annaparon nont nnnnn conpnxocnone-
nnx (cm. pnc. 6.3), n 12 cenrxpx 2011 r. noopyxennte cnnt Haropnoro Kapa-
axa coomnnn o nepnom cnrom FHA Asepaxana
29
. o 2011 r. Asepa-
xan nonyunn neontmoe xonnuecrno FHA ns Hspannx. Corpynnuecrno
npoonxnno pasnnnartcx n 2011 r., xora Azad Systems Company ns Asep-
axana n nspanntcxax xomnannx Aeronautics cosann conmecrnoe npe-
npnxrne nx nponsnocrna 60 FHA Orbiter n Aerostar. Hoxoxe, Hspannt
cranonnrcx xpynntm nocranmnxom noopyxennx n noenno rexnnxn n Asep-
axan, nocxontxy n ]enpane 2012 r. onapyxnnoct, uro Hspannt saxnmunn
c Asepaxanom cenxn cronmocrtm 1.6 mnp onn. na nocranxn ecnnnor-
ntx nerarentntx annaparon, paxerntx cncrem xnacca semnxnosyx n cnc-
rem panonoxannonnoro nanmennx sa nosymntm npocrpancrnom
30
.
B 2010 r. Asepaxan ntpasnn sannrepeconannocrt n saxynxe xnra-
cxo-naxncrancxoro oenoro camonera JF-17, n n reuenne 2011 r. npoonxannct

26
Azerbaijan to export military hardware of its make in 23 years, ITAR-TASS, 20 Nov.
2007; n Azeri paper questions need for Defence Industry Ministry, Baku Zerkalo, 19 Feb. 2008,
Translation from Russian, World News Connection.
27
Suleymanov, R., Azerbaijan starts serial production of AK-74M assault rifles basing on
Russian license, Azeri Press Agency, 7 July 2011, <http://www.en.apa.az/print.php? id=151080>.
28
Suleymanov, R., Azerbaijan and Turkey to jointly produce grenade launcher and subma-
chine gun, Azeri Press Agency, 21 Feb. 2011, <http://en.apa.az/print.php? id=141182>; n Suley-
manov, R., Turkish company to begin delivering missiles to Azerbaijani Armed Forces in early
2012, Azeri Press Agency, 19 Oct. 2011, <http://en.apa.az/news.php? id=157658>.
29
Azerbaijani drone reportedly downed over Nagorno-Karabakh, Radio Free Europe/Radio
Liberty, 14 Sep. 2011, <http://www.rferl.org/articleprintview/24328599.html>.
30
Teibel, A., Israel inks 1.6 billion arms deal with Azerbaijan, Associated Press, 26 Feb.
2012.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 322
neperonopt c Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
31
. Kpome roro, mnnncrp oo-
ponno npomtmnennocrn Asepaxana nep xamanon n mae 2011 r. ox-
nnn, uro Asepaxan neer neperonopt c xnracxnmn xomnannxmn o paxe-
rax antnero panyca ecrnnx xnacca semnxsemnx
32
.
Iocyapcrna unent EC n nepno 20072010 rr. orxnonnnn 36 saxnox na
ntauy +xcnoprntx nnnensn na nocranxn noopyxennx n noenno rexnnxn
Asepaxany, n n 35 cnyuaxx orxason n xauecrne ocnonannx nx orxnonennx
saxnxn nnrnponancx xpnrepn 1 Ome nosnnnn EC
33
. B 2010 r. uemcxax
Pecnynnxa oxnnna, uro ona nepecmorpena cnom nonnrnxy n ornomennn
Apmennn n Asepaxana n yer oopxrt rontxo nnnensnn, cnxsannte c
+xcnoprom noenno rexnnxn, ne xnnxmmecx opyxnem, n necmeprentntx nn-
on opyxnx
34
. Hosnnnx nexoroptx rocyapcrn unenon EC raxxe nmeer no-
cnecrnnx nx pyrnx nocranmnxon, xenammnx cnaxart Asepaxan no-
enno rexnnxo. Hanpnmep, Typnnx ntraercx nocrannrt camoxonte rayn-
nt T-155 Firtina, no repmancxax xomnannx MTU, xax coomanoct,
orxasanact cnanrt ee neoxonmtmn nnrarenxmn ns-sa xon]nnxra n Ha-
ropnom Kapaaxe
35
. Kax cnecrnne rypenxne xomnannn npoymr nno nony-
unrt nnrarenn n pyro crpane, nno nananrt nx nponsnocrno n Typnnn.


31
Azerbaijan interested in purchase of JF-17 Thunder fighters, News.Az, 9 Aug 2010,
<http://www.news.az/articles/20583/print>; n Suleymanov, R., [Azerbaijan announced its inten-
tion to purchase combat aircraft co-produced by Pakistan and China], Azeri Press Agency, 15 Nov.
2011, <http://www.ru.apa.az/print.php? id=207656> (na pyc. xs.).
32
Holdanowicz, G., Azerbaijan shows off its improved missile and rocket-artillery power
during parade, Janes Missiles and Rockets, Aug. 2011, p. 13.
33
Council of the European Union (cnocxa 10).
34
Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade, 2009 report (cnocxa 25), p. 11.
35
Suleymanov, R., Turkey insists on selling T-155 Frtna self-propelled howitzer to Azer-
baijan, Azeri Press Agency, 14 Oct. 2011, <http://en.apa.az/news.php? id=157324>.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 323
V. TPAHCHAPEHTHOCTI HOCTABOK OPYH

Hon XOHTOM n Mapx FPOMHH

O]nnnantnte n omeocrynnte annte o nocranxax opyxnx nmemr
ontmoe snauenne nx onenxn nonnrnxn rocyapcrn n onacrn +xcnopra opy-
xnx n saxynxn noopyxennx. Onaxo nynnxannx anntx o nocranxax n sa-
xynxax opyxnx xnnxercx nourn nx ncex rocyapcrn uyncrnnrentntm nynx-
rom. B +rom pasene anannsnpymrcx neannne nsmenennx n o]nnnantntx
mexynapontx, pernonantntx n nannonantntx mexannsmax oruernocrn,
xoropte nanenent, nonnocrtm nnn uacrnuno, na nontmenne xauecrna n o-
ema omeocrynno nn]opmannn o mexynapontx nocranxax opyxnx. Onn
nxnmuamr Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, a raxxe nannonantnte n
pernonantnte oruert o +xcnopre opyxnx
1
.

Pernc1p OOH no omunmu noopyaennnu

Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, cosannt n 1991 r., xnnxercx
xnmuentm mexynapontm mexannsmom o]nnnantno rpancnapenrnocrn
nocranox opyxnx. Kaxt ro no nce rocyapcrna unent OOH nocrynaer
opamenne c npocto coomnrt nn]opmannm Perncrpy OOH no otuntm
noopyxennxm o +xcnopre n nmnopre cemn xareropn otuntx nnon noopy-
xenn n npetymem xanenapnom roy
2
. Iocyapcrnam raxxe npenaraercx
npecrannxrt nn]opmannm o nx yuacrnn n nannonantnom nponsnocrne oc-
nonntx nnon otunoro noopyxennx n saxynxax raxoro noopyxennx na nnyr-
pennem ptnxe, panno xax n o mexynapontx nocranxax crpenxonoro opyxnx
n nerxnx nnon noopyxennx.
Konnuecrno nocrynnnmnx orueron n 2011 r. ynennunnoct, nonxnmnct c
camoro nnsxoro sa nce npemx cymecrnonannx Perncrpa yponnx n 2010 r.
(cm. pnc. 6.4). Ho cocroxnnm na exapt 2011 r., 85 rocyapcrn npecrannnn
oruert o nocranxax opyxnx sa 2010 r. (nxnmuax 35 nynentx orueron,
r. e. orueron, n xoroptx npocro exnapnpyercx, uro crpana nn nmnoprnponana,
nn +xcnoprnponana ocnonnte nnt otuntx noopyxenn). Hponsomno samer-
noe ynennuenne uncna orueron rocyapcrn Amepnxn, npnuem px rocyapcrn
npncnann n 2011 r. oruert nnepnte sa necxontxo ner (cm. ran. 6.8). Hanpnmep,

1
B annom pasene ne nccneymrcx xon]nennnantnte mexnpannrentcrnennte oment
nn]opmanne o nocranxax opyxnx, xoropte nponcxoxr, nanpnmep, n pamxax Oprannsannn no
esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone, Oprannsannn amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn n mexy
yuacrnnxamn Baccenaapcxoro cornamennx. Eme onnm ncrounnxom nn]opmannn o mexyna-
pono ropronne opyxnem xnnxmrcx ramoxennte annte ast anntx ronapno roprono cra-
rncrnxn OOH (Komrpe). annte Komrpe sect ne paccmarpnnamrcx, nocxontxy onn ne
npenasnauent n ne paspaartnannct nx roro, urot cnyxnrt nncrpymenrom ynennuennx o-
ema omeocrynno nn]opmannn o mexynapontx nocranxax opyxnx. annte Komrpe
nxoxr n asy anntx no ropronne crpenxontm opyxnem Hopnexcxo nnnnnarnnt no nocran-
xam crpenxonoro opyxnx (NISAT), <http://www. prio.no/NISAT/Small-Arms-Trade-Database/>.
2
3rnmn xareropnxmn xnnxmrcx oente ranxn, ponnponannte oente mamnnt, xpynno-
xannepnte aprnnnepncxne cncremt, oente camonert, yapnte nepronert, noennte xo-
pann n paxert nnn paxernte nycxonte ycranonxn.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 324
nnepnte npecrannnn oruert: omnnnxancxax pecnynnxa c 2002 r., Ypyrna
c 2003 r., 3xnaop n Iaana c 2006 r. n Tpnnna n Toaro c 2007 r.
3






















Pnc. 6.4. Hncno o1ue1on, noc1ynnnmnx n Pernc1p OOH no omunmu noopyaenn-
nu n 20012010 rr.
Hpu+e:auue: rot ornocxrcx x roy, oxnauennomy oruerom, a ne x roy ero npeocrannennx.
Hcmo:uur: asa anntx Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, < http: // www.un-
register.org / >.

Rxnax A]pnxa n 2011 r. oxasanact enncrnenntm a]pnxancxnm rocy-
apcrnom, npncnanmnm oruer n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm.
Pecnynnxa Konro n cnoem nocnannn Ienepantnomy cexperapm OOH no xon-
rponm sa otuntmn nnamn noopyxenn na pernonantntx n cypernonant-
ntx yponnxx, ormernna necxontxo ]axropon, xoropte orpannunnamr a]pn-
xancxoe yuacrne n Perncrpe OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, nxnmuax orcyr-
crnne xareropnn nerxnx nnon noopyxenn n uncne cemn xareropn Perncrpa
OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, nsnnmnee ncnontsonanne rpn]a cexper-
nax nn]opmannx a]pnxancxnmn rocyapcrnamn n norpenocrt n mexyna-
pono nomomn n ene pasopyxennx n A]pnxe nyrem cosannx coornercr-
nymmnx mexannsmon corpynnuecrna
4
. Paccmarpnnax pacmnpenne yuacrnx
rocyapcrn Amepnxn n pasnnunte cornamennx no xonrponm na noopyxe-
nnxmn n +rom pernone, cneyer ormernrt, uro Pecnynnxa Konro ynomxnyna

3
Cm. raxxe: Bromley, M. and Solmirano, C., Transparency in Military Spending and Arms
Acquisitions in Latin America and the Caribbean, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 31 (SIPRI: Stockholm,
Jan. 2012).
4
United Nations, General Assembly, Conventional arms control at the regional and subre-
gional levels, Report of the Secretary-General, A/66/154, 15 July 2011, pp. 56.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 325
ontr Amepnxn n xauecrne nonoxnrentnoro npnmepa nx a]pnxancxnx rocy-
apcrn, sannrepeconanntx n xonrpone sa otuntmn nnamn noopyxenn
5
.

Tannna 6.8. O1ue1m, npec1annennme n Pernc1p OOH
no omunmu noopyaennnu, no pernonau, n 20062010 rr.
Oruert ornecent x romy roy, sa xoropt onn cocrannent, a ne x roy nx npeocranne-
nnx. annte n cxoxax noxastnamr uncno nynentx orueron.

Pernon 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

A]pnxa 15 (12) 8 (7) 4 (3) 4 (3) 1 (0)
Amepnxa 22 (16) 13 (6) 15 (9) 10 (2) 19 (10)
Asnx n Oxeannx 27 (18) 21 (12) 19 (7) 17 (9) 19 (11)
Enpona 47 (15) 46 (13) 40 (10) 39 (15) 44 (13)
Fnnxnn n Cpenn Bocrox 2 (1) 3 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1)
Bcero 113 (62) 91 (39) 80 (30) 72 (30) 85 (35)

Hcmo:uur: asa anntx Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, <http://www.un-
register.org/>.

Hs 85 rocyapcrn, xoropte npeocrannnn nn]opmannm n Perncrp OOH
no otuntm noopyxennxm n 2011 r., 49 (c yuerom noctmn, npncnanmnx ny-
nente oruert) coomnnn nn]opmannm no mexynapontm nocranxam
crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxenn. Ancrpnx, Ipenaa, Iaana,
Hcnannx n Monronnx nnepnte npeocrannnn ocnonnym nn]opmannm no
mexynapontm nocranxam crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxe-
nn. o cnx nop ncero enxrt rocyapcrn ntcxasann cnom rouxy spennx orno-
cnrentno nxnmuennx crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxenn n Pe-
rncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm. C npocto ntpasnrt cnoe mnenne no
+romy nonpocy Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH oparnnact x rocyapcrnam n
xonne 2009 r. B 2011 r. Fypxnna-uaco n Hnepnant ntcxasannct n noepx-
xy pacmnpennx Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm n nxnmuennx n ne-
ro crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxenn
6
.
B 2011 r. crana ocrynno nn]opmannx nnmt no 64 ns 85 rocyapcrn, npn-
cnanmnx n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm oruert o nocranxax, nmen-
mnx mecro n 2010 r.
7
3aepxxa n nynnxannn npnnoxennx x oruery, coepxame-

5
O rpancnapenrnocrn n Harnncxo Amepnxe cm.: Bromley and Solmirano (cnocxa 3).
6
United Nations, General Assembly, United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Report of the
Secretary-General, A/66/127, 12 July 2011. Fypxnna-uaco o 2011 r. ne noctnana orueron n Perncrp
OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm. Ee noepxxa 8- xareropnn crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nn-
on noopyxenn orpaxena n: United Nations, General Assembly, The arms trade treaty, Report of the
Secretary-General, 13 Dec. 2011, p. 3. O nepeaue n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm orueron
no crpenxonomy opyxnm n nerxnm nnam noopyxenn cm.: Holtom, P., Transparency in Transfers of
Small Arms and Light Weapons: Reports to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, 2003
2006, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 22 (SIPRI: Stockholm, July 2008); n Holton, P., Reporting transfers
of small arms and light weapons to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, 2007,
SIPRI Background Paper, Feb. 2009, <http://books.sipri.org/product_info? c_product_id=373>.
7
United Nations, General Assembly, United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Report
of the Secretary-General, A/66/127, 12 July 2011.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 326
ro nn]opmannm o 21 rocyapcrne, npncnanmem oruert nocne cepennt nmnx,
nosmoxno, tna cnxsana c o]nnnantntm nneennem n oxrxpe 2011 r. Ynpanne-
nnem OOH no enam pasopyxennx nonoro oropaxennx nnrep]eca nx ome-
ocrynno nnrepaxrnnno ast anntx Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxe-
nnxm
8
. Xorx nentm nono ast anntx xnnxnoct nontmenne rpancnapenrnocrn,
na momenr ee sanycxa ona nmena px neocrarxon. Hanpnmep, ona ne oecne-
unnaer nonnt npocmorp ncex coomenn, xax +ro tno pantme; ona tna sa-
nymena o roro, xax n nee tna nneena ncx nn]opmannx, npeocrannennax ro-
cyapcrnamn unenamn OOH n 2011 r., n, no cocroxnnm na exapt 2011 r., ocra-
nanact nenonno; n, xpome roro, npecrannxercx, uro ee nneenne saepxano
nynnxannm orueron +rnx rocyapcrn. Ecrt naexa, uro n 2012 r. nx pemennx
nexoroptx ns +rnx nponem yyr npnnxrt neoxonmte mept. Ynpannenne
OOH no enam pasopyxennx namepenaercx ncnontsonart nont nnrep]ec nx
npeocrannennx rocyapcrnam nosmoxnocrn npnctnart oruert n +nexrponnom
nne: paora cncremt n nponepounom pexnme sannannponana na 2012 r.
B exape Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH nornepnna, uro n 2012 r. nx
anannsa ntnemnero mexannsma ]ynxnnonnponannx n antnemero pasnnrnx
Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm yer cosnana rpynna npannrent-
crnenntx +xcnepron
9
. Onaxo, n ornnune or npetymnx rpynn npannrentcr-
nenntx +xcnepron, saceannx xoroptx nponcxonnn n reuenne onoro xanen-
apnoro roa, nonax rpynna coepercx n noxpe 2012 r. n yer paorart n re-
uenne nepno nononnnt 2013 r. oxna rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx
+xcnepron yer npecrannen na 68- ceccnn Ienepantno Accamnen OOH n
2013 r. Pemenne o nauane paort rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron n
xonne 2012 r. tno npnnxro npexe ncero nx roro, urot yuecrt pesyntrart
Kon]epennnn OOH no oronopy o ropronne opyxnem, xoropax cocronrcx n
nmne 2012 r., nocxontxy coepxanne n cnocot oruernocrn, npeycmarpn-
naemte oronopom o ropronne opyxnem, uacro ocyxamrcx n cnxsn c Pern-
crpom OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm
10
.


Hannonantnme n pernonantnme o1ue1m o +xcnop1e opyann

C nauana 1990-x roon nce ontmee uncno rocyapcrn crano nynnxonart
nannonantnte oruert o +xcnopre opyxnx
11
. Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r.,
35 rocyapcrn c 1990 r. onynnxonann xorx t onn nannonantnt oruer o
+xcnopre opyxnx, a 32 ns nnx nynnxymr nx c 2009 r.
12
Hs 32 rocyapcrn 27
nxnmuann n oruert nn]opmannm o ntanntx nnnensnxx na +xcnopr opyxnx,
a 23 nn]opmannm o ]axrnuecxom +xcnopre opyxnx (cm. ran. 6.9).

8
UNROCA database, <http://www.un-register.org/>.
9
UN General Assembly Resolution 66/39, 2 Dec. 2011.
10
Cm. pasen II rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
11
Fasa anntx no onynnxonanntm orueram neercx CHHPH na care <http://www.
sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports>. Cm. raxxe: Weber, H. and
Bromley, M., National reports on arms exports, SIPRI Fact Sheet, Mar. 2011, <http://books.
sipri.org/product_info? c_product_id=423>.
12
Tpemx rocyapcrnamn, xoropte onynnxonann xorx t onn oruer c 1990 r., a ne c
2009 r., xnnxmrcx Ancrpannx, Fenapyct n Ftnmax Rrocnancxax Pecnynnxa Maxeonnx.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 327
Ono rocyapcrno, Hontma, n 2011 r. onynnxonano cnon nepnte na na-
nnonantntx oruera o +xcnopre opyxnx, npeocrannn nn]opmannm o +xcnop-
re opyxnx n 20082009 rr. n n 2010 r.
13
Oruert coepxann nn]opmannm o xo-
nnuecrne n cronmocrn ntanntx nnnensn na +xcnopr opyxnx c pasnnxo
+xcnoprnponanntx ronapon no xareropnxm n coornercrnnn c Omnm cnncxom
noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn EC n no mecram nasnauennx. Kanaa onynn-
xonana cno nepnt c 2009 r. nannonantnt oruer o +xcnopre opyxnx, npe-
ocrannn annte o +xcnopre n 2007, 2008 n 2009 rr.
14
Oruer coepxan annte
o enexno cronmocrn +xcnoprnponanntx ronapon c pasnnxo no mecram na-
snauennx n xareropnxm xonrpontnoro cnncxa. Kax n n npetymnx nsannxx,
xanacxn oruer ne nxnmunn nn]opmannm o nocranxax n CBA, na xoropte,
xax yrnepxaercx n oruere, npnxonrcx onee nononnnt xanacxoro +xcnopra
noenntx ronapon n rexnonorn
15
. Hpnannx onynnxonana cno nepnt sa o-
nee uem 10 ner nannonantnt oruer o +xcnopre opyxnx, npeocrannn nn]op-
mannm o +xcnopre opyxnx n 2008, 2009 n 2010 rr.
16
Oruer coepxan cneennx
o xonnuecrne n cronmocrn ntanntx nnnensn na +xcnopr opyxnx c pasnnxo
+xcnoprnponanntx ronapon no xareropnxm n coornercrnnn c Omnm cnncxom
noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn EC n no mecram nasnauennx.
Tenennnn n yponne erannsannn nn]opmannn, coomaemo rocyapcr-
namn n nannonantntx oruerax o +xcnopre opyxnx, npornnopeunnt. B 2011 r.
Anannx onynnxonana cno rpern exeront oruer o +xcnopre opyxnx,
erannsnponan nocranxn n 2010 r.
17
Oruer coepxan nn]opmannm, xoropax ne
tna npecrannena n npetymnx nsannxx, nanpnmep, onncanne nocran-
nenntx ronapon n nx xonnuecrno nnn nec. Xopnarnx onynnxonana nropo
exeront oruer o +xcnopre opyxnx, erannsnponan nocranxn n 2010 r.
18
H n
+rom cnyuae oruer coepxan nn]opmannm, ne npecrannennym n nepnom ns-
annn, nanpnmep, noponocrn ]axrnuecxoro +xcnopra nepnoe nsanne ox-
nartnano nnmt ntannte +xcnoprnte nnnensnn n cneennx nno o xonnue-
crne, nno o nece nocrannenntx ronapon. Hanpornn, camoe nocnenee nsa-
nne oruera 655, onynnxonannoe Iocyapcrnenntm enapramenrom
Coennenntx Braron, xoropt npeocrannxer nn]opmannm o ronapax, nn-

13
Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), Exports of Arms and Military Equipment from
Poland: Report for the Years 20082009 (MFA: Warsaw, 2010); n Polish Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Exports of Arms and Military Equipment from Poland: Report for 2010 (MFA: Warsaw,
2011).
14
Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), Trade Controls
and Technical Barriers Bureau, Export Controls Division, Report on Exports of Military Goods
from Canada 20072009 (DFAIT: Ottawa, 2011). Hpetymn xanacxn nannonantnt or-
uer, onynnxonannt n 2009 r., oxnartnan +xcnopr sa 2006 r.
15
Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (cnocxa 14), pp. 5, 7.
16
Irish Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (DJE), Annual Report under the Con-
trol of Exports Act 2008 Covering the Period 20082010 (DJE: Dublin, 2011). o +roro oruera
camte cnexne nmemmnecx n nannunn annte ornocnnnct x nnnensnxm, ntanntm n xnnape
1998 r.
17
Albanian State Export Control Authority, Annual Report on Export Control for 2010 (Min-
istry of Defence: Tirana, 2011).
18
Croatian Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship (MELE), Annual Report on
Export and Import of Military Goods and Non-Military Lethal Goods for 2010 (MELE: Zagreb,
[2011]).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 328
nensnponanntx na +xcnopr n +xcnoprnpyemtx no nporpamme npxmtx xom-
mepuecxnx onepann, coepxano mentme noponocre, uem n npetymne
rot
19
. Xorx oruer tn onynnxonan na mecrt mecxnen pantme, uem npet-
ymne nsannx, nn]opmannx tna pasnecena no xareropnxm, a ne no noxare-
ropnxm Cnncxa noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn CBA, xax +ro tno n npet-
ymnx nsannxx
20
.
Omax nosnnnx EC, onpeenxmmax omne npannna perynnponannx xon-
rponx na +xcnoprom noenno rexnonornn n rexnnxn, rpeyer, urot rocy-
apcrna unent EC omennnannct nn]opmanne o enexno cronmocrn nt-
anntx +xcnoprntx nnnensn n ]axrnuecxoro +xcnopra, panno xax n nn]op-
manne o orxase n ntaue nnnensn na +xcnopr opyxnx
21
. Coner EC
xomnnnnpyer n nynnxyer +rn annte n exeronom osope. 13- exeront
osop, onynnxonannt n exape 2011 r., oxnartnaer nocranxn n reuenne
2010 r. nx 12-ro, rax n 13-ro exeronoro osopa npeocrannnn nonnym nn-
]opmannm r. e. coomnnn annte o enexno cronmocrn nnnensn na +xc-
nopr opyxnx n ]axrnuecxoro +xcnopra opyxnx c pasnnxo no mecram nasna-
uennx nocranox n xareropnxm Cnncxa noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn EC 17
ns 27 rocyapcrn unenon EC, uro mentme no cpannennm c 19 rocyapcrnamn,
nepeanmnmn raxym nn]opmannm nx 11-ro exeronoro osopa
22
. Hexoropte
rocyapcrna nxnmuax upannnm, Iepmannm n Bennxopnrannm, rpn xpyn-
nemnx n EC +xcnoprepa noopyxenn npoonxamr ncntrtnart rpynocrn
co copom n npecrannennem anntx no ]axrnuecxomy +xcnopry opyxnx,
pasnrtx no xareropnxm Cnncxa noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn EC
23
.
Hontma eme ono rocyapcrno, xoropoe ne npeocrannxer annte o ]axrn-
uecxom +xcnopre, ormeuano, uro onn ns cnocoon nonyunrt annte o ]axrn-
uecxom +xcnopre opyxnx +ro norpeonart or xomnann coomnrt o nc-
nontsonannn ntanntx nm +xcnoprntx nnnensn
24
.


19
US Department of State, Direct Commercial Sales authorizations for fiscal year 2010,
Report pursuant to Section 655 of the Foreign Assistance Act, [n.d.], <http://www.pmddtc.state.
gov/reports/655_intro.html>.
20
Cm. raxxe: Bromley, M., The financial value of states arms exports, 20002009, SIPRI
Yearbook 2011, pp. 306307.
21
Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 Dec. 2008 defining common rules govern-
ing control of exports of military technology and equipment, Official Journal of the European
Union, L335, 13 Dec. 2008.
22
Council of the European Union, Thirteenth Annual Report according to Article 8(2) of
Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP defining common rules governing control of exports of
military technology and equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, C382, 30 Dec. 2011;
Council of the European Union, Twelfth Annual Report according to Article 8(2) of Council
Common Position 2008/944/CFSP defining common rules governing control of exports of military
technology and equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, C9, 13 Jan. 2011; n Council
of the European Union, Eleventh Annual Report according to Article 8(2) of Council Common
Position 2008/944/CFSP defining common rules governing control of exports of military technol-
ogy and equipment, Official Journal of the European Union, C265, 6 Nov. 2010.
23
Weber and Bromley (cnocxa11).
24
Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Report for 2010 (cnocxa 13), p. 15.
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 329
Tannna 6.9. Iocyapc1na, yuac1nonanmne n ueaynaponmx, pernonantnmx
n nannonantnmx uexannsuax o1ue1noc1n o noc1anxax opyann n 20092011 rr.
3nax x osnauaer, uro rocyapcrno n nepno 20092011 rr. onynnxonano nnn npecrannno xorx
t onn oruer. B cnyuaxx c Perncrpom OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm n Oprannsannn amepnxan-
cxnx rocyapcrn, nont osnauaer nyneno oruer. B cnyuae c EC snesouxa * osnauaer npeoc-
rannenne nonnoro naopa anntx (cm. npnmeuanne nnxe).
Pernc1p OOH no omu-
nmu noopyaennnu


Pernonantnme o1ue1m
Hannonantnme o1ue1m
C1pana
3xcnop1
nnn
nunop1
Ocnonnan
nnqopuannn
no c1penxo-
nouy opyanm
n nerxnu
nnau
noopyaennn
EC
a
OAI
b

3xcnop1nme
nnnensnn
c

3xcnop1
opyann
d

Anannx x (nont) x x
Anoppa x (nont) x
Anrnrya n x (nont) x (nont)
Fapya
Aprenrnna x x (nont)
Apmennx x (nont) x
Ancrpannx x x
Ancrpnx x x x* x x
Asepaxan x
Fanrnaem x x
Fenapyct
e
x
Fentrnx x x x x
f

Fenns x (nont)
Fyran x (nont)
Fonnnnx x (nont) x x (nont)
Focnnx n x x x
Iepneronnna
Fpasnnnx x x
Fonrapnx x x x* x x
Fypynn x (nont)
Kamoxa x (nont)
Kanaa x x x
unnn x x x
Knra x
Konymnx x x
Komopcxne x (nont) x (nont)
Ocrpona
Ocrpona Kyxa x (nont)
Kocra-Pnxa x (nont)
Xopnarnx x x x x
Knnp x x (nont) x*
uemcxax x x x* x x
Pecnynnxa
annx x x x x
omnnnxancxax x
Pecnynnxa
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 330
Hpoonxenne rannnt 6. 9
Pernc1p OOH no omu-
nmu noopyaennnu


Pernonantnme o1ue1m
Hannonantnme o1ue1m
C1pana
3xcnop1
nnn
nunop1
Ocnonnan
nnqopuannn
no c1penxo-
nouy opyanm
n nerxnu
nnau
noopyaennn
EC
a
OAI
b

3xcnop1nme
nnnensnn
c

3xcnop1
opyann
d

3xnaop x x
Cantnaop x (nont) x (nont) x (nont)
3cronnx x x* x
unnnxnnx x x* x x
upannnx x x x x x
Iepmannx x x x x x
Ipennx x x x*
Ipenaa x (nont) x
Inaremana x (nont)
Iaana x (nont) x
Benrpnx x x x* x x
Hcnannx x (nont) x
Hnnx x
Hnonesnx x x
Hpnannx x x x* x
Hspannt x
Hrannx x x x x x
nonnx x x (nont)
g

Kasaxcran x x
Rxnax Kopex x x
Ktprtscran x (nont)
Haoc x (nont)
Harnnx x x x*
Hnnan x (nont) x (nont)
Hnxrenmren x (nont) x
Hnrna x x x*
Hmxcemypr x*
Manasnx x
Maxeonnx, FRP x (nont) x
Mantra x (nont) x (nont) x*
Manpnxn x (nont)
Mexcnxa x x x (nont)
Monona x (nont) x
Monaxo x (nont)
Monronnx x (nont) x
uepnoropnx x x x x
Haypy x (nont)
Hnepnant x x x* x
Honax 3enannx x x
Hopnernx x x x
Haxncran x
Hanay x (nont)
Hanama x (nont) x
Hepy x x x
MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 331
Pernc1p OOH no omu-
nmu noopyaennnu


Pernonantnme o1ue1m
Hannonantnme o1ue1m
C1pana
3xcnop1
nnn
nunop1
Ocnonnan
nnqopuannn
no c1penxo-
nouy opyanm
n nerxnu
nnau
noopyaennn
EC
a
OAI
b

3xcnop1nme
nnnensnn
c

3xcnop1
opyann
d

unnnnnnnt x (nont) x
Hontma x x x x
Hopryrannx x x x* x x
Pymtnnx x x x* x x
Poccnx x
Cenr-Bnncenr n x (nont) x
Ipenannt
Camoa x (nont)
Can-Mapnno x (nont) x
Cepnx x x x x
Cementcxne Ocrpona x (nont)
Cnnranyp x
Cnonaxnx x x x* x x
Cnonennx x x x* x x
Conomonont Ocrpona x (nont)
Rxnax A]pnxa x x
Hcnannx x x x* x x
Cypnnam x (nont)
Cnasnnen x (nont) x (nont)
Bnennx x x
h
x x x
Bnenapnx x x x
Taxnxncran x (nont)
Tannan x x
Tpnnna n Toaro x (nont) x (nont)
Tynnc x (nont)
Typnnx x x
Typxmenncran x (nont)
Yxpanna x x x
Bennxopnrannx x x x x
CBA x x x
Ypyrna x (nont)
Bternam x (nont)
Hroro:
106 rocyapcrn 104 68 27 8 27 23
(43 nont) (10 nont) (19*) (4 nont)
EC = Enponecxn coms; OAI = Oprannsannx amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn.
a
Omax nosnnnx EC, onpeenxmmax omne npannna perynnponannx xonrponx sa +xcnop-
rom noenntx rexnonorn n rexnnxn, rpeyer, urot rocyapcrna unent EC omennnannct
cneennxmn o enexno cronmocrn ntanntx +xcnoprntx nnnensn n ]axrnuecxoro +xcnop-
ra, a raxxe nn]opmanne o orxasax n ntaue nnnensn na +xcnopr noopyxenn. 3rn annte
nynnxymrcx n exeronom oruere. Crpana nomeuaercx xax npeocrannnmax nonnt naop
anntx nx exeronoro oruera EC, ecnn ona npecrannna annte n no nnnensnxm na +xcnopr
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 332
noopyxenn, n no ]axrnuecxomy +xcnopry, c pasnnxo no mecram nasnauennx nocranox n
xareropnxm Cnncxa noopyxenn EC.
b
Mexamepnxancxax xonnennnx no rpancnapenrnocrn saxynox otuntx nnon noopyxe-
nn (Konnennnx Oprannsannn amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn no rpancnapenrnocrn) 1999 r. tna
cocrannena no opasny Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm. Ona rpeyer, urot npann-
rentcrna rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon npecrannxnn exeronte oruert o ncem nmnopre n +xcnopre
c pasnnxo no cemn xareropnxm ocnonntx nnon otuntx noopyxenn Perncrpa OOH no
otuntm noopyxennxm.
c
Crpana nomeuaercx xax npeocrannnmax nn]opmannm o nnnensnxx na +xcnopr noopy-
xenn n cnoem nannonantnom oruere, ecnn ona yxasana mecra nasnauennx +xcnoprntx nocra-
nox noopyxenn, na xoropte tnn ntant nnnensnn.
d
Crpana nomeuena xax npeocrannnmax nn]opmannm o ]axrnuecxom +xcnopre opyxnx n
cnoem nannonantnom oruere, ecnn ona yxasana mecra nasnauennx, n xoropte tno +xcnoprn-
ponano opyxne.
e
B mae 2009 r. Fenapyct onynnxonana oruer o +xcnoprnom xonrpone n +xcnopre noo-
pyxenn n 2008 r., onaxo n +rom oruere orcyrcrnyer nn]opmannx o ntanntx nnnensnxx na
+xcnopr, orxasax n ntaue nnnensn n r. .
f
C 2003 r. sa ntauy +xcnoprntx nnnensn orneuamr rpn pernonantntx npannrentcrna
Fentrnn (Fpmccent, unanpnx n Bannonnx). Kaxt pernon npecrannxer cno cocrnennt
oruer o +xcnopre noopyxenn, xoropt xnnxercx onee nopontm no cpannennm c nanno-
nantntm oruerom Fentrnn.
g
nonnx n 2009 n 2010 r. npecrannna n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm oc-
nonnym nn]opmannm o saxynxe crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxennx y nanno-
nantntx nponsnonrene.
h
Bnennx npeocrannna nn]opmannm rontxo o xareropnxx cncrem opyxnx n crpanax na-
snauennx nnn nponcxoxennx nocranox, no ne coomnna o xonnuecrne ennnn crpenxonoro
opyxnx n nerxnx nnon noopyxennx, nmnoprnponannoro nnn +xcnoprnponannoro n 2009 n
2010 rr.
Hcmo:uuru: asa anntx Perncrpa OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm, <http://www.un-regis-
ter.org/>; Council of the European Union, 11th13th annual reports according to Article 8(2) of
Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP defining common rules governing control of exports of
military technology and equipment, <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/eeas/foreign-policy/non-pro-
liferation,-disarmament-and-export-control-/security-related-export-controls-ii>; Organization of Ame-
rican States, Catalogue of Member States Reports Presented in Compliance with General Assem-
bly Resolutions on Hemispheric Security Issues, <http://www.apps.oas.org/cshdocs/>; n nanno-
nantnte oruert, copannte na care <http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/ tran-
sparency/national_reports>.


MEVHAPOHAB TOPIOBHB OPVHEM 333
VI. CTOHMOCTHOH OFTEM 3KCHOPTA OPYH
IOCYAPCTBAMH B 20012010 rr.

Mapx FPOMHH

B rannne 6.10 npnnoxrcx o]nnnantnte annte o cronmocrnom oe-
me (enexno cronmocrn) +xcnopra opyxnx rocyapcrnamn n 20012010 rr. B
ne yxasant rontxo re crpant, xoropte npeocrannnn o]nnnantnte annte
o cronmocrnom oeme +xcnopra noopyxenn, nnnensn na +xcnopr noo-
pyxennx nnn cornamenn o +xcnopre noopyxennx no xpane mepe sa 6 ns
10 oxnauenntx ner n cpenn oem +xcnopra xoroptx npentman 10 mnn onn.
Bo ncex cnyuaxx saxnnennt oxnar anntx npnnonrcx cornacno xstxy,
ncnontsyemomy n o]nnnantno nynnxannn, ns xoropo tnn nsxrt annte.
Hannonantnte noxot n +ro onacrn naptnpymrcx, no +xcnopr noopyxe-
nn otuno ornocnrcx x cronmocrnomy oemy ]axrnuecxn +xcnoprnpo-
nannoro noopyxennx, nnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx x cronmocrnomy
oemy nnnensn na +xcnopr noopyxennx, ntanntx nannonantntm opranom
no nnnensnponannm +xcnopra, n cornamennx o +xcnopre noopyxennx x
cronmocrnomy oemy nonncanntx cornamenn no +xcnopry noopyxennx.
Hpnneennte n ran. 6.10 annte o +xcnopre noopyxennx pasntx crpan ne
oxsarentno conocrannmt mexy coo n moryr ocnontnartcx na cymecr-
nenno pasnnuammnxcx onpeenennxx n meroonornxx.
Hepecuer n onnapt CBA n nocroxnntx (2010 r.) nenax cenan c nc-
nontsonannem ptnountx omenntx xypcon coornercrnymmero roa n nnex-
ca norpenrentcxnx nen CBA.



3
3
4














B
O
E
H
H
B
E

P
A
C
X
O

B

H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
,

2
0
1
1

Tannna 6.10. C1onuoc1non oseu +xcnop1a opyann rocyapc1naun cornacno nannonantnmu npann1entc1nennmu n npoummnennmu
nc1ounnxau n 20012010 rr.
annte npnnoxrcx n mnnnnonax onnapon CBA n nocroxnntx nenax 2010 r. annte npnnoxrcx sa xanenapnte rot,
ecnn ne yxasano nnoe.
Iocyapc1no 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 3annnennmn oxna1 annmx
Ancrpnx . . 50 155 6 157 197 178 312 491 494 3xcnopr noopyxenn
425 267 329 23 355 415 1985 1403 3177 2342 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Fentrnx 936 1307 891 780 355 1193 1295 1981 1556 1328 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Focnnx n . . . . . . 50 89 68 55 86 66 . . Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Iepneronnna
Fpasnnnx 357 202 58 329 318 381 168 38 101 . . 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Fonrapnx . . . . . . . . 197 152 213 223 205 342 3xcnopr noopyxenn
. . . . . . . . 443 596 544 705 446 392 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Kanaa 471 524 613 571 297 343 319 530 482 . . 3xcnopr noopyxenn
a

uemcxax 67 88 111 129 122 126 250 282 247 287 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Pecnynnxa
. . . . 142 178 168 247 687 315 551 597 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
annx 85 129 107 145 124 176 282 242 356 498 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
unnnxnnx 44 62 66 60 143 72 108 138 123 78 3xcnopr noopyxenn
41 67 136 470 61 117 82 500 264 81 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
upannnx 3489 5054 5746 10209 5296 5474 6535 4707 5261 5010 3xcnopr noopyxenn
4454 4284 5644 4846 5713 7808 8147 9768 11527 6778 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Iepmannx 404 363 1783 1618 2263 1864 2173 2117 1891 2806 3xcnopr noopyxenn
b

4061 3717 6507 5457 5854 5684 5280 8587 7121 6296 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Ipennx 56 59 150 22 40 119 47 71 321 391 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Benrpnx . . . . 15 13 17 22 24 22 24 25 3xcnopr noopyxenn
. . . . 66 57 44 84 138 177 179 183 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Hnnx . . 28 112 81 65 102 87 200 70 . . 3xcnopr noopyxenn
c

Hpnannx 60 41 47 39 42 62 47 46 64 32 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Hspannt 3102 4878 3556 4271 3908 5300 5889 6407 7013 7200 Cornamennx o +xcnopre noopyxenn
Hrannx 611 556 843 688 1154 1316 1824 2636 3113 816 3xcnopr noopyxenn
951 1050 1715 2136 1890 2974 6828 8398 9450 4306 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Rxnax Kopex 246 170 284 485 290 270 888 1043 1189 1190 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Hnrna 16 . . 4 7 11 91 70 112 30 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx

M
E

V
H
A
P
O

H
A
B

T
O
P
I
O
B
H
B

O
P
V

H
E
M

















3
3
5
Hnepnant . . . . . . . . 947 1096 1258 742 801 895 3xcnopr noopyxenn
717 513 1540 894 1632 1527 1032 1866 1857 1209 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Hopnernx 219 349 506 345 426 492 574 699 734 592 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Hontma . . . . 245 377 403 373 413 546 1964 605 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Hopryrannx 12 7 33 17 10 1 . . 105 23 26 3xcnopr noopyxenn
21 . . 41 24 17 1 39 113 40 28 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Pymtnnx 31 53 82 48 51 108 88 123 138 163 3xcnopr noopyxenn
42 . . . . . . 111 119 178 177 233 201 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Poccnx 4563 5843 6638 6673 6840 7031 7782 8457 8639 10000 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Cnonaxnx . . . . . . 29 29 43 53 56 62 20 3xcnopr noopyxenn
. . . . 51 93 69 87 107 105 151 77 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Rxnax A]pnxa 248 295 485 489 . . 463 597 723 937 1138 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Hcnannx 255 314 512 582 582 1147 1344 1386 1902 1494 3xcnopr noopyxenn
376 646 357 631 1708 1759 2824 3747 4508 2964 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Bnennx 365 428 950 1145 1289 1521 1494 1951 1801 1907 3xcnopr noopyxenn
2849 732 1322 1020 2263 2204 1063 1476 1474 1835 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
Bnenapnx 188 216 334 373 231 343 407 675 680 614 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Typnnx 165 301 392 226 376 381 442 583 681 634 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Yxpanna 616 606 593 . . . . . . 736 810 813 957 3xcnopr noopyxenn
Bennxopnrannx 7474 7486 8796 10911 9190 9348 11519 . . . . . . 3xcnopr noopyxenn
d

7375 9159 9448 9609 8098 11000 20309 8112 11481 9007 3axast na +xcnopr noopyxenn
d

. . 3647 6005 4264 4188 3235 1888 3658 4888 3757 Hnnensnn na +xcnopr noopyxennx
CBA 11253 11812 12855 13408 13148 13326 12944 12075 14540 12189 3xcnopr noopyxenn
13965 15655 16934 14286 14062 16731 25129 37186 22640 21255 Cornamennx o +xcnopre noopyxenn
a
3rn annte ne nxnmuamr +xcnopr n CBA.
b
3rn annte oxnartnamr rontxo +xcnopr oenoro opyxnx, cornacno onpeenennm repmancxoro nannonantnoro saxonoarentcrna.
c
annte no Hnnn sa 20012008 rr. ornocxrcx x nepnoy c 1 anpenx no 31 mapra. annte sa 2009 r. oxnartnamr nepno c 1 anpenx no
31 exapx 2009 r.
d
3rn annte oxnartnamr +xcnopr rexnnxn ooponnoro nasnauennx, a raxxe a+poxocmnuecxo rexnnxn n ycnyr.
Hcmo:uuru: onynnxonannax nn]opmannx nnn npxmte xonraxrt c npannrentcrnamn nnn o]nnnantntmn npomtmnenntmn oprannsa-
nnxmn. Honnt nepeuent ncrounnxon n nce nmemmnecx cronmocrnte annte o +xcnopre noopyxenn cm.: <http://www.sipri.org/research/
armaments/transfers/measuring/financial_values>.


7. REPHBE CHAB CTPAH MHPA


KPATKHH OF3OP

B ua:a.e 2012 e. eoce+i eocyoapcme oo.aoa.u npu+epuo 4400 onepamue-
uo paseepuymi+u eouuua+u oepuoeo opy+u. Ho:mu 2000 eouuu omoeo
opy+u uaxoou.uci e cocmouuu eicoro cmeneuu ooeeomoeuocmu. Ec.u co-
c:umami ece oepuie ooeeo.oeru onepamueuo paseepuymie ooeeo.oeru, pe-
sepei, uaxoouuec rar ua armueuo+, mar u uearmueuo+ xpaueuuu, u ueno-
epe+oeuuie ooeeo.oeru, o+uoamuue oe+ouma+a, mo Coeouueuuie Lma-
mi, Poccu, Be.uroopumauu, 4pauu, Kuma, Huou, Harucmau u Hspau.i
e coeorynuocmu oo.aoamm npuo.usume.iuo 19 000 eouuu oepuoeo opy+u
(c+. mao.. 7.1).
Bce nmi oquua.iuo npusuauuix oepuix oep+ae, no onpeoe.euum
oeoeopa 1968 e. o uepacnpocmpaueuuu oepuoeo opy+u (HBO), Kuma,
4pauu, Poccu, Be.uroopumauu u CLA, rar npeocmae.emc, peuu-
me.iuo uacmpoeui ocmaeamic oepui+u oep+aea+u e me:euue ueonpeoe-
.euuoeo oyoyueeo. B Poccuu u CLA pea.usymmc rpynuie npoepa++i +o-
oepuusauu cucme+ oocmaeru oepuoeo opy+u, ooeeo.oeor u npouseoocm-
eeuuix +ouuocme (c+. pasoe.i I u II omo e.aei). B mo +e ca+oe epe+
ouu npooo.+amm corpauami ceou oepuie cu.i, eino.u oeycmopouuu
uoei oeoeop 2010 e. o corpaueuuu cmpameeu:ecrux uacmyname.iuix eoo-
py+euu, romopi ecmynu. e cu.y e 2011 e., a mar+e peueuu oo oouocmopou-
ue+ corpaueuuu cu.. Hocro.iry Poccu u CLA oo.aoamm oey+ rpynueuu+u
apceua.a+u oepuoeo opy+u, eeci+a sua:ume.iuo npeeocxoouu+u apceua.i
opyeux cmpau, oouu us pesy.imamoe cocmoum e mo+, :mo oouee ro.u:ecmeo
oepuoeo opy+u e +upe y+euiuu.oci. Boepuie apceua.i mpex opyeux oqu-
ua.iuo npusuauuix oepuix oep+ae cyuecmeeuuo +euiue, uo ece omu cmpa-
ui .uoo y+e paseepmieamm uoeoe oepuoe opy+ue, .uoo sae.mm o ceoe+
ua+epeuuu coe.ami omo e o.u+aue+ oyoyue+ (c+. pasoe.i IIIV). Kuma
e.emc eouucmeeuuo oquua.iuo npusuauuo oepuo oep+aeo, romo-
pa, rar npeocmae.emc, uapauueaem ceou oepuie cu.i.
ocmynuocmi oocmoeepuo uuqop+auu oo apceua.ax oepuix oep+ae
sua:ume.iuo eapiupyemc. 4pauu, Be.uroopumauu u CLA ueoaeuo pac-
rpi.u ea+uym uuqop+aum o ceoux oepuix nomeuua.ax. Hanpomue,
mpaucnapeumuocmi e Poccuu cuusu.aci e pesy.imame ee peueuu ue nyo.u-
roeami noopoouie oauuie omuocume.iuo cmpameeu:ecrux oepuix cu.,
noonaoamuux noo Hoei oeoeop o corpaueuuu cmpameeu:ecrux oepuix
cu., oa+e npu mo+, :mo Poccu oe.umc maro uuqop+aue c CLA. Ku-
ma, ucxoo us ceoe oaeue cmpameeuu coep+ueauu, ocmaemc e eicue
cmeneuu uenpospa:uo cmpauo, noomo+y oocmynua uuporo nyo.ure uu-
qop+au o eeo oepuix cu.ax u eoeuuo-npo+iu.euuo+ ro+n.erce nparmu-
:ecru omcymcmeyem.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 337
Ho.y:euue uaoe+uo uuqop+auu oo onepamueuo+ cmamyce oepuix ap-
ceua.oe u nomeuua.ax mpex eocyoapcme, romopie uuroeoa ue oi.u y:acmuu-
ra+u HBO, Huouu, Hspau. u Harucmaua, ocooeuuo sampyoueuo. Hpu


Tannna 7.1. Repnme cnnm c1pan unpa no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Bce annte xnnxmrcx npnnnsnrentntmn.
C1pana
Io nepnoro
nepnoro
ncnm1annn
Pasnepny1me
oerononxn
a

Hpoune
oerononxn
b

Conoxynnmn sanac
CBA 1945 2 150
c
5 850 ~8 000
d

Poccnx 1949 1 800
e
8 200
f
~10 000
g

Bennxopnrannx 1952 160 65 225
upannnx 1960 290 10 ~300
Knra 1964 . . 200
h
~240
Hnnx 1974 . . 80100
h
80100
Haxncran 1998 . . 90110
h
90110
Hspannt . . . . ~80
h
~80
Cenepnax Kopex 2006 . . . . ?
i

H1oro ~4400 ~14600 ~19000
a
Pasnepnyrte osnauamr oerononxn, ycranonnennte na paxerax nnn naxoxmnecx na
asax oneparnnntx cnn.
b
Foerononxn, naxoxmnecx n pesepne, oxnammne emonraxa nno rpeymmne onpee-
nenno nororonxn (nanpnmep, copxn nno sarpysxn na nocnrenn), npexe uem onn yyr
nonnocrtm roront x npnmenennm.
c
Homnmo crparernuecxnx oerononox, +rn annte nxnmuamr npnnnsnrentno 200 e.
necrparernuecxoro (raxrnuecxoro) xepnoro opyxnx, pasmemenntx n Enpone.
d
3anac xepnoro opyxnx Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA cocronr ns npnnnsnrentno 4900
oerononox. Eme oxono 3100 cnxrtx c noopyxennx oerononox onxnt trt emonrnponant
x 2022 r.
e
3rn oerononxn npenasnauent nx ocranxn pasnepnyrtmn crparernuecxnmn nycxo-
ntmn cncremamn (mexxonrnnenrantntmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn, annncrnuecxnmn pa-
xeramn na nonontx noxax n omapnponmnxamn antnero panyca ecrnnx).
f
3rn annte nxnmuamr o 4000 e. necrparernuecxoro (raxrnuecxoro) xepnoro opyxnx,
npenasnauennoro nx ncnontsonannx noenno-mopcxnmn, noenno-nosymntmn cnnamn n cn-
namn npornnonosymno oopont c nomomtm cpecrn ocranxn manoro panyca ecrnnx. B
2010 r. poccncxoe npannrentcrno oxnnno, uro nce raxrnuecxoe xepnoe opyxne naxonrcx
na cxnaax n ne pasnepnyro.
g
3rn annte nxnmuamr noennte sanact, npecrannennte npnnnsnrentno 4500 xep-
ntmn oerononxamn, n eme oxono 5500 cnxrtx c noopyxennx oerononox, xoropte oxna-
mrcx emonraxa.
h
Hpenonaraercx, uro xepnte sanact Knrax, Hnnn, Haxncrana n Hspannx pasnepnyrt
nnmt uacrnuno.
i
Cenepnax Kopex nponena ncntrannx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn n 2006 n 2009 rr.,
onaxo nynnunax nn]opmannx, nornepxammax, uro crpana onaaer rorontm x npnmene-
nnm xepntm opyxnem, orcyrcrnyer.


BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 338
omcymcmeuu oquua.iuix sae.euu u+emuac e ua.u:uu uuqop+au sa-
:acmym npomueope:uea u.u uemo:ua. Huou u Harucmau pacuupmm ceou
eos+o+uocmu o. uaueceuu oepuoeo yoapa, e mo epe+ rar Hspau.i, noxo-
+e, ei+uoaem u xo:em noc+ompemi, rar oyoem paseueamic cumyau e
Hpaue (c+. pasoe.i VIVIII. eemoe eocyoapcmeo Kopecra Hapoouo-
e+orpamu:ecra Pecnyo.ura (KHP, u.u Ceeepua Kope) npooe+oucmpu-
poea.o eoeuui oepui nomeuua.. Oouaro nyo.u:ua uuqop+au, noo-
meep+oamua, :mo KHP oo.aoaem onepamueui+ oepui+ opy+ue+, om-
cymcmeyem (c+. pasoe. IX).
Cipie+ o. npouseoocmea oepuoeo opy+u e.mmc pacuen.muuec
+amepua.i: eicoro oooeaueuui ypau (BOV) .uoo eioe.euui n.ymouu.
Hmi oepuix oep+ae npouseoou.u rar eicorooooeaueuui ypau, mar u n.y-
mouu. Huou, Hspau.i u Ceeepua Kope npouseoou.u npeu+yuecmeeuuo
n.ymouu, a Harucmau eicorooooeaueuui opy+eui ypau (c+. pasoe. X).
auuie no oepui+ cu.a+, npeocmae.euuie e omo e.aee, oeuru, oc-
uoeauuie ua u+emuec e omrpimo+ oocmyne uuqop+auu u cooep+auue
ueromopi o.e+eum ueonpeoe.euuocmu, :mo ompa+euo e npu+e:auux r
mao.ua+.

Bennon H. KAHH
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 339
I. EPHIE CHHI CBA

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r., CBA pacnonarann apcenanom, onenen-
ntm npnnnsnrentno n 2150 pasnepnyrtx xepntx oerononox n cocroxmnm
ns npnmepno 1950 crparernuecxnx n 200 necrparernuecxnx oerononox
(cm. ran. 7.2). B ononnenne x +romy oneparnnno pasnepnyromy apcenany
oxono 2750 oerononox naxonnnct n pesepne, uro ononno omn apcenan
o npnmepno 4900 oerononox. Eme 3100 oerononox, cnxrtx c noopyxennx,
oxnamr emonraxa, n, cneonarentno, conoxynnte sanact cocrannxmr npn-
nnsnrentno 8000 oerononox.
Yponent oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx cnn conocrannm c onenxo, npecran-
nenno n Exeronnxe CHHPH 2011
1
. Heontmoe coxpamenne conoxynntx
sanacon nponcxonr ns-sa npoonxammerocx ntnoa ns crpox nstrountx
oerononox W76.
B coornercrnnn c ntnonnennem poccncxo-amepnxancxoro oronopa o
mepax no antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacry-
narentntx noopyxenn 2010 r. (nont oronop no CHB), CBA onynnxona-
nn nonnte necexpernte cneennx o cnonx crparernuecxnx xepntx cnnax c
pasnnxo no pasnepnyrtm n nepasnepnyrtm paxeram n omapnponmnxam
na orentntx asax, a raxxe no oerononxam, naxoxmnmcx na nnx
2
. Ho co-
croxnnm na 1 cenrxpx 2011 r., CBA pasnepnynn 697 annncrnuecxnx paxer
nasemnoro n mopcxoro asnponannx n 125 crparernuecxnx omapnponmn-
xon; eme 485 nepasnepnyrtx paxer n 25 omapnponmnxon naxonnnct n sa-
nace. Ha ncex pasnepnyrtx cnnax naxonnoct n ome cnoxnocrn 1790 oe-
rononox. Hocxontxy xaxomy pasnepnyromy omapnponmnxy npnnnctnaer-
cx rontxo 1 oerononxa, annncrnuecxne paxert necyr 1665 oerononox
3
.
urot ocrnut x ]enpanm 2018 r. ycranonnennoro n nonom oronope no
CHB nnmnra, CBA n reuenne cneymmnx cemn ner npnercx nsannrtcx
ncero nnmt or 100 ononnnrentntx oerononox. Onaxo, urot ne npent-
cnrt nnmnr na nycxonte ycranonxn na yponne ne onee 700 pasnepnyrtx n
100 nepasnepnyrtx nycxontx ycranonox, nm nao yer emonrnponart 243
nycxontx ycranonxn.



1
Kile, S. N. et al., World nuclear forces, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 319353.
2
US Department of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, New
START Treaty aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms, Fact sheet, 1 Dec. 2011,
<http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/178058.htm>. Kparxoe coepxanne n pyrne noponocrn o-
ronopa o mepax no antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacrynarent-
ntx noopyxenn cm. n ononnennn A nacroxmero nsannx. O cotrnxx 2011 r. cm. pasen I
rnant 8 nacroxmero nsannx.
3
Ananns amepnxancxo necexperno nn]opmannn no oronopy o mepax no antnememy
coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn cm.: Kristensen, H.,
US releases full New START data, FAS Strategic Security Blog, Federation of American Scien-
tists, 9 Dec. 2011, <http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2011/12/newstartnumbers.php>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 340
Tannna 7.2. Repnme cnnm CmA no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Tnn Oosnauenne
Kon-no
pasnepny
1mx e.
a

Hauano
pasnep1m-
nannn
ant-.
noc1t
(xu)
b

Conoxynnan
uomnoc1t
Kon-
no
oero-
nonox
C1pa1ernuecxne cnnm ~1950
Bo+oapoupoeuuru 111/60 300
B-52H Stratofortress 91/44 1961 16 000 KPBF 5150 xr 200
c

B-2 Spirit 20/16 1994 11 000 Fomt 100
d
B61-7, -11, B83-1
MBP 714/500 500
e

LGM-30G Minuteman III
Mk-12A 250 1979 13 000 13 x 335 xr 250
Mk-21 PIu 250 2006 13 000 1 x 300 xr 250
HHAPB/BPHH
f
410/288 1 152
UGM-133A Trident II (D5)
g

Mk-4 . . 1992 >7 400 4 x 100 xr 468
Mk-4A . . 2008 >7 400 4 x 100 xr 300
Mk-5 . . 1990 >7 400 4 x 475 xr 384
Hec1pa1ernuecxne nepnme cnnm 200
Fomt B61-3, -4 . . 1979 . . 0.3170 xr 200
h

RGM/UGM-109A/TLAM/N (0) 1984 2 500 1 x 5150 xr (0)
i

H1oro pasnepny1mx oerononox ~2 150
j

. . = annte orcyrcrnymr nnn nenpnmennmt; () = neonpeenennte annte; KPBF = xpt-
narax paxera nosymnoro asnponannx; MFP = mexxonrnnenrantnax annncrnuecxax paxera;
xr = xnnoronna; PIu = pasenxmmaxcx rononnax uacrt; FPHH = annncrnuecxax paxera, sa-
nycxaemax c nonono noxn; KPMF = xptnarax paxera mopcxoro asnponannx; HHAPF =
nononax noxa, aromnax, c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn.
a
Hepnax nn]pa n xononxe xonnuecrno pasnepnyrtx ennnn npecrannxer omee xonn-
uecrno nmemmnxcx ennnn, nxnmuax yuente, npenasnauennte nx ncntrann n naxox-
mnecx n pesepne. Bropax nn]pa noxastnaer xonnuecrno oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx cpecrn
ocranxn, npenasnauenntx nx ntnonnennx xepntx oentx saau. 3rn annte paccunrt-
nannct ne no npannnam nocuera, npnnxrtm n nonom oronope CHB, no+romy onn ornnuamr-
cx or anntx, npecrannenntx n oronope.
b
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnue-
cxax oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem.
c
Fomapnponmnx B-52H moxer raxxe ocrannxrt omt cnoonoro naennx B61-7 n
B83-1, onaxo +ror camoner cnyxnr npenmymecrnenno cpecrnom ocranxn KPBF. Conoxyn-
nt sanac KPBF ymentmnncx o 528 ennnn, ns xoroptx, cornacno onenxam, 200 e. naxo-
xrcx n pasnepnyrom cocroxnnn. B coornercrnnn c nontm oronopom CHB xaxomy xepno-
my omapnponmnxy npnnnctnaercx rontxo ona ennnna opyxnx, xorx n mecrax asnpona-
nnx omapnponmnxon moxer xpannrtcx ropaso ontme ennnn opyxnx.
d
Bce roronte x npnmenennm omt cnoonoro naennx npenasnauent rontxo nx om-
apnponmnxa B-2A. Fomapnponmnx B-52H raxxe moxer ocrannxrt omt, onaxo ero
xepnax oenax saaua, xax npecrannxercx, saxnmuaercx n ocranxe KPBF, nocxontxy +ror
omapnponmnx ne onaaer cnoconocrtm npeoonenart conpemennte cncremt npornno-
nosymno oopont.
e
B Osope xepno nonnrnxn 2010 r. coepxnrcx pemenne o ocnamennn n nnxamem
yymem xaxo ns MFP mononouno oerononxo npn coxpanennn nosmoxnocrn ycranon-
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 341
xn na nnx, npn neoxonmocrn, PIu HH W78. Hepeocnamenne MFP nameueno na 2013
2017 rr.
f
Hs 14 HHAPF ne n onee noox n xaxt annt momenr npemenn otuno npoxoxr
xannrantnt pemonr. Pasmemennte na nnx paxert n oerononxn n nroronom xonnuecrne pas-
nepnyrtx ennnn ne yunrtnamrcx.
g
Xorx, cornacno oronopy no CHB, cunranoct, uro paxert D5 necyr 8 oerononox xax-
ax, BMu CBA, no onenxam, ymentmnn uncno croxmnx na xaxo paxere oerononox o 4
5, urot ne npentmart ycranonnennt n oronope CHH noronox na xonnuecrno oerono-
nox. Hocranxa oerononox W76-1 nauanact n oxrxpe 2008 r.
h
C 2001 r. xonnuecrno pasmemenntx n Enpone om B61 tno n onocroponnem nopxxe
coxpameno nourn na ne rpern: c 480 o npnnnsnrentno 180 e. ononnnrentnoe xonnuecrno
om naxonrcx n pesepne.
i
Cornacno Osopy xepno nonnrnxn 2010 r., xptnarax paxera mopcxoro asnponannx
TLAM/N Tomahawk cnxra c noopyxennx.
j
C nxnmuennem ononnnrentntx npnnnsnrentno 2750 oerononox, naxoxmnxcx n pe-
sepne, omn sanac oerononox ocrnraer npnmepno 4900 ennnn. Eme oxono 3100 oerono-
nox oxnamr emonraxa, cneonarentno, conoxynnt sanac ynennunnaercx o npnnnsn-
rentno 8000 ennnn. Kpome roro, npnmepno 15 000 nnyronnentx cepeunnxon (Hnron)
cxnanponant na sanoe n Hanrexce, mrar Texac.
Hcmo:uuru: Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA, pasnnunte mxernte oxnat n npecc-
pennst; Mnnncrepcrno +neprernxn CBA, pasnnunte mxernte oxnat n nnant; Mnnn-
crepcrno oopont CBA, pasnnunte oxymenrt, nonyuennte na ocnonannn 3axona o cnooe
nn]opmannn; BBC CBA, BMu CBA n Mnnncrepcrno +neprernxn CBA, nnunte xonraxrt c
npecrannrenxmn neomcrn; Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pasnnunte
ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.


Repnan uoepnnsannn

Hapannentno c ocymecrnnennem nesnaunrentntx coxpamenn xepntx
cnn cornacno nonomy oronopy no CHB, CBA nnannpymr moepnnsnponart
cpecrna ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx, oerononxn n nponsnocrnennte mom-
nocrn no nsroronnennm oerononox. B reuenne cneymmero ecxrnnernx sa-
nnannponano norparnrt 214 mnp onn. na npoexrnponanne nonoro xnacca
nonontx noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na opry n nonoro omapn-
ponmnxa antnero panyca ecrnnx nonoro nasnauennx (cnoconoro ne-
crn xax xepnoe, rax n otunoe opyxne); nsyuenne napnanron mexxonrnnen-
rantno annncrnuecxo paxert nasemnoro asnponannx cneymmero noxo-
nennx; pasneprtnanne nonoro oenoro camonera, ocnamennoro xepntm
opyxnem; nponsnocrno ynyumenntx nnn moepnnsnponanntx xepntx oe-
rononox; n cosanne nontx nponsnocrnenntx momnocre nx nsroronnennx
xepnoro opyxnx.
Ha cneymmne ecxrnnernx sannannponant mnpoxomacmrante npo-
rpammt nponennx cpoxa cnyxt n moepnnsannn ncex nmemmnxcx y CBA
rnnon xepntx oerononox. Yxe neercx nonnomacmranoe nponsnocrno
npnmepno 1200 oerononox W76-1 nx annncrnuecxnx paxer na nonontx
noxax (FPHH) Trident II (D5), cnaxammee ]nor aromntx nonontx no-
ox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn (HHAPF) opyxnem c nontmenno rouno-
crtm naneennx. Hponsnocrno B61-12 mon]nnnponanno nepcnn, oe-
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 342
nnxmme xapaxrepncrnxn om B61-3/4/7/10, nameueno pasnepnyrt n 2017
2021 rr.
B Osope xepno nonnrnxn 2010 r. Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA rono-
pnrcx o pemennn, uro CBA ne yyr paspaartnart nonte xepnte oero-
nonxn, no paccmorpxr nect nanason napnanron nporpammt nponennx
cpoxa cnyxt, nxnmuax ononnenne cymecrnymmnx oerononox, nonropnoe
ncnontsonanne xepntx xomnonenron pasnnuntx oerononox n sameny xep-
ntx xomnonenron
4
. Hentm raxoro pemennx xnnxercx neonymenne noso-
nonnennx peantntx ncntrann xepnoro opyxnx n coxpanenne npnnepxen-
nocrn oronopy 1996 r. o nceoemnmmem sanpemennn xepntx ncntrann
(B3H). B Osope xepno nonnrnxn raxxe yxasano, uro npn nmo npo-
rpamme nponennx cpoxa cnyxt yyr ncnontsonartcx nnmt xepnte xom-
nonenrt, ocnonannte na panee ncntranntx paspaorxax, n ne yer noep-
xnnartcx nont noennt norennnan
5
. Onaxo nce yer sanncert or roro,
uro nonnmart no nontm noenntm norennnanom, nocxontxy, nanpnmep,
ycranonxa nontx oentx, nsptnuartx n ronnnnntx xomnonenron moxer cy-
mecrnenno nsmennrt cnoconocrt oerononxn ynnuroxnrt nexoropte nnt
nene
6
.


Repnan c1pa1ernn n nnannponanne

B 2011 r. amnnncrpannx npesnenra Fapaxa Oamt, roronxct x saxnm-
uennm c Poccne yymnx cornamenn o coxpamennn noopyxenn, saxasana
osop amepnxancxnx sannannponanntx nene nx nanecennx xepntx yapon
n cocroxnn oeroronnocrn
7
. Ha nepnom mexneomcrnennom +rane paort
tnn sanepment n nauane 2012 r., oxnamrcx nsmenennx n pyxonoxmnx
npnnnnnax nnannponannx noenntmn norennnantnoro npnmenennx xepnoro
opyxnx, n rom uncne n n crparernuecxom noennom nnane CBA OHHAH
(oneparnnnom nnane) 801008 crparernuecxoro cepxnnannx n rnoantnoro
yapa
8
.
nx ocymecrnnennx +roro nnana Crparernuecxoe xomanonanne CBA
(CTPATKOM) n oxrxpe 2011 r. nponeno nonnomacmrante yuennx ncex
xepntx cnn Inoantnt rpom, nentm xoroptx tna nponepxa oeroron-
nocrn nx ntnonnennx crparernuecxo xepno mnccnn mexxonrnnenrant-
ntx annncrnuecxnx paxer (MFP), annncrnuecxnx paxer na nonontx no-
xax (FPHH), omapnponmnxon antnero panyca ecrnnx, camoneron-
osanpanmnxon, xomanonannx n ynpannennx.

4
US Department of Defense (DOD), Nuclear Posture Review Report (DOD: Washington,
DC, Apr. 2010), p. xiv.
5
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 4).
6
Kristensen, H. M., Small fuzebig effect, FAS Strategic Security Blog, Federation of Ameri-
can Scientists, 14 Mar. 2007, <http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2007/03/small_fuze_-_big_effect.php>.
7
US Mission Geneva, Remarks as prepared for delivery by Tom Donilon, National Security
Advisor to the President, Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference, 29 Mar. 2011,
<http://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/31/donilon-future-nuclear-policy/>.
8
Onncanne osopa cm. n: Kristensen, H. M. and Norris, R., Reviewing nuclear guidance:
putting Obamas words into action, Arms Control Today, vol. 41 (Nov. 2011), pp. 1219.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 343
Bannnc1nuecxne paxe1m naseunoro asnponannn

CBA nmemr 450 mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer
Minuteman III, pasnepnyrtx n maxrax na rpex asax: noenno-nosymno
ase Malmstrom n mrare Monrana, noenno-nosymno ase Minot n mrare
Cenepnax axora n noenno-nosymno ase F. E. Warren n mrare Baomnnr.
B nonom oronope no CHB no cocroxnnm na 1 cenrxpx 2011 r. nepeuncnent
448 pasnepnyrtx mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer, n eme 324 ne-
pasnepnyrte mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert (266 paxer
Minuteman n 58 paxer Peacekeeper) xpanxrcx na cxnae
9
.
Fontmnncrno pasnepnyrtx mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer
necyr mononounym rononnym uacrt, no neontmoe uncno nx nce eme ocna-
meno pasenxmmnmncx rononntmn uacrxmn, uro ynennunnaer omee xonnue-
crno oerononox, cornacno onenxam, o 500. B Osope xepno nonnrnxn rono-
pnrcx o pemennn sanepmnrt nponecc no ocnamennm ncex mexxonrnnenrant-
ntx annncrnuecxnx paxer mononountmn rononntmn uacrxmn, nauart eme
n nepno amnnncrpannn npesnenra xopxa Y. Fyma
10
. Cnoconocrt mex-
xonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer necrn pasenxmmnecx rononnte
uacrn c nnnnnyantntm naneennem na nent (PIu HH) yer coxpanena nx
roro, urot ocrananact nosmoxnocrt npn neoxonmocrn sarpysnrt na nnx
cornn naxoxmnxcx n pesepne oerononox.
B sanepmammym cranm nomna mnoronernxx mnoromnnnnapno cronmo-
crtm nporpamma moepnnsannn, nanpannennax na nponenne cpoxa cnyxt pa-
xer Minuteman III o 2030 r.
11
B Osope xepno nonnrnxn ronopnrcx o peme-
nnn nauart n 20112012 rr. nepnnunoe nsyuenne nosmoxntx napnanron ntopa
nontx paxer, xoropte onxnt trt pasnepnyrt nmecro npexnnx. Fyyr nsy-
uartcx nonte cnocot asnponannx mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx
paxer, xoropte cmoryr nontcnrt nx xnnyuecrt n eme ontme ymentmnrt co-
nasn nemenennoro sanycxa. Taxax onenxa craner uacrtm paccmorpennx mn-
nncrepcrnom oopont nosmoxntx napnanron paxer, npnsnanntx samennrt nt-
ne croxmne na noopyxennn mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert
12
.


Hononme noxn c annnc1nuecxnun paxe1aun

B noenno-mopcxo ]nor CBA nxonr ]nor ns 14 aromntx nonontx
noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn (HHAPF) xnacca Ohio, xaxax ns xo-
roptx ocnamena 24 annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na nonontx noxax
(FPHH) Trident II (D5). Otuno 12 ns 14 aromntx nonontx noox c an-

9
Hepasnepnyrte mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert ne npenasnauent nx
nonropnoro pasneprtnannx; onn ncnontsymrcx n xauecrne ncrounnxa sanacntx uacre n nx
nonerntx ncntrann. Paxert Peacekeeper tnn cnxrt c noopyxennx n 20032005 rr., a max-
rt nx nnx yyr nnxnnnponant.
10
O nporpamme ocnamennx oerononxamn cm.: Kile, S. N., Fedchenko, V. and Kristensen,
H. M., World nuclear forces, 2007, SIPRI Yearbook 2007, pp. 517519.
11
Missile envy: modernizing the US ICBM force, Defense Industry Daily, 14 Mar. 2011,
<http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Missile-Envy-Modernizing-the-US-ICBM-Force-06059>.
12
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 4), pp. 23, 27.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 344
nncrnuecxnmn paxeramn cunramrcx naxoxmnmncx n crpom n nmemr na opry
n conoxynnocrn 288 FPHH D5, xaxax ns xoroptx, cornacno onenxe, onxna
necrn n cpenem 4 oerononxn, uro n ome cnoxnocrn cocrannxer npnmepno
1152 oerononxn
13
. Konnuecrno naxoxmnxcx n crpom nonontx noox mo-
xer snaunrentno xoneartcx, onaxo n annte nonoro oronopa no CHB no-
rnepxamr +ro, no cocroxnnm na 1 cenrxpx 2011 r., nnmt 10 ns 14 HHAPF
tnn sarpyxent paxeramn n necnn n ome cnoxnocrn 249 FPHH (3 HHAPF
paxer na opry ne nmenn, a ona HHAPF tna sarpyxena paxeramn nnmt uac-
rnuno). Ynennuenne uncna oerononox na xaxo paxere +rn xoneannx mo-
xer xomnencnponart; annte nonoro oronopa no CHB yxastnamr, uro 10
pasnepnyrtx nonontx noox necnn n conoxynnocrn npnmepno 1200 oe-
rononox, nnn n cpenem 45 na ony paxery.
B cpenem 64% aromntx nonontx noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn
(nocemt nnn enxrt noox) n xaxt annt momenr npemenn naxoxrcx n
mope; npn +rom xaxax nononax noxa otuno ntxonr na oenoe exyp-
crno 3 pasa n ro na 70100 ne n npononr n oneparnnnom pexnme npemx,
conocrannmoe c rem, uro tno n nepno xonono nont. o nxrn ns +rnx
HHAPF naxoxrcx n cocroxnnn nontmenno oeno roronnocrn n nmemr
na opry 120 paxer, xoropte necyr, cornacno onenxe, 540 oerononox.
Boenno-mopcxo ]nor CBA nnannpyer n 2029 r. nauart sameny noox
xnacca Ohio HHAPF nonoro noxonennx. Hpeycmorpeno crponrentcrno 12
nonontx noox nonoro xnacca, n nacroxmee npemx nsnecrnoro xax HHAPF
(X), xaxax ns xoroptx cmoxer necrn 16 annncrnuecxnx paxer Trident II
(D5). Fmxernoe ynpannenne Konrpecca npornosnponano n 2010 r., uro na
paspaorxy n crponrentcrno nonoro xnacca nonontx noox norpeyercx
100 mnp onn. Hpn oopennn ooponnoro mxera na 2012 ]nn. r. Kon-
rpecc CBA norpeonan or mnnncrepcrna oopont paccmorpert antrepnarnn-
nte paspaorxn aromntx nonontx noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn n
nenxx +xonomnn ener
14
.


Hec1pa1ernuecxoe nepnoe opyane

Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2011 r. CBA pacnonarann npnmepno 760 ne-
crparernuecxnmn xepntmn oerononxamn. B +ro uncno nxoxr oxono 200
om cnoonoro naennx B61, pasnepnyrtx n Enpone, n 300 om, xoropte
naxoxrcx n pesepne n CBA. Hpnnnsnrentno 260 oerononox nx xptnartx
paxer Tomahawk (TLAM/N), npenasnauenntx nx nopaxennx nasemntx
nene, onxnt trt cnxrt c noopyxennx n nnxamem yymem.
Fomt B61 pasnepnyrt n Enpone na mecrn annannonntx asax n nxrn
rocyapcrnax unenax Oprannsannn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa
(HATO): Fentrnn, Iepmannn, Hrannn, Hnepnanax n Typnnn
15
. Hpnmepno

13
48 paxer n 192 oerononxn, pasmemennte na 2 HHAPF, npoxoxmnx xannrantnt pe-
monr, n omem nrore ne yunrtnamrcx.
14
O noennom mxere CBA cm. pasen III rnant 4 nacroxmero nsannx.
15
B xoe pn]nnra HATO, npoxonnmero n cenrxpe 2009 r. n nocnxmennoro Osopy
xepno nonnrnxn, samecrnrent mnnncrpa oopont CBA no nonpocam nonnrnxn xemc
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 345
nononnna +rnx om npenasnauena nx ocranxn oentmn camoneramn
CBA F-15E n F-16. Camonert nexepntx crpan HATO, na xoropte nosnoxe-
na ]ynxnnx nanecennx xepntx yapon c npnmenennem xepnoro opyxnx
CBA, nxnmuamr entrncxne, ronnancxne n rypenxne oente camonert F-
16, a raxxe repmancxne n nrantxncxne camonert Tornado.
B Osope xepno nonnrnxn ronopnrcx o pemennn npncnoconrt uacrt
xomnnnponanntx mrypmonnxon-omapnponmnxon F-35 (Block IV) x nece-
nnm xepnoro opyxnx, onaxo uerxoe saxnnenne o pasneprtnannn xepnoro
opyxnx n Enpone n nem orcyrcrnyer. Camonert F-35 yyr necrn nonte B61-
12, xnnxmmnecx mon]nnnponanno nepcne B61-3/4/10 n -7.
Hocne roro xax n 2018 r. naunercx pasneprtnanne omt B61-12, ona npnn-
necer n Enpony n snaunrentno mepe nont noennt norennnan. B ne yer
ncnontsonartcx xepnt sapx or omt B61-4, maxcnmantnax momnocrt xo-
roporo cocrannxer npnnnsnrentno 50 xr. Onaxo, nocxontxy B61-12 raxxe
onxna onaart cnoconocrtm pemart re xe saaun, uro n onee momnax
crparernuecxax oma B61-7 (maxcnmantno momnocrtm 360 xr), ona yer
ocnamartcx xnocrontm xomnnexcom ynpannennx cronmocrtm 700 mnn onn.,
nontmammnm ee rounocrt. 3ro npnacr B61-12 ononnnrentnte nosmoxno-
crn nx ynnuroxennx nosemntx nene n nosnonnr nnannponmnxam yapa
ntnpart nx nopaxennx pyrnx nene sapxt onee nnsxo momnocrn, uro-
t ymentmnrt conyrcrnymmne paspymennx
16
.


Mnnnep ynomxnyn o 180 necrparernuecxnx oerononxax HATO. Bosmoxno, on nmen n nny
xonnuecrno oerononox, yxasannoe n nnane CBA no canxnnonnponannm pasmemennx n Enpo-
ne. Hnan onycxaer orxnonenne or paspemennoro uncna oerononox n npeenax 10%. US
Mission to NATO, PDUSDP Miller consults with allies on Nuclear Posture Review, Cable to US
State Department, no. 09USNATO378, 4 Sep. 2009, <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/09/09US
NATO378.html>, para. 17.
16
Onncanne B61-12 n nosmoxnocre ee npnmenennx cm.: Kristensen, H. M., B61 LEP: in-
creasing NATO nuclear capability and precision low-yield strikes, FAS Strategic Security Blog,
Federation of American Scientists, 15 June 2011, <http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2011/06/b61-12.php>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 346
II. EPHIE CHHI POCCHH

Bennon H. KAHH, Bnrann uEuEHKO, unnnnn BEHH
n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r., Poccnx onaana apcenanom npnmepno
n 1800 pasnepnyrtx xepntx oerononox, n nce onn nno tnn ycranonnent
na crparernuecxnx paxerax antnero panyca ecrnnx, nno xpannnnct na
asax oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx cnn (cm. ran. 7.3). Konnuecrno oerononox
ymentmnnoct no cpannennm c anntmn, onynnxonanntmn n Exeronnxe
CHHPH 2011, uro xnnxercx orpaxennem nepecuera, nponsneennoro na ocno-
ne arpernponanntx anntx nonoro oronopa no CHB n xoppexrnponxn no-
cuera opyxnx na omapnponmnxax. Kpome roro, Poccnx onaana snaun-
rentntm sanacom nepasnepnyrtx xepntx oerononox, cocroxmnm ns npn-
mepno 2000 necrparernuecxnx (raxrnuecxnx) xepntx oerononox, naxox-
mnxcx n pesepne, n eme 5500 oerononox, xoropte cnxrt c noopyxennx n
oxnamr emonraxa.
B 2011 r. Poccnx n Coennennte Brart nponsnenn na omena annt-
mn o xonnuecrne, pasmemennn n rexnnuecxnx xapaxrepncrnxax cnonx crpare-
rnuecxnx xepntx cnn, xoropte xnnxmrcx npemerom nonoro oronopa no
CHB
1
. Ho cocroxnnm na 1 cenrxpx 2011 r., Poccnx pasnepnyna n conoxynno-
crn 1566 oerononox, ycranonnenntx na 516 oxnauenntx oronopom crpare-
rnuecxnx nycxontx ycranonxax mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx pa-
xerax (MFP), annncrnuecxnx paxerax na nonontx noxax (FPHH) n rxxe-
ntx omapnponmnxax
2
. 3ro osnauano, uro Poccnx yxe npnnnsnnact x
ycranonnennomy nontm oronopom no CHB noronxy n 1550 pasnepnyrtx
oerononox, xoropt onxen trt ocrnrnyr ne nosnee 2018 r. Poccnx orxa-
sanact nynnuno pacxptrt ncm necexpernym nn]opmannm, xoropo ona o-
menxnact cornacno nonomy oronopy no CHB, nxnmuax pasnnxy no pasnep-
nyrtm n nepasnepnyrtm paxeram n omapnponmnxam na orentntx asax,
a raxxe oerononxam, npenasnauenntm nx nnx.
Heontmoe coxpamenne noopyxenn, neoxonmoe nx ntnonnennx yc-
nonn nonoro oronopa CHB, xoncrnrynpyer cymecrnymmne renennnn n poc-
cncxnx crparernuecxnx cnnax. 3rn cnnt npoonxann coxpamartcx no mepe
roro, xax paxert n omapnponmnxn conercxoro nepnoa ocrnrann oxonua-
nnx cpoxa cnoe cnyxt. Hs-sa rexnnuecxnx n ]nnancontx rpynocre Poccnx
ne morna nnonrt nonte nnn moepnnsnponart nmemmnecx cncremt ocranxn
remn xe remnamn, xaxnmn cnnmannct c noopyxennx ycrapenmne cncremt.

1
O nonoxennxx nonoro oronopa no CHB cm. pasen I rnant 8 n ononnenne A nacrox-
mero nsannx.
2
Cm. ran. 8.2. n pasene I rnant 8 nacroxmero nsannx. B coornercrnnn c nontm oro-
nopom no CHB xaxt rxxent omapnponmnx yunrtnaercx xax nocnrent rontxo ono
oerononxn, axe npnrom, uro camoner moxer necrn ynennuennym nonesnym narpysxy n nne
xptnartx paxer c xepntmn oerononxamn n xepntx om cnoonoro naennx. US State
Department, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, New START Treaty
aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms, Fact sheet, 25 Oct. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/t/
avc/rls/176096.htm>.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 347
Tannna 7.3. Repnme cnnm Poccnn no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Tnn/poccnncxoe
oosnauenne
(oosnauenne HATO)
Kon-no
pasnep-
ny1mx e.
Hauano
pasnep-
1mnannn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

3arpysxa
oesapnon
Kon-no
oero-
nonox
b

C1pa1ernuecxne nac1yna1entnme cnnm ~1 510/2 430
Bo+oapoupoeuuru 72 72/820
c

Ty-95MC6 (Bear-H6) 28 1981 6 500 6 x AS-15A 28/168
10 500 KPBF, omt
Ty-95MC16 (Bear-H16) 31 1981 6 500 16 x AS-15A 31/496
10 500 KPBF, omt
Ty-160 (Blackjack) 13 1987 10 500 12 x AS-15B 13/156
13 200 KPBF nnn AS-16
YPM, omt
MBP 322 1087
PC-20B (SS-18 Satan) 50 1992 11 000 10 x 500800 xr 500
15 000
PC-18 (SS-19 Stiletto) 48 1980 10 000 6 x 400 xr 288
PC-12M Tonont (SS-25 Sickle) 135 1985 10 500 1 x 800 xr 135
PC-12M2 Tonont-M (SS-27) 56 1997 10 500 1 x 800 xr 56
PC-12M1 Tonont-M (SS-27) 18 2006 10 500 1 x (800 xr) 18
PC-24 pc (SS-27 Mod 2) 15 2010 10 500 6 x (100? xr) 90
FPHH 144 352/528
d

PCM-50 Bonna (SS-N-18 M1 48 1978 6 500 3 x 50 xr 96/144
Stingray)
PCM-54 Cnnena (SS-N-23 Skiff) 96 1986/2007 9 000 4 x 100 xr 256/384
PCM-56 Fynana (SS-NX-32) (32) (2011) >8 050 6 x (100? xr) (192)
Hec1pa1ernuecxne cnnm (~2 000)*
Paremi HPO, eosoyuua/ ~1100 (~425)*
oepeeoea ooopoua
e

53T6 (SH-08, Gazelle) 68 1986 30 1 x 10 xr (68)*
C-300/C-400 (SA-10/12/20/21) 1000 1980 . . 1 x menee xr (~340)*
CCK-1F (Sepal) 34 1973 500 1 x 350 (~17)*
Boopy+euue BBC
f
430 (~730)*
Ty-22M3 (Backfire-C) 150 1974 . . 3 x paxert PB3, omt
(~450)*
Cy-24M/M2 (Fencer-D) 264 1974 . . 2 x omt
Cy-34 (Fullback) 16 2006 . . 2 x omt
Ap+ecroe eoopy+euue
g
164 (~164)*
CC-21 Touxa (Scarab) 150 1981 120 (1 x 10 xr) (~150)*
CC-26 Hcxanep (Stone) 24 2005 500 (1 x 10 xr) (~24)*
Boopy+euue BM4 (~700)*
KPMF, HHO, P3B, rnynnnte omt, ropnet
h

H1oro pasnepny1mx/npnnncannmx oerononox ~1800/4 430
i

. . = annte orcyrcrnymr nnn nenpnmennmt; ( ) = neonpeenennte annte; HPO = paxert
npornnopaxerno oopont; KPBF = xptnarax paxera nosymnoro asnponannx; PB3 = paxera
xnacca nosyxsemnx; HHO = npornnonoounoe opyxne; MFP = mexxonrnnenrantnax an-
nncrnuecxax paxera; xr = xnnoronna; HATO = Oprannsannx Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa;
P3B = paxera xnacca semnxnosyx; FPHH = annncrnuecxax paxera, sanycxaemax c nono-
no noxn; KPMF = xptnarax paxera mopcxoro asnponannx; YPM = yapnax paxera mano
antnocrn.

* Cornacno poccncxomy npannrentcrny, nce necrparernuecxne xepnte oesapxt naxo-
xrcx na cxnaax n, cneonarentno, ne yunrtnamrcx n omem xonnuecrne pasnepnyrtx oero-
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 348
nonox. Kpome xonnuecrna oerononox, ocrynnoro nx sarpysxn necrparernuecxnx xepntx
cnn n nepeuncnennoro n rannne, eme 2000 oerononox, no onenxam, tnn cnxrt c noopyxe-
nnx n oxnamr emonraxa.
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnuecxax
oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem.
b
Onenxn no crparernuecxnm oerononxam npnnoxrcx n nyx napnanrax: uncno cnena no-
xastnaer onenounoe xonnuecrno pasnepnyrtx oerononox, nocunrannoe n coornercrnnn c
nontm oronopom CHB, a uncno cnpana npecrannxer omee xonnuecrno oerononox, npnnn-
canntx, cornacno onenxam, x cncreme ocranxn. B rannne ne yunrtnamrcx rax nastnaemte
camonert-]anromt omapnponmnxn, xoropte ne npenasnauent nx ntnonnennx xep-
ntx oentx saau, no nmemr na opry +nexrponnoe oopyonanne, ns-sa xoroporo onn nona-
amr no ecrnne oronopa.
c
Cunraercx, uro ns 820 e. opyxnx, cornacno onenxam, npnnncannoro x omapnponmn-
xam antnero panyca ecrnnx, rontxo 300 n nacroxmee npemx naxoxrcx na asax omapn-
ponmnxon. Hpenonaraercx, uro ocrantnte ennnnt opyxnx xpanxrcx na nenrpantntx cxnaax.
d
ne nnn rpn HHAPF n xaxt annt momenr npemenn naxoxrcx na xannrantnom pe-
monre n ne necyr npnnncannte x nnm xepnte paxert n oerononxn.
e
Komnnexct 51T6 (SH-11 "Gorgon") cnxrt c noopyxennx. C-300H (SA-10 "Grumble",
SA-12 "Gargoyle"), C-300B (SA-12A "Gladiator", SA-12B "Giant") n C-400 (SA-21 "Growler")
moryr onaart onpeenenntm norennnanom nx nopaxennx nexoroptx annncrnuecxnx pa-
xer. Cunraercx, uro rontxo rpert ns 1000 pasnepnyrtx nycxontx cncrem npornnonosymno
oopont cnocona ntnonnxrt xepnte saaun.
f
3rn annte ocnontnamrcx na npenonoxennn, uro rontxo nononnna yapntx camone-
ron nasemnoro asnponannx npenasnauena nx ntnonnennx xepntx saau.
g
Cornacno mexynaponomy noennomy mray HATO, poccncxne yuennx 3ana n
Haora, npoxonnmne n anrycrecenrxpe 2009 r., nxnmuann n cex nycxn paxer, uacrt
xoroptx morna nmnrnponart npnmenenne raxrnuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx. Daalder, I., US
Ambassador to NATO, NATORussia: NAC discusses Russian military exercises, Cable to
SIPDIS, USNATO546, 23 Nov. 2009, <http://www.aftenposten.no/spesial/wikileaksdokumenter/
article4028273.ece>.
h
Hanonte xopann ne paccmarpnnamrcx xax cpecrna, ocnamennte xepntmn ropneamn.
i
uncno cnena noxastnaer npnnnsnrentnoe xonnuecrno oerononox, yurenntx n nonom
oronope CHB, nnmc oxono 300 e. nepenocnmoro omapnponmnxamn opyxnx, xoropte,
xax npenonaraercx, n nacroxmee npemx naxoxrcx na asax omapnponouno annannn. Eme
700 crparernuecxnx oerononox nx HHAPF n omapnponmnxon naxoxrcx n pesepne, n
oxono 2000 necrparernuecxnx oerononox, xax cunraercx, xpanxrcx na nenrpantnom cxnae.
Kpome roro, npnnnsnrentno 5500 cnxrtx c noopyxennx oerononox croxr n ouepen na e-
monrax, uro ononr omn sanac oerononox o 10 000 e.
Hcmo:uuru: npecc-pennst Mnnncrepcrna oopont Pu; Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA,
Memopanymt o nsanmononnmannn x oronopy CHB-1 sa nepno 1990nmnt 2009 r.; nynn-
xannn arpernponanntx anntx no nonomy oronopy CHB, 2012 r.; US Air Force, National Air
and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC), Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (NASIC: Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base, OH, June 2009); Mexynaponax nonocrnax cnyxa (World News
Connection), Hannonantnax cnyxa rexnnuecxo nn]opmannn (National Technical Information
Service, NTIS), Mnnncrepcrno ropronnn CBA, pasnnunte nsannx; poccncxne cpecrna
maccono nn]opmannn; Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces, <http://www.russianforces.org/>;
International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2010 (Routledge: London,
2010); Cochran, T. B. et al., Nuclear Weapons Databook, vol. 4, Soviet Nuclear Weapons (Harper
& Row: New York, 1989); Janes Strategic Weapon Systems, pasnnunte ntnycxn; Proceedings,
US Naval Institute, pasnnunte ntnycxn; Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
pasnnunte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 349
Coxpamenne cnn conponoxannct cnnrom n oxrpnne or conercxoro rpe-
onannx noepxannx xepnoro napnrera co ncemn norennnantntmn npo-
rnnnnxamn x nonnrnxe rapanrnponannoro cepxnnannx no ornomennm x CBA.
B Crparernn nannonantno esonacnocrn Poccnn, npnnxro n 2009 r., yxast-
naercx, uro Poccnx yer noepxnnart napnrer c CBA n onacrn nacryna-
rentntx crparernuecxnx noopyxenn nanonee +]]exrnnntm c rouxn spennx
nsepxex cnocoom
3
. Ho mnennm neymnx noenntx +xcnepron, crparernue-
cxne xepnte cnnt Poccnn moryr oecneunrt rapanrnponanno ocrarounoe
cepxnnanne n ycnonnxx ecrnymmnx orpannuenn xonrponx na noopyxe-
nnxmn, onaxo onn rpeymr xauecrnennoro conepmencrnonannx nx nontme-
nnx nx ntxnnaemocrn c nentm coxpannrt rapanrnponannym nosmoxnocrt
nanecennx ornernoro yapa n cnoconocrt npeoonenart npornnopaxernym
oopony
4
.
B poccncxnx nnanax moepnnsannn crparernuecxnx cnn oraercx npn-
opnrer pasneprtnannm nontx rpynrono-monntntx mexxonrnnenrantntx
annncrnuecxnx paxer n paspaorxe nontx rxxentx mexxonrnnenrantntx
annncrnuecxnx paxer maxrnoro asnponannx. Poccnx raxxe nponnraercx
nnepe c nneennem n crpo nonoro noxonennx crparernuecxnx nonontx
noox n annncrnuecxnx paxer na nonontx noxax, a raxxe c xannrantntm
pemonrom omapnponountx cnn antnero panyca ecrnnx.


C1pa1ernuecxne ouapnponmnxn

B pacnopxxennn poccncxoro xomanonannx antne annannn naxoxrcx
13 omapnponmnxon Ty-160, 31 Ty-95MC16 n 28 Ty-95MC6. B 2011 r. xo-
manonanne ocymecrnnno 50 ntneron crparernuecxnx omapnponmnxon na
narpynnponanne, npoonxnn npaxrnxy, xoropax tna npnocranonnena n 1992 r.
n nosononnena n 2007 r.
5
B nenxx coxpanennx saanno perynxpnocrn ntneron
na antnee narpynnponanne Poccnx nauana ocymecrnnxrt nporpammy no mo-
epnnsannn n nponennm cpoxa cnyxt ee ycrapenammnx crparernuecxnx
omapnponountx cnn. Onaxo uacrn crparernuecxo annannn Poccnn, co-
rnacno coomennxm, ncntrtnann rpynocrn c xannrantntm pemonrom n o-
cnyxnnannem, uro npenxrcrnonano xaxomy-nno pocry narpyntno axrnnno-
crn. Coomanoct raxxe o nexnarxe camoneron-osanpanmnxon (Hn-78), neo-
xonmtx nx ntnonnennx saau na ontmnx paccroxnnxx
6
.

3
[National security strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020], Presidential
Decree no. 537, 12 May 2009, <http://www.scrf.gov.ru/ documents/99.html>.
4
Umnov, S., [Russias SNF: building up ballistic missile defence penetration capacities],
Voenno-Promyshlennyi Kurer, 814 Mar. 2006; n Esin, V., [The United States: in pursuit of a
global missile defence], Voenno-Promyshlennyi Kurer, 2531 Aug. 2010.
5
President of Russia, Press statement and responses to media questions following the Peace
Mission 2007 counterterrorism exercises and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit, 17
Aug. 2007, <http://archive. kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/08/17/2033_type82915_141812.shtml>;
n [Long-range aviation day is celebrated by the Air Force], ITAR-TASS, 23 Dec. 2011, <http://
www.itar-tass.com/c9/304603.html>.
6
Stukalin, A., Bears and Blackjacks are back: whats next?, Moscow Defense Brief, no. 4
(22), 2010.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 350
B 2011 r. xoncrpyxropcxoe mpo Tynonena npoonxnno paspaartnart
nont crparernuecxn omapnponmnx, nsnecrnt xax HAK A (nepeo-
no annannonnt xomnnexc nx antne annannn). Texymne nnant npey-
cmarpnnamr nocrpoxy nepnoro nporornna HAK A x 2020 r., n, xax oxna-
ercx, camoner nocrynnr na noopyxenne x 2030 r.
7



Haseunme annnc1nuecxne paxe1m

Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r., poccncxne paxernte nocxa crparern-
uecxoro nasnauennx (PBCH) cocroxnn ns rpex paxerntx apmn c 12 paxernt-
mn nnnsnxmn, n xoroptx tnn pasnepnyrt n ome cnoxnocrn 322 mexxon-
rnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxert pasnnunoro rnna
8
. nxoronnnnnte
mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert maxrnoro asnponannx PC-
20B (SS-18) n PC-18 (SS-19) tnn nsroronnent eme n conercxym +noxy n, xax
oxnaercx, yyr cnxrt c noopyxennx npnnnsnrentno x 2020 r.
9
27 exapx
2011 r. n pamxax nporpammt no ynennuennm cpoxa cnyxt paxer n 3 pasa no
cpannennm c nepnonauantno sannannponanntm c xocmopoma Faxonyp n Ka-
saxcrane tna sanymena PC-18
10
. B 2011 r. mnnncrepcrno oopont oxnnno,
uro ono ntpano xoncrpyxropcxoe mpo Maxeena rpannnonnoro paspaor-
unxa annncrnuecxnx paxer na nonontx noxax nx nauana paor no xon-
crpynponannm n paspaorxe nono rxxeno mexxonrnnenrantno annncrn-
uecxo paxert maxrnoro asnponannx, xoropax onxna samennrt PC-20B n
PC-18
11
.
Tneporonnnnnax rpynrono-monntnax mexxonrnnenrantnax annncrn-
uecxax paxera PC-12M Tonont (SS-25) npoxonr nporpammy nponennx
cpoxa cnyxt paxer. B 2011 r. n pamxax nporpammt nponennx cpoxa cnyxt
tnn nponsneent na ncntrarentntx nycxa, no pesyntraram xoroptx PBCH
oxnnnn, uro paxera PC-12M ocranercx na oenom exypcrne o 2019 r.
12
B
xoe onoro ns nycxon, ocymecrnnennoro 3 cenrxpx 2011 r., ncntrtnanact
nepcnexrnnnax oenax uacrt, xoropym nexoropte +xcneprt nnrepnpernpo-

7
[Long-range aviation day is celebrated by the Air Force], ITAR-TASS, 23 Dec. 2011,
<http://www.itar-tass.com/c9/304603.html>.
8
[RVSN will keep three armies and 12 divisions until 2016], RIA Novosti, 6 May 2011,
<http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20110506/371480435.html>.
9
Isby, D. C., Russia to develop new heavy ICBM, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 15,
no. 5 (May 2011), p. 16.
10
Russian Ministry of Defence, Information and Public Relations Service, [The RS-18 ICBM
launched from Baikonur], 27 Dec. 2011, <http://www.function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.
htm?id=10865745@egNews>; n RS-18 ICBM to serve three times the planned operational life,
Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 15, no. 10 (Oct. 2011), p. 6.
11
Litovkin, V., [The military is waiting for the 5th generation missiles], Izvestiya, 13 May
2011; n Kovalenko, D., [Against the BMD], Vzglyad, 16 Dec. 2011.
12
Russian Ministry of Defence, Information and Public Relations Service, [A successful test
launch of the RS-12M Topol missile was conducted from Plesetsk], 2 Sep. 2011, <http://www.
structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/strategic_rocket/news/more.htm? id=10679038@egNews>; n Topol
ballistic missiles may stay in service until 2019, RIA Novosti, 28 Oct. 2011, <http://en.
rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111028/168206957.html>.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 351
nann xax nmemmym ornomenne x ncnomorarentntm cpecrnam npeoonennx
npornnopaxerno oopont
13
.
PC-12 Tonont-M (SS-27) tna paspaorana n nyx napnanrax: rpynro-
no-monntnom (PC-12M1) n maxrnoro asnponannx (PC-12M2)
14
. B 2010 r.
PBCH orxasannct or nponsnocrna PC-12M1, oran npenourenne napnanry
paxert c pasenxmmnmncx rononntmn uacrxmn c nnnnnyantntm nanee-
nnem na nent PC-24 (SS-27 Mod 2), xoropax cnocona necrn o rpex oerono-
nox. Pasneprtnanne nepnoro nonxa, cocroxmero ns enxrn PC-24, tno sa-
nepmeno n anrycre 2011 r.
15
Eme mecrt paxer PC-24 tnn pasnepnyrt n e-
xape 2011 r.
16



Hononme noxn c annnc1nuecxnun paxe1aun na op1y
n annnc1nuecxne paxe1m uopcxoro asnponannn

Ho cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r., n cocrane poccncxoro noenno-
mopcxoro ]nora nacunrtnanoct n ome cnoxnocrn 10 aromntx nonontx
noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na opry (HHAPF), mecrt ns xoroptx
tnn oneparnnno pasnepnyrtmn. Tpn nononte noxn xnacca entra III
(Hpoexr 667FP Kantmap), xaxax ns xoroptx necer 16 annncrnuecxnx
paxer mopcxoro asnponannx PCM-50, npnnncant x Tnxooxeancxomy ]nory, a
mecrt nonontx noox xnacca entra IV (Hpoexr 667FPM ent]nn),
xaxax ns xoroptx necer 16 annncrnuecxnx paxer mopcxoro asnponannx
PCM-54, nxoxr n cocran Cenepnoro ]nora. 29 exapx 2011 r. na ono ns
HHAPF xnacca entra IV, K-84 Exarepnnypr, npoxonnme rexymn
pemonr n nnanyuem cyxom oxe, nponsomen noxap. Honpexennx, npnunnen-
nte ornem, xax oxnanoct, ne yacrcx ycrpannrt o cepennt 2014 r.
17
Ho
cocroxnnm na xnnapt 2012 r., ne pyrnx nonontx noxn xnacca entra
IV npoxonnn xannrantnt pemonr. Kpome roro, ona nononax noxa
xnacca Ta]yn (npoexr 941 Axyna) ncnontsyercx n xauecrne ncntra-
rentno nnar]opmt
18
.
Ycnemnte nycxn nono annncrnuecxo paxert mopcxoro asnponannx
P-29PMY2.1 Hanep, xnnxmmecx mon]nxanne annncrnuecxo paxert
mopcxoro asnponannx PCM-54 Cnnena (SS-N-23 Skiff), tnn nponeent

13
Old Topol is tested with a new warhead, Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Blog,
3 Sep. 2011, <http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/09/old_topol_is_tested_with_a_new.shtml>.
14
Lennox, D. (ed.), Janes Strategic Weapon Systems (IHS Global Limited: Coulsdon, 2011), p. 175.
15
Richardson, D., Russia places first RS-24 Yars ICBM unit on combat alert, Janes Mis-
siles and Rockets, vol. 15, no. 10 (Oct. 2011), p. 6.
16
Russian Ministry of Defence, Information and Public Relations Service, [Two more divi-
sions will be equipped with the state-of-the-art Yars missile complex], 19 Dec. 2011, <http://
www.structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/strategic_rocket/news/more.htm? id=10854015@egNews>.
17
Hocrynann npornnopeunnte coomennx o rom, tnn nn eme o nosnnxnonennx noxapa
sarnyment peaxropt nonono noxn n tnn nn cnxrt c nee paxert. Safronov-Jr., I., [The
Ekaterinburg submarine is promised to be back in service by 2014], Kommersant, 13 Jan. 2012,
<http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-y/1849693>.
18
Russia set to keep Typhoon class nuclear subs until 2019Navy, RIA Novosti, 7 May
2010, <http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20100507/158917310.html>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 352
20 max c K-84 Exarepnnypr n 29 cenrxpx 2011 r. c K-114 Tyna. Kax co-
omaercx, nonax paxera moxer necrn o 10 oerononox pasnnuno momnocrn
n onaaer cnoconocrtm npeoonenart npornnopaxernym oopony
19
.
Poccnx nponnraercx nnepe n nnane nneennx n crpo nonoro xnacca
aromno nonono noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn npoexra 955 Fo-
pe. Mopcxne ncntrannx nepno ns noox +roro xnacca, Rpnx onropyxo-
ro, ycnemno sanepmnnnct n exape 2011 r., n, xax oxnaercx, ona ncrynnr n
crpo n 2012 r. Hcntrannx nropo noxn +roro xnacca, Anexcanpa Hencxo-
ro, npoonxarcx n 2012 r.
20

Kaxax nononax noxa xnacca Fope yer necrn 16 annncrnue-
cxnx paxer mopcxoro asnponannx nonoro rnna rpexcrynenuarte rneporo-
nnnnnte PCM-56 Fynana. B 20092010 rr. ceptesnte rexnnuecxne npone-
mt, cnxsannte c nnsxnm xauecrnom ysnon n erane paxert, npnnenn x amn-
nncrparnnno peoprannsannn nporpammt paspaorxn Fynant. B 2011 r.
poccncxn noenno-mopcxo ]nor nponen uertpe ycnemntx nonerntx ncnt-
rannx Fynant, n rom uncne, sannont nycx nyx paxer n Fenom mope 23 e-
xapx 2011 r.
21
Hocne ycnemnoro sannonoro nycxa paxera Fynana tna o]n-
nnantno npnnxra poccncxnm noenno-mopcxnm ]norom na noopyxenne
22
.


Hec1pa1ernuecxoe nepnoe opyane

B ornomennn nennunnt n pasmemennx necrparernuecxnx xepntx sana-
con Poccnn, xoropte no-npexnemy xapaxrepnsymrcx ntcoxo crenentm cex-
pernocrn n orcyrcrnnem rpancnapenrnocrn, cymecrnyer snaunrentnax neon-
peenennocrt. Onenxn nennunnt conercxoro sanaca necrparernuecxoro xep-
noro opyxnx n 1991 r. naptnponannct n nanasone or npnnnsnrentno 15 000
o 21 700 e.
23
Hocne oxonuannx xonono nont Poccnx cymecrnenno co-
xparnna cno sanac necrparernuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx
24
. B noxpe 2011 r.

19
Liner SLBM explained, Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Blog, 4 Oct. 2011, <http:// rus-
sianforces.org/blog/2011/10/liner_slbm_explained.shtml>; n Richardson, D., Liner SLBM com-
pletes its trials programme, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 15, no. 12 (Dec. 2011), p. 5.
20
[The Yurii Dolgorukii submarine is about to enter service with the Russian strategic nu-
clear Navy], ARMS-TASS, 11 Jan. 2012, <http://www.arms-tass.su/?page=article&aid=102458&
cid=44>.
21
Yuri Dolgoruky launches its first Bulava missile, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 15,
no. 8 (Aug. 2011), p. 9; Russians practice submerged salvo launch of Bulava missile from Yuri
Dolgoruky, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 16, no. 1 (Jan. 2012), p. 3; n Kramnik, I., Russia
completes Bulava missile testing, Voice of Russia, 29 Dec. 2011, <http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/
29/63127625.html>.
22
Bulava missile completes flight tests, ready to deploy, RIA Novosti, 27 Dec. 2011, <http://
en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111227/170516131.html>.
23
Onenxy nanasona cm.: Norris, R. S. and Arkin, W. M., Nuclear notebook: estimated So-
viet nuclear stockpile (July 1991), Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 47, no. 6 (July/Aug.
1991), p. 48; n Arbatov, A., Deep cuts and de-alerting: a Russian perspective, ed.
H. A. Feiveson, The Nuclear Turning Point: A Blueprint for Deep Cuts and De-Alerting of Nu-
clear Weapons (Brookings Institution Press: Washington, DC, 1999), p. 320.
24
Hpannrentcrno Poccnn saxnnno n 2010 r., uro c 1991 r. ono coxparnno xonnuecrno ne-
crparernuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx na 75%. Cm.: 2010 NPT Review Conference, Delegation of
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 353
ntcoxonocrannennt unnonnnx Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA cnnerentcr-
nonan nepe Konrpeccom CBA, uro Poccnx onaaer npnnnsnrentno 2000
4000 e. necrparernuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx
25
. 3ro xonnuecrno necxontxo
nnxe, uem nanason 30005000 nnmc, ynomxnyrt n xoe pn]nnra HATO
no Osopy xepno nonnrnxn CBA 2010 r. n cenrxpe 2009 r.
26

Ocnontnaxct na anannse ocrammnxcx n Poccnn cnocontx necrn xep-
noe opyxne noenno-mopcxnx, noenno-nosymntx n npornnonosymntx cnc-
rem ocranxn n nx nomnnantnoro norennnana necennx oerononox, moxno
npnnecrn onenxy, uro Poccnx nmeer n nannunn npnmepno 2000 necrparernue-
cxnx xepntx oerononox nx +rnx cncrem
27
. Eme 2000 oerononox, cornacno
onenxam, cnxrt c noopyxennx n oxnamr emonraxa.


the Russian Federation, Practical steps of the Russian Federation in the field of nuclear disarma-
ment, Statement, New York, 328 May 2010, p. 8.
25
Miller, J., Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, Statement before the US
House of Representatives, Armed Services Committee, 2 Nov. 2011, <http://armedservices.house.
gov/index.cfm/2011/11/the-current-status-and-future-direction-for-u-s-nuclear-weapons-policy-
and-posture>, p. 2.
26
Kile, S. N. et al., World nuclear forces, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, p. 334; n US Mission to NATO,
PDUSDP Miller consults with allies on Nuclear Posture Review, Cable to US State Department,
no. 09USNATO378, 4 Sep. 2009, <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/09/09USNATO378.html>.
27
Kristensen, H. M., Non-Strategic Nuclear Weapons, Federation of American Scientists
(FAS) Special Report no. 3 (FAS: Washington, DC, May 2012), p. 52.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 354
III. EPHIE CHHI BEHHKOFPHTAHHH

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH
n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Cnnt xepnoro cepxnnannx Bennxopnrannn cocroxr ncxnmunrentno
ns mopcxoro xomnonenra: aromntx nonontx noox c annncrnuecxnmn pa-
xeramn na opry (HHAPF) xnacca Vanguard Trident, annncrnuecxnx pa-
xer na nonontx noxax (FPHH) Trident II (D5), oerononox x nnm n nn-
]pacrpyxrypt noepxxn. Bennxopnrannx onaaer apcenanom ns npnmep-
no 160 pasnepnyrtx xepntx oerononox, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant
]norom ns uertpex HHAPF Trident (cm. ran. 7.4). Bennxopnrannx apen-
yer annncrnuecxne paxert na nonontx noxax Trident (D5) y noenno-
mopcxoro ]nora CBA no cncreme cmemanno cocrnennocrn na axrnnt.


Tannna 7.4. Repnme cnnm Bennxopn1annn no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2011 r.
Tnn Oosnauenne
Kon-no
pasnep-
ny1mx e.
Hauano
pasnep-
1mnannn
ant-
noc1t
(xu)
a

Conoxynnan
uomnoc1t
Kon-no
oero-
nonox na
cxnaax
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi, sanycrae+ie c nooeoouix .ooor
D5 Trident II 48 1994 >7 400 13 x 100 xr 225
b


a
antnocrt npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnuecxax oenax
antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem.
b
Menee 160 oerononox ocrynno nx oneparnnnoro pasneprtnannx, oxono 144 npena-
snauent nx noopyxennx 48 paxer na rpex ns uertpex aromntx nonontx noxax c annn-
crnuecxnmn paxeramn (HHAPF). B xaxt annt momenr npemenn na oenom narpynnpona-
nnn naxonrcx rontxo ona HHAPF, nmemmax na opry o 48 oerononox. B 2010 r. tno
npnnxro pemenne o coxpamennn n reuenne cneymmnx necxontxnx ner xonnuecrna rorontx x
npnmenennm oerononox o ne onee 120 e., ns xoroptx 40 e. n xaxt annt momenr
npemenn yyr naxonrtcx na oenom exypcrne. 3anact x cepenne 2020-x roon yyr co-
xpament o ne onee 180 ennnn.
Hcmo:uuru: Mnnncrepcrno oopont Bennxopnrannn, Fente xnnrn, npecc-pennst n
car <http://www.mod.uk/>; British House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), pas-
nnunte ntnycxn; Norris, R. S. et al., Nuclear Weapons Databook, vol. 5, British, French, and
Chinese Nuclear Weapons (Westview: Boulder, CO, 1994), p. 9; Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of
the Atomic Scientists, pasnte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.


Kaxax HHAPF xnacca Vanguard noopyxena 16 paxeramn Trident II
(D5), necymnmn n conoxynnocrn o 48 oerononox (r. e. o rpex na ony paxe-
ry). Foerononxa ananornuna amepnxancxo oerononxe W76 n nmeer nsptn-
nym momnocrt npnnnsnrentno 100 xr. Ona moepnnsnpyercx nyrem ycra-
nonxn na nee nponsneenno n CBA cncremt oentx, nsptnuartx n ronnnn-
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 355
ntx xomnonenron nx rononno uacrn Mk-4A. Cunraercx, uro nexoropoe xo-
nnuecrno pasnepnyrtx paxer D5 nmeer nnmt ony oerononxy nmecro rpex;
nosmoxno raxxe, uro raxax oerononxa nmeer nonnxennym nsptnnym mom-
nocrt
1
. Inxocrt n sarpysxe oerononox orpaxaer npnnxroe Mnnncrepcrnom
oopont Bennxopnrannn n 1998 r. pemenne saxpennrt sa ]norom Trident
necrparernuecxym pont, nnn pont cpecrna nx nanecennx orpannuennoro
yapa c nentm nontcnrt naexnocrt pnrancxoro cepxnnannx
2
.
B coornercrnnn c nonnrnxo, nsnecrno xax nocroxnnoe cepxnnanne
co cropont mopx, n xaxt annt momenr npemenn na oenom narpynnpo-
nannn naxonrcx ona pnrancxax HHAPF
3
. Bropax n rpertx aromnte no-
nonte noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn moryr ntrn n mope no rpenore,
onaxo n pnrancxnx sanacax ner ocrarounoro xonnuecrna paxer, nonyuen-
ntx or noenno-mopcxoro ]nora CBA, nx roro urot ononpemenno noopy-
xnrt eme n uerneprym pnrancxym nononym noxy. Hocne oxonuannx xo-
nono nont yponent oeroronnocrn naxoxmnxcx na oenom narpynnpona-
nnn aromntx nonontx noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn tn cnnxen,
npnuem pasmemennte na nnx paxert ne nanenent na xaxo-nno onpeenen-
nt oexr, a cpoxn yneomnennx o orxptrnn ornx nsmepxmrcx nxmn.
B Osope crparernuecxo oopont n esonacnocrn 2010 r. pnrancxoe
npannrentcrno nornepnno cnom npnnepxennocrt coxpanennm asnpymmnx-
cx na nonontx noxax cnn xepnoro cepxnnannx n reuenne neonpeenen-
noro yymero. Mnnncrepcrno oopont nnannpyer samennrt uertpe HHAPF
xnacca Vanguard, cpoxn cnyxt xoroptx naunyr ncrexart c 2024 r. Honte
nononte noxn yyr ocnonant na ntnemne cncreme Trident n ocna-
ment mon]nnnponanntmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na nonontx no-
xax Trident II (D5), paspaartnaemtmn n coornercrnnn c nporpammo noen-
no-mopcxoro ]nora CBA no nponennm cpoxa cnyxt D5. B nenxx +xono-
mnn cpecrn onn yyr nmert paxernt orcex mentmnx pasmepon, paspao-
rannt conmecrno c noenno-mopcxnm ]norom CBA n oopyonannt 12
nycxontmn ycranonxamn, a ne 16, nmemmnmncx na nonontx noxax xnacca
Vanguard. Maxcnmantnoe xonnuecrno xepntx oerononox, naxoxmnxcx
na opry xaxo nonono noxn, coxparnrcx c 48 o 40
4
.
B mae 2011 r. mnnncrepcrno oopont oxnnno o sanepmennn nauant-
no ]ast nporpammt sament nonontx noox. Ftnn npnnxrt pemennx no
mnpoxomy naopy xoncrpyxnnonntx xapaxrepncrnx nono HHAPF, nxnmuax

1
Quinlan, M., The future of United Kingdom nuclear weapons: shaping the debate, Interna-
tional Affairs, vol. 82, no. 4 (July 2006).
2
British Ministry of Defence, The Strategic Defence Review: Modern Forces for the Modern
World, Cm 3999 (The Stationery Office: Norwich, July 1998), para. 63. B ononnennn or 2002 r.
pont xepnoro opyxnx tna pacmnpena n renept nxnmuaer cepxnnanne nnepon, ntst-
nammnx ecnoxocrno rocyapcrn n reppopncrnuecxnx oprannsann. British Ministry of De-
fence, The Strategic Defence Review: A New Chapter, Cm 5566, vol. 1 (The Stationery Office:
Norwich, July 2002), para. 21.
3
British Ministry of Defence and British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, The Future of
the United Kingdoms Nuclear Deterrent, Cm 6994 (The Stationery Office: Norwich, Dec.
2006), p. 27.
4
British Ministry of Defence, Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic De-
fence and Security Review, Cm 7948 (The Stationery Office: London, Oct. 2010), para. 3.11, p. 38.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 356
ntop xepntx +neprernuecxnx ycranonox
5
. B Osope crparernuecxo oo-
pont n esonacnocrn ronopnrcx o rom, uro npannrentcrno ornoxnno npnnx-
rne marncrpantnoro pemennx ornocnrentno oxonuarentntx nopontx
nnanon saxynox, xoncrpyxnnn n uncna nonontx noox o 2016 r. B pe-
syntrare nepnax HHAPF nonoro noxonennx nocrynnr na noopyxenne ne panee
2028 r. Cpoxn cnyxt nonontx noox Vanguard npnercx nponenart n
cnxsn c namepennem npannrentcrna crporo npnepxnnartcx nonnrnxn no-
croxnnoro cepxnnannx co cropont mopx.
B Osope crparernuecxo oopont n esonacnocrn 2010 r. pacxptnamr-
cx nnant coxpamennx pasmepon pnrancxoro xepnoro apcenana. 3anac pas-
nepnyrtx xepntx oerononox yer coxpamen c npnmepno 160 n nacroxmee
npemx o ne onee 120. Touno rax xe omne sanact xepnoro opyxnx, nxnm-
uax nepasnepnyroe opyxne, coxparxrcx c ntnemnnx 225 oerononox o ne
onee 180 x cepenne 2020-x roon
6
.
Hpn oxnnennn pesyntraron Osopa crparernuecxo oopont n eso-
nacnocrn pnrancxoe npannrentcrno saxnnno, uro ono ornoxnr npnnxrne pe-
mennx ornocnrentno ononnennx nnn sament xepntx oerononox na FPMF
Trident II (D5) o cneymmnx ntopon n napnamenr (r. e., na nocne max
2015 r.)
7
. Onaxo n 2011 r. noxnnxnnct ocnonannte na nynnxannn amepnxan-
cxo Hannonantno naoparopnn Cannx coomennx o rom, uro xoponencxn
noenno-mopcxo ]nor pemnn saxynnrt oerononxn W76-1, xoropte nponsno-
xrcx n CBA
8
. Foerononxa xnnxercx moepnnsnponanno nepcne amepnxan-
cxo oerononxn W76 n npnacr paxeram Trident ontmym rounocrt n
ontmym +]]exrnnnocrt npn nopaxennn samnmenntx nene
9
. Conmecrno c
mon]nnnponanntmn FPMF D5LE nonax oerononxa nponnr cpox cnyxt
paxerno cncremt Trident o 2040-x roon.
Bennxopnrannx sanycrnna onrocpounym nnnecrnnnonnym nporpammy,
nanpannennym na coxpanenne xnmuentx cnennanncron n nponsnocrnenntx
momnocre na npenpnxrnn no nponsnocrny xepnoro opyxnx n Onepma-
crone. B 2011 r. mnnncrepcrno oopont nornepnno, uro ono nnannpyer no-
crponrt nonoe sanne n Onepmacrone nx xpanennx n nepepaorxn oora-
menntx ypanontx xomnonenron nx xepntx oerononox n peaxropnoro ron-
nnna nx aromntx nonontx noox. 3ro sanne onxno samennrt nerma-
mmee sanne, nocrpoennoe n 1950-x roax, xoropoe yxe ne coornercrnyer
conpemenntm cranapram esonacnocrn xoncrpyxnn
10
.


5
British Ministry of Defence (MOD), The United Kingdoms Future Nuclear Deterrent: The
Submarine Initial Gate Parliamentary Report (MOD: London, May 2011), p. 5.
6
British Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 4), para. 3.11, p. 39; n Norton-Taylor, R., Britains
nuclear arsenal is 225 warheads, reveals William Hague, The Guardian, 26 May 2010.
7
British Ministry of Defence (cnocxa 4), para. 3.9, p. 39.
8
Kristensen, H. M., British submarines to receive upgraded US nuclear warhead, FAS Stra-
tegic Security Blog, Federation of American Scientists, 1 Apr. 2011, <http://www.fas.org/blog/
ssp/2011/04/ britishw76-1.php>.
9
NortonTaylor, R., Trident more effective with US arming device, tests suggest, The
Guardian, 6 Apr. 2011.
10
750m spend on AWE enriched uranium facility revealed, BBC News, 10 Oct. 2011,
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-15189981>.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 357
Bpn1ancxo-qpannyscxoe cornamenne o co1pynnuec1ne n nepnon cqepe

2 noxpx 2010 r. upannnx n Bennxopnrannx nonncann cornamenne o
rexnnuecxom corpynnuecrne n omene cexperno nn]opmanne n onacrxx
rexnnuecxo esonacnocrn xepnoro opyxnx n ceprn]nxannn cpecrn samn-
rt or necanxnnonnponannoro ocryna n sanacon. Cornamenne ncrynnno n cn-
ny n nmne 2011 r. n npenonaraer cosanne conmecrntx panorpa]nue-
cxnx/rnponnamnuecxnx nenrpon, onoro no upannnn n onoro n Bennxo-
pnrannn, nx ocymecrnnennx xomntmrepnoro moennponannx ncntrann
xomnonenron xepnoro opyxnx, urot rapanrnponart nx esonacnocrt n na-
exnocrt, ne npnerax x peantntm ncntrarentntm nsptnam xepnoro opy-
xnx
11
. Onaxo oe crpant nouepxnynn, uro n coornercrnnn c cornamennem
onn yyr npoonxart nesanncnmo pyr or pyra noepxnnart cocrnennte
cnnt xepnoro cepxnnannx.


11
Joint Anglo-French communiqu, Prsidence de la Rpublique/Cabinet Office, 8 July 2011,
<https://update.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/joint-french-anglo-communiqu>; n Treaty
between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the French Republic relat-
ing to Joint Radiographic/Hydrodynamics Facilities, signed 2 Nov. 2010, Cm 7975 (The Station-
ery Office: Norwich, 10 Nov. 2010).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 358
IV. EPHIE CHHI uPAHHHH

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

epnte cnnt upannnn cocroxr ns annannn n aromntx nonontx no-
ox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn (HHAPF), cnocontx necrn n ome cnox-
nocrn oxono 300 oerononox (cm. ran. 7.5). Ocnona ]pannyscxnx cnn xepno-
ro cepxnnannx cocronr ns uertpex HHAPF xnacca Triomphant. Honemax
noxa +roro xnacca, Le Terrible, ocnamena 16 annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn
na nonontx noxax (FPMF) M51.1
1
. M51.1 rpexcrynenuarax rneporon-
nnnnax paxera, cnoconax necrn o mecrn oerononox TN-75. Tpn pyrnx
HHAPF xnacca Triomphant x 2017 r. yyr nepenoopyxent na M51.1, xoro-
pte samenxr FPMF M45
2
. Moepnnsannx Le Vigilant, xax oxnanoct,
onxna tna trt sanepmena n 2011 r., a moepnnsannx Le Triomphant n
Le Tmraire yer saxonuena n 2012 n 2017 rr. coornercrnenno
3
. Yconep-
mencrnonannax nepcnx M51.1 M51.2 npenasnauena nx necennx nono
Tte Nuclaire Ocanique (TNO, oxeannuecxo xepno oerononxn) c
nsnpaemo momnocrtm o 150 xr, xoropax, xax nonaramr, yer pasmemartcx
n nono rononno uacrn n nocne 2015 r. samennr M51.1
4
.
K xonny 2011 r. annannonnt xomnonenr ]pannyscxnx xepntx cnn tn
npecrannen nymx +cxapnntxmn nasemnoro asnponannx n ono +cxa-
pnnte mopcxoro asnponannx, n cocran xoroptx nxoxr cnoconte necrn
xepnoe opyxne oente camonert Mirage n Rafale
5
. Camonert Mirage
2000N ns +cxapnntn ncrpenrene 3/4 Limousin n 2018 r. yyr samene-
nt na Rafale. Camoner ocnamaercx xptnartmn paxeramn Air-Sol Moyenne
Porte Amliore (ASMP-A, cpenero panyca ecrnnx xnacca nosyx
semnx, ynyumennax)
6
. Kptnarte paxert ASMP-A necyr Tte Nuclaire
Aeroporte (TNA, nosymnym xepnym oerononxy), xoropax xnnxercx
nono repmoxepno oerononxo, cornacno coomennxm, nmemme nsn-
paemym momnocrt 20, 90 n 300 xr. Honax oerononxa Tte Nuclare Oca-
nique c nsnpaemo momnocrtm o 150 xr nocrynnr na noopyxenne npn-
mepno n 2015 r.
7


1
French Navy, Le Terrible livr la marine [Le Terrible delivered to the navy], Press re-
lease, 4 Oct. 2010, <http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/actu-marine/le-terrible-livre-a-la-marine>.
2
Richardson, D., France tests M51 SLBM under operational conditions, Janes Missiles and
Rockets, vol. 14, no. 9 (Sep. 2010), p. 6; n Richardson, D., M51 SLBM performs fourth test-
flight, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 14, no. 3 (Mar. 2010), p. 3.
3
Lennox, D. (ed.), Janes Strategic Weapon Systems, no. 54 (IHS Global Limited: Coulsdon,
2011), p. 51.
4
Lennox, ed. (cnocxa 3), p. 50.
5
French Senate, Avis prsent au nom de la commission des affaires trangres, de la dfense
et des forces armes (1) sur le projet de loi de finances pour 2012, vol. 6, Dfense: Equipement
des forces [Opinions submitted on behalf of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and
Armed Forces (1) on the finance bill for 2012, vol. 6, Defence: Equipping the forces], no. 102
(French Senate: Paris, 17 Nov. 2011), chapter II, section I. B.
6
French Ministry of Defense, Le missile ASMPA [The ASMPA missile], 16 June 2011,
<http://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/equipement/dissuasion/le-missile-asmpa>.
7
Lennox, ed. (cnocxa 3), p. 48.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 359
Tannna 7.5. Repnme cnnm mpannnn no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Tnn
Kon-no
pasnep-
ny1mx e.
Hauano
pasnep-
1mnannn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

Conoxynnan
uomnoc1t
Kon-no
oero-
nonox na
cxnaax
Ca+o.emi uase+uoeo oasupoeauu
Mirage 2000N ~20 1988 2 750 1 x o 300 xr TNA ~20
Rafale F3 ~20 20102011 2 000 1 x o 300 xr TNA ~20
Ca+o.emi na.youoeo oasupoeauu
Rafale MK3 ~10 20102011 2 000 1 x o 300 xr TNA ~10
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi, sanycrae+ie c nooeoouix .ooor
b

M45 32 1996 6 000
c
46 x 100 xr TN-75 160
d

M51.1 16 20102011 6 000 46 x 100 xr TN-75 80
M51.2 0 (2015) 6 000 46 x TNO 0
H1oro ~300
e

( ) = neonpeenennte annte; xr = xnnoronnt; TNA = Tte Nuclaire Aroporte (nos-
ymnax xepnax oerononxa); TNO = Tte Nuclaire Ocanique (oxeannuecxax xepnax oe-
rononxa).
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnue-
cxax oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem.
b
B cepenne 1990-x roon upannnx nepemna x nonnrnxe coepxannx uertpex HHAPF,
cornacno xoropo e neoxonmo nmert ocrarounoe xonnuecrno FPHH nx roro, urot cna-
pxnrt rpn ecrnymmnx HHAPF, n ro npemx xax uerneprax HHAPF yer croxrt na xann-
rantnom pemonre.
c
B oxnae xomnccnn no nannonantno oopone upannyscxo nannonantno accamnen
or 2001 r. yxasano, uro antnocrt nonera M45 cocrannxer ncero nnmt 4000 xm.
d
Ononnenne paxer, nauanmeecx nmecre c moepnnsann nonono noxn "Le Vigilant",
ne xocnercx oerononox, xoropte yyr npncnoconent x ycranonxe na nontx paxerax
M51.1.
e
Y upannnn ner pesepna, onaxo nmeercx neontmoe xonnuecrno sanacntx oerononox,
n pesyntrare uero omee xonnuecrno oerononox ocrnraer npnnnsnrentno 300 e.
Hcmo:uuru: Sarkozy, N., French President, Speech on defence and national security, Porte de
Versailles, 17 June 2008, <http://www.elysee.fr/president/les-dossiers/defense/livre-blanc/paris-
17-juin-2008/livre-blanc-sur-la-defense-et-la-securite.6651.html>; Sarkozy, N., French President,
Presentation of SSBM Le Terrible, Speech, Cherbourg, 21 Mar. 2008, <https://pastel. diplo-
matie.gouv. fr/editorial/actual/ael2/bulletin.gb.asp?liste=20080331.gb.hml>; Mnnncrepcrno oopo-
nt upannnn, pasnnunte nynnxannn, <http://www.defense.gouv.fr/>; upannyscxax nannonant-
nax accamnex, pasnnunte saxont o oopone; Norris, R. S. et al., Nuclear Weapons Databook,
vol. 5, British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons (Westview: Boulder, CO, 1994), p. 10; Air
Actualits, pasnnunte ntnycxn; Aviation Week & Space Technology, pasnnunte ntnycxn; Nu-
clear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pasnnunte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.

BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 360
V. EPHIE CHHI KHTA

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Knra nocrenenno napamnnaer cno xepnt apcenan n pamxax onro-
cpouno nporpammt moepnnsannn, nanenenno na cosanne onee xnnyunx
cnn n nontmennx nx norennnana nx xepnoro ornera. B reuenne nnrentno-
ro npemenn xepnte cnnt Knrax tnn camtmn nenpospauntmn cpen ncex
o]nnnantno npnsnanntx xepntx epxan. Cornacno onenxam, Knra pacno-
naraer apcenanom npnmepno n 200 e. pasnepnyroro xepnoro opyxnx, cpecr-
namn ocranxn xoroporo cnyxar npenmymecrnenno annncrnuecxne paxert
(cm. ran. 7.6). Cunraercx, uro neontmoe uncno om cnoonoro naennx
moxer ocrannxrtcx camoneramn. B pesepne moryr naxonrtcx ononnnrent-
nte oerononxn, uro ononr omee nx xonnuecrno npnnnsnrentno o 240 e.
Henrpantnax noennax xomnccnx Kommynncrnuecxo naprnn Knrax ocy-
mecrnnxer crporn xonrpont sa pasnepnyrtmn xepntmn oerononxamn Kn-
rax uepes nenrpannsonannym cncremy, ynpannxemym Bropo aprnnnepne
Hapono-ocnoonrentno apmnn Knrax (HOAK). Paxernte nopasenennx
Bropo aprnnnepnn, xax npecrannxercx, oprannsonant n mecrt reorpa]nue-
cxn paccpeorouenntx as n onn nenrpantnt cxna nx xpanennx
1
. Cunra-
ercx, uro Knra xpannr cnon xepnte oerononxn na cxnaax orentno or
cpecrn nx ocranxn n ne roron x nx nemenennomy sanycxy
2
.
B mapre 2011 r. npannrentcrno Knrax ntnycrnno nocnenmm ns ntxo-
xmnx onn pas n na roa Fentx xnnr n onacrn oopont
3
. B oxymenre nnont
ronopnrcx o npnnepxennocrn Knrax nonnrnxe nenanecennx xepnoro yapa nep-
ntm n ero namepennn orpannunrt cno xepnt norennnan mnnnmantno neo-
xonmtm nx nannonantno esonacnocrn yponnem. Onaxo n Feno xnnre
orcyrcrnyer nn]opmannx o pasmepe nnn crpyxrype xepntx cnn Knrax.
Cornacno onenxe, Knra onaaer nanmentmnmn cpen o]nnnantno
npnsnanntx xepntx epxan sanacamn opyxenoro ntcoxoooramennoro
ypana (BOY) n nnyronnx (cm. pasen X nnxe). Xorx Knra nnxora o]nnn-
antno ne oxnnxn ]opmantnoro moparopnx na nponsnocrno pacmennxm-
mnxcx nemecrn nx noenntx nene, cunraercx, uro on npexparnn nponsnocr-
no opyxenoro ntcoxoooramennoro ypana n nepno mexy 1987 n 1989 rr., a
opyxenoro nnyronnx n 1991 r. Htnemnne sanact sacrannxmr npenono-
xnrt, uro Knra ne moxer snaunrentno ynennunrt cno sanac xepntx oe-
rononox es roro, urot ne nosononnrt nponsnocrno opyxenoro nnyronnx.
3acnyxnnammne onepnx coomennx o rom, uro xnracxn xepnt apcenan
n nocnenne rot cymecrnenno nsmennncx, orcyrcrnymr
4
.

1
Stokes, M. A., Chinas Nuclear Warhead Storage and Handling System (Project 2049 Insti-
tute: Arlington, VA, 12 Mar. 2010), p. 7.
2
Lewis, J., The Minimum Means of Reprisal: Chinas Search for Security in the Nuclear Age
(MIT University Press: Cambridge, MA, 2007), pp. 111135.
3
Chinese State Council, Chinas National Defense in 2010 (Information Office of the Chinese
State Council: Beijing, Mar. 2011).
4
B 2011 r. onn ns amepnxancxnx yuentx npenonoxnn, uro xnracxn xepnt apcenan
moxer oxasartcx ropaso ontme no cpannennm c panee cenanntmn onenxamn, nocxontxy
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 361
Tannna 7.6. Repnme cnnm Kn1an no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Tnn/xn1ancxoe
oosnauenne
(oosnauenne CmA)
Kon-no
pasnep-
ny1mx e.
Hauano
pasnep-
1mnannn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

3arpysxa
oesapnon
Kon-no
oero-
nonox
Paremi uase+uoeo ~130 ~130
oasupoeauu
b

DF-3A (CSS-2) ~16 1971 3 100
c
1 x 3.3 Mr ~16
DF-4 (CSS-3) ~12 1980 5 500 1 x 3.3 Mr ~12
DF-5A (CSS-4) 20 1981 13 000 1 x 45 Mr 20
DF-21 (CSS-5) ~60 1991 2 100
d
1 x 200300 xr
e
~60
DF-31 (CSS-10 Mod 1) 1020 2006 >7 200 1 x 200300 xr
e
1020
DF-31A (CSS-10 Mod 2) 1020 2007 >11 200 1 x 200300 xr
e
1020
BPHH (48) (48)
JL-1 (CSS-N-3) (12) 1986 >1 770 1 x 200300 xr (12)
JL-2 (CSS-NX-14)
f
(36) . . >7 400 1 x 200300 xr
e
(36)
Ca+o.emi
g
>20 (40)
H-6 (B-6) ~20 1965 3 100 1 x oma (~20)
Kpi.amie paremi 150350 . .
DH-10 150350 2007 >1 500 1 x . . . .
h

H1oro (~240)
i

. . = annte orcyrcrnymr nnn nenpnmennmt; ( ) = neonpeenennte annte; xr = xnno-
ronna; Mr = meraronna; FPHH = annncrnuecxax paxera, sanycxaemax c nonono noxn.
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrn-
uecxax oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx.
b
Knra onpeenxer panyc ecrnnx paxer xax mant npn antnocrn <1000 xm; xax
cpenn npn antnocrn 10003000 xm; xax antnn npn antnocrn 30008000 xm; n xax mex-
xonrnnenrantnt npn antnocrn >8000 xm.
c
antnocrt DF-3A moxer trt ontme, uem otuno coomaercx.
d
Cunraercx, uro napnanr DF-21A (CSS-5 Mod 2) nmeer antnocrt nonera o 2500 xm.
e
Bosmoxno, na mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert DF-31 n DF-31A n FPHH
JL-2 moryr ycranannnnartcx oerononxn ro xe xoncrpyxnnn, uro n nx paxer DF-21, xorx +ro
ne tno nornepxeno.
f
B npecrannennom n ]enpane 2012 r. oxnae pasnetnarentnoro ynpannennx Mnnn-
crepcrna oopont CBA npornosnpyercx, uro paxera JL-2 ocrnrner nepnnuno ]ynxnno-
nantno roronnocrn npnnnsnrentno n 2014 r.
g
annte no camoneram ornocxrcx rontxo x nepcnxm, npncnoconenntm x necennm xep-
noro opyxnx.
h
Cymecrnymr npornnopeunnte coomennx npannrentcrna CBA o cnoconocrn paxert
DH-10 necrn xepnt oesapx.
i
Hpenonaraercx, uro ononnnrentnoe xonnuecrno oerononox moxer trt cxnanpona-
no nx noopyxennx nmn n yymem paxer DF-31, DF-31A n JL-2. Omn sanac oesapxon,
xax cunraercx, moxer cocrannxrt oxono 240 e.

Knra moxer cxptnart oerononxn n paxert n nosemntx ynxepax. Cm.: Wan, W., George-
town students shed light on Chinas tunnel system for nuclear weapons, Washington Post, 30
Nov. 2011; n Kristensen, H. M., No, China does not have 3,000 nuclear weapons, FAS Strategic
Security Blog, Federation of American Scientists, 3 Dec. 2011, <http://www.fas.org/blog/
ssp/2011/12/chinanukes.php>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 362
Hcmo:uuru: US Department of Defense, Military Power of the Peoples Republic of China,
sa pasnte rot; BBC CBA, Hannonantnt nenrp a+poxocmnuecxo pasnexn (NASIC), pas-
nnunte oxymenrt; Henrpantnoe pasnetnarentnoe ynpannenne CBA, pasnnunte oxymen-
rt; Kristensen, H. M., Norris, R. S. and McKinzie, M. G., Chinese Nuclear Forces and U.S.
Nuclear War Planning (Federation of American Scientists/Natural Resources Defense Council:
Washington, DC, Nov. 2006); Norris, R. S. et al., Nuclear Weapons Databook, vol. 5, British,
French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons (Westview: Boulder, CO, 1994); Nuclear notebook,
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pasnnunte ntnycxn; Google Earth; n onenxn anropon.

Bannnc1nuecxne paxe1m naseunoro asnponannn

Bropax aprnnnepnx, xoropax ynpannxer annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na-
semnoro asnponannx Knrax, moepnnsnpyer cnon paxernte cnnt. Moepnn-
sannx npenonaraer sameny ycrapenammnx xnxoronnnnntx paxer na onee
nonte rneporonnnnnte moenn. B nocnenne rot Bropax aprnnnepnx rax-
xe oranana npnopnrer pasneprtnannm monntntx cncrem annncrnuecxnx
paxer cpenero n antnero panyca ecrnnx, cnoconocrt xoroptx nepexnrt
nanaenne ntme no cpannennm c paxeramn maxrnoro asnponannx. Knra-
cxne nnannponmnxn, crpemxct oecneunrt naexnocrt norennnana nx xep-
noro ornera crpant, npnamr +romy coopaxennm nce ontmee snauenne
5
.
Knracxn apcenan annncrnuecxnx paxer, cnocontx necrn xepnoe
opyxne, cocronr ns npnmepno 130 paxer
6
. Ipynrono-monntnax rneporon-
nnnnax nyxcrynenuarax annncrnuecxax paxera cpenero panyca ecrnnx
DF-21 ner na cmeny camo crapo paxert Knrax xnxoronnnnno ono-
crynenuaro annncrnuecxo paxere npomexyrounoro panyca ecrnnx DF-
3A n ntcrynaer n xauecrne cpecrna pernonantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx.
Kpome roro, Knra pacnonaraer xnxoronnnnntmn nyxcrynenuartmn mex-
xonrnnenrantntmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn DF-4, xoropte nocrenenno
onxnt trt samenent na rneporonnnnnte rpexcrynenuarte rpynrono-
monntnte mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert DF-31, xoropte
cnocont ocrnrart nenn na sanae CBA, n Poccnn n Enpone.
Tontxo xnxoronnnnnte nyxcrynenuarte mexxonrnnenrantnte annn-
crnuecxne paxert DF-5A maxrnoro asnponannx n rneporonnnnnte rpex-
crynenuarte rpynrono-monntnte mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne
paxert DF-31/DF-31A ecrnnrentno xnnxmrcx mexxonrnnenrantntmn pa-
xeramn c panycom ecrnnx cntme 5500 xm. Ocraercx nexcntm, samennr nn
Bropax aprnnnepnx ycrapenammne DF-5A na DF-31A nnn coxpannr na noo-
pyxennn oe paxernte cncremt
7
.
Kax y DF-31, rax n y onee antnoono DF-31A coxpameno npemx
nororonxn x sanycxy no cpannennm c npetymnmn noxonennxmn paxer

5
Li Bin, Tracking Chinese strategic mobile missiles, Science & Global Security, vol. 15,
no. 1 (2007), pp. 45.
6
Xorx n Knrae cymecrnyer cnox cncrema onpeenennx panyca ecrnnx paxer, sect nc-
nontsymrcx onpeenennx, npnnxrte Mnnncrepcrnom oopont CBA: nnxnn panyc ecr-
nnx = <1100 xm; cpenn panyc ecrnnx = 11002750 xm; npomexyrount panyc ecr-
nnx = 27505500 xm; n mexxonrnnenrantnt panyc ecrnnx = >5500 xm.
7
Kristensen, H. M. and Norris, R. S., Chinese nuclear forces 2011, Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, vol. 67, no. 6 (Nov./Dec. 2011), p. 82.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 363
antnero panyca ecrnnx. 3ro cnnerentcrnyer o cenannom Bropo ap-
rnnnepne axnenre na nontmennn ntxnnaemocrn nontx paxer, xora npn-
opnrer oraercx monntnocrn, a ne ontmemy panycy ecrnnx n onee
momnomy sapxy oerononxn paxert DF-5A maxrnoro asnponannx
8
. Onaxo
Bropax aprnnnepnx nmeer ornocnrentno neontmo ontr ocymecrnnennx
narpynnponannx monntntmn paxeramn. Cornacno Mnnncrepcrny oopont
CBA, +ro moxer nocrannrt ceptesnte nponemt nepe ntnemnnmn xnra-
cxnmn crpyxrypamn xomanonannx n ynpannennx
9
.


Hononme noxn c annnc1nuecxnun paxe1aun

Y Knrax tnn rpynocrn n pasnnrnn xepntx cnn cepxnnannx mopcxo-
ro asnponannx. B Feno xnnre n onacrn oopont 2011 r. nnont ronopnrcx o
rom, uro noenno-mopcxo ]nor HOAK onaaer xepntm norennnanom n uro
noenno-mopcxo ]nor HOAK... napamnnaer cno norennnan crparernuecxoro
cepxnnannx n nanecennx xonrpyapa
10
. Onaxo cocroxnne n npenonarae-
max crparernx ecrnn ero yxe nmemmnxcx n yymnx aromntx nonontx
noox c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn na opry (HHAPF) ocramrcx nexcntmn c
rex nop, xax +rn noxn ncrynnnn n crpo
11
.
Knra nocrponn enncrnennym HHAPF xnacca Xia (Tnn 092), noopy-
xennym 12 rneporonnnnntmn nyxcrynenuartmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn
na nonontx noxax (FPMF) JL-1 (Ju Long, nnn Bennxax nonna). 3ra no-
nonax noxa nnxora ne ntxonna na oenoe narpynnponanne n, xax cunramr, ne
xnnxercx nonnocrtm oerorono, necmorpx na necxontxo nepeyxomnnexronann.
Boenno-mopcxo ]nor HOAK paspaoran cneymmym HHAPF, xnacca
Jin (Tnn 094). Cymecrnymr npornnopeunnte cneennx o xonnuecrne nocrpo-
enntx nonontx noox
12
. Cornacno Mnnncrepcrny oopont CBA, nepnax
HHAPF xnacca Jin, xax npecrannxercx, rorona x pasneprtnannm
13
. Bropax
nononax noxa moxer trt na ro xe crann roronnocrn, n ro npemx xax cre-
nent roronnocrn rperte crpoxmecx nonono noxn ocraercx nexcno
14
.
Hmeercx raxxe neonpeenennocrt ornocnrentno omero xonnuecrna nono-
ntx noox, xoropte Knra nnannpyer nocrponrt
15
. Panee Mnnncrepcrno oo-
pont CBA npnnonno onenxy, uro Knra xoren t nmert nxrt HHAPF xnac-
ca Jin, c rem urot ona nnn ne noxn nocroxnno naxonnnct na oenom
exypcrne; onaxo n ero nocnenem oruere raxax onenxa orcyrcrnyer
16
.

8
Li Bin (cnocxa 5), p. 26.
9
US Department of Defense (DOD), Military and Security Developments Involving the Peoples
Republic of China 2011, Annual Report to Congress (DOD: Washington, DC, Aug. 2011) p. 34.
10
Chinese State Council (cnocxa 3).
11
Wu Riqiang, Survivability of Chinas sea-based nuclear forces, Science & Global Secu-
rity, vol. 19, no. 2 (2011), pp. 9496.
12
Kristensen, H. M., Chinese Jin-SSBNs getting ready?, FAS Strategic Security Blog, Fed-
eration of American Scientists, 2 June 2011, <http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2011/06/jin2011.php>.
13
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 9), p. 34.
14
Kristensen (cnocxa 12).
15
Kristensen and Norris (cnocxa 7), p. 84.
16
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 9).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 364
Kaxax HHAPF xnacca Jin yer necrn 12 rpexcrynenuartx rneporo-
nnnnntx annncrnuecxnx paxer JL-2, xoropte xnnxmrcx mopcxnm napnanrom
mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer DF-31. Hporpamma JL-2 sacro-
nopnnact ns-sa rexnnuecxnx rpynocre. Ocraercx nexcntm, xora HHAPF
xnacca Jin c FPMF JL-2 yyr nonnocrtm pasnepnyrt. Mnnncrepcrno oo-
pont CBA coomano n 2011 r., uro ara, xora JL-2 ocrnrner nepnonauant-
no oneparnnno oecnoconocrn, ocraercx nensnecrno, onaxo nonernte
ncntrannx paxert, nepoxrno, npoonxarcx
17
. Ho coomennxm n neuarn, noen-
no-mopcxo ]nor HOAK nponen cepnm ns mecrn nonerntx ncntrann JL-2 n
xonne exapx 2011 r. nnn n nauane xnnapx 2012 r.
18



Cauone1m n xpmna1me paxe1m

Boenno-nosymnte cnnt HOAK, xax cunraercx, pacnonaraer neont-
mnm xonnuecrnom om cnoonoro naennx, xoropte moryr trt ocranne-
nt ncrpenrenem-omapnponmnxom H-6 n, nosmoxno, onee conpemenntm
oentm camonerom. Hpenonaraercx, uro noenno-nosymnte cnnt HOAK ne
nmemr cnennantntx nopasenenn, ocnonnax mnccnx xoroptx cocronr n
rom, urot ocrannxrt xepnte omt
19
.
Mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA saxnnno n 2011 r., uro Knra pasneprtna-
er necxontxo nontx rnnon xptnaro paxert
20
. Ho coomennxm, rontxo onn
rnn, DH-10 (Donghai-10, nnn Bocrounoe mope 10), raxxe oosnauaemt
xax CJ-10 (Changjian-10, nnn nnnnt meu 10), nosmoxno, cnocoen ne-
crn xepnoe opyxne. onontno mano nsnecrno o rexnnuecxnx xapaxrepncrn-
xax DH-10, a saxnnennx ornocnrentno nponcxoxennx n xnaccn]nxannn pa-
xert npornnopeunnt
21
. Boenno-nosymnte cnnt CBA xapaxrepnsymr DH-
10 xax otunym nnn xepnym, r. e., ncnontsymr ro xe oosnauenne, uro n
nx pyrnx xptnartx paxer nonoro nasnauennx, nanpnmep, poccncxo AC-
4. Onaxo mnnncrepcrno oopont CBA cunraer DH-10 uacrtm otunoro
ntcoxorounoro yapnoro norennnana Knrax
22
. Knra raxxe paspaartnaer
nepcnm nosymnoro asnponannx DH-10, xoropax, nosmoxno, yer ocran-
nxrtcx yconepmencrnonanno mon]nxanne camonera H-6.


17
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 9), p. 34.
18
Richardson, D., Chinese navy conducts series of Julang-2 SLBM firings, Janes Missiles
and Rockets, vol. 16, no. 3 (Mar. 2012), p. 10.
19
US National Security Council, Report to Congress on status of China, India and Pakistan
nuclear and ballistic missile programs, 28 July 1993, nonyuennt ueepanne amepnxancxnx
yuentx na ocnonannn 3axona CBA o cnooe nn]opmannn, <http://fas.org/irp/threat/930728-
wmd.htm>.
20
Ho cenanno n 2009 r. Mnnncrepcrnom oopont CBA onenxe, tnn pasnepnyrt 150
300 xptnartx paxer DH-10, a n 2010 r. +ra onenxa nospocna o 200500. US Department of
Defense (DOD), Military and Security Developments Involving the Peoples Republic of China
2010, Annual Report to Congress (DOD: Washington, DC, 2010), pp. 2, 66.
21
Easton, I., The assassin under the radar, Chinas DH-10 cruise missile program, Future-
gram no. 09005, Project 2049 Institute, 1 Oct. 2009, <http://project2049.net/publications.html>.
22
US Department of Defense (cnocxa 9), p. 30.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 365
VI. EPHIE CHHI HHHH

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Ho onenxam, Hnnx onaaer apcenanom n 80100 e. xepnoro opyxnx.
3ra onenxa ocnonana na pacuerax nmemmerocx y Hnnn sanaca opyxenoro
nnyronnx n na xonnuecrne pasnepnyrtx cncrem ocranxn, cnocontx necrn
xepnoe opyxne.
Cunraercx, uro n ocnone xepnoro opyxnx Hnnn nexnr nnyronn. Ho
cocroxnnm na 2011 r., sanac opyxenoro nnyronnx Hnnn onennnancx mexy
0.38 n 0.66 ronnamn (cm. pasen X nnxe). Hnyronn tn nponsneen na ren-
nonom xepnom peaxrope na rxxeno noe (CIRUS) momnocrtm 40 MBr, xo-
ropt tn ocranonnen n xonne 2010 r., n na peaxrope na rxxeno noe Dhruva
momnocrtm 100 MBr. Oa peaxropa naxoxrcx n aromnom nccneonarentcxom
nenrpe Fxaxa nns Myman, mrar Maxapamrpa. Hnnx nnannpyer nocrponrt
mecrt peaxropon na tcrptx nerponax, xoropte cymecrnenno ynennuar ee
norennnan no nponsnocrny opyxenoro nnyronnx. Crponrentcrno nporornna
peaxropa na tcrptx nerponax momnocrtm1250 MBr npnnnxaercx x sa-
nepmennm n Kannaxxame, mrar Tamnnnay, re raxxe pasmemaercx nepepaa-
rtnammee npenpnxrne, ne nonaammee no xonrpont Mexynaponoro
arenrcrna no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3). Peaxrop nnannponanoct sanycrnrt
n nmne 2012 r.
1
Hpn ntxoe na 75-nponenrnym paouym momnocrt on noren-
nnantno moxer nponsnonrt oxono 140 xr opyxenoro nnyronnx n ro, uro
ocrarouno nx nsroronnennx 2835 e. xepnoro opyxnx n sanncnmocrn or
xoncrpyxnnn omt n rexnonornn nsroronnennx
2
.
Hnnx npoonxaer ooramart ypan na nenrpn]yxntx momnocrxx na
sanoe pexnx marepnanon n Parrexannn oxono Mncope, mrar Kapnaraxa, re
nponsnonrcx ntcoxoooramennt ypan (BOY), ncnontsyemt n xauecrne
ronnnna n xopaentntx peaxropax. Hnncxax xomnccnx no aromno +neprnn
oxnnna o nnanax no crponrentcrny cnennantnoro npenpnxrnx no oora-
mennm marepnanon n paone unrpaypra, mrar Kapnaraxa, xoropoe noren-
nnantno moxer ncnontsonartcx n rom uncne n nx nponsnocrna ntcoxooo-
ramennoro opyxenoro ypana
3
.
epnax oxrpnna Hnnn ocnonana na npnnnnne mnnnmantnoro naex-
noro cepxnnannx n nenpnmenennx xepnoro opyxnx nepno
4
. Hnxaxnx o]n-
nnantntx saxnnenn, onpeenxmmnx pasmep apcenana, neoxonmoro nx
mnnnmantnoro naexnoro cepxnnannx, ne enanoct, onaxo, cornacno

1
Kanavi, S., Why Indias fast breeder programme is cutting edge, Rediff.com, 13 June 2011,
<http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-why-indias-fast-breeder-programme-is-
cutting-edge/20110613.htm>.
2
Cochran, T. B. et al., Fast Breeder Reactor Programs: History and Status (International
Panel on Fissile Materials: Princeton, NJ, Feb. 2010), pp. 41, 45.
3
Jha, S., Enrichment capacity enough to fuel nuke subs, IBNLive, 26 Nov. 2011, <http://
ibnlive.in.com/news/enrichment-capacity-enough-to-fuel-nuke-subs/206066-61.html>.
4
Indian Ministry of External Affairs, Draft report of National Security Advisory Board on
Indian nuclear doctrine, 17 Aug. 1999, <http://www.mea.gov.in/mystart.php? id=51515763>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 366
Mnnncrepcrny oopont Hnnn, on nxnmuaer norennnant nasemnoro, mop-
cxoro n nosymnoro asnponannx
5
. B mae 2011 r. npemtep-mnnncrp Hnnn
Manmoxan Cnnrx nponen n Amnnncrpannn xepnoro xomanonannx Hnnn
oprane, orneuammem sa xonrpont na xepntm apcenanom crpant, conema-
nne c nentm onennrt nporpecc na nyrn x cosannm ]ynxnnonantno rpna-
t xepntx cnn
6
.

Yapnan annannn

Annannx npecrannxer coo nanonee pasnnrt xomnonenr nnncxoro
norennnana no nanecennm xepnoro yapa (cm. ran. 7.7). Ho coomennxm,
noenno-nosymnte cnnt Hnnn ceprn]nnnponann nx ocranxn xepntx
om cnoonoro naennx mnoronenente oente camonert Mirage 2000H.
Foente camonert noenno-nosymntx cnn Hnnn Jaguar IS Shamsher n
Cyxo Cy-30MKH raxxe ynomnnannct n xauecrne nosmoxntx nocnrene
xepnoro opyxnx
7
. Komanonanne crparernuecxnmn cnnamn Hnnn, xax co-
omanoct, nnecno n mnnncrepcrno oopont npenoxenne o cosannn nyx
nounnxmmnxcx emy ocotx +cxapnnn ncrpenrentno annannn nx oc-
ranxn xepnoro opyxnx
8
.

Paxe1m naseunoro asnponannn

Fannncrnuecxax paxera mano antnocrn Prithvi na nporxxennn mnornx
ner tna enncrnenno naxoxmecx n crpom annncrnuecxo paxero Hnnn.
Prithvi I +ro onocrynenuarax rpynrono-monntnax xnxoronnnnnax paxera
c maxcnmantno antnocrtm nonera 150 xm, xoropax nocrynnna na noopyxenne
n nnncxym apmnm n 1994 r. Bnpoxo pacnpocrpaneno mnenne, uro px paxer
Prithvi I tnn mon]nnnponant nx ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx, xorx +ro
nnxora ne nornepxanoct o]nnnantno. Prithvi II napnanr c ontme ant-
nocrtm nonera, o +ro paxere ronopxr, uro ona raxxe npenasnauena nx ocran-
xn xepnoro opyxnx. B 2011 r. Komanonanne crparernuecxnmn cnnamn npone-
no rpn ycnemntx sanycxa paxer Prithvi II 11 mapra, 9 nmnx n 26 cenrxpx
n xoe otuntx yuenn
9
. Haxncran xanonancx, uro Hnnx ne coomnna sapanee

5
Indian Ministry of Defence (MOD), Annual Report 200405 (MOD: New Delhi, 2005) p. 14.
6
Amnnncrpannx xepnoro xomanonannx cocronr ns nonnrnuecxoro conera no npece-
arentcrnom npemtep-mnnncrpa n ncnonnnrentnoro conera no npecearentcrnom conernnxa
npemtep-mnnncrpa no nannonantno esonacnocrn. npexrnnt Amnnncrpannn xepnoro
xomanonannx peannsymrcx Komanonannem crparernuecxnmn cnnamn no xonrponem rnan-
noxomanymmero. Pandit, R., Manmohan Singh takes stock of countrys nuclear arsenal, Times
of India, 17 May 2011.
7
Naik, P. V., IAF aiming for diverse capabilities, says vice chief of air staff, Air Marshall P. V. Naik
in his keynote address on fighter technology and advance systems, India Strategic, 26 Sep. 2008,
<http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories178.htm>.
8
Press Trust of India, Strategic Command to acquire 40 nuclear capable fighters, Hindustan
Times, 12 Sep. 2010.
9
Prithvi-II ballistic missile test-fired successfully, Indian Express, 26 Sep. 2011; Mallikar-
jun, Y., Prithvi-II successfully flight-tested, The Hindu, 9 June 2011; n Prithvi II, Dhanush test-
fired successfully, Times of India, 11 Mar. 2011.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 367
Tannna 7.7. Repnme cnnm Hnnn no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2011 r.
Tnn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

Honesnan
narpysxa
(xr)
C1a1yc
Ca+o.emi
b

Mirage 2000H Vajra 1 850 6 300 Ho coomennxm, tn ceprn]nnnponan nx ocranxn
xepntx om cnoonoro naennx
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi uase+uoeo oasupoeauu
c

Prithvi I/II 150/250 800/500 Prithvi I nocrynnna na noopyxenne n 1994 r.; no coo-
mennxm, Prithvi I onaaer xepntm norennnanom, n
mnpoxo pacnpocrpaneno mnenne, uro Prithvi II raxxe
cnocona necrn xepnoe opyxne, onaxo nx pont n nt-
nonnennn xepntx saau, nepoxrno, cnnxaercx c npn-
nxrnem na noopyxenne paxer Agni; pasnepnyro menee 50
nycxontx ycranonox; nocnenee nonernoe ncntranne
tno nponeeno 26 cenrxpx 2011 r.
Agni I
d
~700 1 000 Camoe nocnenee ]ynxnnonantnoe ncntranne nnn-
cxax apmnx nponena 1 exapx 2011 r.
Agni II 2 000 1 000 Ycnemnt ncntrarentnt sanycx tn ocymecrnnen
30 cenrxpx 2011 r.; ]ynxnnonantnt craryc nensnecren
Agni III ~3 000 1 500 Haxonrcx n crann nponsnocrna n o]nnnantno npn-
nxra apmne na noopyxenne
Agni IV
e
>3 000 1000 Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; npont sanycx
na paccroxnne o 3000 xm cocroxncx 15 noxpx 2011 r.
Agni V >5 000 1000 Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; npont sanycx sanna-
nnponan na 2012 r.
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi +opcroeo oasupoeauu
Dhanush 350 500 Hcntrana 11 mapra 2011 r.; ner nponecc npnnxrnx na
noopyxenne, onaxo cunraercx, uro paxera eme ne roro-
na x pasneprtnannm
K-15
f
700 500600 Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; npont sanycx c no-
nono nnar]opmt tn ocymecrnnen 26 ]enpanx 2008 r.
K-4 3500 1000 Ho coomennxm, ncntrannx rasonoro crapronoro ycxo-
pnrenx tnn nponeent n xnnape 2010 r.
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnuecxax
oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem. urot oc-
rnut maxcnmantno antnocrn, nonesnym paxernym narpysxy, nosmoxno, npnercx ymentmnrt.
b
Foente camonert Jaguar IS Shamsher n Cyxo Cy-30MKH raxxe ynomnnannct xax
onaammne cnoconocrtm cnyxnrt cpecrnom ocranxn xepntx oesapxon.
c
Hnnx raxxe nauana paspaorxy osnyxono xptnaro paxert c panycom ecrnnx
1000 xm, nsnecrno no nasnannem Nirbhay (Heycrpamnmax), xoropax, nosmoxno, yer
onaart cnoconocrtm necrn xepnoe opyxne.
d
Hepnonauantnt napnanr Agni I, ntne nsnecrnt xax Agni, tn pesyntrarom rex-
nonornuecxo emoncrpannonno nporpammt, sanepmenno n 1996 r. B Mnnncrepcrne oo-
pont Hnnn Agni I nastnamr A1.
e
Hpetymax nepcnx tna nsnecrna no nasnannem Agni II Prime.
f
Bepcnx paxert K-15 nasemnoro asnponannx, nsnecrnax xax Shourya, tna nnepnte nc-
ntrana 12 noxpx 2008 r.; nropo ncntrarentnt sanycx tn nponsneen 24 cenrxpx 2011 r.
Hcmo:uuru: Mnnncrepcrno oopont Hnnn, exeronte oruert n npecc-pennst; International
Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2010 (Routledge: London, 2010); US Air Force,
National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC), Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (NASIC: Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base, OH, June 2009); coomennx nnncxnx cpecrn maccono nn]opmannn;
Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pasnte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 368
o ncntrarentnom sanycxe n mapre, xax roro rpeyer nycroponnee corname-
nne o yneomnennn o ncntrannxx paxer 1991 r.
10

Hcrounnxn n Mnnncrepcrne oopont Hnnn yxastnamr, uro cemecrno an-
nncrnuecxnx paxer ontme antnocrn Agni, xoropte npenasnauent nx
oecneuennx nosmoxnocrn tcrporo pearnponannx na nanecenne xepnoro yapa,
n snaunrentno crenenn npnnxno na cex xepnym pont Prithvi. Kax n Prithvi,
Agni tna paspaorana Hnncxo oprannsanne no ooponntm nccneonann-
xm n paspaorxam n pamxax ee mnorocrpaantno xomnnexcno nporpammt paspa-
orxn ynpannxemtx paxer
11
. Agni I (A1 no oosnauennm Mnnncrepcrna oo-
pont Hnnn) npecrannxer coo onocrynenuarym rneporonnnnnym paxery c
antnocrtm 700 xm, xoropax pasnepnyra n paxerno rpynnnponxe 334- nnn-
cxo apmnn. 1 exapx 2011 r. no npemx apmecxnx yuenn tn nponsneen ncnt-
rarentnt sanycx paxert Agni I c rpynrono-monntno nycxono ycranonxn
12
.
Agni II nyxcrynenuarax rneporonnnnnax paxera, xoropax moxer ocrannrt
oerononxy necom 1000 xr na maxcnmantnoe paccroxnne 2000 xm. 30 cenrxpx
2011 r. Komanonanne crparernuecxnmn cnnamn ycnemno sanycrnno Agni II
c xomnnexca na ocrpone Ynnep y noepextx mrara Opncca. 3ro tn nropo
ycnemnt ncntrarentnt sanycx paxert nocne nyx neyau n 2009 r.
13

Oprannsannx no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam paspaartna-
na napnanr Agni II, nsnecrnt panee xax Agni II Prime, no nosnee nepe-
nmenonannt n Agni IV. Cornacno onxnocrntm nnnam Oprannsannn no
ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam, nyxcrynenuarax Agni IV coep-
xnr necxontxo rexnonornuecxnx yconepmencrnonann, nxnmuax xomnosnrnte
paxernte nnrarenn, ynyumennt mexannsm pasenennx crynene n conpemen-
nym nannrannonnym cncremy
14
. 15 noxpx 2011 r. Agni IV tna ycnemno
sanymena c xomnnexca na ocrpone Ynnep n nponerena 3000 xm n nameuennt
paon nopaxennx nenn n Fenrantcxom sannne
15
. Oprannsannx no ooponntm
nccneonannxm n paspaorxam nnannpyer nocrannrt Agni IV na noopyxenne
n 2014 r. nocne nyxuertpex ononnnrentntx nonerntx ncntrann
16
.
Oprannsannx no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam raxxe pas-
paorana Agni III nyxcrynenuarym rneporonnnnnym paxery, cnoconym
ocrannrt oesapx necom 1500 xr na paccroxnne 30003500 xm. B nmne 2011 r.
renepantnt npexrop Oprannsannn no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspa-
orxam Bnxa Kymap Capacnar cxasan, uro +ra paxera tna npnnxra apmne
na noopyxenne n sanymena n nponsnocrno
17
.
Oprannsannx no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam oraer npn-
opnrer paspaorxe rpexcrynenuaro rpynrono-monntno Agni V. C ant-

10
Pakistan test-fires Abdali missile, Dawn, 26 Mar. 2011.
11
Verma, B., How DRDO failed Indias military, Rediff, 15 Jan. 2008, <http://www.rediff.
com/news/2008/jan/15guest.htm>.
12
Indian Ministry of Defence, Press Information Bureau, Army conducts successful flight
test of missile Agni A1-06, 1 Dec. 2011, <http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx? relid=77985>.
13
Subramanian, T. S., and Mallikarjun, Y., Agni-II soars in success, The Hindu, 30 Sep. 2011.
14
Pandit, R., With China in mind, India tests new-generation Agni missile with high kill ef-
ficiency, Times of India, 16 Nov. 2011.
15
Subramanian, T. S., Agni-IV test-flight a stupendous success, The Hindu, 15 Nov. 2011.
16
Shukla, A., DRDO plans early entry of Agni-4 into arsenal, Business Standard, 17 Dec. 2011.
17
Press Trust of India, India to test fire Agni-V by year-end, The Hindu, 3 June 2011.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 369
nocrtm n 5000 xm +ra paxera yer cnocona ocrnrart nene na reppnropnn
ontme uacrn Knrax. Hepnt ncntrarentnt sanycx Agni V oxnancx n
xonne 2011 r., no rax n ne tn nponsneen o 19 anpenx 2012 r.
18


Paxe1m uopcxoro asnponannn

Oprannsannx no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam nponena nc-
ntrannx xomnonenron cncremt nononoro sanycxa paxer n paspaartnaer
nyxcrynenuarym annncrnuecxym paxery, xoropax moxer trt sanymena c
naxoxmecx n norpyxennom cocroxnnn nonono noxn npn nomomn raso-
noro crapronoro ycxopnrenx
19
. B saxnnennxx Mnnncrepcrna oopont Hnnn
paxera nastnanact K-15 nnn B-05, onaxo n pyrnx ncrounnxax o ne ynomn-
nann xax o npoexre Sagarika (Oxeannuecxax), xoropt xnnxercx nasnann-
em paouero npoexra Oprannsannn no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspa-
orxam
20
. Honax paxera, ocnamennax xepntm opyxnem, yer cnocona oc-
rannxrt oesapx necom n 500 xr na paccroxnne o 700 xm. Bapnanr
nasemnoro asnponannx K-15, nastnaemt Shourya, n rpern pas npomen
ycnemnte nonernte ncntrannx 24 cenrxpx 2011 r.
21

Oprannsannx no ooponntm nccneonannxm n paspaorxam raxxe pas-
paartnaer nonym annncrnuecxym paxery na nonono noxe, nsnecrnym
xax K-4, xoropax moxer nmert antnocrt o 3500 xm
22
. K-4 n xoneunom cuere
samennr paxery K-15 npn ocnamennn cxoncrpynponanno n Hnnn aromno
nonono noxn c annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn, xoropax xnnxercx pesyntra-
rom nnncxo nporpammt cosannx rexnonornuecxn nepeontx xopane.
Hepnax ns +rnx nonontx noox, Arihant, tna sanoxena n 2009 r. n, xax
oxnaercx, nauner npoxonrt mopcxne ncntrannx n 2012 r. Honax nononax
noxa cmoxer necrn nno 12 paxer K-15, nno 4 paxert K-4
23
.
Hnnx raxxe npoonxaer paorart na paxero Dhanush, xnnxmmecx
nepcne Prithvi II mopcxoro asnponannx, xoropax sanycxaercx co crannnsa-
nnonno nnar]opmt, ycranonnenno na nanontx xopanxx. Ho coomennxm,
ona cnocona necrn oerononxy necom 500 xr na maxcnmantnoe paccroxnne 350
xm n npenasnauena nx nanecennx yapon xax no mopcxnm, rax n eperontm
nenxm. Dhanush npomna ycnemnte nonernte ncntrannx na nnncxom noen-
no-mopcxom xopane Suvarna nns noepextx mrara Opncca 11 mapra 2011 r.
24


18
Pandit, R., Eyeing China, India to enter ICBM club in 3 months, Times of India, 17 Nov. 2011.
19
Unnithan, S., The secret K missile family, India Today, 20 Nov. 2010; n Subramanian,
T. S., DRDO plans another K-15 missile launch, The Hindu, 28 Jan. 2011.
20
Subramanian (cnocxa 19).
21
Subramanian, T. S. and Mallikarjun, Y., India successfully test-fires Sourya missile, The
Hindu, 24 Sep. 2011.
22
Unnithan (cnocxa 19).
23
Press Trust of India, Nuclear sub Arihant to start sea trials in some months: Verma, IBN
Live, 2 Dec. 2011, <http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/nuclear-sub-arihant-to-start-sea-
trials-in-some-months-ver ma/921449.html>; n India to achieve N-arm triad in February, Times
of India, 2 Jan. 2012.
24
Shukla, A., Strategic Forces Command tests Prithvi and Dhanush missiles, Indian Mili-
tary.org, 12 Mar. 2011, <http://www.indian-military.org/news-archives/indian-air-force-news/ 1428-
strategic-forces-command-test-prithvi-and-dhanush-missiles.html>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 370
VII. EPHIE CHHI HAKHCTAHA

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Cornacno onenxam, Haxncran nmeer 90110 ennnn xepnoro opyxnx,
xoropoe moxer trt ocranneno c nomomtm camoneron n paxer
(cm. ran. 7.8). B ntnemnnx xoncrpyxnnxx oerononox Haxncrana, xax nona-
ramr, ncnontsyercx ntcoxoooramennt ypan (BOY), onaxo nmemrcx cnn-
erentcrna roro, uro Haxncran nnxercx x cosannm apcenana, ocnonannoro
na nnyronnn. Foerononxn na nnyronnn moryr trt nerue n xomnaxrnee no
cpannennm c ananornuntmn no momnocrn oerononxamn, nponsneenntmn
na ntcoxoooramennom ypane. Hexoropte +xcneprt ann onenxy, uro sanact
xepnoro opyxnx Haxncrana mornn ynonrtcx n reuenne ecxrnnernx sa cuer
ynennuennx momnocre no nponsnocrny opyxenoro nnyronnx
1
.
Haxncran napamnnaer momnocrn no nponsnocrny nnyronnx n xepnom
xomnnexce n Xymae, mrar Henxa. B nacroxmee npemx +ror xomnnexc co-
cronr ns rpex xepntx peaxropon na rxxeno noe n sanoa no nponsnocrny
rxxeno not. uerneprt peaxrop na rxxeno noe crponrcx. Hpecrannxer-
cx, uro nce uertpe peaxropa cnocont renepnponart onnaxonym momnocrt
2
.
Ero nepnt peaxrop no nponsnocrny nnyronnx Khushab-I momnocrtm 40
50 MBr, cornacno onenxe, nponsnonr 5.711.5 xr nnyronnx n ro, n sanncn-
mocrn or sarpyxennocrn, uro ocrarouno nx cosannx 13 ennnn xepnoro
opyxnx, n sanncnmocrn or xoncrpyxnnn opyxnx n rexnonornn nsroronnennx
3
.
Bropo peaxrop no nponsnocrny nnyronnx, Khushab-II, noxoxe, nauan
]ynxnnonnponart n xonne 2009 r. nnn 2010 r.
4
Hepnt opyxent nnyronn
na Khushab-II mor trt nonyuen n 2011 r.
5
Crponrentcrno rpertero peaxro-
pa n Xymae nauanoct n 2006 r. n, noxoxe, tno saxonueno n xonne 2011 r., o
uem cnnerentcrnymr neanno noxnnnmnecx n orxptrtx ncrounnxax nsopa-
xennx, nonyuennte co cnyrnnxon. Hsopaxennx co cnyrnnxon raxxe noxast-
namr, uro paort na uerneprom peaxrope raxxe nauannct n xonne 2010 r.
6

Cnyxn o nosmoxno xnracxo nomomn n crponrentcrne uerneproro peaxro-
pa, noxoxe, oxasannct esocnonarentntmn
7
. epnt xomnnexc n Xymae, n co-

1
Norris, R. S. and Kristensen, H. M., Nuclear notebook: Pakistans nuclear forces, 2011,
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 67, no. 4 (July 2011), p. 91.
2
International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fissile Material Report 2011: Nu-
clear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production (IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012),
p. 19.
3
International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fissile Material Report 2010: Bal-
ancing the Books: Production and Stocks (IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Dec. 2010), p. 132.
4
Brannan, P., Steam emitted from second Khushab reactor cooling towers; Pakistan may
have started operating second reactor, Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) Re-
port, 24 Mar. 2010, <http://isis-online.org/isis-reports/category/pakistan/>.
5
International Panel on Fissile Materials (cnocxa 3).
6
Albright, D. and Brannan, P., Pakistan appears to be building a fourth military reactor at the
Khushab nuclear site, Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) Report, 9 Feb. 2011,
<http://isis-online.org/isis-reports/category/pakistan/>.
7
Hibbs, M., Chinese help on Khushab-4?, Arms Control Wonk, 22 Feb. 2011, <http://
hibbs.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/162/>. Cm. raxxe pasen V rnant 8 nacroxmero nsannx.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 371
Tannna 7.8. Repnme cnnm Haxnc1ana no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2011 r.
Tnn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

Honesnan
narpysxa
(xr)
C1a1yc
Ca+o.emi
F-16A/B 1600 4500 B nacroxmee npemx, n cepenne cpoxa cnyxt, npoxo-
nr moepnnsannm, xoropax onxna sanepmnrtcx n
20132014 rr.
Mirage III/V 2100 4000 Hcnontsonancx nx npontx nycxon xptnaro paxert
nonoro nasnauennx Raad
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi uase+uoeo oasupoeauu
Abdali (Hatf-2) ~180 200400 Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; tna ncntrana 11
mapra 2011 r.
Ghaznavi (Hatf-3)
b
290 500 Hocrynnna na noopyxenne naxncrancxo apmnn n
2004 r.; pasnepnyro menee 50 nycxontx ycranonox;
camt nocnenn ncntrarentnt sanycx cocroxncx
8 max 2010 r.
Shaheen I (Hatf-4)
c
650 7501 000 Hocrynnna na noopyxenne naxncrancxo apmnn n
2003 r.; pasnepnyro menee 50 nycxontx ycranonox;
camt nocnenn ncntrarentnt sanycx cocroxncx
8 max 2010 r.
Shaheen II (Hatf-6) 2500 (~1 000) Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; oxnaercx, uro cxopo
craner oneparnnno oerorono
Ghauri I (Hatf-5) >1200 7001 000 Hocrynnna na noopyxenne naxncrancxo apmnn n
2003 r.; pasnepnyro menee 50 nycxontx ycranonox;
camt nocnenn ncntrarentnt sanycx cocroxncx
20 exapx 2010 r.
Nasr (Hatf-9) ~60 . . Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; nepnt ncntrarent-
nt sanycx cocroxncx 19 anpenx 2011 r.
Kpi.amie paremi
Babur (Hatf-7)c 600 400500 Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; camt nocnenn
ncntrarentnt sanycx tn nponsneen 28 oxrxpx
2011 r.
Raad (Hatf-8) 350 . . Haxonrcx n crann paspaorxn; nosymnoro asn-
ponannx; camt nocnenn ncntrarentnt sanycx
tn nponsneen 29 anpenx 2011 r.
. . = annte orcyrcrnymr; ( ) = neonpeenennte annte.
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnuecxax
oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx n sanncnmocrn or xapaxrepa nonera n sarpysxn opyxnem. urot oc-
rnut maxcnmantno antnocrn, nonesnym paxernym narpysxy, nosmoxno, npnercx ymentmnrt.
b
Cunraercx, uro paxera "Hatf-3" xnnxercx xonne paxert M-11, npnoperenno y Knrax n
1990-x roax.
c
Paspaartnaercx nepcnx c ynennuenno antnocrtm nonera "Shaheen IA".
d
Ho coomennxm, paspaartnamrcx raxxe nepcnn mopcxoro n nosymnoro asnponannx.
Hcmo:uuru: US Air Force, National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC), Ballistic and
Cruise Missile Threat (NASIC: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, June 2009); US Central Intel-
ligence Agency, Unclassified report to Congress on the acquisition of technology relating to weap-
ons of mass destruction and advanced conventional munitions, 1 January through 30 June 2002,
Apr. 2003, <https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/archived-reports-1/>; US National Intelligence
Council, Foreign missile developments and the ballistic missile threat through 2015 (nesacexpe-
uennoe xparxoe nsnoxenne), Dec. 2001, <http://www.dni.gov/nic/special_missilethreat2001.html>;
International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 20062007 (Routledge: London,
2007); Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pasnte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 372
noxynnocrn c roontm nponsnocrnom ntcoxoooramennoro ypana, moxer
ynennunrt roonte nponsnocrnennte momnocrn Haxncrana no cosannm
xepntx oerononox n necxontxo pas. Onaxo +ro yer sanncert or crpant,
nmemme ocrarounte momnocrn no nepepaorxe orpaorannoro ronnnna, a
raxxe cnoenpemenntx n ocrarountx nocranox ypana nx sarpysxn peaxropon
n Xymae
8
.
Ho cocroxnnm na 2011 r., Haxncran, cornacno onenxe, onaan sanacom
90-nponenrnoro ntcoxoooramennoro ypana n pasmepe 2.353.15 r (cm. pas-
en X nnxe). Ooramenne, xax nonaramr, nponsnonrcx na nenrpn]yxntx
momnocrxx no ooramennm ypana n Kaxyre n Ianane.


Yapnan annannn

Cunraercx, uro noenno-nosymnte cnnt Haxncrana npexe ncnontsona-
nn nx ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx nexoropte ns oentx camoneron F-16A/B,
nocrannenntx ns CBA n 1980-x roax
9
. Hexcno, saxpenneno nn sa +rnmn ca-
moneramn ntnonnenne xepntx mnccn n nacroxmee npemx. Haxncrancxne
noenno-nosymnte cnnt raxxe nmemr na noopyxennn oente camonert
Mirage III n Mirage V, xoropte tnn moepnnsnponant nyrem ycranonxn
na nnx nonoro opronoro pano+nexrponnoro oopyonannx n nenxx ynennue-
nnx nx yapnoro norennnana n npnannx nm cnoconocrn ocrannxrt xep-
noe opyxne. antnocrt nonera camoneron Mirage tna ynennuena n pe-
syntrare cosannx noenno-nosymntmn cnnamn Haxncrana nosmoxnocrn nx
nx osanpanxn n nosyxe c ncnontsonannem camonera Hn-78.
Haxncran raxxe paspaartnaer xptnarym paxery nosymnoro asnpona-
nnx, nsnecrnym xax Ra'ad (Hatf-8), xoropax yer nmert antnocrt 350 xm.
Hocnenn ncntrarentnt sanycx tn nponeen 29 anpenx 2011 r. Cornacno
cnyxe no cnxsxm c omecrnennocrtm Mexneomcrnenno cnyxt Haxncra-
na, Ra'ad xnnxercx xptnaro paxero nonoro nasnauennx c ncnontsona-
nnem rexnonornn crenc, xoropax nosnonnr Haxncrany ocrnut ontmero
crparernuecxoro norennnana cepxnnannx npornnnnxa na semne n n mope
10
.


Paxe1m naseunoro asnponannn

Haxncrancxn apcenan annncrnuecxnx paxer, cnocontx ocrannxrt
xepnoe opyxne, npecrannen rpemx rnnamn oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx paxer.

8
Albright, D. and Brannan, P., Commercial satellite imagery suggests Pakistan is building a
second much larger plutonium production reactor: is South Asia headed for a dramatic buildup in
nuclear arsenals, Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) Report, 24 July 2006,
<http://isis-online.org/isis-reports/category/pakistan/>.
9
US National Security Council, Report to Congress on status of China, India and Pakistan
nuclear and ballistic missile programs, 28 July 1993, nonyuennt ueepanne amepnxancxnx
yuentx na ocnonannn 3axona CBA o cnooe nn]opmannn, <http://fas.org/irp/threat/930728-
wmd.htm>, p. 7.
10
Pakistani Inter Services Public Relations, Press Release no. PR104/2011-ISPR, 29 Apr.
2011, <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&date=2011/4/29>.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 373
Ghaznavi (Hatf-3) rneporonnnnnax rpynrono-monntnax annncrnuecxax
paxera nnxnero panyca ecrnnx, npnnxrax na noopyxenne n apmnn Haxn-
crana n 2004 r. Tneporonnnnnax annncrnuecxax paxera nnxnero panyca
ecrnnx Shaheen I (Hatf-4) tna npnnxra na noopyxenne n 2003 r. nxo-
ronnnnnax Ghauri I (Hatf-5), n ocnone xoropo nexnr cenepoxopecxax pa-
xera Nodong, xnnxercx enncrnenno naxncrancxo oneparnnno pasnepny-
ro annncrnuecxo paxero cpenero panyca ecrnnx.
Hannonantnt ooponnt xomnnexc Haxncrana paspaartnaer onon-
nnrentnte rnnt ocnamenntx xepntm opyxnem annncrnuecxnx paxer:
Shaheen IA n Shaheen II (Hatf-6) cpenero panyca ecrnnx n Abdali
(Hatf-2) n Nasr (Hatf-9) nnxnero panyca ecrnnx. Shaheen IA nep-
cnx Shaheen I ynennuennoro panyca ecrnnx. Shaheen II nyxcrynen-
uarax rneporonnnnnax rpynrono-monntnax paxera, xoropax moxer n xoneu-
nom cuere samennrt annncrnuecxym paxery cpenero panyca ecrnnx
Ghauri. Ona paspaartnanact ontme ecxrnnernx n cxopo moxer trt
pasnepnyra.
11 mapra 2011 r. Haxncrana nponen ncntrarentnt sanycx annncrnue-
cxo paxert nnxnero panyca ecrnnx Abdali (Hatf-2). Hent ncntrannx
cocroxna n rom, urot nponepnrt rexnnuecxne ynyumennx, nponsneennte
n paxere
11
. Hporpamma Abdali nauanact n 1980-x roax, no tna npexpame-
na n 1994 r. B 1997 r. Haxncran nosononnn paory na nono xoncrpyxnne
paxert c ymentmenntm panycom ecrnnx. Paxera, nepnoe nonernoe ncnt-
ranne xoropo tno nponeeno n 2002 r., onaaer cnoconocrtm necrn
xepnoe opyxne
12
.
19 anpenx 2011 r. Haxncran nponen nepnoe nonernoe ncntranne annn-
crnuecxo paxert nnxnero panyca ecrnnx Nasr (Hatf-9), cnocono
necrn xepnoe opyxne
13
. Nasr rpynrono-monntnax rneporonnnnnax pa-
xera, xoropax, xax npecrannxercx, npenasnauena nx necennx nono, ouent
xomnaxrno xepno oerononxn, npnrono nx ncnontsonannx n sone xon-
]nnxra
14
. npexrop orenennx crparernuecxnx nnanon Xann Axme Knna
oxapaxrepnsonan ncntranne xax xonconnnpymmee norennnan crparernue-
cxoro cepxnnannx Haxncrana na ncex yponnxx cnexrpa yrpost n npeoc-
rannxmmee nosmoxnocrn paxert mano antnocrn n ononnenne x nosmox-
nocrxm yxe nmemmnxcx annncrnuecxnx paxer cpenero n antnero panyca
ecrnnx n xptnartx paxer
15
.
28 oxrxpx 2011 r. Haxncran nponen nocnenee ns cepnn nonerntx nc-
ntrann Babur (Hatf-7), xptnaro paxert nasemnoro asnponannx, cno-
cono ocrannxrt xepnoe opyxne. Paxera c antnocrtm ecrnnx 600 xm
tna sanymena c nonoro rpexcrnontnoro rpynrono-monntnoro rpancnoprno-

11
Pakistani Inter Services Public Relations, Press Release no. PR62/2011-ISPR, 11 Mar.
2011, <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&id=1689>.
12
Lennox, D. (ed.), Janes Strategic Weapon Systems, no. 54 (IHS Global Limited: Coulsdon,
2011) p. 120.
13
Pakistani Inter Services Public Relations, Press Release no. PR94/2011-ISPR, 19 Apr. 2011,
<http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&id=1721>.
14
Ansari, U., Pakistan tests nuke-capable short-range missile, Defense News, 20 Apr.
2011.
15
Pakistani Inter Services Public Relations (cnocxa 13).
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 374
ro cpecrna nx sanycxa paxer, xoropoe npenasnaueno nx nontmennx no-
paxaemocrn nenn n ntxnnaemocrn
16
. Haxncrancxax oprannsannx no paspa-
orxe paxer, Hannonantnax mamnnocrponrentnax n nayunax xomnccnx, no co-
omennxm, paoraer na ynennuennem panyca ecrnnx paxert o 1000 xm
17
.
Paspaorxa Haxncranom nontx rnnon xptnartx paxer n annncrnuecxnx
paxer nnxnero panyca ecrnnx, cnocontx ocrannxrt xepnoe opyxne,
moxer trt noxasarenem ero pacrymero ecnoxocrna no nonoy cnoe cno-
conocrn npornnocroxrt npenocxoxmnm otuntm cnnam Hnnn n ee naxo-
xmecx n crann sapoxennx npornnopaxerno oopont. Kpome roro, pa-
xernte nporpammt Abdali n Nasr sacrannxmr npenonoxnrt, uro crpare-
rnuecxoe nnannponanne Haxncrana pasnnnaercx n nanpannennn pacmnpennx
xpyra upesntuantx cnryann, n xoroptx yer npnmeneno xepnoe opyxne.
Cornacno nexoroptm naxncrancxnm noenntm +xcnepram, crpana tna ntny-
xena paspaartnart raxrnuecxoe xepnoe opyxne n orner na oxrpnny nn-
ncxo apmnn xonont crapr, cornacno xoropo Hnnx roronnrcx co-
nepmart crpemnrentnte, no orpannuennte nanaennx na reppnropnm Haxn-
crana ntnnnyrtmn nnepe mexannsnponanntmn cnnamn c ncnontsonannem
rontxo otuntx nnon noopyxenn
18
.

16
Pakistani Inter Services Public Relations, Press Release no. PR256/2011-ISPR, 28 Oct.
2011, <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&date=2011/10/28>.
17
Associated Press of Pakistan, Government has prepared comprehensive plan to equip
armed forces: Musharraf, 30 May 2008, <http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_
content&task=view&id=9898&Itemid=2>.
18
Ansari (cnocxa 14); Reuters, Pakistan builds low yield nuclear capability, Dawn, 15 May
2011; n Hatf- IX test-fired, The Nation, 20 Apr. 2011.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 375
VIII. EPHIE CHHI H3PAHH

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Hspannt npoonxaer npnepxnnartcx cnoe anne nonnrnxn xepno
nenpospaunocrn: on o]nnnantno ne nornepxaer, no n ne onponepraer na-
nnune y nero xepnoro opyxnx
1
. Onaxo mnpoxo pacnpocrpaneno mnenne, uro
Hspannt ncnontsyer nccneonarentcxn peaxrop na rxxeno noe n Henrpe
xepntx nccneonann n nycrtne Heren nns nmont nx nponsnocrna
opyxenoro nnyronnx. B orxptrom ocryne nmeercx ouent mano nn]opmannn
o ncropnn ]ynxnnonnponannx peaxropa n nmone. Cornacno ono ns one-
nox, na nem, no cocroxnnm na 2011 r., mornn nponsnecrn 690950 xr opyxe-
noro nnyronnx (cm. pasen X nnxe). Bosmoxno, rontxo uacrt +roro nnyronnx
tna ncnontsonana nx nponsnocrna opyxnx.
Ho namnm npenonoxennxm, Hspannt pacnonaraer npnmepno 80 e. co-
pannoro xepnoro opyxnx, 50 ns xoroptx xnnxmrcx oerononxamn, ocrannxe-
mtmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn, a ocrantnte omamn, ocrannxemtmn
annanne (cm. ran. 7.9). Hspannt, nosmoxno, nponsnonn necrparernuecxoe
xepnoe opyxne, nxnmuax aprnnnepncxne cnapxt n oenpnnact c xepntm
nsptnuartm nemecrnom, onaxo +ra nn]opmannx nnxora ne nornepxanact.
Hspannt npoonxaer paspaartnart nepeonte annncrnuecxne paxert
ontmo antnocrn, cnoconte ocrannxrt xepnte oerononxn. 2 noxpx
2011 r. on nponen ncntrarentnt sanycx mnorocrynenuaro annncrnuecxo
paxert c annaast Hanmaxnm
2
. He coomax noponocre o paxere, Mnnn-
crepcrno oopont Hspannx saxnnno, uro nentm sanycxa tna nponepxa nn-
rarentno ycranonxn paxert
3
. Hnocrpannte anannrnxn nenrn]nnnponann
paxery xax, nanonee nepoxrno, xnnxmmymcx yconepmencrnonanno nepcne
annncrnuecxo paxert npomexyrouno antnocrn Jericho III, xoropax
npomna cnoe nepnoe nonernoe ncntranne n xnnape 2008 r.
4

Hmenoct mnoro cnexynxnn na remy o rom, uro Hspannt, nosmoxno, pas-
paoran cnoconym necrn xepnoe opyxne xptnarym paxery mopcxoro asn-
ponannx nx cnoero ]nora, cocroxmero ns rpex nsent-+nexrpnuecxnx no-
nontx noox rnna 800 xnacca Dolphin, xynnenntx n Iepmannn
5
. Hspannt

1
O ponn +ro nonnrnxn n npnnxrnn Hspannem pemenn n onacrn esonacnocrn, cm.:
Cohen, A., Israel, eds H. Born, B. Gill and H. Hnggi, SIPRI, Governing the Bomb: Civilian
Control and Democratic Accounability of Nuclear Weapons (Oxford University Press: Oxford,
2010).
2
Williams, D., Israel test-fires missile as Iran debate rages, Reuters, 2 Nov. 2011, <http://
www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/02/us-israel-missile-idUSTRE7A11BR20111102>.
3
Pfeffer, A. and Reuters, IDF test-fires ballistic missile in central Israel, Haaretz, 2 Nov.
2011.
4
Richardson, D., Israel tests ballistic missile, Janes Missiles and Rockets, vol. 16, no. 1
(Jan. 2012).
5
Germany sells Israel more Dolphin subs, Defense Industry Daily, 6 Feb. 2012, <http://
www.defenseindustrydaily.com/germany-may-sell-2-more-dolphin-subs-to-israel-for-117b-
01528/>; n Williams, D., Admiral stirs question on Israels nuclear subs, Reuters,
22 Sep. 2010, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/09/22/nuclear-israel-submarines-idUSLDE68
L12T20100922>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 376
ynopno onponepran +rn coomennx. C rex nop Hspannt xynnn n Iepmannn
eme ne noxn roro xe xnacca, xoropte crponnnct n reuenne 2011 r. na nep]n
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG nns Knnx
6
.


Tannna 7.9. Repnme cnnm Hspannn no coc1onnnm na nnnapt 2012 r.
Tnn
antnoc1t
(xu)
a

Honesnan
narpysxa
(xr)
C1a1yc
Ca+o.emi
b

F-16A/B/C/D/I 1 600 5 400 205 camoneron; cunraercx, uro nexoropte ns nnx
Falcon ceprn]nnnponant nx ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx
Ba..ucmu:ecrue paremi
c

Jericho II 1 500 750 oxono 50 paxer; pasneprtnanne nauanoct n 1990 r.;
1 800 1 000 ncntrarentnt sanycx cocroxncx 27 nmnx 2001 r.

Jericho III >4 000 1 000 Hcntrana 17 xnnapx 2008 r. n 2 noxpx 2011 r.;
1 300 craryc nensnecren
a
antnocrt camoneron npnnonrcx ncxnmunrentno n nnnmcrpannonntx nenxx; ]axrnue-
cxax oenax antnocrt naptnpyercx. urot ocrnut maxcnmantno antnocrn, nonesnym pa-
xernym narpysxy, nosmoxno, npnercx ymentmnrt.
b
Hexoropte ns 25 nspanntcxnx camoneron F-15I moryr raxxe cnyxnrt cpecrnamn oc-
ranxn xepnoro opyxnx na antnne paccroxnnx.
c
Kocmnuecxax paxera-nocnrent "Shavit", ecnn ee nepeoopyonart n annncrnuecxym pa-
xery, cmoxer ocrannxrt nonesnym narpysxy necom 775 xr na paccroxnne 4000 xm.
Hcmo:uuru: Cohen, A., The Worst-Kept Secret: Israels Bargain with the Bomb (Columbia
University Press: New York, 2010); Cohen, A. and Burr, W., Israel crosses the threshold, Bulle-
tin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 62, no. 3 (May/June 2006); Cohen, A., Israel and the Bomb (Co-
lumbia University Press: New York, 1998); Albright, D., Berkhout, F. and Walker, W., SIPRI,
Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1996: World Inventories, Capabilities and Policies (Ox-
ford University Press: Oxford, 1997); Janes Strategic Weapon Systems, pasnnunte ntnycxn;
Fetter, S., Israeli ballistic missile capabilities, Physics and Society, vol. 19, no. 3 (July 1990)
ononnennt ananns, cm. n neonynnxonannom marepnane A ballistic missile primer, <http://
www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/Fetter/Publications>; Nuclear notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Sci-
entists, pasnnunte ntnycxn; n onenxn anropon.

6
O noxynxe Hspannem nonontx noox Dolphin cm. raxxe pasen I rnant 6 nacroxme-
ro nsannx.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 377
IX. EPHIH BOEHHIH HOTEHHHAH CEBEPHOH KOPEH

Bennon H. KAHH, unnnnn BEHH n Xanc M. KPHCTEHCEH

Kopecxax Hapono-emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa (KHP, nnn Cenepnax
Kopex) npoemoncrpnponana cnoconocrt cosanart xepnoe opyxne, npone-
x n ncntrarentntx nenxx nosemnte xepnte nsptnt n oxrxpe 2006 r. (no
onenxe, momnocrtm menee 1 xr) n mae 2009 r. (no onenxe, momnocrtm oxono
23 xr)
1
. B oonx cnyuaxx onenounax momnocrt nsptnon tna ropaso ment-
me ocrnrnyro npn nepntx xepntx ncntrannxx, npononmtx pyrnmn ro-
cyapcrnamn. B amepnxancxnx pasnetnarentntx cnyxax ncntranne 2006 r.
nasnann neyauntm n nocunrann, uro ncntranne 2009 r. tno, necomnenno,
onee ycnemntm no cpannennm c ncntrannem 2006 r.
2
. Onn +xcnepr na oc-
none ocoennocre panonsoronon, xoropte tnn copant na crannnxx mo-
nnropnnra n nonnn, Rxno Kopee n Poccnn n mae 2010 r., ntnnnyn rnno-
resy, uro Cenepnax Kopex, nosmoxno, n reuenne mecxna nponena na ncntra-
nnx xepnoro opyxnx ouent nnsxo momnocrn
3
.
Cornacno onenxam, na xonen 2010 r. Cenepnax Kopex nmena npnmepno 30
xr nnyronnx, ntenennoro ns orpaorannoro ronnnna c ontrno-+xcnepnmen-
rantnoro peaxropa c rpa]nrontm samennrenem momnocrtm 5 MBr n Hone-
ne (cm. pasen X nnxe)
4
. 3roro xonnuecrna tno t ocrarouno nx cosannx
o noctmn ennnn xepnoro opyxnx, npnnnmax no nnnmanne, uro na xaxym
ennnny opyxnx npnxonrcx 45 xr nnyronnx n sanncnmocrn or cenepoxope-
cxnx xoncrpyxnnn n nnxenepntx nantxon. Cenepnax Kopex, nosmoxno, no-
nyunna nomomt n xoncrpynponannn opyxnx or oprannsannn A. K. Xana
5
.
Cornacno npocounnmemycx oruery, nororonnennomy n 2011 r. rpynno
+xcnepron no Cenepno Kopee Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, crpana ntnonnxna
nporpammy no ooramennm ypana na nporxxennn necxontxnx ner nnn axe
ecxrnnern
6
. B noxpe 2010 r. Cenepnax Kopex npoemoncrpnponana ene-

1
Cm.: Fedchenko, V., North Koreas nuclear test explosion, 2009, SIPRI Fact sheet, Dec.
2009, <http://books.sipri.org/product_info? c_product_id=397>.
2
Annual threat assessment of the US intelligence community for House Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence: Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence, Statement for the
record, 3 Feb. 2010, <http://dni.gov/testimonies_2010.htm>, p. 14.
3
Ananns sacrannxer npenonoxnrt, uro Cenepnax Kopex, nosmoxno, ncntrtnana mare-
pnant n merot n nenxx nontmennx momnocrn xepntx ycrpocrn. De Geer, L. E., Ra-
dionuclide evidence for low-yield nuclear testing in North Korea in April/May 2010, Science &
Global Security, vol. 20, no. 1 (2012).
4
Hecker, S. S., A return trip to North Koreas Yongbyon nuclear complex, Center for In-
ternational Security and Cooperation, 20 Nov. 2010, <http://cisac.stanford.edu/publications/north_
koreas_yongbyon_nuclear_complex_a_report_by_siegfried_s_hecker/>.
5
O oprannsannn Xana, nosrnannxemo naxncrancxnm yuentm Aynom Kanpom Xanom,
cm.: Fitzpatrick, M. (ed.), Nuclear Black Markets: Pakistan, A. Q. Khan and the Rise of
Proliferation Networks, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) Strategic Dossier
(Routledge: Abingdon, 2007).
6
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (2009), Report, p. 20. Hpocounn-
mncx oruer nmeercx no apecy: <http://www.scribd.com/doc/55808872/UN-Panel-of-Experts-
NORK-Report-May-2011>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 378
rannn amepnxancxnx yuentx npexe cexpernym ycranonxy no ooramennm
ypana, pacnonoxennym n sannn n Honene, re pantme nsrorannnnannct ro-
nnnnnte crepxnn
7
. Cornacno oruery rpynnt +xcnepron OOH, ntcoxa nepoxr-
nocrt roro, uro ona nnn necxontxo cexperntx ycranonox, cnocontx npons-
nonrt HOY [nnsxoooramennt ypan] nnn BOY [ntcoxoooramennt ypan],
cymecrnymr napannentno n n pyrnx mecrax n crpane
8
. Ipynna +xcnepron
raxxe nocunrana, uro Cenepnax Kopex, nepoxrno, onaaer n pyrnmn cex-
perntmn momnocrxmn nx opaorxn n npenpamennx ncxonoro ypanonoro
ctptx n ]opmy, npnronym nx ncnontsonannx n rasontx nenrpn]yrax, panno
xax n nx nsroronnennx nenrpn]yr. Hensnecrno, nponsnonna nn Cenepnax
Kopex ntcoxoooramennt ypan nx ncnontsonannx n xepnom opyxnn.


7
Hecker (cnocxa 4).
8
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (cnocxa 6), p. 20.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 379
X. IHOFAHIHIE 3AHACI H HPOH3BOCTBO
PACBEHHRBHXC MATEPHAHOB B 2011 r.

Anexcanp IHEH3EP n 3na MHAH

Meaynaponan nccneona1entcxan rpynna no pacmennnmmnucn
ua1epnanau

Marepnant, xoropte moryr noepxnnart nsptnnym nennym peaxnnm
enennx, neoxonmt nx ncex nnon xepntx sapxon, or aromnoro opyxnx
nepnoro noxonennx o nepeonoro repmoxepnoro opyxnx. Hanonee otunte
ns +rnx pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon ntcoxoooramennt ypan (HEU) n
nnyronn nourn nmo nsoronno crpyxrypt. B +rom pasene n noponocrxx
npecrannent ntnemnne sanact BOY (ran. 7.10) n ntenennoro nnyronnx
(ran. 7.11), n rom uncne n opyxente, n nepeuncnent cymecrnymmne momno-
crn nx nponsnocrna +rnx marepnanon (ran. 7.12 n 7.13 coornercrnenno). Hn-
]opmannx n rannnax ocnonana na nontx onenxax, nororonnenntx nx
Global Fissile Material Report 2011
1
.
Kax nponsnocrno BOY, rax n nnyronnx naunnaercx c npnponoro ypana
2
.
Hpnpont ypan nourn nonnocrtm cocronr ns nsorona U-238, ne nonepxen-
noro nenno peaxnnn, n coepxnr npnmepno 0.7% U-235, onaxo xonnenrpa-
nnm U-235 moxno ynennunrt nyrem ooramennx otuno c ncnontsonannem
rasontx nenrpn]yr. Ooramennt ypan, n xoropom coepxnrcx menee 20% U-
235 (otuno 35%), nsnecrnt xax nnsxoooramennt ypan, npnroen nx
ncnontsonannx n +neprernuecxnx peaxropax. Coepxanne n ooramennom ypa-
ne nsnecrnom xax BOY ne menee 20% U-235 otuno npnnnmaercx sa ca-
mym nnsxym xonnenrpannm, npn xoropo ypan npaxrnuecxn moxno ncnont-
sonart n xepnom opyxnn. Onaxo c nentm mnnnmnsnponart maccy xepnoro
sapxa opyxent ypan otuno ooramaercx o yponnx, npentmammero
90% U-235. Hnyronn nponsnonrcx n xepntx peaxropax nyrem onyuennx
U-238 nerponamn n nnocnecrnnn xnmnuecxn ntenxercx ns orpaorannoro
ronnnna n nponecce nepepaorxn. Hnyronn coepxnr pasnte xomnnannn
nsoronon, n ontmnncrno raxnx xomnnann npnront nx ncnontsonannx n
opyxnn. Koncrpyxropt opyxnx npenounramr paorart c xomnnanne, co-
epxame npenmymecrnenno Pu-239, ns-sa ee ornocnrentno nnsxoro xo+]-
]nnnenra camonponsnontnoro nsnyuennx nerponon n ramma-nyue n nnsxo-
ro rennontenennx n pesyntrare +roro panoaxrnnnoro pacnaa. Opyxent
nnyronn otuno coepxnr ontme 90% nsorona Pu-239. Hnyronn n rn-
nnunom orpaorannom ronnnne +neprernuecxnx peaxropon (peaxropnt nny-
ronn) coepxnr 5060% Pu-239, no on npnroen nx ncnontsonannx n opy-
xnn, axe n opyxentx xoncrpyxnnxx nepnoro noxonennx.
Hxrt xepntx epxan yuacrnnn oronopa 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpane-
nnn xepnoro opyxnx Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA

1
International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fissile Material Report 2011: Nu-
clear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production (IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012).
2
Bce noponocrn, cm.: International Panel on Fissile Materials (cnocxa 1), npnnoxenne B.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 380
nponsnonnn xax BOY, rax n nnyronn. Hnnx, Hspannt n Cenepnax Kopex
nponsnonnn n ocnonnom nnyronn, a Haxncran npenmymecrnenno opy-
xent BOY. Bce rocyapcrna, n xoroptx cymecrnyer rpaxancxax xepnax
npomtmnennocrt, onaamr onpeenenntm norennnanom nx nponsnocrna
pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon.


Tannna 7.10. Mnponme sanacm nmcoxoooramennoro ypana (BOY) n 2011 r.
C1pana
Haxonnennme
sanacm (n 1)
a

Hponsnoc1nennmn
c1a1yc
Kouuen1apnn
Knra 16 4 Ocranonneno
n 19871989 rr.
upannnx
b
31 6 Ocranonneno n Bxnmuaer 4.6 r oxnnenntx
1996 r. nenoenntx sanacon
Hnnx
c
2.0 0.3 Hpoonxaercx
Hspannt
d
0.3
Haxncran 2.75 0.4 Hpoonxaercx
Poccnx
e
667 120 Ocranonneno n Bxnmuaer 50 r, npenonoxnrentno
19871988 rr. sapesepnnponanntx nx ronnnna nx
xopaentntx n nccneonarentcxnx pe-
axropon; ne nxnmuaer 71 r, nonexa-
mym oenennm
Bennxo- 21.2 (oxnneno) Ocranonneno n Bxnmuaer 1.4 r oxnnenntx
pnrannx
f
n 1962 r nenoenntx sanacon
CBA
g
510 (oxnneno) Hpexpameno n Bxnmuaer 130 r sapesepnnponanntx
1992 r. nx ronnnna nx xopaentntx peaxropon
n 20 r. nx ronnnna nx npounx pao-
rammnx na BOY peaxropon; ne nxnm-
uaer 100 r., nonexamne oenennm
nnn yrnnnsannn
He onaammne ~20
xepntm opyxnem
rocyapcrna
h

H1oro ~1270i He nxnmuae1 171 1, noneaamym
oenennm
a
Fontmax uacrt +roro marepnana xnnxercx ypanom-235 (c ooramennem 9093%), xoro-
pt otuno paccmarpnnaercx xax opyxent. Baxnte ncxnmuennx ormeuent ram, re +ro
rpeyercx. Oenenne (r.e. cnnxenne xonnenrpannn U-235) nsnnmxon poccncxoro n amepn-
xancxoro opyxenoro BOY o xonna 2011 r. n o cepennt 2011 r. coornercrnenno nxnmueno
n pacuer.
b
upannnx oxnnna MAIAT3, uro, no cocroxnnm na xonen 2010 r., ona pacnonaraer 4.6
r BOY rpaxancxoro nasnauennx; sect npenonaraercx, uro peut ner o opyxenom oora-
mennom o 93% BOY, axe necmorpx na ro, uro uacrt +roro marepnana npetnaer n neony-
uenno ]opme. Heonpeenennocrt n onenxe ornocnrcx rontxo x noennomy sanacy n pasmepe
26 r n ne xacaercx oxnnennoro sanaca n 4.9 r.
c
Cunraercx, uro Hnnx nponsnonr BOY (ooramennt o 3045%) c nentm ncnontso-
nart ero n xauecrne ronnnna nx xopaentntx peaxropon. Onenxa ornocnrcx x BOY, oora-
mennomy o 30%.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 381
d
Hspannt, nosmoxno, npnopen oxono 300 xr opyxenoro BOY y CBA n 1965 r. nnn panee.
e
Ho cocroxnnm na 31 exapx 2011 r., 442 r poccncxoro opyxenoro BOY tnn oe-
nent. Onenxa poccncxoro pesepna nx xopaentntx peaxropon cenana anropamn, ncxox ns
nennunnt poccncxoro ]nora.
f
Bennxopnrannx oxnnna, uro, no cocroxnnm na 31 mapra 2002 r., ona pacnonarana sa-
nacom BOY n pasmepe 21.9 r, no ne yxasana cpenmm crenent ero ooramennocrn. C roro
npemenn, no onenxam, morno trt norpeneno n xauecrne ronnnna nx xopaentntx peaxro-
pon 0.7 r. Bennxopnrannx oxnnna MAIAT3, uro, no cocroxnnm na xonen 2010 r., ona o-
naana sanacom BOY nenoennoro nasnauennx n pasmepe 1.4 r.
g
Konnuecrno amepnxancxoro BOY npnneeno n ]axrnuecxnx ronnax, a ne n +xnnnanenre
marepnana, ooramennoro o 93%. Ho cocroxnnm na 30 cenrxpx 1996 r., CBA onaann
sanacom BOY n pasmepe 741 r, nxnmuammem 620 r U-235. K nacroxmemy npemenn 233 r ame-
pnxancxoro BOY npenasnauent nx oenennx. Ho cocroxnnm na cepenny 2011 r., CBA
oennnn ns +roro xonnuecrna 135 r; onaxo nnmt nesnaunrentnoe xonnuecrno +roro BOY
tno opyxentm. Kpome roro, ne menee 100 r naxoxrcx n ]opme neonyuennoro ronnnna
nx xopaentntx peaxropon.
h
B exeronom oxnae MAIAT3 sa 2010 r. nepeuncnxmrcx 230 cymecrnenntx sanacon
BOY, naxoxmnxcx no nceoemnmme rapanrne MAIAT3. nx orpaxennx neonpeenen-
nocrn, cnxsanno c pasno crenentm ooramennx +roro marepnana, npecrannennoro npe-
nmymecrnenno ronnnnom nx nccneonarentcxnx peaxropon, omne sanact BOY onennnamr-
cx n 20 r. Oxono nononnnt +roro xonnuecrna npnxonrcx na Kasaxcran n oorameno o ypon-
nx, cnerxa npentmammero 20%.
i
Hroronte annte oxpyrnent o nnxamnx 5 r.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 382
Tannna 7.11. Mnponme sanacm nmenennoro nny1onnn n 2011 r.
Iocyapc1no
Boennme
sanacm no
coc1onnnm
na 2011 r.
(n 1onnax)
Coc1onnne
nponsnoc1na
nn noennmx
nya
Ipaaancxne sanacm no
coc1onnnm na 2011 r., ecnn
ne yxasano nnoe (n 1onnax)
a

Knra 1.8 0.8 Hpexpameno n 1991 r. 0.01
upannnx 6 1.0 Hpexpameno n 1992 r. 56 (ne nxnmuax 24.2 r, npnnanexamnx
nnocrpannam)
Iepmannx 7.6 (no upannnn, Iepmannn n
Bennxopnrannn)
Hnnx
b
0.52 0.14 Hpoonxaercx 4.44 (nxnmuax 4.2 r, ne naxoxmnxcx
no rapanrnxmn MAIAT3)
Hspannt
c
0.82 0.13 Hpoonxaercx
nonnx 44.9 (nxnmuax 35 r, naxoxmnxcx
no upannnn n Bennxopnrannn)
KHP
d
0.03 Bosononneno
n 2009 r.
Haxncran
e
0.11 0.02 Hpoonxaercx
Poccnx
f
128 8 (34 r Peantno npexpameno 48.4
oxnnent n 1997 r.
nstrountmn)
Bennxo- 7.6 (4.4 r Hpexpameno n 1995 r. 86.8 (nxnmuax 0.9 r sa rpannne,
pnrannx
g
oxnnent ne nxnmuax 28.0 r, npnnanexamnx
nstrountmn) nnocrpannam)
CBA
h
92 (53.9 r Hpexpameno n 1988 r.
oxnnent
nstrountmn)
Hroro ~237 (92 r ~248
osnnnenm
nsm1ounmun)
a
Hexoropte crpant nnaemr sanacom nnyronnx nx rpaxancxnx nyx, xpanxmerocx sa
pyexom, uame ncero no upannnn n Bennxopnrannn, no ne sanonnxmr exnapannm no ]op-
me INFCIRC/549 nx MAIAT3. B uncno +rnx crpan nxoxr Hrannx, nmemmax 5.8 r nnyronnx,
n Hnepnant, nnaemmne 0.3 r nnyronnx. 3rn sanact xpanxrcx n Ha Iaare, upannnx.
b
Hnnx nponsnonna opyxent nnyronn na peaxropax CIRUS n Dhruva, noxa CIRUS
ne tn n xonne 2010 r. ocranonnen. B pamxax Hnncxo-amepnxancxo nnnnnarnnt no rpax-
ancxomy xepnomy corpynnuecrny 2005 r. Hnnx ornecna x noennomy cexropy ontmym
uacrt nnyronnx, ntenennoro ns orpaorannoro ronnnna rpaxancxnx peaxropon. Xorx +ror
nnyronn sect nastnaercx rpaxancxnm, nocxontxy on npenasnauen nx ncnontsonannx n
xauecrne ronnnna n peaxropax na tcrptx nerponax, on, no ycnonnxm nonncannoro 2 ]en-
panx 2009 r. nnncxnm npannrentcrnom n MAIAT3 Ocooro cornamennx c Hnne o ra-
panrnxx esonacnocrn, no +rn rapanrnn ne nonaaer.
c
Kax npenonaraercx, Hspannt npoonxaer +xcnnyarnponart peaxrop no nponsnocrny
nnyronnx n nmone, onaxo ncnontsyer ero npenmymecrnenno nx nponsnocrna rpnrnx.
d
Ho coomennxm, Cenepnax Kopex oxnnna n nmne 2008 r. o nponsnocrne 31 xr nnyro-
nnx, nponena xepnte ncntrannx n 2006 n 2009 rr. n nosononnna n 2009 r. nponsnocrno
nnyronnx, nonyunn eme 810 xr.
e
Cornacno onenxam, Haxncran nponsnonr oxono 20 xr opyxenoro nnyronnx n ro na
peaxropax Khushab-1 n Khushab-2. B +rom xe mecre crpoxrcx eme na peaxropa nx nponsno-
crna nnyronnx.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 383
f
Poccnx ne nxnmuaer nnyronn, oxnnennt nstrountm, n cnom exnapannm no ]op-
me INFCIRC/549 nx MAIAT3.
g
Bennxopnrannx oxnnna o 86 r nnyronnx rpaxancxoro nasnauennx (ne nxnmuax 28 r,
naxoxmnxcx na reppnropnn Bennxopnrannn, no npnnanexamnx nnocrpannam). B +ro xo-
nnuecrno nxoxr 4.4 r opyxenoro nnyronnx, oxnnennte nstrountmn, xoropte n nacrox-
mee npemx naxoxrcx no rapanrnxmn Enponecxoro coomecrna no aromno +neprnn (Enpa-
roma) n onxnt trt nepeant no rapanrnn MAIAT3. 3ror nnyronn nxnmuaercx n sana-
ct rpaxancxoro nasnauennx. B 1995 r. Bennxopnrannx oxnnna, uro ona npexparnna
nponsnocrno pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon nx nsroronnennx opyxnx; +ror ro cran nocne-
nnm, xora pnrancxn Henrp aromnoro opyxnx n Onepmacrone nonyunn nnyronn c nepe-
paartnammero sanoa n Cenna]nne.
h
B cnoe exnapannn no ]opme INFCIRC/549 nx MAIAT3 CBA oxnnnn 53.9 r nny-
ronnx nstrountmn nx ncnontsonannx n noenntx nenxx.
Hcmo:uuru o. mao.ui 7.10: International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fis-
sile Material Report 2011: Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production
(IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012), figure 1, p. 10; Hspau.i: Myers, H., The real source of Israels
first fissile material, Arms Control Today, vol. 37, no. 8 (Oct. 2007), p. 56; cm. raxxe: Gil-
insky, V. and Mattson, R. J., Revisiting the NUMEC affair, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
vol.66, no. 2 (Mar./Apr. 2010); Poccu: United States Enrichment Corporation, Megaton to
megawatts, <http://www.usec.com/>; Be.uroopumauu: British Ministry of Defence, Historical
accounting for UK defence highly enriched uranium, Mar. 2006, <http://www.mod.uk/Defence
Internet/AboutDefence/CorporatePublications/HealthandSafetyPublications/DepletedUranium/>;
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Communication received from the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning its policies regarding the management of pluto-
nium, INFCIRC/549/Add.8/14, 28 June 2011; CLA: US Department of Energy (DOE), Highly
Enriched Uranium, Striking a Balance: A Historical Report on the United States Highly Enriched
Uranium Production, Acquisition, and Utilization Activities from 1945 through September 30,
1996 (DOE: Washington, DC, 2001); George, R. and Tousley, D., DOE, US highly enriched ura-
nium disposition, Presentation to the Nuclear Energy Institute Nuclear Fuel Supply Forum, Wash-
ington, DC, 24 Jan. 2006; George, R., U.S. HEU disposition program, Institute of Nuclear Mate-
rials Management 50th Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, 1319 July 2009; n Person, G. A., Future
surplus HEU disposition in the U. S., Institute of Nuclear Materials Management 52nd Annual
Meeting, Palm Desert, CA, July 2011; ue oo.aoamuue oepui+ opy+ue+ cmpaui: IAEA, An-
nual Report 2010 (IAEA: Vienna, 2011), table A4.
Hcmo:uuru o. mao.ui 7.11: International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fis-
sile Material Report 2011: Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production
(IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012), figure 4, p. 17; US Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. removes
nine metric tons of plutonium from nuclear weapons stockpile, Press release, 17 Sep. 2007,
<http://www.energy.gov/nationalsecurity/5500.htm>; sanaci epa+oaucroeo uasua:euu (rpo+e
Huouu): exnapannn crpan no ]opme INFCIRC/549, nanpannennte Mexynaponomy arenr-
crny no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3), <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/>; Ceeep-
ua Kope: Kessler, G., Message to U. S. preceded nuclear declaration by North Korea, Wash-
ington Post, 2 July 2008; Poccu: poccncxo-amepnxancxoe cornamenne o yrnnnsannn nnyro-
nnx, saxnnennoro xax nnyronn, ne xnnxmmncx onee neoxonmtm nx nene oopont,
opamennn c nnm n corpynnuecrne n +ro onacrn (poccncxo-amepnxancxoe cornamenne o
yrnnnsannn nnyronnx n opamennn c nnm), nonncannoe 29 anrycra n 1 cenrxpx 2000 r.,
ononnennoe n anpene 2010 r. n ncrynnnmee n cnny n nmne 2011 r., <http://www.state.gov/t/
isn/trty/>; Be.uroopumauu: 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, Delegation of
the United Kingdom, Statement, 19 May 2010, <http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/statements/
statements_day_19may.shtml>.
BOEHHBE PACXOB H BOOPVEHHB, 2011 384
Tannna 7.12. Kpynnme npenpnn1nn no ooramennm ypana n unpe n nx uom-
noc1n no coc1onnnm na exapt 2011 r.
C1pana
Hasnanne nnn
uec1ononoaenne
npenpnn1nn
Tnn C1a1yc
Hponecc
ooramennn
a
Momnoc1t
(1mcnun
EPP/r)
b

Aprenrnna Hnntxantey Ipax. 3anycxaercx nnont I 203000
Fpasnnnx Pesene 3npnumenr Ipax. Crponrcx IH 115200
Knra Hanuxoy 2 Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 500
Hanuxoy (nont) Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 500
Bantcn Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 1000
upannnx Enpon] Ipax. ecrnymmee I 10 800
opx Fecce II Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 7 50011000
Iepmannx YpenxoIponay
c
Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 2 2004 500
Hnnx Parrexannn Boennoe ecrnymmee IH 1530
Hpan Harann Ipax. Crponrcx IH 120
Kym Ipax. Crponrcx IH 510
nonnx Poxxaco
d
Ipax. Bpemenno saxptro IH <1050
KHP Honen . . . . IH 8
e

Hnepnant Ypenxo Anmeno Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 50006000
Haxncran Ianan Boennoe ecrnymmee IH . .
Kaxyra Boennoe ecrnymmee IH 1545
Poccnx Anrapcx Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 2 2005000
(tnmn Anrapcx-10)
Honoypantcx (tnmn Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 13 300
Cnepnoncx-44)
Cenepcx (tnmn Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 3 800
Tomcx-7)
3enenoropcx Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 7 900
(tnmn Kpacnoxpcx-45)
Bennxo- Kenenxepcr Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 5 000
pnrannx
CBA Apena Hrn Pox Ipax. Hnannpyercx IH 33006600
crponrentcrno
Hayxa Ipax. Fyer saxptro I 11 300
Haxron, Orao Ipax. Hnannpyercx IH 3 800
crponrentcrno
Ypenxo Rnnc Ipax. ecrnymmee IH 5900
a
Iasonenrpn]yxnt (IH) mero xnnxercx ocnonno rexnonorne pasenennx nsoronon,
ncnontsyemo nx ynennuennx coepxannx U-235 n ypane, onaxo na nexoroptx npenpnxrn-
xx npoonxaer ncnontsonartcx rason]]ysnonnt (I) mero.
b
EPP/r = ennnnt pasennrentno paort n ro: EPP ennnna nsmepennx paort oo-
rarnrentnoro npenpnxrnx no pasenennm ypana c anntm coepxannem ypana-235 na na
xomnonenra: c onee ntcoxnm n onee nnsxnm coepxannem ypana-235.
c
Hponcxonr pacmnpenne momnocre.
d
Henrpn]yxnoe npenpnxrne n Poxxaco tno saxptro n exape 2010 r.; nnannpyercx
nnont orxptrt ero, nnepnn na nem nonym nenrpn]yxnym rexnonornm.
e
O cenepoxopecxom npenpnxrnn n Honene, cm. pasen IX ntme.
Hcmo:uuru: annte o momnocrn oorarnrentntx npenpnxrn ocnontnamrcx na: Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information Systems
(INFCIS), <http://www-nfcis.iaea.org/>; International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global
Fissile Material Report 2011: Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production
(IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012); n Citizens' Nuclear Information Center (CNIC), Uranium en-
richment plant turns into a big waste dump, Nuke Info Tokyo, no. 140 (Jan./Feb. 2011), pp. 34.
BEPHBE CHHB CTPAH MHPA 385
Tannna 7.13. Kpynnme nepepaa1mnammne npenpnn1nn n unpe no coc1onnnm
na exapt 2011 r.
Bce npenpnxrnx nponsnoxr ronnnno nx nerxonontx peaxropon (HBP),
sa ncxnmuennem ocoo ynomxnyrtx
C1pana
Hasnanne nnn uec1ononoaenne
npenpnn1nn
Tnn C1a1yc
Hpoex1nan
uomnoc1t
(1TM/r)
a

Knra Hnnornt sano n Hanuxoy Ipax. ecrnymmee 50100
upannnx Ha Xar UP2 Ipax. ecrnymmee 1000
Ha Xar UP3 Ipax. ecrnymmee 1000
Hnnx
b
Kannaxxam (ronnnno nx TBP) nonoro ecrnymmee 100
nasnauennx
Tapanyp-I (ronnnno nx TBP) nonoro ecrnymmee 100
nasnauennx
Tapanyp-II (ronnnno nx TBP) nonoro ecrnymmee 100
nasnauennx
Tpome (ronnnno nx TBP) Boennoe ecrnymmee 50
Hspannt nmona (ronnnno nx TBP) Boennoe ecrnymmee 40100
nonnx JNC Toxa Ipax. Bpemenno saxptro 200
Poxxaco Ipax. Orxptnaercx 800
KHP Honen Boennoe Haxonrcx n 100150
roronnocrn
Haxncran uamma (ronnnno nx TBP?) Boennoe Crponrcx 50100
Hnnop (ronnnno nx TBP) Boennoe ecrnymmee 2040
Poccnx Maxx PT-1, Osepcx (tnmn Ipax. ecrnymmee 200400
uenxnncx-65)
Cenepcx (tnmn Tomcx-7) Boennoe Fyer saxptro 6000
enesnoropcx (tnmn Boennoe Fyer saxptro 3500
Kpacnoxpcx-26)
Bennxo- BNFL B205 Marnoxc Ipax. Fyer saxptro 1500
pnrannx BNFL Thorp, Cenna]nn Ipax. ecrnymmee 1200
CBA H-xanton, nnomaxa Ipax. ecrnymmee 15
Cananna Pnnep
TBP = rxxenonont peaxrop.
a
Hpoexrnax momnocrt osnauaer maxcnmantnoe xonnuecrno orpaorannoro ronnnna, xo-
ropoe npenpnxrne moxer nepepaorart; ona nsmepxercx n ronnax rxxenoro meranna n ro
(rTM/r). rTM ennnna nsmepennx xonnuecrna rxxenoro meranna n annom cnyuae ypana,
coepxamerocx n orpaorannom ronnnne. uaxrnuecxax momnocrt uacro cocrannxer nnmt
neontmym uacrt npoexrno momnocrn. Hanpnmep, poccncxoe npenpnxrne PT-1 nnxora
ne nepepaartnano onee 130 rTM/r, a upannnx ns-sa nenosononnennx sapyexntx xon-
rpaxron cxopo yer nepepaartnart ncero nnmt 850 rTm/r. Orpaorannoe ronnnno HBP co-
epxnr oxono 1% nnyronnx, ronnnno rxxenonontx peaxropon n peaxropon c rpa]nrontmn
samennrenxmn oxono 4%.
b
B pamxax nnncxo-amepnxancxo nnnnnarnnt no rpaxancxomy xepnomy corpynn-
uecrny 2005 r. Hnnx npnnxna pemenne ne orxptnart nx nncnexnn MAIAT3 nn onoro ns
cnonx npenpnxrn.
Hcmo:uuru: annte o npoexrno momnocrn ocnontnamrcx na: International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information Systems (INFCIS), <http://www-
nfcis.iaea.org/>; n International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), Global Fissile Material Report 2011:
Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production (IPFM: Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2012).








HACTL III. HEPACRPOCTPAHEHHE,
KOHTPORL HA BOOPYXEHHRMH
H PA3OPYXEHHE, 2011

Inana 8. Konrpont na xepntmn noopyxennxmn n xepnoe nepacnpo-
crpanenne
Inana 9. Coxpamenne yrpos esonacnocrn or xnmnuecxnx n nonornue-
cxnx marepnanon
Inana 10. Konrpont na otuntmn noopyxennxmn
8. KOHTPOAB HA REPHBMH BOOPYEHHRMH
H REPHOE HEPACHPOCTPAHEHHE


KPATKHH OF3OP

B 2011 e. no-npe+ue+y ouyua.c no.umu:ecru u+ny.ic e oo.acmu oo-
eoeopuix nooxoooe r roumpo.m uao eoopy+euu+u u pasopy+euum, a mar+e
+uoeocmopouuux uuuuamue no npeoomepaueuum pacnpocmpaueuu opy+u
+accoeoeo yuu:mo+euu u nomeuua.oe o. eeo cosoauu. Tar, ecmynu. e cu-
.y uoei poccucro-a+epuraucru oeoeop o CHB, npeoyc+ampueamuu oo-
no.uume.iuie corpaueuu cmpameeu:ecrux uacmyname.iuix oepuix cu.
oeyx eocyoapcme (c+. pasoe. I uacmoue e.aei). Cmopoui e coomeemcmeuu
c epaquro+ ocyuecme..u uucneruu, oo+eu oauui+u, yeeoo+.euu+u u npu-
uu+a.u opyeue +epi e pa+rax ocuoeauuoeo ua compyouu:ecmee pe+u+a ua-
o.moeuu u npoeepru, npeoyc+ompeuuoeo ooeoeopo+. Jmom pe+u+ cma. oo-
uu+ us e.aeuix oocmu+euu uoeoeo oeoeopa o CHB, nocro.iry e eeo pa+rax
coxpaueui u pacuupeui cosoauuie e coomeemcmeuu c npou.i+ oeoeopo+ o
CHB +exauus+i noeiueuu ypoeu mpaucnapeumuocmu u npeocrasye+ocmu
oepuix cu. oeyx cmpau, romopie oi.u npomueuura+u e xo.oouo eoue.
Hoei oeoeop o CHB osua+euoea. npooo.+euue npoecca roumpo. uao
eoopy+euu+u, cooecmeoeaeueeo nepec+ompy cmpameeu:ecrux omuoueuu
+e+oy Poccue u CLA.
B 2011 e. nepeoo:epeouoe sua:euue o. +e+oyuapoouoeo cooouecmea
coxpauu.u ycu.u no npeoomepaueuum pacnpocmpaueuu oepuoeo opy+u.
Hoo npucma.iui+ euu+auue+ orasa.uci Hpau u Cupu eocyoapcmea, e om-
uoueuuu romopix oi.u eioeuuymi ooeuueuu e ocyuecme.euuu mauix
npoepa++ no cosoauum oepuoeo opy+u e uapyueuue oeoeopa 1968 e. o ue-
pacnpocmpaueuuu oepuoeo opy+u (HBO). Hoc.e mpex .em pacc.eooeauu
Me+oyuapoouoe aeeumcmeo no amo+uo ouepeuu (MAIATJ) npuu.o r eieo-
oy, :mo coopy+euue ua meppumopuu Cupuu, paspyueuuoe e pesy.imame us-
pau.icroeo aeuayoapa e 2007 e., eeci+a eepomuo, oi.o oepui+ pearmo-
po+, o romopo+ Cupu oosaua oi.a saeumi aeeumcmey (pasoe. II).
MAIATJ cooouu.o oo u+emuuxc yoeoume.iuix oorasame.icmeax moeo,
:mo Hpau e npou.o+ ocyuecme.. oeme.iuocmi, cesauuym c oepui+
opy+ue+, u :mo ueromopie ee euoi ou, eos+o+uo, npooo.+aem oo cux nop
(pasoe. III). Tpyouocmu, c romopi+u cmo.ruy.uci uucnermopi aeeumcmea e
yrasauuix cmpauax, noc.y+u.u noeooo+ o. eosoouoe.euu npusieoe pacuu-
pumi sa npeoe.i, ycmauoe.euuie e coomeemcmeuu c Tunoei+ oono.uume.i-
ui+ npomoro.o+, mpuou:ecrue no.uo+o:u MAIATJ no pacc.eooeauum
npeono.aeae+ix uapyueuu npeonucauuix HBO coe.aueuu o eapaumux
co cmopoui eocyoapcme-:.euoe.
B cesu c uepaspeueuui+u npomueope:u+u eorpye oepuix npoepa++
Hpaua u Cupuu eosuur.u co+ueuu u e oqqermueuocmu +e+oyuapoouo-
npaeoeix +exauus+oe, e :acmuocmu po.u Coeema Besonacuocmu Opeauusa-
uu Ooeouueuuix Hau, e mex c.y:ax, roeoa u+emmc nooospeuu u.u
cmauoeumc useecmuo o uapyueuuu raru+-.uoo eocyoapcmeo+ eeo oosa-
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 390
me.icme e coomeemcmeuu c ea+ui+u ooeoeopa+u e oo.acmu roumpo. uao
eoopy+euu+u u.u uop+ e omo oo.acmu. B 2011 e. Hpau npooo.+u. omrpi-
mo ueuopupoeami peso.muu, npuumie Coeemo+ Besonacuocmu OOH c
2006 e., e romopix Coeem mpeooea. om ueeo nperpamumi ece paoomi no ooo-
eaueuum ypaua u opyeym :yecmeume.iuym oeme.iuocmi, cesauuym c oep-
ui+ mon.ueui+ ur.o+. Hs-sa pacro.a e ceoux poax Coeem Besonacuocmu
ue c+oe npeonpuumi uurarux oecmeu no cupucro+y oepuo+y oocie noc.e
moeo, rar Coeem ynpae.muux MAIATJ saeu., :mo oma cmpaua ue coo.m-
oaem coe.aueuue o eapaumux. Ho +ueuum poa uao.moame.e, omcymcmeue
pearuu co cmopoui Coeema e oyoyue+ +o+em eiseami cnopi omuocu-
me.iuo y+ecmuocmu ue npeoyc+ompeuuix npaeo+ +ep, e mo+ :uc.e npeeeu-
mueuoeo npu+eueuu eoopy+euuo cu.i, o. cumu ooecnoroeuuocmu e oo-
.acmu pacnpocmpaueuu.
B Bocmo:uo Asuu mar u ue yoa.oci eimu us oun.o+amu:ecroeo mynu-
ra no eonpocy o oa.iueue cyoioe ceeeporopecro oepuo npoepa++i
(pasoe. IV). Hec+omp ua eosoouoe.euue roumarmoe +e+oy ceeeporopecru-
+u u a+epuraucru+u oun.o+ama+u, npeoeapume.iuoe oocy+oeuue c e.im
eosoouoeumi npuocmauoe.euuie uecmucmopouuue nepeeoeopi no oeuyr.ea-
pusauu Ceeepuo Kopeu ue oa.o sua:ume.iuix pesy.imamoe. Tpyouocmu,
romopie npeocmae.em e uop+amueuo-npaeoeo+ n.aue o. e.ooa.iuoeo pe-
+u+a uepacnpocmpaueuu c.y:a Ceeepuo Kopeu, cma.u eue oo.ee o:eeuo-
ui e ceeme coooueuu o mo+, :mo oma cmpaua ocyuecme..a mauie nepe-
oa:u mexuo.oeu cosoauu oepuoeo opy+u u oa..ucmu:ecrux parem
mpemiu+ cmpaua+, npu:e+ e oo.ee rpynuix +acumaoax, :e+ oo omo+ nooos-
peea.u pauee.
He+a.oea+ui+ cooimue+ e pesy.imame npooo.+ume.iuix ycu.u no
ycmauoe.euum oo.ee cmpoeoeo roumpo. sa nepeoa:a+u :yecmeume.iuix
mexuo.oeu oepuoeo mon.ueuoeo ur.a co cmopoui nocmaeuura cma.o
oocmu+euue e umue 2011 e. Ipynno oepuix nocmaeuuroe (IBH) ueoouo-
sua:uoeo rouceucycuoeo coe.aueuu o eeeoeuuu oo.ee cmpoeux pyroeoouux
npuuunoe, pee.a+eumupymuux nepeoa:u ooopyooeauu u mexuo.oeu o.
oooeaueuu ypaua u nepepaoomru n.ymouu (pasoe. V).
B eumpe euu+auu no.umuroe ca+oeo eicoroeo +upoeoeo ypoeu no-
npe+ue+y ocmaea.aci yeposa oepuoeo meppopus+a u ucno.isoeauu oep-
uix +amepua.oe e uesarouuix e.x. Bi. npuum po +ep o. yrpen.euu
oecmeymue npaeoeo u peey.mopuo oasi e uumepecax noeiueuu oeso-
nacuocmu oepuix +amepua.oe u ooermoe no ece+y +upy (pasoe. VI). Tar,
uanpu+ep, Ipynna eoci+u oocmue.a coe.aueuu o npoo.euuu cpora oecmeu
ua:amo e 2002 e. uuuuamuei I.ooa.iuoe napmuepcmeo npomue pacnpo-
cmpaueuu opy+u u +amepua.oe +accoeoeo yuu:mo+euu, npuseauuo
noooep+ueami npoermi compyouu:ecmea, uanpae.euuie ua peueuue npo-
o.e+ e oo.acmu uepacnpocmpaueuu, pasopy+euu u oepuo oesonacuocmu.
Ho+u+o omoeo Coeem Besonacuocmu OOH npuu. Peso.mum 1977, npoo.e-
eamuym ua 10 .em +auoam ro+umema, cosoauuoeo e coomeemcmeuu c Peso-
.mue CB OOH 1540 o. roumpo. sa coo.moeuue+ eocyoapcmea+u ux oo-
same.icme, saqurcupoeauuix e yrasauuo peso.muu, u cooecmeu u+.
Ho cocmouum ua roue 2011 e., nepcnermuei uoeix oocmu+euu e oo-
.acmu roumpo. uao eoopy+euu+u u pasopy+euu oi.u uecui. Ocma.oci
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 391
ue+a.o uepaspeueuuix npoo.e+, e :acmuocmu, mar u ue oi.u ua:ami oaeuo
saueouue e mynur nepeeoeopi no ooeoeopy o sanpeueuuu npouseoocmea
pacuen.muuxc +amepua.oe, a noonucauui e 1996 e. oeoeop o eceooe+-
.mue+ sanpeueuuu oepuix ucnimauu mar u ue ecmynu. e cu.y. Ho+u+o
omoeo eosuur.u eonpoci omuocume.iuo c.eoymuux uaeoe e oo.acmu rou-
mpo. uao eoopy+euu+u +e+oy Poccue u CLA e nepuoo noc.e uoeoeo o-
eoeopa CHB. Ooe cmopoui npusua.u, :mo o. oa.iueuux corpaueuu ux
oepuix apceua.oe nompeoyemc pacuupumi oeycmopouumm noeecmry ou u
er.m:umi e uee marmu:ecroe oepuoe opy+ue u uepaseepuymie ooesapoi, a
mar+e npoo.e+i cmpameeu:ecro cmaou.iuocmu e oo.ee uuporo+ c+ic.e.
B :uc.e noc.eouux uauoo.ee cepiesuo e.emc npoo.e+a npomueoparemuo
ooopoui, eorpye romopo e 2011 e. paseopa.uci ece oo.ee o+ecmo:euuie cno-
pi +e+oy Poccue u CLA. Kpo+e moeo, cmopoui npusua.u, :mo o. oo.ee
e.yoorux corpaueuu ux cmpameeu:ecrux oepuix apceua.oe nompeoyemc
eoe.e:euue e npoecc +uoeocmopouueeo corpaueuu oepuix eoopy+euu opy-
eux eocyoapcme, oo.aoamuux oepui+ opy+ue+, e coomeemcmeuu c HBO.

Bennon H. KAHH
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 392

I. POCCHHCKO-AMEPHKAHCKHH KOHTPOHI
HA BOOPYEHHMH

Bennon H. KAHH

5 ]enpanx 2011 r. tna nauara nonax rnana n ene xonrponx na crpare-
rnuecxnmn xepntmn noopyxennxmn n poccncxo-amepnxancxnx ornomenn-
xx. B +ror ent mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Poccnn Cepre Hanpon n rocyap-
crnennt cexperapt CBA Xnnapn Po+m Knnnron omenxnnct parn]nxann-
onntmn rpamoramn, rem camtm nnex n cnny nonncannt n 2010 r. oronop
o mepax no antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx na-
crynarentntx noopyxenn (nont oronop CHB)
1
.
B nonom oronope npeycmorpeno nexoropoe coxpamenne uncna pasnep-
nyrtx oesapxon Poccnn n CBA no cpannennm c yponnxmn, ycranonnennt-
mn n nyx npetymnx oronopax, oronope 1991 r. o coxpamennn n orpa-
nnuennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn (CHB-1) n oronope
2002 r. o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx norennnanon (CHH,
nnn Mocxoncxn oronop)
2
. Coornercrnenno oronopom orpannunnaercx n
uncno pasnepnyrtx n nepasnepnyrtx crparernuecxnx cpecrn ocranxn xep-
noro opyxnx cropon: mexxonrnnenrantntx annncrnuecxnx paxer (MFP),
annncrnuecxnx paxer nonontx noox (FPHH) n rxxentx omapnponmn-
xon ontmo antnocrn (ran. 8.1). Taxne cpecrna ocranxn nonexar sacue-
ry no oronopy o nx nepeoopyonannx nnn nnxnnannn n coornercrnnn c
nonoxennxmn cnennantnoro nporoxona
3
.
Onnm ns ocnonntx ocrnxenn nonoro oronopa CHB crano npone-
nne ecrnnx pexnma nponepxn, ycranonnennoro n coornercrnnn c oronopom
CHB-1. Kax nouepxnynn oe crpant, +ror mar tn conepmenno neoxonm
nx coxpanennx rpancnapenrnocrn n npecxasyemocrn n ornomennn crpyxry-
pt nx crparernuecxnx xepntx cnn. Pexnm nepn]nxannn n xonrponx, npey-
cmorpennt nontm oronopom CHB, onnpaercx na omnpnym asy anntx,
n xoropo ]nxcnpymrcx uncno, rnn n mecrononoxenne orpannunnaemtx no
oronopy noopyxenn. 3ror pexnm npeycmarpnnaer omen yneomnennxmn,

1
Hanpon: oronop CHB cosaer npounym ocnony nx nsanmoecrnnx Pu n CBA. PHA
Honocrn, 5 ]enpanx 2011 r., <http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20110205/330661399.html>. Cenar CBA
ntnec cnoe saxnmuenne n an cornacne na parn]nxannm oronopa CHB 22 exapx 2010 r.
Iocyapcrnennax yma Poccncxo ueepannn n Coner ueepannn parn]nnnponann oronop
25 xnnapx 2011 r. n 26 xnnapx 2011 r. coornercrnenno. Kparxoe nsnoxenne n pyrym nn]op-
mannm o nonom oronope CHB cm. n ononnennn A. Kparxym cnpanxy o npennxx n no nonpo-
cy o parn]nxannn n Poccnn n CBA cm.: Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and non-prolifera-
tion, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, p. 370371.
2
US Department of State, Bureau of Verification, Compliance and Implementation, Com-
parison of the START Treaty, Moscow Treaty, and New START Treaty, Fact sheet, 8 Apr. 2010
<http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/139901.htm>. Kparxoe coepxanne oronopa CHB-1 n orono-
pa CHH n pyrym nn]opmannm o nnx cm. n ononnennn A.
3
O ocnonntx orpannuennxx no nonomy oronopy CHB cm.: Kile, S. N. (cnocxa 1),
p. 365368.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 393
nponeenne nncnexnn n noxason nx nornepxennx coepxamecx n ase
nn]opmannn. Hapxy c npounmn mepamn cornacno oronopy xaxax ns cro-
pon oxsana nanecrn rax nastnaemt cocrnennt onosnanarentnt snax
(yxnenno-nn]ponoe oosnauenne) na nce paxert n cnxsannte c nnmn nycxo-
nte ycranonxn n omapnponmnxn. 3ror onosnanarentnt snax yer nc-
nontsonartcx nx yneomnennx pyro cropont o nepememennn mexy saxn-
nenntmn oexramn nnn o nsmenennn craryca. Homnmo +roro cornacno nono-
my oronopy CHB Poccnx n CBA moryr n nnpet ncnontsonart nannonantnte
rexnnuecxne cpecrna xonrponx (HTCK), raxne xax cnyrnnxn n oopyonanne
ncrannnonnoro sonnponannx nx copa anntx o crparernuecxnx cnnax
pyr pyra. Kpome roro, n xauecrne mept yxpennennx rpancnapenrnocrn n
onepnx n oronope coepxarcx nonoxennx o omene renemerpnuecxo nn-
]opmanne, xacammecx ncntrarentntx nycxon paxer (ne onee nxrn nycxon
exerono).

Tannna 8.1. Hpeentnme yponnn cnn n coo1ne1c1nnn c poccnncxo-
auepnxancxnun oronopaun o coxpamennn nepnmx noopyaennn
oronop Honncan
Bc1ynnn
n cnny
Bcero sacun-
1mnaeumx no
oronopy
nepnmx
oesapnon
Bcero c1pa1e-
rnuecxnx
cpec1n oc-
1anxn nepno-
ro opyann
a

Cpox
nc1euennn
CHB-1 31 nmnx
1991 r.
5 exapx 1994 r.
b
6000 1600 5 exapx
2009 r.
CHH 24 max
2002 r.
1 nmnx 2003 r. 17002200 . .
c
. .
d

Hont
CHB
8 anpenx
2010 r.
5 ]enpanx 2011 r.
1550
800
e
5 ]enpanx
2021 r.
oronop CHB oronop o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn;
oronop CHH oronop o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx norennnanon.
a
Crparernuecxnmn cpecrnamn ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx xnnxmrcx mexxonrnnenrant-
nte annncrnuecxne paxert (MFP), annncrnuecxne paxert nonontx noox (FPHH) n
rxxente omapnponmnxn.
b
B mae 1992 r., nomnmo Poccnn (xax mpnnuecxn npnsnannoro npanonpeemnnxa Coner-
cxoro Comsa) n CBA, croponamn oronopa CHB crann Fenapyct, Kasaxcran n Yxpanna.
c
B coornercrnnn c oronopom CHH ne npeycmarpnnanoct nnxaxnx xonnuecrnenntx no-
poron nx omero uncna crparernuecxnx cpecrn ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx.
d
oronop CHH, cpox ecrnnx xoroporo onxen tn ncreut 31 exapx 2012 r., tn sa-
menen nontm oronopom CHB.
e
Paspemaercx pasneprtnanne ne onee 700 e.
Hcmo:uur: US Department of State, Bureau of Verification, Compliance and Implementation,
Comparison of the START Treaty, Moscow Treaty, and New START Treaty, Fact sheet, 8 Apr.
2010, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/139901.htm>.

Honoxennx o nncnexnnxx n xonrpone n nonom oronope CHB snaun-
rentno ynpoment c rem, urot cnnsnrt sarpart na exrentnocrt no ntnon-
nennm oronopa. B pesyntrare coxparnnoct omee uncno nncnexnn n ro,
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 394
paspemennoe no oronopy. Onaxo renept xaxax orentnax nncnexnnx yer
nocnrt onee xomnnexcnt xapaxrep n n nexoroptx cnyuaxx npenonarart
cop raxnx anntx, nx nonyuennx xoroptx no oronopy CHB-1 rpeonanoct
t necxontxo nncnexnn. B nonom oronope npeycmorpeno nnmt na rnna
nncnexnn na mecre c xoporxnm npemenem npeynpexennx nmecro enxrn,
xax n oronope CHB-1. Kaxax ns cropon moxer exerono npononrt o
10 nncnexnn nepnoro rnna n o noctmn nroporo rnna nx nornepxennx
rounocrn saxnnenntx anntx o nycxontx ycranonxax, paxerax, omapn-
ponmnxax n cnxsanntx c nnmn oexrax, na xoropte pacnpocrpanxercx e-
crnne oronopa. Hncnexnnn nepnoro rnna nponoxrcx na oexrax, re naxo-
xrcx pasnepnyrte n nepasnepnyrte crparernuecxne cncremt, a nncnexnnn
nroporo rnna na oexrax, re nmemrcx ncxnmunrentno nepasnepnyrte
crparernuecxne cncremt
4
. B xoe nncnexnn nepnoro rnna cropont moryr
nponepxrt n coornercrnne uncna oesapxon, ycranonnenntx na pasnepnyrtx
MFP n FPHH, snauennxm, yxasanntm n ase anntx. Hocnenee orpaxaer
nsmenennx n npannnax sacuera oesapxon n coornercrnnn c nontm orono-
pom CHB: renept cropont moryr nyrem npxmoro nanmennx nocunrtnart
]axrnuecxoe uncno oesapxon na pasnepnyrtx paxerax, ntpanntx n cny-
uanom nopxxe. Ho oronopy CHB-1 sa xaxo MFP n FPHH sacunrtnanoct
]nxcnponannoe uncno oesapxon, n ontmnncrne cnyuaen maxcnmantnoe
uncno oerononox, c xoroptmn paxera npoxonna ncntrannx. Hpn +rom no
nnnmanne ne npnnnmanoct, uro ]axrnuecxn na paxere morno trt ycranonne-
no mentmee uncno oerononox.


Ouen annmun, nanpannenne yneounennn n nponeenne nncnexnnn

22 mapra 2011 r. Poccnx n CBA nponenn nepnonauantnt omen an-
ntmn, xoropt onxen tn cocroxrtcx ne nosnee uem uepes 45 ne nocne
ncrynnennx n cnny nonoro oronopa CHB. Hpn +rom peut mna o raxnx an-
ntx, xax uncno, mecronaxoxenne n rexnnuecxne xapaxrepncrnxn crparern-
uecxnx noopyxenn, na xoropte pacnpocrpanxercx ecrnne oronopa. Bno-
cnecrnnn cropont onynnxonann cneennx o omem uncne xepntx oesa-
pxon na orpannunnaemtx no oronopy crparernuecxnx cpecrnax ocranxn
xepnoro opyxnx, a raxxe o cymmapntx xonnuecrnax pasnepnyrtx n nepas-
nepnyrtx cpecrn ocranxn (ran. 8.2).
B oxrxpe 2011 r. tnn onapoonant omne cneennx o cymmapntx
noxasarenxx, nonyuennte n xoe nroporo exeronoro omena anntmn. Crano
ouennno, uro CBA npoonxnnn ymepenntmn remnamn coxpamart cnon or-
pannunnaemte no nonomy oronopy CHB cnnt, n ro npemx xax Poccnx yxe
nectma nnsxa x ocrnxennm ycranonnennoro n nonom oronope nopora n
1550 pasnepnyrtx oesapxon, cpox nx ocrnxennx xoroporo nasnauen na
2018 r.
5
Hpn +rom nnuero ne coomanoct o xonxperntx nsmenennxx n crpyx-
rype poccncxnx xepntx cnn
6
.

4
Fonee nopono o nyx rnnax nncnexnn cm.: Kile, S. N. (cnocxa 1), p. 366367.
5
Px xpnrnxon nonoro oronopa CHB n CBA yrnepxamr, uro no +romy oronopy Poc-
cnx oxasanact n onee ntronom nonoxennn, uem CBA, nocxontxy ona n nmom cnyuae nna-
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 395
Tannna 8.2. Cyuuapnoe xonnuec1no c1pa1ernuecxnx nac1yna1entnmx noopy-
aennn Poccnn n CmA no nonouy oronopy CHB no coc1onnnm na 5 qenpann
2011 r. n 1 cen1npn 2011 r.
Poccnn CmA
Ka1eropnn annmx
menpant
2011 r.
Cen1npt
2011 r.

menpant
2011 r.
Cen1npt
2011 r.
Pasnepnyrte MFP, FPHH n rxxente
omapnponmnxn
521 516 882 822
Foesapxt na pasnepnyrtx MFP n
FPHH n oesapxt, sacunrtnaemte sa
rxxentmn omapnponmnxamn
a

1537 1566 1800 1790
Pasnepnyrte n nepasnepnyrte
nycxonte ycranonxn MFP n FPHH n
rxxente omapnponmnxn
865 871
1124 1043
MFP mexxonrnnenrantnte annncrnuecxne paxert; FPHH annncrnuecxne paxert
nonontx noox.
a
3a xaxtm rxxentm omapnponmnxom nne sanncnmocrn or roro, npenasnauen on
nx ocranxn xptnartx paxer c xepntmn oesapxamn nnn om cnoonoro naennx,
sacunrtnaercx nnmt onn oesapx, axe ecnn camoner moxer necrn ontmee uncno ennnn
xepnoro opyxnx.
Hcmo:uur: US Department of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance,
New START Treaty aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms, Fact Sheet, 1 June 2011 and
25 Oct. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/164722.htm> n <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/176
096.htm>.

B pesyntrare nynnxannn anntx o cymmapntx noxasarenxx no oronopy
ntxnnncx nosmoxnt neocrarox nonoro oronopa CHB: pacxptnaemax n co-
ornercrnnn c nnm nn]opmannx o crparernuecxnx xepntx cnnax cropon o-
nee orpannuena no c]epe oxnara n crenenn noponocrn no cpannennm c nn-
]opmanne, nynnxonanmecx no oronopy CHB-1. Cornacno nonomy oro-
nopy CHB Poccnn n CBA paspemaercx anart noponym nn]opmannm o
nsmenennxx n crpyxrype cocrnenntx cnn, no n ornnune or npetymero o-
ronopa nn ona ns cropon ne nnpane pacxptnart es cornacnx pyro cropont
nn]opmannm o ee crparernuecxnx cnnax, xpome xparxnx cneenn o cymmap-
ntx xonnuecrnax
7
. Hocne nroporo omena nn]opmanne CBA paccexpernnn
n onynnxonann annte o xonnuecrne nmemmnxcx cpecrn ocranxn xon-
xperntx rnnon n nx mecrononoxennn. Poccnx ne yxasana, nnannpyer nn ona
onapoonart xaxne-nno ononnnrentnte cneennx nnn paspemnrt CBA
cenart +ro. Px nerocyapcrnenntx anannrnxon n tnmnx onxnocrntx nnn

nnponana coxpamart cnon crparernuecxne xepnte cnnt. Cm., nanpnmep: Payne, K. B.,
Postscript on New START, National Review, 18 Jan. 2011.
6
Fonee nopono o nsmenennxx n poccncxnx n amepnxancxnx crparernuecxnx xepntx
cnnax cm. n pasenax I n II rnant 7 nacroxmero nsannx.
7
Poccnx n CBA nmemr npano nynnxonart annte n nn]opmannm, nonyuennte n xoe
ntnonnennx oronopa nocne cornaconannx n pamxax nycroponne xoncyntrarnnno xomnc-
cnn. Hont oronop CHB (cnocxa 1), cr. VII, n. 5.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 396
Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA ntpasnnn oecnoxoennocrt n cnxsn c rem, uro
raxoe nonoxenne o orpannuennn na nynnxannm cneenn n nonom orono-
pe CHB crano orxarom n ycnnnxx no coecrnnm mexynapono rpancna-
penrnocrn n onacrn xepntx cnn n oecneuennm yponnx onepnx, neoxon-
moro nx nponnxennx nponecca mnorocroponnero coxpamennx noopyxenn
8
.
B reuenne 2011 r. cropont ntnonnxnn n pyrne rpeonannx nonoro o-
ronopa CHB, xacammnecx nncnexnn n monnropnnra, n coornercrnnn c rpa-
]nxom, ycranonnenntm n nporoxone x oronopy n npnnoxennxx x nemy. B
mapre Poccnx nnepnte npoemoncrpnponana amepnxancxnm nncnexropam
poccncxym MFP PC-24 c pasenxmmecx oerononxo n rpynronym mo-
nntnym nycxonym ycranonxy na sanoe n Borxnncxe, Ymyprnx
9
. B rom xe
mecxne CBA nponenn ananornunt ononpemennt noxas cnonx omapn-
ponmnxon B-2A n B-1B. Bce nmemmnecx y CBA omapnponmnxn B-1B
tnn nepeoopyonant nx ocranxn ncxnmunrentno otuntx noopyxenn.
Hocne nponeennx +roro noxasa, npoemoncrpnponanmero, uro yxasannte
omapnponmnxn onee ne npnront nx ntnonnennx xepntx mnccn, nx
nepecrann sacunrtnart n npeentnte yponnn, ycranonnennte n nonom oro-
nope nx cnn CBA
10
.
Ho cocroxnnm na 5 ]enpanx 2012 r. Poccnx n CBA nponenn no 18 nn-
cnexnn nepnoro n nroporo rnnon, r. e. maxcnmantnoe uncno nncnexnn, pas-
pemenntx n ro, na asax, n mecrax cxnacxoro xpanennx, nepeoopyonannx
n nnxnnannn, a raxxe na ncntrarentntx nonnronax MFP, FPHH n rxxentx
omapnponmnxon. B xoe nncnexnn nepnoro rnna nnepnte tnn ncnont-
sonant nponeypt, npeycmorpennte n nonom oronope CHB, nx nornep-
xennx ]axrnuecxoro uncna oesapxon, pasmemenntx na ntpanntx n cny-
uanom nopxxe paxerax. Homnmo +roro poccncxn n amepnxancxn nenrpt
no ymentmennm xepno onacnocrn nanpannnn pyr pyry onee 1800 yne-
omnenn, n rom uncne xacammnxcx nponsnocrna, nepeoopyonannx, nnx-
nnannn n nepencnoxannn nycxontx ycranonox n cpecrn ocranxn na ocno-
ne cocrnenntx onosnanarentntx snaxon, npncnoenntx ennnnam opyxnx, na
xoropte pacnpocrpanxercx ecrnne oronopa
11
.
C nomomtm yneomnenn tna cosnana n nepnax ceccnx nycroponne
xoncyntrarnnno xomnccnn (KK), xoropax xnnxercx ocnonntm opranom,
oecneunnammnm ntnonnenne n conmenne oronopa. KK nmeer manar,
cxoxn c manarom Conmecrno xomnccnn no conmennm n nncnexnnxm
(CKCH) n coornercrnnn c oronopom CHB-1. Ona npenasnauena nx paspe-
mennx nonpocon, cnxsanntx c conmennem oronopa, n npnnxrnx raxnx
ononnnrentntx mep, xoropte moryr trt neoxonmt nx nontmennx xns-
necnoconocrn n +]]exrnnnocrn oronopa. KK nmeer npano nnocnrt ns-

8
Kristensen, H. M., New START aggregate numbers released: first round slim picking, Fed-
eration of American Scientists (FAS), FAS Strategic Security Blog, 1 June 2011, <http://www.fas.
org/blog/ssp/2011/06/aggregatedata.php>.
9
U.S. and Russia know location of each others missile silosRSVN commander, Interfax,
16 Dec. 2011.
10
US Department of State, Bureau of Verification, Compliance and Implementation, New
START Treaty implementation update, Fact sheet, 5 Feb. 2012, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/
183335.htm>.
11
US Department of State (cnocxa 10).
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 397
menennx n nporoxon n npnnoxennx x nemy, ecnn raxne nsmenennx ne sarparn-
namr cymecrnenntx npan nnn oxsarentcrn no oronopy
12
.
28 mapra8 anpenx 2011 r. Poccnx n CBA nponenn nepnym perynxpnym,
costnaemym pas n na roa ceccnm KK
13
. Hpecrannrenn nyx crpan ntnyc-
rnnn na conmecrntx saxnnennx, xacammnecx rexnnuecxnx nponeyp npone-
ennx nncnexnn na mecre
14
. Bropax ceccnx KK n 2011 r. cocroxnact c 19
oxrxpx no 2 noxpx
15
. B uncne npouero cropont, xax coomanoct, ocyxann
ntsnanmne oecnoxoennocrt poccncxo cropont nponeypt nepeoopyo-
nannx amepnxancxnx omapnponmnxon B-1B nx necennx ncxnmunrentno
otuntx noopyxenn
16
.


Honmn oronop CHB n npo1nnopaxe1nan oopona

Btnonnenne nonoro oronopa CHB nauanoct tcrptmn remnamn, ne-
cmorpx na coxpanxmmnecx mexy Poccne n CBA pasnornacnx no nonpocy o
nnanax CBA paspaorart n pasnepnyrt nonym crpyxrypy cncremt npornno-
paxerno oopont, n pamxax xoropo n Enpone yyr pasmement paapt n
npornnopaxert. Poccnx ntpasnna osaouennocrt rem, uro n pesyntrare no-
+rannoro aanrnnnoro noxoa CBA x cosannm HPO n Enpone (HAH) pac-
mnpxrcx nosmoxnocrn cncrem npornnopaxerno oopont CBA n Oprannsa-
nnn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO), uro nocrannr no yrposy poc-
cncxn crparernuecxn norennnan xepnoro cepxnnannx
17
. B HAH npey-
cmorpeno pasneprtnanne n uertpe +rana oxono 500 npornnopaxer na onee
uem 40 xopanxx n na nyx cyxonyrntx asax na reppnropnn Enpont (no o-
no ase n Hontme n Pymtnnn), a raxxe PHC n Typnnn x nauany 2020-x ro-
on.
18
Kax yrnepxamr CBA, raxax apxnrexrypa cncremt HPO npnsnana sa-
mnrnrt cnnt CBA, nx comsnnxon n naprnepon n Enpone or yrpost npnme-

12
Hont oronop CHB (cnocxa 1), Hporoxon, rn. VI; n US Department of State, Bureau of
Verification, Compliance and Implementation, Bilateral Consultative Commission, Fact sheet,
11 Aug. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/145830.htm>.
13
Mnnncrepcrno nnocrpanntx en Poccnn. O nepno ceccnn nycroponne xoncyntra-
rnnno xomnccnn no nonomy oronopy o CHB, coomenne nx CMH, 11 anpenx 2011 r.,
<http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/newsline/25E6C74AAB980E9FC325786F0028E934>.
14
US Department of Defense (DOD), Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisi-
tion, Technology and Logistics, New START BCC joint statements, 8 Apr. 2011, <http://www.
acq.osd.mil/tc/treaties/NST/BCC_statements.htm>.
15
US Department of State, U.S.Russia Bilateral Consultative Commission on the New START
Treaty, Media note, 2 Nov. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/11/176586.htm>.
16
Miasnikov, E., Developing approaches toward resolving the issue of nonstrategic nuclear
weapons, Centre for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies, Paper prepared for the
Roundtable Improving transparency on tactical nuclear weapons: building blocks for a NATO
Russia dialogue, Berlin, 1718 Nov. 2011, <http://www.armscontrol.ru/pubs/en/em231111.html>.
17
Texnnuecxym onenxy nosecrnnx HAH na poccncxn crparernuecxn norennnan
cepxnnannx cm.: Butt, Y. and Postol, T., Upsetting the Reset: The Technical Basis of Russian
Concern over NATO Missile Defense, Federation of American Scientists (FAS) Special Report
no. 1 (FAS: Washington, DC, Sep. 2011.
18
Cm.: Arms Control Association, The phased adaptive approach at a glance, Fact sheet,
June 2011, <http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Phasedadaptiveapproach>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 398
nennx annncrnuecxnx paxer, ncxoxme c Fnnxnero Bocroxa, n uacrnocrn or
Hpana, n nnxonm opasom ne nanpannena npornn Poccnn.
B 2011 r. Poccnx n CBA (c nx comsnnxamn no HATO) ne onnnct cy-
mecrnennoro nporpecca n ocyxennn nosmoxnocre corpynnuecrna no
HPO. Ha conemannn rnan rocyapcrn n npannrentcrn crpan Conera Poccnx
HATO, cocroxnmemcx n noxpe 2010 r., cropont oronopnnnct o npoonxe-
nnn corpynnuecrna no npornnopaxerno oopone, n rom uncne o conmecrno
onenxe paxerno yrpost
19
.
Poccnx npenoxnna cosart cexropantnym HPO, n pamxax xoropo xax-
ax cropona (Poccnx n HATO) yyr necrn nonnym ornercrnennocrt sa cnom
sony n ocymecrnnxrt xonrpont sa nmtm pemennem o sanycxe npornnopa-
xer
20
. CBA xe n nx comsnnxn n HATO ntcrynnnn sa cosanne nyx nesann-
cnmtx npornnopaxerntx cncrem, xoropte nocnyxnnn t ocnono nx co-
rpynnuecrna mexy Poccne n HATO. B pamxax raxoro corpynnuecrna cro-
pont mornn t ocymecrnnxrt omen nn]opmanne cncrem pannero npey-
npexennx o paxernom nanaennn n cncrem cnexennx sa paxeramn n cosart
conmecrnt nenrp cnnresnponanno opaorxn anntx. Fnaroapx +romy
nonomy oprany o]nnept Poccnn n HATO mornn t ononpemenno nonyuart
ocryn x nn]opmannn o paxerntx nycxax, nocrynamme c annaparypt na-
nmennx n crpanax HATO n Poccnn
21
.
Hocne roro xax HATO orneprna npenoxenne Poccnn, nocnenxx crana
onee axrnnno rpeonart or CBA mpnnuecxn oxsarentntx rapanrn roro,
uro cosanaemax n coornercrnnn c HAH cncrema ne nanpannena npornn poc-
cncxnx crparernuecxnx xepntx cnn. Homnmo +roro, xax coomanoct, Poc-
cnx xorena onrtcx cornamennx o orpannuennn omero uncna nontx npo-
rnnopaxer, a raxxe o orpannuennn nx cxopocrn n mecr asnponannx. Poccn-
cxne onxnocrnte nnna npeynpexann, uro neorpannuennoe xauecrnennoe
n xonnuecrnennoe napamnnanne sanano HPO moxer trt pacneneno Poc-
cne xax ncxnmunrentnte ocroxrentcrna, ynomxnyrte n cr. 14 nonoro oro-
nopa CHB, n cnxsn c xoroptmn Poccnx yer nmert npano ntrn ns oronopa
22
.
B 2011 r. croponam ne yanoct npnrn x xomnpomnccno ]opmyne, xoro-
pax nosnonnna t nm yperynnponart pasnornacnx no HPO. B 3axnnennn or
23 noxpx poccncxn npesnenr mnrpn Meneen npeynpenn, uro Poc-
cnx repxer repnenne n cnxsn c rynnxono cnryanne n nycroponnnx n
mnorocroponnnx neperonopax no HPO n ocrannxer sa coo npano orxasart-
cx or antnemnx maron n onacrn pasopyxennx n coornercrnenno xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn
23
. Homnmo +roro on nepeuncnnn px ornerntx mep noen-

19
Conmecrnoe saxnnenne Conera PoccnxHATO, Hnccaon, 20 noxpx 2010 r.,
<http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-681770E5-FD9252C7/natolive/news_68871.htm? blnSublan-
guage=true&selectedLocale=ru&submit.x=7&submit.y=8>.
20
Foranon K. Enponecxax HPO n nocnenee poccncxoe npeynpexenne. PHA Hono-
crn, 7 oxrxpx 2011 r., <http://ria.ru/analytics/20111006/451079295.html>.
21
Collina, T. Z., Missile defense cooperation stalls, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 5
(July/Aug. 2011).
22
Pu pasouaponana orxasom CBA art rapanrnn no HPO n Enpone. PHA Honocrn, 16 max
2011 r., <http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20110516/375332923.html>.
23
Hpesnenr Poccnn. 3axnnenne Hpesnenra n cnxsn c cnryanne, xoropax cnoxnnact no-
xpyr cncremt HPO crpan HATO n Enpone. 23 noxpx 2011 r., <http://kremlin.ru/news/13637>.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 399
noro n nnnomarnuecxoro xapaxrepa, na xoropte moxer norn Poccnx n cny-
uae, ecnn CBA n HATO yyr npoonxart peannsannm nnanon no cosannm
cncremt HPO es onxnoro yuera poccncxnx osaouennocre. Yuacrnnxn
conemannx Conera PoccnxHATO, cocroxnmerocx 8 exapx 2011 r., re npn-
cyrcrnonann mnnncrpt nnocrpanntx en crpan HATO n Poccnn, ne npoxnnnn
roronnocrn orxonrt or cnonx nosnnn no HPO nx ntxoa ns nnnomarnue-
cxoro rynnxa
24
.


Hocne nonoro oronopa CHB: nonme marn

Homnmo annero cnopa ornocnrentno HPO mexy Poccne n CBA nos-
nnxnn pasnornacnx no nonoy npemera n cpoxon cneymmnx maron n onac-
rn nycroponnero xonrponx na noopyxennxmn. 3rn pasnornacnx xacamrcx, n
nepnym ouepet, nyx xareropn xepnoro opyxnx, na xoropte ne pacnpo-
crpanxmrcx orpannuennx nn n coornercrnnn c nontm oronopom CHB, nn c
xaxnm-nno pyrnm mpnnuecxn oxsarentntm oxymenrom, necrparernue-
cxoro (nnn raxrnuecxoro) xepnoro opyxnx n oesapxon, naxoxmnxcx n mec-
rax cxnacxoro xpanennx, n nntx nnon nepasnepnyrtx xepntx oesapxon.
B 2011 r. CBA nnont npnsnann x nauany nontx neperonopon n nenxx or-
pannuennx sanacon necrparernuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx. Kax nonaramr, Poc-
cnx no-npexnemy onaaer cymecrnenno ontmnm sanacom raxoro opyxnx,
nexenn CBA. 3 ]enpanx 2011 r. npesnenr Oama nponn]opmnponan Cenar
CBA n coornercrnnn c nonoxennem, oannenntm n pesonmnnm o parn]n-
xannn oronopa cenaropamn-pecnynnxannamn, uro cneymmax nent ero a-
mnnncrpannn n onacrn xonrponx na noopyxennxmn nauart n reuenne roa
neperonopt c Poccne o orpannuennn sanacon necrparernuecxoro xepnoro
opyxnx
25
. Amepnxancxne onxnocrnte nnna nouepxnnann, uro nx pemennx
nponemt raxrnuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx norpeyercx rmarentnax xoopn-
nannx ycnnn c comsnnxamn no HATO, a raxxe onee recnoe nsanmoecrnne
c Poccne no nenomy pxy nponem n c]epe esonacnocrn
26
.
Poccnx ne npoxnnna ceptesno sannrepeconannocrn, no xpane mepe n
xparxocpouno nepcnexrnne, n npenoxennxx CBA nauart neperonopt o co-
xpamennn nnn pernamenrannn necrparernuecxnx xepntx noopyxenn
27
.

24
Presto, S., NATO, Russia remain at odds over missile shield, Voice of America, 8 Dec.
2011, <http://www.voanews.com/english/news/europe/NATO-Russia-Still-at-Odds-Over-Missile-
Shield-135258238.html>.
25
US Senate, Resolution of advice and consent to ratification, Senate Treaty Document 111
5, 22 Dec. 2010, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/153910.htm>.
26
Benitez, J., US consults with NATO allies on reducing tactical nuclear weapons, NATO
Source, Atlantic Council, 17 Feb. 2011, <http://www.acus.org/natosource/us-consults-nato-allies-
reducing-tactical-nuclear-weapons>. B crparernuecxo xonnennnn, npnnxro 1920 noxpx
2010 r., rocyapcrna unent HATO oronopnnnct npoonxnrt paccmorpenne ponn cepxn-
nannx n oopont n crparernn HATO, n rom uncne n xon]nrypannn xepntx cnn antxnca.
NATO, Active Engagement, Modern Defence: Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of
the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO: Brussels, Nov. 2010).
27
O poccncxom nsrnxe na nponemy coxpamennx raxrnuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx cm.:
Miasnikov (cnocxa 16).
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 400
Mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Poccnn Cepre Hanpon nouepxnyn, uro Poccnx
ne npnmer yuacrnx nn n xaxnx neperonopax no anno nponeme o rex nop,
noxa CBA ne ntneyr cnoe necrparernuecxoe opyxne c reppnropnn Enpont
n ne nponsneyr neoparnmoro emonraxa nn]pacrpyxrypt nx ero pasnep-
rtnannx
28
. Kpome roro, poccncxne onxnocrnte nnna no-npexnemy ynxst-
nann nauano neperonopon o coxpamennn raxrnuecxnx xepntx noopyxenn c
nporpeccom no pyrnm nponemam, nerarnnno nnnxmmnm na crparernuecxym
cranntnocrt, n rom uncne c orpannuennem amepnxancxnx cncrem HPO, otu-
ntx yapntx noopyxenn ontmo antnocrn n xocmnuecxnx noopyxenn
29
.
K xonny roa ntcmne onxnocrnte nnna CBA npnsnann, uro nonte
neperonopt no necrparernuecxnm xepntm noopyxennxm n nnxamem y-
ymem manonepoxrnt. Homomnnx rocyapcrnennoro cexperapx Coennenntx
Braron no nonpocam xonrponx, conmennx n ocymecrnnennx Poys Iorre-
mmnnep noxcnnna, uro CBA n nacroxmee npemx roronxrcx x antnemnm
ecrnnxm n cnxsn c nontmn neperonopamn no coxpamennm necrparernue-
cxnx noopyxenn n oesapxon, naxoxmnxcx na cxnacxom xpanennn
30
. Ho
ee cnonam, cropont yxe moryr nauart ocyxenne rexnnuecxnx n nntx ac-
nexron, cnxsanntx c necrparernuecxnmn noopyxennxmn, n xauecrne npena-
pnrentnoro mara na nyrn x ]axrnuecxomy nauany neperonopon
31
.

28
Hocroxnnoe npecrannrentcrno Poccncxo ueepannn npn Orenennn OOH n ene-
ne. Btcrynnenne Mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Poccnn C. B. Hanpona na nnenapnom saceannn
Kon]epennnn no pasopyxennm, enena, 1 mapra 2011 r., <http://www.geneva.mid.ru/rus/sq/
dis1_04.html>.
29
Miasnikov (cnocxa 16); n Sokov, N., Medvedevs statement on missile defense might
mean Russia postpones further dialogue until 2013, James Martin Center for Non-Proliferation
Studies (CNS), 2 Dec. 2011, <http://cns.miis.edu/stories/111202_medvedev_statement.htm>.
30
Rose Gottemoeller: getting to yes, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 67, no. 6 (Nov./
Dec. 2011), p. 5.
31
U.S. preparing for tactical nuclear cuts in future arms deal with Russia, RIA Novosti, 27
Dec. 2011, <http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111227/170513651.html>.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 401
II. CHPH H O3AFOuEHHOCTH B OFHACTH EPHOIO
PACHPOCTPAHEHH

Bennon H. KAHH

B 2011 r. no npncrantntm nnnmannem mexynaponoro coomecrna
nnont oxasanact Cnpnx, orxasanmaxcx paccexrt noospennx n rom, uro ona
nena paort na nesaxnnennom xepnom oexre. Ynomxnyrte noospennx xa-
cannct oexra, pacnonoxennoro nns Ant-Knapa, n oranenno myxa]ase
ap-+s-3ayp na nocroxe crpant. 3ror oexr tn paspymen n pesyntrare ns-
panntcxoro annayapa n cenrxpe 2007 r. Hpannrentcrna Hspannx n CBA sax-
nnnn, uro Cnpnx npn rexnnuecxo noepxxe Cenepno Kopen rano nena
crponrentcrno xepnoro peaxropa, ananornunoro cenepoxopecxomy, c nomo-
mtm xoroporo napaartnancx nnyronn nx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn.
Cnpncxoe npannrentcrno saxnnno, uro nocrpoxn npecrannxnn coo nt-
neennt ns +xcnnyarannn noennt oexr, nnxonm opasom ne cnxsannt c
xepno exrentnocrtm, a raxxe onponeprno xaxoe t ro nn tno corpynn-
uecrno c Cenepno Kopee n xepno c]epe
1
.
25 ]enpanx 2011 r. renepantnt npexrop Mexynaponoro arenrcrna
no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) Rxnx Amano coomnn n oxnae Conery
ynpannxmmnx MAIAT3, uro orxas Cnpnn corpynnuart c arenrcrnom c nmnx
2008 r. n npeocrannennn ocryna na oexrt, a raxxe sanpamnnaemo nn-
]opmannn osnauaer, uro arenrcrno ne cmoxer nornepnrt saxnnennx Cnpnn
o nexepnom xapaxrepe oexra n ap-+s-3aype
2
. B uncne npouero Cnpnx or-
xasanact nn]opmnponart arenrcrno o saxynxax marepnanon n oopyonannx,
xoropte, no mnennm MATAT3, mornn ncnontsonartcx nx crponrentcrna pe-
axropa. Homnmo +roro Cnpnx npoonxnna orxastnart n ocryne nncnexropon
na pyrne rpn oexra nnyrpn crpant, n ornomennn xoroptx nmennct noos-
pennx, uro onn ]ynxnnonantno cnxsant c exrentnocrtm n ap-+s-3aype
3
.
B onom ns cneymmnx oxnaon Conery, ntnymennom 24 max 2011 r.,
Amano saxnnn, uro, no onenxe MAIAT3, paspymennoe sanne na nnomaxe n
ap-+s-3aype nectma nepoxrno, tno xepntm peaxropom n onxno tno
trt saxnneno Cnpne n coornercrnnn c ee nceoemnmmem cornamennem o
rapanrnxx c arenrcrnom
4
. B oxnae tnn xparxo npnneent oxasarentcrna,

1
Fonee nopono o noospennxx ornocnrentno nannunx nesaxnnennoro xepnoro peaxropa n
Cnpnn cm.: Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and non-proliferation, SIPRI Yearbook 2009, p. 402405.
2
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx. Ocymecrnnenne Cornamennx o rapanrnxx n cnxsn c
HO n Cnpncxo Apacxo Pecnynnxe. oxna Ienepantnoro npexropa, GOV/2011/8,
25 ]enpanx 2011 r., c. 3.
3
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/8 (cnocxa 2), c. 2.
4
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx. Ocymecrnnenne Cornamennx o rapanrnxx n cnxsn c
HO n Cnpncxo Apacxo Pecnynnxe. oxna Ienepantnoro npexropa, GOV/2011/30, 24
max 2011 r., c. 8. Cornamenne o nceoemnmmnx rapanrnxx mexy rocyapcrnom, ne onaam-
mnm xepntm opyxnem, n MAIAT3 npeycmarpnnaer npnmenenne rapanrn xo ncem rpax-
ancxnm xepntm oexram na reppnropnn rocyapcrna nx oecneuennx roro, urot +rn o-
exrt ne ncnontsonannct n noenntx nenxx. Taxne cornamennx cnyxar npanono ocnono nx
cncremt yuera xepnoro marepnana MAIAT3, npnsnanno nornepnrt saxnnxemym crpano
nn]opmannm o xepnom marepnane, nomemennom no rapanrnn. B coornercrnnn c oronopom
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 402
na ocnone xoroptx nncnexropt npnmnn x ntnoy, uro Cnpnx rano nena
crponrentcrno xepnoro peaxropa. B nem ormeuanoct, uro sanne nmeno pas-
mept, ananornunte pasmepam nnyronnenoro peaxropa n Honene, Cenepnax
Kopex. Kpome roro, na nsopaxennxx sannx nocne omapnponxn tnn
nnnt nexoropte ocoennocrn, coornercrnymmne n uncne npouero samnr-
no oonouxe, rennoomennnxy n acceny nx orpaorannoro ronnnna; nce
+rn +nemenrt rpeymrcx nx peaxropa yxasannoro rnna. Taxxe y arenrcrna
nosnnxnn noospennx, uro nocne omapnponxn Cnpnx npnnxna px mep c
rem, urot cxptrt ocoennocrn xoncrpyxnnn sannx, n rom uncne nponena
paort no nsnneuennm oopyonannx n marepnana ns paspymennoro sannx
nepe ero nonntm paspymennem n saxoponennem
5
.
9 nmnx 2011 r. Coner ynpannxmmnx MAIAT3 npnnxn pesonmnnm, n xo-
ropo saxnnn, uro orxas Cnpnn orxptro npnsnart crponrentcrno xepnoro
peaxropa n ap-+s-3aype xnnxercx napymennem ee oxsarentcrn no Corna-
mennm o rapanrnxx c arenrcrnom
6
. On npnsnan Cnpnm npeocrannrt
MAIAT3 ocryn xo ncem neoxonmtm ncrounnxam nn]opmannn, oexram,
marepnanam n nnnam c rem, urot arenrcrno morno npoxcnnrt nce nonpoct,
xacammnecx conmennx oxsarentcrn no rapanrnxm, n npnsnan Cnpnm nne-
crn n ecrnne n ntnonnnrt ononnnrentnt nporoxon x ee cornamennm o
nceoemnmmnx rapanrnxx
7
. B coornercrnnn c +ro pesonmnne renepantno-
my npexropy tno nopyueno, onnpaxct na Ycran MAIAT3, nepeart nonpoc
o nentnonnennn Cnpne cnonx oxsarentcrn Conery Fesonacnocrn OOH nx
paccmorpennx n nosmoxnoro npnnxrnx mep
8
.
Yxasannax pesonmnnx ntsnana rnyoxn pacxon n Conere ynpannxmmnx,
no tna npnnxra: sa nee nporonoconano uyrt mentme nononnnt 35 unenon co-
nera, npornn nporonoconano 6 unenon conera, n rom uncne Knra n Poccnx, n
eme 11 unenon nosepxannct
9
. Kax npenonoxnn onn anropnrernt nanma-
rent, px rocyapcrn unenon Conera ynpannxmmnx ntcrynnnn npornn nxnm-
uennx n npeamyny pesonmnnn ]opmynnponxn noepxanne mexynaponoro
mnpa n esonacnocrn, cnyxame orctnxo x rn. VII Ycrana OOH, n coorner-
crnnn c xoropo Coner Fesonacnocrn nnpane npnmenxrt xax nenoennte, rax n
noennte cpecrna nx noepxannx nnn noccranonnennx mexynaponoro

1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx saxnmuart cornamennx o nceoemnmmnx ra-
panrnxx c MAIAT3 oxsant nce rocyapcrna, ne nmemmne xepnoro opyxnx. Hepeuent rocy-
apcrn, saxnmunnmnx cornamennx o rapanrnxx c MAIAT3, cm. n ononnennn A.
5
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/30 (cnocxa 4), c. 4. Ho pyromy nonpocy o conmennn oxsa-
rentcrn, cnxsannom c onapyxennem anrponorenntx uacrnn ypana na manoraapnrnom peax-
rope ncrounnxe nerponon (MPHH) nns amacxa, n oxnae tno ormeueno, uro on yer
pemartcx n nopxxe otunoro ocymecrnnennx rapanrn.
6
IAEA, Board of Governors, Implementation of the NPT safeguards in the Syrian Arab Re-
public, Resolution, GOV/2011/41, 9 June 2011, p. 2.
7
ononnnrentnt nporoxon x cornamennm o rapanrnxx (cnocxa 4) npnsnan pacmnpnrt
nosmoxnocrn MAIAT3 no ntxnnennm nesaxnnennoro xepnoro marepnana nnn exrentnocrn.
Iocyapcrno yuacrnnx nporoxona oxsano npeocrannxrt MAIAT3 nn]opmannm oo ncex
acnexrax cnoe exrentnocrn, cnxsanno c xepntm ronnnnntm nnxnom, a MAIAT3 nonyua-
er nonte nnn pacmnpennte nonnomounx no paccneonannm raxo exrentnocrn.
8
IAEA, GOV/2011/41 (cnocxa 6), p. 2.
9
Crail, P., IAEA sends Syria case to UN, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 5 (July/Aug.
2011). Hpecrannrent ono crpant ne npncyrcrnonan npn ronoconannn.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 403
mnpa n esonacnocrn
10
. Homnmo +roro onxnocrnte nnna pxa nosepxan-
mnxcx crpan yxasann, uro counn saxnmuenne MAIAT3 o rom, uro oexr n
ap-+s-3aype, nectma nepoxrno, tn xepntm peaxropom, neocrarouno
yenrentntm nx nepeaun nonpoca na paccmorpenne n Coner Fesonacnocrn
11
.
Hocne ronoconannx no anno pesonmnnn sanante nnnomart ntcxa-
stnann comnennx, uro Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ntcrynnr c ocyxennem ne-
conmennx Cnpne ee oxsarentcrn nnn nneer n ee ornomennn canxnnn,
nocxontxy npornn +roro yyr nospaxart Knra, Poccnx n px rocyapcrn
nnxennx nenpncoennennx (H). Poccncxne onxnocrnte nnna saxnnnn,
uro Poccnx ntcrynnna npornn nepeaun cnpncxoro nonpoca nx paccmorpe-
nnx Conerom Fesonacnocrn, nocxontxy xepnte oexrt paspyment n onee
ne xnnxmrcx yrposo nx mexynaponoro mnpa n esonacnocrn
12
. Kpome ro-
ro, npecrannxnoct manonepoxrntm, uro renepantnt npexrop Amano npn-
soner arenrcrno nponecrn n Cnpnn cnennantnym nncnexnnm, na uem panee
nacrannan px nenpannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron, nocxontxy raxax mepa npx
nn nonyunr cnntnym nonnrnuecxym noepxxy n Conere ynpannxmmnx
13
.
Pesonmnnx Conera ynpannxmmnx ne cnnnyna c meprno rouxn neperonopt
mexy MAIAT3 n Cnpne no nepaspemenntm nonpocam, xacammnmcx ntnon-
nennx ee oxsarentcrn no rapanrnxm. 17 noxpx 2011 r. Amano coomnn, uro
arenrcrny ne yanoct onrtcx nporpecca n nonyuennn or Cnpnn neoxonmo
nn]opmannn
14
. Hocne +roro Coner npnnxn pemenne ornoxnrt paccmorpenne
annoro nonpoca n cnxsn c napacrannem rpaxancxnx nonnenn nnyrpn Cnpnn
15
.
Kax noxasan +ror cnyua, n nocnenne ecxrt ner unenam Conera ynpan-
nxmmnx MAIAT3 nce rpynee n rpynee npnxonrt x xoncencycy. B nponec-
ce npnnxrnx pemenn rocyapcrna H nce uame oxastnamrcx n onnosnnnn x
npomtmnenno pasnnrtm crpanam 3anaa, npn +rom nepnte sannmamr nce o-
nee axrnnnym nosnnnm, orcrannax npano rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon oronopa
1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx, ne onaammnx xepntm
opyxnem, peannsontnart mnpnte xepnte nporpammt
16
. B ro xe npemx px
nanmarene npnnercrnonann nepeauy cnpncxoro cnyuax na paccmorpenne
n Coner Fesonacnocrn, nocxontxy rem camtm tn cosan naxnt npeneenr.
Coner noxasan, uro pemenne crpant ne corpynnuart c MAIAT3 ne nomema-
er emy ntnecrn onenxy ee xepno nporpammt. 3ro n cnom ouepet nmeno
nocnecrnnx nx ecrnn arenrcrna n ornomennn Hpana (pasen III)
17
.

10
Hibbs, M., A bridge too far? Syria & GOV/40, Arms Control Wonk, 11 June 2011,
<http://hibbs.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/192/>.
11
Crail (cnocxa 9).
12
Charbonneau, L., Q & A: what will U. N. council do on Syrias nuclear program?,
Reuters, 9 June 2011, <http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/06/09/uk-syria-nuclear-un-idUKTRE758
63820110609>.
13
Cm. Acton, J. M., Fitzpatrick, M., and Goldschmidt, P., The IAEA should call for a special
inspection in Syria, Proliferation Analysis, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 26 Feb.
2009, <http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/02/26/iaea-should-call-for-special-inspection-in-syria/4x2>.
14
IAEA, Board of Governors, Introductory Statement to the Board of Governors by IAEA
Director General Yukiya Amano, 17 Nov. 2011, <http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/2011/
amsp2011n030.html>.
15
O xon]nnxre 2011 r. n Cnpnn cm. pas. I rn. 2 n pas. II rn. 3 nacroxmero nsannx.
16
Hibbs, M., Reaching consensus at the IAEA, Q&A, Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, 13 Sep. 2010, <http://carnegieendowment.org/2010/09/13/reaching-consensus-at-iaea/58p>.
17
Mark Fitzpatrick, former US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Non-Proliferation, in Borger,
J., Syria referred to UN security council over suspected nuclear programme, The Guardian, 9 June 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 404
III. HPAH H O3AFOuEHHOCTH B OFHACTH EPHOIO
PACHPOCTPAHEHH

Bennon H. KAHH

B noxpe 2011 r., nocne onynnxonannx Mexynapontm arenrcrnom no
aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) nanonee nceoemnmmero na ror momenr oso-
pa n onenxn nn]opmannn o npancxnx nayuntx nccneonannxx n paspaorxax
n aromno c]epe, nmemmnx nosmoxnoe noennoe nsmepenne, mexynapo-
nte ncxyccnn ornocnrentno c]ept oxnara n xapaxrepa npancxo xepno
nporpammt pasropennct nnont. Homnmo +roro oocrpnnoct ecnoxocrno
mexynaponoro coomecrna n cnxsn c pacmnpennem npancxoro norennnana
no ooramennm ypana nonpexn rpeonannxm Conera Fesonacnocrn Oprann-
sannn Oennenntx Hann, nsnoxenntm n nxrn pesonmnnxx, n coornercr-
nnn c xoroptmn Hpan onxen npnocranonnrt ncm exrentnocrt, cnxsannym c
ooramennem, n pyrym uyncrnnrentnym exrentnocrt n xepno c]epe
1
.


Onenxa MAIAT3 npenonaraeuon noennon nepnon
en1entnoc1n Hpana

8 noxpx 2011 r. renepantnt npexrop MAIAT3 Rxnx Amano npecra-
nnn Conery ynpannxmmnx ouepeno oxna no nonpocy o npnmenennn ra-
panrn n Hpane
2
. B nxrnanarncrpannunom npnnoxennn x oxnay tnn
onncant pesyntrart nponeennoro arenrcrnom anannsa nmemmecx y nero
nn]opmannn, cnnerentcrnymme o ocymecrnnennn Hpanom rano xep-
no exrentnocrn, n rom uncne o paore na cosannem xepnoro opyxnx.
oxna npnnnex x cee nemanoe nnnmanne, nocxontxy n nem renepantnt n-
pexrop MAIAT3 nnepnte saxnnn, uro, no onenxam arenrcrna, Hpan ocymecr-
nnxn exrentnocrt, nmemmym nenocpecrnennoe ornomenne x cosannm
xepnoro nsptnnoro ycrpocrna, n, nosmoxno, no-npexnemy ocymecrnnxer
nexoropte nnt raxo exrentnocrn
3
. Bonpoc o rom, npnnxn nn Hpan peme-
nne o cosannn xepnoro opyxnx, n oxnae ne sarparnnancx.
Ormeuanoct, uro npenonaraemte paort Hpana no cosannm opyxnx
ocymecrnnxnnct npenmymecrnenno n nepno o 2003 r. Ho nn]opmannn, npe-
ocrannenno MAIAT3 rocyapcrnamn-unenamn, HHOKP n xepno onacrn
nennct necxontxnmn noenntmn n nayuntmn yupexennxmn npn coecrnnn

1
Pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH: 1737 or 23 exapx 2006 r.;
1747 or 24 mapra 2007 r.; 1803 or 3 mapra 2008 r.; 1835 or 27 cenrxpx 2008 r.;
1935 or 9 nmnx 2010 r.
2
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx. Ocymecrnnenne Cornamennx o rapan-
rnxx n cnxsn c HO n coornercrnymmnx nonoxenn pesonmnn Conera
Fesonacnocrn n Hcnamcxo Pecnynnxe Hpan. oxna Ienepantnoro npex-
ropa, GOV/2011/65, 8 noxpx 2011 r.
3
UN nuclear agency IAEA: Iran studying nuclear weapons, BBC News,
9 Nov. 2011, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15643460>.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 405
xoncyntrarnnntx opranon, xoropte n xonne 1990-x roon tnn oennent n
omym amnnncrparnnnym crpyxrypy no nasnannem Hnan AMA. ex-
rentnocrtm n pamxax +ro oennenno nporpammt pyxononn yuent-
]nsnx Moxcen uaxpnsae, a pyrne ntcoxonocrannennte npancxne exre-
nn sannmann re nnn nnte nosnnnn n anno crpyxrype pyxonocrna no
xpane mepe n reuenne nexoroporo snaunrentnoro nepnoa npemenn
4
.


Hpeono.aeae+a oeme.iuocmi no cosoauum oepuoeo opy+u

Cornacno nsnoxenntm n oxnae ntnoam cnxsannax c xepntm opyxn-
em exrentnocrt, xoropax ocymecrnnxnact Hpanom n pamxax Hnana AMA,
nxnmuana paort no ncem xnmuentm rexnonornxm, neoxonmtm nx cosa-
nnx xepnoro nsptnnoro ycrpocrna nmnnosnnnoro rnna ns ntcoxooora-
mennoro ypana (BOY). Hpan ocymecrnnxn cneymmne ocnonnte nnt ex-
rentnocrn.
1. Jrcnepu+eumi no npeoopasoeauum ypaua. Hpan npononn +xcnepn-
menrt no npeopasonannm noxcna ypana n rerpa]ropn ypana (senenax
cont) n pamxax onee xpynnoro npoexra no oecneuennm ncrounnxa ypana,
npnronoro nx ncnontsonannx n pamxax cexperno nporpammt ooramennx
5
.
2. Jrcnepu+eumi c opusaumui+u espie:ami+u eeuecmea+u. Hpan
paspaartnan roxonte +nexrpoeronaropt n npononn +xcnepnmenrt c cnc-
remamn xonrponx mnoxecrnenntx eronaropon nx ocrnxennx cnmmerpnu-
no eronannn sapxa pnsanrnoro nsptnuaroro nemecrna n nne nonyc]ept.
Hpn ocymecrnnennn +rnx paor, pesyntrart xoroptx nenocpecrnenno npn-
menxmrcx npn cosannn xepnoro oenpnnaca nmnnosnnnoro rnna, Hpany,
npenonoxnrentno, oxastnan nomomt tnmn conercxn yuent
6
.
3. Iuopoouua+u:ecrue orcnepu+eumi. Hpn nororonxe x +xcnepnmenram
c pnsanrntmn nsptnuartmn nemecrnamn Hpan ncnontsonan nmecro xepno-
ro marepnana cypporarnt marepnan, npenasnauennt nx cnmynxnnn na-
uantntx cran xepnoro nsptna. Homnmo +roro on nocrponn samnrnym xa-
mepy nx nponeennx ncntrann c pnsanrntmn nsptnuartmn nemecrnamn
na nnomaxe noennoro xomnnexca n Hapunne, npenasnauennym nx rnpo-
nnamnuecxnx +xcnepnmenron n xoe ncntrannx opasnon oesapxon
7
.
4. Hpoermupoeauue ooesapooe u ux uumeepupoeauue e paremuie cpeo-
cmea oocmaeru. B pamxax rax nastnaemoro Hpoexra 111 Hpan cosanan xom-
ntmrepnte moenn n npononn nnxenepnte nccneonannx, c rem urot na-
rn cnoco nnrerpnponart nonym c]epnuecxym oenym uacrt, nmemmym ra-
apnrt n ]opmy xepnoro oesapxa, n rononnym uacrt annncrnuecxo
paxert Baxa-3. Homnmo +roro n pamxax Hpoexra 111 Hpan paspaartnan
cncremy npeoxpanennx, nsneennx n noptna nx paxernoro oesapxa
8
.

4
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 18.
5
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 2122.
6
Warrick, J., Russian scientist Vyacheslav Danilenkos aid to Iran offers
peek at nuclear program, Washington Post, 12 Nov. 2011.
7
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 4751.
8
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 5963.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 406
B oxnae ormeuanoct, uro ontmax uacrt npenonaraemtx paor no
cosannm xepnoro opyxnx tna onontno nnesanno npexpamena no coor-
nercrnymmemy yxasannm ntcoxonocrannenntx onxnocrntx nnn Hpana n
xonne 2003 r. 3ro pemenne morno oxcnxrtcx pacryme osaouennocrtm n
ror nepno no nonoy cnryannn n onacrn mexynapono esonacnocrn n
Hpaxe n cocennx crpanax
9
.
Bosmoxno Hpan nosononnn uacrt paor n pamxax Hnana AMA nocne
2003 r., xorx n ne na cront ntcoxom oprannsannonnom yponne, n ocymecrnnx-
nnct onn no nnnnn pasntx noenntx n nayuntx yupexenn
10
. Cyx no nexo-
roptm npnsnaxam, c 2006 r. Hpan nen paort no nannannn xoncrpyxnnn ycr-
pocrna, cnyxamero ncrounnxom nerponon n cnoconoro nnnnnnponart
nennym peaxnnm enennx
11
. Kpome roro, no nexoroptm npnsnaxam, n 2008 n
2009 rr. Hpan ocymecrnnxn nccneonannx n onacrn moennponannx xoncr-
pyxnnn xepnoro oesapxa, a raxxe npononn +xcnepnmenrantnte nccneo-
nannx no ymentmennm n pasmepax n onrnmnsannn sapxa pnsanrnoro nsptn-
uaroro nemecrna, pesyntrart xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant nx cosannx
xepnoro nsptnnoro ycrpocrna
12
. Onaxo n oxnae tno npnsnano, uro
arenrcrny cnoxnee cocrannrt cront xe uerxoe npecrannenne o exrent-
nocrn n Hpane nocne xonna 2003 roa nnny orpannuennocrn coornercr-
nymme nn]opmannn, npeocrannenno emy rocyapcrnamn-unenamn
13
.


Oeura oor.aoa MAIATJ

Onn ns pasenon npnnoxennx x yxasannomy oxnay tn nocnxmen
onncannm n omnx ueprax ncrounnxon, na xoropte onnpanoct MAIAT3 n
cnonx anannrnuecxnx ntxnaxax n ntnoax. B nem nouepxnnanoct, uro
arenrcrno nontsonanoct nn]opmanne, xoropax nocrynnna ns camtx pas-
nnuntx nesanncnmtx ncrounnxon, n rom uncne onee uem or
10 rocyapcrn-unenon
14
. Homnmo +roro n cnoe onenxe arenrcrno onnpanoct
na pesyntrart cocrnennoro paccneonannx, nn]opmannm, npeocrannennym
Hpanom, n pesyntrart ocyxennx c unenamn cern xepntx nocranox, nos-
rnannxemo naxncrancxnm yuentm-xepmnxom Aynom Kanpom Xanom. B
nenom arenrcrno couno nn]opmannm, npnneennym n npnnoxennn x oxnay,
ocronepno n nocneonarentno n nnane rexnnuecxoro coepxannx, yuacr-
nymmnx nnn n oprannsann, a raxxe cpoxon nponeennx paor
15
.
Tem ne menee px o]nnnantntx nnn n nerocyapcrnenntx anannrnxon
yxasann na ro, uro annoe MAIAT3 onncanne npenonaraemo exrentnocrn
no cosannm xepnoro opyxnx, ocymecrnnxnmecx Hpanom o xonna 2003 r.,
tno ocnonano na yxe nsnecrntx marepnanax oxymenrax oemom onee

9
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 23.
10
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 24.
11
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 5556.
12
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 4445, 52.
13
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 18.
14
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), npnnoxenne, n. 1216.
15
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/65 (cnocxa 2), c. 8.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 407
1000 crpannn, xpannnmnxcx n noprarnnnom xomntmrepe npancxoro nepeex-
unxa. MAIAT3 nonyunno +rn oxymenrt o rax nastnaemtx npenonaraemtx
nccneonannxx or pasnecnyxt CBA, n n nx nonnnnocrn ne pas nosnnxann
comnennx
16
. Ftnmn nncnexrop MAIAT3 no xepntm rapanrnxm Poepr
Kennn nonepr yxasannt oxna xpnrnxe sa orcyrcrnne n nem nono nn]op-
mannn n ncnontsonanne oxymenron neycranonnennoro nponcxoxennx
17
.
Kpome roro, Kennn n px pyrnx +xcnepron ntcxasann comnennx n ornocn-
rentno xonxperntx yrnepxenn, coepxanmnxcx n oxnae MAIAT3
18
.
Hpan nesamennrentno onponepr cenannte n oxnae ntnot n npo-
onxnn xareropnuecxn orpnnart ror ]axr, uro on xora-nno paoran na
cosannem xepnoro opyxnx. Hpancxne onxnocrnte nnna nno orneprnn
oxymenrt, xacammnecx npenonaraemtx nccneonann, xax noentnte
nnn c]apnxonannte, nno ecnn n npnsnann, uro xaxax-ro uacrt nn]opmannn
nmeer no coo peantnte ]axrt, nacrannann na rom, uro npononmte pao-
rt ne nmenn nnxaxoro ornomennx x noenntm nporpammam
19
. Homnmo +roro
npancxne onxnocrnte nnna ntcxasann comnennx ornocnrentno mornnon,
sacrannnmnx renepantnoro npexropa nororonnrt +ro npnnoxenne x oxna-
y. Hpecrannrent Hpana npn MAIAT3 Ann Acrap Conrann nasnan raxo
mar rennpexropa neoymanntm, nenpo]eccnonantntm, nonnrnsnponan-
ntm n conepmenntm no nonnrnuecxnm annennem co cropont rnanntm o-
pasom CBA
20
.


Honan nannonantnan pasnemna1entnan onenxa CmA no Hpany

Omne ntnot n cpoxn nponeennx paor, sa]nxcnponannte n oxnae
MAIAT3, connann c o]nnnantntmn ntnoamn, coepxamnmncx n nocnene
nannonantno pasnetnarentno onenxe (HPO) xepno nporpammt Hpana,
nororonnenno pasnetnarentntmn opranamn CBA. Paora na ononnen-
no HPO tna sanepmena c ontmo saepxxo n nauane 2011 r.; n oxymen-
re namno orpaxenne xoncencycnoe nnenne 16 pasnetnarentntx neomcrn
CBA. B nem, xax coomanoct, coepxnrcx yrnepxenne, uro Hpan no-
npexnemy npenpnnnmaer marn, nanpannennte na cosanne xepnoro opy-

16
Cm., nanpnmep: Lewis, J., Is the laptop of death bogus?, Arms Control
Wonk, 23 Feb. 2007, <http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1409/is-the-laptop-
of-death-bogus>.
17
Hnrnpyercx no Hersh, S. M., Iran and the IAEA, Daily Comment, New
Yorker, 18 Nov. 2011, <http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2011/
11/iran-and-the-iaea.html>. Cm. raxxe Salami, I., IAEA report thrives on laptop
of lies, Press TV, 8 Nov. 2011, <http://presstv.ir/detail/209074.html>.
18
Porter, G., Ex-inspector rejects IAEA claims, Asia Times Online, 22 Nov.
2011 <http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/MK22Ak02.html>.
19
US dictated new IAEA report to Amano, Press TV, 8 Nov. 2011, <http://
www.presstv.ir/detail/209020.html>; n IAEA report is unbalanced, politically
motivated: Iran envoy, Tehran Times, 10 Nov. 2011.
20
Iranian envoy criticizes IAEA conduct, Press TV, 22 Nov. 2011, <http://
www.presstv.ir/detail/211406.html>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 408
xenoro norennnana, xorx n ne n rex macmraax n ne na rom oprannsannon-
nom yponne, xax o ocenn 2003 r.
21
Taxo ntno cran nexoroptm orxoom or
ocnonnoro saxnmuennx, cenannoro n neonosnauno HPO no Hpany, noro-
ronnenno n 2007 r. B rom oxymenre yrnepxanoct c ntcoxo crenentm
ynepennocrn, uro Hpan npnocranonnn cnon nccneonannx no xepno opy-
xeno remarnxe ocentm 2003 r., n c ymepenno one ynepennocrn uro
no cocroxnnm na cepenny 2007 r. on ne nosononnxn paor no cosannm xep-
noro opyxnx
22
.
Cornacno saxnnennm npexropa nannonantnoro pasnetnarentnoro
ynpannennx CBA xemca Kn+nnepa nepe Cenarom n ]enpane 2011 r. pas-
netnarentnte oprant CBA cunrann, uro Hpan ne orxastnancx or nosmox-
nocrn cosannx xepnoro opyxnx, n oruacrn c +ro nentm pasnnnan nexoro-
pte xepnte momnocrn, naroapx xoroptm ero nosmoxnocrn cosart xep-
noe opyxne pacmnpxrcx, a neoxonmoe nx +roro npemx ymentmnrcx
23
. Hpn
+rom on nornepnn, uro pasnetnarentnte oprant no-npexnemy c ntcoxo
crenentm ynepennocrn nonaramr, uro Hpan eme ne npnnxn pemennx o noso-
nonnennn cnoe nporpammt no cosannm xepnoro opyxnx. Kax oannn
Kn+nnep, npn npnnxrnn pemennx no xepno nponeme Hpan pyxonocrny-
ercx coopaxennxmn +xonomnuecxo +]]exrnnnocrn, n cnny uero y mexy-
naponoro coomecrna ecrt onpeenennte nosmoxnocrn nx nnnxnnx na pe-
menne Terepana
24
.


Pesonmnnn Cone1a ynpannnmmnx MAIAT3 no Hpany

18 noxpx 2011 r. Coner ynpannxmmnx MAIAT3 npnnxn nonym pesonm-
nnm no Hpany
25
. B ne coner ntpasnn rnyoxym n pacrymym osaouennocrt
n cnxsn c nepemenntmn nonpocamn n ornomennn npancxo xepno npo-
rpammt, n rom uncne c remn, xoropte nyxamrcx n npoxcnennn, urot nc-
xnmunrt npncyrcrnne nosmoxntx noenntx cocrannxmmnx. Coner nouepx-

21
Miller, G., and Warrick, J., U.S. report finds debate in Iran on building
nuclear bomb, Washington Post, 19 Feb. 2011. HPO 2011 r. n orxptro ]opme
ne nynnxonanact.
22
US Director of National Intelligence, Iran: nuclear intentions and capa-
bilities, National Intelligence Estimate, Nov. 2007, <http://www.dni.gov/press-
releases_2007.htm>, pp. 68; n Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and non-
proliferation, SIPRI Yearbook 2008, p. 348349.
23
Clapper, J. R., Director of National Intelligence, Worldwide threat as-
sessment of the U. S. Intelligence Community, Statement for the record for the
US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 16 Feb. 2011, <http://www.dni.
gov/testimonies.htm>, p. 45.
24
Clapper (cnocxa 23), p. 5.
25
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx. Ocymecrnnenne cornamennx o rapan-
rnxx n cnxsn c HO n coornercrnymmnx nonoxenn pesonmnn CF OOH n
Hcnamcxo Pecnynnxe Hpan. Pesonmnnx, GOV/2011/69, 18 noxpx 2011 r.
Pesonmnnx tna npnnxra 32 ronocamn npornn 2, npnuem Kya n 3xnaop
nporonoconann npornn, a Hnonesnx nosepxanact or ronoconannx.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 409
nyn neoxonmocrt, urot Hpan npeocrannn MAIAT3 ocryn xo nce co-
ornercrnymme nn]opmannn, oxymenrannn, nnomaxam, marepnany n nep-
conany n pamxax onee axrnnnoro nanora, nanpannennoro na esornara-
rentnoe yperynnponanne ncex ocrammnxcx nonpocon, xacammnxcx xepno
exrentnocrn Hpana. Homnmo +roro n pesonmnnn Coner ynpannxmmnx npn-
snan Hpan ceptesno n es npenapnrentntx ycnonn npncrynnrt x nepero-
nopam no noccranonnennm mexynaponoro onepnx x ncxnmunrentno mnp-
nomy xapaxrepy xepno nporpammt Hpana
26
.
B yxasanno pesonmnnn, npoexr xoropo tn npenoxen nxrtm nocro-
xnntmn unenamn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (Knraem, upannne, Poccne,
Bennxopnranne n Coennenntmn Braramn Amepnxn) n Iepmanne (rpyn-
no rocyapcrn 5+1), ne coepxanoct nn npxmoro nopnnannx Hpana, nn
npnstnon x ononnnrentntm xaparentntm mepam n ornomennn +ro crpant.
Poccnx n Knra, a raxxe px rocyapcrn unenon nnxennx nenpncoenne-
nnx (H), saceanmnx n Conere, no coomennxm, ntcrynnnn npornn mep, xo-
ropte, no nx mnennm, npnnenn t x antneme nsonxnnn Hpana
27
. Orne-
uammn sa nsanmoecrnne c MAIAT3 poccncxn nocon no ocotm nopy-
uennxm Ipnropn Fepennnxon nepe ronoconannem no npoexry pesonmnnn
npeynpenn yuacrnnxon, uro nocnenn oxna renepantnoro npexropa
rpanc]opmnponancx n ncrounnx nonoro napacrannx nanpxxennocrn noxpyr
npancxo xepno nporpammt n pesyntrare xopomo cpexeccnponanno
xamnannn n CMH, nanpannenno na antnemee ycnnenne npornnopeun
28
.
Knra nouepxnyn neoxonmocrt n ocropoxnom noxoe, npn +rom o]nnn-
antnt npecrannrent xnracxoro MHa cenan ocot ynop na rom, uro
npornnopeunx noxpyr npancxo xepno nporpammt cneyer yperynnponart
nyrem nanora n corpynnuecrna
29
.


C1a1yc yc1anonxn no ooramennm n mopo

B 2011 r. nonoom nx oocrpennx mexynapono nanpxxennocrn no-
xpyr xepno nporpammt Hpana nocnyxnnn n nonte cotrnx, cnxsannte c
ycranonxo no ooramennm ypana, crponrentcrno xoropo n nosemntx ron-
nenxx na noenno ase n uopo nns ropoa Kom neer Oprannsannx no arom-
no +neprnn Hpana (OA3H). Hpornnopeunx noxpyr ycranonxn no ooramennm
ronnnna n uopo (YOTu) nosnnxnn n 2009 r., xora Hpan npnsnan, uro nen
crponrentcrno panee nesaxnnennoro oexra. Kax noxcnnn rora Hpan, annt
oexr coopyxancx n xauecrne sanacnoro, naroapx xoropomy ooramenne

26
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/69 (cnocxa 25), n. 2, 4.
27
Dahl, F. and Westall, S., U.N. nuclear watchdog board rebukes defiant
Iran, Reuters, 18 Nov. 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/18/us-
nuclear-iran-iaea-idUSTRE7AG0RP20111118>.
28
Publication of speculations about Irans alleged research untimely: Russia,
ITAR-TASS, 19 Nov. 2011, <http://pda.itar-tass.com/en/c154/ 276160.html>.
29
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Ministry spokesperson
Hong Leis regular press conference on November 9, 2011, 10 Nov. 2011,
<http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xwfw/s2510/t876741.htm>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 410
ronnnna ne npepnercx axe n cnyuae noennoro yapa no npancxnm +xcnepn-
menrantntm n npomtmnenntm nenrpn]yxntm ycranonxam n Haranse
30
.
Cornacno oxnay renepantnoro npexropa MAIAT3 or 8 noxpx 2011 r.
Hpan nepecmorpen nn]opmannm, npeocrannennym nm arenrcrny n xacam-
mymcx nnannpyemo exrentnocrn no ooramennm na ycranonxe n uopo. B
2009 r. Hpan saxnnn, uro YOTu npenasnauena nx nponsnocrna nnsxooo-
ramennoro ypana (HOY) co crenentm ooramennx ne ntme 5% no nsorony
ypana-235, xoropt yer ncnontsonartcx n xauecrne xepnoro ronnnna
31
. B
nmne 2011 r. Hpan coomnn MAIAT3, uro nmecro +roro na ycranonxe yer
nponsnonrtcx HOY co crenentm ooramennx o 20%, ns xoroporo yer
nsrorannnnartcx ronnnno nx nccneonarentcxoro peaxropa n Terepane
(HPT)
32
. Hponsnocrno 20-nponenrnoro HOY yer nepeneceno n uopo c
+xcnepnmenrantno ycranonxn no ooramennm ronnnna n Haranse no na-
nmennem MAIAT3, npnuem omn oem nponsnonmoro 20%-nponenrnoro
HOY na nono ycranonxe yer yrpoen sa cuer ncnontsonannx onee conep-
menntx nenrpn]yr
33
. B cenrxpe 2011 r. or npancxoro pyxonocrna nocryna-
nn npornnopeunnte cnrnant ornocnrentno ero roronnocrn necrn neperonopt
o cenxe no omeny xepnoro ronnnna c CBA, no ycnonnxm xoropo Hpan
onxen yer npnocranonnrt nponsnocrno 20%-nponenrnoro HOY
34
.
9 xnnapx 2012 r. Hpan oxnnn o nauane ooramennx ypana na YOTu
35
.
Kax nouepxnynn npancxne o]nnnantnte nnna, ycranonxa n uopo nomeme-
na no rapanrnn MAIAT3 n npenasnauena nx nponsnocrna ronnnna, c no-
momtm xoroporo HPT cmoxer npoonxnrt ntnycx mennnncxnx nsoronon.
Homnmo +roro onn nacrannann na rom, uro Hpan ne orxaxercx or cnoero sa-

30
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx. Ocymecrnnenne Cornamennx o rapan-
rnxx n cnxsn c HO n coornercrnymmnx nonoxenn Pesonmnn CF 1737
(2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) n 1835 (2008) n Hcnamcxo Pecnynnxe
Hpan. oxna Ienepantnoro npexropa, GOV/2009/74, 16 noxpx 2009 r.,
n. 12. Cm. Taxxe: Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and non-proliferation,
SIPRI Yearbook 2010, p. 385388.
31
MAIAT3, GOV/2009/74 (cnocxa 30), n. 7.
32
HPT +ro nccneonarentcxn peaxrop momnocrtm 5 MBr rennono
+neprnn, ncnontsymmncx nx nponsnocrna mennnncxnx nsoronon. Hpan
npnnxn pemenne o nponsnocrne ronnnnntx nnacrnn nx +roro peaxropa no-
cne ncuepnannx sanacon ronnnna, nocrannenntx n 1993 r. Aprenrnno.
33
Iran to triple production of 20% enriched uranium, Tehran Times, 9 June
2011; n Pomeroy, R. and Amiri, M., Defiant Iran plans rise in nuclear enrich-
ment, Reuters, 9 June 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/08/us-iran-
nuclear-enrichment-idUSTRE7572R620110608>.
34
Ahmadinejad and Abbasi-Davani at odds on enrichment claims, Institute
for Science and International Security (ISIS), Iran in Brief, 14 Sep. 2011,
<http://isis-online.org/isis-reports/detail/ahmadinejad-and-abbasi-davani-at-odds-
on-enrichment-claims/>. O npetymnx npenoxennxx no omeny ronnnna
cm. Kile, S. N. (cnocxa 30), p. 385388; n Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and
non-proliferation, SIPRI Yearbook 2009, p. 388389.
35
Iran enriching uranium at Fordo plant near Qom, BBC News, 10 Jan.
2012, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16470100>
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 411
xonnoro npana n coornercrnnn c oronopom 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn
xepnoro opyxnx ocymecrnnxrt ooramenne ypana n mnpntx nenxx
36
.
3ro saxnnenne Hpana ntsnano xecrxym xpnrnxy co cropont upannnn,
Iepmannn n Bennxopnrannn (enporpoxn) n CBA
37
. Onn ocynnn ero xax
nponoxannm n mar, naroapx xoropomy Hpan npnnnsnrcx x cosannm no-
rennnana nx nnesannoro ntxoa ns HO n nponsnocrna opyxenoro ypa-
na n xonnuecrne, ocrarounom nx nonyuennx xepnoro opyxnx n nectma cxa-
rte cpoxn
38
. Kax yxasan mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Bennxopnrannn Ynntxm
Xer, Hpan naxonnn napaorannt sa necxontxo ner HOY co crenentm oo-
ramennx oxono 20%, no no-npexnemy ne pacnonaraer rexnnuecxnmn nosmox-
nocrxmn nx nponsnocrna ronnnnntx nnacrnn nx HPT
39
.
onxnocrnte nnna Enponecxoro comsa (EC) n CBA nooemann yxe-
crounrt canxnnn c nentm npnnynrt Hpan nosononnrt neperonopt no ero
xepno exrentnocrn
40
. 23 xnnapx 2012 r. Coner EC nnen n ornomennn Hpana
+mapro, no ycnonnxm xoroporo rocyapcrnam unenam EC sanpemamrcx
nmnopr, saxynxa nnn rpancnoprnponxa npancxo ne]rn n ne]renpoyx-
ron
41
. Kpome roro, Coner samoposnn axrnnt Henrpantnoro anxa Hpana n
EC
42
. Panee Hpan yxe yrpoxan nepexptrt Opmyscxn nponnn, ecnn sanante
crpant nontramrcx nnecrn +mapro na nocranxn npancxo ne]rn, uro, no
coomennxm, nocnyxnno nonoom nx ocrarouno pesxoro npeynpexennx
co cropont CBA
43
.

36
Iran N-activities totally transparent, Press TV, 10 Jan. 2012, <http://
www.presstv.ir/detail/220360.html>.
37
Iran enriching uranium at Fordo plant near Qom (cnocxa 35).
38
nx ooramennx npnponoro ypana o 3.5% no nsorony U-235 nx no-
nyuennx ronnnna nx peaxropon rpeyercx sarparnrt namnoro ontme npeme-
nn n pecypcon, uem nx oooramennx raxoro marepnana nx ncnontsonannx n
xepnom opyxnn (xax npannno, opyxent ypan nmeer crenent ooramennx n
90% n ntme).
39
Schneeweiss, Z., U.K.s Hague disappointed by Irans provocative en-
richment, Bloomberg, 9 Jan. 2012, <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-
09/u-k-s-hague-disappointed-by-iran-s-provocative-enrichment.html>.
40
Hafezi, P. and Dahl, F., EU ministers plan Iran oil embargo, IAEA team
to visit, Reuters, 10 Jan. 2011, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/10/us-
iran-idUSTRE8090ZL20120110>.
41
Council Decision 2012/35/CFSP of 23 Jan. 2012 amending Decision
2010/413/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Iran, Official Journal of
the European Union, L19, 24 Jan. 2012.
42
Canxnnn n ornomennn ]nnancontx yupexenn, nsanmoecrnymmnx
c Henrpantntm anxom Hpana, npeycmorpent n 3axone o accnrnonannxx na
nannonantnym oopony na 2012 ]nn.r. National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2012, US Public Law no. 112-81, signed into law 31 Dec. 2011,
<http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z? d112: h.r.01540:>, section 1245. Cm.
raxxe: Obama signs US sanctions bill into law, BBC News, 31 Dec. 2011,
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16376072>.
43
U.S. message on Strait of Hormuz conveyed through 3 officials: Iran,
Tehran Times, 15 Jan. 2012.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 412
B pesyntrare yxecrouennx canxnn 3anaa n ornomennn Hpana n cnxsn c
ero xepno nporpammo nosononnnnct onacennx, uro cnryannx nepepacrer
n noopyxennt xon]nnxr. Hanpxxennocrt oocrpnnact 10 xnnapx 2012 r.,
xora npn nsptne omt norn npancxn yuent-xepmnx n Hpan nasnan +ro
uacrtm cpexnccnponanno sa pyexom xamnannn, npnsnanno nomemart
ocymecrnnennm xepno nporpammt Hpana
44
. Kpome roro, nce uame ntcxa-
stnannct npenonoxennx, uro nspanntcxoe nonnrnuecxoe pyxonocrno pac-
cmarpnnaer nosmoxnocrt nanecennx ynpexammero noennoro yapa no xep-
ntm oexram Hpana
45
.
B ycnonnxx pacryme nnnomarnuecxo n +xonomnuecxo nsonxnnn
Hpan npoemoncrpnponan npnsnaxn xenannx sanxrt menee xareropnunym no-
snnnm no xepnomy nonpocy. 18 xnnapx 2012 r. mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en
Hpana Ann Axap Canexn no npemx nnsnra n Typnnm saxnnn, uro Hpan no-
sononnr neperonopt c rocyapcrnamn rpynnt 5+1 no nonpocy o cnoe
xepno nporpamme
46
. Homnmo +roro Hpan nornepnn, uro nepe nosonon-
nennem neperonopon n xonne xnnapx 2012 r. ero nocerxr npecrannrenn
MAIAT3
47
.

44
Iran car explosion kills nuclear scientist in Tehran, BBC News, 11 Jan.
2012, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16501566>. C xnnapx
2010 r. nensnecrntmn nnnamn tno conepmeno rpn cxoxnx noxymennx na
npancxnx yuentx-xepmnxon.
45
Bergman, R., Will Israel attack Iran?, New York Times, 25 Jan. 2012.
46
Iran: talks with P5+1 may be in Turkey, Press TV, 18 Jan. 2012,
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/221782.html>. O npetymnx neperonopax mex-
y Hpanom n rocyapcrnamn rpynnt 5+1 cm. Kile, S. N. (cnocxa 30), p. 388
389; n Kile, S. N., Nuclear arms control and non-proliferation, SIPRI Yearbook
2009, p. 389392.
47
IAEA inspectors due in Iran in January, Press TV, 13 Jan. 2012,
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/220856.html>.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 413
IV. EPHA HPOIPAMMA CEBEPHOH KOPEH

Bennon H. KAHH

B 2011 r. rax n ne yanoct ntnecrn ns rynnxa mecrncroponnne nepero-
nopt no nonpocy o xepno nporpamme Kopecxo Hapono-emoxparnuecxo
Pecnynnxn (KHP), nocxontxy cropont ne cmornn npnrn x cornacnm orno-
cnrentno ycnonn nx nosononnennx
1
. Cenepnax Kopex neonoxparno saxnnx-
na o roronnocrn nepnyrtcx sa cron neperonopon, no nouepxnnana, uro ne
npnmer nnxaxnx npenapnrentntx rpeonann
2
. onxnocrnte xe nnna Rx-
no Kopen n CBA nacrannann na rom, uro nx nosononnennx neperonopon
Cenepnax Kopex onxna npnocranonnrt nporpammy no ooramennm ypana n
nnecrn moparopn na ncntrannx xepnoro n paxernoro opyxnx. Cenepnax Ko-
pex orxnonnna +rn rpeonannx na cocroxnmnxcx n nmne 2011 r. cenaparntx
conemannxx c mxnoxopecxnm rnanntm neperonopmnxom no xepntm nonpo-
cam Bn Con Harom n cnennantntm npecrannrenem CBA no Cenepno Kopee
Innnom +nncom
3
. Onaxo 24 anrycra, nocne ncrpeun poccncxoro npesnenra
mnrpnx Meneena c cenepoxopecxnm nnepom Knm uen Hpom, Cenepnax
Kopex, xax coomanoct, oosnaunna roronnocrt nnecrn moparopn na npons-
nocrno n ncntrannx xepnoro opyxnx n paxer n xonrexcre nosononnennx
neperonopon
4
.
17 exapx 2011 r. noxnnnnct nenornepxennte coomennx n CMH o
rom, uro Cenepnax Kopex cornacnnact npnocranonnrt nporpammy no oora-
mennm ypana n omen na npoonontcrnennym nomomt CBA
5
. o +roro o]n-
nnantnte nnna CBA orpnnann xaxym-nno cnxst mexy nonpocom o npoo-
nontcrnenno nomomn Cenepno Kopee n nporpeccom n nycroponnnx nepe-
ronopax no xepntm nonpocam
6
. Onaxo sannannponannoe oxnnenne CBA
o pemennn nosononnrt oxasanne npoonontcrnenno nomomn npnmnoct or-
noxnrt ns-sa oxnnennx 19 exapx 2011 r. o xonunne Knm uen Hpa
7
. Bcne-
crnne +roro cotrnx nonpoc o nosmoxnocrn neperonopon mexy Cenepno
Kopee n CBA ne npoxcnnncx no xpane mepe o xonna roa.

1
Becrncroponnne neperonopt nauannct n anrycre 2003 r. no nnnnnarnne Knrax c nentm
cornaconart ycnonnx npeocrannennx mexynapono nomomn Cenepno Kopee n omen na
noammncx nponepxe orxas or nporpammt no cosannm xepnoro opyxnx. Hapxy c
Knraem n Cenepno Kopee croponamn n +rnx neperonopax xnnxmrcx nonnx, Pecnynnxa
Kopex (Rxnax Kopex), Poccnx n CBA.
2
North Korea ready to discuss nuclear enrichment, BBC News, 15 Mar. 2011, <http://www.
bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12742016>.
3
Mydans, S. and Choe, S., North Korea is said to weigh nuclear test moratorium, New York
Times, 25 Aug. 2011.
4
Dyomkin, D., North Korea ready to discuss nuclear moratorium: Kremlin, Reuters, 24 Aug.
2011.
5
U.S., N. Korea agree on 240,000 tons of food assistance: source, Yonhap, 17 Dec. 2011.
6
US Department of State, Remarks by Special Representative Davies in Beijing, China, 15
Dec. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2011/12/178875.htm>.
7
Rogin, J., Kims death thwarts Obamas North Korean engagement attempts, The Cable,
Foreign Policy, 19 Dec. 2011, <http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/19/kim_s_death_
thwarts_obama_s_north_korean_engagement_attempts>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 414
B reuenne +roro roa nnont nosnnxann nonpoct n ecnoxocrno no no-
noy oema cenepoxopecxo xepno nporpammt n ee nosmoxno cnxsn c
certm A. K. Xana. 3rn nonpoct n ecnoxocrno xacannct panee nesaxnnen-
no nenrpn]yxno oorarnrentno ycranonxn na nnomaxe n Honene, xo-
ropym Cenepnax Kopex npoemoncrpnponana nocernnme ee enerannn ame-
pnxancxnx yuentx n noxpe 2010 r. Ho yrnepxennm Cenepno Kopen, +ra
oorarnrentnax ycranonxa npenasnauanact nx nponsnocrna nnsxooora-
mennoro ypana nx ncnontsonannx n xauecrne ronnnna nx nerxonontx
+neprernuecxnx peaxropon. Cornacno npocounnmemycx n CMH oxnay rpyn-
nt +xcnepron Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH no Cenepno Kopee npoexrt +ro
ycranonxn n peaxropon cocrannxnn ceptesnoe napymenne canxnn, nneen-
ntx n ornomennn Cenepno Kopen Conerom Fesonacnocrn nocne nponeen-
ntx em xepntx ncntrann 2006 n 2009 rr.
8

3xcneprt npnmnn x xoncencycy ornocnrentno roro, uro ycranonxa no
ooramennm, onapyxennax n 2010 r., tna nocrpoena npn coecrnnn cern
A. K. Xana. B oxnae no Cenepno Kopee, onynnxonannom n cenrxpe
2011 r. renepantntm npexropom MAIAT3 Rxne Amano, tno ormeueno,
uro nnannponxa n ]nsnuecxne xapaxrepncrnxn nenrpn]yxnoro xacxaa +ro
ycranonxn n ocnonnom coornercrnonann npoexry, pacnpocrpanennomy ue-
pes nonontnym cert nocranox
9
. Homnmo +roro n oxnae ronopnrcx, uro
nn]opmannx, nmemmaxcx n pacnopxxennn arenrcrna, cnnerentcrnyer o
rom, uro Cenepnax Kopex ntranact saxynnrt y mnpoxoro xpyra nocranmn-
xon marepnant n oopyonanne, xoropte mornn trt ncnontsonant n pam-
xax nporpammt ooramennx. Cornacno oxnay rpynnt +xcnepron OOH,
nonanmemy n CMH, n 1990-x roax cert Xana nocrannna n Cenepnym Kopem
nauantnt xomnnexr nenrpn]yr, n rom uncne nenrpn]yrn nepnoro noxo-
nennx (P-1) n nenrpn]yrn nroporo noxonennx (P-2) na ocnone naxncrancxnx
opasnon
10
.
Hmennct cnnerentcrna n roro, uro Cenepnax Kopex ocymecrnnxna ra-
nte nepeaun marepnana, oopyonannx n rexnonorn, ornocxmnxcx x cos-
annm xepnoro opyxnx n cpecrn ero ocranxn pyrnm rocyapcrnam. B
oxnae MAIAT3 coepxancx ntno o rom, uro rexca]ropn ypana, ona-
pyxennt n nnnnnpe, ornpannennom n Hnnnm certm A. K. Xana n 2001 r.,
nectma nepoxrno, nponcxonn ns Cenepno Kopen
11
. Ipynna +xcnepron

8
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (2009), Report, p. 19. Texcr ox-
naa, nonanmn n CMH, cm. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/55808872/UN-Panel-of-Experts-NORK-
Report-May-2011>. Canxnnn tnn nneent Conerom Fesonacnocrn OOH n coornercrnnn c
Pesonmnnxmn 1718 or 14 oxrxpx 2006 r. n 1874 or 12 nmnx 2009 r. Ho nonpocy o canxnnxx
cm. raxxe pasen III rnant 10 nacroxmero nsannx.
9
MAIAT3, Coner ynpannxmmnx n Ienepantnax xon]epennnx. Hpnmenenne rapanrn n
Kopecxo Hapono-emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe. oxna Ienepantnoro npexropa,
GOV/2011/53-GC (55)/24, 2 cenrxpx 2011 r., c. 9. B oxnae ne yxastnanoct, na xaxom ocno-
nannn MAIAT3 cenano +ry onenxy.
10
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (cnocxa 8), p. 20. Cm. raxxe: Pol-
lack, J., The secret treachery of A. Q. Khan, Playboy, Jan./Feb. 2012.
11
MAIAT3, GOV/2011/53-GC (55)/24 (cnocxa 9), c. 10. Taxnm opasom, no onenxe
MAIAT3, Cenepnax Kopex onaana nesaxnnenntm norennnanom nx xonnepcnn ypana n o
2001 r.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 415
OOH saxnmunna, uro Cenepnax Kopex perynxpno omennnanact c Hpanom
sanpemenntmn ronapamn, ornocxmnmncx x annncrnuecxnm paxeram n
napymenne canxnnn OOH npnmennrentno x Cenepno Kopen
12
. Kax nonara-
mr +xcneprt, +rn nepeaun ocymecrnnxnnct no npemx perynxpntx annape-
con uepes reppnropnm rperte crpant, xoropo, no mnennm necxontxnx
nnnomaron OOH, tn Knra
13
.

12
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (cnocxa 8), p. 40.
13
Bilefsky, D., China delays report suggesting North Korea violated sanctions, New York
Times, 14 May 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 416
V. COFITH B IPYHHE EPHIX HOCTABBHKOB

Cnnnn FAY3P

Mnorne rocyapcrna, re nponsnoxrcx npemert, xoropte moryr nc-
nontsonartcx n nporpammax cosannx opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx
(OMY), ocymecrnnxmr corpynnuecrno n onacrn xonrponx sa ropronne
crparernuecxnmn ronapamn n pamxax neo]nnnantntx, ne nocxmnx mpnnue-
cxn oxsarentnoro xapaxrepa mnorocroponnnx pexnmon xonrponx sa ropron-
ne c orpannuenntm unencxnm cocranom
1
. Konrpont sa ropronne xepntmn
marepnanamn, oopyonannem n rexnonornxmn ocymecrnnxercx Ipynno
xepntx nocranmnxon (IH)
2
. Ee unenamn xnnxmrcx 46 rocyapcrn, nomnmo
xoroptx n ee cocran n xauecrne nocroxnntx nanmarene nxoxr Enpone-
cxax xomnccnx n npecearent Komnrera Hanrepa. Ipynna exerono npononr
nnenapnte saceannx, re npnnnmamrcx pemennx na ocnone xoncencyca, a
raxxe mexceccnonnte nororonnrentnte conemannx n conemannx no rexnn-
uecxnm nonpocam
3
.
Ha nnenapnom saceannn 2324 nmnx 2011 r. unent IH nomnmo npoue-
ro ocynnn n nepecmorpenn pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt IH, a raxxe ocynnn
ornomennx rpynnt c Hnne. B nono peaxnnn pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon
npeycmorpent ononnnrentnte ycnonnx nx nepeau uyncrnnrentntx mare-
pnanon, oopyonannx n rexnonorn xepnoro ronnnnnoro nnxna, xoropte
moryr ncnontsonartcx nx ooramennx ypana n nepepaorxn orpaorannoro
ronnnna, rocyapcrnam, eme ne onaammnm raxnmn marepnanamn, rexnono-
rnxmn n oopyonannem.

1
Cornacno pacnpocrpanennomy onpeenennm repmnna xonrpont sa ropronne crpa-
rernuecxnmn ronapamn noont xonrpont pacnpocrpanxercx na otunte noopyxennx n
ronapt nonoro ncnontsonannx, n rom uncne nporpammnoe oecneuenne n rexnonornn. B
c]epe xonrponx sa ropronne crparernuecxnmn ronapamn no ronapamn nonoro ncnontso-
nannx nonnmamrcx re ronapt, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant nx cosannx OMY (xep-
noro, nonornuecxoro n xnmnuecxoro opyxnx) nnn cpecrn ero ocranxn. B cnxsn c xepntm
opyxnem +ror repmnn onpeenxercx no-pyromy, n rom uncne n pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnax
IH, n npnmennm x ronapam, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant xax nx cosannx xepnoro
opyxnx, rax n n nntx nenxx.
2
pyrnmn raxnmn pexnmamn xnnxmrcx Ancrpanncxax rpynna (AI), Pexnm xonrponx sa
paxerntmn rexnonornxmn (PKPT) n Baccenaapcxne oronopennocrn o xonrpone na +xcnop-
rom otuntx noopyxenn, ronapon n rexnonorn nonoro nasnauennx. Kparxym nn]opma-
nnm o +rnx pexnmax n Komnrere Hanrepa n nepeunn nx yuacrnnxon cm. n ononnennn B. O
cotrnxx 2011 r. n PKPT n Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocrxx cm. n pas. II rn. 10 nacroxmero
nsannx. O onee pannnx cotrnxx n yxasanntx pexnmax cm. npetymne nsannx Exero-
nnxa CHHPH. O IH cm.: Anthony, I., Ahlstrm, C. and Fedchenko, V., Reforming Nuclear Ex-
port Controls: The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, SIPRI Research Report no. 22 (Oxford
University Press: Oxford, 2007).
3
Komnrer Hanrepa tn cosan nx paccmorpennx nonpocon n onacrn +xcnoprnoro xon-
rponx, cnxsanntx c oronopom 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx (HO), n nx
ntpaorxn omero ronxonannx repmnnon n cnxsn c n. 2 cr. III oronopa, n rom uncne repmnna
oopyonanne nnn marepnan, cnennantno npenasnauennt nnn nororonnennt nx opa-
orxn, ncnontsonannx nnn nponsnocrna cnennantnoro pacmennxmmerocx marepnana. Cm.:
Anthony et al. (cnocxa 2), p. 1316.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 417
Hepecuo1p pyxononmnx npnnnnnon, xacammnxcn +xcnop1a
uync1nn1entnmx 1exnonornn

Hoeoo o. oopaueuu r omo me+e u ocuoeuie npeo+emi cnopoe

IH nnepnte onynnxonana pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt n 1978 r. uepes
Mexynaponoe arenrcrno no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) n c rex nop ne-
cxontxo pas nepecmarpnnana nx
4
. B coornercrnnn c rpeonannxmn +rnx pyxo-
noxmnx npnnnnnon npn npnnxrnn pemenn o +xcnopre yxasanntx xepntx
ronapon n ronapon, nmemmnx ornomenne x xepno c]epe, nocranmnxn
onxnt yunrtnart conmenne onpeenenntx ycnonn. Honyuarent onxen
rapanrnponart, uro ronapt ne yyr ncnontsonant nx cosannx xepnoro
nsptnnoro ycrpocrna (n. 2) n onxen ntnonnxrt cornamenne o nceoem-
nmmnx rapanrnxx c MAIAT3. Hocranmnxn onxnt npnnxrt mept no oec-
neuennm n yymem ]nsnuecxo samnrt xepntx marepnanon n oexron n
xonrponx sa nx pe+xcnoprom, a raxxe onxnt trt yexent n rom, uro ra-
xne nepeaun ne yyr cnococrnonart pacnpocrpanennm xepnoro opyxnx
nnn pyrnx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn n ne yyr nepexnmuent nx
conepmennx axron xepnoro reppopnsma (n. 10). Homnmo +roro nocranmnxn
onxnt npnnxrt mpnnuecxne mept n nenxx oecneuennx +]]exrnnnoro
ocymecrnnennx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon, nxnmuax nonoxennx, perynnpym-
mne ntauy nnnensn na +xcnopr, mept no npnmenennm canxnn n mrpa]t
sa napymennx (n. 11). K pyxonoxmnm npnnnnnam npnnaramrcx xonrpont-
nte cnncxn ronapon, x xoroptm npnmenxmrcx xonxpernte orpannuennx.
Taxxe npeycmorpen nceoemnmmn xonrpont sa ncemn ne nnecenntmn n
cnncox ronapamn, nmemmnmn xepnoe nasnauenne. B coornercrnnn c nono-
xennem o rapanrnxx nepeaun nexepntm rocyapcrnam, ne saxnmunnmnm
cornamennx o rapanrnxx c MAIAT3, moryr ocymecrnnxrtcx nnmt n ncxnm-
unrentntx cnyuaxx, xora onn cunramrcx neoxonmtmn nx esonacno
+xcnnyarannn cymecrnymmnx ycranonox (n. 4). B raxnx cnyuaxx xepnte
nocranmnxn onxnt coomart n ecnn neoxonmo, xoncyntrnponartcx, xo-
ra onn namepent paspemnrt raxne nepeaun nnn orxasart n nnx.
Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt IH ne xnnxmrcx mpnnuecxn oxsarentntmn,
n no+romy nx npnmenenne moxer trt oecneueno nnmt n rex cnyuaxx, xora
onn nnxopnopnponant n nannonantnoe saxonoarentcrno rocyapcrna-
yuacrnnxa; npn +rom y rocyapcrna ocraercx nexoropax cnooa n ronxonannn

4
IAEA, Communication received from certain member states regarding guidelines for the ex-
port of nuclear material, equipment or technology, INFCIRC/254, Feb. 1978. o nepecmorpa py-
xonoxmnx npnnnnnon n 2011 r. nocnenxx peaxnnx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH coep-
xanact n oxymenre: MAIAT3. Coomenne, nonyuennoe or nocroxnnoro npecrannrentcrna
Fpasnnnn npn Arenrcrne, ornocnrentno pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon +xcnopra xepnoro mare-
pnana, oopyonannx n rexnonornn nexoroptx rocyapcrn-unenon, INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part 1,
7 noxpx 2007 r.; n MAIAT3. Coomenne, nonyuennoe or nexoroptx rocyapcrn-unenon or-
nocnrentno pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon nx nepeau nmemmnx ornomenne x xepno exrent-
nocrn oopyonannx, marepnana, nporpammnoro oecneuennx n coornercrnymme rexnonornn
nonoro ncnontsonannx, INFCIRC/254/Rev.8/Part 2, 30 nmnx 2010 r. uacrt 2 n 2011 r. ne
nepecmarpnnanact.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 418
onpeenenntx coepxamnxcx n nnx cyexrnnntx xpnrepnen
5
. Baxno orme-
rnrt, uro +rn pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt cnyxar nexnm mnnnmantntm cranap-
rom, n nannonantnte npannrentcrna moryr npnmenxrt npn xepntx nocran-
xax onee crporne rpeonannx.
Cnopt o neoxonmocrn nepecmorpa pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH, xa-
cammnxcx +xcnopra ronapon, nmemmnx ornomenne x ooramennm ypana n
nepepaorxe orpaorannoro ronnnna, nauannct eme n 2001 r. c coornercr-
nymme nnnnnarnnt CBA n orner na neonosnaunym cctnxy Poccnn na no-
noxenne o rapanrnxx npn +xcnopre xepnoro ronnnna n Hnnm
6
. Onaxo ne-
pecmorp 2011 r. rax n ne sarponyn +ro nonoxenne, nocxontxy nsmennnact o-
max nanpannennocrt npenn
7
.
Momnt nmnyntc ncxyccnxm no nonpocy o orpannuennn +xcnopra ro-
napon, nmemmnx ornomenne x ooramennm ypana n nepepaorxe ronnnna,
ano pacxptrne n 2003 r. cern A. K. Xana, ropronanme rexnonornxmn oo-
ramennx ypana. B 2004 r. npesnenr CBA xopx Y. Fym npenoxnn IH
sanpernrt +xcnopr raxnx ronapon n crpant, eme ne onaammne nmn
8
. Yuacr-
nnxam IH ne yanoct npnrn x xoncencycy no +romy npenoxennm, no ono
noronxnyno rpynny x nauany ocyxennx nonpoca o nepecmorpe ee pyxono-
xmnx npnnnnnon, n n 2008 r. tna pacnpocrpanena nepnax peaxnnx nepe-
cmorpennoro oxymenra
9
.
Cornaconart nepeuent xonxperntx xpnrepnen, xoropte onxnt trt
conment, urot crpana nonyunna npano na nocranxy marepnanon, rexnono-
rn n oopyonannx, cnxsanntx c ooramennem ypana nnn nepepaorxo ron-
nnna, oxasanoct nenpocro. Hanonee ceptesnte pasnornacnx tnn cnxsant c
onnm ns oexrnnntx xpnrepnen rpeonannem, urot nonyuarent saxnm-
uan ononnnrentnt nporoxon x cornamennm o rapanrnxx c MAIAT3, a rax-
xe c pxom cyexrnnntx xpnrepnen. B uncne nocnennx n npoexre ynomn-
nanoct rpeonanne o rom, uro nocranmnx onxen npoxnnxrt nrentnocrt
n npnnnmart no nnnmanne raxne ]axropt, xax (a) nannune y nonyuarenx

5
Honoxenne EC 428/2009 o ronapax nonoro nasnauennx, xoropoe xnnxercx saxonom
npxmoro ecrnnx n EC, coepxnr cctnxy na nonnrnuecxne n mpnnuecxne oxsarentcrna
rocyapcrn EC xax unenon pexnmon no xonrponm sa +xcnoprom, n rom uncne IH, n cnny uero
yxasannte pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt nx nnx nocxr mpnnuecxn oxsarentnt xapaxrep.
Council Regulation (EC) no. 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the con-
trol of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items, Official Journal of the European
Union, L134, 29 May 2009. Cm. raxxe Wetter, A., Enforcing European Union Law on Exports of
Dual-use Goods, SIPRI Research Report no. 24 (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2009).
6
Anthony, I., Multilateral export controls, SIPRI Yearbook 2002, p. 752755.
7
Viski, A., The revised Nuclear Suppliers Group guidelines: a European Union perspective,
Non-proliferation Papers no. 15, EU Non-proliferation Consortium, May 2012, <http://www.non
proliferation.eu/activities/activities.php>.
8
The White House, President announces new measures to counter the threat of WMD, Remarks
at the National Defense University, Washington, DC, 11 Feb. 2004, <http://georgewbush-whitehouse.
archives.gov/news/releases/2004/02/200402114.html>; n Hibbs, M., The Future of the Nuclear Sup-
pliers Group (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Washington, DC, 2011), p. 29.
9
Hpoexr nepecmorpenntx nynxron 6 n 7 oxymenra INFCIRC 254/Part I or 20 noxpx
2008 r. onynnxonan n: McGoldrick, F., Limiting Transfers of Enrichment and Reprocessing
Technology: Issues, Constraints, Options (Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs: Cambridge, MA, May 2011), appendix 2.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 419
ocronepntx n nocneonarentntx npnunn nx nonyuennx norennnana oo-
ramennx ypana n nepepaorxn ronnnna nx oecneuennx rpaxancxo xep-
no nporpammt, (b) nosmoxnocrt roro, uro nepeaua oxaxer orpnnarent-
noe nosecrnne na cranntnocrt n esonacnocrt n rocyapcrne-nonyuarene
n (c) omym ocranonxy n nnane cranntnocrn n esonacnocrn
10
. CBA
npenoxnnn rpn ononnnrentntx cyexrnnntx xpnrepnx nx npeornpame-
nnx nocnponsneennx uyncrnnrentntx xepntx rexnonorn rocyapcrnamn,
ne onaammnmn xepntm opyxnem
11
. Onnm ns nnx tno ncnontsonanne
meroa uepnoro xmnxa, naroapx xoropomy nonyuarent ne yer nmert
ocryna x uyncrnnrentno rexnonornn, uro, no mnennm CBA, xnnxercx
otuno xommepuecxo npaxrnxo
12
.
Ocoenno ceptesnte pasnornacnx nosnnxnn n cnxsn c oexrnnntm rpe-
onannem nannunx ononnnrentnoro nporoxona x cornamennm o rapanrnxx.
Hpornn nero, no pasnnuntm coopaxennxm, ntcrynnnn Aprenrnna, Fpasnnnx
n RAP. Ho mnennm RAP, oponontno saxnmuaemte cornamennx, raxne xax
ononnnrentnt nporoxon, n npnnnnne ne moryr xnnxrtcx npemerom rpeo-
nann
13
. Hn Aprenrnna, nn Fpasnnnx ne nonnctnann ononnnrentnoro npo-
roxona c MAIAT3. 3rn crpant cosann Fpasnntcxo-aprenrnncxoe arenrcrno
no yuery n xonrponm xepntx marepnanon (AFAKK), xoropoe ecrnonano na
ocnonannn cornamennx o rapanrnxx, nonncannoro mexy nnm, Fpasnnne,
Aprenrnno n MAIAT3, ncnecrnne uero, no mnennm +rnx crpan, nonnca-
nne ononnnrentnoro nporoxona ne npecrannxnoct neoxonmtm
14
.
Px crpan, nxnmuax RAP, ntpasnnn oecnoxoennocrt rem, uro npenarae-
mte xpnrepnn mornn orpannunrt nx nosmoxnocrt pasnnnart cocrnennte rpax-
ancxne xepnte nporpammt n yymem
15
. Hecxontxo crpan, n rom uncne Kana-
a, Hnepnant, RAP n Typnnx, ntcrynnnn c nospaxennxmn npornn npeno-
xenntx n npoexre cyexrnnntx xpnrepnen
16
. Kpome roro, Kanaa n uncne
npounx ne cornacnnact c npenoxenntm CBA meroom uepnoro xmnxa
17
.

10
Revised Paragraph 6 and 7 of INFCIRC 254/Part I (cnocxa 9), p. 62.
11
Anthony, I. and Bauer, S., Controls on security-related international transfers, SIPRI
Yearbook 2009, p. 467.
12
US Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina shares concerns over proposed NSG restrictions
of enrichment and reprocessing technology transfers with visiting DOE NNSA Administrator
DAgostino, Cable to US State Department, no. 08BUENOSAIRES1552, 13 Nov. 2008, <http://
wikileaks.org/cable/2008/11/08BUENOSAIRES1552.html>.
13
Hibbs, M., New global rules for sensitive nuclear trade, Nuclear Energy Brief, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 28 July 2011, <http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/07/28/
new-global-rules-for-sensitive-nuclear-trade/4atv>; n US Embassy in Pretoria, South Africa:
amending NSG guidelines, Cable to the US State Department, no. 09PRETORIA2, 2 Jan. 2009,
<http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/01/09PRETORIA2.html>.
14
Agreement between the Republic of Argentina, the Federal Republic of Brazil, the Brazil-
ian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the International
Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards (Quadripartite Agreement), signed 13 Dec.
1991, <http://www.abacc.org.br/? page_id=150&lang=en>; n Viski (cnocxa 7).
15
Hibbs (cnocxa 13).
16
Viski (cnocxa 7).
17
US Embassy in Rome, G-8 nonproliferation directors group meeting, Cable to US State
Department, no. 09ROME1240, 10 Nov. 2011, <http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/11/09ROME
1240.html>; and US Embassy in Buenos Aires (cnocxa 12).
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 420
Ocnonntm n +rnx npennxx cran nonpoc o oocnonannn orpannuenn na
nocranxn cnxsanntx c ooramennem ypana n nepepaorxo ronnnna marepna-
non, rexnonorn n oopyonannx n o paspemenntx nnax npnmenennx ntco-
xoooramennoro ypana (BOY) n nnyronnx n rpaxancxnx nenxx. B nacroxmee
npemx cymecrnyer uertpe saxonntx nna npnmenennx BOY: n peaxropax na
tcrptx nerponax, n peaxropax aromntx nonontx noox, n nccneona-
rentcxnx peaxropax n nx narnocrnxn n neuennx n mennnne. Hnyronn n
rpaxancxnx nenxx npnmenxercx eme pexe, n rom uncne nx nonyuennx cme-
mannoro oxcnnoro ronnnna (MOKC-ronnnna), no on npecrannxer cymecr-
nenno ontmym yrposy n nnane pacnpocrpanennx, nocxontxy xonnuecrno
nnyronnx, neoxonmoe nx cosannx xepnoro oenpnnaca, nenennxo.

Pyroeoouue npuuuni noc.e nepec+ompa e 2011 e.

Yuacrnnxn nnenapnoro saceannx IH 2011 r. ne cmornn npnrn x corna-
cnm ornocnrentno ]opmynnponxn o oxsarentnom npnmenennn cyexrnnntx
xpnrepnen. Ho+romy onn oronopnnnct o rom, uro nocranxn xepntx rexnonorn
yyr ocymecrnnxrtcx npn ycnonnn nonncannx rocyapcrnom-nonyuarenem
ononnnrentnoro nporoxona o rapanrnxx n nonnoro conmennx raxnm rocy-
apcrnom ero oxsarentcrn nepe MAIAT3. B saxnmunrentnom saxnnennn
nnenapnoro saceannx 2011 r. coepxanact cctnxa na pemenne yxpennrt py-
xonoxmne npnnnnnt, a cam rexcr nepecmorpenntx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon
tn onynnxonan mecxn cnycrx n nepantno nore n apec MAIAT3
18
.
B 2011 r. nepecmorpy noneprnnct rnanntm opasom nynxr 6 pyxonox-
mnx npnnnnnon (Cnennantnt xonrpont n ornomennn +xcnopra uyncrnn-
rentntx ycranonox, rexnonorn n marepnanon) n nynxr 7 (Cnennantnte o-
ronopennocrn n ornomennn +xcnopra ycranonox, oopyonannx n rexnonornn
no ooramennm). B npetyme peaxnnn nynxra 7 coepxanoct cneymmee
rpeonanne: nonyuarent onxen sapyunrtcx cornacnem nocranmnxa, npexe
uem ncnontsonart nepeannte emy oexr nnn rexnonornm nx ooramennx
ypana o crenenn ntme 20%. B npetyme peaxnnn nomnmo rpeonannx x
nocranmnxam coecrnonart romy, urot nonyuarenn cornacnnnct... na yua-
crne nocranmnxa n/nnn na pyroe noxoxmee mnoronannonantnoe yuacrne,
]nxcnponanoct nnmt rpeonanne, urot nocranmnxn npoxnnxnn cepxan-
nocrt npn nepeaue uyncrnnrentntx ycranonox, rexnonornn n marepnanon,
npnrontx nx nponsnocrna xepnoro opyxnx nnn pyrnx xepntx nsptn-
ntx ycrpocrn, npn +rom ne ananoct nnxaxoro onpeenennx repmnny
cepxannocrt
19
. B peaxnnn 2011 r. nnepnte tnn ononnnrentno yroune-
nt ycnonnx nepeaun rexnonorn, nmemmnx ornomenne x ooramennm ypana
n nepepaorxe ronnnna, n uacrn, xacammecx pemenn o rom, cneyer nn ocy-
mecrnnxrt raxym nepeauy n xax ee nao npononrt, ecnn +ro neoxonmo.

18
Nuclear Suppliers Group, NSG public statement, NSG Plenary, Noordwijk, 2324 June
2011, <http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/05-pubblic.htm>; n MAIAT3. Coomenne,
nonyuennoe or nocroxnnoro npecrannrentcrna Hnepnanon npn Arenrcrne, ornocnrentno
Pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon +xcnopra xepnoro marepnana, oopyonannx n rexnonornn
nexoroptx rocyapcrn-unenon. INFCIRC254/Rev.10/Part I, 26 nmnx 2011 r.
19
MAIAT3, INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part 1 (cnocxa 4), n. 6 n 7.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 421
B coornercrnnn c nono peaxnne nynxron 6 n 7 pemenne o nepeaue
oexron, oopyonannx nnn rexnonorn, nmemmnx ornomenne x oorame-
nnm ypana n nepepaorxe ronnnna, npnnnmaercx npn ntnonnennn cneym-
mnx mnnnmantntx oexrnnntx xpnrepnen.
1. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent xnnxercx yuacrnnxom oronopa 1968 r. o ne-
pacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx (HO) n nonnocrtm ntnonnxer cnon
oxsarentcrna n cnxsn c +rnm oronopom
20
.
2. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent ne onpeenxercx n oxnae Cexperapnara
MAIAT3 n xauecrne napymnrenx cnonx oxsarentcrn.
3. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent npnepxnnaercx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH
n coomnno Conery Fesonacnocrn OOH, uro ono ocymecrnnxer +]]exrnnnt
+xcnoprnt xonrpont, xax +ro onpeeneno n Pesonmnnn 1540 CF OOH
21
.
4. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent saxnmunno c nocranmnxom mexnpannrent-
crnennoe cornamenne, oecneunnammee, n uacrnocrn, nencnontsonanne nx
nponsnocrna nsptnntx ycrpocrn +]]exrnnnoe npnmenenne rapanrn n re-
uenne neorpannuennoro cpoxa n neonymenne pe+xcnopra.
5. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent npnnxno oxsarentcrno nepe nocranmnxom
npnmenxrt nsanmno cornaconannte nopmt ]nsnuecxo samnrt na ocnone
conpemenntx mexynapontx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon.
6. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent conmaer nopmt esonacnocrn MAIAT3 n
npncoennnnoct x npnnxrtm mexynapontm xonnennnxm no esonacnocrn.
7. Iocyapcrno-nonyuarent nneno n ecrnne Cornamenne o nceoem-
nmmnx rapanrnxx n ononnnrentnt nporoxon... nnn, n oxnannn +roro,
npnepxnnaercx coornercrnymmnx cornamenn o rapanrnxx n corpynnuecr-
ne c MAIAT3, nxnmuax pernonantnym oronopennocrt o yuere n xonrpone
xepnoro marepnana, oopennym Conerom ynpannxmmnx MAIAT3
22
.
Honax peaxnnx pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon npecrannxer coo xomnpo-
mncc. Xorx nannune ononnnrentnoro nporoxona ne oosnaueno n nem n xaue-
crne oxsarentnoro ycnonnx, n rexcre yxasano, uro axe n rex cnyuaxx, xora
ecrnymr pernonantnte cornamennx o rapanrnxx, onxnt npenpnnnmartcx
ouennnte ycnnnx no saxnmuennm ononnnrentnoro nporoxona o rapanrnxx.
Onaxo AFAKK ntcrynnno c saxnnennem, n xoropom ncronxonano +ry ]opmy-
nnponxy xax nauano npnsnannx cornamennx mexy Aprenrnno, Fpasnnne n
MAIAT3 n xauecrne antrepnarnnt ononnnrentnomy nporoxony
23
.

20
Kparxoe coepxanne HO n pyrym nn]opmannm o nem cm. n ononnennn A x na-
croxmemy nsannm.
21
Pesonmnnx 1540 CF OOH, 28 anpenx 2004 r. B coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1540 nce rocy-
apcrna oxsant, nomnmo npouero, nosepxnnartcx or oxasannx xaxo-nno noepxxn nerocy-
apcrnenntm cyexram n paspaorxe, npnoperennn, nponsnocrne, onaannn, rpancnoprnpon-
xe, nepeaue nnn npnmenennn xepnoro, nonornuecxoro nnn xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n cpecrn
ero ocranxn. B ne npeycmorpent mpnnuecxne oxsarentcrna ncex rocyapcrn cosart
nannonantnte cncremt xonrponx nx npeornpamennx pacnpocrpanennx raxoro opyxnx, n
rom uncne nyrem nneennx nanexamero xonrponx sa coornercrnymmnmn marepnanamn.
22
MAIAT3, INFCIRC 254/Rev.10/Part I (cnocxa 18), n. 6.
23
ABACC, Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) recognizes the Quadripartite Agreement as an al-
ternative criterion to the Additional Protocol, 28 June 2011, <http://www.abacc.org.br/? p=3846>.
B saxnnennn AFAKK npnnonrcx nora Mnnncrepcrna nnocrpanntx en Fpasnnnn.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 422
Cyexrnnnte xpnrepnn ocrannct c]opmynnponanntmn neuerxo. B co-
ornercrnnn c nono peaxnne pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon nocranmnxn IH
onxnt npnnnmart raxxe no nnnmanne no cnoemy ycmorpennm na nanno-
nantnom yponne nmte coornercrnymmne ]axropt, xoropte moryr trt
npnmennmt. Ftn coxpanen repmnn nonnrnxa cepxannocrn, no npn +rom
oanneno, uro ona onxna npnmenxrtcx n uacrnocrn x crpanam, n xoroptx
pacnonoxent cyexrt, xnnxmmnecx npemerom ecrnymmnx n pamxax 2-
uacrn pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH (o cnxsanntx c xepno c]epo ronapax
nonoro npnmenennx) yneomnenn o orxasax, nocrynnnmnx or necxontxnx
npannrentcrn yuacrnnxon IH
24
.
Honax peaxnnx nynxra 7 noxpennxer npetymne nonoxennx. Tenept no-
cranmnxn onxnt crpemnrtcx x romy, urot rocyapcrno-nonyuarent npnnxno
na cex mpnnuecxn esycnonnoe oxsarentcrno, uro nepeanaemte ycranonxn,
oopyonanne n rexnonornn, cnxsannte c ooramennem ypana n nepepaorxo ro-
nnnna, ne yyr mon]nnnponartcx nnn +xcnnyarnponartcx nx nponsnocrna ypa-
na c ooramennem cntme 20%. Homnmo +roro x nocranmnxam npnmenxercx
ononnnrentnoe nonoe rpeonanne o rom, uro onn onxnt crpemnrtcx npo-
exrnponart n coopyxart ycranonxn no ooramennm nnn oopyonanne nx
+rnx nene raxnm opasom, urot ncxnmuanact n maxcnmantno npaxrnue-
cxo crenenn nosmoxnocrt nponsnocrna ypana c ooramennem cntme 20%.
Xorx n nono peaxnnn pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon n coepxnrcx npnstn x
rocyapcrnam npnnoxnrt xax moxno ontme ycnnn nx npeornpamennx
nocnponsneennx uyncrnnrentntx rexnonorn, n nee rax n ne tnn nxnmue-
nt ntnnnyrte CBA npenoxennx ornocnrentno meroa uepnoro xmnxa.
Cornacno nynxry 7 n nono ]opmynnponxe, cneyer nserart nepeaun +]-
]exrnnntx rexnonorn npoexrnponannx n nsroronnennx, npn +rom yrounx-
ercx, uro nocranmnx onxen onnartcx or nonyuarenx cornacnx npnnxrt ne-
peauy na ycnonnxx, xoropte ne nosnonxmr nnn ne amr nosmoxnocrn xonn-
ponart ycranonxn. Tem ne menee n pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnax cenano
ncxnmuenne, paspemammee corpynnuecrno n paspaorxe nosmoxntx nontx
rexnonorn ooramennx
25
.

Hpoune nonpocm, paccua1pnnanmnecn Ipynnon nepnmx
noc1anmnxon n 2011 r.

Yuacrnnxn nnenapnoro saceannx IH 2011 r. ocynnn nonpoct no-
cpennuecxo exrentnocrn n rpansnra n oronopnnnct paccmorpert napnan-
rt, xoropte nosnonxr nannyumnm opasom oxnarnrt nx n pyxonoxmnx npnn-
nnnax
26
. 3ro crano orpaxennem nsmenenn, nponsomemnx n onacrn xon-
rponx sa ropronne crparernuecxnmn ronapamn na nannonantnom n
mexynaponom yponne: renept n nenrpe nnnmannx n xoe ocyxenn, npn-
nxrnx pemenn n nx npaxrnuecxoro ocymecrnnennx oxasannct ne rontxo rpa-
nnnonnte nonpoct xonrponx sa +xcnoprom, no n onee mnpoxn xpyr ex-
rentnocrn, n rom uncne rpansnr, nepenanxy, ]nnancnponanne n nocpennue-

24
MAIAT3, INFCIRC 254/Rev.10/Part I (cnocxa 18), n. 6.
25
MAIAT3, INFCIRC 254/Rev.10/Part I (cnocxa 18), n. 7.
26
Nuclear Suppliers Group (cnocxa 18), p. 2.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 423
crno. 3ro tno ntsnano nsmenennxmn n xapaxrepe saxynox nx xepntx opy-
xentx nporpamm, pasnnrnem rexnonorn n mon]nxannxmn n rnoantntx
roprontx cxemax, pacmnpennem ocryna x ne nxnmuenntm n cnncxn ronapam
nonoro ncnontsonannx n rpeonannxmn Pesonmnnn 1540 CF OOH
27
.
Hapxy c npounmn na nnenapnom saceannn 2011 r. paccmarpnnannct no-
npoct conmennx ononnnrentntx nporoxonon o rapanrnxx n npoonxam-
maxcx paora no nepecmorpy ncxonoro n xonrpontnoro cnncxon ronapon
nonoro nasnauennx
28
. B npnnercrnennom ntcrynnennn npecrannrent Hn-
epnanon, re npononnoct conemanne, oxnnn o nponeennn mnccn no
paore c rocyapcrnamn, ne xnnxmmnmncx naprnepamn IH, ocrammnmncx
nne HO, n pxom npecrannxmmnx nnrepec pernonon, a raxxe c npann-
rentcrnamn nosmoxntx nontx yuacrnnxon rpynnt
29
. anee yuacrnnxn nne-
napnoro saceannx ocynnn oxna o paore co crpanamn, ne yuacrnymmnmn
n paore IH, n oxnnnn o paspaorxe pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon.
Kax n n npetymne rot, npannrentcrna-yuacrnnxn omenxnnct nn]op-
manne o crpanax n pernonax, ntstnammnx osaouennocrt n nnane pacnpocrpa-
nennx. B +ro cnxsn tnn orentno ynomxnyrt Hpan n Cenepnax Kopex. Cney-
er ormernrt, uro n xommmnnxe nnuero ne ronopnnoct o Cnpnn, xorx n yxasannom
npnnercrnennom cnone ntpaxanact oecnoxoennocrt no nonoy cenanntx
MAIAT3 saxnmuenn o neconmennn Cnpne ee oxsarentcrn
30
. Kpome roro, n
coornercrnnn c pyxonoxmnmn npnnnnnamn IH n cnyuae, ecnn Coner ynpan-
nxmmnx MAIAT3 courer, uro nonyuarent napymaer oxsarentcrna no rapanrn-
xm, n reuenne mecxna onxno trt cosnano nneouepenoe nnenapnoe saceanne,
na xoropom nocranmnxn paccmorpxr cnryannm, nponeyr cpannenne nanno-
nantntx nonnrnx n npnmyr pemenne o nanexamnx mepax pearnponannx
31
. Tem
ne menee nocne npnnxrnx Conerom 9 nmnx 2011 r. pemennx o napymennn Cn-
pne ee oxsarentcrn (pasen II) raxoro saceannx nponeeno ne tno
32
.

Bsau+oomuoueuu IBH c Huoue

Kax n oxnanoct, onnm ns xnmuentx nonpocon na nnenapnom sacea-
nnn 2011 r. crann nsanmoornomennx IH c Hnne, n ocoennocrn nonpoc o

27
Cm.: Bauer, S., Dunne, A. and Micic, I., Strategic trade controls: countering the prolifera-
tion of weapons of mass destruction, SIPRI Yearbook 2011. He nxnmuennte n cnncxn ronapt
nonoro nasnauennx ne nxnmuent nn n nannonantnte, nn n mexynaponte xonrpontnte
cnncxn, no moryr nonexart xonrponm n cnyuae nx npenonaraemoro ncnontsonannx n npo-
rpammax cosannx OMY nnn paxernoro opyxnx.
28
Hpemert, nxnmuennte n ncxont cnncox, onpeenxmrcx xax npemert, cnennantno
npenasnauennte nnn nororonnennte nx ncnontsonannx n xepno c]epe. MAIAT3,
INFCIRC 254/Rev.10/Part I (cnocxa 18). O ronapax nonoro npnmenennx cm. cnocxy 1.
29
Kronenburg, E., Secretary General of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Opening
speech, NSG Plenary, Noordwijk, 23 June 2011, <http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/bz/ docu-
menten-en-publicaties/toespraken/2011/06/24opening-speech-by-ed-kronenburg-secretary-general>.
30
Kronenburg (cnocxa 29).
31
MAIAT3, INFCIRC 254/Rev.10/Part I (cnocxa 18), n. 16(e).
32
IAEA, Board of Governors, Implementation of the NPT safeguards in the Syrian Arab Re-
public, Resolution, GOV/2011/41, 9 June 2011; n onxnocrnoe nnno ono ns crpan IH. Co-
omenne anropy, mapr 2012 r.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 424
rom, nonnnxer nn nepecmorp pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon na npano Hnnn nony-
uart ycranonxn, oopyonanne n rexnonornn no ooramennm ypana n nepepa-
orxe ronnnna n na nosmoxnocrt ee ncrynnennx n IH.
Bsanmoornomennx IH c Hnne xnnxmrcx onnm ns xnmuentx ]axro-
pon, onpeenxmmnx pasnnrne corpynnuecrna, nanpannenne ncxyccn mex-
y nocranmnxamn, a raxxe nx ecrnnx. Hepnte ncntrannx xepnoro nsptn-
noro ycrpocrna, nponeennte Hnne n 1974 r., nocnyxnnn npnunno cos-
annx IH. Hocxontxy Hnnx ne nonncana HO n orxasanact nomecrnrt
no nceoemnmmne rapanrnn ncm cnom xepnym exrentnocrt n oexrt,
yuacrnnxn IH oronopnnnct ne nocrannxrt n Hnnm xepnte marepnant,
oopyonanne, ycranonxn n rexnonornn. 3ro cornamenne n npnnnnne ecr-
nonano nnnort o 2008 r., xora no nnnnnarnne CBA, nocne nonncannx ame-
pnxano-nnncxoro Cornamennx o corpynnuecrne n c]epe rpaxancxo
xepno +neprernxn, IH cornacnnact cenart nx Hnnn ncxnmuenne ns
pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon
33
. Bosnpamenne Hnnn na mexynapont ptnox
xepntx marepnanon, oopyonannx n rexnonorn osnamenonanoct saxnmue-
nnem nycroponnnx cornamenn, nomnmo npouero, c Kanao, upannne,
Poccne, Bennxopnranne, CBA, a concem neanno n c Rxno Kopee
34
.
Hnnx sannrepeconana xax n nonyuennn oopyonannx n rexnonorn or nepe-
ontx xepntx nocranmnxon nx ocymecrnnennx cnoe macmrano npo-
rpammt pasnnrnx aromno +neprernxn, rax n n nocranxax oopyonannx n
cnennanncron n crpant, xenammne nauart nnn pasnnnart nponsnocrno
aromno +neprnn, n rom uncne raxne crpant, xax Hamnnx, xoropax moxer
nocrannxrt Hnnn ypan
35
.
Hnncxne nanmarenn ntpasnnn oecnoxoennocrt rem, uro n pesynt-
rare nepecmorpa n 2011 r. pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH nepecraner ecrno-
nart ncxnmuenne, cenannoe nx Hnnn n 2008 r. Peut ner o npnnxrom IH
n 2008 r. pemennn ne npnmenxrt x Hnnn rpeonanne o nonnomacmrantx
rapanrnxx, coepxameecx n nynxre 4 pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon, n xnntm o-
pasom paspemnrt nocranxn marepnanon, rexnonorn n oopyonannx, ynomx-
nyrte n nynxrax 6 n 7. B Hnnn sasnyuann onacennx ornocnrentno roro, uro
n coornercrnnn c nono peaxnne pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon crpana nnmnrcx

33
Ipynna xepntx nocranmnxon. 3axnnenne o corpynnuecrne c Hnne n rpaxancxo
xepno onacrn. Bneouepenoe nnenapnoe conemanne, 6 cenrxpx 2008 r., npnnoxenne x
oxymenry MAIAT3 INFCIRC/734 (Corrected), 19 cenrxpx 2008 r.; n Cornamenne o corpy-
nnuecrne mexy Hpannrentcrnom Hnnn n Hpannrentcrnom Coennenntx Braron Amepnxn,
xacammeecx mnpnoro ncnontsonannx aromno +neprnn, nonncannoe 10 oxrxpx 2008 r. n
ncrynnnmee n cnny 6 exapx 2008 r. Texcr cornamennx na anrnncxom xstxe: <http:// www.
state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/2008/>. O nnncxo-amepnxancxo nnnnnarnne no corpynnuecrny n
onacrn rpaxancxo aromno +neprernxn cm. n npetymnx ntnycxax Exeronnxa CHHPH.
O pemennn IH 2008 r. cm.: Anthony, I. and Bauer, S. (cnocxa 11), p. 467471. Panee xepnoe
ronnnno n Hnnm, n coornercrnnn c nonoxennxmn o rapanrnxx, yxe nocrannxna Poccnx. Cm.
ntme n Anthony (cnocxa 6).
34
Cornamenne mexy Hnne n Rxno Kopee o corpynnuecrne n onacrn rpaxan-
cxo xepno +neprernxn tno nonncano 25 nmnx 2011 r. Baruah, P., IndiaROK nuclear
cooperation: is it a winwin situation?, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 16 Aug. 2011,
<http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/india-rok-nuclear-cooperation-is-it-a-win-win-situation-3439.html>.
35
Hibbs (cnocxa 8), p. 11; n Rajiv, S. S. C., Indias accommodation in multi-lateral export
control regimes, Political and Defence Weekly (New Delhi), 9 Nov. 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 425
npana nonyuart rexnonornn ooramennx ypana n nepepaorxn ronnnna, no-
cxontxy ne xnnxercx yuacrnnxom HO
36
.
B xoe nnsnra n Hnnm n noxpe 2010 r. npesnenr CBA Fapax Oama
saxnnn, uro noepxnnaer nem o ncrynnennn Hnnn n IH n o ee npncoen-
nennn x pyrnm pexnmam +xcnoprnoro xonrponx, uro nocnyxnno nauanom
mexynapontx npenn no annomy nonpocy. Ocyxenne +ro remt npo-
onxnnoct no npemx nnsnra n Hnnm rocyapcrnennoro cexperapx CBA Xn-
napn Po+m Knnnron n ]enpane 2011 r.
37
B oxymenre Hnma nx pasmtmne-
nnx, pacnpocrpanennom 23 max 2011 r. CBA cpen pyrnx unenon IH, t-
nn npenoxent na napnanra npncoennennx Hnnn x rpynne: nyrem
nepecmorpa xpnrepnen, xoroptm onxnt orneuart unent rpynnt raxnm o-
pasom, urot moxno tno rouno onncart cnryannm Hnnn, nnn, npnsnan,
uro ne nce xpnrepnn, onynnxonannte n xauecrne ]axropon, npnnnmaemtx no
nnnmanne npn ncrynnennn n IH, onxnt trt conment
38
.
Yuacrnnxn nnenapnoro saceannx IH 2011 r. ne npnnxnn pemennx o ncryn-
nennn Hnnn n rpynny, xorx n saxnmunrentnom saxnnennn n ynomnnaercx ror ]axr,
uro +ror nonpoc ocyxancx. B uncne croponnnxon npnnxrnx Hnnn, orxptro
saxnnnmnx o cnoe nosnnnn, tnn upannnx n Poccnx
39
. Px crpan ntcrynnnn
npornn raxoro mara, no ne saxnnnn o +rom orxptro
40
. Bepoxrno, rpynna nosononnr
ocyxenne +ro remt na nnenapnom saceannn 2012 r., xoropoe cocronrcx n CBA.
Bnonne nosmoxno, uro npennx no +romy nonpocy nonnexyr sa coo n ocyxenne
onee mnpoxo remt rpeonann x unenam rpynnt n nopxxa npnnxrnx pemenn
41
.


Kumacrue nocmaeru e Harucmau

Px nanmarene ntpasnnn oecnoxoennocrt rem, uro ncxnmuenne,
cenannoe IH nx Hnnn, nocnyxnr npeneenrom nx pyrnx crpan, n ua-
crnocrn, orxpoer nyrt nx antnemero corpynnuecrna mexy Knraem n
Haxncranom, uro yer upenaro noptnom onepnx x IH
42
.
B 2010 r. Knra yxasan, uro npoonxnr nocranxy n Haxncran nyx
nontx rpaxancxnx xepntx +neprernuecxnx peaxropon (uamma-3 n uam-

36
Varadarajan, S., NSG ends India's clean waiver, The Hindu, 24 June 2011; n Varadara-
jan, S., Challenges ahead for Indias nuclear diplomacy, The Hindu, 1 Nov. 2011.
37
The White House, Joint statement by President Obama and Prime Minister Singh of India,
8 Nov. 2010, <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/08/joint-statement-president-
obama-and-prime-minister-singh-india>; Rajiv (cnocxa 35); n Nayar, K. P., US push for nuclear
club entry, The Telegraph (Kolkata), 17 Feb. 2011.
38
Horner, D., NSG revises rules on sensitive exports, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 6
(July/Aug. 2011). uaxropt, npnnnmaemte no nnnmanne npn npnnxrnn rocyapcrna n IH,
nepeuncnent n oxymenre MAIAT3, Coomenne or 1 oxrxpx 2009 r., nonyuennoe or Hocro-
xnnoro npecrannrenx Benrpnn or nmenn npannrentcrn, yuacrnymmnx n paore Ipynnt
xepntx nocranmnxon, INFCIRC/539/Rev.4, 5 noxpx 2009 r.
39
France not bound by new NSG restrictions on nuclear sales to India, The Hindu, 24 Oct.
2011; n Radyuhin, V., Russia assures India on ENR, The Hindu, 15 July 2011.
40
Krishnan, A., China calls for dialogue on Indias NSG entry, The Hindu, 18 Nov. 2011.
41
Hibbs (cnocxa 8), p. 2328.
42
Hibbs, M., The breach, Foreign Policy, 4 June 2010.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 426
ma-4)
43
. annax nocranxa ocymecrnnxercx n coornercrnnn c saxnmuenntm n
2003 r. nycroponnnm cornamennem, o xoropom Knra coomnn IH npn
ncrynnennn n rpynny n 2004 r. Kax yrnepxaer Knra, nx ntnonnennx sa-
xnmuenno n 2003 r. cenxn oopenne IH ne rpeyercx, nocxontxy Knra
npncoennnncx x rpynne rontxo n 2004 r. Xorx px unenon IH pasenxmr
+ro mnenne, CBA nacrannamr na rom, uro +ro rax nastnaemoe nonoxenne o
npemecrnonannn ne moxer trt npnmeneno na ocnonannn nn]opmannn,
npeocrannenno Knraem IH npn ncrynnennn n rpynny
44
. B orner na +ry cn-
ryannm IH morna t norn no onomy ns cneymmnx nyre: (a) art mon-
uannnoe cornacne, (b) sa]nxcnponart necornacne, no ne npenpnnnmart nnxa-
xnx ecrnn, (c) xnntm opasom npnsnart, uro n annom cnyuae npnmennmo
nonoxenne o npemecrnonannn, (d) oronopnrtcx c Knraem o rom, uro no-
cnenn npoonxnr ntnonnenne +ro cenxn, no nosepxnrcx or +xcnopra
peaxropon n antnemem, (e) nacroxrt na rom, uro Knra onxen nonyunrt
xnno ntpaxennoe ncxnmuenne na ocnonannn npeneenra Hnnn nnn ( f ) npn-
snart Knra npnocranonnrt +xcnopr o cornaconannx xonxperntx ycnonn
nocranxn n Haxncran
45
. Ha +rom npnmepe oruernnno nnno, nacxontxo neo-
nosnauno nonoxenne o npemecrnonannn n cnoxno oecneunrt npnmenenne
ne nmemmnx mpnnuecxo cnnt pyxonoxmnx npnnnnnon IH.
Ocyxenne anntx nonpocon crnmynnponann n ne nornepxennte
xnracxnm npannrentcrnom coomennx o rom, uro Knra n Haxncran ocyx-
amr nosmoxnocrt nocranxn ycranonxn uamma-5 n eme nyx xepntx peax-
ropon (nroporo n rpertero peaxropon nx aromno crannnn n Kapaun)
46
.

Hepcnex1nnm xon1ponn sa nepnmu +xcnop1ou

Xorx +]]exrnnnte cncremt xonrponx sa +xcnoprom nosnonxr cosart
neoxonmym ocnony nx samenennx remnon nnn npeornpamennx pacnpo-
crpanennx, onn npecrannxmr coo ncero nnmt onn ns +nemenron +]]ex-
rnnnoro noxoa x nepacnpocrpanennm. Cosanne raxnx cncrem ncera

43
Dyer, G., Bokhari, F. and Lamont, J., China to build reactors in Pakistan, Financial Times,
28 Apr. 2010. Panee Knra yxe nocrannn Haxncrany na peaxropa (uamma-1 n uamma-2) n
coornercrnnn c nycroponnnm cornamennem o corpynnuecrne n onacrn rpaxancxo xep-
no +neprernxn, saxnmuennom n 1991 r. Miglani, S., China pursues Pakistan nuclear deal; di-
lemma in West, Reuters, 15 Dec. 2010, <http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL3E6
NF08Q20101215>; n Hibbs (cnocxa 8), p. 2, 16.
44
Hibbs (cnocxa 8), p. 15. Onnm ns rocyapcrn, ntpaxammnx cornacne c xnracxnm no-
nnmannem, xnnxercx Iepmannx. Meier, O., Germany opposes United States on ChinaPakistan
nuclear deal, Arms Control Now, Arms Control Association, 21 June 2011, <http://armscontrol
now.org/2011/06/21/germany-opposes-united-states-on-china-pakistan-nuclear-deal/>.
45
Hibbs (cnocxa 8), p. 15.
46
Krishnan, A., Pakistan eyeing Chinas new 1000-MW reactor, The Hindu, 15 Nov. 2011.
Kax coomaercx, n noxpe 2010 r. Haxncrancxax xomnccnx no aromno +neprnn nonncana c
Hannonantno aromno xopnopanne Knrax cornamenne o crponrentcrne 5-ro noxa A3C
uamma. Hn]opmannx o nropom n rpertem peaxropax A3C n Kapaun noxa ne nonyunna
nornepxennx. World Nuclear Association, Nuclear power in Pakistan, Aug. 2011, <http://
www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf108.html>; n Pakistan signs accord for fifth Chinese reactor at
Chashma, Nucleonics Week, 18 Nov. 2010.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 427
onxno paccmarpnnartcx xax ononnenne x HO, a raxxe x pyrnm noxo-
am n onacrn nepacnpocrpanennx, raxnm xax ycnnnx no paspaorxe n no-
cranxe ycrounntx x pacnpocrpanennm rexnonorn. Onn ns xnmuentx no-
npocon xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx ornomennx mexy IH n rocyapcr-
namn, onaammnmn xepntm opyxnem, no ocrammnmncx nne HO n
IH. Bectma naxen n recno cnxsan c npetymnm n nonpoc o onepnn, npn-
uem ne rontxo n ornomennxx mexy nxrepxo xepntx rocyapcrn n ocrant-
ntm mnpom, no n onepnn x pannonecnm mexy nnrepecamn nepacnpocrpa-
nennx n xommepuecxnmn.
B yymem npnercx yunrtnart ]axrop oxnaemoro pacmnpennx ocry-
na x xepntm marepnanam n rexnonornxm n cnxsn c onee axrnnntm ncnont-
sonannem aromno +neprnn, a raxxe cnpoc na pacmnpenne unencxoro cocrana
IH, xoropoe, nepoxrno, sa +rnm nocneyer. B +ro cnxsn npnmeuarenen npn-
mep Iepmannn, nornepnnme cnoe pemenne nonnocrtm orxasartcx or arom-
no +neprnn. Ho noxa ne xcno, nacxontxo nsmenxrcx nannonantnte nnant
pasnnrnx aromno +neprernxn n pesyntrare xaracrpo]t na xnoncxo aromno
+nexrpocrannnn uyxycnma-1 n 2011 r.
Xorx nepeonte aromnte rexnonornn n naxoxrcx n pyxax ysxoro xpyra
nocranmnxon na nporxxennn mnornx ner, cnryannx nenpeptnno menxercx.
Homnmo roro, uro noxnnnnct nonte crpant, onaammne norennnanamn nx
cosannx xepnoro opyxnx, nsmennnnct cxemt paort nesaxonntx cere sa-
xynxn: onn npncnoconnnct x orpannuennxm na npxmo +xcnopr ronapon
nonoro nasnauennx ns crpan-nponsnonrene sa cuer ycnoxnennx cenox n
ncnontsonannx ne nxnmuenntx n cnncxn ronapon, necmorpx na uacro ment-
mym orauy or nnx. Bcnecrnne +roro npnnnmaemte pemennx n yuacrne n
xonrpone sa xepntm +xcnoprom (xax n ycnnnx no opte c pacnpocrpanenn-
em n onee mnpoxom nnane) npnercx n nnpet aanrnponart c yuerom nsan-
moornomenn co crpanamn, ne xnnxmmnmncx unenamn IH, n nonnoro cnex-
rpa nnon exrentnocrn no ropronne ronapamn, nmemmnmn ornomenne x
xepno c]epe, n rom uncne nocpennuecxo exrentnocrn, rpansnra, nepe-
nanxn n ]nnancnponannx, a raxxe neocxsaemtx nocranox rexnonorn.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 428
VI. MEYHAPOHOE COTPYHHuECTBO B OFHACTH
HEPACHPOCTPAHEHH, KOHTPOH
HA BOOPYEHHMH H EPHOH FE3OHACHOCTH

Bennon H. KAHH

Pesonmnnn 1977 Cone1a Besonacnoc1n OOH

20 anpenx 2011 r. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennoymno nporonoconan
sa npnnxrne Pesonmnnn 1977 o nponennn na ecxrnnernn cpox manara
xomnrera, cosannoro nx xonrponx sa conmennem rocyapcrnamn n coe-
crnnx nm n ntnonnennn Pesonmnnn 1540
1
. C momenra npnnxrnx n 2004 r. Pe-
sonmnnx 1540 nonyunna npnsnanne n xauecrne npanono ocnont nx nenoro
xpyra nannonantntx n mexynapontx meponpnxrn no npornnoecrnnm
pacnpocrpanennm n opte c reppopnsmom, n rom uncne no xonrponm sa +xc-
noprom n nepenanxo n nenxx npeornpamennx nesaxonnoro oopora ronapon,
cnxsanntx c opyxnem macconoro ynnuroxennx (OMY)
2
. Hpnnxroe pemenne o
nponennn manara Komnrera 1540, xax coomanoct, crano pesyntrarom xom-
npomncca mexy remn unenamn Conera Fesonacnocrn, xoropte ntcrynann sa
saxpennenne +roro oprana na nocroxnno ocnone, n remn, xro noepxnnan
nem nponennx ero manara na onee orpannuennt cpox
3
. B coornercrnnn c
Pesonmnne 1977 Komnrer 1540 onxen nponecrn onn ncecroponnn osop
cnoe paort no ncreuennn nxrnnernero cpoxa n eme onn raxo osop ne-
pe nosononnennem cnoero manara n 2021 r. Ho nroram yxasanntx osopon
Komnrer nororonnr oxnat Conery Fesonacnocrn c pexomenannxmn no
xoppexrnponxe +roro manara
4
.
Coner Fesonacnocrn nocranonnxer n Pesonmnnn 1977, uro Komnrer 1540
onxen n npnopnrernom nopxxe paorart na pacmnpennem nosmoxnocre
rocyapcrn no ntnonnennm Pesonmnnn 1540, a ne ntxnnxrt neopaorxn n
+ro onacrn. C +ro nentm xomnrer mor t npeocrannxrt coornercrnymmne
pecypct, oprannsontnart nororonxy nepconana n oxastnart rexnnuecxoe co-
ecrnne rocyapcrnam, y xoroptx nmemrcx rpynocrn n paspaorxe nnn pea-
nnsannn npanontx nnn perynxropntx mep, nanpannenntx na npeornpamenne
pacnpocrpanennx OMY. Kpome roro, n +ro pesonmnnn x xomnrery opamena
npocta ntxnnxrt +]]exrnnnym npaxrnxy, cranaprnte ]opmt n pyxono-
crna n onacrxx, na xoropte pacnpocrpanxercx ecrnne Pesonmnnn 1540, a

1
Pesonmnnn 1540 n 1977 CF OOH, npnnxrte coornercrnenno 28 anpenx 2004 r. n
20 anpenx 2011 r.
2
Onenxy anno pesonmnnn c npanono rouxn spennx cm.: hlstrm, C., United Nations
Security Council Resolution 1540: non-proliferation by means of international legislation, SIPRI
Yearbook 2007, p. 460473.
3
Crail, P., UN bolsters WMD nonproliferation body, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 4
(May 2011). Panee Coner Fesonacnocrn yxe nponenan manar xomnrera, cosannoro n coor-
nercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1540 na nyxnernn cpox n 2006 r. n na rpexnernn cpox n 2008 r.
Pesonmnnn CF 1673 or 27 anpenx 2006 r. n 1810 or 25 anpenx 2008 r.
4
Pesonmnnx 1977 CF OOH (cnocxa 1), n. 3.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 429
raxxe nororonnrt n nomomt rocyapcrnam rexnnuecxoe cnpanounoe nocone
no npnmenennm nonoxenn pesonmnnn
5
. nx coecrnnx +ro paore xomnre-
ry paspemaercx cosart paouym rpynny no rexnnuecxnm nonpocam n cocrane
ne onee noctmn +xcnepron. Taxxe Coner Fesonacnocrn oparnncx x xomnrery
c nacroxrentntm npnstnom nananrt nsanmoecrnne c xomnerenrntmn me-
xynapontmn n pernonantntmn oprannsannxmn n nonpocnrt raxne oprann-
sannn o nasnauennn coornercrnymmnx xoopnnaropon n xonraxrntx nnn.


Hponenne cpoxa enc1nnn Inoantnoro nap1nepc1na Ipynnm noctun

Fyyun oecnoxoent yrposo nonaannx xepnoro marepnana n pyxn ne-
rocyapcrnenntx cyexron, xoropte moryr ncnontsonart nx n reppopncrn-
uecxnx nenxx, neymne pasnnrte rocyapcrna npnnxnn pemenne o ntenennn
pecypcon nx yxpennennx nannonantntx mep pxa crpan no samnre xepntx
marepnanon n oexron. 3ra oecnoxoennocrt tna xnno ntpaxena n peme-
nnn o cosannn Inoantnoro naprnepcrna npornn pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx n
marepnanon macconoro ynnuroxennx, npnnxrom n xoe cammnra Ipynnt
noctmn, cocroxnmemcx n 2002 r. n Kananacxnce, Kanaa
6
. Hentm Inoantnoro
naprnepcrna tno saxnneno oxasanne noepxxn npoexram corpynnuecrna,
nanpannenntm na pemenne nponem n onacrn nepacnpocrpanennx, pasopy-
xennx, optt c reppopnsmom n oecneuennx xepno esonacnocrn. Iocy-
apcrna-naprnept oxsannct n reuenne 10 ner ntennrt na +rn nenn o
20 mnn onn. CBA.
27 max 2011 r. na cammnre n onnnne, upannnx, rnant rocyapcrn n npa-
nnrentcrn crpan Ipynnt noctmn oxnnnn o rom, uro onn oronopnnnct no-
cne ncreuennx cpoxa ecrnnx n 2012 r. nponnrt ecrnne Inoantnoro
naprnepcrna na neonpeenennt nepno, n nacroxrentno npnsnann pyrne
rocyapcrna npnnxrt yuacrne n ero exrentnocrn
7
. B nenrpe nnnmannx npo-
nenno nporpammt no-npexnemy ocranyrcx npnopnrert, yrnepxennte na
cammnre Ipynnt noctmn n 2008 r.
8
K uncny raxontx ornocxrcx rnanntm opa-
som yxpennenne panannonno esonacnocrn, oecneuenne noesonacnocrn,
coecrnne peannsannn na nannonantnom yponne +xcnoprnoro xonrponx n
coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1540 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH
9
. Hpn +rom nn-
ept nnont nornepnnn cnom sannrepeconannocrt n sanepmennn npoexron
nepnoouepeno naxnocrn n Poccnn
10
.

5
Pesonmnnx 1977 CF OOH (cnocxa 1), n. 12.
6
Cammnr 2002 r. Ipynnt noctmn n Kananacxnce. Inoantnoe naprnepcrno noctmepxn
npornn pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx n marepnanon macconoro ynnuroxennx, 27 nmnx 2002 r.
Kparxym nn]opmannm o Ipynne noctmn n nepeuent ee unenon cm. n ononnennn B.
7
G8 Deauville Summit 2011, Report on the G8 Global Partnership against the Spread of
Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, 2627 May 2011.
8
G8 Deauville Summit 2011, G8 Global Partnership: assessment and options for future pro-
gramming, 2627 May 2011.
9
G8 Hokkaido Summit 2008, Report on the G8 Global Partnership, 8 July 2008, <http://
www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2008hokkaido/2008-gp.pdf>, para. 33.
10
Hepnonauantno npoexrnax exrentnocrt Inoantnoro naprnepcrna tna cocpeorouena
na nxrn ocnonntx nanpannennxx, npenmymecrnenno n Poccnn: (a) crponrentcrno npenpn-
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 430
Hnept crpan Ipynnt noctmn ne anann oxsarentcrn ornocnrentno
ntenennx xonxperntx cymm na oecneuenne exrentnocrn Inoantnoro
naprnepcrna. 23 rocyapcrna, yuacrnymmne n +ro nnnnnarnne, ocyxr no-
rpenocrn n coecrnnn n ononnnrentnte npoexrt no ymentmennm yr-
post, n nnocnecrnnn naprnept yyr npnnnmart pemennx o ]nnancnpo-
nannn raxnx npoexron na nannonantno, conmecrno nnn mnorocroponne
ocnone
11
.


Ocyaenne nonpoca o unoroc1oponneu xon1pone na nepnmun
noopyaennnun n pauxax nn1epxn

C 30 nmnx no 1 nmnx 2011 r. npecrannrenn nxrn nocroxnntx unenon
Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (rocyapcrn nxrepxn: Knrax, upannnn, Poc-
cnn, Bennxopnrannn n CBA), ononpemenno xnnxmmnxcx npnsnanntmn n
coornercrnnn c oronopom 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx
(HO) rocyapcrnamn, onaammnmn xepntm opyxnem, ncrpernnnct n
Hapnxe, upannnx, nx ocyxennx nonpoca o ntnonnennn oxsarentcrn,
npnnxrtx na Kon]epennnn 2010 r. no paccmorpennm ecrnnx HO, a
raxxe ocnonanntx na corpynnuecrne noxoon x ocymecrnnennm mep yx-
pennennx rpancnapenrnocrn n onepnx (MF) n xepno onacrn
12
. Panee, n
2009 r., rocyapcrna nxrepxn yxe npononnn noonym xon]epennnm no
mepam yxpennennx onepnx n nenxx xepnoro pasopyxennx n nepacnpocrpa-
nennx n Honone
13
. Hx npecrannrenn ntcrynnnn c conmecrntm saxnnenn-
em, nornepnnmnm pemnmocrt npenpnnxrt xonxpernte marn nx coxpa-
mennx xonnuecrna n ymentmennx ponn xepnoro opyxnx n mnpe n nontme-
nnx rpancnapenrnocrn nx apcenanon n coornercrnnn c oxsarentcrnamn
npecrannxemtx nmn rocyapcrn no nnany ecrnn, cornaconannomy n 3a-
xnmunrentnom oxymenre Kon]epennnn 2010 r. no paccmorpennm ecrnnx
HO
14
.
Homnmo +roro npecrannrenn rocyapcrn nxrepxn oxsannct nana-
nrt mnorocroponnn nanor na perynxpno ocnone no nonpocam rpancna-

xrn no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx; (b) emonrax cnxrtx c noopyxennx poccncxnx
aromntx nonontx noox; (c) oecneuenne rpyoycrpocrna yuentx, panee sanxrtx n cos-
annn OMY, n mnpntx rpaxancxnx onacrxx; (d) yrnnnsannx pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon
opyxenoro nasnauennx n (e) ynyumenne ]nsnuecxo samnrt npomtmnenntx oexron n
oecneuenne coxpannocrn xepntx marepnanon.
11
G8 Deauville Summit 2011, G8 Declaration: renewed commitment for freedom and de-
mocracy, 2627 May 2011, para. 78; n G8 Deauville Summit 2011, Declaration on non-prolife-
ration and disarmament, 2627 May 2011, para. 25.
12
First P5 Follow-up Meeting to the NPT Review Conference, Final Joint Press Statement,
Paris, 1 July 2011, <http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/2886687EC0070109C32578C00058F9B5>.
Kparxoe coepxanne HO n pyrym nn]opmannm o nem cm. n ononnennn A.
13
British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, P5 statement on disarmament and non-
proliferation issues, 9 Sep. 2009, <http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latestnews/?view=News&id=
20804873>.
14
2010 NPT Review Conference, Final Document, NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), 28 May
2010, <http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/confdocs.shtml>, p. 1929.
KOHTPOHB HA BEPHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 431
penrnocrn, nponepxn n MF n xepno onacrn. B xauecrne nepnoro mara
onn omenxnnct nn]opmanne o xepntx oxrpnnax n norennnanax n oo-
pnnn nem cosannx paoue rpynnt no onpeenennxm n repmnnonornn n
xepno c]epe. Kpome roro, onn ocynnn rexnnuecxne rpynocrn, cnxsan-
nte c nponepxo xepnoro pasopyxennx n oronopnnnct nponecrn ononnn-
rentnte xoncyntrannn na yponne +xcnepron no +ro reme. Taxxe onn npn-
nxnn pemenne nponecrn rpertm xon]epennnm rocyapcrn nxrepxn no no-
npocam rpancnapenrnocrn n MF n xepno c]epe n xonrexcre conemannx
Komnrera no nororonxe x Kon]epennnn no paccmorpennm ecrnnx HO
n anpenemae 2012 r.
15


15
Kimball, D. G., Nuclear-weapon states meet in Paris, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 6
(July/Aug. 2011).
9. COKPAmEHHE YIPO3 BE3OHACHOCTH
OT XHMHHECKHX H BHOAOIHHECKHX
MATEPHAAOB


KPATKHH OF3OP

B 2011 e. eocyoapcmea ua +e+oyuapoouo+, peeuoua.iuo+ u uauoua.i-
uo+ ypoeux npooo.+u.u paspaoomry cmpameeu, uanpae.euuix ua npeoom-
epaueuue ueuao.e+aueeo ucno.isoeauu morcu:ecrux xu+u:ecrux u ouo.o-
eu:ecrux +amepua.oe u ycmpaueuue noc.eocmeu maroeo ucno.isoeauu.
Ha Ceoi+o oosopuo rouqepeuuu eocyoapcme y:acmuuroe Koueeu-
uu 1972 e. o sanpeueuuu paspaoomru, npouseoocmea u uaron.euu sanacoe
oarmepuo.oeu:ecroeo (ouo.oeu:ecroeo) u morcuuuoeo opy+u u oo ux yuu:-
mo+euuu (KBTO) cmopoui ooeoeopu.uci nocemumi mpemu +e+ceccuou-
ui nepuoo oocy+oeuum, a mar+e oocmu+euum ooue mo:ru speuu u
oqqermueuocmu npoeoou+ix oecmeu e cqepe compyouu:ecmea u no+ouu.
Kpo+e moeo, oi.o peueuo npoeecmu oosop coomeemcmeymuux uay:uo-
mexuu:ecrux oocmu+euu u cmu+y.upoeami, cpeou npo:eeo, uauoua.iuie
+epi no eino.ueuum roueeuuu. Hec+omp ua o+uoauu +uoeux eocyoapcme
u aua.umuroe, :mo KBTO oyoem rar-.uoo noorpen.eua (uanpu+ep, oono.-
uume.iui+u +epa+u no ynpo:euum ee uucmumyuoua.iuo po.u u opyeu+u
onepamueui+u u.u nparmu:ecru+u uaea+u), no.umu:ecra oocmauoera ua
rouqepeuuu no+eua.a eipaoomre noeecmru +e+ceccuouuoeo npoecca,
opueumupoeauuoeo e oo.iue cmeneuu ua oecmeu u npuumue peueuu.
Taru+ oopaso+, ua.uo nocmyname.iuoe oeu+euue, cqorycupoeauuoe ua ca-
+o+ npoecce (c+. pasoe. I uacmoue e.aei).
Ha 16- Kouqepeuuu eocyoapcme y:acmuuroe Koueeuuu 1993 e. o sa-
npeueuuu xu+u:ecroeo opy+u (KXO), npousoue. oo+eu sae.euu+u +e+oy
Hpauo+ u Coeouueuui+u Lmama+u, om:acmu ompasueuu oouym +e+oy-
uapoouym uanp+euuocmi e omuoueuuu xaparmepa u e.e oepuo oe-
me.iuocmu Hpaua (c+. pasoe. II). Poccu u CLA noomeepou.u, :mo ouu ue
c+oeym saeepuumi yuu:mo+euue ceoux sanacoe xu+u:ecroeo opy+u r yc-
mauoe.euuo+y KXO cpory, 29 anpe. 2012 e., uo, me+ ue +euee, oosymmc
coe.ami omo rar +o+uo cropee. Ho sar.m:euum Opeauusauu no sanpeue-
uum xu+u:ecroeo opy+u (O3XO), Hpar oocmue ycnexoe e yuu:mo+euuu oo-
ermoe no npouseoocmey xu+u:ecroeo opy+u. Koucy.imamueua epynna orc-
nepmoe npu Ieuepa.iuo+ oupermope O3XO npeocmaeu.a ceo sar.m:ume.i-
ui om:em no pesy.imama+ oosopa eino.ueuu KXO, yoe.ue ocoooe
euu+auue mo+y, rar ueooxoou+o opeauusoeami oeme.iuocmi no pea.usauu
Koueeuuu noc.e saeepueuu yuu:mo+euu sanacoe xu+u:ecroeo opy+u e
2012 e. Ieuepa.iui oupermop coe+ecmuo c eocyoapcmea+u-:.eua+u u Hc-
no.uume.iui+ coeemo+ O3XO ucno.isoea. npoecc nooeomoeru om:ema o.
paspaoomru pyroeoocmea no coe.acoeauuo no.umure e omuoueuuu oa.iue-
uux saoa: nepeocmeneuuo ea+uocmu u npoepa++ O3XO e npeooeepuu
Tpemie rouqepeuuu no pacc+ompeuum oecmeu KXO, romopa cocmoum-
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 433
c e 2013 e. B cesu c omu+ e om:eme npeocmae.eu po +eponpumu, omee-
:amuux no.umu:ecru+ u mexuu:ecru+ mpeooeauu+, r romopi+ Ieuepa.i-
ui oupermop +o+em oopauamic c e.im pascueuu noc.eoymuux oe-
cmeu Texuu:ecroeo cerpemapuama. B om:eme mar+e ompa+eu nepexoo
pe+u+a KXO r uoei+ npuopumemui+ saoa:a+, romopie cmauym oo.ee o:e-
euoui+u noc.e .ureuoauu sanacoe xu+u:ecroeo opy+u.
Bo epe+ epa+oaucro eoui e Hueuu eicrasiea.uci onaceuu, :mo
pe+u+ Mya++apa Kaooaqu +o+em ucno.isoeami sanac ocmamo:uoeo cep-
uucmoeo unpuma o. oopioi c aumunpaeume.icmeeuui+u oe+oucmpauma+u
u eoopy+euui+u noecmau:ecru+u epynnupoera+u. Hoooouie onaceuu ei-
crasiea.uci u e omuoueuuu npoucxo+oeuu u npu+eueuu eos+o+uix sana-
coe xu+u:ecroeo u oarmepuo.oeu:ecroeo opy+u e Cupuu eo epe+ oouecm-
eeuuix oecnoporoe u rouq.urmoe e omo cmpaue (c+. pasoe. III). B uoope
2011 e. o. npoeepru coooueuu o ueooe.euuix sanacax xu+u:ecroeo opy-
+u O3XO uanpaeu.a e Hueum cneua.iuym uucneruouuym epynny, romopa
noomeepou.a, :mo pe+u+ Kaooaqu crpi. uuqop+aum o cyuecmeoeauuu
cr.aoa xu+u:ecroeo opy+u. Tom qarm, :mo O3XO ue c+oe.a pasoo.a:umi
.o+uie sae.euu Hueuu oo ceep+euu Kaooaqu e 2011 e., nocmaeu. noo
eonpoc cnocoouocmi omo opeauusauu eie.mi uapyueuu e e.o+, a
mar+e cnpoeoupoea. npusiei nepec+ompemi eepuqurauouui pe+u+
KXO, oouaro cesi omo npoo.e+i c no.o+euu+u Koueeuuu, onpeoe.m-
uu+u +exauus+ uucneru no sanpocy, oi.a ooooeua euu+auue+.
Hayra u mexuo.oeu, a mar+e ucc.eooeauu e coomeemcmeymuux oo-
.acmx +oeym cepiesuo noe.umi ua ycu.u no npeoomepaueuum npu+eueuu
xu+u:ecroeo u ouo.oeu:ecroeo opy+u, peaeupoeauum u ocyuecme.euum +ep
no ycmpaueuum noc.eocmeu maroeo npu+eueuu (c+. pasoe. IV). B :acmuo-
cmu, ucc.eooeauu nmu:ieeo epunna npuee.u r poy nparmu:ecrux eieoooe o
mo+, :mo, eepomuo, uay:uie usicrauu c.eoyem oeuueami c mo:ru speuu
ux npu+eueuu e +upuix e.x u usoeeami ux xaparmepucmuru c mo:ru spe-
uu nomeuua.iuo yeposi oesonacuocmu. ucryccuu ua omy me+y sampaeu-
eamm u marue cqepi, rar quuaucupoeauue ucc.eooeauu, nyo.urau +ame-
pua.oe (uanpu+ep, omcymcmeue eouuix +e+oyuapoouix cmauoapmoe), co-
e.acoeauue npuuunoe e oo.acmu uaosopa sa uay:ui+u ucc.eooeauu+u, a
mar+e pas.u:ue e nooxooax r coe.acoeauum u npu+eueuum cmauoapmoe e
oo.acmu ooecne:euu oesonacuocmu.

xon XAPT
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 434
I. KOHTPOHI HA FHOHOIHuECKHMH BOOPYEHHMH
H PA3OPYEHHE

xon XAPT

Ocnonntmn cotrnxmn n c]epe xonrponx na nonornuecxnm opyxnem
n 2011 r. crann Cetmax osopnax xon]epennnx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon
KFTO, cocroxnmaxcx n exape, a raxxe meponpnxrnx no nororonxe x ne:
orop n cncremarnsannx axryantntx rem n cocrannenne cnpanountx oxy-
menron. Fontmax uacrt +ro exrentnocrn nocnna nponeypnt xapaxrep n
xacanact ycroxnmnxcx npnnnnnon peannsannn Konnennnn, coepxamnxcx n
pasnnuntx ee crartxx n nanpannenntx, cpen npouero, na noepxxy nanno-
nantntx mep no ntnonnennm KFTO, a raxxe yxpennenne +xonomnuecxoro
corpynnuecrna n pasnnrnx. Orcyrcrnne xoncencyca no-npexnemy ocnoxnxno
paccmorpenne croponamn xonxperntx nponem conmennx nonoxenn Kon-
nennnn n ornomennn npomno, rexyme nnn nnannpyemo exrentnocrn ro-
cyapcrn, a raxxe ananns nsnecrntx nnn npenonaraemtx cnyuaen noreppo-
pncrnuecxnx ecrnn. Cropont pasennnnct n no nonpocy o rom, nyxno nn
n xax npnnonrt n ecrnne nocroxnnte, r. e. mpnnuecxn oxsarentnte me-
xannsmt nx crnmynnponannx onee ocroxrentnoro omena mnennxmn no
yxasanntm nponemam. Tem ne menee Osopnax xon]epennnx no-npexnemy
ocranact nx cropon nnomaxo nx omena mnennxmn n ontrom no nonpo-
cam peannsannn Konnennnn. Bce yuacrnnxn cornacnnnct, uro +ra npaxrnxa
onxna trt npoonxena n pamxax cneymme mexceccnonno nporpammt.
B 2011 r. x KFTO npncoennnnnct na nontx rocyapcrna: Fypynn n Mo-
samnx. Eme 12 rocyapcrn nonncann, no ne parn]nnnponann Konnennnm
1
.
o nauana Cetmo osopno xon]epennnn Ipynna nmnnemenrannon-
no noepxxn (IHH) cornaconana rexcrt paounx oxymenron n pasnnuntx
anannrnuecxnx sanncox n npenoxenn, xacammnxcx raxnx nonpocon, xax
nosamnra n noesonacnocrt, nayuno-rexnnuecxne paspaorxn, npo]nnax-
rnxa saonenann n nasop n c]epe spanooxpanennx, marepnant nonoro
nasnauennx, nporpamma mexceccnonntx meponpnxrn, mept no yxpennennm
onepnx (MY), opasonanne n npocnemenne, a raxxe yrpost co cropont ne-
rocyapcrnenntx cyexron
2
. B pamxax Hpoexra no npeornpamennm pac-
npocrpanennx nonornuecxoro opyxnx (HHPFO), yuacrnnxamn xoroporo xn-

1
Kparxoe coepxanne Konnennnn o sanpemennn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna n naxonnennx
sanacon axrepnonornuecxoro (nonornuecxoro) n roxcnnnoro opyxnx n o nx ynnuroxennn,
a raxxe cnncox yuacrnnxon Konnennnn n nonncanmnx ee crpan cm. n ononnennn A x na-
croxmemy nsannm. Crpant, nonncanmne, no ne parn]nnnponanmne Konnennnm, Ianrn,
Iaana, Ernner, Kor-Hnyap, Hnepnx, Manann, Mtxnma, Henan, Cnpnx, Comann, Tansannx n
HAP. Crpant, ne nonncanmne n ne parn]nnnponanmne Konnennnm Anrona, Anoppa,
Innnex, xnyrn, Hspannt, Kamepyn, Knpnarn, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Mapman-
nont Ocrpona, Mnxponesnx, Hamnnx, Haypy, Hny+, Camoa, Tynany, ua, 3pnrpex n Rxnt
Cyan.
2
United Nations Office at Geneva, Disarmament: think zone for the Seventh Review Confer-
ence, <http://www.unog.ch/bwc/thinkzone>.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 435
nxmrcx nenpannrentcrnennte oprannsannn, tn cocrannen cnncox ns 12 rem
c xparxnm onncannem, npenoxenntx nx ocyxennx o nauana osopno
xon]epennnn. 3ro nsyuenne nnnxnnx rexnonornuecxnx paspaorox na
KFTO; ycranonnenne neoxonmocrn nepn]nxannonntx mep n nx xapaxrepa;
onpeenenne rpeonann x yneomnennxm; ycnemnax peannsannx crartn X
KFTO; nccneonanne cnxsn mexy KFTO n mepamn no npeornpamennm no-
reppopnsma; ycranonnenne roro, xax (ne) ntnonnenne KFTO na nannonant-
nom yponne orpaxaercx na Konnennnn; npocnernrentcxax paora c yuentmn-
nonoramn, nxnmuax nponecc n ero coepxanne; onpeenenne snauennx no-
npocon spanooxpanennx npn ocyxennn mep xonrponx na nonornuecxnm
opyxnem; oecneuenne rnoantnoro xonrponx sa exrentnocrtm n onacrn
nonornuecxo samnrt; ananns roro, xax cymecrnymmne n OOH mexannsmt
paccneonannx moryr trt ncnontsonant nx yxpennennx Konnennnn; onpe-
enenne ponn noesonacnocrn n npeornpamennn paspaorxn nonornuecxo-
ro opyxnx; a raxxe onenxa +]]exrnnnocrn mexceccnonnoro nponecca n ene
yxpennennx KFTO
3
. Bmecre c conyrcrnymmnmn xommenrapnxmn ncxyccnx,
moepnpyemax HHPFO, npecrannxer coo axryantnoe pesmme pasnnuntx
nonnrnuecxnx n npanontx nonpocon, xacammnxcx KFTO.
B xoe nororonxn x Osopno xon]epennnn mnorne yuacrnnxn ntcxa-
stnann cnon noxenannx ornocnrentno ee nroron. Konconnnponannax nosn-
nnx Enponecxoro comsa (EC) nxnmuana npnstn x nponepxe exerontx sa-
xnnenn o mepax no yxpennennm onepnx n xauecrne ycranonnennoro ]opma-
ra nannonantntx saxnnenn o ocymecrnnennn n conmennn Konnennnn, a
raxxe nx antnememy conepmencrnonannm c yuerom yxasanno saaun
4
. B
cnoem ncrynnrentnom saxnnennn Hpan nouepxnyn, uro necmorpx na nx nax-
nocrt, mept no yxpennennm onepnx, ne moryr npecrannxrt coo mexa-
nnsm xonrponx sa conmennem Konnennnn
5
. CBA saxnnnn, uro paccmarpn-
namr Osopnym xon]epennnm xax nosmoxnocrt yxpennrt Konnennnm,
nontrartcx pemnrt nponemy crnmynxnnn nayunoro nporpecca npn orpann-
uennn nosmoxnocrn snoynorpenennx nayuntmn ocrnxennxmn
6
. anee
amepnxancxn npecrannrent cenan o]nnnantnoe coomenne: Mt opa-
rnmcx x rocyapcrnam-unenam c npocto oennnrt n cocpeorounrt cnon
ycnnnx na nontx cnocoax yxpennennx onepnx n c]epe conmennn [Kon-
nennnn] nocpecrnom ontme rpancnapenrnocrn, onee +]]exrnnno pea-
nnsannn [Konnennnn], yconepmencrnonannoro naopa mep no yxpennennm
onepnx, a raxxe cornaconannoro npnmenennx nonoxenn KFTO o xoncynt-

3
BioWeapons Prevention Project, Civil society preparations for the 7th BWC Review Con-
ference 2011, [n.d.], <http://www.bwpp.org/revcon.html>.
4
Council Decision 2011/429/CFSP of 18 July 2011 relating to the position of the European
Union for the Seventh Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the prohibi-
tion of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin
weapons and on their destruction (BTWC), Official Journal of the European Union, L188, 19 July
2011, p. 44.
5
Seventh BTWC Review Conference, Statement by H. E. Mr. Mohammed Reza Sajjadi, Per-
manent Representative of Iran, 7 Dec. 2011.
6
Gottemoeller, R, US Department of State, Remarks by delegation of the United States of
America First (Disarmament and International Security) Committee, 4 Oct. 2011,
<http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/175000.htm>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 436
rannxx. Kpome roro, mt onxnt corpynnuart n ene npeornpamennx yrpo-
st noreppopnsma, a raxxe ntxnnennx nocnecrnn n +]]exrnnnoro pearn-
ponannx n cnyuae conepmennx araxn
7
.
Poccncxax cropona ntcrynnna c xpnrnxo roro, uro CBA cnnmxom co-
cpeoraunnamrcx na nontmennn rax nastnaemo rpancnapenrnocrn nonc-
cneonann, n saxnnna, uro +ra mepa ne moxer nomennrt nonnonennym
nepn]nxannm
8
. Orentnte crpant yuacrnnnt Konnennnn coxpanxmr ne-
]opmantnym sannrepeconannocrt n nonyuennn onee nopono nn]opma-
nnn o cyte tnme conercxo nporpammt nacrynarentnoro nonornuecxo-
ro opyxnx. Onaxo, no ontmomy cuery, n nocnenee ecxrnnerne raxnx xon-
cyntrann ne npononnoct
9
. B nrore cropont mnpoxo noepxann nont
mexceccnonnt nponecc n nxnmuenne n ero nonecrxy ocyxennx nayuno-
rexnnuecxnx nonpocon
10
.
Ha Cetmo osopno xon]epennnn ocyxannct npanonte n nonnrn-
uecxne nocnecrnnx ycnnn no ocrnxennm ynnnepcantnoro unencrna n Kon-
nennnn n coepxanne nonnoro n canancnponannoro ocymecrnnennx ee
nonoxenn n pamxax amnnnosnoro peannsma, oxnnennoro npeceare-
nem, nocnom Haynem nan en 3ccenem (Hnepnant), ennsom Kon]epen-
nnn. B nocnenne na nx paort Kon]epennnn crano ouennno, uro px
oosnauenntx panee nonnrnuecxnx opnenrnpon oxasannct n ecrnnrentno-
crn xpacntmn nnnnxmn, sa xoropte nenosmoxno tno ntrn, nxnmuax or-
xas n naenennn mexceccnonntx saceann nonnomounxmn nx npnnxrnx
pemenn n mnnnmnsannm antnemnx ycnnn no oecneuennm rpancna-
penrnocrn nocpecrnom mep yxpennennx onepnx. Cnon nosnnnn n xoe Kon-
]epennnn +]]exrnnno xoopnnnponann enerannn nxrn crpan: Knrax, Hn-
nn, Hpana, Haxncrana n Poccnn.
Yuacrnnxn Osopno xon]epennnn oronopnnnct o nponeennn cne-
ymmero mexceccnonnoro payna rpertero no cuery noonoro nponecca,
na xoropom yyr nopono paccmorpent nonpoct corpynnuecrna n nomo-
mn, yxpennennx nannonantntx mep no ntnonnennm KFTO, a raxxe nponeen
osop nayuno-rexnnuecxnx ocrnxenn
11
. B 20122015 rr. yyr npononrt-
cx exeronte ncrpeun cropon, a raxxe exeronte conemannx +xcnepron
nnnort o Boctmo osopno xon]epennnn, xoropax cocronrcx n 2016 r. Yua-
crnnxn Kon]epennnn raxxe cornaconann nsmenenne ]opmara MY, nxnmuax
onee erannsnponannte oxnat o ncntmxax saonenann. Ipynna nmnne-

7
Gottemoeller (cnocxa 6).
8
Mnnncrepcrno nnocrpanntx en Pu, Kommenrapn enapramenra nn]opmannn n ne-
uarn MH Poccnn n cnxsn c nynnxanne oxnaon Iocyapcrnennoro enapramenra CBA o
conmennn cornamenn n oxsarentcrn n onacrn xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, nepacnpo-
crpanennx n pasopyxennx, npecc-penns 1292-02-09-2011, 2 cenrxpx 2011 r., <http://www.ln.
mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/C2356A2C34FC35A6C32578FF005CA2E9>.
9
Cm.: Kelly, D. C., The trilateral agreement: lessons for biological weapons proliferation,
eds T. Findlay and O. Meier, Verification Yearbook 2002 (Verification Research, Training and
Information Centre (VERTIC): London, 2002), pp. 93109.
10
Hanpnmep, Proposal for structured and systematic review of science and technology devel-
opments under the convention: submitted by India, Working paper, Think Zone for the Seventh
BTWC Review Conference, 2011, <http://www.unog.ch/bwc/thinkzone>.
11
Seventh BTWC Review Conference, Final Document, Advance copy, 22 Dec. 2011, p. 19.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 437
menrannonno noepxxn, cocroxmax na ceronxmnn ent ns rpex corpy-
nnxon, yer coecrnonart nonomy nponeccy n rom xe uncnennom cocrane
(orxas or ee pacmnpennx cnxsan c nonnrnuecxnmn orpannuennxmn n coxpa-
nxmmecx neonpeenennocrtm n mexynapono ]nnancono c]epe). IHH
cosacr asy anntx, xacammnxcx +xonomnuecxoro n rexnonornuecxoro pas-
nnrnx, n nenxx yxpennennx corpynnuecrna n nomomn n coornercrnnn co
crarte X KFTO, xoropax npnstnaer x ntnonnennm Konnennnn raxnm opa-
som, urot ne npenxrcrnonart +xonomnuecxomy pasnnrnm n rexnnuecxomy
nporpeccy n ononpemenno coecrnonart omeny nn]opmanne, marepnana-
mn n oopyonannem nx ncnontsonannx n mnpntx nenxx. Texcr, npn noro-
ronxe xoroporo tnn yurent coepxarentnte ocyxennx nepn]nxannonno-
ro pexnma n conmennx nonoxenn Konnennnn, tn ncxnmuen ns saxnmun-
rentnoro oxymenra Osopno xon]epennnn n cnxsn c rem, uro nexoropte
rocyapcrna npenoxnnn antrepnarnnnt rexcr, coepxanne xoroporo pacxo-
nnoct c nroramn omena mnennxmn no cymecrny. B nenom tno ano nonxrt,
uro raxne nsmenennx pncxymr ncrpernrt nenpnxrne co cropont CBA
12
. Ho-
nt mexceccnonnt nponecc yer nocnxmen omeny mnennxmn n nepeo-
ntm ontrom mexy yuacrnnxamn. B uacrnocrn, cropont nponeyr cncrema-
rnuecxn osop ocrnxenn n onacrn nayxn n rexnonorn nepnt noo-
nt osop nocne npoxonnmnx n 19921993 rr. saceann no KFTO
Cnennantno rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron no ntxnnennm n nsyue-
nnm nosmoxntx mep xonrponx c nayuno-rexnnuecxo rouxn spennx (VEREX).

12
BioWeapons Prevention Project, The Seventh BWC Review Conference: outcome and as-
sessment, RevCon Report no. 16, 31 Dec. 2011, <http://www.bwpp.org/reports.html>, p. 2.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 438
II. KOHTPOHI HA XHMHuECKHM OPYHEM
H PA3OPYEHHE

xon XAPT

Ho anntm na 31 exapx 2011 r., 188 rocyapcrn npncoennnnnct x
Konnennnn o sanpemennn xnmnuecxoro opyxnx (KXO) 1993 r. ocnonnomy
mexynapono-npanonomy oxymenry, sanpemammemy npnmenenne xnmnue-
cxoro opyxnx. na rocyapcrna nonncann, no ne parn]nnnponann; mecrt
rocyapcrn ne nonncann n ne parn]nnnponann Konnennnm
1
. B 2011 r. nn o-
no rocyapcrno ne npncoennnnoct x KXO. exrentnocrt Oprannsannn no
sanpemennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx (O3XO) n 2011 r. n ocnonnom nocnna npo-
neccyantnt xapaxrep, sa onnm snaunrentntm ncxnmuennem, xaxnm cran
oxna Koncyntrarnnno rpynnt npn renepantnom npexrope.
Ha 16- xon]epennnn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon tn cornaconan mxer
na 2012 ]nn. r. n pasmepe 70 561 800 enpo (94 mnn onn.), ns xoroptx
33 296 600 enpo (44 mnn onn.) nteneno na pacxot, cnxsannte c nepn]nxa-
nne, 37 265 200 enpo (50 mnn onn.) na amnnncrparnnnte n npoune pac-
xot. Hpnneennte nn]pt cnnerentcrnymr o coxpamennn mxera npn-
mepno na 5.4% no cpannennm c 2011 r.
2
Fecnpeneenrntm marom, npenpnnx-
rtm n xoe paort Kon]epennnn, xnnnoct naenenne renepantnoro
npexropa O3XO Axmera Ysmmxm nonnomounxmn na nponenne nno no-
sononnenne xonrpaxron c corpynnxamn (xoropte ne nmemr npana paorart
onee 10 ner), nmemmnmn ontr, npeycmorpennt +xcnnyarannonntmn
rpeonannxmn n onacrn nepn]nxannonno n nncnexnnonno exrentnocrn
no ynnuroxennm [xnmnuecxoro opyxnx], o 29 anpenx 2016 r.
3

Perynxpnt mxer na 2012 r. npeycmarpnnaer cneymmne pacxot:
na amnnncrpannm (21%), ncnonnnrentnoe pyxonocrno (12%), nnemnne
cnomennx (3%), noepxxy npexrnnntx opranon O3XO (7%), mexynapo-
noe corpynnuecrno n nomomt (10%), nncnexnnn (35%) n nepn]nxannonnte
mept (12%)
4
. B 2012 r. mxernte sarpart na nncnexnnn coxparxrcx uyrt
onee uem na 5%. 3ro coxpamenne cnxsano c rem, uro na anpent 2012 r. na-
snauen oxonuarentnt cpox sanepmennx ynnuroxennx sanacon xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx. C momenra ncrynnennx KXO n cnny oxono 85% nncnexnnonntx pe-
cypcon O3XO nanpannxmrcx na nepn]nxannm ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxoro

1
Kparxoe coepxanne Konnennnn o sanpemennn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna, naxonnennx
n npnmenennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n o ero ynnuroxennn (KXO), a raxxe nepeuent yuacrnn-
xon Konnennnn n nonncanmnx ee crpan cm. n ononnennn A x nacroxmemy nsannm. He
nonncann n ne parn]nnnponann Konnennnm: Anrona, Ernner, KHP, Cnpnx, Comann n
Rxnt Cyan. Hspannt n Mtxnma nonncann, no ne parn]nnnponann Konnennnm.
2
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Programme and budget of the OPCW for 2012,
Decision C-16/DEC.12, 2 Dec. 2011, pp. 2, 9. Hpetymne mecrt ner y O3XO tn nyneno
nomnnantnt pocr mxera.
3
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Future implementation of the tenure policy of the
OPCW, Decision C-16/DEC.9, 30 Nov. 2011.
4
OPCW, C-16/DEC.12 (cnocxa 14), p. 11.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 439
opyxnx
5
. Hecmorpx na omee ymentmenne oema nponepox, x ycranonnen-
nomy cpoxy ne cmoryr ynnuroxnrt cnon sanact xnmnuecxoro opyxnx Hnnnx,
Poccnx n CBA. Cneyer ormernrt, uro xonnuecrno nponepox yer sanncert n
nepnym ouepet or uncna ecrnymmnx oexron no ynnuroxennm xnmnue-
cxoro opyxnx, xoropoe coxparnrcx n 2012 r., no nnont nospacrer nosxe, xora
nocnenne na oexra CBA no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx yyr
nneent n +xcnnyarannm.
Kon]epennnx rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon raxxe yupenna mexynaponym
cert noepxxn xeprn xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n neneno ]on ns oponont-
ntx nsnocon. Texnnuecxn cexperapnar O3XO napxy c npounmn saauamn
samercx ynpannennem +rnm ]onom, xoopnnannonno exrentnocrtm n co-
ecrnnem n ycranonnennn xonraxron n noncxe coornercrnymme nn]opma-
nnn
6
. Ha Kon]epennnn raxxe tnn npenpnnxrt antnemne ycnnnx no
ocrnxennm nceomero unencrna n KXO
7
.
Ienepantnt npexrop O3XO cosan xoncyntrarnnnym rpynny nx nt-
paorxn nanonee onrnmantntx nyre nepenoa exrentnocrn Oprannsa-
nnn or ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx x onee mnpoxo nenn, xnmnue-
cxomy pasopyxennm. B oxnae rpynnt nouepxnnaercx, uro O3XO, napxy c
pyrnmn cnonmn ]ynxnnxmn, onxna ocranartcx mnpontm nocnrenem sna-
nn n ontra n onacrn xnmnuecxoro pasopyxennx, nepn]nxannn ero orcyr-
crnnx n nenpnmenennx
8
. enerannn crpan-yuacrnnn oopnnn npecrannen-
nt oxna, coepxamn nporpammy exrentnocrn, xoropym, no mnennm re-
nepantnoro npexropa, onxen ocymecrnnxrt Texnnuecxn cexperapnar n
reuenne nnxamnx ner. Tax, Haxncran saxnnn, uro n oxnae npannntno on-
peenena npnopnrernax saaua sanepmenne ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx, a raxxe ycranonneno nepnoe coornomenne mexy nopmarnnntmn
acnexramn (nponsnocrno, nepn]nxannx n ntnonnenne Konnennnn na yponne
orentntx crpan) n mexynapontm corpynnuecrnom n xnmnuecxo onac-
rn
9
. Ienepantnt npexrop saxnnn, uro +]]exrnnnt xonrpont sa nponsno-
crnom n monnropnnr anntx xnnxmrcx xpaeyrontntm xamnem n ene sa-
npemennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
10
.
Mexcnxa ntpasnna neonontcrno meroamn paort npexrnnntx opranon
O3XO c momenra ncrynnennx n cnny KXO n saxnnna, uro npnnxrym amnnncr-

5
zmc, A., OPCW Director-General, Statement to the United Nations, General Assembly,
First Committee (Disarmament and International Security), 12 Oct. 2011, p. 1.
6
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, The establishment of the international support
network for victims of chemical weapons and the establishment of a voluntary trust fund for this
purpose, Decision C-16/DEC.13, 2 Dec. 2011.
7
Kparxym nn]opmannm o nontrxax ocrnxennx ynnnepcantnoro unencrna KXO n A]-
pnxe cm. n Hn]opmannonnom mnnerene Rxnoa]pnxancxoro nncrnryra nccneonannx eso-
nacnocrn. Broodryk, A. and Stott, N., Enhancing the role of the OPCW in building Africas cap-
acity to prevent the misuse of toxic chemicals, Africas Policy Imperatives, no. 6 (May 2011).
8
OPCW, Technical Secretariat, Report of the advisory panel on future priorities of the Or-
ganisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Note by the Director-General, S/951/2011,
25 July 2011, para. 35.
9
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Statement by Ambassador Aizaz Ahmad
Chaudhry, Leader of Pakistani Delegation, 28 Nov.2 Dec. 2011, p. 3.
10
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Opening statement by the Director-General,
C-16/DG.18, 28 Nov. 2011, para. 21.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 440
parnnnym npaxrnxy neoxonmo cxoppexrnponart. Mexcnxancxn npecrann-
rent raxxe saan cneymmn nonpoc: Henecoopasno nn crannrt cyty pe-
menn, ocrnrnyrtx n xoe nnrentntx n nanpxxenntx neperonopon, n sann-
cnmocrt or ocyxennx ]opmynnponox n xoe yrnepxennx saxnmunrentnoro
oxnaa, sauacrym orpaxammnx cotrnx, xoroptx ne tno n peantnocrn,
nnn pemennx, xoropte ne tnn npnnxrt n xoe o]nnnantntx saceann?
11



Ynnu1oaenne xnunuecxoro opyann

Ho cocroxnnm na 30 noxpx 2011 r., ns 71 195 r orpannxmmnx nemecrn
saxnnennoro xnmnuecxoro opyxnx tno ocronepno ynnuroxeno 50 619 r; ns
8.67 mnn oxnnenntx ennnn n xonrenepon, coepxamnx xnmnuecxoe opy-
xne, 3.95 mnn
12
. Ho cocroxnnm na noxpt 2011 r., 13 rocyapcrn oxnnnn o
70 tnmnx oexrax no nponsnocrny xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, ns xoroptx 43
tnn nnxnnnponant, a 21 nepeoopyonant n oexrt mnpnoro nasnaue-
nnx
13
. O cnonx sanacax xnmnuecxoro opyxnx O3XO oxnnnn Anannx, Hn-
nx, Hpax, Rxnax Kopex, Hnnnx, Poccnx n CBA. Anannx, Hnnx n Rxnax
Kopex ynnuroxnnn nce cnon saxnnennte sanact xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, raxxe
tno ynnuroxeno nce saxnnennoe xnmnuecxoe opyxne xareropnn 3
14
. Ho pac-
ueram O3XO npnmepno rpn uerneprn saxnnenntx sanacon xnmnuecxoro opy-
xnx onxnt trt ynnuroxent x nponennomy (n nocnenn pas) oxonua-
rentnomy cpoxy, ycranonnennomy KXO, 29 anpenx 2012 r.
15


Hpar

Hpax npoonxan nsyuart n paspaartnart napnanrt ynnuroxennx no
xonrponem O3XO xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, xpanxmerocx n ynxepax X 13 n
X 41, xoropte naxoxrcx n nponnnnnn 3nt-Myranna na mre crpant
16
. Hpax-
cxne nnacrn counn, uro ]nsnuecxn ocryn n ynxep X 41 yxe nosmoxen, ro-
ra xax ynxep X 13 npoonxaer npecrannxrt ceptesnym yrposy
17
. Hpax ox-

11
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Statement by Ambassador Jorge Lomnaco, Per-
manent Representative of Mexico, C-16/NAT.23, 28 Nov. 2011, p. 2.
12
O3XO, Ynnuroxenne xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, <http://www.opcw.org/ru/nasha-dejatel
nost/khimicheskaja-demilitarizacija/>.
13
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 52.
14
Hpnnoxenne no xnmnxaram x KXO coepxnr rpn cnncxa. Cnncox 1 cocronr ns
xnmnxaron n nx npexypcopon, xoropte mano ncnontsymrcx n mnpntx nenxx nnn noome ne
ncnontsymrcx n mnpntx nenxx. Xnmnxart, nxoxmne n cnncxn 2 n 3, nmemr onee mnpoxoe
mnpnoe, n rom uncne xommepuecxoe, npnmenenne. Onpeenenne xareropn xnmnuecxoro opy-
xnx, xoropoe uacrnuno ocnontnaercx na rom, x xaxomy cnncxy npnnanexnr xnmnxar, ano n
uacrn IV (A) Hpnnoxennx no nponepxe x KXO (cnocxa 14), n. 16.
15
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 5.
16
Ftno ycranonneno, uro ocrantnte ynxept nno nycrt, nno coepxann rontxo
otunte oenpnnact.
17
Al Sharaa, M., Director General, Iraqi National Monitoring Directorate, Al Muthanna bun-
kers decommissioning project, Slide presentation at the 14th Annual International Chemical
Weapons Demilitarisation Conference (CWD 2011), Interlaken, 2326 May 2011, p. 16.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 441
sancx ynnuroxnrt coepxnmoe ynxepa X 41 n oesnpenrt coepxnmoe yn-
xepa X 13 c nomomtm eronno nnxancynxnnn
18
. Marepnant Cnennantno
xomnccnn OOH no Hpaxy (RHCKOM) n ee npeemnnnt Komnccnn OOH no
nanmennm, xonrponm n nncnexnnxm (RHMOBHK) sacexpeuent n no+romy
npaxrnuecxn neocrynnt nx Hcnonnnrentnoro conera O3XO
19
. nx ocyxe-
nnx ncxontx anntx o coepxnmom ynxepa (xonrenept n oenpnnact,..
coepxamne neryune nemecrna n noromy ne nonexamne ynnuroxennm), xo-
ropt, no cnonam tnmero samecrnrenx npecearenx RHCKOM uapntsa
en]epa, nanomnnn emy Bennxym nnpamny n Inse, a raxxe crenenn neo-
xonmo nnrpysnnnocrn nepn]nxannn nmoro nponecca ynnuroxennx co-
epxnmoro ynxepon (npenonaramme ncrannnonnt orop npo, ananns
n nponepxy nnn npeycmarpnnamme ]nsnuecxoe npncyrcrnne nncnexropon)
npononnnct rexnnuecxne conemannx c yuacrnem npecrannrene Hpaxa,
Iepmannn, Bennxopnrannn, CBA n O3XO
20
.
B mae O3XO raxxe npononna nosymnym nncnexnnm na mantx ntco-
rax tnmnx npaxcxnx oexron no nponsnocrny n xpanennm xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx, ncnontsyx nepronert Mnccnn OOH no oxasannm coecrnnx Hpaxy
(MOOHCH). Bnsyantnt ocmorp n annte a+po]orocemxn, cenannte no
npemx +rnx noneron, nornepnnn, uro Hpax onncx nporpecca n ynnuroxe-
nnn oexron no nponsnocrny xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, a raxxe ro, uro na yn-
xepa n 3nt-Myranne, no nce nnnmocrn, ocramrcx nentmn n nerponyrtmn
21
.
Hpax oopnn ntenenne 55 mnn onn. CBA nx peannsannn npoexra no nt-
noy +rnx oexron ns +xcnnyarannn
22
. Fynxep X 13, ouennno, coepxnr:
(a) npnmepno 2500 uacrnuno paspymenntx 122-mnnnnmerpontx xnmnuecxnx
cnapxon, (b) oxono 180 r nnanna narpnx, (c) oxono 1.75 r nnannon xannx,
(d) 75 xr rpexxnopncroro mtmtxxa, (e) 170 xonrenepon emxocrtm 1 r, nc-
nontsonanmnxcx panee nx xpanennx rayna. Kax nonaramr, n ynxepe X 41
coepxnrcx: (a) npnmepno 2000 nycrtx 155-mnnnnmerpontx aprnnnepncxnx
cnapxon, (b) 605 xonrenepon (emxocrtm 1 r) c cepnncrtm nnpnrom, n xoro-
ptx nepnonauantno xpannncx ocrarount nonnmepnsonannt cepnncrt nn-
pnr, (c) yrnnnsannonnoe (nncnneparopnoe) oopyonanne, (d) npnnnsnrent-
no 200 nnrpontx ouex c esnn]exnnonntmn orxoamn, (e) cnntno sarpxs-
nennte crponrentnte orxot. Fynxep raxxe noneprcx ceptesnomy
sarpxsnennm n pesyntrare nporeuxn nncrepnt, coepxame npexypcop xnmn-
uecxoro opyxnx
23
. Hpaxcxn +xcneprnt rexnnuecxn xomnrer (oprannsonan-
nt rnano Mnnncrepcrna nayxn n rexnonorn Hpaxa) onynnxonan oruer, n
xoropom npecrannent nosmoxnte pemennx yxasanntx nponem. Hocne roro
xax Kanner mnnncrpon Hpaxa oopnr pexomenannn xomnrera, Mnnncrep-

18
Al Sharaa, M. (cnocxa 17), p. 15.
19
Al Sharaa, M. (cnocxa 17), p. 16.
20
Al Sharaa, M. (cnocxa 17), p. 8; n Duelfer, C., Hide and Seek: The Search for the Truth in
Iraq (Public Affairs: New York, 2009), pp. 9697.
21
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 48; n O3XO, Kon]epennnx crpan-yuacrnnxon,
Statement on behalf of the European Union by H. E. Mara Marinaki, Managing Director for
Global and Multilateral Issues, European External Action Service, C-16/NAT.25, 28 noxpx2
exapx 2011 r., c. 4.
22
Al Sharaa, M. (cnocxa 29), p. 13.
23
Al Sharaa, M (cnocxa 17), p. 4.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 442
crno nayxn n rexnonorn npnmer neoxonmte mept, urot nauart npoexr
no ntnoy oexron ns +xcnnyarannn
24
.

Hueu

Bo npemx nont n Hnnnn ntcxastnannct onacennx, uro cnnt, noxntnte
Myammapy Kaa]n, moryr ncnontsonart sanact ocrarounoro cepnncroro nn-
pnra n opte npornn anrnnpannrentcrnenntx emoncrpanron n noopyxen-
ntx noncranuecxnx rpynnnponox
25
.
Ho xonrponem O3XO Hnnnx ynnuroxnna 54.4% cnonx saxnnenntx sa-
nacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx na ocnone xnmnxaron ns Cnncxa 1 x 8 ]enpanx
2011 r., xora nnxnnannonnax onepannx tna npnocranonnena n cnxsn c ne-
oxonmocrtm pasopart narpenarentnym ycranonxy na oexre, re npono-
nnoct ynnuroxenne
26
. 1 cenrxpx 2011 r. Hcnonnnrentnt coner Oprannsa-
nnn cosnan neo]nnnantnoe conemanne nx ocyxennx cnryannn n Hnnnn n
oxasannx nomomn, xoropax tna npeocrannena Kannenxpne renepantno-
ro npexropa
27
. 22 cenrxpx npecrannrenn nonoro nnnncxoro npannrentcrna
saxnnnn, uro nx nocxa saxnarnnn cxna c cepnncrtm nnpnrom n 3nt-xy]pe
(rax nastnaemt cxna Pynara, pacnonoxennt n 700 xm x mro-nocroxy or
Tpnnonn)
28
. 3 oxrxpx samecrnrent mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Hnnnn nanpa-
nnn nory renepantnomy npexropy O3XO, nornepxax n nanomnnax o
naxnocrn nanpannennx nncnexnnonno rpynnt Oprannsannn n Hnnnm nx
nnnenrapnsannn n nponepxn cocroxnnx sanacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx crpant,
nornepxennx nx esonacnocrn n nororonxn x nosononnennm exrentno-
crn no nx ynnuroxennm n coornercrnymmee npemx. 4 oxrxpx nnnncxn
npecrannrent n Hcnonnnrentnom conere O3XO saxnnn, uro nonoe npann-
rentcrno oesonacnno oexr no xpanennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n Pynare
29
.
2 noxpx nncnexnnonnax rpynna O3XO nocernna Hnnnm c nentm npo-
nepxn cocroxnnx npemennoro xpannnnma n Pynare, urot yenrtcx, uro cep-
nncrt nnpnr n na npexypcopa xnmnuecxoro opyxnx ne tnn ncnontsonant
nx noenntx nene (npetymax nncnexnnx npononnact n ]enpane, xora
tna ocranonnena paora no ynnuroxennm)
30
. Hncnexnnx ]nnancnponanact
ueepantntm mnnncrepcrnom nnocrpanntx en Iepmannn npn antneme

24
Al Sharaa, M (cnocxa 17), p. 12.
25
US House of Representatives, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Chairman
Rogers comments regarding recent developments in Libya, Press release, 22 Aug. 2011,
<http://intelligence.house.gov/press-release/chairman-rogers-comments-regarding-recent-
developments-libya>. Hoonte onacennx ntcxastnamrcx n ornomennn nponcxoxennx xn-
mnuecxoro opyxnx, nosmoxno nmemmerocx y Cnpnn, n ero cytt n xoe rpaxancxnx ec-
nopxxon n nanpxxennocrn n crpane. O xon]nnxrax n Hnnnn n Cnpnn cm. rnany 2, pasen I n
rnany 3, pasen II nacroxmero nsannx.
26
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 34.
27
OPCW, Executive Council, Statement by the Libyan delegation, EC-66/NAT.17, 4 Oct.
2011, p. 2.
28
Black, I., Libyan rebels discover Gaddafis chemical weapons, The Guardian, 22
Sep. 2011.
29
OPCW, Libya, EC-66/NAT.17 (cnocxa 39), p. 2.
30
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 39.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 443
noepxxe enapramenra no nonpocam oxpant n esonacnocrn OOH
31
. B xo-
e ononenno nncnexnnn tno nponeeno ocneonanne xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx, naxoxmerocx na cxnae n Pynare, c nentm yocronepnrtcx, uro nn-
nncxne sanact xnmnuecxoro opyxnx ne tnn ncnontsonant n nx esonac-
nocrt nocne sanepmennx rpaxancxoro xon]nnxra n crpane tna oecneuena
onxntm opasom
32
. Hncnexnnonnax rpynna nornepnna, uro sanact cepnn-
croro nnpnra n npexypcopon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, nmenmnecx na cxnae, ne
ncnontsonannct n noenntx nenxx
33
. 28 noxpx Hnnnx npecrannna n O3XO
yrounennoe saxnnenne, xoropoe coepxano nn]opmannm o panee ne saxnnen-
nom xnmnuecxom opyxnn (nsnecrnom n npenonaraemom)
34
. Tem ne menee
crpana ne cmoxer sanepmnrt ynnuroxenne cnonx sanacon x 29 anpenx 2012 r.
35

Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH npnsnan Hnnnm npoonxart... axrnnnoe corpy-
nnuecrno c O3XO n nenxx ynnuroxennx cnonx sanacon xnmnuecxoro opy-
xnx
36
. Honoe npannrentcrno Hnnnn nornepnno, uro crpana ocraercx npn-
nepxenno ncem mexynapontm xonnennnxm n cornamennxm, xoropte ona
nonncana, nxnmuax KXO
37
. B 2012 r. O3XO namepena erantno nsyunrt co-
croxnne panee ne oxnnennoro sanaca xnmnuecxoro opyxnx (rnanntm opa-
som aprnnnepncxnx cnapxon).

Poccu

B Poccnn n 2011 r. exrentnocrt no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
nenact na uertpex oexrax: Heonnonxa (ynnuroxeno oxono 6000 r orpan-
nxmmnx nemecrn, 87% omnx sanacon oexra), Mapatxoncxn (ynnuroxe-
no npnmepno 5600 r, 82% omnx sanacon oexra), Houen (ynnuroxeno oxono
1800 r, 24% omnx sanacon oexra) n Byute (ynnuroxeno npnmepno 2500 r,
47% omnx sanacon oexra)
38
. 3anycx cetmoro, n nocnenero, oexra no
ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx sannannponan na 2012 r. n Knsnepe (pa-
nee Poccnx sanepmnna onepannn no ynnuroxennm na oexrax Iopnt n
Kamapxa)
39
. Ho cocroxnnm na 31 oxrxpx, Poccnx ynnuroxnna n yrnnnsn-
ponana 57% (22714 r) cnonx sanacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx xareropnn 1
40
.

31
German Federal Foreign Office, Securing Libyas chemical weapons, Press release, 4 Nov.
2011,<http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Aktuelle_Artikel/Libyen/111104-
OVCW-Inspektion-node.html>; n OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para.13. Iepmannx raxxe
corpynnuaer c Hnnne no nonpocy ynnuroxennx nnnncxoro crpenxonoro opyxnx n nporn-
nonexorntx mnn.
32
German Federal Foreign Office (cnocxa 31).
33
OPCW, OPCW inspectors return from Libya, Press release, 4 Nov. 2011, <http://www.
opcw.org/news/article/opcw-inspectors-return-to-libya/>.
34
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 40.
35
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 13.
36
Pesonmnnx Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH 2017, 31 oxrxpx 2011 r.
37
OPCW, Libya, EC-66/NAT.17 (cnocxa 39), p. 2.
38
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Statement by V. I. Kholstov, Acting Head of the
Russian Delegation, C-16/NAT.12, 28 Nov. 2011, pp. 12.
39
OPCW, Russia, C-16/NAT.12 (cnocxa 38), p. 2.
40
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), n. 41. Poccnx yxe ynnuroxnna nce cnon sanact xnmn-
uecxoro opyxnx xareropnn 2 (10616 r) n xareropnn 3.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 444
Coeouueuuie Lmami A+epuru

K noxpm 2011 r. CBA ncrparnnn 23,7 mnp onn. na ynnuroxenne cnonx
sanacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
41
. Coennennte Brart sanepmnnn paort no
ynnuroxennm xnmopyxnx n 3nnncrone, mrar Anaama (22 cenrxpx 2011 r.);
Ymarnnne, mrar Operon (25 oxrxpx 2011 r.); a raxxe n Ty+ne, mrar Rra
(21 xnnapx 2012 r.). Ocranmnecx sanact xpanxrcx na oexrax n Fnm-Ipacc, mrar
Kenryxxn, n Hy+no, mrar Konopao. Or omero nepnonauantnoro oema 1.7%
apcenana xnmnuecxoro opyxnx xpannrcx n Fnm-Ipacc (sapnn, Bn-3xc n cepnn-
crt nnpnr) n 8.5% naxonrcx na xpanennn n Hy+no (cepnncrt nnpnr). Ha
oonx oexrax ynnuroxenne yer npononrtcx c nomomtm rexnonornn ne-
rpannsannn, npn +rom cpoxn sanepmennx onepann no ynnuroxennm na +rnx
nyx oexrax ne onpeenent
42
. Taxxe CBA npoonxar ynnuroxart cnon ne-
cxnanponannte xnmnuecxne oenpnnact no mepe nx onapyxennx n yymem
(+ra nponema yer no-npexnemy croxrt nepe pyrnmn yuacrnnxamn KXO).


Ocmae.euuoe xu+u:ecroe opy+ue u cmapoe xu+u:ecroe opy+ue

C momenra ncrynnennx c cnny KXO n no exapt 2011 r. uert-
pe rocyapcrna oxnnnn o nannunn na cnonx reppnropnxx ocrannennoro xnmn-
uecxoro opyxnx (OXO), a 15 rocyapcrn o onaannn craptm xnmnuecxnm
opyxnem (CXO)
43
. B 2011 r. paort no ynnuroxennm CXO npononnnct n Fent-
rnn, Hrannn, nonnn, Iepmannn, Bnenapnn n Bennxopnrannn, a upannnx
npoonxana paspaartnart xomnnexcnym nporpammy no ynnuroxennm CXO
44
.
B Knrae npoonxannct paort no ynnuroxennm OXO
45
. Mecra onapy-
xennx OXO crpynnnponant n nxrt npoexron no reorpa]nuecxomy npnsnaxy
46
.

41
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Statement by Ambassador Robert P. Mikulak, US
Permanent Representative, C-16/NAT.31, 29 Nov. 2011, p. 2.
42
Weber, A. C., United States chemical demilitarization program, PowerPoint presentation
to the 16th session of the Conference of the States Parties, OPCW, The Hague, Nov. 2011, p. 5; n
OPCW, USA, C-16/NAT.31 (cnocxa 53), p. 1.
43
uertpe rocyapcrna, oxnnnmne o ocrannennom na nx reppnropnn xnmnuecxom
opyxnn: Knra, Hpan, Hrannx n Hanama. Texnnuecxn cexperapnar onpeennn, uro oenpn-
nact oxnnennoro Hpanom OXO xnnxmrcx otuntmn noopyxennxmn. 15 crpan, xoropte
oxnnnn o nnaennn CXO Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, Hra-
nnx, Kanaa, Hontma, Poccnx, Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, upannnx, Bnenapnx, CBA
n nonnx, OXO onpeeneno xax xnmnuecxoe opyxne, xoropoe tno ocranneno rocyapcrnom
nocne 1 xnnapx 1925 r. na reppnropnn pyroro rocyapcrna es cornacnx nocnenero. KXO
(cnocxa 13), crartx II, n. 6. CXO osnauaer xnmnuecxoe opyxne, nponsneennoe o 1925 r., nnn
xnmnuecxoe opyxne, nponsneennoe n nepno mexy 1925 n 1946 rr., xoropoe paspymnnoct n
raxo crenenn, uro ono yxe ne moxer ncnontsonartcx n xauecrne xnmnuecxoro opyxnx. KXO
(cnocxa 13), crartx II, n. 5. Cneennx o crpanax, ne ynomxnyrtx sect, cm. n rnanax o xnmnue-
cxom n axrepnonornuecxom opyxnn npetymnx nsann Exeronnxa CHHPH.
44
OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para. 51.
45
O xnmnuecxom opyxnn npemen Bropo mnpono nont cm.: Tu, A. T., Chemical weap-
ons abandoned by the Imperial Japanese Army in Japan and China at the end of World War II,
Toxin Reviews, vol. 30, no. 1 (Feb. 2011), pp. 15.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 445
Ho anntm na 30 cenrxpx 2011 r., n ropoe Hanxnn, nponnnnnx Hsxncy, t-
no ynnuroxeno 35 203 ennnnt xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, uro cocrannxer 99% or
onapyxennoro n +rom paone OXO n 75% or ncero oxnnennoro Knraem
OXO
47
. ne monntnte ycranonxn no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
onxnt nauart paory n Xapannne, nponnnnnx Hsnnnnt, n na cenepe Knrax.
Ha oxrxpt 2011 r. nonnx ornpannna n Knra ony ycranonxy nx ynnuro-
xennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
48
. nonnx npeocrannna ononnnrentnym nn-
]opmannm o cnoe exrentnocrn n Hanxnne no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx, xoropax nauanact 12 oxrxpx 2010 r.
49



Honn1nuecxne pasnornacnn

Kon]epennnx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon KXO tna ormeuena nonnrnue-
cxnmn pasnornacnxmn mexy Hpanom n (npenmymecrnenno) CBA. Hpecra-
nnrent Hpana saxnnn: Ftnmn npanxmn pexnm Hpaxa n xoe arpeccnn
npornn Hpana npnmenxn npornn nennnntx nme monx cooreuecrnennn-
xon xnmnuecxoe opyxne, xoropoe +ror pexnm nonyunn or Coennenntx
Braron Amepnxn n nx sanantx comsnnxon. On raxxe saxnnn, uro, x co-
xanennm, CBA orxptro oxnnnn o cnoe necnoconocrn saxonunrt
[ynnuroxenne xnmnuecxoro opyxnx] n cpox, uro npecrannxer coo xnnoe
napymenne, nonpoc o xoropom onxen trt nepean na paccmorpenne OOH.
Hpancxn npecrannrent raxxe npnsnan npnnneut x ornercrnennocrn nnna n
oprannsannn, cnaxanmne Caama Xycena oopyonannem, npenasna-
uenntm nx ncnontsonannx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, n saxnnn, uro Hspannt o-
naaer opyxnem macconoro ynnuroxennx, n cnxsn c uem npecrannxer
nanontmym yrposy mnpy n esonacnocrn n pernone
50
.

46
3rnmn npoexramn xnnxmrcx: (a) monntnax ycranonxa no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx (MYY-Rr) n Hanxnne n ropoe Yxane; (b) MYY-Cenep n Bnnsxuxyane n Xapnne;
(c) Xapannn; (d) paort na pyrnx mecrax saxoponennx Hsxmyct, nponnnnnx X+nynn-
sxn; Xyntuynt n Hxntxyanao, nponnnnnx Hsnnnnt; Iyanuxoy, nponnnnnx Iyanyn; (e) mepo-
npnxrnx no nenrn]nxannn orpannxmmnx nemecrn n Antnnne, F+ny, Xanuxoy, Bnnsxu-
xyane, Boyxne, Yxane n Cnntxne. Fujiwara, H., Deputy Director-General, Abandoned Chemical
Weapons Office, Japanese Cabinet Office, Japans ACWs in China, PowerPoint presentation at
14th Annual International Chemical Weapons Demilitarisation Conference (CWD 2011), Interla-
ken, 2326 May 2011, slide 5.
47
OPCW, Executive Council, Statement by H. E. Ambassador Takashi Koezuka, Permanent
Representative of Japan, EC-66/NAT.8, 4 Oct. 2011, p. 1; OPCW, C-16/DG.18 (cnocxa 10), para.
50; a raxxe O3XO, nepenncxa c anropom, ma 2012.
48
OPCW, Japan, EC-66/NAT.8 (cnocxa 59).
49
Fujiwara, H. (cnocxa 58), slide 4.
50
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Statement by H. E. Kazem Gharib Abadi, Perma-
nent Representative of Iran, 28 Nov.2 Dec. 2011. Hpecrannrent Hspannx npncyrcrnonan na
Kon]epennnn n xauecrne nanmarenx n nnepnte oparnncx x aynropnn c mecra. Btpasnn
noepxxy nenn n saauam KXO, on saxnnn, uro Hspannt n nacroxmee npemx ne moxer
npncoennnrtcx x coornercrnymmemy pexnmy n cnxsn co cnoxnnmecx reononnrnuecxo
cnryanne na Fnnxnem Bocroxe, yrnepxax, uro o ero npncoennennx x xaxnm-nno pexn-
mam no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennm neoxonmo ocrnut mnpnoro yperynn-
ponannx mexy crpanamn pernona.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 446
Amepnxancxn npecrannrent ornernn, uro Coennennte Brart ne-
ymtmnenno cptnamr oxonuarentnt cpox ynnuroxennx cnonx sanacon xn-
mnuecxoro opyxnx, nasnauennt na anpent 2012 r., n ne nmemr namepennx
coxpanxrt +rn sanact. 3aepxxa oxcnxercx nponemamn, xoropte ncntrt-
nana amepnxancxax nporpamma no ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n npe-
tymne rot. On saxnnn: 3aepxxa c ynnuroxennem sanacon xorx mt
ynnuroxaem nx nacrontxo tcrpo, nacxontxo +ro nosmoxno, ne xnnxercx
npenamepenno nontrxo nesaxonno coxpannrt xnmnuecxoe opyxne
51
. Tax-
xe amepnxancxn npecrannrent orpnnan, uro CBA npeocrannxnn xnmnue-
cxoe opyxne pexnmy Caama Xycena n Hpaxe
52
.
B saxnmuenne Kon]epennnn Hpan enncrnennt nporonoconan npornn
pemennx O3XO o nponennn oxonuarentnoro cpoxa ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxo-
ro opyxnx
53
. On nonpocnn O3XO npnmennrt canxnnn n ornomennn CBA (no
ne Poccnn, xoropax raxxe ne cmoxer sanepmnrt ynnuroxenne cnoero xnmo-
pyxnx x anpenm 2012 r.)
54
. eart n Hcnonnnrentnom conere n na Kon]epen-
nnn nennct noxpyr ]opmynnponox, xoropte ncnontsymr rocyapcrna, ona-
ammne xnmnuecxnm opyxnem, nx onosnaunoro nornepxennx oxsa-
rentcrn no ynnuroxennm cnonx sanacon n xparuamne cpoxn n npeocranne-
nnx O3XO onee nopono nn]opmannn o nannonantntx nporpammax no
ynnuroxennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx.
Hpecrannrenn O3XO npoonxnnn npaxrnxy cnennantntx nnsnron na
oexrt ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n Poccnn n CBA; +rn nnsnrt
nanenent na ro, urot nanomnnrt o nonnrnuecxnx oxsarentcrnax oonx ro-
cyapcrn no ynnuroxennm nx sanacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx xax moxno cxo-
pee. B pemennxx Kon]epennnn sa]nxcnponano rpeonanne o rom, urot n
nporpammy exerontx saceann tnn nxnmuent oruert o xoe ynnuroxe-
nnx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx remn crpanamn, xoropte ne ycnemr sanepmnrt +ror
nponecc x ycranonnennomy nx nnx cpoxy n anpene 2012 r. Kpome roro, pac-
cmorpennm +roro nonpoca yer nocnxmeno cnennantnoe saceanne n pamxax
Kon]epennnn 2017 r.
55
Taxnm opasom, npexnne ncxyccnn no nonpocy npo-
nennx oxonuarentnoro cpoxa ynnuroxennx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx yyr same-
nent mexannsmom exeronoro npeocrannennx anntx, nx nepn]nxannn n
onenxn yuacrnnxamn Kon]epennnn, xoropt, nepoxrno, yer ecrnonart,
no xpane mepe, n reuenne nnxamnx nxrn ner.

51
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Supplemental US statement distributed as an offi-
cial document, The Hague, 29 Nov. 2011, p. 1.
52
OPCW, USA (cnocxa 63).
53
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Final extended deadline of 29 April 2012, Deci-
sion C-16/DEC.11, 1 Dec. 2011. Panee pemennx Kon]epennnn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon nourn
ncera npnnnmannct na ocnone xoncencyca, sa onnm samerntm ncxnmuennem, xoroptm xnn-
noct ronoconanne o npexpamennn nonnomoun nroporo renepantnoro npexropa O3XO n
2002 r. Cm.: Hart, J., Kuhlau, F. and Simon, J., Chemical and biological weapon developments and
arms control, SIPRI Yearbook 2003, pp. 65152.
54
OPCW, Conference of the States Parties, Explanation of vote on the draft decision on the
final extended deadline of 29 April 2012, Statement by H. E. Kazem Gharib Abadi, Permanent
Representative of Iran, 28 Nov.2 Dec. 2011. 3ror oxymenr tn pacnpocrpanen na Kon-
]epennnn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon.
55
OPCW, C-16/DEC.11 (cnocxa 6553), para. 3(f).
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 447
III. HOO3PEHH B PA3PAFOTKE HPOIPAMM
XHMHuECKOIO H FHOHOIHuECKOIO OPYH

xon XAPT

B 2011 r. npoonxann ntcxastnartcx noospennx ornocnrentno ex-
rentnocrn, cnxsanno c xnmnuecxnm n nonornuecxnm opyxnem (XFO), npn
+rom npaxrnuecxn orcyrcrnonann o]nnnantnte nnn nnte anropnrernte xom-
menrapnn, xoropte mornn t npoxcnnrt cnryannm.
B oruere xnoncxoro noennoro npaua npemen Bropo mnpono nont, xo-
ropt tn onapyxen n oxrxpe 2011 r. n onom ns mecrntx orenenn
Hannonantno napnamenrcxo nnnorexn n npe]exrype Knoro, ronopnrcx,
uro npnmenenne xnoncxnmn noenntmn nonornuecxoro opyxnx n xoe Bro-
po xnono-xnracxo nont 19371945 rr. npnneno x sapaxennm 25 946 ue-
nonex. Yrnepxaercx, uro n xoe mecrn onepann n nepno mexy 1940 n
1942 rr. orpx 731 Hmneparopcxo apmnn nonnn ntnycxan sapaxenntx uy-
mo nox n necxontxnx xnracxnx nponnnnnxx, nxnmuax Hsnnnnt, Hsxncn n
ux+nsxn
1
.


Cenepnan Kopen

B mae 2011 r. Knra nporonoconan npornn nynnxannn Conerom Feso-
nacnocrn OOH oruera o canxnnxx npornn Kopecxo Hapono-emoxparn-
uecxo Pecnynnxn (KHP, nnn Cenepnax Kopex) na ocnonannn Pesonmnnn
CF OOH 1874
2
. Cornacno npocounnmemycx n npeccy rexcry oruera Cenepnax
Kopex noospenaercx n onaannn xpynntmn sanacamn xnmnuecxoro opy-
xnx, a raxxe n peannsannn c 1980-x roon nporpammt paspaorxn nonorn-
uecxoro opyxnx n nenxx operennx nosmoxnocrn camocroxrentno xyntrnnn-
ponart n nponsnonrt raxne arenrt, xax cnopt cnnpcxo xsnt, nosynrenn
ocnt n xonept
3
. B oruere raxxe yrnepxaercx, uro mnorne ynepent, uro
Cenepnax Kopex onaaer 25005000 r xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, nxnmuax ]oc-
ren, sapnn, cepnncrt nnpnr, rayn, neycranonnennte orpannxmmne nemecr-
na (OB) omexonnroro ecrnnx n pyrne croxne ]oc]opoprannuecxne OB
nepnno-napannrnuecxoro ecrnnx; a raxxe, uro n Cenepno Kopee ecrt xax
mnnnmym nocemt oexron no nponsnocrny xnmopyxnx, n rom uncne xnmn-

1
Report shows Japanese Imperial Army used bioweapons during Sino War, Jiji Press, 15
Oct. 2011. Hcropnm nonpoca cm. Harris, S., Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare,
19321945, and the American Cover-up, revised edn (Routledge: London, 2002).
2
Kan, S. A., China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy
Issues, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress RL31555 (US Congress:
Washington, DC, 9 Nov. 2011), p. 29. Cm. raxxe rnany 8, pasen IV n rnany 10, pasen III na-
croxmero nsannx.
3
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (2009), Report, para. 74. Hpoco-
unnmncx n npeccy oruer onynnxonan sect: <http://www.scribd.com/doc/55808872/UN-
Panel-of-Experts-NORK-Report-May-2011>. Oruer uacrnuno ocnonan na South Korean Ministry
of National Defense (MND), 2010 Defense White Paper (MND: Seoul, 2011).
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 448
uecxoe sanot n uonxy n Inoxe
4
. Henasnannoe rocyapcrno unen OOH,
saxnnno rpynne +xcnepron, uro Bropo +xonomnuecxn xomnrer Hannonant-
no ooponno xomnccnn KHP (uepes Hxroe mamnnocrponrentnoe ynpan-
nenne n Bropym axaemnm ecrecrnenntx nayx), xax nonaramr, nrpaer xnm-
uenym pont n exrentnocrn, cnxsanno c nponsnocrnom, nmnoprom n +xcnop-
rom, n pamxax cenepoxopecxo nporpammt XFO. Ipynna +xcnepron raxxe
saxnnna, uro Green Pine Associated Company axrnnno yuacrnyer n nesa-
xonntx saxynxax xnmnuecxnx marepnanon n pyrnx cnennantntx ronapon sa
rpannne
5
.
Kpome roro, n 2011 r. n nnnomarnuecxnx xpyrax noxnnnact nn]opmannx
o xon]ncxannn xomnerenrntmn opranamn Ipennn n 2009 r. 14 rtc. xocrmmon
npornnoxnmnuecxo samnrt c opra cenepoxopecxoro cyna, xoropoe, nos-
moxno, nanpannxnoct n Cnpnm. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ocynn +ror nn-
nnenr n xoe ncxyccn o ecrnymmnx npornn Cenepno Kopen canxnnxx n
2011 r.
6



Hpan n Annnn

Ho nmemmnmcx coomennxm, CBA nponenn paccneonanne ]axra no-
cranox npenonoxnrentno Hpanom nnnncxomy pexnmy Myammapa Kaa]n
coren cnennantntx aprnnnepncxnx cnapxon nx xnmnuecxoro opyxnx,
xoropte Hnnnx yrannana n reuenne ecxrnnern. Cnapxt, nanonnennte
cepnncrtm nnpnrom, tnn onapyxent nnnncxnmn noncranuecxnmn cnna-
mn n xonne 2011 r. (cm. pasen II ntme)
7
. Mexy rem tnmee nnnncxoe npa-
nnrentcrno saxnnxno, uro enncrnenntm cpecrnom ocranxn xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx n ero apcenane tnn annaomt.
onant Mane, nonxonnnx n orcranxe, npecrannrent Iocenapramenra
CBA, yuacrnonanmn n neperonopax 2003 r. mexy Hnnne, Bennxopnrann-
e n Coennenntmn Braramn ornocnrentno ycnonn, na xoroptx Tpnnonn
moxer orxasartcx or xepnoro n xnmnuecxoro opyxnx, a raxxe annncrnue-
cxnx paxer ontmo antnocrn, n nosrnannxnmn amepnxancxym enerannm
na neperonopax n 1990-x roax no npoexry nporoxona x Konnennnn o nono-
rnuecxom n roxcnnnom opyxnn, yrnepxan: Ham npnercx ceptesno say-
martcx o npnnneuennn nncnexropon pasnnuntx xnann]nxann, yconepmencr-
nonannn omena pasneanntmn n pacmnpennn nonx exrentnocrn sa pamxn
oxnnenntx nannonantntx oexron
8
.

4
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (cnocxa 70), para. 75.
5
Panel of experts established pursuant to Resolution 1874 (cnocxa 703), para. 76.
6
Agence France-Presse, Greece seizes N. Korea chemical weapons suits: diplomats, Korea
Herald, 17 Nov. 2011.
7
Smith, R. J., Warrick, J. and Lynch, C., Iran may have sent Libya shells for chemical weap-
ons, Washington Post, 21 Nov. 2011. B xnnape 2012 r. npecrannrent O3XO omnouno saxnnn,
uro +rn cnapxt ne tnn sanonnent OB. Bnocnecrnnn O3XO onynnxonana pasxcnenne, n
xoropom ronopnnoct, uro cnapxt coepxann OB.
8
Cm.: Hart, J. and Kile, S. N., Libyas renunciation of NBC weapons and longer-range mis-
sile programmes, SIPRI Yearbook 2005, pp. 629648. Kommenrapnn Manex cm. n: Smith et al.
(cnocxa 74).
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 449
Mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Hpana orpnnan, uro ero crpana nocrannxna
Hnnnn noonte cnapxt, n nasnan raxne onnnennx ]opmo mxrxo no-
nt
9
. Co cropont O3XO ne nocneonano nnxaxnx o]nnnantntx xommenra-
pnen no +romy nonpocy. Bosmoxnocrt O3XO ocymecrnnxrt nponepxn na mec-
rax, ne xnnxmmnxcx oxnnenntmn oexramn, uacrnuno sanncnr or roron-
nocrn cropon cneonart nponeype nncnexnn no sanpocy, npeycmorpenno
Konnennne o xnmnuecxom opyxnn 1993 r. (noonax nponeypa nnxora ne
tna saecrnonana)
10
. Tem ne menee O3XO npoonxaer roronnrt nepconan x
nponeennm raxoro poa nncnexnn na cnyua, ecnn onn norpeymrcx.


Cnpnn

B pasnetnarentntx opranax CBA nonaramr, uro Cnpnx nmeer n cnoem
pacnopxxennn sapnn, BH-ras n cepnncrt nnpnr, a raxxe paxernte n aprnn-
nepncxne cnapxt nx nx ocranxn
11
. Anonnmnte ncrounnxn ns uncna e-
crnymmnx n orcranntx amepnxancxnx onxnocrntx nnn cunramr, uro n Cn-
pnn nmeercx xax mnnnmym nxrt oexron, na xoroptx nponsnoxrcx xnmn-
uecxne oente arenrt, nxnmuax nnpnr, sapnn n nn-ras
12
. Yrnepxaercx, uro
+rn oexrt pacnonoxent n Anenno, amacxe, Xame n Haraxnn, a raxxe uro
nexoropte oexrt no nponsnocrny xnmnuecxoro opyxnx naxoxrcx na no-
enntx asax, re xpanxrcx paxert Cxa
13
. B cnxsn c +rnm Iocyapcrnennt
enapramenr CBA saxnnn: Mt anno npnstnaem cnpncxoe npannrentcrno
orxasartcx or sanacon xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n npncoennnrtcx x Konnennnn o
xnmnuecxom opyxnn Mt yexent, uro cnpncxne sanact xnmnuecxoro
opyxnx ocramrcx no npannrentcrnenntm xonrponem n uro ero craryc ocra-
ercx nensmenntm. Y Cnpnn nmemrcx sanact nepnno-napannrnuecxnx orpan-
nxmmnx nemecrn, a raxxe nexoropoe xonnuecrno nnpnra, n mt yem npo-
onxart recno corpynnuart co crpanamn, pasenxmmnmn namy nosnnnm, c
rem urot rapanrnponart nepacnpocrpanenne +rnx marepnanon
14
.

9
Iran denies claims of supplying chemical weapon parts to Al-Qadhafi regime, Islamic Re-
public of Iran News Network Television, 22 Nov. 2011, 9:33:05, Open Source Center transcript.
Cpecrna maccono nn]opmannn, no-nnnmomy, ne opamannct x nonpocy o rom, tnn nn +rn
cnapxt nesanncnmo or nx nponcxoxennx nycrtmn, xora (nnn ecnn) nx roronnnn x or-
npanxe n Hnnnm.
10
Cm. Konnennnm o xnmnuecxom opyxnn, crartm IX, nn. 825; n Hpnnoxenne no nponep-
xe, uacrn XXI.
11
Solomon, J., U.S., Israel monitor suspected Syrian WMD, Wall Street Journal, 27 Aug. 2011.
12
Solomon, J. (cnocxa 11).
13
Solomon, J. (cnocxa 78).
14
US Department of State, Daily press briefing, 30 Aug. 2011, <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/
prs/dpb/2011/08/171281.htm>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 450
IV. HPEOTBPABEHHE HCHOHI3OBAHH XFO H MEPI
PEAIHPOBAHH

xon XAPT

B 2011 r. orxptnnct ononnnrentnte noponocrn paccneonannx n
CBA ena o nnctmax co cnopamn cnnpcxo xsnt, xoropoe naunnax c ox-
rxpx 2001 r. neno ueepantnoe mpo paccneonann (uFP)
1
. B nenrpe nnn-
mannx oxasancx nonpoc o rom, xax mnnncrepcrno mcrnnnn ycranonnno, uro
+rn nnctma pacctnan Fpmc Annnc, amepnxancxn noennt mnxpononor, n
uro on ecrnonan n onnouxy. Cneonarenn ns mnnncrepcrna mcrnnnn ona-
pyxnnn n ncnxnarpnuecxom anamnese Annnca naxnte ononnnrentnte
xocnennte oxasarentcrna ero nnnonnocrn. Tem ne menee amepnxancxax Ha-
nnonantnax axaemnx nayx onynnxonana oxna, n xoropom ronopnrcx, uro
nenosmoxno rouno ycranonnrt ncrounnx Bacillus anthracis [cnop cnnpcxo
xsnt] ns nncem, ocnontnaxct ncxnmunrentno na ocrynntx nayuntx an-
ntx
2
. Konrpecc CBA npoonxnr paccmorpenne +roro ena n 2012 r.
B 2011 r. Ynpannenne OOH no nonpocam pasopyxennx n Ienepantnt
cexperapt OOH nonncann memopanym o nsanmononnmannn co Bcemnpno
oprannsanne spanooxpanennx (BO3) ornocnrentno nonnomoun Ienepant-
noro cexperapx no paccneonannm npenonaraemtx cnyuaen npnmenennx xn-
mnuecxoro n nonornuecxoro opyxnx
3
. Hpoonxannct neperonopt no pyrnm
memopanymam: co Bcemnpno oprannsanne no oxpane sopontx xnnorntx
n Oprannsanne no sanpemennm xnmnuecxoro opyxnx.
B anrycre 2011 r. Paouax rpynna no npeornpamennm nanaenn c nc-
nontsonannem opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx n pearnponannm na nnx, xoro-
pax nsxna na cex uacrt ]ynxnn Heneno rpynnt no ocymecrnnennm xonrp-
reppopncrnuecxnx meponpnxrn n noepxxy Inoantno xonrpreppopncrn-
uecxo crparernn OOH 2006 r., npnsnana x ycnnennm xoopnnannn ecrnn
mexy ncemn sannrepeconanntmn mexynapontmn cyexramn n yxpenne-
nnm norennnana pearnponannx na pernonantnom, nannonantnom n mecrnom
yponnxx
4
. B oruere Paoue rpynnt ronopnrcx o rom, uro ecnn neymne mex-

1
Guillemin, J., American Anthrax: Fear, Crime, and the Investigation of the Nations Deadli-
est Bioterror Attack (Times Books: New York, 2011).
2
Amerithrax Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel, Report of the Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel
(Research Strategies Network: Vienna, VA, 2011), p. 2; n National Research Council, Review of the
Scientific Approaches Used during the FBIs Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters (National
Academies Press: Washington, DC, 2011), p. 4. Cm. raxxe: US Public Broadcasting Service, The
anthrax files, Frontline, 11 Oct. 2011, <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/ anthrax- files/>.
3
United Nations, Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF), Interagency Coor-
dination in the Event of a Terrorist Attack using Chemical or Biological Weapons or Materials
(United Nations: New York, Aug. 2011), para. 152; n United Nations, Office for Disarmament
Affairs, Memorandum of Understanding between the World Health Organization and the United
Nations concerning WHOs support to the Secretary-Generals mechanism for investigation of the
alleged use of chemical, biological or toxin weapons, 31 Jan. 2011, <http://www.un.org/disarma-
ment/WMD/Secretary-General_Mechanism/>.
4
Inoantnax xonrpreppopncrnuecxax crparernx OOH n ee Hnan ecrnn coepxarcx n
Pesonmnnn Ienepantno Accamnen OOH 60/288 or 20 cenrxpx 2006 r.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 451
ynaponte arenrcrna no opte c xepntmn n panonornuecxnmn pncxamn
ocrarouno cncremnt, ro oprannsannn, sannmammnecx yrposamn, ncxoxmn-
mn or xnmnuecxoro n nonornuecxoro opyxnx, onpeennrt cnoxnee onn
nmemr nenonnte manart n pasnnuntx orpacnxx exrentnocrn, cnxsanno
c npeornpamennem, npornnoecrnnem n nnxnnanne nocnecrnn ncnont-
sonannx XFO
5
.
B 2011 r. nnrepner-nor US Trade & Aid Monitor onynnxonan nepnnu-
nte oxymenrt n nn]opmannm o nnannpyemtx Coennenntmn Braramn
npnpoonoccranonnrentntx paorax no Btername c nentm ycrpannrt no-
cnecrnnx npnmenennx na reppnropnn +ro crpant e]onnanron n 1960-x
nauane 1970-x roon
6
.


Hayunme nccneonannn

B xonne 2011 r. ne nccneonarentcxne rpynnt ona n CBA, pyrax
n Hnepnanax onynnxonann npenapnrentnte pesyntrart paort no nsme-
nennm nnpynenrnocrn mramma nnpyca nrnutero rpnnna A (H5N1). Pyxono-
crnyxct coopaxennxmn noesonacnocrn n nosamnrt, Hannonantnt na-
yuno-xoncyntrarnnnt coner no noesonacnocrn CBA (NSABB) nnepnte sa
npemx cnoe paort c 2005 r. norpeonan or yuentx nosepxartcx or nynnxa-
nn nexoroptx pesyntraron cnonx nccneonann
7
. B annom cnyuae NSABB
nmeer na +ro npano, rax xax oe nccneonarentcxne rpynnt nonyuann ]nnan-
cnponanne or amepnxancxnx rocyapcrnenntx yupexenn spanooxpanennx.
Ha uernepro ncrpeue Enponecxo nayuno paoue rpynnt no rpnnny
(ESWI), npomeme n cenrxpe 2011 r., -p Pon uymte ns Mennnncxoro nenrpa
nm. 3pasma Porrepamcxoro, nosrnannxmmn nnepnancxym nccneonarent-
cxym rpynny, npecrannn nonyuennte pesyntrart, xoropte emoncrpnpymr, xax
nsmenennt mramm nnpyca nrnutero rpnnna cnocoen nerxo nepeanartcx mex-
y xoptxamn, xoroptx uymte ncnontsonan nx nsyuennx uenoneuecxnx nn]ex-
nn
8
. Amepnxancxym nccneonarentcxym rpynny nosrnannxer -p Homnxnpo Ka-
naoxa, corpynnx Ynnnepcnrera mr. Bncxoncnn n Toxncxoro ynnnepcnrera.
Ipynna uymte orocnana pesyntrart cnoero nccneonannx n xypnan Science,
a rpynna Kanaoxa n xypnan Nature. Peaxnnonnax xonnernx Nature sax-
nnna, uro ona yer ocyxart c nccneonarenxmn rpeonannx NSABB.

5
United Nations, Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (cnocxa 843).
6
Da Nang Agent-Orange/dioxin technical documents obtained, US Trade & Aid Monitor
blog, 23 May 2011, <http://www.tradeaidmonitor.com/2011/05/da-nang-agent-orangedioxin-technical-
documents-obtained.html>.
7
C 2003 roa no 5 xnnapx 2012 r. BO3 saperncrpnponan 576 cnyuaen sapaxennx nnpycom
rpnnnom A (H5N1), 339 ns xoroptx saxonunnnct cmeprentntm ncxoom. Yponent cmeprnocrn
(oxono 50%), nepoxrno, oxasancx santmenntm ns-sa roro, uro o nexoroptx cnyuaxx saonena-
nnx ne coomanoct, n rom uncne noromy, uro nn]nnnponannte ntsopannnnann es caun
anannson. World Health Organization (WHO), Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to WHO, 20032011, <http://www.who.int/influenza/human_
animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/index.html>.
8
European Scientific Working Group on Influenza (ESWI), Fourth ESWI Influenza Confer-
ence, Malta, 1114 Sep. 2011, <http://www.eswiconference.org/>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 452
3rn nccneonannx nnnmcrpnpymr pacrymne nosmoxnocrn yuentx no
mannnynxnnn n cosannm narorenon c nontmn xapaxrepncrnxamn. NSABB
paccmorpen npecrannennte npoexrt crare n saxnnn, uro onn ne moryr trt
onynnxonant nennxom c nonntmn anntmn n eranxmn +xcnepnmenron, a
raxxe uro neoxonmo ononnnrt rexcr yxasannem, n uacrnocrn: (a) nene
nccneonannx, (b) norennnantno nontst nx omecrnennoro spanooxpane-
nnx, (c) ntnonnennoro o nauana nccneonannx anannsa pncxon, (d) oecneue-
nnx rapanrn noesonacnocrn n cnxsanntx c +rnm mep, (e) meroon nosa-
mnrt n conmennx nonoxenn no xonrponm sa ocoo onacntmn narorena-
mn, a raxxe ( f ) cctnxamn, nocnxmenntmn noesonacnocrn, nosamnre n
rnrnene rpya, [uro] xnnxercx +nemenrom ornercrnennoro nponeennx nmtx
nccneonann n onacrn nonornuecxnx nayx. He concem xcno, xax nonoxe-
nnx o xonrpone sa ocoo onacntmn narorenamn yyr npnmenxrtcx n orno-
mennn neamepnxancxnx oprannsann, nonyuammnx rpanrt CBA. Tem ne
menee cornaconanne raxnx cranapron na mexynaponom yponne xnnxercx
omenonnrnuecxo saaue, nanpnmep, n pamxax Ancrpanncxo rpynnt.
NSABB raxxe saxnnn, uro npannrentcrno CBA onxno noompxrt anropon
npecrannxrt cnennantnte nn]opmannonnte/noxcnnrentnte nnctma n
xypnant ornocnrentno nccneonann nonoro nasnauennx
9
.
BO3 saxnnna, uro ona rnyoxo oecnoxoena norennnantntmn nerarnn-
ntmn nocnecrnnxmn +rnx nccneonann
10
. B xnnape 2012 r. ona norpeona-
na nanoxnrt 6-nennt moparopn na nponeenne raxnx nccneonann nx
roro, urot sa +ro npemx npenoxnrt rocyapcrnam unenam BO3 paccmor-
pert nonpoc o neoxonmocrn npnnxrnx coornercrnymmnx pemenn n onpe-
enennn noxoon. Hexoropte +xcneprt n anannrnxn ntpasnnn ecnoxocr-
no, uro noonte nccneonannx npononnpymr neonpanannt pncx cnyua-
noro nponnxnonennx mon]nnnponannoro nnpyca sa npeent naoparopnn, a
raxxe, uro onn moryr nocxasart rocyapcrnam nnn nerocyapcrnenntm cy-
exram necranaprnte merot araxn c npnmenennem nonornuecxoro opyxnx.
pyrne +xcneprt n anannrnxn, nanpornn, yrnepxamr, uro naxno nyume no-
nxrt mexannsmt, c nomomtm xoroptx nnpyct rpnnna naunnamr tcrpo ne-
peanartcx or uenonexa x uenonexy
11
. Pasnornacnx raxxe ntsnan nonpoc o rom,
nosmoxno nn n xaxnm opasom nsmennrt nccneonarentcxn npoexr, urot on
cran menee yxsnnmtm c rouxn spennx pacnpocrpanennx.

9
US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), National Science Advisory
Board for Biosecurity Recommendations, 21 Nov. 2011, <http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/
2012/0120sp_flu.shtml>.
10
World Health Organization (WHO), WHO concerned that new H5N1 influenza research
could undermine the 2011 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, Press statement, 30
Dec. 2011, <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2011/pip_framework_20111229/en/
index.html>
11
Y nrnn mramm nnpyca A (H5N1) nopaxaer rnanntm opasom xenyouno-xnmeunt
rpaxr n ntenxercx no nnemnmm cpey c ]exannxmn, n ro npemx xax n oprannsme uenonexa
+ror mramm n nepnym ouepet naxoxr n opranax txarentntx nyre (nerxne, noc n ropno), a
ntenxercx on uepes cnnsncrte oonouxn n co cnmno. Yuente onapyxnnn, uro nsmenennx
n rene PB2 nosnonxmr nnpycy pasmnoxartcx npn remneparype na 4
o
C nnxe, uem remneparypa n
nnmenapnrentnom xanane nrnn. Hmn n nrnnt raxxe nmemr cxoxne xnerounte penenropt
(ant]a-2,3 n ant]a-2,6 coornercrnenno).
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 453
Boccranonnenne HK n cexnennponanne paspymenntx (pennnx) n
nontx renomon cranonnrcx nce onee pacnpocrpanenntm xnnennem rnanntm
opasom ns-sa tcrpo conepmencrnymmnxcx rexnonorn no ntenennm, y-
nnnxannn n cexnennponannm conpemenntx n pennnx ]parmenron HK. Ta-
xne nccneonannx amr onee nonnoe npecrannenne o ]ynxnnonnponannn
onesnernopntx mnxpooprannsmon n npnpoe conyrcrnymmnx ]axropon nn-
pynenrnocrn. 12 oxrxpx 2011 r. xypnan Nature onynnxonan uepnonym
pacmn]ponxy renoma Yersinia pestis (nosynrenx yonno uymt), nsnneuen-
noro ns ocranxon xeprn uepno cmeprn n ornocnnmerocx xo npemenn cyme-
crnonannx mramma, c xoroptm cnxstnann +nnemnm uymt n Honone n 1348
1350 rr. pennne opasnt tnn nsxrt ns syon xeprn, a HK conpemenntx
mrammon Y. pestis ncnontsonanact n xauecrne xomnnemenrapno marpnnt nx
ncropnuecxoro mramma. Ananns renernuecxo crpyxrypt mramma, nxnmuax
ero ]nnorenes, ne orxptnaer nnxaxnx ynnxantntx nocneonarentnocre
no cpannennm c remn, xoropte cymecrnymr n npnpoe ceronx, no+romy npn
+nnemnonornuecxom anannse neoxonmo cocpeorounrtcx na nsyuennn ne
ornocxmnxcx x renernxe mnxpooprannsmon ]axropax, raxnx xax oxpyxammax
cpea, nnamnxa nexropa n nocnpnnmunnocrt nocnrenx x saonenannm
12
.
Hccneonarenn ntrannct nonxrt, nouemy mramm, xoropt cran npnunno
uepno cmeprn, tn nacrontxo nnpynenrntm. Cpen nosmoxntx npnunn:
(a) eme ne ycranonnennte acnexrt crpyxrypnponannx renon n xpomocomax,
(b) nepoxrno, ntmax nocnpnnmunnocrt nacenennx Enpont n XIV n. x +ro
axrepnn, (c) xomnnannx ]axropon oxpyxamme cpet, cpen xoroptx nn-
rentnte nepnot renno norot n ntcoxo nnaxnocrn, a raxxe ontmax
uncnennocrt rptsynon n anrncannrapnte ycnonnx xnsnn n ro, n pyroe
tno ocoenno xapaxrepno nx roro npemenn. Onn ns pyxononrene nccne-
onannx, -p Xenpnx Honep, yxasan na tcrpte remnt nayuno-
rexnnuecxoro nporpecca, ormernn, uro yuente npx nn cmornn t nsnneut
+ror renom n 2009 r.
13



Hepcnex1nnm nayxn n 1exnonornn

Pasnnrne nayxn n rexnonorn n nacroxmem n yymem crannr nepe mn-
pontm coomecrnom px cnoxntx nonpocon n c]epe xonrponx sa xnmnue-
cxnm n nonornuecxnm opyxnem: uro xnnxercx exrentnocrtm, npecran-
nxmme nnrepec; xaxon onxen trt nonnrnuecxn noxo c yuerom xax
omnx nayuno-rexnonornuecxnx renennn n nanpannennocrn, rax n xon-
xperntx nnon nccneonarentcxo exrentnocrn, morymnx n yymem norpe-
onart perynnponannx n npounx amnnncrparnnntx mep; xaxnm yer n nn-

12
Schuenemann, V. J. et al., Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1
plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death, Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 38 (20 Sep. 2011), pp. E746E752; and Bos, K. I. et al., A draft genome
of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death, Nature, vol. 478 (27 Oct. 2011), pp. 506510.
13
US Public Broadcasting Service, Reconstructing Black Death: why was plague microbe so
deadly?, Interview of HendrickPoinar by Ray Suarez, Newshour, 13 Oct. 2011, <http://www.pbs.
org/newshour/bb/health/july-dec11/blackdeath_1013.html>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 454
xamne 1020 ner xonrexcr peannsannn Konnennnn o nonornuecxom n rox-
cnnnom opyxnn 1972 r. n Konnennnn o xnmnuecxom opyxnn 1993 r.
14
?
Mnorouncnennte ocrnxennx nayxn n rexnnxn ymnoxnnn oem sna-
nn, marepnanon n rexnonorn, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant nenane-
xamnm opasom n cnyuae npnmenennx nayxn n anrnrymanntx nenxx. Tem ne
menee camn no cee +rn ocrnxennx ne npnnoxr x noxnnennm nontx cpecrn
neennx nont. Fontmee snauenne nmeer xonrexcr, n xoropom ocymecrnnxer-
cx nayunax exrentnocrt. Hanpnmep, nporpammt no onenxe yrpos n nosamn-
re (n sanncnmocrn or roro, xax onn oprannsonant n peannsymrcx) n cnyuae
neocrarouno rpancnapenrnocrn moryr ntsnart ecnoxocrno y pyrnx ro-
cyapcrnenntx n nerocyapcrnenntx axropon ornocnrentno nx npanomepno-
crn nnn nenn. 3ro n cnom ouepet moxer nerarnnno cxasartcx na cranntno-
crn pexnmon KFTO n KXO. Tem ne menee npannrentcrna ne oxsant onpee-
nxrt n pasxcnxrt cymnocrt xonxpernoro nccneonannx. Xorx monnropnnr
nayuntx paspaorox moxer nomout nenrn]nnnponart nonte orxptrnx nnn
nanpannennx nayuno-nccneonarentcxo exrentnocrn, art ncecroponnmm
onenxy nx snauennx nx yymero yxasanntx pexnmon. B uacrnocrn, rocy-
apcrna onxnt xcno npecrannxrt, moryr nn +rn nonte nayunte nccneona-
nnx n orxptrnx npnnecrn x cmene napanrm n, cneonarentno, norpeonart
nontx noxoon n mep n c]epe xonrponx sa XFO. Taxo ananns moxno npo-
nonrt (xax nnnnnyantno, rax n xonnexrnnno) n pamxax saceann crpan
unenon KFTO n KXO. Hmte mexannsmt nayuno-rexnonornuecxo onenxn
onxnt trt cncremarnuecxnmn n ocnonanntmn na ncecroponnem yuacrnn.
B rom, uro xacaercx nonnrnuecxnx orneron na nayuno-rexnonornuecxn
nporpecc, npnpoa nayxn rpeyer xomnnannn nenrpannsonannoro perynnpo-
nannx, ocnonannoro na npnnnnnax n nopmax KFTO n KXO, c nnnnnyant-
ntmn nnnnnarnnamn no camoperynnponannm n oponontntmn ecrnnxmn
no nontmennm rpancnapenrnocrn n ornercrnennocrn n nayuno-nccneona-
rentcxo exrentnocrn. Taxxe naxno nsanmoecrnne mexy npannrentcrna-
mn n perynnpymmnmn opranamn, c ono cropont, n nayxo n npomtmnen-
nocrtm c pyro. Yuentm neoxonma cnooa nponeennx nccneonann n
nynnxannn nontx orxptrn n meronx. Hpomtmnennocrn neoxonmt
npecxasyemte n cnpanennnte npannna nrpt nx nponeennx nayuno-
nccneonarentcxnx paor c conmennem nopm KFTO n KXO, a raxxe coor-
nercrnymmne mexannsmt paspemennx cnopntx nonpocon no nx ntnonnennm
pyrnmn yuacrnnxamn +rnx xonnennn. 3aaua, raxnm opasom, xnnxercx
myntrnncnnnnnnapno n ncxonr ns connaammnx nnrepecon n c]ep orner-
crnennocrn npannrentcrn, nsneca n nayunoro coomecrna. 3]]exrnnnt
xonrpont na xnmnuecxnm n nonornuecxnm opyxnem rpeyer couerannx
rpannnonnoro nopmarnnno-npanonoro perynnponannx n onee rnxoro no-
xoa, ocnonannoro na corpynnuecrne mnpoxoro xpyra axropon.
Cnoxno npecxasart, n xaxnx ycnonnxx yer npoxonrt peannsannx
KFTO n KXO n yymem. Hnna, npnnnmammne nonnrnuecxne pemennx, n +xc-

14
uacrnuno ocnonano na: Hart, J. and Trapp, R., Science and technology and their impacts
on the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: a synthesis report on preparing for the Seventh
Review Conference and future challenges, SIPRI, Dec. 2011, <http://www.sipri.org/research/
disarmament/bw/publications/btwc111212.pdf>. Cm. raxxe UN Office at Geneva, Disarmament:
think zone for the Seventh Review Conference, <http://www.unog.ch/bwc/thinkzone>.
XHMHHECKHE H BHOHOIHHECKHE MATEPHAHB 455
neprt onxnt cocpeorounrtcx na xnmuentx renennnxx n onpeenxmmnx
]axropax, mnorne nnn axe ontmnncrno ns xoroptx moxno ntxnnrt yxe
ceuac. Hanpnmep, no mepe yemennennx ocnonntx ntcoxo+]]exrnnntx
rexnonorn (raxnx, xax nn]opmannonnte rexnonornn, cnnres n cxpnnnnr) n
pocra mexynaponoro norennnana nx npnmenennx rpannnonnoe pasene-
nne mexy onopamn n pennnnenramn n c]epe omena rexnonornxmn
yer cranonnrtcx nce menee snaunmtm. Mnponoe coomecrno yxe xnner n
+noxy nocrpacnpocrpanennx, xoropax nce n mentme crenenn xapaxrepnsy-
ercx pacnpocrpanennem pasnnuntx nnon noopyxenn n nce n ontme
ynennunnammnmcx ocrynom x nayuno-rexnnuecxomy nporpeccy n cnocono-
crtm npnnxrt n nem yuacrne.
Hecmorpx na nmmanenrno cyexrnnnym (xauecrnennym) npnpoy ana-
nnsa yrpos, ncxoxmnx or XFO, yuente n rexnnuecxne +xcneprt, paoram-
mne na rocyapcrnennte nncrnryrt, n npnnnnne ocosnamr raxne yrpost
npn ycnonnn, uro coornercrnymmne nannonantnte crpyxrypt opnenrnpona-
nt na ro, urot npnnnmart nx no nnnmanne. Herocyapcrnennte axropt
reppopncrt n npecnonyrte xycrapn-onnouxn ne pacnonaramr nn oc-
rarouno aso, nn nosmoxnocrtm ocrnut roro xe yponnx cnoxnocrn paspa-
orox n nponsnocrnenno momnocrn. pyro naxnt napaoxc xypnna n
xno: ne cranyr nn saxnnennx o yrposax (uacro ntcxastnaemte remn, xro
ne sannmaercx nayuno-rexnnuecxnmn paspaorxamn) crnmynom nx Ant-
Kant n e noontx paccmarpnnart nosmoxnocrt nnn crpemnrtcx x npn-
operennm coornercrnymmero xnmnuecxoro n nonornuecxoro opyxnx
15
.
Bosnnxamr n onee omne nonpoct: xax onpeennrt crenent sanncnmo-
crn nocnpnxrnx yrpos or peantntx nnrepecon n exrentnocrn nerocyapcr-
nenntx cyexron; xnnxercx nn n xaxnm opasom namepennoe pacnpocrpane-
nne onesne opyxnem macconoro nopaxennx; moryr nn rocyapcrna ocrnut
aconmrno esonacnocrn nnn xe onn onxnt onpeennrt npnopnrert n
pacnpeenxrt pecypct (xauecrnenno n xonnuecrnenno) mexy pasnnuntmn
yrposamn c yuerom oocnonanno n canancnponanno nepapxnn pncxon.
Ycranonxa npnopnreron npenonaraer, uro nnna, npnnnmammne pemennx n
onpeenxmmne nonnrnuecxn xypc (a raxxe mnpoxax omecrnennocrt),
onxnt c nonnmannem ornocnrtcx x pasntm onenxam n mnennxm.

15
Stenersen, A., Al-Qaidas Quest for Weapons of Mass Destruction: The History behind the
Hype (VDM Verlag Dr Mller: Saarbrcken, 2008), p. 29.
10. KOHTPOAB HA OBBHHBMH
BOOPYEHHRMH


KPATKHH OF3OP

Hec+omp ua mo, :mo ece eocyoapcmea saoomum eonpoc o mo+, cnocooeu
.u ux eoeuui nomeuua. cmami oqqermueui+ npomueooecmeue+ yeposa+
(pea.iui+ u.u c:umamuu+c maroei+u), ece ouu mar+e cmpe+mc r oo-
cy+oeuum oepauu:euu, uar.aoieae+ix ua paseumue eoeuuix eos+o+uo-
cme opye opyea. Hcr.m:a ueromopi npoepecc, romopi +o+uo oi.o ua-
o.moami e cmpauax P+uo A+epuru u Peo-Bocmo:uo Eeponi, oo.iuuu-
cmeo cooimu e oo.acmu roumpo. uao ooi:ui+u eoopy+euu+u e 2011 e.
oi.u +a.oooeuamuu+u, nocro.iry eocyoapcmea ue +e.a.u us+eumi ceou
nosuuu, :mooi cnocoocmeoeami sar.m:euum coe.aueuu rar ua e.ooa.i-
uo+, mar u ua peeuoua.iuo+ ypoeue.
Tpu r.m:eeix qarmopa cosoamm c.o+uocmu e oo.acmu coeepueucmeo-
eauu roumpo. uao ooi:ui+u eoopy+euu+u. Bo-nepeix, oepo+uie u no-
cmouuo pacmyuue quuaucoeie e.ueauu CLA e ceo eoeuui nomeuua.
oe.amm ueeos+o+ui+ uaxo+oeuue coa.aucupoeauuix peueuu. Bo.ee moeo,
ca+a cmpameeu paseumu eoeuuo +ouu CLA, c ee ycu.ueamuu+c areu-
mo+ ua euoroe npoeupoeauue cu.i, cosoaem yeposy o. peeuoua.iuoeo
roumpo. uao eoopy+euu+u. Bo-emopix, y:umiea po cooimu, cesau-
uix c mexuo.oeu:ecru+ paseumue+, nora ue coece+ cuo, rarue eoeuuie eos-
+o+uocmu oyoym ooecne:ueami eoeuuym +oui e uacmouee epe+ u e oyoy-
ue+. Hanpu+ep, eonpoci o nomeuua.iuo+ eosoecmeuu ruoepopy+u u
cucme+ npomueoparemuo ooopoui sampyouu.u onpeoe.euue cqepi oecm-
eu roumpo. uao eoopy+euu+u, nocro.iry cmpaui menepi nimammc oo-
.ee :emro noumi noc.eocmeu mex u.u uuix oepauu:euu, romopie ouu +o-
eym npuumi. B-mpemiux, omcymcmeue coe.acoeauuix npaeu. no noeooy uc-
no.isoeauu cu.i a npu+eumic oua +o+em, rar :acmo oer.apupyemc,
rooi e roucmpyrmueuix e.x, u ue mo.iro e ra:ecmee ooopouume.iuix +ep
e omeem ua aepeccum omumoi ue cnocoocmeyem mo+y, :mooi cmpaui om-
rasiea.uci om ceoux eoeuuix eos+o+uocme, oa+e e cu.y ey+auumapuix
ooeoooe e no.isy no.umuru coep+auuocmu.
B omuoueuuu ueromopix euooe opy+u marux rar npomueonexomuie
+uui u raccemuie ooenpunaci eocyoapcmea+ oi.o c.o+uo uaxooumi ro+-
npo+ucc +e+oy e.+u coocmeeuuo eoeuuo oesonacuocmu u ey+auumap-
ui+u uumepeca+u. Koueeuu 1997 e. no npomueonexomui+ +uua+ u Kou-
eeuu 2008 e. no raccemui+ ooenpunaca+ (KKB) e.mmc npu+epa+u co-
e.aueuu, ocuoeauuix ua npuuune, :mo oa+e ec.u oauuoe opy+ue oaem
ueromopie eoeuuie npeu+yuecmea, ouo me+ ue +euee oo.+uo oimi oepauu-
:euo u.u sanpeueuo, nocro.iry ey+auumapuie noc.eocmeu eeo ucno.isoea-
uu nepeeeuueamm .moym eoeuuym eieooy. V:acmuuru omux oeyx roueeuu
npooo.+u.u ux coo.moami e 2011 e., moeoa rar y:acmuuru Koueeuuu o sa-
npeueuuu u.u oepauu:euuu npu+eueuu rourpemuix euooe ooi:uoeo opy+u
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 457
(Koueeuuu o ueey+auuo+ opy+uu, KHO) 1981 e. ue c+oe.u ooeoeopumic e
omuoueuuu onpeoe.muux npaeu. npomoro.a, cesauuix c ucno.isoeauue+
raccemuix ooenpunacoe u sanpeueuue+ mex us uux, romopie u+emm ocooeu-
uo naeyoui oqqerm (c+. pasoe. I omo e.aei). B uacmouee epe+ +e+oy-
uapoouoe cooouecmeo pasoe.u.oci ua oee epynni eocyoapcme. Ooua us uux
eicmynaem sa no.uoe sanpeueuue raccemuix ooenpunacoe ua ocuoee coe.a-
coeauu u npuumu omu+u eocyoapcmea+u omoe.iuo Koueeuuu (KKB).
pyea epynna cocmoum us eocyoapcme, romopie ue cesieamm ceo raru+u-
.uoo oouu+u npaeu.a+u, rpo+e sarouoe eoui.
Bieumucru n.au oecmeu, npuumi e 2010 e. e ra:ecmee pyroeo-
ocmea no eino.ueuum KKB, e.emc npu+epo+ opyeoeo nooxooa, romopi
uuoeoa uasieamm nparmu:ecru+ pasopy+euue+. Ou uae.eu ua mo, :mo-
oi cooecmeoeami nepexooy r +upuo +usuu ua nocmrouq.urmuix meppu-
mopux nyme+ eapaumupoeauu, :mo opy+ue oyoem uaxooumic noo coom-
eemcmeymue oxpauo, .uoo nyme+ coopa u yuu:mo+euu opy+u, romopoe
c:umaemc us.uuuu+ u.u cosoamuu+ uenpue+.e+ym yeposy o. epa+oaucro-
eo uace.euu u o.orupymuu+ orouo+u:ecroe eoccmauoe.euue ua nocmrou-
q.urmuix meppumopux.
Po npoeccoe e cqepe roumpo. uao ooi:ui+u eoopy+euu+u oi. ua-
npae.eu ua ooecne:euue roumpo. uao eoeuuo oeme.iuocmim eocyoapcme
nyme+ npusuauu uesarouui+ orcnopma onpeoe.euuo eoeuuo npooyruu oes
npeoeapume.iuo oeuru pucra, cesauuoeo c nepeoa:e opy+u, coomeem-
cmeymuu+u eocyoapcmeeuui+u opeaua+u cmpau-orcnopmepoe. Honimru
y.y:uumi mexuu:ecrym oqqermueuocmi cucme+ orcnopmuoeo roumpo. npo-
oo.+u.uci e 2011 e. e pa+rax e.ooa.iuix u peeuoua.iuix opeauusau, a
mar+e ueqop+a.iuix pe+u+oe, marux rar Pe+u+ roumpo. sa paremui+u
mexuo.oeu+u u Bacceuaapcrue ooeoeopeuuocmu (c+. pasoe. II). Oouaro oo-
uu nooxoo r oeure npue+.e+oeo pucra ocmaemc ooeo.iuo pas+imi+ u
om.u:aemc om e.aeuix pyroeoouux npuuunoe, coe.acoeauuix e 1990-x ee.
Jrcnopmui roumpo.i ue npeono.aeaem omras e nocmaerax (ua oe.e
omrasi oieamm peoro), u oa+e roeoa e onpeoe.euuo coe.re omrasauo, omo
peueuue ue c.y+am cueua.o+ ocy+oeuu cmpaui u.u opeauusauu, romopa
no.y:u.a omras. B om.u:ue om +ep orcnopmuoeo roumpo. o+oapeo ua no-
cmaeru opy+u uuporue oepauu:euu, uar.aoieae+ie ua nocmaery u.u
no.y:euue onpeoe.euuix euooe eoopy+euu ooosua:euuo e roumparme cmo-
pouo e.mmc oepauu:ume.iui+u +epa+u, romopie eipa+amm ueoooo-
peuue u.u u+emm e.im us+euumi noeeoeuue ooerma. Coeem Besonacuocmu
OOH ua.o+u. e 2011 e. eue oouo uoeoe o+oapeo ua nocmaeru eoopy+euu
e Hueum, oosame.iuoe o. ecex cmpau, oouaro ue c+oe coe.acoeami o+oapeo
ua nocmaeru opy+u e Cupum (c+. pasoe. III). B mo +e epe+ o+oapeo ua
nocmaeru opy+u e Cupum ua.o+u.u Huea apaocrux eocyoapcme (HAI) (ouo
cma.o nepei+ o+oapeo e ucmopuu opeauusauu), a mar+e Eeponecru coms.
Hauoo.ee xopouo paseum pe+u+ roumpo. uao ooi:ui+u eoopy+e-
uu+u e Eepone, eoe ou qyuruouupyem rar ca+ooepauu:ume.iua +epa, ua-
npae.euua ua cooecmeue oocmu+euum cmpameeu:ecro cmaou.iuocmu u
qop+upoeauum oa.auca eoeuuix cu. e yrasauuo+ peeuoue. Ho+u+o moeo, :mo
ou orasa. ea+uoe e.uuue ua :uc.euuocmi u cocmae eoopy+euuix cu. e ne-
puoo noc.e xo.oouo eoui, pe+u+ roumpo. uao eoopy+euu+u ooecne:u.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 458
cosoauue pa+o:uo ocuoei, ua ocuoee romopo eeponecrue cmpaui +oeym
oocy+oami eoeuuo-mexuu:ecrue us+epeuu oesonacuocmu e Eepone. Peue-
uu, npuumie e 2011 e., cma.u cueua.o+ moeo, :mo e.aeuie armopi e Op-
eauusauu Ceeepoam.aumu:ecroeo ooeoeopa (HATO), a mar+e e Poccuu,
oo.iue ue eepm, :mo noc.eocmeu r.m:eeix coepe+euuix cooimu e eoeuuo-
mexuu:ecro cqepe +oeym oimi oocy+oeui ua peeuoua.iuo+ ypoeue
(c+. pasoe. IV). Oouaro ouu ece eue ue coe.acoea.u eonpoc o mo+, c.eoyem .u
nepeeooumi omu oucryccuu ua oeycmopouumm ocuoey, u rar omo uy+uo oe.ami.
Hmar, e cucme+e roumpo. uao ooi:ui+u eoopy+euu+u cyuecmeymm
+epi, uanpae.euuie ua oepauu:euue onepauoua.iuix eos+o+uocme eoo-
py+euuix cu., u.u ua mo, :mooi coe.ami oeme.iuocmi eoopy+euuix cu.
mpaucnapeumuo e e.x yrpen.euu cmaou.iuocmu u npeocrasye+ocmu. Xo-
m omu +epi ue uar.aoieamm oepauu:euu ua pas+ep u cmpyrmypy eoopy-
+euuix cu., ouu +oeym oecmeoeami rar ea+uie +epi no yrpen.euum oo-
eepu u oesonacuocmu (MVB). Hauoo.iua armueuocmi e omo oo.acmu e
2011 e. uao.moa.aci e Eepone, eoe eocyoapcmea coe.acoea.u oouoe.euuym
eepcum Beucroeo oory+euma no MVB, a mar+e e P+uo A+epure, eoe eo-
cyoapcmea oooopu.u cepum +ep no yrpen.euum ooeepu u oesonacuocmu, ua-
npae.euuix ua cooecmeue oo.ee uuporo e.u cosoauu ooue eouuo cuc-
me+i oesonacuocmu e peeuoue (c+. pasoe. V).

n 3HTOHH
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 459
I. OIPAHHuEHHE OFIuHIX BOOPYEHHH
HO IYMAHHTAPHIM HPHuHHAM:
HOHOEHHE B OFHACTH KACCETHIX FOEHPHHACOB

Hnna IPHH

nnnmnecx necxontxo ner mexynaponte neperonopt o ycnnennn
xonrponx na xaccerntmn omamn ocrnrnn cnoe xyntmnnannn n 2011 r.,
xora rocyapcrna yuacrnnxn Konnennnn o nerymannom opyxnn 1981 r.
(KHO) copannct nx ocyxennx npoexra nporoxona no xaccerntm oenpn-
nacam n pamxax uernepro osopno xon]epennnn no +ro xonnennnn
1
. Y ra-
xo xareropnn opyxnx, xax xaccernte oenpnnact, orcyrcrnyer mexyna-
pono npnsnannoe mpnnuecxoe onpeenenne, no n omem nnane no xaccer-
ntmn oenpnnacamn nonnmaercx xonrenep, xoropt paspymaercx o nsptna,
ntcnooxax mnorouncnennte orentnte cyoenpnnact. 3ro opyxne mo-
xer ocrannxrtcx nosymntmn, nasemntmn nnn mopcxnmn cncremamn n nc-
nontsonartcx npornn nnxymnxcx nnn nenonnxntx nene, nxnmuax nme,
rpancnoprnte cpecrna nnn oexrt nn]pacrpyxrypt, raxne xax nsnerno-
nocaounte nonoct a+popomon. Orentnte cyoenpnnact moxer trt
rpyno nnn nenosmoxno nanecrn rouno na nent, n nx onpeenennax uacrt
moxer cpasy ne nsopnartcx. Hpn ncnontsonannn +roro opyxnx nmeercx pncx
roro, uro ns-sa nponem c pacnosnanannem nene ono moxer nmecro noenntx
oexron trt npnmeneno npornn cpecrn samnrt mnpnoro nacenennx n uro
nensopnanmaxcx uacrt xaccerntx oenpnnacon yer npecrannxrt yrposy
axe nocne oxonuannx xon]nnxra, n xoropom onn ncnontsonannct. Ho +rnm
npnunnam neonoxparno npenpnnnmannct nontrxn orpannunrt ncnontso-
nanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon nnn concem nx sanpernrt.
KHO tna nepno xonnennne n pamxax mexynaponoro npana, n xoro-
po coepxannct nonoxennx, xacammnecx xaccerntx oenpnnacon. C 2003 r.
nauannct ncxyccnn o onee mnpoxom npnmenennn orpannuenn, cnxsanntx
c +rnm opyxnem, nyrem nnecennx na paccmorpenne n xauecrne cocranno uac-
rn pexnma KHO ocooro nporoxona no xaccerntm oenpnnacam
2
. B 2006 r. na
Tperte osopno xon]epennnn no KHO mecrt crpan npecrannnn npeno-
xenne no nonoy npeocrannennx manara na neenne neperonopon no nporo-
xony x KHO o xaccerntx oenpnnacax
3
. Ha ro xe xon]epennnn 25 crpan

1
Ho +romy nonpocy cm.: Lachowski, Z., Conventional arms and control, SIPRI Yearbook
2008, pp. 488490. Kparxoe coepxanne n pyrne erann Konnennnn o sanpemennn nnn orpa-
nnuennn npnmenennx xonxperntx nnon otunoro opyxnx, xoropte moryr cunrartcx nano-
cxmnmn upesmepnte nonpexennx nnn nmemmnmn nensnparentnoe ecrnne (KHO) n npo-
roxonon x ne cm. n Hpnnoxennn A nacroxmero nsannx.
2
Hporoxon V x KHO, npnnxrt 28 noxpx 2003 r. n ncrynnnmn n cnny 12 noxpx
2006 r., nanaraer na rocyapcrna oxsarentcrna yannrt nnn ynnuroxnrt nsptnoonacnte ne-
pexnrxn nont na cnoe reppnropnn, nxnmuax nepasopnanmnecx xaccernte oenpnnact.
Konnennnx o nerymannom opyxnn (Hpnmeuanne 1), Hporoxon V, cr. 3. Ha 1 xnnapx 2012 r. 76
ns 114 rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon KHO nonncann Hporoxon V.
3
Third CCW Review Conference, 'Proposal for a mandate to negotiate a legally-binding in-
strument that addresses the humanitarian concerns posed by cluster munitions', Presented by Aus-
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 460
yuacrnnn Konnennnn ntcrynnnn c exnapanne, npnstnamme x saxnmue-
nnm cornamennx ne oxsarentno nnyrpn pexnma KHO xoropoe t sanpe-
mano ncnontsonanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon n paonax xonnenrpannn rpa-
xancxoro nacenennx, sanpemano pasneprtnanne, nponsnocrno, naxonne-
nne, nepeauy n ncnontsonanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon, cosammnx cept-
esnt rymannrapnt pncx, ncnecrnne nx nenaexnocrn n/nnn nerounocrn,
nanarano oxsarentcrna no ynnuroxennm sanacon +rnx xaccerntx oenpnna-
con n ycranannnnano ]opmt corpynnuecrna n oxasannx nomomn n nx ynnu-
roxennn
4
.
B 2006 r. rocyapcrna yuacrnnxn KHO ne cmornn oronopnrtcx o ant-
nemnx ecrnnxx. Bmecro +roro onn cosnann ncrpeuy nocroxnno mexcec-
cnonno rpynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron (IH3) nx antnemero
paccmorpennx nonpocon npnmenennx n conmennx cymecrnymmnx nopm
mexynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana, xacammnxcx onpeenenntx oenpn-
nacon, xoropte moryr npenparnrtcx no nsptnoonacnte nepexnrxn nont,
npn ynope na xaccernte oenpnnact. K +ro ncrpeue na orxptro ocnone
tnn copant annte n oruert or nenpannrentcrnenntx oprannsann, nxnm-
uax oxnat +xcnepron, nororonnennte npn coecrnnn Mexynaponoro
Komnrera Kpacnoro Kpecra (MKKK)
5
. B 2008 r. rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn corna-
cnnnct ocynrt npoexr mecroro nporoxona x KHO no xaccerntm oenpnna-
cam, npnuem npnnxrne +roro pemennx ycxopnnoct n cnxsn c pxom cotrn,
nponsomemnx nne pamox KHO.
B exape 2006 r. Hopnernx npnrnacnna nce crpant, roronte pemn-
rentno n +]]exrnnno sannmartcx +ro neornoxno rymannrapno nponemo
n ntpaorart nont, mpnnuecxn oxstnammn mexynapont oxymenr
no xaccerntm oenpnnacam, na xon]epennnm n Ocno, xoropax onxna tna
cocroxrtcx n nauane 2007 r.
6
B npnrnamennn xcno npocmarpnnanoct namepe-
nne x pemennm nponemt nne pamox KHO urot nsexart neoxonmocrn
]opmnponannx xoncencyca cpen rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon Konnennnn na
ycnonnxx cxopee nonnoro sanpemennx, a ne orpannuennx onpeenenntx xac-
cerntx oenpnnacon. Hopnernx raxxe npnrnacnna coornercrnymmne arenrcr-
na OOH, MKKK n nenpannrentcrnennte oprannsannn (HHO) ns Koannnnn no
xaccerntm oenpnnacam, ctrpanme xnmuenym pont n npnnneuennn nnnma-
nnx x nponeme. Hponecc Ocno, sanymennt na Kon]epennnn n Ocno,
npomeme 2223 ]enpanx 2007 r., nnocnecrnnn nmen cnonm pesyntrarom
saxnmuenne n 2008 r. Konnennnn no xaccerntm oenpnnacam (KKF) oxy-

tria, the Holy See, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and Sweden, CCW/CONF.III/WP.1, 25 Oct.
2006. oxymenrt, ornocxmnecx x KHO, ocrynnt na care <http://www.unog.ch/ccw/>.
4
Third CCW Review Conference, Declaration on cluster munitions, Presented by Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany,
the Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, New Zea-
land, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland, CCW/CONF.
III/WP.18, 20 Nov. 2006.
5
Third CCW Review Conference, Final Document, Part II, Final Declaration, CCW/Conf.III/
11 (Part II), 17 Nov. 2006, p. 6.
6
Store, J.G., Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Letter of invitation to the Oslo meeting
on cluster munitions, Dec. 2006, http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/ud/selected-topics/humanitarian-
efforts/clusterinitiative/conference.html.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 461
menra c anexo nymnmn nocnecrnnxmn, nanarammero nonnt sanper na nc-
nontsonanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon
7
. B ro npemx xax na 1 xnnapx 2012 r.
KKF tna noepxana 67 rocyapcrnamn (nxnmuax 18 crpan, xoropte parn-
]nnnponann ee n 2011 r.), px crpan, raxnx xax Knra, Hnnx, Hspannt, Ha-
xncran, Poccnx n CBA, xoropte xpnrnuecxn ornocxrcx x xonrponm na xac-
cerntmn oenpnnacamn, pesxo ntcrynnnn npornn nonnoro sanpemennx +roro
opyxnx.
Hecmorpx na raxoe pasenenne nosnnn, tna cosnana uerneprax osop-
nax xon]epennnx nx paccmorpennx npoexra nporoxona no xaccerntm oe-
npnnacam.


He1nep1an Osopnan xonqepennnn no Konnennnn o neryuannou opyann

Manar Ipynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron, roronnnme uerneprym
osopnym xon]epennnm no KHO, cocroxn n neennn neperonopon no npoexry
nporoxona no xaccerntm oenpnnacam, c rem urot oparnrt nontmennoe
nnnmanne na rymannrapnte acnexrt nosecrnnx xaccerntx oenpnnacon,
npn +rom conmax ananc mexy noenntmn n rymannrapntmn coopaxe-
nnxmn
8
. B camo IH3 rocyapcrna, xoroptx nonnonann n nepnym ouepet
rymannrapnte acnexrt nponemt, ntcrynnnn sa ro, urot nxnmunrt n npo-
roxon x KHO sanper na xaccernte oenpnnact n xauecrne sepxantnoro or-
paxennx nonoxenn KKF. Hx rnannax osaouennocrt saxnmuanact n rom,
uro ecnn KHO coxpannr sa rocyapcrnamn npano nponsnonrt n ncnontso-
nart onpeenennte rnnt xaccerntx oenpnnacon, +ro moxer npnnecrn x nx
axrnnnomy ncnontsonannm n yymnx xon]nnxrax n raxnm opasom npenxr-
crnonart cosannm nopm, nanpannenntx npornn xaccerntx oenpnnacon
9
.
Hntmn cnonamn, paspemenne nexoroptx nnon xaccerntx oenpnnacon mo-
xer cosart pemn n npanono ase, n pesyntrare uero ne yer nonnocrtm
sanpemeno opyxne, npo xoropoe xopomo nsnecrno, uro ono nanocnr nenpn-
emnemt npe rpaxancxomy nacenennm. Iocyapcrna, ne xnnxmmnecx yua-
crnnxamn KKF, c]oxycnponann cnoe nnnmanne na ycnonnxx ysaxonennoro
ncnontsonannx xaccerntx oenpnnacon, xoropte onn cunramr neoxonmt-
mn nx nannonantno oopont. Hontsonarenn n nponsnonrenn xaccerntx
oenpnnacon, samnmax cnom nosnnnm, conmecrno ntnnnynn na aprymenra.
Bo-nepntx, px crpan cctnannct na cnon saxonnte nnrepect n onacrn
oopont, nouepxnnax ocoym crparernuecxym pont xaccerntx oenpnna-
con n onacrn oecneuennx cnoe nannonantno oopont. Bo-nroptx, nexo-
ropte crpant saxnnnn, uro rymannrapnt pncx, ntsnannt xaccerntmn o-
enpnnacamn, moxer trt cnnxen n pesyntrare nx rexnnuecxoro yconepmen-

7
Kparxoe coepxanne n pyrne erann Konnennnn o xaccerntx oenpnnacax cm. n o-
nonnennn A n nacroxmem nsannn.
8
Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW Convention, Final Reprt, CCW/VSP/
2010/5, 10 Feb. 2011, p. 7.
9
B cnyuae c npornnonexorntmn mnnamn cymecrnymr npenoxennx no ycnemnomy
coxpamennm nx ncnontsonannx n xon]nnxrax, uro oxcnxercx rem, uro +rn mnnt n nacrox-
mee npemx paccmarpnnamrcx xax opyxne pyro +noxn.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 462
crnonannx, nanpnmep, npn nx onee ntcoxo rounocrn nnn oannennn me-
xannsmon camopaspymennx. Pncxn moryr trt eme ontme cnnxent n pe-
syntrare neonymennx ncnontsonannx xaccerntx oenpnnacon nerocyapcr-
nenntmn axropamn, a raxxe nx npnmenennx n paonax, re npoxnnaer rpa-
xancxoe nacenenne
10
.
Hpecrannennt IH3 npoexr nporoxona o xaccerntx oenpnnacax, xo-
ropt tn ncnontsonan n xauecrne ocnont nx neperonopon na Osopno
xon]epennnn, sanpemaer ncnontsonanne, npnoperenne, naxannnnanne nnn
xpanenne xaccerntx oenpnnacon, nponsneenntx o 1980 r., n nanaraer or-
pannuennx na xaccernte oenpnnact, nponsneennte n 1980 r. n nosxe
11
. On
paspemaer npoonxart ncnontsonanne ncex xaccerntx oenpnnacon, npons-
neenntx n 1980 r. n nosxe n reuenne 12 ner nocne roro, xax nporoxon ncry-
nnr n cnny; nocne +roro cpoxa yer paspemeno ncnontsonanne rontxo orpa-
nnuennoro xnacca xaccerntx oenpnnacon
12
. Hpoexr nporoxona sanpemaer
npoaxy xaccerntx oenpnnacon nerocyapcrnenntm axropam n rocyapcr-
nam, xoropte ne xnnxmrcx yuacrnnxamn KHO
13
.
C rouxn spennx CBA, crenent nosecrnnx npoexra nporoxona na sana-
ct xaccernoro opyxnx n camnx CBA yer ntme, uem n nenom crenent nos-
ecrnnx KKF na ncex ocrantntx rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon
14
. Ho cyrn ena,
npoexr nporoxona, npecrannennt IH3, xnnncx orpaxennem cymecrnymme-
ro n CBA saxonoarentcrna no ncex xnmuentx acnexrax, nanpnmep, n rom uro
xacaercx rpeonannx onee ntcoxo naexnocrn (rounocrn nonaannx) xac-
cerntx oenpnnacon, n npn +rom nanxstnan CBA px nontx ycnonn
15
. Ta-
xne rocyapcrna, xax Fpasnnnx n Hnnx noepxann oxymenr; npn +rom Fpa-
snnnx nouepxnyna, uro y nee ecrt onpeenennt norennnan nx nsmenennx
cnryannn n uro nporoxon, ocnonannt na npoexre IH3, nyume, uem antrep-
narnna ne nmert oxsarentcrn noome
16
. Px crpan unenon Enponecxoro
comsa, nxnmuax Hpnannm n Hontmy, ntpasnnn mnenne, uro axe neconep-

10
See e.g. Fourth CCW Review Conferece, Statement by Mr Wu Haitao, Head of the Chinese
Delegation, 14 Nov. 2011, pp. 34.
11
Group pf Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW Convention,
Draft protocol on cluster munitions, 26 Aug. 2011, articles 4 and 5.
12
Group pf Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW Convention
(note 11), Article 5 and Technical Annex B.
13
Group pf Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW Convention
(note 11), articles 7 (4c). Non-state armed groups have used cluster munitions on Afghanistan (the
Northern Alliance), Bosnia and Herzegovina (a Serb militia), Croatia (a Serb militia) and Israel
(Hezbollah). Landmine and Cluster Monitor, Cluster Monitor 2011 (Mines Action Canada: Ot-
tawa, Oct. 2011), p. 15.
14
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Opening statement by Philip Spector, Head of the US
Delegation, 14 Nov. 2011, p. 2.
15
Hponosrnamennax n nmne 2008 r. nosnnnx Mnnncrepcrna oopont CBA n ornomennn
xaccerntx oenpnnacon xnnnact ocnono nx nosnnnn CBA na neperonopax. Ona sanpemaer
ncnontsonanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon n mecrax npoxnnannx rpaxancxoro nacenennx, a
raxxe nx npnoperenne n ncnontsonanne c xo+]]nnnenrom nenaexnocrn cntme 1%.
16
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by Mr Neil Benevides, Deputy Permanent
Representative of Brazil to the Conference on Disarmanent, 14 Nov. 2011, p. 3; and Fourth CCW
Review Conference, Statement by Ambassador Sujata Mehta, Permanent Representative of India
to the Conference on Disarmanent, 14 Nov. 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 463
mennt nporoxon moxer nmert cnom nennocrt
17
. Xorx Iepmannx xpnrnxonana
npoexr IH3 (ocnontnaxct na onacennxx MKKK no nonoy raxnx rymannrap-
ntx acnexron, xax npeoxpannrentnte mexannsmt), ona raxxe nouepxnyna
neoxonmocrt npnsnannx ]ynamenrantntx pasnnun mexy nponeccamn
KHO n KKF n ormernna, uro nporoxon x KHO onxen paccmarpnnartcx xax
npomexyrount mar x yymemy sanpemennm ncnontsonannx xaccerntx o-
enpnnacon
18
.
B ro npemx xax ontmnncrno crpan, nsnecrntx xax nontsonarenn nnn
nponsnonrenn, narocxnonno ornecnnct x nporoxony, paspaorannomy IH3,
CBA tnn ero nanonee axrnnntm croponnnxom. Onn nasnann npoexr
enncrnenntm mancom cnxsart crpant, xnnxmmnecx rnanntmn nontsona-
renxmn n nponsnonrenxmn xaccerntx oenpnnacon, mpnnuecxn oxst-
nammnm cnoom nopm no nx sanpemennm n perynnponannm
19
. pyrne crpa-
nt, n nenom noepxnnammne npoexr nporoxona, nospaxann npornn onpee-
nenntx nonoxenn oxymenra. Hanonee cxenrnuecxn nacrpoen tn Haxn-
cran, xoropt ntpasnn onacennx, uro ntop n nontsy ynyumennx rexnnuec-
xnx xapaxrepncrnx nx paspemenntx xaccerntx oenpnnacon n sanper na
ncnontsonanne nponsneenntx o 1 xnnapx 1980 r. noopyxenn +roro rnna
amr npenmymecrno xaccerntm oenpnnacam, nponsneenntm onpeenen-
ntmn crpanamn, n moryr art +rnm crpanam xommepuecxne ntrot
20
.
Hanonee cnntnoe npornnoecrnne npoexry ncxonno or rocyapcrn
yuacrnnxon KKF, xoropte nospaxann npornn rexcra n xoe nororonnrent-
noro nponecca
21
. Onn ntpasnnn necornacne c npenoxennxmn KHO na rom oc-
nonannn, uro KKF ycranonnna n xauecrne mpnnuecxn o]opmnenno nop-
mt, uro onaanne xaccerntmn oenpnnacamn n nx ncnontsonanne sanpe-
meno, n ro npemx xax nporoxon x Konnennnn no nerymannomy opyxnm
onxen tn t paspemnrt nx ncnontsonanne; +ro enaer +rn na oxymenra
neconmecrnmtmn
22
. Hanpnmep, Rxnax A]pnxa, ona ns mnornx crpan, or-
neprnynmnx npoexr nporoxona, tna ne ynepena n peantnom nosecrnnn
+rnx mep n saxnnna, uro npoexr ]ynamenrantno ncnopuen, n pesyntrare
uero on moxer oxasart npenoe nosecrnne na KKF n noopnart onepne x

17
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by Gerard Corr, Permanent Representative of
Ireland to the UN in Geneva, 15 Nov. 2011; and Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by
Dr Cezary Lusinski, Deputy Permanent Representative of Poland to the UN in Geneva, 14 Mov.
2011.
18
Fourth CCW Review Conference, General statement, Ambassador Hellmut Hoffman, Am-
bassador of Germany for Global Disarmanent Affairs, 15 Nov. 2011, pp. 34.
19
Fourth CCW Review Conference (note 14), p. 2.
20
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by Ambassador Zamir Akram, Permanent Rep-
resentative of Pakistan to the UN, 15 Nov. 2011.
21
Ancrpnx, Mexcnxa n Hopnernx n anrycre 2011 r. npecrannxnn npoexr rexcra, xoropt
coornercrnonan crpyxrype KHO, onaxo n nem orcyrcrnonann xaxne-nno mpnnuecxne ox-
sarentcrna nnn onpeenennx roro, uro npecrannxmr ns cex xaccernte oenpnnact. Group of
Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW Convention, Draft alternative
protocol on cluster munitions (draft protocol VI to the CCW), Working Paper submitted by Aus-
tria, Mexico and Norway, CCW/GGE/2011-III/WP.1/Rev.1, 26 Aug. 2011.
22
See e.g. Fourth CCW Review Conference, Norwegian Delegation, General exchange of
views, 15 Nov. 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 464
KHO, a raxxe, uro npoexr ne oxastnaer npxmoro rymannrapnoro nose-
crnnx na cnryannm c xaccerntmn oenpnnacamn n noromy ne ntnonnxer
nonnocrtm manar, npeocrannennt IH3
23
. Hexoropte crpant, ne xnnxm-
mnecx yuacrnnxamn KKF, yrnepxann, uro nnxaxnx nontx nopm ne tno
ycranonneno, n uro es nporoxona x KHO y nnx ne yer nntx oxsarentcrn
n ornomennn xaccerntx oenpnnacon, xpome omnx nopm mexynaponoro
rymannrapnoro npana
24
.
Fonee 50 crpan yuacrnnn KHO ntcrynnnn c nospaxennxmn npornn
npenoxennx, cenannoro n nocnenn ent Kon]epennnn. Kon]epennnx ne
npnnena x cornacnm, n neperonopt nnyrpn crpyxrypt KHO no xaccerntm
oenpnnacam tnn, raxnm opasom, orcpouent no xpane mepe na nxrt ner,
o cneymme Osopno xon]epennnn
25
.
Orentno cneyer ynomxnyrt o ro naxno ponn, xoropym ctrpann ne-
npannrentcrnennte oprannsannn n ocyxennn nonpocon, cnxsanntx c KHO.
B nepnym ouepet peut ner o xoe Kenneneprepe, npesnenre Mexyna-
ponoro Komnrera Kpacnoro Kpecra, pacnpocrpannnmem cnoe saxnnenne no
npoexry nporoxona mexy ncemn rocyapcrnamn yuacrnnxamn KKF o na-
uana Osopno xon]epennnn
26
. Hexoropte HHO n arenrcrna OOH npecra-
nnnn cnon xpnrnuecxne sameuannx no nonoy npoexra nporoxona n cnonx
saxnnennxx na xon]epennnn
27
. Taxoro poa xpnrnnnsm orpasnncx n n saxn-
nennxx, cenanntx na xon]epennnn neontmnmn crpanamn, xoropte npo-
nema xaccerntx oenpnnacon ne sarparnnaer
28
. Pont MKKK ne rontxo xax
nanmarenx, a xax orcrannammero cnon npana axropa na Osopno xon]e-
pennnn no KHO, ntsnana onpeenennym peaxnnm y nexoroptx rocyapcrn-
yuacrnnxon. Hanpnmep, Hnnx saxnnna, uro HHO onxnt, xax n panee, n
nerpantno n anonnrnuno manepe npoonxart nnocnrt cno nxna n pac-
mnpenne namero nonnmannx n nocnpnnmunnocrn n ornomennn nponem [me-
xynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana]
29
. Taxnm opasom, yunrtnax ror ]axr,
uro xon]epennnx n xoneunom cuere nponannnact, no xpane mepe ona ns
crpan-yuacrnnn Osopno xon]epennnn ntpasnna onacennx, uro HHO mo-
ryr trt orpannuent nnn axe ne onyment x yuacrnm n yymnx nepero-
nopax no pasopyxennm
30
.

23
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by South Africa, 1425 Nov. 2011, p. 2.
24
Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by Tamar Rahanimoff-Honing, Counsellor,
Representative of Israel, 14 Nov. 2011, p. 5.
25
Zughni, F., Cluster munitions protocol fails, Arms Control Today, vol. 41, no. 10 (Dec. 2011).
26
Kellenberger, J., President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Statement to
the Fourth CCW Review Conference, 15 Nov. 2011, http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/docu-
ments/statement/ccw-statement-2011-11-15.him
27
See e.g. Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement bu United Nations agancies and other
organizations involved in humanitarian action, Delivered by NavanethemPillay, United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights, 14 Nov. 2011.
28
See e.g. Fourth CCW Review Conference, Statement by Jones Applerh, Executive secre-
tary, Ghana National Commission on Small Arms, 14 Nov. 2011.
29
3axnnenne na 4- Osopno xon]epennnn no KHO nocna Cyxart Mexrt (ononnenne
16), crp. 5.
30
O]nnnantnt npecrannrent onoro ns rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon KHO, nnrepntm c an-
ropom, 9 ex. 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 465
Konnennnn no xacce1nmu oenpnnacau

Cemt ns noctmn rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon KKF, xoropte saxonunnn
ynnuroxenne cnonx sanacon, naxoxrcx n Enpone
31
. Hanontmee xonnuecrno
ocranmnxcx sanacon, nonaammnx no ecrnne KKF, raxxe naxonrcx n
Enpone: Iepmannn (xoropax saxnnna o nannunn 67 mnn cyoenpnnacon) n
Bennxopnrannx (saxnnnmax o nannunn 39 mnn cyoenpnnacon). Kaxax ns
+rnx crpan ynnuroxnna onee nononnnt cnonx sanacon x cepenne 2011 r.
32

Moentm nx KKF tna Konnennnx no npornnonexorntm mnnam (KHM),
xoropax cosana ocnony nx npaxrnuecxo peannsannn nonnrnxn n onacrn paso-
pyxennx n xoropax n cnom ouepet npnnena x ocnooxennm or mnn snaunrent-
ntx reppnropn n ynnuroxennm ontmero xonnuecrna npornnonexorntx mnn
33
.
B nmne 2011 r. Hpax cran 87 rocyapcrnom, oxnnnmnm, uro on saxonunn ynnu-
roxenne cnonx sanacon npornnonexorntx mnn o yponnx, yxasannoro n orono-
pe, a Hnrepnx crana 18 rocyapcrnom, coomnnmnm o ntnonnennn cnonx oxsa-
rentcrn no nnxnnannn HHM n nsnecrntx samnnnponanntx paonax
34
. Xorx Kon-
nennnx npnnena x onontno ontmnm ycnexam n onacrn npeornpamennx
ncnontsonannx npornnonexorntx mnn n ropronnn ]yracamn, xax npecrannxer-
cx, nponsomna nexoropax norepx remna n onpeenenntx acnexrax ee ntnon-
nennx. Ho anntm Landmine Monitor 2011 r., coornercrnne anntx, npe-
crannenntx n exerontx oxnaax o rpancnapenrnocrn, peantno cnryannn
ocraercx na camom nnsxom yponne n rpeonannx o nponennn xpannx cpo-
xon no ouncrxe reppnropn cranonxrcx cxopee npannnom, uem ncxnmuennem
35
.
Hocne ncrynnennx KKF n cnny n 2010 r. nepnax ncrpeua rocyapcrn-
yuacrnnxon cocroxnact no Btenrtxne, Haoc (crpane, n nanontme crenenn
naunnenno ocrarxamn xaccerntx oenpnnacon). Ha Kon]epennnn rocy-
apcrna-yuacrnnxn ntpaorann nnan ecrnn no pyxonocrny ocymecrnne-
nnem nonoxenn KKF, xacammnxcx, nomnmo ncero npouero, ynnuroxennx
sanacon xaccerntx oenpnnacon, ouncrxn reppnropn n nomomn xeprnam
36
. B
nenxx monnropnnra cnryannn tn ocrnrnyr xoncencyc o npeocrannennn
exerontx ononnenn x nepnonauantntm nannonantntm oxnaam o
rpancnapenrnocrn, rpeonanne o xoroptx sa]nxcnponano n cr. 7 Konnennnn
37
.
B 2011 r. 43 rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxa npeocrannnn raxne oxnat, xoropte
amr nennym nn]opmannm, nanpnmep, o sarpxsnennn reppnropnn n nycro-
ponnnx nporpammax nomomn
38
.

31
Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, 3xnaop, Monona, uepnoropnx, Hopnernx, Hopryrannx n Hcnannx
saxonunnn ynnuroxenne cnonx xaccerntx oenpnnacon.
32
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), pp. 1920.
33
Coepxanne n pyrne erann, cnxsannte c Konnennne no HHM cm. ononnenne A n
nacroxmem nsannn.
34
International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Landmine Monitor 2011 (Mines Action Canada:
Ottawa, Oct. 2011), p. 2.
35
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (note 34), pp. 2, 30.
36
CCM Vientiane Action Plan, 12 Nov. 2010, http://www.clusterconvention.org/documents/
action-plan
37
CCM Vientiane Action Plan (note 36), Action 59.
38
United Nations Office at Geneva, Article 7 database, http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600
585943/(httpPages)/84610CE6A9FDDACD1257823003BBC39
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 466
Bropax ncrpeua rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon KKF cocroxnact 1216 cenrx-
px n Fepyre, Hnnan (crpane, raxxe cnntno nocrpaanme or ncnontsonannx
xaccerntx oenpnnacon). Bnnmanne na ncrpeue cxonnenrpnponanoct na nt-
nonnennn rpeonann KKF na nannonantnom yponne, n rom uncne n onacrn
saxonoarentcrna.


Hepcnex1nnm n nmsonm

B pesyntrare neyauntx neperonopon no nporoxony o xaccerntx oe-
npnnacax x KHO renept yer sarpynnrentno nornepxart nonnrnuecxne
oxsarentcrna npn ocyxennn yymnx nepcnexrnn n ntsonon. Inanntmn
npnopnreramn KKF, no nce nepoxrnocrn, yyr xnnxrtcx oecneuenne co-
nmennx rpa]nxon ynnuroxennx sanacon n monnnsannx noepxxn crpa-
namn, nyxammnmncx n nomomn no ouncrxe reppnropnn. KKF sanpemaer
oxasanne nomomn n ncnontsonannn, nponsnocrne, nepeaue n naxannnnannn
xaccerntx oenpnnacon. Onaxo y rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon cymecrnymr pas-
nnunte rouxn spennx na ro, uro npecrannxer coo nomomt, nanpnmep y
Hopnernn, ncnontsymme orpannunrentnt noxo, n y pyrnx, nxnmuax
Bennxopnrannm, ncnontsymme menee orpannunrentnt noxo. Hocran-
nennte n pamxax KKM nonpoct o rom, xax ynpannxrt sanacamn, naxoxmn-
mncx na reppnropnn rocyapcrna yuacrnnxa KKF, xoropte npnnanexar
pyromy rocyapcrny-neyuacrnnxy, a raxxe rpansnrom, nocranxamn, ]nnan-
cnponannem nnn +xcnoprom nsptnntx nnn pyrnx xomnonenron, neoxon-
mtx nx nponsnocrna sanpemenntx oenpnnacon, nnnmo, n antnemem
yyr npoonxart ocranartcx remamn nx ncxyccn.
Hs 28 crpan, reppnropnx xoroptx cnntno sarpxsnena ocrarxamn xaccer-
ntx oenpnnacon, 8 parn]nnnponann KKF n eme 8 nonncann ee, no ne pa-
rn]nnnponann
39
. Hpncoennenne x KKF raxnx crpan, xax Kamoxa, Cepnx
n Bternam, cnntno nocrpaanmnx or xaccerntx oenpnnacon, nepoxrno,
onxno crart npnopnrerno saaue rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon Konnennnn.
Onennrt n onee mnpoxom nnane rax nastnaemoe nopmarnnnoe nose-
crnne KKM onontno rpyno. Hponsnocrno n npoaxa xaccerntx oenpnna-
con npoonxamrcx. O nexoroptx npnmepax ropronnn xaccerntmn oenpnna-
camn coomanoct n 2011 r. Pecnynnxa Kopex (Rxnax Kopex), npenonoxn-
rentno, npoana oenpnnact Haxncrany; a n 20102011 rr. CBA oopnnn
norennnantnte cenxn no npoaxe CBU-105 Cayoncxo Apannn n Tana-
nm
40
. C pyro cropont, xecrxax peaxnnx pxa crpan na npnsnanne Hcnanne
npoaxn n 2006 n 2008 rr. 1055 e. xaccerntx oenpnnacon Hnnnn, uacrt ns
xoroptx tna ncnontsonana n 2011 r., nornepxaer, uro nponecc ]opmnpo-
nannx nopm ner, xorx on nce eme naxonrcx na pannnx cranxx
41
. Cnnranyp n
onocroponnem nopxxe ycranonnn moparopn na +xcnopr xaccerntx oe-

39
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), p. 5.
40
Amnesty International, IPIS and TransArms, Deadly Movements: Transportation Controls
in the Arms Trade Treaty (Amnesty International: London, July 2010), p. 11; and Landmine and
Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), p. 17.
41
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), pp. 168169.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 467
npnnacon crpanam, xoropte mornn t nx ncnontsonart esornercrnenntm
nepasopunntm cnocoom, a CBA npnocranonnnn nect +xcnopr xaccerntx
oenpnnacon c xo+]]nnnenrom nenaexnocrn cntme 1%; nn ra, nn pyrax
crpana ne xnnxercx rocyapcrnom yuacrnnxom KKF
42
. Rxnax Kopex, xoropax
ne xnnxercx rocyapcrnom-yuacrnnxom nn KKF, nn KHO, npnoperaer nnmt
re xaccernte oenpnnact, xoropte nmemr camopaspymammnecx mexannsmt
n xo+]]nnnenr nenaexnocrn xoroptx 1% nnn nnxe
43
.
3rn cotrnx nornepxamr, uro ncxyccnx o xaccerntx oenpnnacax
xax mnnnmym crana xarannsaropom nanora na nannonantnom yponne o or-
nercrnennom noxoe npnmennrentno x nnm.


42
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), pp. 307, 330.
43
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor (note 13), p. 280.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 468
II. OIPAHHuEHHE BOEHHOIO HOTEHHHAHA PYIHX:
PA3BHTHE COFITHH B OFHACTH KOHTPOH
HA 3KCHOPTOM BOOPYEHHH

Mapx FPOMHH n Inenn MAKOHAHI

B reuenne 2011 r. ycnnnx, nanpannennte na yconepmencrnonanne xonrpo-
nx na +xcnoprom ronapon, cnennantno paspaoranntx, nponsneenntx nnn
mon]nnnponanntx nx noenntx nene, nxnmuann n cex mept, npenpn-
nnmaemte n pamxax Pexnma xonrponx sa paxerntmn rexnonornxmn (PKPT),
Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocre no xonrponm na +xcnoprom otuntx noo-
pyxenn n ronapon n rexnonorn nonoro nasnauennx, a raxxe Enponecxo-
ro comsa (EC). B ro xe npemx exrentnocrtm, nanpannenno na coxpamenne
pncxon, cnxsanntx c pacnpocrpanennem nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx
(HCO), nxnmuax mept no ynyumennm xonrponx sa ero +xcnoprom, npoonxn-
nn sannmartcx n Oprannsannn amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn (OAI), Oprannsannn
no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE), a raxxe n OOH.
B reuenne 2011 r. n OOH raxxe npoonxnnnct ncxyccnn no nonpocam
paspaorxn mpnnuecxn oxstnammero oronopa o ropronne opyxnem
(TO) n npenepnn neperonopno xon]epennnn no TO, nameuenno na
nmnt 2012 r.
1
Haext, uro Knra n Poccnx xoropte tnn cpannnrentno
naccnnnt n xoe ncxyccn yyr onee recno nonneuent n +ror nponecc,
nospocnn nocne roro, xax nxrt nocroxnntx unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn (Kn-
ra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA) ntcrynnnn c conmecrntm
saxnnennem n nmne 2011 r., n xoropom ntpaxanact noepxxa ycnnn, na-
npannenntx na cosanne mexynaponoro oronopa no nonpocam nepeaun
otuntx noopyxenn
2
.

Eme onn nonoxnrentnt cnrnan nmen mecro 2
]enpanx 2011 r., xora Knra n Poccnx nporonoconann sa pemenne Ienepant-
no Accamnen nponecrn saxnmunrentnym ceccnm Hororonnrentnoro xomn-
rera no oronopy o ropronne opyxnem, xorx o +roro onn nosepxnnannct
nnn ne yuacrnonann n ronoconannxx, cnxsanntx c TO
3
.

Tem ne menee nc-
xyccnn n xoe cocroxnmnxcx n 2011 r. ncrpeu n Hororonnrentnom xomnrere
npoemoncrpnponann nannune y crpan cymecrnenntx pasnornacn no coep-
xannm n nenxm yymero oronopa.


Peanum xon1ponn na +xcnop1ou

B 2011 r. na ne]opmantntx, mpnnuecxn ne oxstnammnx mnorocro-
ponnnx pexnma xonrponx na +xcnoprom, uacrnuno sarparnnammnx nonpoct
nepeau otuntx noopyxenn Pexnm xonrponx sa paxerntmn rexnonornx-

1
Bnnmanne na ncrpeue Hororonnrentnoro xomnrera no ntpaorxe TO n nmne 2011 r.
tno cxonnenrpnponano na rom, xax oronop n nmom ero nne moxer trt peannsonan. Hol-
tom, P. and Bromley, M., Implementing an Arms Trade Treaty: Lessons on Reporting and Moni-
toring from Existing Mechanisms, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 28 (SIPRI: Stockholm, July 2011).
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 469
mn n Baccenaapcxne oronopennocrn npoonxnnn cnom paory
4
.

Hn onoro
nonoro yuacrnnxa n reuenne 2011 r. x nnm ne npncoennnnoct
5
.
Ha nnenapno ncrpeue PKPT n Fy+noc-Apece, Aprenrnna, n anpene
2011 r. ncxyccnn xacannct xonrponx na rpansnrom n mexynapontmn no-
cranxamn marepnanon n xauecrne cpecrna npeornpamennx pacnpocrpanennx,
rax xe xax n pncxon, xoropte ycnnnnamr crpant co cnao cncremo +xc-
noprnoro xonrponx. Iocyapcrna omenxnnct nn]opmanne no rexymnm pa-
xerntm nporpammam crpan na Fnnxnem Bocroxe, n Cenepo-Bocrouno Asnn
n Rxno Asnn, nxnmuax Hpan n Kopecxym Hapono-emoxparnuecxym
Pecnynnxy (Cenepnax Kopex)
6
.
B 2011 r. rocyapcrna yuacrnnxn Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocre npo-
onxnnn ononnenne n conepmencrnonanne cnoero conmecrnoro nepeunx no-
enno npoyxnnn. Onn raxxe npnnxnn na nontx yauntx npaxrnuecxnx py-
xonocrna, ono ns xoroptx xacanoct xonrponx na pe+xcnoprom cncrem
otuntx noopyxenn, a raxxe ononnnn nmemmnecx
7
. Kpome roro, n pamxax
Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocre n uerneprt pas tnn ocymecrnnent onen-
xa n ananns omero ]ynxnnonnponannx pexnma n ero nxnaa n pernonantnym
n mexynaponym esonacnocrt n cranntnocrt nnepnte c 2007 r. Hecxont-
xo nnnnnarnn tnn ntnnnyrt n peannsonant, n ro npemx xax pyrne npo-
onxann ocranartcx nentnonnenntmn n onennnaemt nepno
8
.


Enponencxnn coms

B 2008 r. tna npnnxra Omax nosnnnx EC no npannnam perynnponannx
xonrponx na +xcnoprom noenntx rexnonorn n oopyonannx, nentm xoro-
po tno rapmonnsnponart nannonantnym nonnrnxy rocyapcrn unenon EC
n coornercrnnn c cornaconanntm mnnnmymom cranapron
9
. o 2011 r. ncrpeun
Conera Paoue rpynnt EC no nonpocam +xcnopra otuntx noopyxenn
(CPI3OB) re rocyapcrna ocyxamr peannsannm Ome nosnnnn EC
npoxonnn no npecearentcrnom cmenxmmnxcx no porannn npesnenron
Conera. Bcrpeun CPI3OB n nacroxmee npemx npoxoxr no npecearentcr-
nom npecrannrenx nono Enponecxo cnyxt nnemnero ecrnnx (ECB)
10
.

5
Tem ne menee 25 xnnapx 2012 r. x Baccenaapcxnm oronopennocrxm npncoennnnact
Mexcnxa.
6
Missile Technology Control Regime, 25
th
Plenary Meeting, Press release, Buenos Aires, 13
15 April 2011, http://www.mtcr.info/english/press.html
7
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods
and Technologies, 2011 Plenary Meeting, Public statement, Vienna, 14 Dec. 2011, http://www.
wassenaar.org/publicdocuments/index_PS_PS.html
8
O]nnnantnt npecrannrent onoro ns rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon Baccenaapcxnx co-
rnamenn. Fecea c anropom 12 anp. 2012 r.
9
Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 Dec. 2008 defining common rules governing
control of exports of military technology and equipment, Official Journal of the European Union,
L335, 13 Dec. 2008.
10
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the
European Community, signed 13 Dec. 2007, entered into force 1 Dec. 2009, http://europa.eu/ lis-
bon_treaty/. See also Grip, L., Mapping the European Unions institutional actors related to
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 470
B coornercrnnn co crarte 15 Ome nosnnnn n 2011 r. tn nnnnnnponan
nponecc ononnennx +roro oxymenra. ECB nauana conpart rouxn spennx
rocyapcrn-unenon no nonpocy o oxnare n coepxannn neoxonmtx nsme-
nenn, xoropte onxnt trt ocymecrnnent n 2012 r.
11

B reuenne 2011 r. rocyapcrna unent EC raxxe npoonxnnn nponecc
nmnnemenrannn npexrnnt Enponecxo xomnccnn, xacammecx nepeau no-
enno npoyxnnn nnyrpn coomecrna (HBC), nyrem nnecennx coornercr-
nymmnx nsmenenn n cnoe nannonantnoe saxonoarentcrno, cnxsannoe c xon-
rponem na nepeaue noopyxenn
12
.

npexrnna oxstnaer rocyapcrna
unent EC nnecrn ynpomennte nponeypt nx nnnensnponannx +xcnopra no-
ennoro oopyonannx pyrnm crpanam unenam EC. 3ro xnnxercx uacrtm o-
nee mnpoxoro naxera ecrnn Enponecxo xomnccnn, nanpannenntx na co-
xpamenne aptepon nx corpynnuecrna nnyrpn EC n onacrn noenno npo-
mtmnennocrn
13
.

Iocyapcrnam unenam EC tna ana nosmoxnocrt o 30
nmnx 2011 r. nepenecrn npexrnny no nnyrpennee saxonoarentcrno, c rem
urot o 30 nmnx 2012 r. moxno tno nauart ee npnmenxrt
14
.

B exape
2011 r. 19 rocyapcrn nn]opmnponann Enpoxomnccnm, uro nmn tnn nnecent
coornercrnymmne nsmenennx no nnyrpennee saxonoarentcrno
15
.


Pernonantnme ycnnnn n onac1n xon1ponn sa nerxnu n c1penxonmu
opyaneu n Auepnxe n Enpone

C xonna 1990-x mnorne no ne nce pernont npnnxnn mpnnuecxn n
nonnrnuecxn oxstnammne oxymenrt, xacammnecx nerxoro opyxnx. Ycn-
nnx, nanpannennte na nx peannsannm, npoonxnnnct n 2011 r. 3ror pasen
xonnenrpnpyercx na exrentnocrn n +ro c]epe nyx pernonantntx oprann-
sann: OAI n OFCE.
Oprannsannx amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn tna nepno oprannsanne,
npenpnnxnme xonxpernte marn na pernonantnom yponne, urot oysart
nesaxonnym ropronnm nerxnm n crpenxontm opyxnem, conepmencrnyx xon-
rpont sa ero nepememennem. Mexamepnxancxax Konnennnx npornn nenerant-

WMD non-proliferation, Non-proliferation Papers no. 1, EU Non-proliferation Consortium, May
2011, http://www.nonproliferation.eu/activities/activities.php, pp. 67.
11
Della Piazza, F., Chair of COARN, Presentation to the European Parliament Subcommittee
on Security and Defence, 5 Dec. 2011, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ep-live/EN/committees/
video?event=20111205-1500-COMMITTEE-SEDE. See also Bromley, M., The revoew of the
EU Common Position on arms exports: prospects for strengthened controls, Non-proliferation
Papers no. 7, EU Non-proliferation Consortium, Jan. 2012, http://www.nonproliferation.eu/ activi-
ties/activities.php.
12
Directive 2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 simplify-
ing terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the Community, Official
Journal of the European Union, L146, 10 June 2009.
13
Anthony, I. And Bauer, S., Controls on security-related international transfers, SIPRI
Yearbook 2009, pp. 476478. See also chapter 5, section I, in this volume.
14
European Commission, Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry, Defence indus-
tries: reference documents, 2 Feb. 2012, http://ec.europa.ru/enterprise/sectors/defence/documents/
index_en.htm.
15
Hale, J., 19 EU countries OK defense product transfers law, Defense News, 13 Jan. 2012.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 471
noro nponsnocrna n nepememennx crpenxonoro opyxnx, cnapxxennx, nsptn-
uartx n pyrnx noontx marepnanon (KHHCO) tna npnnxra 14 noxpx
1997 r. n ncrynnna n cnny 1 nmnx 1998 r.
16
enapramenr omecrnenno eso-
nacnocrn OAI nomoraer rocyapcrnam-unenam ntnonnxrt ycnonnx Konnen-
nnn n n onee mnpoxom nnane pemart nponemy nesaxonno ropronnn crpen-
xontm opyxnem. B 2011 r. OAI cxonnenrpnponana cnoe nnnmanne na rpex
cnenn]nuecxnx onacrxx: saxonoarentnax nomomt; mapxnponxa, xpanenne
oxymenron n cnexenne; ynpannenne sanacamn n ynnuroxenne nsnnmxon
17
.
3]]exrnnnocrt mnorocroponnero oxymenra npexe ncero sanncnr or
coornercrnymmero nannonantnoro saxonoarentcrna n amnnncrparnnntx
nponeyp, a raxxe or +]]exrnnnocrn nx ntnonnennx. OAI npenaraer mpn-
nuecxym nomomt cnonm rocyapcrnam-unenam n ntnonnennn ycnonn
KHHCO. B 2011 r. OAI nponena ananns saxonoarentcrna, cnxsannoro c rop-
ronne crpenxontm opyxnem n crpanax Henrpantno Amepnxn, conmecrno c
onenxo yponnx ntnonnennx Konnennnn. OAI nnannpyer pacmnpnrt +ry
nnnnnarnny na nce ncnanoronopxmne rocyapcrna-unent n 2012 r. Kpome ro-
ro, n 2011 r. npnnnxaercx x sanepmennm npoexr no nororonxe moentnoro
saxonoarentcrna, oxnartnammero nce nponemt, xoroptmn sannmaercx
KHHCO, rora xax n nenom nponecc oopennx +roro moentnoro saxonoa-
rentcrna onxen trt sanepmen x xonny 2012 r. Tpeonannx KHHCO, xa-
cammnecx mapxnponxn, xoropte nnocnecrnnn tnn saxpennent n ononne-
nt xax n Hporoxone OOH 2001 r. o crpenxonom opyxnn, rax n n Mexynapo-
nom nncrpymenrapnn no orcnexnnannm (MHO) 2005 r., nexar n ocnone
cyentx npecneonann sa ntxnnennym n pesyntrare orcnexnnannx nesa-
xonnym ropronnm crpenxontm opyxnem
18
. Fnaroapx ]nnancono noepxxe
CBA OAI oecneunnaer cnon rocyapcrna-unent mapxnponountmn ycrpo-
crnamn, oyuaer nx ncnontsonannm coornercrnymmero oopyonannx nx
xpanennx oxymenron. B 2011 r. 16 rocyapcrn unenon OAI nonncann co-
nmecrnoe cornamenne c OAI o yuacrnn n +ro nporpamme n nonyunnn oo-
pyonanne n nomomt n oyuennn nepconana
19
. K nauany xnnapx 2012 r. no
npoexry, xacammemycx ncnontsonannx mapxnponounoro oopyonannx, tno
nororonneno oxono 120 uenonex.
B cnxsn c rem ]axrom, uro upesmepnoe n ecrannnsnpymmee naxannn-
nanne n ecxonrpontnoe pacnpocrpanenne nerxoro opyxnx cosaer yrposy n

16
O noponocrxx n pyrnx eranxx Konnennnn cm. ononnenne A.
17
Hn]opmannx o exrentnocrn OAI nonyuena ns nepenncxn c enapramenrom omecr-
nenno nn]opmannn OAI, xnn. 2012 r.
18
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and
Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transna-
tional Organized Crime (UN Firearms Protocol), adopted 31 May 2001, entered into force 3 July
2005, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 2326 (2007); and International Instrument to Enable
States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light
Weapons (International Tracing Instrument, ITI), adopted by the UN General Assembly in Deci-
sion 60/519, 8 Dec. 2005, http://www.poa-iss.org/InternationalTracing.aspx. On the Firearms Pro-
tocol and the ITI see below.
19
3ro tnn Faramt, Fapaoc, Kocra-Pnxa, 3xnaop, Cantnaop, Ipenaa, Inaremana,
Iaana, Ionypac, Haparna, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt,
xoropte xnnxmrcx yuacrnnxamn KHHCO.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 472
ntson mnpy, rocyapcrna unent Oprannsannn no esonacnocrn n corpynn-
uecrny n Enpone (OFCE) npnnxnn n noxpe 2000 r. oxymenr OFCE no nerxomy
n crpenxonomy opyxnm
20
. B oxymenre ouepunnaercx nanason oxsarentcrn
nx rocyapcrn no mnornx acnexrax xonrponx na HCO, nxnmuax onacrn, cnx-
sannte c xonrponem na nepeaue opyxnx. Hocne 2000 r. on tn ononnen n
ycnnen n pesyntrare npnnxrnx cepnn nonnrnuecxn oxstnammnx pemenn no
nonpocam xonrponx na +xcnoprom, cosannx pxa ntcoxoxauecrnenntx
npaxrnuecxnx oxymenron n omena nn]opmanne mexy rocyapcrnamn
21
.
Ha nporxxennn 2011 r. OFCE npoonxana nomorart rocyapcrnam-
yuacrnnxam conepmencrnonart nx xonrpont na nepeaue HCO n mexyna-
ponom macmrae. 3ra nomomt nxnmuana nponeenne nccneonannx roro, xax
crpant conmann ntpaorannte OFCE Hpnnnnnt xonrponx na ropronne
nerxnm n crpenxontm opyxnem, a raxxe cosanne opasna +nexrponnoro cep-
rn]nxara nx xoneunoro norpenrenx
22
.

OFCE raxxe nnnnnnponana nponee-
nne cepnn pernonantntx cemnnapon nx unnonnnxon, sannmammnxcx +xc-
noprntm nnnensnponannem, n ramoxenntx arenrcrn, cnxsanntx c xonrponem
na +xcnoprom ronapon noennoro nnn nonoro nasnauennx. Hepnt cemnnap
nx crpan Rro-Bocrouno Enpont cocroxncx n oxrxpe 2011 r. n 3arpee,
Xopnarnx. Hocneymmne cemnnapt tnn nponeent n nauane 2012 r. n Ba-
nerre, Mantra, n n Amxaae, Typxmenncran
23
.

anee coornercrnymmne me-
ponpnxrnx nnannpyercx nponecrn n Bocrouno Enpone n na Kanxase.


Hporpauua enc1nnn OOH no nonpocau nerxoro n c1penxonoro opyann

C 9 no 13 max 2011 r. n Htm-Hopxe npomna orxptrax ncrpeua rpynnt
npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron (BH3) nx ocyxennx ntnonnennx nporpam-
mt ecrnn OOH no npeornpamennm, opte n ncxopenennm nesaxonno
ropronnn nerxnm n crpenxontm opyxnem no ncex ee acnexrax (Hporpamma

20
OSCE, Forum for Security CO-operation, OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light
Weapons, 24 Nov. 2000, http://www.osce.org/fsc/20783, section I, para. 1.
21
See OSCE, Handbook of Best Practices on Small Arms and Light Weapons (OSCE: Vienna,
2003); OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Standard elements of end-user certificates and veri-
fication procedures for SALW exports, Decision no. 5/04, FSC.DEC/5/04, 17 Nov. 2004; OSCE,
Forum for Security Co-operation, Updating the OSCE principles for export controls of man-portable
air defence systems, Decision no. 5/08, FSC.DEC/5/08, 26 May 2008; and OSCE, Forum for Se-
curity Co-operation, Information exchange with regatd to sample formats of end-user certificates
and relevant verification procedures, Decision no. 12/08, FSC.DEC/12/08, 12 Nov. 2008.
22
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, OSCE principles on the control of brokering in
small arms and light weapons, Decision no. 8/04, FSC. DEC/8/04, 24 Nov. 2004; OSCE, Conflict
Prevention Centre, Summary report on replies provided by participating States on the one-off
information exchange with regard to OSCE Princples on the Control of Brokering in Small Arms
and Light Weapons, FSC.GAL/95/11, 1 Sep. 2011; OSCE, Ministerial Council, The continuing
implementation of the OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons, FSC Chairpersons
progress report, MC.GAL/2/11, 14 Nov. 2011; and OSCE, Conflict Preventatin Centre, OSCE helps
control export of small arms and light weapons, News, [n.d.], http://www.osce.org/ cpc/83173.
23
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, OSCE holds a workshop for customs and licens-
ing authorotoes with Mediterranean Partners on military and dual-use goods, Jan. 2012,
http://www.osce.org/fsc/87153.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 473
ecrnn H OOH)
24
.

Ha ocnone xoncyntrann, nponeenntx npeceare-
nem ncrpeun, nocnom xnmom Maxn+em (Honax 3enannx), raxne nonpoct,
xax mapxnponxa nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx, xpanenne oxymenron n or-
cnexnnanne napymenn tnn ntpant remamn ocyxennx na BH3
25
.
Mapxnponxa opyxnx na nnrentnt cpox, napxy c npannntntm xpane-
nnem oxymenron n corpynnuecrnom mexy crpanamn n nnyrpn crpan, no-
snonxer orcnexnnart mecronaxoxenne nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx c mo-
menra ero nponsnocrna nnn nocnenero saxonnoro npnoperennx o momenra
nonaannx n nenerantnym c]epy. Ha npaxrnxe ornpanntm nynxrom nx nc-
xyccn o mapxnponxe, xpanennn oxymenron n cnexennn tn ne H OOH, a
nanpannennte na paspemenne cymecrnymmnx nponem mept, npenoxennte
n oxymenre 2005 r. no mexynaponomy cnexennm (MC) (2005 Interna-
tional Tracing Instrument), xoropt oxnartnaer +ry c]epy onee erantno.
Xorx n xoe BH3 ne tnn ocrnrnyrt peantnte pesyntrart, +ra ncrpeua
oecneunna npocrpancrno nx ncxyccn +xcnepron, xacammnxcx n ocnonnom
rexnnuecxnx nonpocon. ncxyccnn nxnmunnn n cex px rexymnx cnopntx
nonpocon no peannsannn MC
26
. Hanpnmep, c rex nop xax tnn npnnxrt
MC n Hporoxon OOH o crpenxonom opyxnn, crano onee pacnpocrpaneno
nponsnocrno crpenxonoro opyxnx na nonnmepno ocnone, ocoenno na rpa-
xancxom ptnxe. B ornnune or opyxnx, nponsneennoro ns meranna, ocra-
rouno rpyno nocrannrt onrocpounoe xnemo na opyxne, nponsneennoe na
nonnmepno ocnone, ocoenno nocne roro xax ono tno nponsneeno (na-
npnmep, nx nnosa n uyxym crpany). Hpecrannrenn IH3 ntnnnynn +ry
nponemy na nepnt nnan n ocynnn pasnnunte napnanrt ee pemennx. B ro
xe npemx onn ocynnn ntsont n nonpoct, cnxsannte c peannsanne yxa-
sanntx oxymenron, nosnnxammne no ncex paonax n crpanax, cpen xoro-
ptx, xpome mapxnponxn, tnn neenne yuera, corpynnuecrno n onacrn or-
cnexnnannx, onpeenenne nannonantntx pamox, pernonantnoe corpynnue-
crno, a raxxe mexynaponax nomomt n cosanne norennnana nx ntnonnennx
coornercrnymmnx nopm
27
.

24
United Nations, General Assembly, Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate
the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, A/CONF.192/15, 20 July
2001, pp. 722. Cm. o BH3 2011 roa http://www.poa-iss.org/MGE/. B xonrexcre OOH orxpt-
rax (mnpoxax) ncrpeua osnauaer, uro nce crpant unent OOH npnrnament x yuacrnm n ne.
Fonee nonnt ananns no BH3 cm. n paore McDonald, G., Precedent in the making: the UN
meeting of governmental experts, Small Arms Survey Issue Brief no. 5, Precedent in the making:
the UN meeting of governmental experts, Small Arms Survey Brief no. 5, Mar. 2012, http://
www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/issue-briefs.html.
25
Cm. nnctmo npecrannrenx nocroxnno Mnccnn Hono 3enannn Maxn+x n OOH or 13
ex. 2010 r.
26
3rn nynxrt tnn cxonnenrpnponant n cnennantnom oxymenre, npecrannennom
Ienepantnomy cexperapm OOH. United Nations, General Assembly, Summary by the Chair of
discussions at the open-ended meeting of the governmental experts on the Implementation of the
Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light
Weapons in All Its Aspects, 913 May, 2011, New York, Annex to A/66/157, 19 July 2011. Ho
peannsannn MC cm.: McDonald, G., Fact or fiction? The UN small arms process, Small Arms
Survey 2011: States of Security (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2011), pp. 4950.
27
United Nations (cnocxa 26).
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 474
cno, uro px ncxyccn, nponeenntx n xoe BH3, nxnmuax re, xoro-
pte tnn nponeent n pamxax ocnonno ceccnn, moryr npnnecrn x xonxper-
ntm ynyumennxm n onacrn peannsannn MC. Hanpnmep, onnm ns pemam-
mnx acnexron ntnonnennx rpeonann MC xnnxercx onpeenenne onoro
nnn necxontxnx nannonantntx xonraxrntx nynxron nx nanpannennx sanpo-
con, xacammnxcx orcnexnnannx, n ntnonnennx onee mnpoxnx ]ynxnn no
omeny nn]opmanne. B cepenne xnnapx 2011 r. na necare O]nca OOH no
enam pasopyxennx tn npnneen nepeuent c]opmnponanntx n coornercrnnn
c MC xonraxrntx nynxron, xoropte noxnnnnct rontxo n 18-rn ns 192-x
crpan, xnnxmmnxcx unenamn OOH. K 12 max n npenocnenn ent BH3 xo-
nnuecrno noontx nynxron nospocno o 67
28
.

28
Cm.: McDonald (cnocxa 26), a raxxe United Nations, Office for Disarmanent Affairs, ITI
National Points of Contact. Updated as of 12 May 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 475
III. MHOIOCTOPOHHHE 3MFAPIO HA HOCTABKH OPYH

Herep . BE3EMAH n Ho+nt KEHHH

B 2011 roy nponsomno necxontxo cymecrnenntx cotrn, xacammnxcx
mnorocroponnnx +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx. B nauane roa Coner Fesonac-
nocrn OOH nanoxnn canxnnn na Hnnnm, nxnmuax +mapro na nocranxn opy-
xnx, no rocyapcrna nnocnecrnnn pasomnnct no mnennxx no nonoy c]ept
oxnara +mapro. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH oxasancx ne n cocroxnnn cornaco-
nart nanoxenne +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm, necmorpx na nn-
rentnte ncxyccnn.
B 2011 r. ecrnonann 13 +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx, 19 +mapro
Enponecxoro comsa (EC), ono 3xonomnuecxoro coomecrna sanano-
a]pnxancxnx rocyapcrn (3KOBAC) n ono Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn
(cm. ran. 10.1)
1
.

Hs 19 +mapro, nanoxenntx EC, 9 xnnxnnct npxmtm ntnon-
nennem pemenn OOH, 3 ntnonnxnn +mapro OOH, nsmenxx npn +rom c]epy
nx oxnara, n 7 +mapro ne nmenn ananoron n cncreme OOH
2
.

3mapro 3KOBAC
n Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn ne tnn ananoramn +mapro OOH.
3mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm tno enncrnenntm nontm +m-
apro, nanoxenntm Conerom Fesonacnocrn OOH n 2011 r.
3
EC, nomnmo nt-
nonnennx nonoro +mapro OOH, nanoxennoro na Hnnnm, n reuenne 2011 r. nnen
rpn nontx +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx: n ornomennn Fenapycn, Rxnoro Cy-
ana n Cnpnn. Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn nanoxnna n 2011 r. cnoe nepnoe +m-
apro na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm. 3mapro, nanoxennoe 3KOBAC na Inn-
nem n 2009 r., tno cnxro n 2011 r.


Annnn

26 ]enpanx 2011 r., uepes ne neenn nocne nauana noccrannx n Hnnnn,
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno nporonoconan sa nanoxenne +mapro
na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm n ns Hnnnn, pearnpyx na rpyoe n cncremarn-
uecxoe napymenne nnnncxnm npannrentcrnom npan uenonexa, nxnmuax pe-
npeccnn npornn mnpntx emoncrpanron
4
.

Ho xonrpacry c cnryanne, nos-
nnxme npn ronoconannxx no canxnnxm OOH n ornomennn nnyrpennnx xon-
]nnxron n Mtxnme n 2007 r. n n 3nmane n 2008 r., n noepxxy canxnn
npornn Hnnnn Poccnx n Knra nporonoconann es xaxnx-nno nponono-
uex
5
.

Oe crpant oxcnnnn cnom noepxxy canxnn npornn Hnnnn osao-
uennocrtm no nonoy nacnnnx n Hnnnn n npnnxrnem no nnnmanne rouex spe-
nnx Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn n A]pnxancxoro comsa
6
. EC ntnonnnn nano-

3
Ho amnnncrparnnntm npnunnam +mapro OOH n ornomennn Ant-Kant n Tanna-
na, a raxxe cnxsanntx c nnmn orentntmn nnnamn n crpyxrypamn, tnn pasenent na +m-
apro n ornomennn Tannana n +mapro n ornomennn Ant-Kant, a raxxe cnxsanntmn c
ne orentntmn nnnamn n crpyxrypamn. Pesonmnnx Conera Fesonacnocrn 1988 n 1989, 17
nmnx 2011 r.
6
United Nations (note 5), p. 4.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 476
xennoe OOH +mapro nocpecrnom nneennx 28 ]enpanx cnoero cocrnenno-
ro +mapro n ornomennn Hnnnn
7
.
17 mapra 2011 r. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH npnnxn Pesonmnnm 1973, xo-
ropax nouepxnnana neoxonmocrt nanoxennx +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx
n Hnnnm n ynonnomounnana crpant unent OOH, xoropte oxnnnn o na-
mepennn n nauann ecrnonart n corpynnuecrne c Ienepantntm Cexperapem
OOH, npenpnnxrt neoxonmte mept no samnre rpaxancxoro nacenennx n
Hnnnn or yrpost nanaennx, ne npornnopeuamne naparpa]y Pesonmnnn
1970, naxnatnammero +mapro na nocranxn n crpany opyxnx
8
. Hmennct pas-
nte rouxn spennx no nonoy roro, n xaxnx npeenax +rnmn nymx pesonm-
nnxmn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH onxnt sanpemartcx nocranxn opyxnx
cnnam, opmmnmcx npornn pexnma Myammapa Kaa]n. uopmynnponxn Pe-
sonmnnn 1973, ocoenno ncnontsonanne repmnna nenpornnopeuamn, npn-
nenn x ncxyccnn nnyrpn pxa crpan n mexy crpanamn no nonoy roro, no-
snonxer nn ona cnaxart opyxnem rpynnt n Hnnnn, samnmammne cex or
npannrentcrna, paccmarpnnax +ro xax uacrt ycnnn no samnre rpaxancxoro
nacenennx
9
. Hanpnmep, npemtep-mnnncrp Bennxopnrannn +nn K+mepon n
Iocyapcrnennt cexperapt CBA Xnnnapn Pox+m Knnnron yrnepxann,
uro pesonmnnx nosnonxer +ro enart. A mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en upannnn
Anan mnne n mnnncrp oopont upannnn epap Honre n xonne mapra nce
eme cunrann, uro nocranxn opyxnx noncrannam xnnxmrcx napymennem canx-
nn OOH
10
. Anepc uor Pacmyccen, renepantnt cexperapt HATO, saxnnn,
uro HATO ne yer noepxnnart oecneuenne opyxnem noncranuecxnx
cnn
11
.

Ipynna +xcnepron OOH no Hnnnn ntxnnna rpn rnna nocranox: a) no-
cranxn, o xoroptx tn yneomnen Ienepantnt cexperapt OOH, n xoropte,
cneonarentno, coornercrnymr Pesonmnnn 1973; b) nocranxn, yneomnennx o
xoroptx ne coornercrnonann rpeonannxm OOH; n c) nesaxnnennte nocranxn,
xoropte napymann +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx
12
.
B nrore px crpan, ecrnyx n onocroponnem nopxxe, pemnnn npeoc-
rannxrt opyxne nnnncxnm noncrannam nocne 17 mapra. Hocranxn, ocymecr-
nnxemte upannne, Hranne, Bennxopnranne n CBA, ornocnnnct x no-

7
Council Decision 2011/137/CFSP of 28 Feb. 2011 concerning restrictive measures in view
of the situation in Libya, Official Journal of the European Union, L58, 3 Mar. 2011; and Council
Regulation (EU) No. 204/2011 of 2 Mar. 2011 concerning restrictive measures in view of the
situation in Libya, Official Journal of the European Union, L58, 3 Mar. 2011.
8
UN Security Council Resolution 1973, 17 Mar. 2011, para. 4.
9
Trevelyan, L., Libya: coalition divided on arming rebels, BBC News, 29 Mar. 2011, http://
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12900706; and Lynch, C., The United States and its allies
explore lega; l case for arming the Libyan rebels, Turtle Bay blog, Foreign Policy, 24 Mar. 2011,
http://turtlebay.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/24/the_united_states_and_its_allies_explore_lega
l_case_for_arming_the_libyan_rebels/
10
French defence minister: arming Libyan rebels not on agenda, Deutsche Presse-Agentur,
31 Mar. 2011, http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/news/article_1629917.php
11
Bryant, L., NATO says arming Libyan rebels not an option, Voice of America, 31 Mar.
2011, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/north/NATO-Takes-Over-Libya-Air-Operations-
118977889.html.
12
United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Panel of Experts on Libya established pur-
suant to Resolution 1973 (2011), 17 Feb. 2012, annex to S/2012/163, 20 Mar. 2012, p. 20.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 477
cranxam nepnoro rnna. B nmne upannnx, necmorpx na cnom npexnmm rouxy
spennx, orxptro npnsnanact n cnaxennn rpaxancxoro nacenennx opyxnem
nx camooopont, yrnepxax, uro +ro tno cenano n coornercrnnn c ]op-
mynnponxamn nyx pesonmnn OOH
13
.

Hrannx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA co-
omnnn, uro onn nocrannnn n Hnnnm necmepronocnoe cnapxxenne, raxoe xax
ponexnnert
14
.

Bo nropym xareropnm nonano opyxne, nocrannennoe ns Ka-
rapa, n nocranxn opyxnx, npenonoxnrentno, ns Oennenntx Apacxnx
3mnparon
15
.

To, uro Karap npeocrannxn opyxne Hnnnn, x anpenm yxe ne xn-
nxnoct cexperom, nocxontxy npemtep-mnnncrp Karapa Xama Fen cen Fen
xaep Ant Tann saxnnn, uro Pesonmnnx 1973 nosnonxer npeocrannenne
ooponnrentnoro opyxnx
16
. Hocranxn opyxnx ns Anannn n Cyana, xax co-
omanoct, nonann n 3-m xareropnm. Hpn +rom Cyan saxnnn, uro on cnann
opyxnem noncrannen Hnnnn n ormecrxy sa noepxxy Kaa]n cyancxnx
noncrannen
17
. Hmennct raxxe nenornepxennte coomennx, uro Ernner,
Hrannx n Hontma cnannn opyxnem nnnncxnx noncrannen
18
. Hocxontxy
EC ne nnec nonpanxn n cnoe +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx nocne npnnxrnx
Pesonmnnn 1973, nnnmo, cneyer cunrart, uro crpant unent EC, xoropte
cnannn noncrannen opyxnem, napymnnn +mapro EC. Onaxo +rn ouenn-
nte napymennx ne npnnenn x orxptro ncxyccnn nnyrpn EC.
Poccnx ocynna nocranxn opyxnx rpynnam, opmmnmcx c pexnmom
Kaa]n, xax rpyoe napymenne +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx n nmecre
c Rxno A]pnxo n nmne norpeonana saxptroro saceannx Komnrera OOH
no canxnnxm n ornomennn Hnnnn nx ocyxennx ]pannyscxnx nocranox
opyxnx
19
. Mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Poccnn Cepre Hanpon saxnnn, uro no-
cranxn opyxnx nanecnn npe Conery Fesonacnocrn OOH, noromy uro nnxro
panee rax rpyo n orxptro eme ne napyman ero pemennx
20
. Knra yexan
crpant xecrxo npnepxnnartcx canxnn OOH no Hnnnn, no xnno ne ocynn
onpeenennte crpant
21
.

13
Charbonneau, L., Arming rebels doesnt violate UN sanctions: France, Reuters, 29 June
2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/29/us-libya-un-france-idUSTRE75S7XR20110629.
14
United Nations (cnocxa 12), c. 22.
15
United Nations (cnocxa 12), c. 23.
16
Black, I., Libyan rebels receiving anti-tank weapons from Qatar, The Guardian, 14 Apr.
2011; and Dagher, S., Levison, C. and Coker, M., Tiny kingdoms huge role in Libya draws con-
cern, Wall Street Journal, 17 Oct. 2011.
17
Copnall, J., Sudan armed Libyan rebels, says President Bashir, BBC News, 26 Oct. 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15471734.
18
Levinson, C. And Rosenberg, M., Egypt said to arm Libyan rebels, Wall Street Journal,
17 Mar. 2011; Adamowski, J., Poland sold arms to Libyan rebels, Defense News, 22 Aug. 2011;
and Hooper, J., Italian government blocks investigation into missing arms cache, The Guardian,
19 July 2011.
19
Reuters, Russia says France is violating embargo, New York Times, 30 June 2011; and
Lee, M.R., UN Libya sanctions consensus requirement makes arms embargo a joke, Inner City
Press, 7 July 2011, http://www.innercitypress.com/frun6libya070711.html.
20
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov interview to
Rossiya 24 TV channel, September 27, 2011, 27 Sep. 2011, http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/ac
216d869696b4c4c325791a005c88d6.
21
China avoids criticising France over Libya arms, Reuters, 30 June 2011, http://af.reuters.
com/article/topNews/idAFJOE75T08J20110630.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 478
Pexnm Kaa]n, xax npecrannxercx, tn ycnemno orpesan or nocranox
opyxnx nocne 27 ]enpanx 2011 r. oxymenrt, naennte xypnanncramn n
Tpnnonn, noxasann, uro xnracxne xomnannn, nponsnoxmne opyxne, npnnx-
nn o]nnnantntx npecrannrene Hnnnn n nmne 2011 r. n npenoxnnn npo-
art Hnnnn noopyxennx
22
.

B orner mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en KHP saxnnn,
uro xonraxrt nmenn mecro, no es neoma xnracxoro npannrentcrna. Taxxe
on ormernn, uro opyxne ne tno nocranneno, n uro Knra yer xecrxo npn-
epxnnartcx canxnn OOH, nanoxenntx na Hnnnm
23
.
15 cenrxpx Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH nnec nonpanxn n +mapro na no-
cranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm, paspemnn nocranxn opyxnx Hannonantnomy nepe-
xonomy conery (HHC), xoropt yrpom +roro nx tn npnsnan Ienepantno
Accamnee n xauecrne nonoro nnnncxoro npannrentcrna
24
.
B reuenne 2011 r. crano xcno, uro noxnnncx ceptesnt pncx nonaannx
ontmoro xonnuecrna opyxnx c neoxpanxemtx cxnaon n Hnnnn n cocenne
crpant. Texnnuecxn +ro tno t napymennem +mapro na +xcnopr opyxnx ns
Hnnnn, no peantno nponemo tno ro, uro raxne yreuxn opyxnx mornn t
pasxeut ceptesnte xon]nnxrt nnn cnococrnonart pacmnpennm reppopn-
crnuecxo exrentnocrn sa npeenamn Hnnnn. B oxrxpe 2011 r. Coner Feso-
nacnocrn OOH npnnxn pesonmnnm, ntpaxammym osaouennocrt n cnxsn c
yreuxo opyxnx ns Hnnnn n npnsnanmym mexynaponoe coomecrno oec-
neunrt nomomt n npeornpamennn +ro yreuxn
25
.


Cnpnn

Tora xax pemenne Conera Fesonacnocrn no nonoy +mapro OOH na
nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm tno npnnxro onontno tcrpo, n cnyuae c Cnpn-
e, re c mapra 2011 r. npannrentcrnennte cnnt nacnntcrnenno noannxnn
mnpnte nporecrt, eno ocroxno nntm opasom
26
. EC nanoxnn canxnnn na
Cnpnm 9 max 2011 r., nxnmuammne +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n cnapxxe-
nnx, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant nx penpeccn nnyrpn crpant, n
npnsnan cnpncxne cnnt esonacnocrn npoxnnxrt cepxannocrt
27
. B reuenne
necxontxnx mecxnen nocne roro, xax tno cornaconano +ro nepnoe mnorocro-
ponnee +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, crpant Enpont n CBA onnannct

22
Smith, G., China offered Gadhafi huge stockpiles of arms: Libyan memos, Globe and
Mail (Toronto), 2 Sep. 2011.
23
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yus regular
press conference on September 5, 2011, 6 Sep. 2011, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xwfw/s2510/
2511/t857039.htm.
24
UN Security Council Resolution 2009, 16 Sep. 2011.
25
UN Security Council Resolution 2017, 31 Oct. 2011.
26
O cotrnxx n Cnpnn n 2011 r. cm. raxxe rnany 2, pasen I n rnany 3, pasen II n +rom
rome. O nonnrnxe crpan-nocranmnxon n onacrn +xcnopra noopyxenn n Cnpnm cm. rnany 6,
pasen II.
27
Council Decision 2011/273/CFSP of 9 May 2011 concerning restrictive measures against
Syria, Official Journal of the European Union, L121, 10 May 2011; and Council Regulation
no. 442/2011 of 9 May 2011 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, Of-
ficial Journal of the European Union, L121, 10 May 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 479
noepxxn pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH no cnryannn n Cnpnn.
Hpoexr +ro pesonmnnn, xoropt nnpxynnponan nnyrpn Conera Fesonacno-
crn OOH o 24 anrycra, npnstnan x canxnnxm n ornomennn Cnpnn, nxnmuax
nonnoe +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n onpeenennte ]nnanconte canxnnn
28
.
26 anrycra Poccnx pacnpocrpannna antrepnarnnnt npoexr pesonmnnn, ne
nxnmuammn canxnnn, xoropt nonyunn noepxxy co cropont Fpasnnnn,
Knrax, Hnnn n Rxno A]pnxn
29
. Hn onn ns npoexron ne tn nocrannen na
ronoconanne.
Hont npoexr pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH tn npecrannen
uertptmx crpanamn unenamn EC n nauane oxrxpx. On yrpoxan canxnnxmn,
no ne naxnatnan nx. Bmecro +roro on npnstnan crpant npoxnnxrt nrent-
nocrt n cepxannocrt n cnxsn c nocranxamn opyxnx Cnpnn n napxy c +rnm
coepxan px pyrnx nonoxenn
30
. Knra n Poccnx nanoxnnn na pesonmnnm
nero, cctnaxct na npnnnnn nenmemarentcrna no nnyrpennne ena rocyapcrn
n nouepxnnax ror ]axr, uro pesonmnnx nanpannena na oxasanne annennx
rontxo na cnpncxoe npannrentcrno, no ne na onnosnnnm. Taxxe oe crpant
ntpasnnn osaouennocrt, uro yrposa npnmenennx canxnn moxer n xoneunom
nrore npnnecrn x noenno nnrepnennnn, xax n cnryannn c Hnnne
31
.
Tora xax n cnyuae c Hnnne npnstnt x OOH o axrnnntx ecrnnxx n
pernone co cropont orentntx crpan n mexynapontx oprannsann yno-
mnnannct Poccne n Knraem n xauecrne npnunn nx ronoconannx n nontsy
canxnn OOH, no Cnpnn oe crpant npoonxann ntcrynart npornn canxnn,
axe xora Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn n Typnnx ycnnnnn annenne na npann-
rentcrno Cnpnn. K nauany exapx rocyapcrna HAI n Typnnx nanoxnnn
+xonomnuecxne canxnnn n +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n crpany
32
.

B saxnne-
nnxx o]nnnantntx npecrannrene poccncxoro npannrentcrna nouepxnna-
noct, uro pesxoe necornacne Poccnn c nnrepnperanne pxom crpan +mapro
OOH na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm cnococrnonano ee npornnoecrnnm na-
noxennm +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Cnpnm
33
.


28
France three votes short of putting Syria resolution to UNSC vote, RIA Novosti, 14
June 2011, http://en.rian.ru/world/20110614/164612668.html.
29
Lauria, J. And Malas, N., Russia introdyces competing UN draft on Syria, Wall Street
Journal, 26 Aug. 2011.
30
United Nations, Security Council, France, Germany, Portugal and United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland: draft resolution, S/2011/612, 4 Oct. 2011, para. 9.
31
United Nations, Security Council, 6627
th
meeting, S/PV.6627, 4 Oct. 2011, pp. 35.
32
League of Arab States, Arab Ministerial Council, Statement on the situation in Syria, 3
Dec. 2011, http://www.arableagueonline.prg/ (in Arabic); Turkey announces economic sanc-
tions pachage against Syria, Todays Zaman, 30 Nov. 2011; and Krause-Jackson, F. and Freed-
man, J., Russia shows no sign of buckling to pressure to isolate Syria, Bloomberg Businessweek,
2 Dec. 2011.
33
Yakovenko, A., Bending the rules is not the way to resolve conflict, Russia Beyond the
Headlines, 26 Oct. 2011, http://rbth.ru/articles/2011/10/26/bending_the_rules_is_not_the_way_to_
resolve_conflict_13646.html; and Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Opening remarks and
answers by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov at press conference following talks with Ice-
landic Foreign Minister Ossur Skarphedinsson, Moscow, November 29, 2011, 29 Nov. 2011,
http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/brp_4.nsf/910ea870582bc0f344257959001dace9.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 480
pyrne unoroc1oponnne +uapro na noc1anxn opyann

Hecmorpx na ro uro npnsnannoe n mexynaponom nnane n noepxan-
noe OOH npannrentcrno ycranonnno xonrpont na Kor-'Hnyapom n anpene
2011 r., Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH n rom xe mecxne ennornacno nporonoco-
nan sa nponenne +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n +ry crpany na onn ro
34
.

20
nmnx 2011 r. EC nanoxnn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Fenapyct nx yxpe-
nnennx cnonx yxe nmemmnxcx canxnn n ornomennn pyxonocrna crpant n
orner na yxymenne n Fenapycn cnryannn c npanamn uenonexa, emoxparne n
rnanencrnom saxona
35
.

18 nmnx nocne nponosrnamennx Rxntm Cyanom ne-
sanncnmocrn 9 nmnx EC nnec nonpanxy n cnoe +mapro na nocranxy opyxnx n
Cyan, rax uro ono renept npoonxaer ecrnonart n ornomennn xax Cyana,
rax n Rxnoro Cyana
36
. EC ne oxcnnn mornnt nnn nenn nanoxennx +map-
ro na Rxnt Cyan; na Cyan nsnauantno +mapro tno nanoxeno n 1994 r.
ns-sa rpaxancxo nont na mre crpant
37
.
3KOBAC n EC nanoxnnn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Innnem n ox-
rxpe 2009 r. n pesyntrare nacnnnx n yxymennx nonnrnuecxo cnryannn n
crpane. B reuenne 2010 r. nonnrnuecxax cnryannx snaunrentno ynyumnnact, n
nocne npesnenrcxnx ntopon, cocroxnmnxcx n noxpe, Innnex nepnynact x
rpaxancxomy npannennm. B orner 3KOBAC 25 mapra 2011 r. ormennn +m-
apro na nocranxn opyxnx
38
. B ornnune or nero EC nponnn cnoe +mapro o
27 oxrxpx 2012 r. es nynnunoro oxcnennx
39
.


Hapymennn +uapro

B 2011 r., xax n n npetymne rot, coomanoct o pxe snaunrentntx
napymenn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx. 3rn coomennx rnanntm opasom
ncxonnn or rpynn +xcnepron OOH, sannmammnxcx monnropnnrom +mapro
40
.

34
UN Security Council Resolution 1980, 28 Apr. 2011.
35
Council Decision 2011/357/CFSP of 20 June 2011 amending Decision 2010/639/CFSP con-
cerning restrictive measures against certain officials of Belarus, Official Journal of the European
Union, L161, 21 June 2011.
36
Council Decision 2011/423/CFSP of 18 July 2011 concerning restrictive measures against
Sudan and South Sudan and repealing Common Position 2005/411/CFSP, Official Journal of the
European Union, L188, 19 July 2011.
37
Council Decision of 15 Mar. 1994 on the common position defined on the basis of Arti-
cle J.2 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the imposition of an embargo on arms, muni-
tions and military equipment on Sudan (94/165/CFSP), Journal of the European Communities,
L75, 17 Mar. 1994.
38
ECOWAS, Final communiqu of the thirty-ninth ordinary session of the Authority of
Heads of State and Government, Press release 040/2011, 25 Mar. 2011, http://news.ecowas.
int/presseshow.php? nb=042&lang=en&annee=2011.
39
Council Decision 2011/706/CFSP of 27 Oct. 2011 amending Decision 2010/638/CFSP con-
cerning restrictive measures against the Republic of Guinea, Official Journal of the European Un-
ion, L281, 28 Oct. 2011.
40
B 2011 r. cymecrnonann +xcneprnte xomnccnn no ncem +mapro, nanoxenntm OOH, sa
ncxnmuennem +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n ornomennn nenpannrentcrnenntx cnn n Hpaxe n
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 481
Hpenxrcrnnem nx onpeenennx renennn n onacrn napymenn +mapro na
nocranxn opyxnx crann ecrnnx unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn, npenpnnn-
manmnx ycnnnx, urot npeornparnrt nnn saepxart nynnxannn oxnaon
rpynn +xcnepron OOH
41
.

B 2011 r. na nontx oxnaa rpynn +xcnepron onn
no Hpany, a pyro no Kopecxo Hapono-emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxe
(KHP) ne tnn o]nnnantno npecrannent omecrnennocrn. B mae 2011 r.
oxna xomnccnn, xacammncx +mapro OOH n ornomennn Hpana, cran ns-
necren ncnecrnne yreuxn nn]opmannn, onaxo ne tn o]nnnantno npe-
crannen omecrnennocrn xax coomanoct, no npnunne roro, uro Poccnx
noxnponana ero nynnxannm
42
. B reuenne 2011 r. xomnccnx ne cmorna oc-
rnut cornamennx o rom, xora n yer nn noome onynnxonan oxna. Ana-
nornuntm opasom n mae ne tn onynnxonan oxna xomnccnn no Cenepno
Kopee no cnyxam, nocne roro xax Knra ntcrynnn c nospaxennxmn
43
. Cne-
ennx o nem noxnnnnct n xonne mecxna
44
.
Heoxonmocrt n nanexamem paccneonannn n npecrannennn oruer-
nocrn npoxnnnact n pesyntrare ntxnnennx napymenn +mapro na nocranxn
opyxnx n 2011 r. Xorx +ro ne tn oxna o nontx napymennxx Cenepno
Kopee +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n 2011 r., n cranmem nsnecrntm oxna-
e rpynnt +xcnepron OOH coepxannct erantnte onncannx onee pannnx
napymenn n cnocoon, xaxnmn ocymecrnnxnnct +rn napymennx, urot
nouepxnyrt neoxonmocrt trt nrentntmn
45
.

Kax coomanoct, xpome
roro, tnn ceptesnte noospennx, uro n 2011 r. Cenepnax Kopex ntranact
+xcnoprnponart paxert n Mtxnmy
46
. B reuenne 2011 r., cornacno noxnnnmemy-
cx n pesyntrare yreuxn oxnay no Hpany, rpynna +xcnepron nonyunna nn-
]opmannm no xpane mepe o rpex cnyuaxx +xcnopra opyxnx ns Hpana n na-
pymenne canxnn OOH. Onn nxnmuann neontmne nocranxn crpenxonoro
opyxnx na camonere, nepexnauennom Typnne; nepenpanxy noopyxenn,
nxnmuax mecrt npornnoxopaentntx paxer, na opry xopanx, nymero ns
Cnpnn n Ernner, xoropt tn nepexnauen nspanntcxnmn mopcxnmn cnnamn,
n nocranxn nponsneenntx n Hpane 48-mn 122-mnnnnmerpontx paxer n

Hnnane. oxnat, npecrannennte xomnccnxmn +xcnepron, moxno narn na care Komnrera
no canxnnxm Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH, http://www.un.org/sc/committee/.
41
O nontrxax nsmennrt coepxanne oxnaon nnn noxnponart nx noxnnenne n 2010 r.
cm.: Wezeman, P.D. and Kelly, N., 'Multilateral arms embargoes, 2010', SIPRI Yearbook 2011,
pp. 449451.
42
Charbonneau, L., Russia blocks UN report on Iran arms sales: envoys, Reuters, 12 May
2011, http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/russia-blocks-un-report-in-inran-arms-sales-envoys. 3ror
oxna moxno narn n nynnxannn nroronoro oxnaa rpynnt +xcnepron, cosanno n coor-
nercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1929 (2010 r.), http://www.innercitypress.com/1929r051711.pdf.
43
Bilefsky, D., China delays report suggesting North Korea violated sanctions, New York
Times, 14 May 2011.
44
N. Korea and Iran sharing ballistic missile technology, BBC News, 14 May 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13402590. 3ror oxna moxno narn n nynnxa-
nnn oxnaa rpynnt +xcnepron, c]opmnponanno n coornercrnnn c pesonmnne 1874
(2009 r.), http://www.scribd.com/doc/55808872/UN-Panel-of-Experts-NORK-Report-May-2011.
45
Ipynna +xcnepron, c]opmnponannax n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1874 (cnocxa 44),
c. 3032.
46
Sanger, D.E., U.S. said to turn back North Korea missile shipment, New York Times, 12
June 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 482
cnapxxennx nx crpenxonoro opyxnx, xoropte tnn nepexnauent n A]ra-
nncrane. Ipynna +xcnepron raxxe nponena nncnexrnponanne n cnxsn c nepe-
xnarom n Cnnranype nocranxn anmmnnnenoro nopomxa, npenasnauennoro,
nepoxrno, nx ncnontsonannx n npancxnx paxerax
47
. Komnccnx npnmna x nt-
noy, uro, no nce nnnmocrn, tnn n pyrne nepeaun opyxnx, xoropte oc-
rannct nentxnnenntmn
48
.
Ho Kor-'Hnyapy tnn nonyuent uerxne yxasannx o rom, uro snaunrent-
noe xonnuecrno nerxoro opyxnx tno nocranneno ns Fypxnna-uaco noncran-
uecxo rpynnnponxe Honte cnnt, n uro npannrentcrno npesnenra Hopana
Iaro ntranoct nmnoprnponart opyxne nepe cnonm naennem n anpene
2011 r.
49
Hpnoperenne opyxnx oprannsanne Honte cnnt, xnnxmmecx
uacrtm onee mnpoxnx Pecnynnxancxnx cnn, no nce nepoxrnocrn, ctrpano
naxnym pont n oecneuennn ee cnoconocrn cnnontmn meroamn ycranonnrt
xonrpont na nce crpano
50
.
Komnccnx OOH no ap]ypy ntpasnna osaouennocrt no nonoy roro,
uro npannrentcrno Cyana npoonxaer nocrannxrt noennoe cnapxxenne n
ap]yp
51
.

Ipynna OOH no nanmennm sa cnryanne n Comann ormernna, uro
opyxne npoonxaer xonrpaano nocrannxrtcx n crpany nerocyapcrnen-
ntmn rpynnnponxamn. Ftnn ocnonannx cunrart, uro 3pnrpex npoonxana
nocranxn opyxnx nerocyapcrnenntm rpynnnponxam n 2011 r.
52



47
Ipynna +xcnepron, c]opmnponannax n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1929 (cnocxa 42),
C. 1517.
48
Ipynna +xcnepron, c]opmnponannax n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne 1929 (cnocxa 42),
C. 2.
49
United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Group of Experts on Cte dIvoire pursuant
to paragraph 11 of Security Resolution 1946 (2010), 17 Mar. 2011, annex to S/2011/272, 27 Apr.
2011, pp. 1333.
50
Cte dIvoire: a changing of the Guard, IRIN, 6 Apr. 2011 http://www.irinnews.org/ re-
port.aspx? reportid=92385
51
United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Panel of Experts on the Sudan established
pursuant to Resolution 1591 (2005), 20 Sep. 2010, annex to S/2011/111, 8 Mar. 2011, pp. 30
31. See also Wezeman and Kelly (note 41), pp. 448449.
52
United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea
pursuant to Security Resolution 1916 (2010), 20 June 2011, annex to S/2011/433, 18 July 2011,
pp. 4849.













K
O
H
T
P
O
H
B

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A


O
B
B
H
H
B
M
H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
M
H









4
8
3

Tannna 10.1 Mnoroc1oponnne +uapro na noc1anxn opyann, enc1nonanmne n 2011 r.
Osex1 +uapro
a

a1a
nneennn
Ocnonnme oxyuen1m o nneennn
nnn nsuenennn +uapro
b

Hsuenennn n 2011 r.
J+oapeo OOH ua nocmaeru opy+u
"Ant-Kana" n cnxsannte c ne
nnna n oennennx
16 xnnapx
2002 r.
PCF OOH 1390

Hsmeneno PCF OOH 1989 or 17 nmnx
2011 r.
c
emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa
Konro (HHC)
28 nmnx 2003 r. PCF OOH 1493, 1596, 1807 Hponeno o 30 noxpx 2012 r.
PCF OOH 2021 or 29 nox. 2011 r.
Kor-'Hnyap 15 nox. 2004 r. PCF OOH 1572, 1946 Hsmeneno n nponeno o 30 anpenx 2012 r.
PCF OOH 1980 or 28 anp. 2011 r.
3pnrpex 23 ex. 2009 r. PCF OOH 1907
Hpan 23 ex. 2006 r. PCF OOH 1737, 1747, 1929
Hpax (HHC) 6 anr. 1990 r. PCF OOH 661, 1483, 1546
Cenepnax Kopex 15 nmnx 2006 r. PCF OOH 1695, 1718, 1874
Hnnan (HHC) 11 anr. 2006 r. PCF OOH 1701
Hnepnx (HHC) 22 ex. 2003 r.
d
PCF OOH 1521, 1683, 1903 Hponeno o 14 ex. 2012 r. PCF OOH 2025
or 14 ex. 2011 r.
Hnnnx (HHC) 26 ]en. 2011 r. PCF OOH 1970 Honoe +mapro; nsmeneno PCF OOH 1973 or
17 map. 2011 r. n PCF OOH 2009 or 16 cenr.
2011 r.
e
Comann 23 xnn. 1992 r. PCF OOH 733, 1925
Cyan (ap]yp) 30 nmnx 2004 r. PCF OOH 1556, 1591, 1945
"Tannan" 16 xnn. 2002 r. PCF OOH 1390 Hsmeneno PCF OOH 1988 or 17 nmnx
2011 r.
c

J+oapeo EC ua nocmaeru opy+u
"Ant-Kana", "Tannan" n cnxsante
c nnmn nnna n oennennx*
17 ex. 1996 r. OHC 96/746/CFSP,
2001/154/CFSP, 202/402/CFSP

Fenapyct 20 nmnx 2011 r. PC 2011/357/CFSP Honoe +mapro
Knra 27 nmnx 1989 r. exnapannx Enponecxoro conera
emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa
Konro (HHC)*
7 anp. 1993 r. exnapannx, OHC
2003/680/CFSP, 2005/440/CFSP,
2008/369/CFSP


4
8
4





















K
O
H
T
P
O
H
B

H
A


B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
M
H
,

2
0
1
1

Oxonuanne rannnt 10. 1
Osex1 +uapro
a

a1a
nneennn
Ocnonnme oxyuen1m o nneennn
nnn nsuenennn +uapro
b

Hsuenennn n 2011 r.
Kor-'Hnyap*

13 ex. 2004 r. OHC 2004/852CFSP,
2010/656/CFSP

3pnrpex*

1 map. 2010 r. PC 2010/127/CFSP
Innnex 27 oxr. 2009 r. OHC 2009/788/CFSP,
2009/1003/CFSP
Hsmeneno n nponeno o 27 oxr. 2012 r.
PC 2011/706/CFSP or 27 oxr. 2011 r.
Hpan 27 ]en. 2007 r. OHC 2007/140/CFSP,
2007/246/CFSP

Hpax (HHC)*

4 anr. 1990 r. exnapannx, OHC
2003/495/CFSP, 2004/553/CFSP

Cenepnax Kopex 20 nox. 2006 r. OHC 2006/795/CFSP,
2009/573/CFSP

Hnnan (HHC)*

15 cenr. 2006 r. OHC 2006/625/CFSP
Hnepnx (HHC)*

7 max 2001 r. OHC 2001/357/CFSP,
2004/137/CFSP, 2006/518/CFSP,
2010/129/CFSP

Hnnnx (HHC)*

28 ]en. 2011 r. PC 2011/137/CFSP Honoe +mapro; nsmeneno PC 2011/625/CFSP
or 22 cenr. 2011 r.
f
Mtxnma

29 nmnx 1991r.
g
exnapannx CO, OHC
96/635/CFSP, 2003/297/CFSP,
2010/232/ CFSP
Hponeno o 30 anp. 2012 r. PC
2011/239/CFSP or 12 anp. 2011 r.
Comann (HHC)*

10 ex. 2002 r. OHC 2002/960/CFSP,
2009/138/CFSP, 2010/231/CFSP

Rxnt Cyan
h
18 nmnx 2011 r. PC 2011/423/CFSP Honoe +mapro
Cyan 15 map. 1994 r. OHC 94/165/CFSP,
2004/31/CFSP, 2005/411/CFSP

Hsmeneno PC 2011/423 CFSP or 18 nmnx
2011 r.
i
Cnpnx 9 max 2011 r. PC 2011/273/CFSP Honoe +mapro
3nmane 18 ]en. 2002 r. OHC 2002/145/CFSP













K
O
H
T
P
O
H
B

H
A


O
B
B
H
H
B
M
H

B
O
O
P
V

E
H
H
B
M
H









4
8
5


J+oapeo JKOBAC ua nocmaeru opy+u
Innnex 17 oxr. 2009 r. 3axnnenne 3KOBAC Cnxro 25 map. 2011 r.
J+oapeo HAI ua nocmaeru opy+u

Cnpnx 3 ex. 2011 r. 3axnnenne Conera Mnnncrpon Honoe +mapro

* = 3mapro EC no ncnonnenne +mapro OOH; PC = Pemenne Conera EC; OHC = Omax nosnnnx Conera EC; CO = Coner EC no o-
mnm enam; HHC = Henpannrentcrnennte cnnt; PCF OOH = Pesonmnnx Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
a)
Oexr +mapro moxer trt nsmenen co npemenn ero nneennx. B nacroxme rannne oexrt +mapro npnneent no cocroxnnm na
xonen 2011 r.
b)
Panee cymecrnonanmne oxymenrt mornn trt ononnent nnn ormenent nocneymmnmn oxymenramn.
c)
B nmne 2011 r. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH pasennn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, nanoxennoe na Ant-Kany, Tannan n cnxsan-
nte c nnmn nnna n oennennx, na na +mapro ono +mapro n ornomennn Tannana (PCF OOH 1988), a pyroe n ornomennn Ant-
Kant n cnxsanntx c ne nnn n oennenn (PCF OOH 1989).
d)
Hnepnx tna oexrom +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx c 1992 r.; nenn +rnx +mapro ornnuannct pyr or pyra, xorx n tnn cnx-
sant mexy coo.
e)
nx oecneuennx uerxoro ntnonnennx +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, nanoxennoro na Hnnnm, PCF OOH 1973 npnsnana crpant une-
nt OOH nncnexrnponart xopann n camonert na cnoe reppnropnn, ocymecrnnxmmne nepenosxn n Hnnnm nnn ns Hnnnn, nxnmuax otcxn n
a+ponoprax n mopcxnx noprax, a raxxe npnnynrentnte nncnexnnn. PCF OOH 2009 uacrnuno ocnanna +mapro, nosnonnn nocrannxrt opy-
xne nontm nnnncxnm nnacrxm n nx cnaxennx Mnccnn OOH no noepxxe n Hnnnn (MOOHHH).
f)
PC 2011/423/CFSP oecneunno ntnonnenne nsmenenn, nnecenntx PCF OOH 2009 (cm. npnm. e).
g)
EC n ero crpant-unent nnepnte nanoxnnn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Mtxnmy n 1990 r.
h)
Hocne nponosrnamennx Rxntm Cyanom nesanncnmocrn n nmne 2011 r. PC 2011/423/CFSP nsmennno +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx
Cyany raxnm opasom, uro ono yer oxnartnart Cyan n Rxnt Cyan.
Hcmo:uuru: United Nations, Security Council, UN Security Council sanctions committees, <http://www.un.org/se/committes>; and European
Commission, Restrictive measures (sanctions) in force, 18 Jan. 2012, <http://eeas.europa.eu/efsp/sanctions/>.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 486
IV. OIPAHHuEHHE OFIuHIX BOOPYEHHH
B HEHX B HEHX OFECHEuEHH FE3OHACHOCTH
B BOEHHOH OFHACTH: HPOFHEMA KOHTPOH
HA OFIuHIMH BOOPYEHHMH B EBPOHE

Xanc-Hoaxnm BMHT n Bont]ranr 3EHIHEP

Bosononnnmncx nnrepec x nponeme xonrponx na otuntmn noopy-
xennxmn n Enpone, xoropt nanmancx n 2010 r., ne cmor npnnecrn x snaun-
rentnomy nporpeccy n +ro onacrn n 2011 r. Hanpornn, nocne roro xax na
cammnre Oprannsannn no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE) n
Acrane n 2010 r. ne yanoct npnnxrt Pamounym ocnony nx ecrnn ncne-
crnne pasnornacn no nonoy cypernonantntx xon]nnxron, ocoenno n or-
nomennn Ipysnn, re xe camte npnunnt npnnenn x npnocranonxe neperono-
pon n pamxax 36 crpan no nonpocy o xonrpone na otuntmn noopyxennx-
mn n mae 2011 r.
1
K xonny 2011 r. rocyapcrna unent Oprannsannn Cenepo-
arnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO) pemnnn npexparnrt omennnartcx c Poccne
nn]opmanne, cnxsanno c oronopom o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n
Enpone (OBCE) 1990 r.
2


oronop o omunmx noopyaennmx cnnax n Enpone

Poccnx tna enncrnenntm rocyapcrnom unenom OBCE, xoropax ne
ntnonnxna oronop n 2011 r.
3
OBCE nce eme xnnxercx ocnono omeenpo-
necxo cncremt xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n enncrnenntm peantntm
cepxnnannem noennoro ntopa n pernonax c neyperynnponanntmn xon]nnx-
ramn, ocoenno n xon]nnxre mexy Apmenne n Asepaxanom no nonpocy
Haropnoro Kapaaxa
4
.

Poccnx ne yuacrnonana n oxsarentnom omene anntmn
c rex nop, xax ona npnocranonnna cnoe yuacrne n oronope n exape 2007 r.,
n ona raxxe npnocranonnna ncm axrnnnym n naccnnnym nncnexnnonnym
exrentnocrt, xorx nce eme npoonxaer yuacrnonart n paore xomnreron no
oronopy, uro cnnerentcrnyer o rom, uro ona ne nonnocrtm ntmna ns pexn-
ma OBCE. Onaxo cotrnx 2011 r. npnnenn x antneme +posnn pexnma.
B xoe uernepro n, nepoxrno, nocnene osopno xon]epennnn no
OBCE, npomeme 29 cenrxpx 2011 r., ne tno npenpnnxro ceptesntx
snaunmtx nontrox noccranonnrt xnsnecnoconocrt pexnma OBCE n yua-
crne n nem Poccnn. Mnorne rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn xpnrnxonann npnocra-
nonxy Poccne yuacrnx n OBCE n cymecrnonanne nontx ceptx son n

1
B 2010 r. no npenoxennm CBA 30 crpan yuacrnnn OBCE npnrnacnnn 6 crpan
unenon HATO, ne xnnxmmnxcx yuacrnnxamn oronopa Anannm, Xopnarnm, 3cronnm,
Harnnm, Hnrny n Cnonennm nx ocyxennx n pamxax 36 crpan naopa mep no yxpenne-
nnm xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn. Cm.: Lachowski, Z., Conventional arms control
and military confidence building, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 411416.
2
O coepxannn n pyrnx eranxx OBCE cm. ononnenne A nacroxmero nsannx.
3
US Department of State, Compliance with the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe,
Unclassified condition (5) (C) report (US Department of State: Washington, DC, Aug. 2011).
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 487
yxastnann na onacnocrt noxnnennx neyurenntx noopyxenn n noenno rex-
nnxn, xoropte onxnt orpannunnartcx oronopom. Onaxo napannentno ne
tno npenpnnxro ycnnn x romy, urot narn nyrt x noccranonnennm +]-
]exrnnnocrn xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n Enpone
5
.

Poccnx, co
cnoe cropont, nena cex cepxanno, no ana xcno nonxrt, uro saxnmunrent-
nte sameuannx npecearenx xon]epennnn Anpex Honona ns Monont ne
nocxr no ornomennm x Poccnn mpnnuecxn oxstnammero xapaxrepa, no-
cxontxy ona npnocranonnna cnoe yuacrne n oronope
6
.
Ha naroncxo ncrpeue na ntcmem yponne npecrannrene cnennantntx
cnn no xonrponm na otuntmn noopyxennxmn (NATOs High-Level Task
Force on Conventional Arms Control), npoxonnme 3 noxpx 2011 r., nce rocy-
apcrna unent HATO, xnnxmmnecx yuacrnnxamn OBCE, pemnnn npnoc-
ranonnrt omen anntmn c Poccne x xonny roa
7
. Ipysnx n Monona nocne-
onann nx npnmepy
8
. Poccnx, xoropax oxnana raxnx ecrnn, ne nospaxana,
nocxontxy +ro ne mno npaspes c ee crpemnennem noxonunrt c pexnmom, xoro-
pt ona cunraer ycrapenmnm
9
. Onnm ns npaxrnuecxnx nocnecrnn npe-
npnnxrtx maron crano ro, uro Hnepnant n Bennxopnrannx pemnnn sna-
unrentno coxparnrt cno nepconan no nponepxe n nncnexrnponannm, yunrt-
nax nmemmnecx ]nnanconte orpannunrenn n neonpeenennte nepcnexrnnt n
onacrn xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn. Iepmannx nnannpyer coxpa-
rnrt uncnennocrt nepconana n cnoem nenrpe no nepn]nxannn onee uem na
30 uenonex o 170 uenonex x 2015 r.
10
Taxne marn ocyxannct n n Poccnn.
Hecmorpx na saxnnennoe namepenne n pamxax neo]nnnantnoro ]opmara
36 crpan nosponrt xonrpont na noopyxennxmn n Enpone, ontme nentsx
cunrart camo coo pasymemmnmcx ]axrom, uro rocyapcrna-unent ecrnn-
rentno xorxr ntpaorart nonoe cornamenne. 8 ]enpanx 2011 r. nce enerannn
cornaconann oxymenr no nasnannem Pamounax ocnona nx neperonopon no
yxpennennm n moepnnsannn pexnma xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxennx-
mn n Enpone, xoropt onxen orxptrt nyrt nx yuacrnx nontx nosmoxntx
rocyapcrn-unenon n neperonopax no nonomy cornamennm npn cornacnn ncex
rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon
11
.

3ra ]opmynnponxa xnnxnact ornerom na poccncxoe

6
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, 660
th
Plenary Meeting of the Forum, FSC. JOUR/
665, 19 Oct. 2011, annex 2.
7
Nuland, V., Implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe, Statement,
US Department of State, 22 Nov. 2011, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/11/177630.htm.
8
German Federal Foreign Office, Bericht der Bundesregierung zum Stand der Bemuhungen
um Rustungskontrolle, Abrustung und Nichtverbreitung sowie uber die Entwicklung der
Streitkrftepotenziale (Jahresabrustungsbericht 2011) [Federal government report on the status of
arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation efforts and on the development potential of the
armed forces (annual disarmament report 2011)] (Federal Foreign Office: Berlin, 2011), p. 60.
9
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian MFA Press and Information Department
comment on the decision of a number of NATO countries relating to the CFE Treaty, 23 Nov.
2011, http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/48f013fdcc0a092444257952225b60a0.
10
German Bundestag, Deutschlands Rolle im KSE-Prozess [Germanys role in the CFE
process], Response of the federal government to the question by MPs Inge Hoeger, Wolfgang Ge-
hrcke, Sevim Dagdelen, other MPs and the parliamentary group of Die Linke, Bundestagsdrucksa-
che 17/8034, 30 Nov. 2011, p. 8.
11
On the framework see Rdiger H. and Schmidt, H. J., KonventionelleRuestungskontrolle
in Europa: Wege in die Zukunft [Conventional arms control in Europe: paths for the future, Hessi-
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 488
rpeonanne o pacmnpennn yuacrnnxon n pexnme, xorx raxxe nosnonxna Typ-
nnn noxnponart yuacrne Knnpa.
B mapre 2011 r. CBA, ocnontnaxct na nee, panee ntcxasanno Iepma-
nne, npenoxnnn nauart ocymecrnnxrt ncem crpanam yuacrnnxam nepero-
nopnoro nponecca (nxnmuax nce crpant HATO, ne xnnxmmnecx yuacrnnxamn
OBCE) mept n onacrn rpancnapenrnocrn n nepn]nxannn n reuenne npo-
mexyrounoro nepnoa, noxa ne yer ntpaorano nonoe cornamenne. Onaxo
Poccnx orneprna +ro npenoxenne.
Hosnnnx Poccnn cnnerentcrnonana o ee anne sannrepeconannocrn n
xoppexrnponxe ncananca, cosannoro pacmnpennem HATO. Onaxo nnny
cnoxnnmecx na ceronxmnn ent cnryannn Poccnx raxxe, ouennno, cnx-
stnana neperonopt o xonrpone na otuntmn noopyxennxmn c nponemo
corpynnuecrna n onacrn HPO, xorx nynnuno o nsanmocnxsn +rnx nonpocon
nnuero ne tno cxasano. Ipysnx n Monona npeycnenn n oxasannn nnnxnnx na
nexoropte crpant HATO n nenxx nsanmnoro ynxstnannx nepemenntx reppn-
ropnantntx cnopon n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n npn +rom saxnnnn o ro-
ronnocrn nonyunrt cornacne cnonx rocyapcrn na yuacrne n aanrnponannom
OBCE, xoropt Poccnx parn]nnnponana n 2004 r.
12

Ha nocnene ncrpeue n ]opmare 36 crpan, cocroxnmecx 1112 max
2011 r., ne tna cornaconana ara cneymme ncrpeun; +ro moxer trt nn-
repnpernponano nnn xax naysa, nnn xax orxnatnanne raxnx ncrpeu na neon-
peenennt cpox. Bcnecrnne cnoxnocrn pxa cnxsanntx pyr c pyrom npo-
nem, xoropte n nacroxmee npemx noxnpymr antnemee pasnnrne pexnma,
CBA n pyrne crpant sanxnn ntxnarentnym nosnnnm
13
.

Iepmannx axrnnn-
snponana cnon nontrxn no renepnponannm pxa nmnyntcon n ntpaorxe o-
mero nonnmannx yymnx yrpos enponecxo esonacnocrn, n pearnponannn
na xoropte n onpeenenno crenenn moxer nomout cncrema xonrponx na
otuntmn noopyxennxmn. Kpome roro, npannrentcrno Iepmannn ntpaorano
nont noxo no nepn]nnnpyemo rpancnapenrnocrn, xoropt oxnartnaer
xax omne nenrpannsonanno-cerente nosmoxnocrn n onacrn neennx noen-
ntx ecrnn, rax n nosmoxnocrn no tcrpomy nepememennm n pasneprtna-
nnm nocx
14
.

K uemy npnneyr raxoro poa nen, noxa ocraercx nexcntm.

sche Stiftung Friedens und Konfliktforschung (HSFK) Report 6/2011 (HSFK: Frankfurt am Main,
2011), pp. 16, 40.
12
Anatoly Antonov: The West must not only hear to us, but also listen to us What the Pa-
pers Say: Weekly Review, no. 78 (1 Aug. 2011), p. 3. Kparxoe coepxanne n pyrne erann Co-
rnamennx no aanrannn OBCE 1999 r., xoropoe ne ncrynnno n cnny cm n ononnennn A
nacroxmero nsannx.
13
Gottemoeller, R., US Assistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance and Imple-
mentation, Russia and the West: moving the reset forward, Remarks at the Atlantic Council,
Washington, DC, 9 Sep. 2011, http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/172055.htm. Onaxo ror ]axr, uro
rnana enerannn CBA Bnxropnx Hynan nepemna na pyrym onxnocrt 26 max 2011 r., ro-
nopnr o rom, uro amepnxancxoe npannrentcrno nnnr mano mancon na ycnex n +rnx neperono-
pax [neperonopon n ]opmare 36 crpan. Hpu+. nepee.].
14
German Bundestag, Uberwindung des Stillstandes in der konventionellen Rustungskontrolle in
Europa [Overcoming the standstill in conventional arms control in Europe], Response of the federal
government to the question by the MPs Uta Zapf, Dr hc Gernot Erler, Petra Ernstberger, other
MPs and the parliamentary group of the SPD, Bundestagsdrucksache 17/8111, 9 Dec. 2011, p. 4.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 489
Cypernonantnmn xon1pont n Kro-Boc1ounon Enpone

B ornnune or ocrptx nponem, cnxsanntx c OBCE, c Cornamennem
1996 r. no cypernonantnomy xonrponm na noopyxennxmn (unopenrncxoe
cornamenne) ne nosnnxno nnxaxnx necomtx cnoxnocre, n ono npoonxano
ntnonnxrtcx opasnontm opasom, xax n n npetymne rot
15
.

B nacroxmee
npemx pexnm orpannunnaer noopyxennte cnnt n Focnnn n Iepneronnne,
Xopnarnn, uepnoropnn n Cepnn. Hecmorpx na ror ]axr, uro xonnuecrno noo-
pyxenn, xoroptmn nnaemr nce rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn, ropaso nnxe ycra-
nonnenntx oronopom noronxon, nx oponontnte coxpamennx nce eme npo-
onxamrcx
16
. Iocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn raxxe npoxnnxmr roronnocrt npononrt
n npnnnmart oponontnte nncnexnnn, ntxoxmne sa pamxn nx oxsarentcrn
no oronopy.
Bcnecrnne +rnx nonoxnrentntx ecrnn n 2010 r. nauancx nponecc
nepeaun peannsannn unopenrncxoro cornamennx na mecrnt yponent n
nenxx coxpamennx yponnx nonneuennocrn n nero rocyapcrn unenon OFCE
(29 ns xoroptx noepxann pexnm) n nnunoro npecrannrenx ecrnymmero
npecearenx OFCE. Hepnax ]asa nepeaun nonnomoun na mecrnt yponent
tna ycnemno ocymecrnnena n 2011 r., n pesyntrare uero mexynaponax no-
momt n nponeennn nncnexnn coxparnnact na 50%. B xoe nropo ]ast,
xoropax sanepmnrcx x xonny 2014 r., nce pyrne mexynaponte ]ynxnnn
yyr raxxe nepeant uertpem rocyapcrnam-yuacrnnxam. Ha 47- ncrpeue
Cypernonantno xoncyntrarnnno xomnccnn, npoxonnme n Fenrpae c 14
no 17 noxpx 2011 r., npenonaranoct npnnxrt omym opoxnym xapry no
nropo ]ase npeopasonann. Onaxo ocnncxax enerannx ntpasnna nero-
ronnocrt npnnxrt npoexr ome opoxno xaprt no neoxnnenntm, no, ne-
poxrno, manosnaunmtm npnunnam, saepxan oxnaemoe nauano nropo ]ast.


Hepcnex1nnm n nmsonm

Konrpont na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n Enpone sacrpxn n meprno
rouxe, necmorpx na ro, uro neoxonmocrt n nem no ontmomy cuery ne nt-
stnaer comnenn. B nacroxmee npemx ne cymecrnyer xoncencyca no ero xon-
xperntm nenxm, remam, cyexram n oxymenram, n xorx tn ntnnnyr px
nontx xonnennn n noxoon x xonrponm na otuntmn noopyxennxmn,
ncxyccnn no +ro nponemarnxe naxoxrcx n nauantno ]ase. 3nexropant-
nte nnxnt n Poccnn n CBA noponnn ntxnarentnym renennnm n nenxx
ntxnnennx roro, xax yer pasnnnartcx nnyrpennxx nonnrnxa xnmuentx axro-
pon, n ntsnann npenonoxennx, uro nnxaxne naxnte nnnnnarnnt nenosmox-
nt o 2013 r. Taxnm opasom, 2012 ro yer nepnoom rpanc]opmannn, no-
ncxon nontx opnenrnpon n ncxyccn, npn rom, uro neperonopt no nonoy
nontx manaron npecrannxmrcx manonepoxrntmn.

15
For a summary and other details of the Florence Agreement see annex A in this volume.
16
Periotto, C. (Brig. Gen.), Personal Representative of the PSCE Chairperson-in-Office, Im-
plementation of the Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control (Article IV, Annex 1-B, Dayton
Peace Accords), Report to the OSCE Permanent Council, CIO, GAL/158/11, 23 Aug. 2011, p. 1.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 490
B nenom nepesarpysxa n nycroponnnx ornomennxx PoccnxCBA ne
orpasnnact na enponecxo nonnrnxe n onacrn esonacnocrn n xonrponx na
otuntmn noopyxennxmn, re cnryannx nce eme xapaxrepnsyercx rnyoxnm
nsanmntm neonepnem n omymennem yrpost, xoropte noxnpymr pemenne
nponemt nospacramme acnmmerpnn noopyxenntx cnn. Htnemnne poccn-
cxne onacennx ne crontxo cnxsant c noenntmn nponemamn, oxnartnaemtmn
cymecrnymmnmn oronopamn, cxontxo c pasnnrnem nontx rexnonorn n o-
nacrn cosannx otuntx noopyxenn, raxnx xax cnepxsnyxonte xptnarte
paxert n ynpannxemte ycrpocrna, xoropte ne oxnauent xaxnmn-nno co-
rnamennxmn no xonrponm na otuntmn nnn xepntmn noopyxennxmn
17
.
Cmoryr nn +rn yconepmencrnonannte cncremt xora-nno trt orpannuent
na ocnone uncro enponecxnx noxoon x xonrponm na noopyxennxmn, oc-
raercx orxptrtm nonpocom. Hepemennax nponema corpynnuecrna n onac-
rn HPO npecrannxer ononnnrentnym rpynocrt napxy c nonropxmmnmncx
saxnnennxmn Poccnn, uro ona moxer pasnepnyrt paxert mano antnocrn
Hcxanep n Kannnnnrpacxo onacrn
18
.
Hepaspemennte reppnropnantnte xon]nnxrt n c]epe ecrnnx OFCE,
ocoenno n Ipysnn, nrpamr xnmuenym pont n rom, uro n c]epe corpynnuecr-
na n onacrn esonacnocrn, nxnmuax xonrpont na noopyxennxmn, ne nanm-
aercx nnxaxoro nporpecca. Kax Acrannncxax Pamounax ocnona nx ecrnn,
rax n neperonopt n pamxax 36 crpan norepnenn neyauy ns-sa pasnornacn
n ornomennn Ipysnn. Fonee roro, reppnropnantnte xon]nnxrt n Ipysnn n
Monone, a raxxe xon]nnxr mexy Apmenne n Asepaxanom oxasann t
ceptesnoe nosecrnne na xonrpont na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n Enpone,
axe ecnn t nonte cornamennx mornn trt ocrnrnyrt. 3ro cnxsano c nx
pemamme pontm n nponecce yrnepxennx (parn]nxannn) coornercrnymmnx
cornamenn xax no ncex nonneuenntx crpanax, rax n n Konrpecce CBA. Ta-
xnm opasom, nonpoc cocronr n rom, nosmoxnt nn nce eme pemennx, cnxsan-
nte c nx nerpantntm crarycom, nnn nyumnm napnanrom yyr nonnrnuecxn
oxstnammne cornamennx.

17
Cm.: Pentagon successfully tests hypersonic flying bomb, Agence France-Presse, 17 Nov.
2011; and Woolf, A.F., Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Renge Ballistic Missiles:
Background and Issues, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress R41464 (US
Congress, CRS: Washington, DC, 13 Feb. 2012).
18
Office of the President of Russia, Statement in connection with the situation concerning the
NATO countries missile defence system in Europe, 23 Nov. 2011, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/
3115. Cm. raxxe rnany 8, pasen I nacroxmero nsannx.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 491
V. MEPI HO OFECHEuEHHR OBEPH H FE3OHACHOCTH

Xanc-Hoaxnm BMHT n Bont]ranr 3EHIHEP

B ontmnncrne pernonon mnpa n onpeenennte nepnot npemenn npe-
npnnnmannct nontrxn ntpaorart mept no oecneuennm onepnx n eso-
nacnocrn (MF) ne rontxo n xauecrne nenn camo no cee, a xax uacrn onee
mnpoxo ncxyccnn no nonoy cosannx pexnma esonacnocrn, n xoropom
noneenne rocyapcrn xnnxnoct t nonxrntm n npecxasyemtm. Camo co-
epxanne MF, raxnm opasom, onxno trt uerxo npncnoconeno x cnenn-
]nuecxnm ycnonnxm xaxoro pernona.
B Enpone Bencxn oxymenr no MF, ononnennt oronopom o or-
xptrom nee 1992 r., xnnxercx naxnemnm +nemenrom pexnma MF. B Rx-
no Amepnxe nenrpantno crpyxrypo no ntpaorxe MF cran Coms mxno-
amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn (CRAI). Fpasnnnx noxasana npnmep n nponecce
ntpaorxn noxoxmnx nx crpan Rxno Amepnxn MF, npeocrannn
naprnepam no CRAI oponontnt oruer o noenno exrentnocrn, ocno-
nanno na coepxannn Bencxoro oxymenra.


Mepm no oecneuennm onepnn n Kanon Auepnxe
1


Kyntmnnanne n c]epe ntpaorxn MF rocyapcrnamn, nxoxmnmn n
CRAI, xnnnoct npnnxrne na ncrpeue mnnncrpon nnocrpanntx en n oopo-
nt, cocroxnmecx 27 noxpx 2009 r., pesonmnnn, cosamme mexannsm no
oecneuennm mep onepnx n esonacnocrn
2
.

3ro tn ocxsaemt pesyntrar
pemennx, npnnxroro rnanamn rocyapcrn unenon CRAI n anrycre 2009 r. n
Fapnnome, Aprenrnna, nx yxpennennx Rxno Amepnxn xax sont mnpa
3
.
Mnnncrpt rocyapcrn unenon CRAI namernnn xonrypt nxrn xarero-
pn MF: a) omen nn]opmanne n rpancnapenrnocrt; b) npenapnrentnoe
yneomnenne o nmtx noenntx yuennxx nnn manenpax nont rpannnt pyro-
ro rocyapcrna; c) oemanne npenpnnnmart ecrnnx, npeornpamammne
npncyrcrnne nnn onepannn nesaxonntx noenntx rpynnnponox na nannonant-
no reppnropnn; d) oemanne nnxora ne ncnontsonart cnny npornn pyroro
rocyapcrna unena CRAI; e) nonoxennx o nnsnrax n axrnnnsannn noenntx
xonraxron, ocoenno n norpannuntx paonax, npn nomomn mexannsma ape-
cannn nmtx cnopntx nonpocon na yponent rnan rocyapcrn
4
.

1
3ror pasen tn nanncan nom 3nronn.
3
CRAI, Conmecrnoe saxnnenne na cnennantno ncrpeue Conera rnan rocyapcrn une-
non CRAI n Can Kapnoc e Fapnnome 28 anrycra 2009 r., http://www.comunidadandina.org/
unasur/28-8-09bariloche.htm (in Spanish).
4
CRAI (ononnenne 2). Cm raxxe: US Embassy in Quito, UNASUR establishes confi-
dence building mechanism, Cable to US Department of State, no. 09QUITO1009, 1 Dec. 2009,
http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/12/09QUITO1009.html. Ho nonpocam omena nn]opmanne n
rpancnapenrnocrn cm.: Bromley, M. and Solmirano, C., Transparency in Military Spending and
Arms Acquisitions in Latin America and the Caribbean, SIPRI Policy Paper no 31 (SIPRI: Stock-
holm, Jan. 2012).
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 492
Ha ncrpeue Conera oopont mxnoamepnxancxnx rocyapcrn (CORAI),
npomeme 11 noxpx 2011 r., mnnncrpt oopont CRAI saxonunnn ntpa-
orxy meroonornn no onomy +nemenry MF, xacammemycx omena nn]op-
manne n rpancnapenrnocrn noenntm pacxoam
5
.

Conepmencrnonannm pe-
rnonantntx MF raxxe cnococrnonano cosanne Henrpa crparernuecxnx
ooponntx nccneonann (HCOH), xoropt tn orxptr n mae 2011 r.
6
HCOH
yxomnnexronan noenntm nepconanom ns rocyapcrn unenon CRAI n pac-
nonoxen n Fy+noc-Apece, Aprenrnna.


Hepecuo1p Bencxoro oxyuen1a

Ha ncrpeue Conera mnnncrpon n Bnntnmce, Hnrna, npoxonnme 67
exapx 2011 r., crpant unent OFCE npnnercrnonann nepecmorpennym
nepcnm Bencxoro oxymenra Bencxn oxymenr 2011 r. no mepam oecneue-
nnx onepnx n esonacnocrn (B-2011). On tn npnnxr sa neenm o +roro
uopymom no corpynnuecrny n onacrn esonacnocrn (uCF) crpyxrypo
OFCE, oecneunnamme neperonopt n npnnxrne pemenn no nonpocam xon-
rponx na noopyxennxmn
7
. Manar na nepecmorp tn ntan n 2009 r., xora
Coner mnnncrpon oparnncx x uCF c npocto paccmorpert pont xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn n MF n nsmenxmmecx ocranonxe n c]epe esonacno-
crn
8
. K xonny 2010 r. uCF cornaconan cno noxo x moepnnsannn npet-
yme nepcnn oxymenra Bencxoro oxymenra 1999 r. neperonopon mo me-
pam yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn (B-99). 3arem o roronxmecx mo-
epnnsannn Bencxoro oxymenra tno ynomxnyro n Acrannncxo mnneno
exnapannn, npnnxro na cammnre OFCE n Acrane
9
.
Hecmorpx na +ry nororonxy, neperonopt ne npnnenn x cymecrnenntm
nsmenennxm. Hourn nce enxrt pemenn, xoropte nororannnnann npnnxrne
B-2011, nocnnn uncro rexnnuecxn n nponeypnt xapaxrep, xax tno pac-
neneno n oxcnnrentnom saxnnennn, cenannom Iepmanne n noepxannom
38 pyrnmn (sanantmn) crpanamn. Hxrt ns yxasanntx pemenn tnn npn-

6
South American Defence Council, Statute of the Center for Strategic Defense Studies of the
South American Defense Council, May 2010, http://www.unasurcds.org/index.php?option=
com_content&id=434; and Sanros, L., UNASUR founds a Center of Strategic Studies of De-
fense, Just the Facts, 6 June 2011, http://justf.org/blog/2011/06/06/unasur-founds-center-strategic-
studies-defense.
7
Vienna Document 2011 on Confidence- and Security-building Measures, adopted by OSCE,
Forum for Security Co-operation, Decision no. 14/11, FSC.DEC/14/11, 30 Nov. 2011, entered into
force 1 Dec. 2011, http://www.osce.org/fsc/86597. Cm. raxxe: OSCE, Ministerial Council, Vil-
nius 2011, Issues relevant to the Forum for Security Co-operation, Decision no. 7/11,
MC.DEC/7/11/Corr. 1, 7 Dec. 2011.
8
OSCE, Ministerial Council, Athens 2009, Issues relevant to the Forum for Security Co-
operation, Decision no. 16/09, MC.DEC/16/09, 2 Dec. 2009. O cotrnxx o 2010 r.,
ornocxmnxcx x Bencxomy oxymenry, cm.: Lachowski, Z., Conventional arms control and mili-
tary confidence building, SIPRI Yearbook 2011, pp. 416419. Kparxoe onncanne B-2011 n
npemecrnonanmnx emy Bencxnx oxymenron cm. n ononnennn A nacroxmero nsannx.
9
OSCE, Summit Meeting, Astana 2010, Astana Commemorative Declaration: towards a se-
curity community, SUM.DOC/1/10/Corr.1
*
, 3 Dec. 2010, http://www.osce.org/cio/74985.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 493
nxrt eme n 2010 r.
10
Enncrnennoe nonoe pemenne, nmenmee snaunrentnoe
nosecrnne, xacanoct npoxcnennx roro, xax onxnt trt cocrannent nncr-
pyxnnn nx nncnexropon n xaxne nonte mept, npnnxrte ncemn yuacrnnxamn,
onxnt ncrynnrt n cnny nemenenno
11
.
Mnorne cymecrnennte npenoxennx, xoropte tnn ntnnnyrt n xoe
neperonopon, ne yanoct cornaconart. Crpant unent Oprannsannn Cenepo-
arnanrnuecxoro oronopa (HATO), noepxannte pxom pyrnx crpan, cxon-
nenrpnponann cnon npenoxennx na nonnxennn noporon n onacrn npena-
pnrentnoro yneomnennx o onpeenenno noenno exrentnocrn, ononpe-
menno nonxn xnory nncnexnn n onenountx nnsnron. B nmne 2011 r. rpynna
ns 33 rocyapcrn 28 crpan unenon HATO c npncoennnnmnmncx x nnm
Knnpom, Focnne n Iepneronnno, Mantro, Bnenne n Bnenapne
npenoxnnn nonnxenne noporon nx npenapnrentntx yneomnenn o noen-
no exrentnocrn o 5000 noennocnyxamnx (c 9000 n B-99), 100 oentx
ranxon (c 250 n B-99); 200 oentx ponnponanntx mamnn (c 500 n B-99) n
80 aprnnnepncxnx opyn n ycranonox (c 250 n B-99)
12
.

3ro npenoxenne
onxno tno npnnecrn x ynennuennm uncna yneomnenn, rax xax n ocnon-
nom noxasarenn, cnxsannte c rexyme noenno exrentnocrtm yxasanntx
crpan, tnn nnxe noronxon, ycranonnenntx B-99. CBA npenoxnnn yne-
nnunrt xonnuecrno nncnexnn
13
.
Poccnx orneprna +rn npenoxennx, uacrnuno no npnunne roro, uro ona
ne oopxna ononnnrentnym noennym rpancnapenrnocrt no npemx npoon-
xammerocx nponecca pecrpyxrypnsannn cnonx noopyxenntx cnn. Tem ne me-
nee sanante n poccncxne npecrannrenn n Bene cornacnnnct, uro oa-
nounax noennax nennocrt omena anntmn cornacno B-99 ocrarouno or-
pannuena n uro rnannax npnunna nenosmoxnocrn npnnxrt nonte npenoxennx
xnnxercx nonnrnuecxo
14
.

3anante npenoxennx, ocoenno ynennunnammne
xonnuecrno nncnexnn n onenountx nnsnron, paccmarpnnannct Poccne xax
nontrxa ncnontsonart Bencxn oxymenr, urot oorn npnocranonnenne
Poccne cnoero yuacrnx n OBCE. Taxo noxo ne tn esocnonarentntm,
nocxontxy ycnnnx no moepnnsannn Bencxoro oxymenra ecrnnrentno pac-

10
OSCE, MC.DEC/7/11 (note 7), Attachment, Interpretative statement under paragraph IV. 1
(A)6 of the Rules of Procedure of the Organization for Security and Co-operation. The list of 9
decisions is contained in OSCE, FSC.DEC/14/11 (note 7), annex.
11
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Vienna Document Plus: amendments and addi-
tions to Chapter IX Compliance and verification paragraphs 98 and 127, Decision no. 7/11, FSC.
DEC/7/11, 27 July 2011.
12
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Delegations of Albania, Germany, the USA, Bel-
gium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland,
France, the United Kingdom, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem-
bourg, Malta, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland and the Czech Republic, Lowering thresholds for prior notification of certain military
activities Vienna Document 1999, FSC.DEL/107/10/Rev.3/corr.2
*
, 11 July 2011.
13
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, US Mission to the OSCE, Proposal for a draft de-
cision on inspection quotas, FSC.DEL/92/10, 21 Sep. 2010; and OSCE, Forum for Security Co-
operations, US Mission to the OSCE, Proposal for a draft decision on quotas for evaluation vis-
its, FSC.DEL/91/10, 21 Sep. 2010.
14
3ror naparpa] ocnonan na nnrepntm anropa c pxom yuacrnnxon enerann rocy-
apcrn unenon OFCE, Bena, cenrxpt 2011 r.
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 494
cmarpnnannct pxom sanantx enerann n xauecrne nexoero Hnana F, xo-
ropt onxen tn n cnyuae cptna neperonopon no OBCE rapanrnponart no
xpane mepe onpeenennte +nemenrt rpancnapenrnocrn poccncxnx noo-
pyxenntx cnn (cm. ntme pasen IV). B cnom ouepet orcyrcrnne nporpecca
na neperonopax 36 crpan raxxe noxnponano nporpecc n ntpaorxe Ben-
cxoro oxymenra.
Poccnx, co cnoe cropont, raxxe ntnnnyna npenoxennx, xoropte ne
yanoct cornaconart. annee rpeonanne Poccnn omennnartcx nn]opmann-
e no mopcxnm cnnam nnont nposnyuano n oxrxpe 2010 r.
15
3ro npenoxe-
nne xaxt pas ornepramr CBA. na pyrnx mnoroxparno ntnnraemtx
poccncxnx npenoxennx no npenapnrentnomy yneomnennm o xpynntx
nepememennxx noopyxenntx cnn n o exrentnocrn mnoronannonantntx cnn
tcrporo pearnponannx raxxe norepnenn neyauy
16
. Orcyrcrnne nonnrnue-
cxo nonn x ocrnxennm xomnpomncca nponnnmcrpnponan nponan conmecr-
no nnnnnarnnt Poccnn, nexoroptx crpan unenon HATO n pxa pyrnx
crpan no npenapnrentnomy yneomnennm o onnx noenntx yuennxx n ro,
npononmtx n npeenax nnxe cornaconannoro nopora, ecnn npn +rom ne npo-
nonrcx yuenn c yuacrnem cnn, npentmammnx +ror nopor
17
. 3ro npenoxe-
nne norepneno neyauy, necmorpx na ro, uro ono yxe ntnonnxnoct pxom crpan
na oponontno ocnone.
Bencxn oxymenr 2011 r. n nyumem cnyuae emoncrpnpyer mnnnmant-
nt nporpecc no cpannennm c oxymenrom 1999 r.; nent aanrannn +roro nn-
crpymenra x nsmennnmnmcx peannxm n noenno c]epe, xoneuno, ne tna oc-
rnrnyra. Fonee roro, nn nponecc, nn pesyntrar +ro aanrannn ne saann xa-
xoe-nno crparernuecxoe nanpannenne nx exrentnocrn uCF, n no+romy
nexcno, xaxnmn yyr ero cneymmne marn. Ecnn +ra renennnx ne nsme-
nnrcx, pexnm Bencxoro oxymenra yer npoonxart repxrt noennym n no-
nnrnuecxym penenanrnocrt +ror nponecc yxe anno ner. Hponeenne
xpynnomacmrantx noenntx yuenn cranonnrcx nce opoxe, a nonte rexno-
nornn renept oecneunnamr pyrne cnocot onenxn xauecrna noenno no-
roronxn. axe ecnn cpecrna, npenoxennte sanantmn crpanamn nonn-
xenne nopora nexoroptx nnon exrentnocrn, o xoroptx neoxonmo yne-
omnxrt mornn t trt cornaconanntmn, nn]opmannx, nonyuennax n pe-
syntrare nncnexnn, nmena t mentmn noennt cmtcn, uem ono nnn na
ecxrnnernx nasa.


15
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Russian Delegation, 'Proposal for a draft FSC Vi-
enna Document Plus decision on the exchange of information on naval forces', FSC.DEL/134/10,
21 Oct. 2010.
16
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Russian Delegation, 'Proposal for a draft FSC Vi-
enna Document Plus decision on notification of military activities of multinational rapid reaction
forces, FSC.DEL/98/10/Rev.1, 21 Oct. 2010; and OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Rus-
sian Delegation, Proposal for a draft FSC Vienna Document Plus Decision on prior notification of
large-scale military transit, FSC.DEL/133/10/Corr.1, 16 Nov. 2010.
17
OSCE, Forum for Security Co-operation, Delegations of Russia, the United Kingdom,
Greece, Hungary, Austria, Belgium, Kazakhstan, Ireland, Germany, Sweden and Cyprus, Pro-
posal for a draft FSC Vienna Document Plus decision on prior notification of major military ac-
tivities, FSC.DEL/97/10/Corr.4, 21 July 2011.
KOHTPOHB HA OBBHHBMH BOOPVEHHBMH 495
Bnoxaa Koncynt1a1nnnon xounccnn no o1xpm1ouy ney

B 2011 r. n pamxax ntnonnennx oronopa o orxptrom nee tno orxa-
sano rontxo n onom nanmarentnom nonere
18
. B nepno nononnne roa Py-
mtnnx npenoxnna nponecrn nanmarentnt noner na Poccne, neanexo
or rpannnt c Ipysne. Ho-nnnmomy, +ro tno cenano, urot nnont npone-
pnrt, xax Poccnx yer nnrepnpernponart oronop npnmennrentno x reppnro-
pnantntm xon]nnxram n Ipysnn
19
. oronop oxstnaer npononrt nanma-
rentnte nonert, conmax ncrannnm 10 xm or rpannn crpan-neyuacrnnxon
oronopa. Ipysnx xnnxercx yuacrnnxom oronopa o orxptrom nee, a nent n
nnan nonera, npenoxennt Pymtnne, npeycmarpnnamr noner na nnsxom
paccroxnnn or rpannnt Ipysnn. Poccncxoe npornnoecrnne nonery ocno-
ntnanoct na npnsnannn Axasnn nesanncnmtm rocyapcrnom, uro rpeyer
conmennx 10-xnnomerpono ncrannnn. Pymtnnx npoxnnna nexenanne
npncnocannnart nnan x poccncxo nnrepnperannn, n mnccnx tna ormene-
na. Hecmorpx na ro uro nepemennt reppnropnantnt xon]nnxr orpannunn
npana nanmennx rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon n +rom cnyuae, pyrne nonert na
Poccne tnn nponeent n coornercrnnn c npannnamn oronopa. 1418 mapra
2011 r. Poccnx n CBA nponenn cno nepnt conmecrnt nanmarentnt
noner (na Bnenne), a c 26 cenrxpx no 1 oxrxpx poccncxne nanma-
rentnte nonert tnn nponeent na reppnropne CBA, uro nouepxnnaer
noepxxy oronopa oonmn rocyapcrnamn
20
.
Cnop mexy Ipenne n Typnne no nonoy nepemennoro Knnpcxoro
xon]nnxra noxnponan c 2002 r. nosmoxnocrt Knnpa crart yuacrnnxom oro-
nopa o orxptrom nee. Ipennx nonnmana +ror nonpoc na xaxom saceannn
Koncyntrarnnno xomnccnn no orxptromy ney (KKOH), a Typnnx ncera nt-
crynana npornn. Hocne roro xax o +rom cnopnom nonpoce tno ynomxnyro n
Hroronom oxymenre Bropo osopno xon]epennnn n 2010 r., Typnnx pemn-
na npnocranonnrt yuacrne n o]nnnantntx ncrpeuax KKOH, ecnn Ipennx y-
er npoonxart nonnmart +ror nonpoc
21
.

Bcnecrnne roro, uro KKOH moxer
paorart rontxo na ocnone xoncencyca, ona tna ntnyxena ocranonnrt
cnom o]nnnantnym exrentnocrt n ]enpane 2011.
22
Heo]nnnantnte n upes-
ntuante ncrpeun nce eme nosmoxnt, n n anpene tno npnnxro npenoxe-
nne Iepmannn o cosannn nono neo]nnnantno paoue rpynnt na ycnonn-
xx pannoro nxnaa (crpan) nx ocyxennx corpynnuecrna n xoopnnannn

18
O coepxannn n pyrnx eranxx oronopa o orxptrom nee cm. ononnenne A na-
croxmero nsannx.
19
O noonom nnnnenre n 2010 r. cm.: Hxxoncxn (on. 8) c. 422.
20
US Department of State, First U. S. Russian joint Open Skies observation flight, Media
note, 14 Mar. 2011, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/03/158252.htm; and Russian inspec-
tors to make observation flight over US territory, ITAR-TASS, 26 Sep. 2011, http://www.itar-
tass.com/en/c154/233547.html
21
Second Review Conference on the Implementation of the Treaty on Open Skies, Final
Document, OSCC.RC/39/10, 9 June 2010.
22
See e.g. Gottemoeller, R., US Assistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance and
Implementation, Statement at the Annual Security Review Conference, Vienna, 1 July 2011,
http://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/167477.htm
KOHTPOHB HA BOOPVEHHBMH, 2011 496
npn ocymecrnnennn nanmarentntx noneron
23
.

Kaxt ro KKOH onxna
pemart nonpoc o xnorax na nanmarentnte nonert na cneymmn ro. Ha
upesntuano ncrpeue 20 oxrxpx 2011 r., na xoropo Ipennx cornacnnact ne
nonnmart xnnpcxn nonpoc, nce crpant cmornn cornaconart xnort na 2012 r.
3ra cnennantnax nponeypa oecneunna conmenne pexnma n 2012 r. Ona-
xo noxa nexcno, xax nce cnopnte nonpoct yyr pemartcx n antnemem.
Cxopo norpeymrcx naxnte rexnnuecxne pemennx no ceprn]nxannn no-
no nncnexnnonno annannn n nn]ponoro oopyonannx, uro tno n npnn-
nnne canxnnonnponano na Osopno xon]epennnn 2010 r. Pexnm raxxe cran-
xnnaercx c yrposo, cnxsanno c nexnarxo camoneron, nponoxmnx nanma-
rentnte nonert, uro norpeyer antnemnx ncxyccn, xoopnnannn ycnnn
n corpynnuecrna rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon. Cotrnx 2011 r. nontmamr pncx
roro, uro xax n pexnm OBCE, pexnm Orxptroro nea moxer raxxe crart
sanoxnnxom nepemenntx reppnropnantntx cnopon, na +ror pas cnopon mex-
y Ipenne n Typnne no Knnpy.

23
German Bundestag, Deutschlands Rolle im KSE-Prozess [Germanys role in the CFE
process], Response of the federal government to the question by MPs Inge Hoeger, Wolfgang Ge-
hrcke, Sevim Dagdelen, other MPS and the parliamentary group of Die Linke, Bundestagsdruck-
sache 17/8034, 30 Nov. 2011, p. 2.








ORORHEHHR

ononnenne A. Cornamennx no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn
n pasopyxennm
ononnenne B. Mexynaponte oprannsannn no corpynnuecrny
n onacrn esonacnocrn
ononnenne C. Xpononornx 2011
OHOAHEHHE A. COIHABEHH HO KOHTPOHR
HA BOOPYEHHMH H PA3OPYEHHR

Henne FOEHH

B nacroxmem ononnennn n xpononornuecxom nopxxe npnneent ny- n mno-
rocroponnne oronopt, xonnennnn, nporoxont n cornamennx, xacammnecx xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennx. oxymenrt n nepeunn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon
npnneent no cocroxnnm na 1 xnnapx 2012 r.
Hpnueuannn
1. Cornamennx nopasenxmrcx na ynnnepcantnte, r. e. mnorocroponnne oronopt,
orxptrte nx nonncannx ncemn rocyapcrnamn (pasen I), pernonantnte mnorocro-
ponnne oronopt, orxptrte nx rocyapcrn onpeenennoro pernona (pasen II) n
nycroponnne (pasen III). Bnyrpn xaxoro pasena cornamennx npnneent n xponono-
rnuecxom nopxxe nx npnnxrnx, nonncannx nnn orxptrnx nx nonncannx (mnorocro-
ponnne cornamennx). Homnmo +roro yxasant art nx ncrynnennx n cnny, a raxxe annte
no enosnrapnxm mnorocroponnnx cornamenn.
2. Ocnonntm ncrounnxom nn]opmannn xnnxmrcx nepeunn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon,
npeocrannennte enosnrapnxmn oronopon. B xaxom cnncxe xypcnnom ntenent na-
snannx rex rocyapcrn, xoropte parn]nnnponann yxasannoe cornamenne, npncoennn-
nnct x nemy, ynacneonann yuacrne n nem nnn nonncann ero n reuenne 2011 r.
3. nx pxa ocnonntx oronopon n npnmeuannxx npnnoxrcx oronopxn, exnapannn
nnn nnrepnperannn, cenannte rocyapcrnamn n nponecce nonncannx, parn]nxannn,
npncoennennx nnn npeemcrna.
4. Iocyapcrna n oprannsannn, npnneennte n xauecrne yuacrnnxon, parn]nnnpona-
nn, npncoennnnnct nnn ynacneonann yuacrne n cornamennxx. Ftnmne necamoynpan-
nxmmnecx reppnropnn nocne npnoperennx rocyapcrnennocrn nnora npnnnmann
omne saxnnennx o npoonxennn conmennx ncex cornamenn, nonncanntx tnme
ynpannxmme epxano. B annom ononnennn n xauecrne yuacrnnxon npnnoxrcx
rontxo re nonte rocyapcrna, xoropte npnnxnn neocnapnnaemte exnapannn o npoon-
xennn conmennx nnn yneomnnn enosnrapnen o cnoem npeemcrne. Poccncxax uee-
pannx npoonxaer ntnonnenne mexynapontx oxsarentcrn, npnnxrtx Conercxnm Com-
som. Cepnx npoonxaer ntnonnenne mexynapontx oxsarentcrn, npnnxrtx Coms-
ntm rocyapcrnom Cepnn n uepnoropnn.
5. 3a ncxnmuennem ocoo ynomxnyrtx cnyuaen mnorocroponnne cornamennx, npnne-
ennte n nacroxmem ononnennn, orxptrt nx ncex rocyapcrn nnn ncex crpan
coornercrnymme sont (pernona). Onn moryr nx nonncart, parn]nnnponart, npncoen-
nnrtcx x nnm nnn ynacneonart yuacrne n nnx. He nce yuacrnnxn cornamenn, ynomxny-
rte n nacroxmem ononnennn, xnnxmrcx unenamn OOH. Tanant, xorx n ne npnsnan
mnornmn crpanamn xax cynepennoe rocyapcrno, npnneen n xauecrne yuacrnnxa cor-
namenn, xoropte on parn]nnnponan.
6. Ho nosmoxnocrn npnneent cctnxn (ns neuarntx nsann nnn Hnrepnera) na
rounte rexcrt oronopon. Onn moryr trt npeocrannent enosnrapnxmn, yupexe-
nnxmn nnn cexperapnaramn, cnxsanntmn c oronopom, nnn nponnrnponant no nsannm
United Nation Treaty Series. Yxasannoe nsanne n +nexrponnom nne pasmemeno no
apecy <http://treaties.un.org/>.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 500
I. YHHBEPCAHIHIE OIOBOPI
Hpo1oxon o sanpemennn na nonne yymnnnmx, nonn1mx nnn pyrnx noonmx
rason n ax1epnonornuecxnx cpec1n (enencxnn npo1oxon 1925 r.)
Hoonucau e eueee 17 umu 1925 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 8 qeepa. 1928 e.; oenosumapu
npaeume.icmeo 4pauuu.
B Hporoxone ronopnrcx o rom, uro rocyapcrna oxsymrcx cneonart sanpery na
npnmenenne +rnx noopyxenn n cnyuae nont.
V:acmuuru (138): Ancrpnx, Anannx, Anxnp, Anrona, Anrnrya n Fapya, Apren-
rnna, Ancrpannx, A]ranncran, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Faxpen, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fon-
rapnx, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fyran, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx, Ben-
rpnx, Benecy+na, Bternam, Iamnx, Iana, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Iepmannx, Ipe-
naa, Ipennx, annx, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner, Hspannt, Hnnx, Hno-
nesnx, Hopannx, Hpax, Hpan, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kao-
Bepe, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Karap, Kennx, Knnp, Knra, Kopex (Cenepnax),
Kopex (Rxnax), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-'Hnyap, Kya, Kyner, Haoc, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hn-
epnx, Hnnan, Hnnnx, Hnrna, Hnxrenmren, Hmxcemypr, Manpnxn, Maaracxap,
Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mantra, Mapoxxo, Mexcnxa, Monaxo, Monronnx,
Henan, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hnepnant, Hnxaparya, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Haxn-
cran, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Poccnx,
Pyana, Pymtnnx, Cantnaop, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cnasnnen, Ceneran, Cenr-Bnn-
cenr n Ipenannt, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cepnx, Cnpnx, Cnonaxnx,
Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, Cyan, CBA, Cteppa-Heone, Tannan, Tanant,
Tansannx, Toro, Tonra, Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyr-
na, unxn, unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, uemcxax Pecny-
nnxa, unnn, Bnenapnx, Bnennx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex,
3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
Hpu+e:auue: Hpn npncoennennn x nporoxony px rocyapcrn cenann oronopxy o rom,
uro ocrannxmr sa coo npano npnmenxrt xnmnuecxoe nnn nonornuecxoe opyxne npornn
rocyapcrn, ne xnnxmmnxcx yuacrnnxamn Hporoxona, npornn xoannnn, n cocran xoroptx
nxoxr rocyapcrna, ne xnnxmmnecx yuacrnnxamn Hporoxona, nnn npornn rocyapcrna,
ncnontsonanmero raxoe opyxne n napymenne cnonx oxsarentcrn. Mnorne ns +rnx rocyapcrn
orxasannct or raxnx oronopox, n uacrnocrn nocne saxnmuennx Konnennnn o nonornuecxom n
roxcnnnom opyxnn 1972 r. n Konnennnn o xnmnuecxom opyxnn 1993 r., nocxontxy +rn
oronopxn npornnopeuar nx oxsarentcrnam n coornercrnnn c yxasanntmn xonnennnxmn.
Homnmo +rnx npxmtx oronopox cymecrnymr cxptrte oronopxn, xoropte px rocy-
apcrn, saxnnnmnx o npoonxennn ntnonnennx Hporoxona nocne operennx nesanncnmocrn,
ynacneonann or cnonx rocyapcrn-npemecrnennnxon. Taxne cxptrte oronopxn ecrny-
mr, nanpnmep, n ornomennn rocyapcrn, nonyunnmnx nesanncnmocrt or upannnn n Bennxo-
pnrannn o roro, xax nocnenne orxasannct or raxnx oronopox nnn nnecnn n nnx nonpanxn.
Iocyapcrna xe, npncoennnnmnecx x Hporoxony (n ornnune or ynacneonanmnx yuacrne n
nem), ne ynacneonann noonte oronopxn.
Texcm Hpomoro.a: Mexynapont Komnrer Kpacnoro Kpecra, Mexynaponoe rymannrap-
noe npano <http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/280? QpenDocument>.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

501
Konnennnn o npeynpeaennn npec1ynnennn renonna n naxasannn sa nero
(Konnennnn no renonny)
Hpuuma e Hapu+e Ieuepa.iuo Acca+o.ee OOH 9 oeraop 1948 e.; ecmynu.a e
cu.y 12 ueap 1951 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi OOH.
Cornacno +ro Konnennnn nmo axr, nanpannennt na ynnuroxenne, n nenom nnn
uacrnuno, nannonantno, +rnnuecxo, pacono nnn pennrnosno rpynnt xax
raxono, oxnnxercx npecrynnennem, nonexamnm naxasannm n coornercrnnn c
mexynapontm npanom.
V:acmuuru (142): Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Anannx*, Anxnp*, Anoppa,
Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna*, Apmennx, A]ranncran, Faramt, Fanrnaem*, Fap-
aoc, Faxpen*, Fenapyct*, Fenns, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx*, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iep-
neronnna, Fpasnnnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx*, Benecy-
+na*, Bternam*, Iaon, Ianrn, Iamnx, Iana, Inaremana, Innnex, Iepmannx, Iony-
pac, Ipennx, Ipysnx, annx, Ernner, 3nmane, Hspannt, Hnnx*, Hopannx, Hpax,
Hpan, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hcnannx*, Hrannx, Hemen*, Kaoo-Bepoe, Kasaxcran,
Kamoxa, Kanaa, Knnp, Knra*, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emo-
xparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Kopex (Cenepnax), Kopex (Rxnax), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-
'Hnyap, Kya, Kyner, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnan, Hnnnx,
Hnrna, Hnxrenmren, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Manasnx*, Mann, Mantnnt,
Mapoxxo*, Mexcnxa, Mosamnx, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx*, Mtxnma*, Hamn-
nx, Henan, Hnrepnx, Hnepnant, Hnxaparya, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Oe-
nnennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Haxncran, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna,
Hepy, Hontma*, Hopryrannx*, Poccnx*, Pyana*, Pymtnnx*, Cantnaop, Cayoncxax
Apannx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Ceneran, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cepnx*,
Cnnranyp*, Cnpnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Cyan, CBA*, Tansannx, Toro, Tonra,
Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Yrana, Ysexncran, Yxpanna*, Ypyrna, un-
xn, unnnnnnnt*, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx*, uemcxax Pecny-
nnxa, unnn, Bnenapnx, Bnennx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax
A]pnxa, maxa.
* C oronopxamn n (nnn) saxnnennxmn.
Hoonuca.a, uo ue pamuquupoea.a (1): omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa.
Texcr Konnennnn: Coopuur ooeoeopoe, noonucauuix e OOH <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTC
Treaties.aspx? id=4>.
enencxan xonnennnn (IV) o samn1e rpaaancxoro nacenennn no npeun nonnm
Hoonucaua e eueee 12 aeeycma 1949 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 21 ormop 1950 e.;
oenosumapu 4eoepa.iui coeem Leeapuu.
enencxax xonnennnx (IV) ycranannnnaer npannna no samnre rpaxancxnx nnn n
sonax, oxnauenntx noenntmn ecrnnxmn n na oxxynnponanntx reppnropnxx. 3ra
Konnennnx tna ntpaorana n xoe nnnomarnuecxo xon]epennnn, npoxonnme
c 21 anpenx no 12 anrycra 1949 r. pyrnmn xonnennnxmn, npnnxrtmn n ro xe npemx,
tnn: Konnennnx (I) o ynyumennn yuacrn panentx n ontntx n ecrnymmnx
apmnxx; Konnennnx (II) o ynyumennn yuacrn panentx, ontntx n nnn, norepnen-
mnx xopanexpymenne n noopyxenntx cnnax na mope; n Konnennnx (III) o
ynyumennn ornomennx x noennonnenntm.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 502
V:acmuuru (194): Ancrpannx*, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Anannx*, Anxnp, Anrona*,
Anoppa, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Apmennx, A]ranncran, Faramt, Fanrna-
em*, Fapaoc*, Faxpen, Fenapyct, Fenns, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fonrapnx, Fonnnnx,
Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fypxnna-uaco, Fy-
pynn, Fyran, Banyary, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx*, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Bternam*,
Iaon, Ianrn, Iaana, Iamnx, Iana, Inaremana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay*, Iepmannx*,
Ionypac, Ipenaa, Ipennx, Ipysnx, annx, xnyrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax
Pecnynnxa, Ernner, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hspannt*, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hopannx,
Hpax, Hpan*, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen*, Kao-Bepe, Kasax-
cran, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Karap, Kennx, Knnp, Knpnarn, Knra*, Konym-
nx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecny-
nnxa), Kopex (Cenepnax)*, Kopex (Rxnax)*, Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-'Hnyap, Kya, Ky-
ner*, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnan, Hnnnx, Hnrna, Hnxren-
mren, Hmxcemypr, Manpnxn, Manpnrannx, Maaracxap, FRP Maxeonnx*, Ma-
nann, Manasnx, Mann, Mantnnt, Mantra, Mapoxxo, Mapmannont Ocrpona,
Mexcnxa, Mnxponesnx, Mosamnx, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx, Mtxnma, Hamnnx,
Haypy, Henan, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hnepnant, Hnxaparya, Honax 3enannx*, Hopne-
rnx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Ocrpona Kyxa, Haxncran*, Hanay,
Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx*, Poccnx*, Py-
ana, Pymtnnx, Cantnaop, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cayoncxax
Apannx, Cnasnnen, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Ceneran, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt,
Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cepnx, Cnnranyp, Cnpnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx,
Conomonont Ocrpona, Comann, Cyan, Cypnnam*, CBA*, Cteppa-Heone, Taxnxn-
cran, Tannan, Tansannx, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro, Tonra, Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynany,
Tynnc, Typxmenncran, Typnnx, Yrana, Ysexncran, Yxpanna*, Ypyrna*, unxn,
unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pec-
nynnxa*, unnn, Bnenapnx, Bnennx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Inn-
nex, 3pnrpex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Hpu+e:auue. B 1989 r. Oprannsannx ocnooxennx Hanecrnnt (OOH) coomnna eno-
snrapnm, uro ona npnnxna pemenne npncoennnrtcx x uertpem enencxnm xonnennnxm n
nporoxonam or 1977 r.
Texcr Konnennnn: Leeapcru qeoepa.iui oenapma+eum no eueuue no.umure,
<http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/fr/home/topics/intla/intrea/chdep/warvic/gvaciv.html>.
ononnn1entnmn npo1oxon I x enencxnu xonnennnnu o1 1949 r., xacammnn-
cn samn1m aep1n ueaynaponmx noopyaennmx xonqnnx1on
ononnn1entnmn npo1oxon II x enencxnu xonnennnnu o1 1949 r., xacammnn-
cn samn1m aep1n noopyaennmx xonqnnx1on neueaynaponoro xapax1epa
Omrpimi o. noonucauu e Bepue 12 oeraop 1977 e.; ecmynu.u e cu.y 7 oeraop
1978 e.; oenosumapu Coeem 4eoepauu Leeapuu.
B nporoxonax nornepxaercx, uro npano cropon, naxoxmnxcx n mexynapontx
noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax n noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax nemexynaponoro xapaxre-
pa, ntnpart merot n cpecrna neennx nont ne xnnxercx neorpannuenntm, n uro
sanpemaercx npnmenxrt opyxne n merot neennx noenntx ecrnn, cnoconte
npnunnnrt nsnnmnne nonpexennx nnn nsnnmnne crpaannx.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

503
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a I (171) u Hpomoro.a II (166): A]ranncran, Anannx,
Anxnp*, Anrona
1
*, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna*, Apmennx, Ancrpannx*, Ancr-
pnx*, Faramt, Faxpen, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fenapyct*, Fentrnx*, Fenns, Fennn,
Fonnnnx*, Focnnx n Iepneronnna*, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx*, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fon-
rapnx*, Fypxnna-uaco*, Fypynn, Barnxan, Banyary, Benrpnx*, Benecy+na, Bter-
nam
1
, Bennxopnrannx*, Iaon, Iamnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx*, Iana, Ipennx*, Ipena-
a, Inaremana, Innnex*, Innnex-Fncay, Iaana, Ianrn, Ionypac, annx*, xnyrn,
omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner*, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hcnannx*,
Hopannx, Hpax
1
, Hpnannx*, Hcnannx*, Hrannx*, Hemen, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Ka-
naa*, Kao-Bepe*, Karap*, Knra*, Konymnx*, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (e-
moxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa)*, Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa*, Kor-'Hnyap, Kya,
Knnp*, Kasaxcran, Kennx, Kopex (Cenepnax)
1
, Kopex (Rxnax)*, Kyner, Ktprts-
cran, Haoc*, Harnnx, Hnnan, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren*, Hnrna*, Hmx-
cemypr*, FRP Maxeonnx*, Maaracxap*, Manann, Mantnnt, Mann*, Mantra*,
Mapoxxo, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn*, Mexcnxa
1
, Mnxponesnx, Monona, Monaxo,
Monronnx*, Maporro, Mosamnx, Hamnnx*, Haypy, Hnepnant*, Honax 3enan-
nx*, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx*, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart*,
Oman, Ocrpona Kyxa*, Hanay, Hanama*, Haparna*, Hepy, Hontma*, Hopryrannx*,
Pymtnnx*, Poccnx*, Pyana*, Cantnaop*, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-
Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cayoncxax
Apannx*, Ceneran, Cepnx*, Cementcxne Ocrpona*, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonaxnx*,
Cnonennx*, Conomonont Ocrpona, Cyan, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, Cnpnx*
1
, Taxnxn-
cran*, Tansannx, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro*, Tonra*, Tpnnna n Toaro*, Tynnc, Typx-
menncran, Yrana, Yxpanna*, Ypyrna*, Ysexncran, unxn, unnnxnnx*, unnnn-
nnnt
2
, upannnx*, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, unnn*, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa*,
Bnennx*, Bnenapnx*, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rx-
nax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx*.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
1
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxona I.
2
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxona II.
Texcr nporoxonon: 4eoepa.iui oenapma+eum Leeapuu no +e+oyuapooui+ oe.a+
<http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/fr/home/topics/intla/intrea/chdep/warvic.html>.
oronop o An1apx1nxe
Hoonucau e Bauuuemoue 1 oeraop 1959 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 23 umu 1961 e.;
oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo CLA.
B coornercrnnn c oronopom Anrapxrnxa oxnnxercx paonom, xoropt onxen
ncnontsonartcx rontxo n mnpntx nenxx. B Anrapxrnxe sanpement nmte meponpn-
xrnx noennoro xapaxrepa, raxne xax cosanne noenntx as n yxpennenn, nponee-
nne noenntx manenpon, a raxxe ncntrannx nmtx nnon opyxnx. oronop sanpe-
maer nmte xepnte nsptnt n Anrapxrnxe n saxoponenne n +rom paone pano-
axrnnntx marepnanon. Homnmo +roro n oronope npeycmorpeno npano nponeennx
nncnexnn ncex naxoxmnxcx n Anrapxrnxe crannn n coopyxenn n nenxx oec-
neuennx conmennx ero nonoxenn.
B coornercrnnn co cr. IX oronapnnammnecx cropont yyr perynxpno ncrpe-
uartcx c nentm omena nn]opmanne, nsanmntx xoncyntrann no nonpocam Anrapx-
rnxn, a raxxe ntpaorxn pexomenann cnonm npannrentcrnam, cnococrnymmnx
nponnxennm npnnnnnon n nene nacroxmero oronopa.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 504
oronop orxptr nx npncoennennx x nemy nmoro rocyapcrna, xnnxmmerocx
unenom OOH, nnn nmoro pyroro rocyapcrna, xoropoe moxer trt npnrnameno
npncoennnrtcx x oronopy c cornacnx ncex oronapnnammnxcx cropon, npecrann-
renn xoroptx nmemr npano yuacrnonart n conemannxx, npeycmorpenntx cr. IX. Io-
cyapcrna, emoncrpnpymmne cno nnrepec x Anrapxrnxe nyrem ocymecrnnennx ram
cymecrnenno nayuno-nccneonarentcxo exrentnocrn, n uacrnocrn cosannx
nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx crannn, ornpanxn nayuntx +xcnennn, nonyuamr npa-
no yuacrnonart n xoncyntrarnnntx conemannxx.
V:acmuuru (49): Aprenrnna*, Ancrpannx*, Ancrpnx, Fenapyct, Fentrnx*, Fpasnnnx*,
Fonrapnx*, Bennxopnrannx
*
, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Inaremana, Iepmannx
*
, Ipennx,
annx, Hnnx
*
, Hcnannx
*
, Hrannx
*
, Kanaa, Knra*, Konymnx, Kya, Kopex (Cenep-
nax), Kopex (Rxnax)
*
, Ma.asu, Monaxo, Hnepnant
*
, Honax 3enannx
*
, Hopne-
rnx
*
, HanyaHonax Innnex, Hepy
*
, Hontma
*
, Hopryrannx, Poccnx
*
, Pymtnnx, Cnona-
xnx, CBA
*
, Typnnx, Yxpanna
*
, Ypyrna
*
, unnnxnnx
*
, upannnx
*
, unnn*, uemcxax
Pecnynnxa, Bnennx
*
, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop*, 3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa
*
, nonnx
*
.
*
Iocyapcrno, nmemmee npano cornacno cr. IX oronopa yuacrnonart n xoncyntrarnnntx
ncrpeuax.
Texcr oronopa: Cerpemapuam oeoeopa oo Aumaprmure <http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm>
Hporoxon o samnre oxpyxamme cpet n ononnenne x oronopy o Anrapxrnxe
(Mapncxnn npo1oxon o1 1991 r.) ncrynnn n cnny 14 xnnapx 1998 r.
Texcr Hporoxona: Cerpemapuam oeoeopa oo Aumaprmure <http://www.ats.aq/e/ep.htm>.
oronop o sanpemennn ncnm1annn nepnoro opyann n a1uocqepe, xocunuecxou
npoc1panc1ne n no noon
Hoonucau mpe+ nepeoua:a.iui+u y:acmuura+u e Mocree 5 aeeycma 1963 e.;
omrpim o. noonucauu opyeu+u eocyoapcmea+u e Houooue, Mocree u Bauuuemoue
8 aeeycma 1963 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 10 ormop 1963 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea
Be.uroopumauuu, Poccuu u CLA.
oronop sanpemaer nponsnonrt nmte ncntrarentnte nsptnt xepnoro opyxnx n
nmte pyrne xepnte nsptnt: (a) n armoc]epe; sa ee npeenamn, nxnmuax xocmn-
uecxoe npocrpancrno; no noo, nxnmuax reppnropnantnte not n orxptroe mope;
n (b) n nmo pyro cpee, ecnn raxo nsptn ntstnaer ntnaenne panoaxrnnntx
ocaxon sa npeenamn reppnropnantntx rpannn rocyapcrna, no mpncnxnne nnn
xonrponem xoroporo nponsnonrcx raxo nsptn.
V:acmuuru (126): A]ranncran, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Apmennx, An-
crpannx, Ancrpnx, Faramt, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fyran, Fonnnnx,
Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benecy+na,
Benrpnx, Iaon, Iana, Iamnx, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Ion-
ypac, annx, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner, 3amnx, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hn-
onesnx, Hopannx, Hpan, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hspannt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Ka-
naa, Kao-Bepe, Kennx, Konymnx, Kopex (Rxnax), Knnp, Konro (emoxpa-
rnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-'Hnyap, Kyner, Haoc, Hnnan, Hnepnx, Hn-
nnx, Hmxcemypr, Maaracxap, Manann, Manasnx, Mantra, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn,
Mapoxxo, Mexcnxa, Monronnx, Mtxnma, Henan, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx,
Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Haxncran, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex,
Hepy, Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana, Cantnaop, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Ceneran,
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

505
Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnranyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Cy-
an, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, Cnpnx, CBA, Tanant, Tansannx, Tannan, Toro, Tonra,
Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Yrana, Yxpanna, unxn, unnnnnnnt, unn-
nxnnx, Ypyrna, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, unnn, Hepuoeopu, uemcxax Pecnynnxa,
Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, Rxnax A]pn-
xa, maxa, nonnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (11): Anxnp, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Bternam, Ianrn,
Kamepyn, Mann, Haparna, Hopryrannx, Comann, 3]nonnx.
Texcr oronopa: OOH, Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 480 (1963).
oronop o npnnnnnax en1entnoc1n rocyapc1na no nccneonannm n ncnont-
sonannm xocunuecxoro npoc1panc1na, nxnmuan Ayny n pyrne neecnme 1ena
(oronop o xocuoce)
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Houooue, Mocree u Bauuuemoue 27 ueap 1967 e.;
ecmynu. e cu.y 10 ormop 1967 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea Be.uroopumauuu,
Poccuu u CLA.
oronop sanpemaer ntnonrt na opnry noxpyr 3emnn nmte oexrt c xepntm
opyxnem n nmtmn pyrnmn nnamn opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx, ycranannn-
nart raxoe opyxne na neecntx renax n pasmemart raxoe opyxne n xocmnuecxom
npocrpancrne xaxnm-nno nntm opasom. Taxxe sanpemaercx cosanne na neecntx
renax noenntx as, coopyxenn n yxpennenn, ncntranne nmtx rnnon opyxnx n
nponeenne noenntx manenpon.
V:acmuuru (108): A]ranncran, Anxnp, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx,
Ancrpnx, Faramt, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fpasnnnx, Fpy-
ne-apyccanam, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Bennxopnrannx, Benecy+na, Bternam,
Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Ipenaa, Innnex-Fncay, annx, omnnnxa, omnnnxan-
cxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner, 3amnx, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hpax, Hpnannx,
Hspannt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kasaxcran, Kanaa, Knra, Kya, Knnp, Kennx,
Kopex (Rxnax), Kyner, Haoc, Hnnan, Hnnnx, Hmxcemypr, Maaracxap, Mann, Ma-
npnxn, Mapoxxo, Mexcnxa, Monronnx, Mtxnma, Henan, Hnepnant, Honax
3enannx, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Haxncran,
HanyaHonax Innnex, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cantnaop,
Can-Mapnno, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cnasnnen, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cenr-Knrc n
Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cnnranyp, Cnpnx, Cnonaxnx, Co-
nomonont Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, CBA, Tanant, Tannan, Toro, Tonra, Tynnc,
Typnnx, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, unxn, unnnxnnx, upannnx, uepnoropnx,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3xnaro-
pnantnax Innnex, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (27): Fonnnnx, Forcnana, Fypynn, FRP Maxeonnx,
Barnxan, Iana, Iaana, Ianrn, Iamnx, Ionypac, Hpan, Hopannx, Kamepyn, Konymnx,
Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Hecoro, Manasnx, Hnxaparya,
Hanama, Pyana, Cepnx, Comann, Tpnnna n Toaro, unnnnnnnt, HAP, 3]nonnx.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 610 (1967).
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 506
oronop o nepacnpoc1panennn nepnoro opyann (HRO)
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Houooue, Mocree u Bauuuemoue 1 um. 1968 e.; ecmynu.
e cu.y 5 +apma 1970 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea Be.uroopumauuu, Poccuu u
CLA.
oronop sanpemaer onaammnm xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnam (onpeenent n
oronope xax rocyapcrna, xoropte nponsnenn n nsopnann xepnoe opyxne nnn
pyroe xepnoe nsptnnoe ycrpocrno o 1 xnnapx 1967 r.) nepeanart xomy t ro nn
tno xepnoe opyxne nnn pyrne xepnte nsptnnte ycrpocrna, a raxxe xonrpont
na raxnm opyxnem nnn nsptnntmn ycrpocrnamn nn npxmo, nn xocnenno; panno
xax nnxonm opasom ne nomorart, ne noompxrt n ne noyxart xaxoe-nno ne
onaammee xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrno x nponsnocrny nnn x npnoperennm
xaxnm-nno nntm cnocoom xepnoro opyxnx nnn pyrnx xepntx nsptnntx
ycrpocrn. On raxxe sanpemaer ne onaammnm xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnam
npnnnmart nepeaun or xoro t ro nn tno, panno xax nponsnonrt nnn npnoperart
xaxnm-nno opasom xepnoe opyxne nnn pyrne nsptnnte xepnte ycrpocrna.
Yuacrnnxn oronopa oxsymrcx cnococrnonart omeny oopyonannem, mare-
pnanamn, nayuno n rexnnuecxo nn]opmanne o ncnontsonannn xepno +neprnn
n mnpntx nenxx n oecneunnart, urot norennnantnte nara or nmoro mnpnoro
npnmenennx xepntx nsptnon tnn ocrynnt ne onaammnm xepntm opyxnem
rocyapcrnam yuacrnnxam nacroxmero oronopa. Onn raxxe oxsymrcx n yxe
opo nonn necrn neperonopt o +]]exrnnntx mepax no npexpamennm ronxn
xepntx noopyxenn n nnxamem yymem n xepnomy pasopyxennm, a raxxe o
oronope o nceomem n nonnom pasopyxennn.
He onaammne xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrna oxsymrcx saxnmunrt c Mex-
ynapontm arenrcrnom no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) cornamennx o rapanrnxx
neonymennx nepexnmuennx xepno +neprnn c mnpnoro npnmenennx na xepnoe
opyxne nnn pyrne xepnte nsptnnte ycrpocrna. B ononnenne x cornamennxm n
n nopxxe ycnnennx npnnnmaemtx mep n 1977 r. tn oopen Tnnono nporoxon;
rocyapcrna nonncann c MAIAT3 ononnnrentnte nporoxont o rapanrnxx.
Kon]epennnx no paccmorpennm ecrnnx n nponennm HO, cosnannax n
1995 r., npnnxna pemenne o rom, uro oronop onxen ocrartcx n cnne eccpouno.
V:acmuuru (190): A]ranncran
*
, Anannx
*
, Anxnp
*
, Anoppa, Anrona, Anrnrya n
Fapya
*
, Aprenrnna
*
, Apmennx*, Ancrpannx
*
, Ancrpnx
*
, Asepaxan
*
, Faramt
*
,
Faxpen, Fanrnaem
*
, Fapaoc
*
, Fenapyct
*
, Fentrnx
*
, Fenns
*
, Fennn, Fyran
*
, Fonn-
nnx
*
, Focnnx n Iepneronnna
*
, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx
*
, Fpyne-apyccanam
*
, Fonrapnx
*
,
Fypxnna-uaco
*
, Fypynn, Barnxan
*
, Benrpnx
*
, Bennxopnrannx, Banyary, Benecy+-
na*, Bternam*, Iaon, Iamnx
*
, Ipysnx, Iepmannx
*
, Iana
*
, Ipennx
*
, Ipenaa
*
, Inare-
mana
*
, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Iaana
*
, Ianrn, Ionypac
*
, annx
*
, xnyrn, omn-
nnxa
*
, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa
*
, Ernner
*
, 3amnx*, 3nmane*, Hcnannx
*
, Hn-
onesnx
*
, Hopannx
*
, Hpan
*
, Hpax
*
, Hpnannx
*
, Hcnannx*, Hrannx
*
, Hemen*,
Kasaxcran
*
, Kamoxa
*
, Kamepyn
*
, Kanaa
*
, Kao-Bepe, Kennx, Knnp
*
, Knpnarn
*
,
Kopex (Rxnax)
*
, Kya
*
, Kyner*, Ktprtscran*, Knra
*
, Konymnx, Komopcxne
Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa)
*
, Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa
*
,
Kor-Hnyap
*
, Haoc*, Harnnx*, Hnnan*, Hecoro*, Hnepnx, Hnnnx*, Hnxrenmren*,
Hnrna*, Hmxcemypr*, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn*, Maaracxap*, Maxeonnx* (Ftn-
max Rrocnancxax Pecnynnxa), Manann*, Manasnx*, Mantnnt*, Mann*, Mantra*,
Mapoxxo*, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Mexcnxa*, Mnxponesnx, Mosamnx, Mtxnma*,
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

507
Monona, Monaxo*, Monronnx*, Hamnnx*, Haypy*, Henan*, Hnepnant*, Honax
3enannx*, Hnxaparya*, Hnrep, Hnrepnx*, Hopnernx*, Oennennte Apacxne
3mnpart*, Oman, Hanay, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex*, Haparna*, Hepy*, un-
nnnnnnt*, Hontma*, Hopryrannx*, Karap, Pymtnnx*, Poccnx*, Pyana, Cantnaop
*
,
Cenr-Knrc n Hennc*, Cenr-Hmcnx*, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt*, Camoa*, Can-Ma-
pnno*, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cayoncxax Apannx, Ceneran*, Cepnx*, Cement-
cxne Ocrpona*, Cteppa-Heone, Cnpnx*, Cyan*, Cypnnam*, Cnasnnen*, Cnnranyp*,
Cnonaxnx*, Cnonennx*, Conomonont Ocrpona*, Comann, CBA*, Tanant, Taxnxn-
cran*, Tansannx*, Tannan*, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro, Tonra*, Tpnnna n Toaro*, Ty-
nnc*, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Tynany, Ysexncran*, Yrana, Yxpanna*, Ypyrna*,
unxn
*
, unnnxnnx
*
, upannnx
*
, Xopnarnx
*
, HAP, ua, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pec-
nynnxa
*
, unnn
*
, Bnennx*, Bnenapnx*, Bpn-Hanxa*, 3xnaop
*
, 3xnaropnantnax
Innnex, 3pnrpex, 3cronnx
*
, 3]nonnx
*
, Rxnax A]pnxa*, maxa
*
, nonnx
*
.
*
Yuacrnnx, saxnmunnmn cornamenne c MAIAT3 o rapanrnxx n coornercrnnn c HO, nnn o-
naammee xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrno, saxnmunnmee cornamenne o rapanrnxx c MAIAT3 na
oponontntx nauanax.
Texcr oronopa: Me+oyuapoouoe aeeumcmeo no amo+uo ouepeuu, INFCIRC/140, 22 anpe.
1970 e. <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Treaties/npt.html>.
ono.uume.iuie npomoro.i o eapaumux ecmynu.u e cu.y o. 115 eocyoapcme:
A]ranncran, Anannx, Auooppa, Anrona, Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepa-
xan, Baxpeu, Fanrnaem, Fentrnx, Forcnana, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn,
Barnxan, Benrpnx, Bennxopnrannx, Iaon, Ia+ou, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipe-
nnx, Inaremana, Ianrn, annx, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, EBPATOM, Hopannx,
Hcnannx, Hnonesnx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kasaxcran, Kanaa, Knra, Ke-
nnx, Kopex (Rxnax), Kyner, Kupeuscmau, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro
(emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Kocma-Pura, Kya, Knnp, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnnnx,
Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Manann, Mann, Mantra, Mapor-
ro, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn, Mercura, Mosa+our, Monaxo,
Monronnx, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx,
Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Hanay, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hop-
ryrannx, Pecnyo.ura Koueo, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana, Cantnaop, Cnasnnen, Ce-
mentcxne Ocrpona, Cnnranyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Taxnxncran, Tansannx,
Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, unxn, unnnnnn-
nt, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, Hepuoeopu, uemcxax Pecnynnxa,
unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, maxa, 3cronnx, 3xnaop, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Hpu+e:auue: 6 ]enpanx 2007 r. Hpan nn]opmnponan MAIAT3, uro on ontme ne yer
ecrnonart n coornercrnnn c nonoxennxmn ononnnrentnoro nporoxona o rapanrnxx,
xoropt on ne parn]nnnponan. Tanant, xorx on ne nonncan cornamenne o rapanrnxx,
cornacnncx npnnxrt mept, npeycmorpennte npnnxrtm n 1997 r. Tnnontm ononnnrentntm
nporoxonom o rapanrnxx.
Texcr Tnnonoro ononnnrentnoro nporoxona o rapanrnxx: Me+oyuapoouoe aeeumcmeo no
amo+uo ouepeuu, INFCIRC/ 540 (corrected), ceumopi 1997 e.
<http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/sg_overview.html>.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 508
oronop o sanpemennn pasuemennn na ne uopen n oxeanon n n nx nepax nep-
noro opyann n pyrnx nnon opyann uacconoro ynnu1oaennn (oronop o uop-
cxou ne)
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Houooue, Mocree u Bauuuemoue 11 qeepa. 1971 e.;
ecmynu. e cu.y 18 +a 1972 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea Be.uroopumauuu,
Poccuu u CLA.
oronop sanpemaer ycranannnnart n pasmemart na ne mope n oxeanon n n nx
nepax sa nnemnnm 12-mnntntm npeenom sont mopcxoro na xaxoe-nno xepnoe
opyxne nnn pyrne nnt opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx, a raxxe coopyxennx,
nycxonte ycranonxn n nmte pyrne ycrpocrna, cnennantno npenasnauennte nx
xpanennx, ncntrannx nnn npnmenennx raxoro opyxnx.
V:acmuuru (97): A]ranncran, Anxnp, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx,
Ancrpnx, Faramt, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpa-
snnnx
1
, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Bternam
8
, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx,
Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, annx, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, 3amnx, Hcnannx,
Hopannx, Hnnx
3
, Hpan, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx
4
, Hemen, Kanaa
2
,
Kao-Bepe, Karap, Knra, Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kor-

Hnyap, Kya, Knnp, Kopex


(Rxnax), Haoc, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hmxcemypr, Manasnx,
Mantra, Manpnxn, Mexcnxa
5
, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Henan, Hnepnant, Honax 3e-
nannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Hanama, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx,
Poccnx, Pyana, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Can-Tome n Hpnn-
cnnn, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cepnx
6
, Cnasnnen, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cnnranyp,
Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, CBA, Tanant, Toro, Tynnc, Typnnx
7
,
Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, unnnnnnnt, Xopnarnx, HAP, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, uepno-
ropnx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa,
maxa, nonnx.
1
Fpasnnnx cunraer, uro cnono nanmenne, npncyrcrnymmee n n. I cr. III oronopa,
ornocnrcx rontxo x nanmennm, xoropoe cnocrnenno nopmantnomy nopxxy nannrannn n
coornercrnnn c mexynapontm npanom.
2
Kanaa saxnnna, uro n. I cr. I ne moxer paccmarpnnartcx xax yxasanne, uro nmoe rocy-
apcrno nmeer npano ycranannnnart n pasmemart nmoe opyxne, ne sanpemennoe n. I cr. I, na
ne mope n oxeanon n n nx nepax sa npeenamn nannonantno mpncnxnnn, nnn xax ycra-
nonnenne xaxoro-nno orpannuennx npnnnnna, uro +ra onacrt na mope n oxeanon n nx
nep onxna trt coxpanena nx ncxnmunrentno mnpntx nene. Cr. I, II n III ne moryr
paccmarpnnartcx xax yxasanne na ro, uro nmoe rocyapcrno, xpome npnpexnoro, nmeer
xaxoe-nno npano ycranannnnart n pasmemart nmoe opyxne, ne sanpemennoe n n. I cr. I, na
xonrnnenrantnom ment]e nnn n ero nepax, npnnanexamnx +romy npnpexnomy rocyapcr-
ny, nne nnemne rpannnt sont mopcxoro na, ynomxnyro n cr. I n onpeenenno n cr. II.
Cr. III ne moxer paccmarpnnartcx xax yxasanne na xaxne-nno orpannuennx npan npnpexno-
ro rocyapcrna, conmecrnmtx c ero ncxnmunrentntmn cynepenntmn npanamn ornocnrentno
xonrnnenrantnoro ment]a, ocymecrnnxrt nponepxn n nncnexnnn nnn nponsnonrt yanenne
nmoro opyxnx, coopyxennx, ycranonxn, ycrpocrna nnn npnopa, ycranonnenntx nnn pas-
memenntx na xonrnnenrantnom ment]e nnn n ero nepax, npnnanexamnx +romy npnpex-
nomy rocyapcrny, nne nnemne rpannnt sont mopcxoro na, ynomxnyro n cr. I n onpee-
nenno n cr. II.
3
Hpncoennenne Hnnn ocnonano na ee nosnnnn, uro ona nmeer nonnte n ncxnmunrent-
nte npana na xonrnnenrantnt ment], npnmtxammn x ee reppnropnn n nne ee reppnropn-
antntx no, n na ero nepa. Ho+romy ne moxer trt xaxoro-nno orpannuennx cynepennoro
npana Hnnn xax npnpexnoro rocyapcrna nponepxrt, nncnexrnponart, yanxrt nnn
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

509
ynnuroxart nmoe opyxne, npnop, coopyxenne, ycranonxy nnn ycrpocrno, xoropte mornn
trt ycranonnent nnn pasmement na ee xonrnnenrantnom ment]e nnn n ero nepax xaxo-
nno pyro crpano, nnn npenpnnnmart nnte marn, xoropte yyr courent neoxonmt-
mn nx oecneuennx ee esonacnocrn.
4
Hrannx saxnnna, inter alia, uro n cnyuae cornamenn no antnemnm mepam n onacrn
pasopyxennx, nanpannenntx na npeornpamenne ronxn noopyxenn na ne mope n oxeanon
n n nx nepax, nonpoc onpeenennx rpannn onacrn, n npeenax xoropo +rn mept nayr
npnmenenne, onxen paccmarpnnartcx n pemartcx orentno n xaxom cnyuae n sanncnmocrn
or xapaxrepa mep, xoropte npenonaraercx npnnxrt.
5
Mexcnxa saxnnna, uro oronop ne moxer paccmarpnnartcx xax nopasymenammn, uro
rocyapcrno nmeer npano pasmemart opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx, noopyxenne nnn
noennoe cnapxxenne nmoro rnna na xonrnnenrantnom ment]e Mexcnxn. Ona ocrannxer sa
coo npano nponepxrt, nncnexrnponart, yanxrt nnn ynnuroxart nmoe opyxne, coopyxe-
nne, ycranonxy, npnop nnn oopyonanne, pasmemennte na ee xonrnnenrantnom ment]e,
nxnmuax xepnoe opyxne nnn pyroe opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx.
6
B 1974 r. nocon Rrocnannn nepean rocyapcrnennomy cexperapm CBA nory, n xoro-
po ronopnrcx, uro, no mnennm npannrentcrna Rrocnannn, n. I cr. III oronopa onxen
ronxonartcx raxnm opasom, uro rocyapcrno, ocymecrnnxmmee cnoe npano n coornercrnnn c
+ro crarte, oxsano yneomnxrt sapanee npnpexnoe rocyapcrno n rom cnyuae, ecnn ero
nanmennx onxnt npononrtcx n npeenax yuacrxa mopx, npocrnpammerocx na
xonrnnenrantntm ment]om ynomxnyroro rocyapcrna. CBA nospasnnn npornn nonpanxn
Rrocnannn, xoropym onn paccmarpnnamr xax neconmecrnmym c npemerom n nenxmn
oronopa.
7
Typnnx saxnnna, uro nonoxennx cr. II ne moryr ncnontsonartcx rocyapcrnom-
yuacrnnxom n noepxxy rpeonann, ne ornocxmnxcx x pasopyxennm. Bcnecrnne +roro
cr. II ne moxer paccmarpnnartcx xax ycranonnenne cnxsn c Konnennne OOH no mopcxomy
npany. Kpome roro, nnxaxoe nonoxenne oronopa o mopcxom ne ne aer rocyapcrny-
yuacrnnxy npano mnnnrapnsonart sont, xoropte tnn emnnnrapnsonant n coornercrnnn c
pyrnmn mexynapontmn oxymenramn. oronop raxxe ne moxer paccmarpnnartcx xax
ammn npnpexntm nnn pyrnm rocyapcrnam npano pasmemart xepnoe opyxne nnn
pyroe opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx na xonrnnenrantnom ment]e emnnnrapnsonanno
reppnropnn.
8
Bternam saxnnn, uro nnxaxoe nonoxenne oronopa ne onxno ronxonartcx raxnm opa-
som, urot +ro npornnopeunno npanam npnpexntx rocyapcrn n ornomennn nx xonrnnen-
rantnoro ment]a, nxnmuax npano npnnnmart mept nx oecneuennx nx esonacnocrn.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (20): Fonnnnx, Fypynn, Iamnx, Innnex, Ionypac,
Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Hnnan, Hnepnx, Maaracxap, Mann, Mtxnma,
Haparna, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, Cyan, Tansannx, Ypyrna.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 955 (1974).
Konnennnn o sanpemennn paspao1xn, nponsnoc1na n naxonnennn sanacon
ax1epnonornuecxoro (nonornuecxoro) n 1oxcnnnoro opyann n o nx ynnu1o-
aennn (KBTO)
Omrpima o. noonucauu e Houooue, Mocree u Bauuuemoue 10 anpe. 1972 e.;
ecmynu.a e cu.y 26 +apma 1975 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea Be.uroopumauuu,
Poccuu u CLA.
Konnennnx sanpemaer paspaartnart, nponsnonrt, naxannnnart nnn npnoperart
xaxnm-nno nntm opasom n coxpanxrt mnxpononornuecxne nnn pyrne nonorn-
uecxne arenrt nnn roxcnnt, xaxont t nn tnn nx nponcxoxenne nnn mero
nponsnocrna, raxnx nnon n n raxnx xonnuecrnax, xoropte ne npenonaramr nx
ncnontsonannx n npo]nnaxrnuecxnx, samnrntx nnn pyrnx mnpntx nenxx, a raxxe
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 510
opyxne, oopyonanne nnn cpecrna ocranxn, npenasnauennte nx ncnontsonannx
raxnx arenron nnn roxcnnon no npaxentx nenxx, nno n noopyxenntx xon]nnx-
rax. Ynnuroxenne nnn nepexnmuenne na mnpnte nenn arenron, roxcnnon, opyxnx,
oopyonannx n cpecrn ocranxn, xoroptmn onaamr rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn,
onxnt trt ocymecrnnent ne nosnee enxrn mecxnen nocne ncrynnennx Konnen-
nnn n cnny. Yuacrnnxn Konnennnn exerono nponoxr nonnrnuecxne n rexnnuecxne
conemannx nx coecrnnx ee ntnonnennm. Ipynna nmnnemenrannonno noepxxn
(IHH), xoropax naxonrcx n enene, noepxnnaer cropont n peannsannn Konnennnn,
nxnmuax cop n pacnpeenenne exerontx nannonantntx oxnnenn o oexrax n
nonornuecxo exrentnocrn, a raxxe coecrnyer ycnnnxm rocyapcrn no ynnnep-
cannsannn Konnennnn.
V:acmuuru (166): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna,
Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx*, Asepaxan, Faramt, Faxpen*, Fanrnaem, Fap-
aoc, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fenns, Fennn, Bypyuou, Fyran, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepne-
ronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Banya-
ry, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx*, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Bternam, Iaon, Iamnx, Ipy-
snx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Ipenaa, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Ionypac, annx,
omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hcnannx, Hnnx*,
Hnonesnx, Hopannx, Hpan, Hpax, Hpnannx*, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kamo-
xa, Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Karap, Knra*, Konymnx, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pec-
nynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kya, Knnp, Kasaxcran, Kennx, Kopex
(Cenepnax), Kopex (Rxnax)*, Kyner*, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx, Hnnan, Hecoro,
Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Mana-
snx*, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra, Manpnxn, Mexcnxa*, Monona, Monaxo, Mon-
ronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosa+our, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hn-
repnx, Hopnernx, Oman, Ocrpona Kyxa, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Haxn-
cran, Hanay, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cantnaop, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnn-
cenr n Ipenannt, Can-Mapnno, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cene-
ran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnranyp, Cnonaxnx*, Cnone-
nnx, Conomonont Ocrpona, Cyan, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, CBA, Tanant, Taxnxn-
cran, Tannan, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro, Tonra, Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Typ-
xmenncran, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, unxn, unnnnnnnt, unnnxn-
nx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, unnn, uemcxax Pecnynnxa*, Bnennx, Bne-
napnx*, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax
A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (12): Iaana, Ianrn, Ernner, Kor-

Hnyap, Hnepnx,
Manann, Mtxnma, Henan, Comann, Cnpnx, Tansannx, HAP.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur mercmoe ooeoeopoe, m. 1015 (1976).
Konnennnn o sanpemennn noennoro nnn nmoro nnoro npaaenoro ncnontso-
nannn cpec1n nosenc1nnn na npnponym cpey (Konnennnn 3HMO)
Omrpima o. noonucauu e eueee 18 +a 1977 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 5 ormop 1978 e.;
oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi OOH.
Konnennnx sanpemaer noennoe nnn nmoe nnoe npaxenoe ncnontsonanne cpecrn
nosecrnnx na npnponym cpey, xoropte nmemr mnpoxne onrocpounte nnn
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

511
ceptesnte nocnecrnnx n xauecrne cnocoon paspymennx, nanecennx ymepa nnn
npnunnennx npea nmomy pyromy rocyapcrny-yuacrnnxy. Tepmnn cpecrna
nosecrnnx na npnponym cpey ornocnrcx x nmtm cpecrnam nsmenennx
nyrem npenamepennoro ynpannennx npnpontmn nponeccamn nnamnxn, cocrana
n crpyxrypt 3emnn, nxnmuax ee nory, nnroc]epy, rnpoc]epy n armoc]epy nnn
xocmnuecxoe npocrpancrno. Tepmnnt mnpoxne, onrocpounte n ceptesnte
nocnecrnnx onpeenxmrcx oronopennocrxmn, ocrnrnyrtmn no npemx neperono-
pon, no ne nxnmuenntmn n rexcr Konnennnn.
V:acmuuru (76): A]ranncran, Anxnp, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Apmennx,
Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx,
Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Bternam, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Inaremana, Ionypac,
annx, omnnnxa, Ernner, Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Ka+epyu,
Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Knra*, Kocra-Pnxa, Kya, Knnp, Kasaxcran, Kopex (Cenepnax),
Kopex (Rxnax)*, Kyner, Hnrna, Haoc, Manann, Manpnxn, Monronnx, Hnep-
nant*, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Haxncran, Hanama, Hanya
Honax Innnex, Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenan-
nt, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, CBA, Ta-
xnxncran, Tynnc, Ysexncran, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, unnnxnnx, unnn, uemcxax Pec-
nynnxa, Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Jcmouu, nonnx.
* C exnapanne.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (16): Fonnnnx, Barnxan, Hcnannx, Hpan, Hpax, Konro
(emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Hnnan, Hnepnx, Hmxcemypr, Mapoxxo, Hopryrannx,
Cteppa-Heone, Cnpnx, Typnnx, Yrana, 3]nonnx.
Texcr Konnennnn: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe
< http://www.treaties.un.org/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx? id=26 >.
Konnennnn o qnsnuecxon samn1e nepnmx ua1epnanon n nepnoro oopyonannn
Hepeoua:a.iua Koueeuu omrpima o. noonucauu e Beue u Him-Hopre 3 +apma
1980 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 8 qeepa. 1987 e.; nonpaeru er.m:eui e 2005 e.;
oenosumapu eeuepa.iui oupermop MAIATJ.
Honpanxn x Konnennnn oxstnamr rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon samnmart xepnt
marepnan n oopyonanne, ncnontsyemte n mnpntx nenxx, xax n mecrax xpanennx,
rax n naxoxmnecx n nponecce rpancnoprnponxn. Honpanxn ncrynxr n ecrnne
uepes 30 ne nocne roro, xax onn yyr parn]nnnponant, npnnxrt nnn oopent
nymx rperxmn crpan yuacrnnxon Konnennnn.
V:acmuuru nepeoua:a.iuo Koueeuuu (145): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp*,
Anoppa*, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna*, Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx*, Asep-
axan*, Faramt, Fanrnaem, Faxpen*, Fenapyct, Fentrnx*, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n
Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Bennxopnrannx*, Ben-
rpnx, Iaon, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx*, Ipenaa, Inaremana*, Innnex, Inn-
nex-Fncay, Iaana, Ionypac, annx, xnyrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecny-
nnxa, EBPATOM*, Hcnannx, Hnnx*, Hnonesnx*, Hpnannx*, Hspannt*, Hcna-
nnx*, Hrannx*, Hopannx*, Hemen, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Karap*, Kao-
Bepe, Knra*, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecny-
nnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kya*, Knnp*, Kasaxcran, Kennx, Kopex (Rxnax)*, Kyner*,
Haoc*, Harnnx, Hnnan, Hecoro, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr*, Maa-
racxap, FRP Maxeonnx, Mann, Mantra, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Mex-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 512
cnxa, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx*, Hamnnx, Haypy, Hnep-
nant*, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hny+, Hopnernx*, Oen-
nennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman*, Haxncran*, Hanay, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy*,
Hontma, Hopryrannx*, Pymtnnx*, Poccnx*, Pyana, Cantnaop*, Cenr-Knrc n He-
nnc, Cayoncxax Apannx*, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cnonaxnx, Cno-
nennx, Cyan, Cnasnnen, CBA, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Toro, Tonra, Tpnnna n
Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx*, Typxmenncran, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran,
unxn, unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx*, upannnx*, Xopnarnx, HAP, unnn, uepnoropnx,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx*, Bnenapnx*, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex,
3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa*, maxa, nonnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): Ianrn.
Texcr Konnennnn: Me+oyuapoouoe aeeumcmeo no amo+uo ouepeuu, INFCIRC/274/Rev. 1,
+a 1980 e. <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Conventions/cppnm.html>.
Hepeoa.u oenosumapum us+eueuuym Koueeuum c pamuquraue, npuumue+,
oooopeuue+ (52): Anxnp, Anrnrya n Fapya, Apeeumuua, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fax-
pen, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iaon, Iepma-
nnx, Ipeu, annx

, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hopannx, Hcnannx, Kasaxcmau, Kennx,


Knra, Harnnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, BPP Mareoouu, Mann, Manpnrannx,
Monona, Huoep.auoi, Haypy, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne
3mnpart, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cayooecra Apaeu, Cement-
cxne Ocrpona, Cnonennx, Tynnc, Typxmenncran, Yxpanna, unxn, 4uu.uou,
Bnenapnx, Xopnarnx, unnn, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 3cronnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Texcr c nonpanxamn: MAIATJ, Coeem ynpae.muux, GQV/INF/2005/10-GC (49)/INF/6, 6
ceumop 2005 e. <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Conventi ons/cppnm.html>.
Konnennnn o sanpemennn nnn orpannuennn noennoro npnuenennn xonxpe1nmx
nnon omunoro opyann, xo1opme uory1 cun1a1tcn nanocnmnun upesuepnme
nonpeaennn nnn nuemmnun nensnpa1entnoe enc1nne (Konnennnn o nery-
uannmx nnax opyann)
Koueeuu c Hpomoro.a+u I, II u III oi.a omrpima o. noonucauu e Him-Hopre 10
anpe. 1981 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 2 oeraop 1983 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cer-
pemapi OOH.
Konnennnx npecrannxer coo sonrnunt oronop, npeycmarpnnammn saxnm-
uenne xonxperntx cornamenn n ]opme nporoxonon. urot crart yuacrnnxom Kon-
nennnn, rocyapcrno onxno parn]nnnponart mnnnmym na nepnonauantntx npo-
roxona.
Honpaera r cm. I nepeoua:a.iuo Koueeuuu orxptra nx nonncannx n enene
21 noxpx 2001 r. Ona pacmnpxer c]epy npnmenennx no nnyrpennnx noopyxenntx
xon]nnxrax. Hsmenennax Konnennnx ncrynnna n cnny 18 max 2004 r.
Hpomoro. I sanpemaer npnmenxrt nmoe opyxne, ocnonnoe ecrnne xoroporo
saxnmuaercx n nanecennn nonpexenn ocxonxamn, xoropte ne onapyxnnamrcx n
uenoneuecxom rene c nomomtm penrrenoncxnx nyue.
Hpomoro. II sanpemaer nnn orpannunnaer npnmenenne mnn, mnn-nonymex n
pyrnx ycrpocrn.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

513
Hs+eueuui npomoro. II, ncrynnnmn n cnny 3 exapx 1998 r., ycnnnnaer orpa-
nnuennx n ornomennn npornnonexorntx mnn.
Hpomoro. III orpannunnaer npnmenenne saxnrarentnoro opyxnx.
Hpomoro. IV, ncrynnnmn n cnny 30 nmnx 1998 r., sanpemaer npnmenenne na-
sepnoro opyxnx, npenasnauennoro nx roro, urot ntsnart nocroxnnym cnenory
uenonexa, ne ncnontsymmero onrnuecxne npnopt.
Hpomoro. V, ncrynnnmn n cnny 12 noxpx 2006 r., npnsnaer neoxonmocrt
onpeenenntx mep, urot mnnnmnsnponart pncx n nocnecrnnx, cnxsannte c
nsptnoonacntmn nepexnrxamn nont.
V:acmuuru Koueeuuu u npomoro.oe (114): Anannx, Anrnrya n Fapya
2
, Apren-
rnna*, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn
1
, Fonnnnx, Foc-
nnx n Iepneronnna, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Barnxan*, Bennxopnra-
nnx*, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Iaon
1
, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Inaremana, Innnex-
Fncay, Ionypac, annx, xnyrn, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Hcnannx, Hnnx,
Hopannx
1
, Hpnannx, Hspannt*
2
, Hcnannx, Hrannx*, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa*,
Kao-Bepe, Karap
1
, Knra*, Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Kya, Knnp*, Kasaxcran
1
, Ko-
pex (Rxnax)
3
, Haoc, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna
1
, Hmxcemypr,
FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Mantnnt
1
, Mann, Mantra, Manpnxn, Mexcnxa,
Monona, Monaxo
3
, Monronnx, Mapoxxo
4
, Haypy, Hnepnant*, Honax 3enannx,
Hnxaparya
1
, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart
1
, Haxncran,
Hanama, Haparna, Hepy
1
, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx*, Poccnx, Cantnaop,
Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt
2
, Cayoncxax Apannx
1
, Ceneran
5
, Cepnx, Cementcxne
Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone
1
, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA*, Taxnxncran, Toro, Tynnc,
Typnnx*
3
, Typxmenncran
2
, Ysexncran, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, unnnnnnnt,
unnnxnnx, upannnx*, Xopnarnx, unnn
1
, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bne-
nnx, Bnenapnx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3cronnx
1
, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa
1
, nonnx.
*
C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
1
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxonon I n III.
2
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxonon I n II.
3
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxona I.
4
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxona II.
5
Yuacrnnx rontxo Hporoxona III.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u nepeoua:a.iuym Koueeuum u nepeoua:a.iuie npomoro.i
(5): A]ranncran, Bternam, Ernner, Hnrepnx, Cyan.
V:acmuuru Koueeuuu c nonpaera+u u nepeoua:a.iuix npomoro.oe (75): Anannx,
Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
Bpasu.u, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Bennxopnrannx, Barnxan*, Benrpnx, Ipysnx,
Iepmannx, Ipennx, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, annx, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa,
Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hrannx, Hcnannx, Kanaa, Knra, Konymnx, Kocra-
Pnxa, Kya, Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr,
FRP Maxeonnx, Mantra, Mexcnxa*, Monona, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx,
Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymt-
nnx, Poccnx, Cantnaop, Cepnx, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Tynnc,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, unnn,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3cronnx, maxa,
nonnx.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 514
Hpu+e:auue: n ononnenne x 75 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r. Rxnax A]pnxa 24
xnnapx 2012 r. cana na xpanenne cnom parn]nxannonnym rpamory.
V:acmuuru us+eueuuoeo Hpomoro.a II (98): Anannx, Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx,
Ancrpnx*, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct*, Fentrnx*, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx*, Benecy+na,
Benrpnx*, Iaon, Ipysnx, Iepmannx*, Ipennx*, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Ionypac,
annx*, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hopannx, Hpnannx*,
Hspannt*, Hcnannx, Hrannx*, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Knra*,
Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Knnp, Kopex (Rxnax)*, Harnnx, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren*,
Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra,
Mapoxxo, Monona, Monaxo, Haypy, Hnepnant*, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya,
Hnrep, Hopnernx, Haxncran*, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Poccnx*, Cantnaop, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Ceneran, Cepou, Ce-
mentcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA*, Taxnxncran, Ty-
nnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Yxpanna*, Ypyrna, unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx*, upan-
nnx*, Xopnarnx, Hepuoeopu, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx,
Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa*, maxa, nonnx.
*
C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a IV (100): Anannx, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna,
Ancrpannx*, Ancrpnx*, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct, Fentrnx*, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepne-
ronnna, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx*, Benrpnx,
Iaon, Ipysnx, Iepmannx*, Ipennx*, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Ionypac, annx,
omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hpnannx*, Hspannt*, Hcnannx,
Hrannx*, Kasaxcran, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa*, Kao-Bepe, Karap, Knra,
Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Knnp, Harnnx, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren*, Hnrna, Hmxcem-
ypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra, Manpnxn, Mex-
cnxa, Monona, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Haypy, Hnepnant*, Honax 3enannx, Hnxa-
parya, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Haxncran, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, unnnnnnnt, Hontma*,
Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cantnaop, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cayoncxax
Apannx, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA*,
Taxnxncran, Tynnc, Typnnx, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, unnnxnnx, upan-
nnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnn, Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx*,
Bnenapnx*, 3xnaop, 3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa*, maxa, nonnx.
*
C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a V (76): Anannx, Apeeumuua*, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx,
Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Barnxan*, Benrpnx,
Iaon, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, Ionypac, annx, o+uuurau-
cra Pecnyo.ura, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Ka+epyu, Kanaa,
Karap, Knra*, Kocra-Pnxa, Knnp, Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren,
Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Mann, Mantra, Monona,
Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne
3mnpart, Hanama, Haxncran, Haparna, Ho.iua, Hepy, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx,
Poccnx, Cantnaop, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cayoncxax Apannx, Ceneran, Ctep-
pa-Heone, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA*, Taxnxncran, Tynnc, Yxpanna, Ypyrna,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx,
3xnaop, 3cronnx, maxa.
*
C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

515
Hpu+e:auue: n ononnenne x 76 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r. Rxnax A]pnxa
24 xnnapx 2012 r. n Haoc 2 ]enpanx 2012 r. cann na xpanenne cnon parn]nxannon-
nte rpamort.
Texcrt Konnennnn n nporoxonon (nepnonauantntx n c nonpanxamn): OOH. Coopuur mercmoe
ooeoeopoe <http://treaties.un.org./Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx? id=26>.
Konnennnn o sanpemennn paspao1xn, nponsnoc1na, naxonnennn n
npnuenennn xnunuecxoro opyann n o ero ynnu1oaennn (KXO)
Omrpima o. noonucauu e Hapu+e 13 ueap 1993 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 29 anpe.
1997 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi OOH.
Konnennnx sanpemaer npnmenenne, paspaorxy, nponsnocrno, npnoperenne,
nepeauy n naxonnenne xnmnuecxoro opyxnx. Pexnm Konnennnn nxnmuaer uertpe
ocnont: pasopyxenne, nepacnpocrpanenne, oxasanne nomomn n samnra or xnmnue-
cxoro opyxnx, mexynaponoe corpynnuecrno n mnpnom ncnontsonannn xnmnn.
Kaxt yuacrnnx Konnennnn oxsyercx nnxnnnponart nce cnon sanact xnmn-
uecxoro opyxnx n oexrt no ero nponsnocrny x 29 anpenx 2012 r. Crapoe n
ocrannennoe xnmnuecxoe opyxne yer ynnuroxartcx no mepe ero naxoxennx,
nanpnmep, na npexnnx nonxx cpaxenn.
V:acmuuru (188): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp, Anoppa, Anrnrya n Fapya,
Aprenrnna, Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Faramt, Faxpen, Fanrna-
em, Fapaoc, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fenns, Fennn, Fyran, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepnero-
nnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn,
Banyary, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx, Benecy+na, Benrpnx, Bternam, Iaon, Iamnx,
Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Ipenaa, Inaremana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Ia-
ana, Ianrn, Innnex, Ionypac, annx, xnyrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecny-
nnxa, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hcnannx, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hopannx, Hpan, Hpax,
Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Ka-
rap, Knra, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa),
Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-

Hnyap, Kya, Knnp, Kasaxcran, Kennx,


Knpnarn, Kopex (Rxnax), Kyner, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx, Hnnan, Hecoro,
Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap,
Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx,
Manpnxn, Mexcnxa, Mnxponesnx, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosam-
nx, Hamnnx, Haypy, Henan, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep,
Hnrepnx, Hny+, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Ocrpona Kyxa,
Haxncran, Hanay, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopry-
rannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana, Cantnaop, CBA, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-
Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn,
Cayoncxax Apannx, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnra-
nyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, Cyan, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, Ta-
xnxncran, Tansannx, Tannan, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro, Tonra, Tpnnna n Toaro, Ty-
nnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Tynany, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, un-
xn, unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, uemcxax Pecnynnxa,
uepnoropnx, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaropnantnax 3pnrpex,
3cronnx, 3]nonnx, 3xnaop, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (2): Hspannt, Mtxnma.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 516
Texcr Konnennnn: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?
id=26>.
oronop o nceoseunmmeu sanpemennn nepnmx ncnm1annn (B3RH)
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Him-Hopre 24 ceumop 1996 e.; ue ecmynu. e cu.y;
oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi OOH.
oronop sanpemaer nponsnonrt nmte ncntrarentnte nsptnt xepnoro opyxnx
nnn nmte pyrne xepnte nsptnt n rpeyer or xaxoro rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxa
npeornpamart nmte raxne xepnte nsptnt n nmom mecre, naxoxmemcx no ero
mpncnxnne nnn xonrponem, n nosepxnnartcx or noyxennx, noompennx nnn
xaxoro-nno yuacrnx n nponeennn nmtx ncntrarentntx nsptnon xepnoro
opyxnx nnn nmtx pyrnx xepntx nsptnon.
oronop ncrynnr n cnny uepes 180 ne nocne art caun na xpanenne parn]n-
xannonntx rpamor 44 rocyapcrnamn, nepeuncnenntmn n npnnoxennn x oronopy.
Bce 44 rocyapcrna onaamr +neprernuecxnmn n/nnn nccneonarentcxnmn
xepntmn peaxropamn.
Iocyoapcmea, :i pamuqurau ueooxoou+a o. ecmyn.euu oeoeopa e cu.y (44):
Anxnp, Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx,
Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Bternam, Iepmannx, Ernner*, Hnnx*, Hnonesnx, Hpan*,
Hspannt*, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Knra*, Konymnx, Konro (emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa), Kopex (Cenepnax)*, Kopex (Rxnax), Mexcnxa, Hnepnant, Hopnernx,
Haxncran*, Hepy, Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, CBA*, Typnnx, Yxpanna,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
* He pamuquupoea.u oeoeop.
Coa.u ua xpaueuue pamuqurauouuie epa+omi (155): A]ranncran, Anannx,
Anxnp, Anoppa, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx,
Asepaxan, Faramt, Faxpen, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fenns,
Fennn, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-
uaco, Fypynn, Barnxan, Banyary, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Bternam,
Iaon, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iaua, Ipennx, Ipenaa, Iaana, Ieuue, Ianrn, Ionypac,
annx, xnyrn, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, 3amnx, Hcnannx, Hopannx,
Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Karap,
Konymnx, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-

Hnyap, Knnp,
Kasaxcran, Kennx, Knpnarn, Kopex (Rxnax), Kyner, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx,
Hnnan, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeo-
nnx, Maaracxap, Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra, Mapoxxo, Mapman-
nont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Mexcnxa, Mnxponesnx, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx,
Mosamnx, Hamnnx, Haypy, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hn-
repnx, Hopnernx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Ocrpona Kyxa, Hanay,
Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana, Cant-
naop, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Camoa, Can-
Mapnno, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnranyp, Cnona-
xnx, Cnonennx, Cyan, Cypnnam, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Toro, Tpnnna n Toaro,
Tynnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, unxn, un-
nnnnnnt, unnnxnnx, upannnx, 3pnrpex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, uem-
cxax Pecnynnxa, uepnoropnx, unnn, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, Rxnax A]pn-
xa, maxa, nonnx.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

517
Hpu+e:auue: n ononnenne x 155 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r. Inaremana 12 xnnapx
2012 r. (c oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne), a Hnonesnx 6 ]enpanx 2012 r. cann na xpanenne
cnon parn]nxannonnte rpamort.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (25): Anrona, Fpyne-apyccanam, Iamnx,
Innnex-Fncay, Ernner, 3nmane, Hpan, Hpax, Hspannt, Hemen, Knra, Komopcxne
Ocrpona, Konro (Pecnynnxa), Mtxnma, Henan, HanyaHonax Innnex, Can-Tome n
Hpnncnnn, Cnasnnen, Conomonont Ocrpona, CBA, Tannan, Tnmop-Hemrn, ua,
Bpn-Hanxa, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTCTreaties. aspx?
id=26>
Konnennnn o sanpemennn npnuenennn, naxonnennn sanacon, nponsnoc1na n
nepeaun npo1nnonexo1nmx unn n o nx ynnu1oaennn (Konnennnn no HHM)
Omrpima o. noonucauu e Ommaee 34 oeraop 1997 e. u e Him-Hopre 5 oeraop
1997 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 1 +apma 1999 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi
OOH.
Konnennnx sanpemaer npornnonexornte mnnt, r. e. mnnt, npenasnauennte nx
nsptna or npncyrcrnnx, nnsocrn nnn nenocpecrnennoro nosecrnnx uenonexa n
npn +rom ntnoxmne ns crpox, xaneuamne nnn ynnammne onoro nnn necxontxnx
uenonex.
Kaxoe rocyapcrno-yuacrnnx oxsyercx ynnuroxnrt nce cnon sanact npornno-
nexorntx mnn n nosmoxnte xparuamne cpoxn, no ne nosnee, uem no ncreuennn
uertpex ner nocne ncrynnennx nacroxme Konnennnn n cnny nx +roro rocyapcrna-
yuacrnnxa. Kpome roro, xaxoe rocyapcrno-yuacrnnx oxsyercx ynnuroxnrt nce
npornnonexornte mnnt n samnnnponanntx paonax, naxoxmnxcx no ero
mpncnxnne nnn xonrponem, ne nosnee, uem no ncreuennn ecxrn ner nocne
ncrynnennx nacroxme Konnennnn n cnny nx +roro rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxa.
V:acmuuru (158): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp, Anoppa, Anrona, Anrnrya n
Fapya, Aprenrnna*, Ancrpannx*, Ancrpnx*, Faramt, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fena-
pyct, Fentrnx, Fenns, Fennn, Fyran, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpa-
snnnx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Banyary, Barnxan,
Bennxopnrannx*, Benecy+na, Benrpnx, Iaon, Iamnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx*,
Ipenaa, Inaremana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Iaana, Ianrn, Ionypac, annx, xn-
yrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hcnannx, Hno-
nesnx, Hpax, Hopannx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kamoxa, Kamepyn,
Kanaa*, Kao-Bepe, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Karap, Kor-

Hnyap, Knnp, Kennx,


Knpnarn, Kyner, Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna*, Hmxcemypr,
FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra,
Manpnrannx, Manpnxn*, Mexcnxa, Monona, Monaxo, Mosamnx, Hamnnx, Haypy,
Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hny+, Hopnernx,
Ocrpona Kyxa, Hanay, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Pyana, Cantnaop, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n
Ipenannt, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Ceneran, Cepnx*, Ce-
mentcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Conomonont Ocrpona, Cy-
an, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Tannan, Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro,
Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Tyea.y, Yrana, Yxpanna, Ypyr-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 518
na, unnnnnnnt, unxn, upannnx, Xopnarnx, HAP, ua, uemcxax Pecnynnxa*,
uepnoropnx*, unnn*, Bnennx*, Bnenapnx*, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex,
3pnrpex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa*, P+ui Cyoau, maxa, nonnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Hpu+e:auue: n ononnenne x 158 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r. unnnxnnx 9
xnnapx 2012 r. cana na xpanenne cnom parn]nxannonnym rpamory.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (2): Mapmannont Ocrpona, Hontma.
Texcr Konnennnn: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?
id=26>.
Konnennnn o sanpe1e xacce1nmx oenpnnacon
Hpuuma e yo.uue 30 +a 2008 e.; omrpima o. noonucauu e Oc.o 3 oeraop
2008 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 1 aeeycma 2010 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi
OOH.
Hentm Konnennnn xnnxercx sanpemenne ncnontsonannx, nponsnocrna, nepeaun n
naxonnennx sanacon xaccerntx oenpnnacon, xoropte nanocxr nenpnemnemt npe
rpaxancxomy nacenennm, n cosanne ocnont nx corpynnuecrna n oxasannx
nomomn, uro npeycmarpnnaer coornercrnymmee nnnmanne peannnrannn xeprn
xaccerntx oenpnnacon, oecneunnaer ouncrxy reppnropnn nocne nx npnmenennx,
npocnemenne n nenxx ymentmennx onacnocrn n ynnuroxenne sanacon +roro nna
noopyxenn. Hacroxmax Konnennnx ne npnmenxercx x mnnam.
V:acmuuru (67): Aqeauucmau, Anannx, Anrnrya n Fapya, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx*,
Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Bomceaua, Bo.eapu, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Barnxan*,
Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, Iaua, Ipeuaoa, Inaremana, Innnex-Fncay, annx, o+u-
uuraucra Pecnyo.ura, 3amnx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hma.u, Kao-Bepe, Komop-
cxne Ocrpona, Kocma-Pura, Haoc, Hnnan, Hecoro, Humea, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxe-
onnx, Manann, Mann, Mantra, Mexcnxa, Mosa+our, Monona, Monaxo, Huoep-
.auoi, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hopnernx, Ocmpoea Kyra, Hanama, Hop-
myea.u, Ca.ieaoop*, Camoa, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Can-Mapnno, Ceueea.,
Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnonennx, Ceasu.euo, Tpuuuoao u Tooaeo, Ty-
nnc, Ypyrna, unxn, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, Heucra Pecnyo.ura, unnn,
3xnaop, nonnx.
* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
Hpu+e:auue: n ononnenne x 67 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r. Manpnrannx 1
]enpanx 2012 r. cana na xpanenne cnom parn]nxannonnym rpamory.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (43): Anrona, Ancrpannx, Fennn, Fonnnnx,
Benrpnx, Iamnx, Innnex, Ianrn, Ionypac, xnyrn, Hcnannx, Hnonesnx, Hpax,
Kamepyn, Kanaa, Konymnx, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecny-
nnxa), Kor-

Hnyap, Knnp, Kennx, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren, Maaracxap, Hamnnx,


Haypy, Hnrepnx, Hanay, Haparna, Hepy, Pyana, Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Comann,
Tansannx, Toro, Yrana, unnnnnnnt, HAP, ua, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Rxnax
A]pnxa, maxa.
Texcr Konnennnn: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?
id=26>.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

519
II. PEIHOHAHIHIE OIOBOPI
oronop o sanpemennn nepnoro opyann n Aa1nncxon Auepnxe n Kapncxou
accenne (oronop Tna1enonxo)
Hepeoua:a.iuo oeoeop oi. omrpim o. noonucauu e Mexuro 14 qeepa. 1967 e.;
ecmynu. e cu.y 22 anpe. 1968 e. B oeoeop oi.u eueceui nonpaeru e 1990, 1991 u
1992 ee.; oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo Mercuru.
oronop sanpemaer ncntranne, ncnontsonanne, nsroronnenne, nponsnocrno nnn
npnoperenne nmtm nyrem nmoro xepnoro opyxnx, a raxxe ero nonyuenne,
xpanenne, ycranonxy, pasneprtnanne n onaanne nm n nmo ]opme rocyapcrnamn
Harnncxo Amepnxn n Kapncxoro accena.
Kaxax oronapnnammaxcx cropona saxnmuaer c MAIAT3 cornamenne o npn-
menennn ero rapanrn x cnoe exrentnocrn n onacrn xepno +neprnn. MAIAT3
nmeer ncxnmunrentnoe npano npononrt cnennantnte nncnexnnn.
oronop orxptr nx nonncannx ncemn nesanncnmtmn rocyapcrnamn Harnno-
amepnxancxoro pernona n sont Kapncxoro accena n coornercrnnn c onpeenenn-
em, coepxamnmcx n oronope.
Cornacno ononnnrentnomy nporoxony I, crpant, necymne mexynaponym
ornercrnennocrt sa reppnropnn, naxoxmnecx nnyrpn sont oronopa (upannnx,
Bennxopnrannx, Hnepnant n CBA), oxsymrcx npnmenxrt craryr esxepno
sont n ornomennn +rnx reppnropn.
Cornacno ononnnrentnomy nporoxony II, npnsnannte xepnte epxant: Be-
nnxopnrannx, Knra, Poccnx, CBA n upannnx yyr conmart craryr esx-
epno sont Harnncxo Amepnxn n ne coecrnonart romy, urot ocymecrnnxnnct
axrt, xnnxmmnecx napymennem oronopa, a raxxe ne ncnontsonart n ne yrpoxart
ncnontsonannem xepnoro opyxnx npornn oronapnnammnxcx cropon.
V:acmuuru nepeoua:a.iuoeo ooeoeopa (33): Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna
1
,
Faramt, Fapaoc
1
, Fenns
2
, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx
1
, Benecy+na
1
, Ipenaa
4
, Inaremana
1
,
Iaana
1
, Ianrn, Ionypac, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa
3
, Konymnx
1
,
Kocra-Pnxa
1
, Kya
1
, Mexcnxa
1
, Hnxaparya
3
, Hanama
1
, Haparna
1
, Hepy
1
, Cantnaop
1
,
Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cypnnam
1
, Tpnnna
n Toaro, Ypyrna
1
, unnn
1
, 3xnaop
1
, maxa
1
.
1
Parn]nnnponann nonpanxn 1990, 1991 n 1992 r.
2
Parn]nnnponann rontxo nonpanxn 1990 n 1992 r.
3
Parn]nnnponann rontxo nonpanxn 1992 r.
4
Parn]nnnponann rontxo nonpanxn 1990 r.
V:acmuuru ono.uume.iuoeo npomoro.a I (4): Bennxopnrannx
2
, Hnepnant, CBA
3
,
upannnx
1
.
V:acmuuru ono.uume.iuoeo npomoro.a II (5): Bennxopnrannx
2
, Knra
4
, Poccnx
6
,
CBA
7
, upannnx
5
.
1
upannnx saxnnna, uro ononnnrentnt nporoxon I ne onxen npnmenxrtcx n ornome-
nnn rpansnra uepes upannyscxne reppnropnn, pacnonoxennte n npeenax sont oronopa,
ecnn on nmeer nasnauennem pyrne upannyscxne reppnropnn. Hporoxon ne onxen
orpannunnart yuacrne nocenenn upannyscxnx reppnropn n ecrnnxx, ynomxnyrtx n cr. 1
oronopa, n n ycnnnxx, cnxsanntx c nannonantno samnro upannnn. upannnx ne paccmar-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 520
pnnaer sony, onncannym n oronope, xax ycranonnennym n coornercrnnn c mexynapontm
npanom, no+romy ona ne moxer cornacnrtcx, uro oronop onxen npnmenxrtcx x +ro sone.
2
Hpn nonncannn n parn]nxannn ononnnrentntx nporoxonon I n II Bennxopnrannx
cenana cneymmne exnapannn o ronxonannn. Honncanne n parn]nxannx nporoxonon
Bennxopnranne ne onxnt paccmarpnnartcx xax nmemmne xaxoe-nno nnnxnne na
mpnnuecxn craryc xaxo-nno reppnropnn, nexame n npeenax reorpa]nuecxo sont,
ycranonnenno oronopom, sa mexynaponte ornomennx xoropo ona necer ornercrnen-
nocrt. Ecnn xaxax-nno cropona yuacrnnna oronopa conepmnr xaxo-nno axr arpeccnn
npn noepxxe onaammero xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrna, Bennxopnrannx yer cunrart
cex cnoono nepecmorpert crenent roro, nacxontxo ona cnxsana nonoxennxmn ononnn-
rentnoro nporoxona II.
3
CBA parn]nnnponann ononnnrentnt nporoxon I npn cneymmnx ycnonnxx. Hono-
xennx oronopa ne sarparnnamr ncxnmunrentnte nonnomounx n mpnnuecxym xomnerenr-
nocrt, xoropte nmeer n coornercrnnn c mexynapontm npanom rocyapcrno, npnepxn-
nammeecx +roro Hporoxona, urot npeocrannxrt nnn ormenxrt rpansnr n rpancnoprnte
npnnnnernn nx ero cocrnenntx nnn xaxnx-nno pyrnx cyon nnn nerarentntx annaparon
nesanncnmo or xapaxrepa rpysa nnn noopyxenn. Honoxennx Hporoxona ne sarparnnamr
npana, xoropte nmeer n coornercrnnn c mexynapontm npanom rocyapcrno, npnepxn-
nammeecx +roro Hporoxona, ornocnrentno orxptroro mopx nnn ornocnrentno npoxoa no,
nno na noo n axnaropnxx, na xoroptmn rocyapcrno nmeer cynepennrer. exnapannn,
npnnoxennte CBA x nx parn]nxannn ononnnrentnoro nporoxona II, ornocxrcx raxxe n x
ononnnrentnomy nporoxony I.
4
Knra saxnnn, uro on nnxora ne yer nanpannxrt cnon cpecrna rpancnopra n ocran-
xn, necymne xepnoe opyxne, nx nepeceuennx reppnropnn, reppnropnantntx no nnn
nosymnoro npocrpancrna crpan Harnncxo Amepnxn.
5
upannnx saxnnna, uro ona paccmarpnnaer oxsarentcrno, coepxameecx n cr. 3 onon-
nnrentnoro nporoxona II, xax ne cranxmee npenxrcrnne nonnomy ocymecrnnennm npana na
camooopony, sa]nxcnponannoro n cr.51 Ycrana OOH. Ona npnnnmaer no nnnmanne
nnrepnperannm Hororonnrentno xomnccnn no opasonannm esxepno sont Harnncxo
Amepnxn, cornacno xoropo oronop ne npnmennm x rpansnry, paspemenne nnn sanper
xoroporo ornocxrcx n coornercrnnn c mexynapontm npanom x ncxnmunrentno xomneren-
nnn xaxoro rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxa. B 1974 r. upannnx cenana ononnnrentnoe saxnnenne
n rom cmtcne, uro ona rorona paccmorpert cnon oxsarentcrna no ononnnrentnomy
nporoxony II n npnmenennn ne rontxo x croponam, nonncanmnm oronop, no n x reppnropn-
xm, nx xoroptx craryr esxepno sont nmeer cnny n coornercrnnn c ononnnrentntm
nporoxonom I.
6
Honnctnax n parn]nnnpyx ononnnrentnt nporoxon II, CCCP saxnnn, uro on ncxo-
nr ns roro, uro ecrnne cr. 1 oronopa pacnpocrpanxercx na ncxxoe nsptnnoe xepnoe
ycrpocrno n uro, cneonarentno, nponeenne rem nnn nntm yuacrnnxom oronopa nsptnon
xepntx ycrpocrn n mnpntx nenxx xnnnoct t napymennem ero oxsarentcrn, npeycmor-
penntm n cr. 1, n tno t neconmecrnmo c ero esxepntm crarycom. Pemenne nonpoca o
xepntx nsptnax n mnpntx nenxx nx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon oronopa moxer trt
naeno n coornercrnnn c nonoxennxmn cr. V oronopa o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro
opyxnx n n pamxax mexynapontx nponeyp Mexynaponoro arenrcrna no aromno
+neprnn. Conercxn Coms nornepnn, uro onymenne rpansnra xepnoro opyxnx n nmo
]opme npornnopeunno t nenxm oronopa.
Hmte ecrnnx, npenpnnxrte rocyapcrnom nnn rocyapcrnamn, xnnxmmnmncx yuacr-
nnxamn oronopa, neconmecrnmte c nx esxepntm crarycom, a raxxe conepmenne onnm
nnn necxontxnmn rocyapcrnamn yuacrnnxamn oronopa axra arpeccnn npn noepxxe,
onaammero xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrna nnn conmecrno c raxnm rocyapcrnom yyr
paccmarpnnartcx Conercxnm Comsom xax neconmecrnmte c coornercrnymmnmn oxsarentcr-
namn +rnx crpan no oronopy. B noontx cnyuaxx Conercxn Coms ocrannxer sa coo
npano nepecmarpnnart cnon oxsarentcrna no ononnnrentnomy nporoxony II. Conercxn
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

521
Coms ocrannxer sa coo raxxe npano nepecmorpert cnoe ornomenne x ononnnrentnomy
nporoxony II n n cnyuae xaxnx-nno ecrnn co cropont pyrnx onaammnx xepntm
opyxnem rocyapcrn, neconmecrnmtx c nx oxsarentcrnamn no yxasannomy Hporoxony.
7
CBA nonncann n parn]nnnponann ononnnrentnt nporoxon II co cneymmnmn sa-
xnnennxmn n ycnonnxmn. Kaxoe rocyapcrno-yuacrnnx coxpanxer ncxnmunrentnte nonno-
mounx n mpnnuecxym xomnerennnm npeocrannxrt nnn sanpemart npano rpansnra n rpan-
cnoprnte npnnnnernn rocyapcrnam, ne npnnnmammnm yuacrne n oronope. uro xacaercx
oxsarentcrna ne ncnontsonart nnn ne yrpoxart ncnontsonannem xepnoro opyxnx npornn
oronapnnammnxcx cropon, CBA nonarann t, uro noopyxennoe nanaenne co cropont ro-
cyapcrna-yuacrnnxa, npn xoropom ono noepxano onaammnm xepntm opyxnem rocyap-
crnom, tno t neconmecrnmo c oronopom.
Hepnonauantnt rexcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 634 (1968).
Hcnpannennt rexcr oronopa: Aeeumcmeo no sanpeueuum oepuoeo opy+u e Hamuucro
A+epure u Kapuocro+ oacceue, <http://www.opanal.org/opanal/Tlatelolco/P-Tlatelolco-i.htm>
oronop o essnepnon sone n manon uac1n Tnxoro oxeana
(oronop Papo1onra)
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Papomouee, Ocmpoea Kyra, 6 aeeycma 1985 e.; ecmynu. e
cu.y 11 oeraop 1986 e.; oenosumapu oupermop Cerpemapuama 4opy+a ocmpoeoe
Tuxoeo oreaua.
oronop sanpemaer croponam nponsnonrt nnn npnoperart nmte xepnte nsptn-
nte ycrpocrna, a raxxe nnaert nmn nnn ocymecrnnxrt xonrpont na nnmn re-
nno n npeenax nnn sa npeenamn sont, onncanno n npnnoxennn. Cropont raxxe
oxsymrcx npeocrannxrt xepnte marepnant, nno oopyonanne rontxo no
rapanrnn MAIAT3, ne onycxart pasmemennx n ncntrann na cnoe reppnropnn
nmtx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn n ne saxopannnart n ne onycxart saxoponenne
panoaxrnnntx orxoon n pyrnx panoaxrnnntx nemecrn n mope re-nno n npe-
enax sont. Kaxax cropona ocraercx cnoono nosnonxrt nocemenne n rpansnr
nnocrpanntm cyam n nerarentntm annaparam.
oronop orxptr nx nonncannx unenam uopyma ocrponon Tnxoro oxeana.
B coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom I upannnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA oxsymrcx n
ornomennn reppnropn, pacnonoxenntx n sone, sa xoropte onn necyr mexynapo-
nym ornercrnennocrt, conmart sanpert oronopa na nponsnocrno, pasmemenne n
ncntrannx nmtx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn.
B coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom II, Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n
CBA oxsymrcx ne npnmenxrt n ne yrpoxart npnmenennem nmoro xepnoro
nsptnnoro ycrpocrna npornn nmo reppnropnn n npeenax sont, n ornomennn xo-
ropo rocyapcrno, cranmee cropono Hporoxona I, necer mexynaponym orner-
crnennocrt.
B coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom III Knra, upannnx, Bennxopnrannx, CBA n
Poccnx oxsymrcx ne npononrt ncntrannx nmtx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn,
re t ro nn tno n sone.
V:acmuuru (13): Ancrpannx, Banyary, Knpnarn, Haypy, Honax 3enannx, Hny+,
Ocrpona Kyxa, Hanya-Honax Innnex, Camoa, Conomonont Ocrpona, Tonra, Tynany,
unxn.
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a I (2): Bennxopnrannx, upannnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): CBA.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 522
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a II (4): Bennxopnrannx
2
, Knra, Poccnx, upannnx
1
.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): CBA.
V:acmuuru Hpomoro.a III (4): Bennxopnrannx, Knra, Poccnx, upannnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): CBA.
1
upannnx saxnnna, uro nerarnnnte rapanrnn esonacnocrn, ycranonnennte no Hporoxo-
ny II, re xe camte, uro ynomxnyrt n exnapannn or 6 anpenx 1995 r. Kon]epennnn no pasopy-
xennm. Ha exnapannm coepxnrcx cctnxa n Pesonmnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH 984 or
11 anpenx 1995 r.
2
Parn]nnnpyx Hporoxon II, Bennxopnrannx saxnnna, uro nnuro n oronope ne sarparn-
naer npan, ntrexammnx ns mexynaponoro npana n ornomennn rpansnra n sone nnn noce-
mennx nopron n a+popomon n npeenax sont cyamn n nerarentntmn annaparamn. Bennxo-
pnrannx ne yer cunrart cex cnxsanno oxsarentcrnamn no Hporoxony II n cnyuae
nropxennx nnn xaxoro-nno nnoro nanaennx na Bennxopnrannm, ee reppnropnn, ee noo-
pyxennte cnnt nnn ee comsnnxon, ocymecrnnennoro nnn noepxannoro cropono oronopa
conmecrno nnn n comse c onaammnm xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnom, nnn ecnn cropona
oronopa napymnr cnon oxsarentcrna o nepacnpocrpanennn, npeycmorpennte oronopom.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 1445 (1987).
oronop o omunmx noopyaennmx cnnax n Enpone (OBCE)
Hepeoua:a.iui ooeoeop noonucau e Hapu+e 19 uoop 1990 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 9
uoop 1992 e.; oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo Huoep.auooe.
oronop ycranannnnaer noronxn nx nxrn xareropn noenno rexnnxn, nonaam-
mnx no oronopnte orpannuennx: oente ranxn, oente ponnponannte mamnnt,
aprnnnepnx xannpa 100 mm n ntme, oente camonert n oente nepronert na rep-
pnropnn, npocrnpammecx or Arnanrnuecxoro oxeana o Ypantcxnx rop (sona ATTY).
oronop xnnncx pesyntrarom nponeennx neperonopon mexy rocyapcrnamn
unenamn Oprannsannn Bapmancxoro oronopa (OB) n Oprannsannn Cenepoarnan-
rnuecxoro oronopa (HATO) n pamxax Conemannx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecr-
ny n Enpone (naunnax c 1995 r. Oprannsannx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n
Enpone, OFCE).
Tamxen1cxoe cornamenne o1 1992 r., nonncannoe tnmnmn conercxnmn
pecnynnxamn (xpome anrncxnx rocyapcrn), pacnonoxenntmn na reppnropnn or
Arnanrnxn o Ypana n oxyuen1, npnnn1mn n Ocno n 1992 r. (3axnmunrentnt
oxymenr upesntuano xon]epennnn rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon OBCE), nnecnn n
oronop nsmenennx, xoropte norpeonannct n cnxsn c noxnnennem nontx rocy-
apcrn nocne pacnaa CCCP.
V:acmuuru (30): Apmennx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Fentrnx
2
, Fonrapnx
2
, Bennxo-
pnrannx
2
, Benrpnx
2
, Ipysnx, Iepmannx
2
, Ipennx, annx
2
, Hcnannx
2
, Hcnannx, Hra-
nnx
2
, Kasaxcran, Kanaa
2
, Hmxcemypr
2
, Monona
2
, Hnepnant
2
, Hopnernx, Hont-
ma, Hopryrannx
2
, Pymtnnx, Poccnx
1
, Cnonaxnx
2
, CBA
2
,Typnnx
2
, Yxpanna, upan-
nnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa
2
.
1
14 nmnx 2007 r. Poccnx saxnnna o namepennn npnocranonnrt cnoe yuacrne n OBCE, a
raxxe n ecrnymmnx oxymenrax n cornamennxx, n npnocranonnna nx ntnonnenne c 12
exapx 2007 r.
2
B noxpeexape 2011 r. +rn crpant yneomnnn enosnrapnx, uro onn npnocranonxr
ntnonnenne cnonx oxsarentcrn no oronopy n ornomennn Poccnn.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

523
Ha Hepno osopno Kon]epennnn no paccmorpennm ecrnnx OBCE (1996 r.) tn
npnnxr mnanronmn oxyuen1, xoropt peoprannsonan ]nanronte sont reppnropnantno n n
uacrn xonnuecrnenntx orpannuenn, nosnonxx Poccnn n Yxpanne pasmemart nont nx rpannn
ontmee xonnuecrno OBT.
Hepnonauantnt rexcr oronopa (1990 e.): Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey
e Eepone, <http://www.osce.org/library/14087>
Texcr oxonuarentnoro oronopa (1993): Muuucmepcmeo uuocmpauuix oe. Huoep.auooe,
<http://www.minbuza.nl/en/treaties/004285>
Texcr unanronoro oxymenra: Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone,
<http://www.osce.org/library/14099>, annex A
H1oronmn ax1 neperonopon o uncnennoc1n nnunoro coc1ana omunmx noopy-
aennmx cnn n Enpone (Cornamenne OBCE-1A)
Hoonucau y:acmuura+u OBCE e Xe.icuuru 10 um. 1992 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y
oouoepe+euuo c OBCE; oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo Huoep.auooe.
Honnrnuecxn oxsarentnoe cornamenne orpannunnaer uncnennocrt nnunoro cocrana
otuntx cyxonyrntx noopyxenntx cnn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon n sone ATTY.
Texcr Cornamennx: Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone, <http://www.
osce.org/library/14093>
Cornamenne o aan1annn OBCE
Hoonucauo e Xe.icuuru 19 uoop 1999 e.; ue ecmynu.o e cu.y; oenosumapu
npaeume.icmeo Huoep.auooe.
Cornamenne o aanrannn OBCE samenxer ycranonnennoe OBCE pannonecne
mexy noenntmn noxamn na npeentnte xonnuecrna otuntx noopyxenn nx
xaxoro rocyapcrna n npeycmarpnnaer nonym crpyxrypy orpannuenn n nonte me-
xannsmt, oecneunnammne rnxocrt n noenno c]epe, npeentnte noyponnn OBT
nx ]nanrontx son n nontmaer rpancnapenrnocrt. Cornamenne orxptnaer pexnm
oronopa nx ncex enponecxnx rocyapcrn. Bcrynnr n cnny nocne roro, xax yer
parn]nnnponano ncemn nonncanmnmn yuacrnnxamn. 3axnmunrentnt axr 1999 r.,
nxnmuax npnnoxennx, coepxnr meponpnxrnx, npeycmarpnnammne nonnrnuecxne
oxsarentcrna n ornomennn Ipysnn, Monont n Henrpantno Enpont n ntnoa
noopyxenntx cnn c nnocrpanntx reppnropn.
Coa.u pamuqurauouuie epa+omi ua xpaueuue (3): Fenapyct, Kasaxcran, Poccnx*
1

* C oronopxo n (nnn) exnapanne.
1
14 nmnx 2007 r. Poccnx oxnnna o namepennn npnocranonnrt cnoe yuacrne n OBCE n
cnxsanntx c nnm oxymenrax n cornamennxx n npnocranonnna nx ntnonnenne c 12 exapx
2007 r.
Hpu+e:auue: Yxpanna parn]nnnponana Cornamenne o aanrannn OBCE, no ne cana
oxymenr enosnrapnm.
Texcr Cornamennx: Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone, <http://www.
osce.org/library/14108>.
Texcr oronopa c nsmenennxmn n coornercrnnn c cornamennem 1999 r.: E+eeoouur CHHPH
2000, c. 627642.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 524
Texcr saxnmunrentnoro axra: Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone,
<http://www.osce.org/library/14114>.
oronop no o1xpm1ouy ney
Omrpim o. noonucauu e Xe.icuuru 24 +apma 1992 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 1 ueap
2002 e.; oenosumapuu npaeume.icmea Kauaoi u Beuepuu.
oronop oxstnaer rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon npeocrannxrt cnon reppnropnn nx
nponeennx nanmarentntx noneron nenoopyxenntx camoneron. Teppnropnx, na
xoropo ecrnyer oronop, npocrnpaercx or Banxynepa (Kanaa) na nocrox o
Bnannocroxa (Poccnx).
Heperonopt no oronopy nennct mexy rocyapcrnamn unenamn OB n HA-
TO. On tn orxptr nx nonncannx rocyapcrnamn, nxoxmnmn n cocran HATO,
tnmnmn unenamn OB n rocyapcrnamn tnmero Conercxoro Comsa, sa ncxnmue-
nnem 3cronnn, Harnnn n Hnrnt. B reuenne mecrn mecxnen nocne ncrynnennx n cnny
oronopa oparnrtcx c npocto o npncoennennn x nemy morno nmoe pyroe rocy-
apcrno, yuacrnymmee n Conemannn no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone. C 1
nmnx 2002 r. oparnrtcx c npocto o npncoennennn x oronopy moxer nmoe
rocyapcrno.
V:acmuuru (34): Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Benrpnx,
Bennxopnrannx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx,
Kanaa, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx,
Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, 3cronnx.
Hoonuca., uo ue pamuquupoea. (1): Ktprtscran.
Texcr oronopa: Kauaocru eump uuqop+auu o oeoeope, <http://www.treaty-accord.gc.ca/
text-texte.asp? id=102747>.
oronop o sone, cnoonon o1 nepnoro opyann n Kro-Boc1ounon Asnn
(Banrxoxcxnn oronop)
Hoonucau e Bauerore 15 oeraop 1995 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 27 +apma 1997 e.;
oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo Tau.auoa.
oronop sanpemaer paspaartnart, nponsnonrt, npnoperart nnn npononrt ncnt-
rannx xepnoro opyxnx n nmom mecre nnyrpn nnn sa npeenamn sont, a raxxe
pasmemart n nepenosnrt xepnoe opyxne n npeenax sont nnn uepes nee. Kaxoe
rocyapcrno-yuacrnnx moxer camocroxrentno npnnnmart pemenne ornocnrentno
roro, paspemart nnn ner nocemenne n rpansnr nnocrpanntx cyon nnn nerarentntx
annaparon. Iocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn oxsymrcx ne cpactnart n mope nnn n armoc]e-
py re-nno nnyrpn sont nmte panoaxrnnnte marepnant nnn orxot nnn ynnu-
roxart panoaxrnnnte marepnant na cyme. Kaxoe rocyapcrno-yuacrnnx onxno
saxnmunrt cornamenne c MAIAT3 o npnmenennn nonnomacmrantx rapanrn n
ornomennn cnoe mnpno xepno exrentnocrn.
3ona nxnmuaer n cex ne rontxo reppnropnn rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon, a raxxe nx
coornercrnymmne xonrnnenrantnte ment]t n ncxnmunrentnte +xonomnuecxne
sont. oronop orxptr nx nonncannx ncemn rocyapcrnamn Rro-Bocrouno Asnn.
B coornercrnnn c Hporoxonom x oronopy, Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxo-
pnrannx n CBA oxsymrcx ne npnmenxrt xepnoe opyxne n ne npnerart x yrpose
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

525
ero npnmenennx npornn nmoro rocyapcrna yuacrnnxa oronopa. Onn raxxe
oxsymrcx ne npnmenxrt xepnoe opyxne n npeenax sont, cnoono or xepnoro
opyxnx n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn. Hporoxon ncrynaer n cnny nx xaxoro rocyapcr-
na-yuacrnnxa n ent caun na xpanenne ero parn]nxannonno rpamort rocyapcrny-
enosnrapnm.
V:acmuuru (10): Fpyne-apyccanam, Bternam, Hnonesnx, Kamoxa, Haoc, Mana-
snx, Mtxnma, Cnnranyp, Tannan, unnnnnnnt.
Hpomoro.: ner nonnce, ner yuacrnnxon.
Texcr oronopa n Hporoxona: Cerpemapuam ACEAH, <http://www.aseansec.org/5181.htm>.
oronop o sone, cnoonon o1 nepnoro opyann n Aqpnxe
(Hennnacxnn oronop)
Hoonucau e Kaupe 11 anpe. 1996 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 15 um. 2009 e.; oenosumapu
Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi Aqpuraucroeo comsa.
oronop sanpemaer npononrt nccneonannx, paspaartnart, nponsnonrt n npno-
perart xepnte nsptnnte ycrpocrna, ycranannnnart n npononrt ncntrannx nm-
tx xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn. Kaxt yuacrnnx ocraercx cnoontm paspe-
mart nocemenne nnn rpansnr nnocrpanntx cyon n nerarentntx annaparon. Kpome
roro, oronop sanpemaer nmoe noopyxennoe nanaenne na xepnte oexrt. Cro-
pont oxsymrcx ne saxopannnart n ne onycxart saxoponennx panoaxrnnntx orxo-
on n pyrnx panoaxrnnntx nemecrn re t ro nn tno n npeenax sont. Cropont
onxnt saxnmunrt cornamenne c MAIAT3 o npnmenennn nceoemnmmnx rapan-
rn n ornomennn nx mnpno xepno exrentnocrn.
3ona nxnmuaer reppnropnm A]pnxancxoro xonrnnenra, ocrponnte rocyapcr-
na unent A]pnxancxoro comsa (AC) n nce ocrpona, paccmarpnnaemte AC xax uacrt
A]pnxn.
oronop orxptr nx nonncannx ncemn rocyapcrnamn A]pnxn. B coornercrnnn
c Hpomoro.o+ I Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA oxsymrcx ne
npnmenxrt xepnte nsptnnte ycrpocrna n ne yrpoxart nx npnmenennem npornn
yuacrnnxon oronopa.
B coornercrnnn c Hpomoro.o+ II Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n
CBA onxnt npnnxrt na cex oxsarentcrno ne ncntrtnart xepnte nsptnnte
ycrpocrna re t ro nn tno n npeenax sont.
B coornercrnnn c Hpomoro.o+ III rocyapcrna oxsymrcx n ornomennn reppnro-
pn, pacnonoxenntx n npeenax sont, sa xoropte onn e-mpe nnn e-]axro necyr
mexynaponym ornercrnennocrt, npnmenxrt onpeenennte nonoxennx oronopa,
nmemmne ornomenne x +rnm reppnropnxm. 3ror Hporoxon orxptr nx nonncannx
upannne n Hcnanne.
Hporoxont ncrynamr n cnny ononpemenno c oronopom nx rex yuacrnnxon
Hporoxonon, xoropte cann na xpanenne cnon parn]nxannonnte rpamort.
V:acmuuru (32): Anxnp, Fennn, Forcnana, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Iaon, Iamnx,
Iaua, Innnex, 3amnx, 3nmane, Ka+epyu, Kor-

Hnyap, Kennx, Hecoro, Hnnnx,


Maaracxap, Manann, Mann, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn, Mosamnx, Hnrepnx, Pyana,
Ceneran, Cnasnnen, Tansannx, Toro, Tynnc, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, 3]nonnx,
Rxnax A]pnxa.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 526
Hpu+e:auue: B ononnenne x 32 yuacrnnxam na 1 xnnapx 2012 r., ua n Innnex-Fncay n
xnnape 2012 r. cann na xpanenne cnon parn]nxannonnte rpamort.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (20): Anrona, xnyrn, Ernner, Kao-Bepe, Komopcxne
Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Hnepnx, Mapoxxo, Ha-
mnnx, Hnrep, Caxapcxax Apacxax emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa (3ananax Caxapa), Can-Tome
n Hpnncnnn, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Comann, Cyan, Yrana, HAP, 3pnrpex.
Hpomoro. I, coa.u ua xpaueuue pamuqurauouuie epa+omi (4): Bennxopnrannx
3
, Knra,
Poccu
2
, upannnx
1
.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): CBA
4
.
Hpomoro. II, coa.u ua xpaueuue pamuqurauouuie epa+omi (4): Bennxopnrannx
3
, Knra,
Poccu
2
, upannnx.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (1): CBA
4
.
Hpomoro. III, coa.u ua xpaueuue pamuqurauouuie epa+omi (1): upannnx.
1
upannnx saxnnna, uro Hporoxont ne sarparnnamr ee npano na camooopony n coorner-
crnnn co cr. 51 Ycrana OOH. Ona pasxcnnna, uro ee oxsarentcrno no cr. 1 Hporoxona I tno
pannocnntno nerarnnntm rapanrnxm esonacnocrn, xoropte ana upannnx ne onaammnm
xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnam yuacrnnxam HO, xax +ro nornepxaercx n ee saxn-
nennn or 6 anpenx 1995 r. na Kon]epennnn no pasopyxennm n ynomnnaercx n Pesonmnnn CF
OOH 984 or 11 anpenx 1995 r.
2
Poccnx saxnnna, uro noxa na ocrponax apxnnenara uaroc naxonrcx noennax asa ona-
ammero xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrna, +rn ocrpona ne moryr paccmarpnnartcx xax coorner-
crnymmne rpeonannxm, npexnnxemtm oronopom n ornomennn reppnropn, cnoontx or
xepnoro opyxnx. Fonee roro, rax xax nexoropte rocyapcrna saxnnnn, uro onn yyr cunrart
cex cnoontmn or oxsarentcrn, npeycmorpenntx n nporoxonax n ornomennn ynomxny-
rtx reppnropn, Poccnx ne moxer cunrart cex cnxsanno oxsarentcrnamn no Hporoxony I n
ornomennn +rnx reppnropn. Poccnx pasxcnnna cnon oxsarentcrna, npeycmorpennte n
cr. 1 Hporoxona I, cneymmnm opasom: ona ne yer npnmenxrt xepnoe opyxne npornn
rocyapcrna yuacrnnxa oronopa, sa ncxnmuennem cnyuaen nropxennx nnn xaxoro-nno
nnoro noopyxennoro nanaennx na Poccnm, ee reppnropnm, ee noopyxennte cnnt nnn nnte
nocxa, ee comsnnxon nnn rocyapcrno, n ornomennn xoroporo ona nmeer oxsarentcrna no
oecneuennm ero esonacnocrn, ocymecrnnenntx nnn noepxanntx ne onaammnm xep-
ntm opyxnem rocyapcrnom yuacrnnxom oronopa conmecrno nnn n comse c onaammnm
xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnom.
3
Bennxopnrannx saxnnna, uro ona ne npnnnmaer nxnmuennx pnrancxo reppnropnn,
naxoxmecx n Hnncxom oxeane, n esxepnym sony n A]pnxe es ee na ro cornacnx n ne
npnnnmaer, necmorpx na ntnonnenne Hporoxonon I n III, xaxne-nno mpnnuecxne oxsa-
rentcrna n ornomennn +ro reppnropnn. Fonee roro, ona ne yer cunrart cex cnxsanno
oxsarentcrnamn, npeycmorpenntmn n cr. 1 Hporoxona I, n cnyuae nropxennx nnn xaxoro-
nno nnoro noopyxennoro nanaennx na Coennennoe Koponencrno, nonnacrnte emy rep-
pnropnn, ero noopyxennte cnnt nnn nnte nocxa, ero comsnnxon nnn rocyapcrno, n orno-
mennn xoroporo ona nmeer oxsarentcrna no oecneuennm ero esonacnocrn, ocymecrnnen-
ntx nnn noepxanntx rocyapcrnom yuacrnnxom oronopa conmecrno nnn n comse c
onaammnm xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrnom, nnn, ecnn xaxo-nno yuacrnnx oronopa cy-
mecrnenno napymnr cnon oxsarentcrna o nepacnpocrpanennn, npeycmorpennte n oronope.
4
CBA saxnnnn n ornomennn Hporoxona I, uro onn yyr paccmarpnnart nropxenne nnn
xaxoe-nno nnoe noopyxennoe nanaenne na CBA, nx reppnropnm, nx noopyxennte cnnt
nnn nnte nocxa, nx comsnnxon nnn rocyapcrno, n ornomennn xoroporo onn nmemr ox-
sarentcrna no oecneuennm ero esonacnocrn, ocymecrnnennte nnn noepxannte rocy-
apcrnom yuacrnnxom oronopa conmecrno nnn n comse c onaammnm xepntm opyxnem
rocyapcrnom, xax ne conmecrnmoe c coornercrnymmnmn oxsarentcrnamn rocyapcrna
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

527
yuacrnnxa oronopa. CBA raxxe saxnnnn, uro nn oronop, nn Hporoxon II ne npnmennmt x
exrentnocrn Bennxopnrannn, CBA nnn nmoro pyroro rocyapcrna, ne xnnxmmerocx
yuacrnnxom oronopa, na ocrpone nero-Iapcnx nnn re-nno eme na Fpnrancxnx reppnro-
pnxx n Hnncxom oxeane. Ho+romy ner neoxonmocrn nnocnrt nsmenennx n onepannn
noopyxenntx cnn CBA na ocrpone nero-Iapcnx nnn re-nno eme na +rnx reppnropnxx.
Texcr oronopa: Aqpuraucru coms, <http://www.au.int/en/treaties>
Cornamenne o cypernonantnou xon1pone na noopyaennnun
(mnopen1nncxoe cornamenne)
Hpuumo eo 4.opeuuu 14 umu 1996 e.; ecmynu.o e cu.y 14 umu 1996 e.
Heperonopt o saxnmuennn cornamennx nennct no +rno OFCE n coornercrnnn c
manarom Omero pamounoro cornamennx o mnpe n Focnnn n Iepneronnne or 1995 r.
(eroncxoe cornamenne). Cornamenne ycranannnnaer uncnennte noronxn na no-
opyxennx xon]nnxronanmnx cropon. Bxnmuent nxrt xareropn rxxentx otuntx
noopyxenn: oente ranxn, oente ponnponannte mamnnt, rxxenax aprnnnepnx
(xannpa 75 mm n ntme), oente camonert n oente nepronert. Coxpamennx tnn
sanepment o 31 oxrxpx 1997 r. K +ro are tno ynnuroxeno 6580 e. opyxnx,
r. e. 46% apcenana, nmenmerocx no cocroxnnm na nmnt 1996 r. K 1 xnnapx 2010 r.
tno oponontno ynnuroxeno eme 2650 e. opyxnx. Cornamenne ntnonnxercx no
xonrponem n npn coecrnnn Hnunoro npecrannrenx ecrnymmero Hpecearenx
OFCE, Konraxrno rpynnt (upannnx, Iepmannx, Hrannx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx
n CBA) n npn noepxxe pyrnx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon OFCE.
B 2006 r. uncno yuacrnnxon cornamennx coxparnnoct c nxrn o rpex n cnxsn c
pocnycxom mnnncrepcrn oopont cynannonantntx opasonann Focnnn n Iepne-
ronnnt. Ocranmnecx yuacrnnxn n mapre 2006 r. oronopnnnct o nnecennn n corna-
menne mecrn mpnnuecxn oxsarentntx nonpanox. B 2007 r. nocne nonyuennx nesa-
nncnmocrn uepnoropne uncno yuacrnnxon cornamennx ynennunnoct o uertpex.
V:acmuuru (4): Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Cepnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx.
Texcr Cornamennx: Muccu OBCE e Bocuuu u Iepeeoeuue, <http://www.oscebih.org/docu
ments/11-eng.pdf>.
Meaauepnxancxan xonnennnn o opte c nesaxonnmu nponsnoc1nou n oopo-
1ou ornec1pentnoro opyann, oenpnnacon, nspmnua1mx nemec1n n pyrnx cnn-
sannmx c nnun ua1epnanon
Hpuuma e Bauuuemoue, Orpye Ko.y+ou, 13 uoop 1997 e.; omrpima o. noonuca-
uu e Bauuuemoue, Orpye Ko.y+ou, 14 uoop 1997 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 1 um.
1998 e.; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapuam Opeauusauu a+epuraucrux eocy-
oapcme.
Hent Konnennnn saxnmuaercx n rom, urot npeornpamart n ncxopenxrt nesaxon-
noe nponsnocrno n ropronnm ornecrpentntm opyxnem, oenpnnacamn, nsptnuart-
mn nemecrnamn n pyrnmn coornercrnymmnmn marepnanamn, npornnoecrnonart
raxnm nponsnocrny n ropronne n coecrnonart corpynnuecrny n omeny nn]op-
manne n ontrom mexy yuacrnnxamn Konnennnn.
V:acmuuru (30): Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna*, Faramt, Fapaoc, Fenns, Fonnnnx,
Fpasnnnx, Benecy+na, Ipenaa, Inaremana, Iaana, Ianrn, Ionypac, omnnnxa,
omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Mexcnxa, Hnxaparya, Hanama,
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 528
Haparna, Hepy, Cantnaop, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cypnnam, 3xnaop,
Tpnnna n Toaro, Ypyrna, unnn.
* C oronopxo.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (4): Kanaa, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, CBA, maxa.
Texcr Konnennnn: Opeauusau a+epuraucrux eocyoapcme, <http://www.oas.org/juridico/eng
lish/treaties/a-63.html>.
Meaauepnxancxan Konnennnn o 1pancnapen1noc1n n onac1n npnope1ennn
omunmx noopyaennn
Hpuuma e e. Ieame+a.a 7 umu 1999 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 21 uoop 2002 e;
oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapuam Opeauusauu a+epuraucrux eocyoapcme.
Hent Konnennnn ncecroponne coecrnonart orxptrocrn n rpancnapenrnocrn n
onacrn npnoperennx otuntx noopyxenn na pernonantnom yponne nyrem ome-
na nn]opmanne ornocnrentno raxoro npnoperennx n nenxx yxpennennx onepnx
mexy rocyapcrnamn Amepnxn.
V:acmuuru (15): Aprenrnna, Fpasnnnx, Benecy+na, Inaremana, omnnnxancxax Pec-
nynnxa, Kanaa, Kocra-Pnxa, Mexcnxa, Hnxaparya, Haparna, Hepy, Cantnaop,
Ypyrna, unnn, 3xnaop.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (6): Fonnnnx, Ianrn, Ionypac, omnnnxa, Konymnx,
CBA.
Texcr Konnennnn: Opeauusau a+epuraucrux eocyoapcme, <http://www.oas.org/juridico/
english/treaties/a-64.html>.
Konnennnn 3xonounuecxoro coomec1na sananoaqpnxancxnx c1pan
(3KOBAC) o nerxou n c1penxonou opyann, oenpnnacax x neuy n pyrnx
ua1epnanax, nuemmnx o1nomenne x +1ouy opyanm
Hpuuma cmpaua+u :.eua+u Jrouo+u:ecroeo cooouecmea sanaouoaqpuraucrux
cmpau (JKOBAC) e Aoyo+e 14 umu 2006 e.; ecmynu.a e cu.y 29 ceumop 2009 e.;
oenosumapu Hpeoceoame.i Ko+uccuu JKOBAC.
Yuacrnnxn Konnennnn oxsant npeornpamart upesmepnoe naxannnnanne nerxoro n
crpenxonoro opyxnx n 15 crpanax unenax 3KOBAC n oportcx c nnm.
V:acmuuru (11): Fennn, Fypxnna-uaco, Iana, Kao-Bepe, Hnepnx, Mann, Hnrep,
Hnrepnx, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, Toro.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (4): Iamnx, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Kor-'Hnyap.
Texcr Konnennnn: ECOWAS Small Arms Control Programme <http://www.ecosap.ecowas.int/>
oronop o essnepnon sone n Hen1pantnon Asnn (Ceunnana1nncxnn oronop)
Hoonucau e Ce+una.amuucre 8 ceumop 2006 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 21 +apma 2009 e.;
oenosumapu npaeume.icmeo Kipeiscmaua.
oronop sanpemaer croponam ocymecrnnxrt nccneonannx n onacrn xepnoro opy-
xnx, paspaartnart ero, nponsnonrt, naxannnnart ero sanact nnn xaxnm-nno nntm
nyrem nm onaart nnn ocymecrnnxrt xonrpont na xepntm opyxnem nnn xaxnmn-
nno nntmn nsptnntmn xepntmn ycrpocrnamn re-nno n npeenax sont.
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

529
Cornacno Hporoxony, Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n CBA ne on-
xnt ncnontsonart nnn yrpoxart ncnontsonannem xepntx nsptnntx ycrpocrn
npornn crpan yuacrnnxon oronopa. Hporoxon ncrynaer n cnny nx xaxo cropo-
nt co nx caun ee parn]nxannonno rpamort na xpanenne enosnrapnm.
V:acmuuru (5): Kasaxcran, Ktprtscran, Taxnxncran, Typxmenncran, Ysexncran.
Hpomoro.: ner nonnce, ner yuacrnnxon.
Texcr oronopa: OOH, Vnpae.euue no eonpoca+ pasopy+euu, Cocmouue +uoeocmopouuux
coe.aueuu o peey.upoeauuu eoopy+euu u pasopy+euuu, <http://disarmament.un.org/treaty
status.nsf>.
Hen1pantnoaqpnxancxan xonnennnn o xon1pone na c1penxonmu opyaneu n
nerxnun noopyaennnun, oenpnnacaun x nnu n coc1annmun uac1nun n
xounonen1aun, xo1opme uory1 m1t ncnontsonanm nn nx nponsnoc1na,
peuon1a nnn copxn (Knnmaccxan xonnennnn)
Hpuuma e Kuuuace 30 anpe. 2010 e.; omrpima o. noonucauu e Bpassaeu.e 19
uoop 2010 e., ue ecmynu.a e cu.y; oenosumapu Ieuepa.iui cerpemapi OOH.
Hent Konnennnn npeornpamenne, npeceuenne n ncxopenenne nesaxonno ropronnn
n oopora nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx (HCO) n Henrpantno A]pnxe; ycnnenne
xonrponx n onacrn nponsnocrna, ropronnn, nepeaun n ncnontsonannx HCO;
opta c noopyxenntm nacnnnem n oneruenne uenoneuecxnx crpaann n pernone,
ntsnanntx HCO, a raxxe yxpennenne corpynnuecrna n onepnx mexy rocyapcr-
namn-yuacrnnxamn. Konnennnx ncrynnr n cnny uepes 30 ne nocne art caun na
xpanenne mecro parn]nxannonno rpamort.
Hoonuca.u, uo ue pamuquupoea.u (11): Aueo.a, Fypynn, Iaoou, Ka+epyu, Koueo (e+o-
rpamu:ecra Pecnyo.ura), Koueo (Pecnyo.ura), Pyana, Cau-To+e u Hpuucunu, HAP,
Hao, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex.
Texcr oronopa: Coopuur ooeoeopoe, noonucauuix e OOH <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/CTC
Treaties.aspx? id=26>.
Bencxnn oxyuen1 2011 roa o uepax yxpennennn onepnn n esonacnoc1n
Hpuum eocyoapcmea+u y:acmuura+u Opeauusauu no oesonacuocmu u
compyouu:ecmey e Eepone e Beue 30 uoop 2011 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 1 oeraop 2011 e.
Bencxn oxymenr or 2011 r. nororonnen na ocnone oxymenra Croxrontmcxo xon-
]epennnn no mepam yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn (MF) n pasopyxennm
n Enpone or 1986 r. n npemecrnymmnx Bencxnx oxymenron (1990, 1992, 1994 n
1999 rr.). B Bencxom oxymenre or 1990 r. npeycmorpent exeront omen noen-
no nn]opmanne, omen nn]opmanne o noenntx mxerax, mexannsmt cnnxennx
pncxon, cosanne cern cnxsn n exeronax onenxa peannsannn MF. Bencxne oxy-
menrt 1992 n 1994 rr. nnenn nonte mexannsmt n napamerpt noenno exrentnocrn,
nnannponannx ooponntx meponpnxrn n noenntx xonraxron. Bencxn oxymenr
1999 r. npeycmarpnnaer pernonantnte mept yxpennennx rpancnapenrnocrn n one-
pnx n nycroponnem, mnorocroponnem n pernonantnom xonrexcrax n nexoropte ynyu-
mennx, n uacrnocrn n ornomennn mep orpannuennx.
B Bencxn oxymenr 2011 r. nxnmuent nsmenennx no raxnm nonpocam, xax
cpoxn nepn]nxannonntx meponpnxrn n emoncrpannx nontx opasnon noopyxe-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 530
nn n noenno rexnnxn, a raxxe ycranonnena nponeypa nepensannx Bencxoro
oxymenra xaxte nxrt ner.
Texcr oxymenra: Opeauusau no oesonacuocmu u compyouu:ecmey e Eepone
<http://www.osce.org/fsc/86597>.


III. BYCTOPOHHHE OIOBOPI
oronop o orpannuennn cnc1eu npo1nnopaxe1non ooponm (oronop no HPO)
Hoonucau CCCP u CLA 26 +a 1972 e. e Mocree; ecmynu. e cu.y 3 ormop 1972 e.;
13 umu 2002 e. oeoeop ympamu. cu.y.
Cropont CCCP n CBA oxsymrcx ne cosanart cncremt HPO, cnoconte samn-
rnrt ncm reppnropnm crpant, n orpannunnart paspaorxy n pasneprtnanne paspe-
menntx crparernuecxnx cncrem HPO. oronop sanpemaer croponam npnanart paxe-
ram, PHC n nycxontm ycranonxam HBO xapaxrepncrnxn, nosnonxmmne nm ntnon-
nxrt saaun optt co crparernuecxnmn annncrnuecxnmn paxeramn, n ncntrtnart
nx n nenxx HPO.
Hporoxon or 1974 r. x oronopy no HPO ycranannnnaer antnemne xonnuecr-
nennte orpannuennx na paspemennte cncremt HPO.
B 1997 r. Fenapyct, Kasaxcran, Poccnx, Yxpanna n CBA nonncann memopanym
o npnsnannn Fenapycn, Kasaxcrana n Yxpannt yuacrnnxamn oronopa napxy c
Poccne n xauecrne npanonpeemnnxon Conercxoro Comsa, a raxxe px Cornaconan-
ntx saxnnenn, onpeenxmmnx nnnnm pasrpannuennx mexy crparernuecxo HPO,
xoropax ne paspemena cornacno oronopy, n necrparernuecxo HPO nnn HPO TB,
xoropte nm paspement. Cornaconannte saxnnennx no HPO tnn parn]nnnponant
Poccne n anpene 2000 r., no ncnecrnne roro, uro CBA nx ne parn]nnnponann, onn
ne ncrynnnn n cnny. 13 exapx 2001 r. CBA oxnnnn o ntxoe ns oronopa no
HPO, +ro pemenne ncrynnno n cnny 13 nmnx 2002 r.
Texcr oronopa n nporoxona: Iocoenapma+eum CLA, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/101888.htm>.
oronop o orpannuennn noseunmx ncnm1annn nepnoro opyann (oronop o
noporonou sanpemennn ncnm1annn, H3H)
Hoonucau CCCP u CLA 3 um. 1974 e. e Mocree; ecmynu. e cu.y 11 oeraop 1990 e.
Yuacrnnxn Poccnx n CBA oxsymrcx ne nponsnonrt nnxaxnx nosemntx
ncntrann xepnoro opyxnx momnocrtm cntme 150 xr. Hporoxon 1974 r. o
nponepxe n 1990 r. tn samenen nontm nporoxonom.
Texcr oronopa n nporoxonon: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 1714 (1993).
oronop o noseunmx nepnmx nspmnax n unpnmx nennx (oronop o unpnmx
nepnmx nspmnax, MRB)
Hoonucau CCCP u CLA 28 +a 1976 e. e Bauuuemoue u e Mocree; ecmynu. e cu.y 11
oeraop 1990 e.
Yuacrnnxn oxsymrcx ne nponsnonrt nnxaxnx orentntx nosemntx xepntx
nsptnon n mnpntx nenxx momnocrtm cntme 150 xr n nnxaxnx rpynnontx nsptnon
COIHALEHHB HO KOHTPOHP HA BOOPVEHHBMH

531
cymmapno momnocrtm cntme 150 xr; a raxxe ne nponsnonrt nnxaxnx rpynnontx
nsptnon c cymmapno momnocrtm 1500 xr, ecnn momnocrt xaxoro orentnoro
nsptna ne yer onpeenena n pesyntrare cornaconanntx nponeyp nponepxn.
B 1990 r. Hporoxon no nponepxe or 1976 r. tn samenen nontm nporoxonom.
Texcr oronopa: OOH. Coopuur ooeoeopoe, m. 1714 (1993).
oronop ueay Comsou Cone1cxnx Connannc1nuecxnx Pecnynnx n Coennen-
nmun m1a1aun Auepnxn o nnxnnannn paxe1 cpenen antnoc1n n uentmen
antnoc1n (oronop no PCM)
Hoonucau CCCP u CLA e Bauuuemoue 8 oeraop 1987 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 1 umu
1988 e.
B coornercrnnn c oronopom nepnonauantnte yuacrnnxn CCCP n CBA
oxsannct ynnuroxnrt nce annncrnuecxne paxert nasemnoro asnponannx n
xptnarte paxert antnocrtm 5005500 xm (cpene antnocrn 10005500 xm n
mentme antnocrn, 5001000 xm) n nx nycxonte ycranonxn o 1 nmnx 1991 r. K
mam 1991 r. tnn nnxnnnponant 2692 paxert. B 1994 r. yuacrnnxamn oronopa
crann Fenapyct, Kasaxcran n Yxpanna. Ha nporxxennn 10 ner nocne 1 nmnx 1991 r.
nx nponepxn ntnonnennx oronopa npononnnct nncnexnnn na mecrax. Hocne
oxonuannx raxnx nncnexnn 31 max 2001 r. nx copa anntx ncnontsonannct
cnyrnnxn nanmennx.
Texcr oronopa: Iocoenapma+eum CLA, <http://www.state.gov/t/vci/trty/102360.htm>.
oronop o coxpamennn n orpannuennn c1pa1ernuecxnx nac1yna1entnmx noopy-
aennn (oronop CHB-1)
Hoonucau CCCP u CLA e Mocree 31 um. 1991 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 5 oeraop 1994 e.,
nperpamu. oecmeue 5 oeraop 2009 e.
oronop rpeonan or Poccnn n CBA nponeennx no+rannoro coxpamennx nx crpa-
rernuecxnx nacrynarentntx xepntx noopyxenn n cemnnernn cpox. On orpannun-
nan cymmapnte xonnuecrna pasnepnyrtx crparernuecxnx cpecrn ocranxn xepnoro
opyxnx MFP, FPHH n rxxentx omapnponmnxon n xepntx oesapxon, xoro-
pte onn necyr. Ho nporoxony, nanpannennomy na oneruenne peannsannn oronopa
CHB-1 (Hnccaoncxn nporoxon or 1992 r.), ncrynnnmemy n cnny 5 exapx 1994 r.,
oronopnte oxsarentcrna tnmero CCCP npnnxnn na cex Fenapyct, Kasaxcran n
Yxpanna.
Ha cmeny CHB-1 npnmen nont oronop CHB, ncrynnnmn n cnny 5 ]enpanx
2011 r.
Texcr oronopa n nporoxonon: Iocoenapma+eum CLA, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/1460
07.htm>.
oronop o antnenmeu coxpamennn n orpannuennn c1pa1ernuecxnx nac1yna-
1entnmx noopyaennn (oronop CHB-2)
Hoonucau Poccue u CLA e Mocree 3 ueap 1993 e.; ue ecmynu. e cu.y.
oronop oxstnaer yuacrnnxon nnxnnnponart nx MFP c PIu HH n coxparnrt
xonnuecrno pasnepnyrtx nmn xepntx oesapxon o nennunnt, ne npentmamme
30003500 e. nx xaxo cropont (ns xoroptx ne onee 1750 e. moryr trt
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 532
pasnepnyrt na FPHH) x 1 xnnapx 2003 r. 26 cenrxpx 1997 r. oe cropont nonncann
Hporoxon x oronopy, npeycmarpnnammn nponenne nepnoa peannsannn oro-
nopa o xonna 2007 r.
Hpu+e:auue: Cenar CBA n Iocyapcrnennax yma Pu parn]nnnponann oronop CHB-2,
onaxo cropont ne omenxnnct parn]nxannonntmn rpamoramn. oronop ne ncrynnn n cnny.
14 nmnx 2002 r., n orner na saxnnenne CBA (or 13 nmnx) o ntxoe ns oronopa no HPO,
Poccnx saxnnna, uro ontme ne cunraer cex cnxsanno oronopom CHB-2.
Texcr oronopa n Hporoxona: Iocoenapma+eum CLA, <http://www.state.gov/t/vci/trty/1028
87.htm>.
oronop o coxpamennn c1pa1ernuecxnx nac1yna1entnmx no1ennnanon
(oronop CHH)
Hoonucau CLA u Poccue e Mocree 24 +a 2002 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 1 umu 2003 e.;
nperpamu. oecmeue 5 qeepa. 2011 e.
oronop oxstnaer yuacrnnxon coxparnrt xonnuecrno nx oneparnnno pasnepnyrtx
crparernuecxnx xepntx oesapxon raxnm opasom, urot x 31 exapx 2012 r. nx
omee xonnuecrno nx xaxo cropont ne npentmano 17002200 e.
oronop npexparnn cnoe ecrnne nocne ncrynnennx n cnny 5 ]enpanx 2011 r.
nonoro oronopa CHB.
Texcr oronopa: Iocoenapma+eum CLA. <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/127129.htm>.
oronop o uepax no antnenmeuy coxpamennm n orpannuennm c1pa1ernuecxnx
nac1yna1entnmx noopyaennn (nonmn oronop CHB, Hpaacxnn oronop)
Hoonucau Poccue u CLA e Hpaee 8 anpe. 2010 e.; ecmynu. e cu.y 5 qeepa.
2011 e.
Yuacrnnxn oronopa oxsymrcx coxparnrt uncno nmemmnxcx y nnx (a) pasnepnyrtx
MFP, FPHH n rxxentx omapnponmnxon o 700 e.; (b) oesapxon na pasnepny-
rtx MFP n FPHH n oesapxon, sacunrtnaemtx sa pasnepnyrtmn rxxentmn
omapnponmnxamn, o 1550 e.; n (c) pasnepnyrtx n nepasnepnyrtx nycxontx
ycranonox MFP, nycxontx ycranonox FPHH, rxxentx omapnponmnxon o 800 e.
Yxasannte coxpamennx onxnt trt ocymecrnnent o 5 ]enpanx 2018 r. Bonpoct,
cnxsannte c ntnonnennem oronopa, yyr paspemartcx n pamxax nycroponne
xoncyntrarnnno xomnccnn. Mexannsmt nponepxn ntnonnennx oronopa onncant n
Hporoxone.
oronop npnsnan samennrt oronop 1991 r. o coxpamennn n orpannuennn crpa-
rernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn (oronop CHB-1) n ormennrt oronop
2002 r. o coxpamennn crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx norennnanon (oronop CHH).
On saxnmuaercx cpoxom na ecxrt ner, ecnn ne yer panee samenen nocneymmnm
cornamennem.
Texcr oronopa n Hporoxona: Iocoenapma+eum CLA, <http://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/
c44126.htm>.
OHOAHEHHE B. MEYHAPOHIE OPIAHH3AHHH
HO COTPYHHuECTBY B OFHACTH FE3OHACHOCTH

Henne FOEHH

B nacroxmem ononnennn paccmarpnnamrcx ocnonnte mexynaponte op-
rannsannn, mexnpannrentcrnennte oprant, oprannsannn, peannsymmne orono-
pt n pexnmt xonrponx na +xcnoprom, ute nentm xnnxercx oecneuenne eso-
nacnocrn, cranntnocrn, mnpa nnn xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, a raxxe npnno-
nrcx cnncox nx unenon nnn yuacrnnxon no cocroxnnm na 1 xnnapx 2012 r.
Oprant n oprannsannn pasenent na rpn pasena: oprannsannn n oprant rno-
antnoro corpynnuecrna (pasen I), oprannsannn n oprant pernonantnoro co-
rpynnuecrna (pasen II), cornamennx no yxpennennm pexnma +xcnoprnoro xon-
rponx (pasen III).
Hepntmn nepeuncnent rocyapcrna unent Oprannsannn Oennenntx
Hann n pyrnx oprannsann nnyrpn cncremt OOH, sa nnmn cneymr nce py-
rne oprannsannn n an]annrnom nopxxe. Oparnre nnnmanne, uro ne nce unent
nnn yuacrnnxn oprannsann xnnxmrcx unenamn OOH. Hasnannx rocyapcrn, xo-
ropte crann unenamn oprannsannn n 2011 r., ntenent xypcnnom. Hapxy c nn-
]opmanne o xaxo oprannsannn, re nosmoxno, yxastnamrcx nx apeca n Hn-
repnere. O ynomnnaemtx n nacroxmem ononnennn cornamennxx no xonrponm
na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennm cm. ononnenne A x nacroxmemy nsannm.


I. OPIAHH3AHHH H OPIAHI IHOFAHIHOIO
COTPYHHuECTBA

Oprannsannn Osennennmx Hannn (OOH)

OOH ncemnpnax mexnpannrentcrnennax oprannsannx, tna yupexena n
1945 r. n pesyntrare npnnxrnx ee Ycrana. Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Htm-Hopxe,
CBA. Becrtm rnanntmn opranamn OOH xnnxmrcx Ienepantnax Accamnex,
Coner Fesonacnocrn, 3xonomnuecxn n Connantnt coner (3KOCOC), Coner no
onexe (xoropt npnocranonnn cnom exrentnocrt n 1994 r.), Mexynapont cy
n Cexperapnar. Ienepantnax Accamnex cocronr ns mecrn rnanntx xomnreron.
Hepnt xomnrer (Komnrer no nonpocam pasopyxennx n mexynapono
esonacnocrn) sannmaercx nponemamn pasopyxennx n cmexntmn nonpocamn
mexynapono esonacnocrn; uerneprt xomnrer (Komnrer no cnennantntm
nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam n nonpocam exononnsannn) sannmaercx mnpoxnm xpy-
rom nonpocon, n xoropt nxoxr nponemt exononnsannn, nanecrnncxnx e-
xennen, npana uenonexa, noepxanne mnpa, pasmnnnponanne, xocmnuecxoe npo-
crpancrno, omecrnennax nn]opmannx, aromnax panannx n Ynnnepcnrer mnpa.
Ynpannenne no nonpocam pasopyxennx OOH (YBP) noompxer n noepxn-
naer ycnnnx no pasopyxennm n onacrn xnmnuecxnx, nonornuecxnx, xepntx n
otuntx noopyxenn. B cocran OOH raxxe nxoxr mnorouncnennte cnennann-
snponannte arenrcrna n pyrne anronomnte oprant.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

534
Hnenm OOH (193) n ro nc1ynnennn
Ancrpannx, 1945
Ancrpnx, 1955
Asepaxan, 1992
Anannx, 1955
Anxnp, 1962
Anrona, 1976,
Anoppa, 1993
Anrnrya n Fapya, 1981
Aprenrnna, 1945
Apmennx, 1992
A]ranncran, 1946
Faramt, 1973
Fanrnaem, 1974
Fapaoc, 1966
Faxpen, 1971
Fenapyct, 1945
Fenns, 1981
Fentrnx, 1945
Fennn, 1960
Fonrapnx, 1955
Fonnnnx, 1945
Focnnx n Iepneronnna,
1992
Forcnana, 1966
Fpasnnnx, 1945
Fpyne-apyccanam,
1984
Fypxnna-uaco, 1960
Fypynn, 1962
Fyran, 1971
Banyary, 1981
Bennxopnrannx, 1945
Benrpnx, 1955
Benecy+na, 1945
Bternam, 1977
Iaon, 1960
Ianrn, 1945
Iaana, 1966
Iamnx, 1965
Iana, 1957
Inaremana, 1945
Innnex, 1958
Innnex-Fncay, 1974
Iepmannx, 1973
Ionypac, 1945
Ipenaa, 1945
Ipennx, 1945
Ipysnx, 1992
annx, 1945
xnyrn, 1977
omnnnxa, 1978
omnnnxancxax
Pecnynnxa, 1945
Ernner, 1945
3amnx, 1964
3nmane, 1980
Hspannt, 1949
Hnnx, 1945
Hnonesnx, 1950
Hopannx, 1955
Hpax, 1945
Hpan, 1945
Hpnannx, 1945
Hcnannx, 1946
Hcnannx, 1955
Hrannx, 1955
Hemen, 1947
Kao-Bepe, 1975
Kasaxcran, 1992
Kamoxa, 1955
Kamepyn, 1960
Kanaa, 1945
Karap, 1971
Kennx, 1963
Knnp, 1960
Knpnarn, 1999
Knra, 1945
Konymnx, 1945
Komopcxne Ocrpona, 1975
Konro (emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa (PK)), 1960
Konro (Pecnynnxa), 1960
Kopex, Hapono-
emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa
(Cenepnax Kopex), 1991
Kopex, Pecnynnxa
(Rxnax Kopex), 1991
Kocra-Pnxa, 1945
Kor-Hnyap, 1960
Kya, 1945
Kyner, 1963
Ktprtscran, 1992
Haoccxax Hapono-
emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa, 1955
Harnnx, 1991
Hecoro, 1966
Hnepnx, 1945
Hnnan, 1945
Hnnnx, 1955
Hnrna, 1991
Hnxrenmren, 1990
Hmxcemypr, 1945
Manpnxn, 1968
Manpnrannx, 1961
Maaracxap, 1960
Maxeonnx (Ftnmax Rro-
cnancxax Pecnynnxa), 1993
Manann, 1964
Manasnx, 1957
Mann, 1960
Mantnnt, 1965
Mantra, 1964
Mapoxxo, 1956
Mapmannont Ocrpona,
1991
Mexcnxa, 1945
Mnxponesnx, 1991
Mosamnx, 1975
Monona, 1992
Monaxo, 1993
Monronnx, 1961
Mtxnma (Fnpma), 1948
Hamnnx, 1990
Haypy, 1999
Henan, 1955
Hnrep, 1960
Hnrepnx, 1960
Hnepnant, 1945
Hnxaparya, 1945
Honax 3enannx, 1945
Hopnernx, 1995
Oennennte Apacxne
3mnpart, 1971
Oman, 1971
Haxncran, 1947
Hanay, 1994
Hanama, 1945
HanyaHonax Innnex, 1975
Haparna, 1945
Hepy, 1945
Hontma, 1945
Hopryrannx, 1955
Poccnx, 1945
Pyana, 1962
Pymtnnx, 1955
Cantnaop, 1945
Camoa, 3ananoe, 1976
Can-Mapnno, 1992
Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn,
1975
Cayoncxax Apannx, 1945
Cnasnnen, 1968
Cementcxne Ocrpona,
1976
Ceneran, 1960
Cenr-Bnncenr n
Ipenannt, 1980
Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, 1983
Cenr-Hmcnx, 1979
Cepnx, 2000
Cnnranyp, 1965
Cnpnx, 1945
Cnonaxnx, 1993
Cnonennx, 1992
Conomonont Ocrpona, 1978
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

535
Comann, 1960
Cyan, 1956
Cypnnam, 1975
CBA, 1945
Cteppa-Heone, 1961
Taxnxncran, 1992
Tannan, 1946
Tansannx, 1961
Tnmop-Hemrn, 2002
Toro, 1960
Tonra, 1999
Tpnnna n Toaro, 1962
Tynany, 2000
Tynnc, 1956
Typxmenncran, 1992

Typnnx, 1945
Yrana, 1962
Ysexncran, 1992
Yxpanna, 1945
Ypyrna, 1945
unxn, 1970
unnnnnnnt, 1945
unnnxnnx, 1955
upannnx, 1945
Xopnarnx, 1992
Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax
Pecnynnxa, 1960
ua, 1960
uepnoropnx, 2006
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 1993

unnn, 1945
Bnenapnx, 2002
Bnennx, 1946
Bpn-Hanxa, 1955
3xnaop, 1945
3xnaropnantnax Innnex,
1968
3pnrpex, 1993
3cronnx, 1991
3]nonnx, 1945
Rxnax A]pnxa, 1945
P+ui Cyoau, 2011
maxa, 1962
nonnx, 1956
Beo-cam: <http://www.un.org/>
Cone1 Besonacnoc1n OOH
Hocmouuie :.eui (5): Bennxopnrannx, KHP, Poccnx, CBA, upannnx.
Henocmouuie :.eui (10): Asepoao+au**, Konymnx*, Iepmannx*, Ieame+a-
.a**, Hnnx*, Maporro**, Harucmau**, Hopryrannx*, Rxnax A]pnxa*, Toeo**.
Hpu+e:auue: nenocroxnnte unent nsnpamrcx Ienepantno Accamnee na nyxro-
nunt cpox.
* Hspant na 20112012 rr.
** Hspant na 20122013 rr.
Beo-cam: <http://www.un.org/sc/>
Konqepennnn no pasopyaennm (KP)
KP mnorocroponnn neperonopnt opran no nonpocam xonrponx na noopyxe-
nnxmn, xoropt saymtnancx xax ennt mnorocroponnn ]opym mexynapo-
noro coomecrna, sannmammncx nonpocamn pasopyxennx. C 1960 r. on necxont-
xo pas nepenmenontnancx, a ero unencxn cocran ynennunnancx. KP ne xnnxercx
opranom OOH, no orunrtnaercx nepe Ienepantno Accamnee. KP naxonrcx n
enene, Bnenapnx.
H.eui (65): Anxnp, Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct,
Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benecy+na, Benrpnx, Bternam,
Iepmannx, Ernner, 3nmane, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hpan, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hspa-
nnt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kasaxcran, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Kennx, Knra, Konymnx,
Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Kya, Kopex (Cenepnax), Kopex (Rxnax),
Manasnx, Mexcnxa, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mtxnma, Hnepnant, Honax 3enan-
nx, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Haxncran, Hepy, Hontma, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnpnx, Ce-
neran, Cnonaxnx, CBA, Tynnc, Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, upannnx, unnn,
Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.unog.ch/disarmament/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

536
Meaynaponoe aren1c1no no a1ounon +neprnn (MAIAT3)
MAIAT3 mexnpannrentcrnennax oprannsannx cncremt OOH. B coornercrnnn
c Ycranom, ncrynnnmnm n cnny n 1957 r., Arenrcrno naeneno nonnomounxmn no
cnococrnonannm mnpnomy ncnontsonannm aromno +neprnn n oecneunnannm
rapanrn ne ncnontsonannx n xaxnx-nno noenntx nenxx exrentnocrn n xepno
c]epe n antnemem. B coornercrnnn c oronopom 1968 r. o nepacnpocrpanennn
xepnoro opyxnx (HO) n oronopamn o sonax, cnoontx or xepnoro opyxnx,
ne onaammne xepntm opyxnem rocyapcrna onxnt npnnxrt rapanrnn
MAIAT3 nx emoncrpannn ntnonnennx nsxrtx nmn oxsarentcrn o orxase or
nponsnocrna xepnoro opyxnx. Bra-xnaprnpa MAIAT3 naxonrcx n Bene,
Ancrpnx.
H.eui (152): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp, Anrona, Aprenrnna, Apmennx, An-
crpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Faxpen, Fanrnaem, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fenns,
Fennn, Fonnnnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-
uaco, Fypynn, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Benecy+na, Bternam, Iaon,
Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Inaremana, Ianrn, Ionypac, annx, omnnn-
xancxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner, 3amnx, 3nmane, Hopannx, Hcnannx, Hnnx,
Hnonesnx, Hpan, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hspannt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hemen, Kamo-
xa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Karap, Knra, Konymnx, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pec-
nynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kocra-Pnxa, Kor-'Hnyap, Kya, Knnp, Kasaxcran,
Kennx, Kopex (Rxnax), Kyner, Ktprtscran, Haoc, Harnnx, Hnnan, Hecoro, Hn-
epnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap,
Manann, Manasnx, Mann, Mantra, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Manpn-
xn, Mexcnxa, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx, Mtxnma, Ha-
mnnx, Henan, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hop-
nernx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Haxncran, Hanay, Hanama, Ha-
parna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cantnaop, Cayoncxax
Apannx, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cnpnx, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnra-
nyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Cyan, CBA, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Tannan, Ty-
nnc, Typnnx, Yrana, Ysexncran, Yxpanna, Ypyrna, unnnnnnnt, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Xopnarnx, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa, ua, uepnoropnx,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, unnn, Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3pnr-
pex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, maxa, nonnx.
Hpu+e:auue: Cenepnax Kopex tna unenom MAIAT3 o nmnx 1994 r. Homnmo nepe-
uncnenntx ntme rocyapcrn Ienepantnax xon]epennnx MAIAT3 yrnepnna npncoen-
nenne x Arenrcrny Kao-Bepe, omnnnxn, HanyaHono Innnen, Pyant, Toro n Tonra.
3rn rocyapcrna cranyr unenamn MAIAT3 nocne caun emy neoxonmtx npanontx o-
xymenron.
Beo-cam: <http://www.iaea.org/>
Meaynaponmn cy (MC)
Mexynapont cy tn yupexen n 1945 r. Ycranom OOH n xnnxercx rnanntm
cyentm opranom OOH. Cy sannmaercx paspemennem n coornercrnnn c mexy-
napontm npanom mpnnuecxnx cnopon, nepeanntx emy na paccmorpenne rocy-
apcrnamn, n ntnecennem xoncyntrarnnntx saxnmuenn no mpnnuecxnm nonpo-
cam, sanpamnnaemtm ynonnomouenntmn opranamn n cnennannsnponanntmn yu-
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

537
pexennxmn OOH. Cy cocronr ns 15 cye, xoropte nsnpamrcx cpoxom na e-
nxrt ner Ienepantno Accamnee OOH n Conerom Fesonacnocrn OOH. MC na-
xonrcx n Iaare, Hnepnant.
Beo-cam: <http://www.icj-cij.org/>
nyc1oponnnn xoncynt1a1nnnan xounccnn (KK)
KK ]opym, cosannt n xoe nororonxn n 2010 r. nonoro poccncxo-
amepnxancxoro oronopa o CHB (CHB-3), na xoropom crpant-yuacrnnnt (Poccnx n
CBA) ocyxamr nonpoct, cnxsannte c peannsanne oronopa. KK samennna Co-
nmecrnym Komnccnm no conmennm n nncnexnnxm (CKCH), cosannym n xoe
nonncannx n 1991 r. oronopa CHB-1. KK onxna saceart naxt n ro n ene-
ne (Bnenapnx) o rex nop, noxa cropont ne npnmyr nnoro pemennx. Ee paora no-
cnr xon]nennnantnt xapaxrep.
Copyaec1no nannn
Copyxecrno nann cosano n ero ntnemnem nne n 1949 r. nnxercx oprannsanne
pasnnrtx n pasnnnammnxcx crpan n nenxx noepxxn emoxparnn, npan uenonexa n
ycrounnoro +xonomnuecxoro n connantnoro pasnnrnx xax n rocyapcrnax-unenax,
rax n n pyrnx crpanax. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n Honone, Bennxopnrannx.
H.eui (54): Anrnrya n Fapya, Ancrpannx, Faramt, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fenns,
Forcnana, Fpyne-apyccanam, Banyary, Bennxopnrannx, Iamnx, Iana, Ipenaa,
Iaana, omnnnxa, 3amnx, Hnnx, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Knnp, Kennx, Knpnarn, He-
coro, Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mantra, Manpnxn, Mosamnx, Hamnnx, Hay-
py, Honax 3enannx, Hnrepnx, Haxncran, HanyaHonax Innnex, Pyana, Cnasnnen,
Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Camoa, Cementcxne
Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnnranyp, Conomonont Ocrpona, Tansannx, Tonra, Tpnnn-
a n Toaro, Tynany, Yrana, unxn*, Rxnax A]pnxa, Bpn-Hanxa, maxa.
* unencrno unxn n Copyxecrne tno npnocranonneno 1 cenrxpx 2009 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.thecommonwealth.org/>
Oprannsannn oronopa o nceoseunmmeu sanpemennn nepnmx ncnm1annn
(OB3RH)
OB3H nauner ]ynxnnonnponart nocne ncrynnennx n cnny oronopa o nceoem-
nmmem sanpemennn xepntx ncntrann (B3H), nonncannoro n 1996 r. Ona y-
er sannmartcx paspemennem nonpocon, cnxsanntx c conmennem oronopa n nt-
nonnxrt ]ynxnnn ]opyma nx xoncyntrann n corpynnuecrna rocyapcrn-
yuacrnnxon. nx nororonxn paort OB3H cosan Hororonnrentnt xomnrer,
n saaun xoroporo nxonr, n uacrnocrn, cosanne Mexynapono cncremt monnro-
pnnra n cocrane crannn cecmonornuecxoro, rnpoaxycrnuecxoro, nn]pasnyxonoro
n panonyxnnnoro monnropnnra, annte xoroptx nepeamrcx n Mexynapont
nenrp anntx OB3H. Bra-xnaprnpa oprannsannn pacnonoxena n Bene, Ancr-
pnx.
Iocyoapcmea, noonucaeuue B3BH (182): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.ctbto.org/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

538
Ipynna noctun
Ipynna noctmn (nepnonauantno cemn) neymnx npomtmnenno pasnnrtx rocyapcrn,
xoropte nponoxr ne]opmantnte ncrpeun na yponne rnan rocyapcrn n npann-
rentcrn, naunnax c 1970-x roon. Bonpocamn nepacnpocrpanennx, pasopyxennx,
optt c reppopnsmom n xepno esonacnocrn n pamxax Ipynnt noctmn sannmaer-
cx Inoantnoe naprnepcrno npornn pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx n marepnanon maccono-
ro ynnuroxennx, nauaroe n 2002 r. n nponennoe n mae 2011 r. na neonpeenennt
cpox.
H.eui (8): Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Poccnx, CBA, upannnx,
nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.g8.gc.ca/>
Meaynaponmn yrononnmn cy (MYC)
MYC nesanncnmt nocroxnnt mexynapont yrononnt cy, paccmarpnnam-
mn ena o renonne, noenntx npecrynnennxx n npecrynnennxx npornn uenoneuno-
crn. Ycran cya tn npnnxr n Pnme n 1998 r. n ncrynnn n cnny 1 nmnx 2002 r. MYC
naxonrcx n Iaare, Hnepnant.
V:acmuuru (120): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anoppa, Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna,
Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fentrnx, Fenns, Fennn, Fonnnnx, Focnnx
n Iepneronnna, Forcnana, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Bauyamy,
Benecy+na, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iaon, Iamnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipe-
nnx, Ipeuaoa, Innnex, Iaana, Ionypac, annx, xnyrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxan-
cxax Pecnynnxa, 3amnx, Hopannx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kam-
oxa, Kanaa, Kaoo-Bepoe, Kennx, Knnp, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro
(emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Ocrpona Kyxa, Kocra-Pnxa,
Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP
Maxeonnx, Maaracxap, Manann, Ma.iouei, Mann, Mantra, Mapmannont Ocrpona,
Manpnxn, Mexcnxa, Monona, Monronnx, Hamnnx, Haypy, Hnepnant, Honax
3enannx, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryra-
nnx, Pymtnnx, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Ca-
moa, Can-Mapnno, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Cnona-
xnx, Cnonennx, Cypnnam, Taxnxncran, Tansannx, Tnmop-Hemrn, Tpnnna n Toa-
ro, Tyuuc, Yrana, Ypyrna, unxn, 4u.unnuui, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx,
Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa, ua, unnn, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynn-
xa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.icc-cpi.int/>
nnaenne nenpncoennennn (H)
H tno cosano n 1961 r. n xauecrne ]opyma nx xoncyntrann n xoopnnannn no-
snnn nenpncoennnnmnxcx rocyapcrn n OOH no nonpocam +xonomnxn, nonnrnxn
n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn.
H.eui (120): A]ranncran, Anxnp, Anrona, Anrnrya n Fapya, Asepoao+au, Fa-
ramt, Faxpen, Fanrnaem, Fapaoc, Fenapyct, Fenns, Fennn, Fyran, Fonnnnx, For-
cnana, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Banyary, Benecy+na, Bternam,
Iaon, Iamnx, Iana, Ipenaa, Inaremana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Iaana, Ianrn,
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

539
Ionypac, xnyrn, omnnnxa, omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Ernner, 3amnx, 3nm-
ane, Hnnx, Hnonesnx, Hopannx, Hpan, Hpax, Hemen, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Ka-
o-Bepe, Karap, Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecny-
nnxa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Kor-'Hnyap, Kya, Kennx, Kopex (Cenepnax), Kyner,
Haoc, Hnnan, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Maaracxap, Manann, Manasnx, Mantnnt,
Mann, Manpnrannx, Manpnxn, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx, Mtxnma, Hamnnx,
Henan, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Op-
rannsannx ocnooxennx Hanecrnnt, Haxncran, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, He-
py, Pyana, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr-Hmcnx, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Can-
Tome n Hpnncnnn, Cayoncxax Apannx, Ceneran, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-
Heone, Cnnranyp, Comann, Cyan, Cypnnam, Cnasnnen, Cnpnx, Tansannx, Tannan,
Tnmop-Hemrn, Toro, Tpnnna n Toaro, Tynnc, Typxmenncran, Yrana, Ysexn-
cran, unnnnnnnt, 4uo+u, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa, ua, unnn, Bpn-
Hanxa, 3xnaop, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex, 3pnrpex, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa,
maxa.
Beo-cam: <http://www.namegypt.org/>
Oprannsannn +xonounuecxoro co1pynnuec1na n pasnn1nn (O3CP)
O3CP yupexena n 1961 r. n nenxx coecrnnx +xonomnuecxomy pasnnrnm n conn-
antnomy narononyunm nocpecrnom xoopnnannn nonnrnxn rocyapcrn-
yuacrnnxon. Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Hapnxe, upannnx.
H.eui (34): Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx,
Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hspannt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Kopex
(Rxnax), Hmxcemypr, Mexcnxa, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Hontma,
Hopryrannx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, unnn, uem-
cxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.oecd.org/>
Oprannsannn no sanpemennm xnunuecxoro opyann (O3XO)
O3XO yupexena n coornercrnnn c Konnennne o sanpemennn xnmnuecxoro opyxnx
or 1993 r. xax opran crpan-yuacrnnxon nx nanmennx sa ntnonnennem Konnennnn
n yperynnponannx nonpocon ee conmennx. Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Iaare, Hn-
epnant.
V:acmuuru KXO (188): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.opcw.org/>
Oprannsannn Hcnaucxan xonqepennnn (OHK)
OHK yupexena n 1969 r. ncnamcxnmn rocyapcrnamn n nenxx pasnnrnx corpynn-
uecrna mexy unenamn oprannsannn, yxpennennx mnpa, esonacnocrn n noepxxn
optt napoa Hanecrnnt n ncex mycyntmancxnx napoon. Cexperapnar naxonrcx
n xne, Cayoncxax Apannx.
H.eui (57): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anxnp, Asepaxan, Faxpen, Fanrnaem, Fe-
nnn, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fypxnna-uaco, Iaon, Iamnx, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay,
Iaana, xnyrn, Ernner, Hnonesnx, Hpan, Hpax, Hopannx, Hemen, Kamepyn, Ka-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

540
rap, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Kor-'Hnyap, Kasaxcran, Kyner, Ktprtscran, Hnnan, Hn-
nnx, Manasnx, Mantnnt, Mann, Manpnrannx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx, Hnrep, Hnre-
pnx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Haxncran, Hanecrnna, Cayoncxax
Apannx, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, Comann, Cyan, Cypnnam, Cnpnx, Taxnxncran,
Toro, Tynnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Yrana, Ysexncran, ua.
Beo-cam: <http://www.oic-oci.org/>
Cnennantnan xounccnn no nponepxe (CKH)
Komnccnx tna cosana n 1987 r. n coornercrnnn c oronopom o paxerax cpene n
mentme antnocrn (PCM) xax ]opym nx pemennx nonpocon, cnxsanntx c conm-
ennem oronopa, n ocyxennx mep no nontmennm xnsnecnoconocrn n +]]ex-
rnnnocrn oronopa.
V:acmuuru oeoeopa PCM (5): cm. ononnenne A.


II. OPIAHH3AHHH H OPIAHI PEIHOHAHIHOIO
COTPYHHuECTBA
Aqpnxancxnn coms (AC)
AC tn o]nnnantno cosan n 2001 r., xora ncrynnn n cnny Yupenrentnt axr
A]pnxancxoro comsa. B 2002 r. on samennn Oprannsannm a]pnxancxoro enncrna.
unencrno n comse orxptro nx ncex rocyapcrn A]pnxn. Hent AC xoopnnnpo-
nart n cornacontnart exrentnocrt, nanpannennym na yxpennenne enncrna, eso-
nacnocrn, emoxparnn, yperynnponanne xon]nnxron, noompenne npan uenonexa n
coecrnne nonnrnuecxo, connantno n +xonomnuecxo nnrerpannn n A]pnxe. B
ero cocrane cosan Coner mnpa n esonacnocrn, nocroxnnt npexrnnnt opran no
nonpocam npeynpexennx xon]nnxron, nx yperynnponannx n paspemennx. Bra-
xnaprnpa AC naxonrcx n Anc-Aee, 3]nonnx.
H.eui (54): Anxnp, Anrona, Fennn, Forcnana, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Iaon, Iam-
nx, Iana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, xnyrn, Ernner, 3amnx, 3ananax Caxapa (Ca-
xapcxax Apacxax emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), 3nmane, Kamepyn, Kao-Bepe,
Kennx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Konro (Pecny-
nnxa), Kor-'Hnyap, Hecoro, Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Maaracxap*, Manann, Mann, Manpn-
rannx, Manpnxn, Mosamnx, Hamnnx, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Pyana, Can-Tome n Hpnn-
cnnn, Cnasnnen, Ceneran, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cyan, Cteppa-Heone, Comann,
Tansannx, Toro, Tynnc, Yrana, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa, ua, 3xna-
ropnantnax Innnex, 3pnrpex, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, P+ui Cyoau.
* unencrno Maaracxapa n AC tno npnocranonneno n mapre 2009 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.africa-union.org/>
Asna1cxo-Tnxooxeancxoe +xonounuecxoe co1pynnuec1no (AT3C)
AT3C cosano n 1989 r. nx coecrnnx cnoono ropronne n +xonomnuecxomy
nponnerannm n Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxom pernone. C cepennt 1990-x roon nce
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

541
ontmee nnnmanne oprannsannx yenxer ocyxennm nonnrnuecxnx nponem n npo-
nem esonacnocrn, n rom uncne opte c reppopnsmom, nepacnpocrpanennm opyxnx
macconoro ynnuroxennx n +]]exrnnnocrn cncrem xonrponx na +xcnoprom. Bra-
xnaprnpa oprannsannn pacnonoxena n Cnnranype.
H.eui opeauusauu (21): Ancrpannx, Fpyne-apyccanam, Bternam, Ionxonr, Hno-
nesnx, Kanaa, Knra, Kopex (Rxnax), Manasnx, Mexcnxa, Honax 3enannx, Ha-
nyaHonax Innnex, Hepy, unnnnnnnt, Poccnx, Cnnranyp, CBA, Tanant, Tannan,
unnn, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.apec.org/>
Acconnannn rocyapc1n Kro-Boc1ounon A3HH (ACEAH)
Opasonana n 1967 r. nx coecrnnx +xonomnuecxomy, connantnomy n xyntrypnomy
pasnnrnm, a raxxe mnpy n esonacnocrn na pernonantnom yponne n Rro-Bocrouno
Asnn. Cexperapnar oprannsannn naxonrcx n r. xaxapra, Hnonesnx.
H.eui (10): Fpyne-apyccanam, Bternam, Hnonesnx, Kamoxa, Haoc, Manasnx,
Mtxnma, Cnnranyp, Tannan, unnnnnnnt.
Beo-cam: <http://www.aseansec.org/>
Pernonantnmn qopyu ACEAH (PmA)
PuA opasonan n 1994 r. nx pemennx nponem esonacnocrn.
V:acmuuru (27): rocyapcrna unent ACEAH, Ancrpannx, Fanrnaem, Enpone-
cxn coms, Hnnx, Kanaa, Knra, Kopex (Cenepnax), Kopex (Rxnax), Monronnx,
Honax 3enannx, Haxncran, HanyaHonax Innnex, Poccnx, CBA, Tnmop-Hemrn,
Bpn-Hanxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.aseanregionalforum.org/>
ACEAH nnmc 1pn (AHT)
Corpynnuecrno nauanoct n 1997 r. nocne ]nnanconoro xpnsnca n Asnn n tno
nncrnrynnonantno o]opmneno n 1999 r. Ero nentm xnnxercx cosanne naronpn-
xrntx ycnonn nx nonnrnuecxoro n +xonomnuecxoro corpynnuecrna, corpynn-
uecrna n onacrn esonacnocrn, a raxxe yxpennenne ]nnancono cranntnocrn
crpan-unenon.
V:acmuuru (13): rocyapcrna unent ACEAH, Knra, Kopex (Rxnax), nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.aseansec.org/20182.htm>
Boc1ounoasna1cxnn cauun1 (BAC)
Bocrounoasnarcxn cammnr nauan cnom paory n 2005 r. xax pernonantnt ]o-
pym nx nanora no crparernuecxnm, nonnrnuecxnm n +xonomnuecxnm nonpocam n
nenxx oecneuennx mnpa, cranntnocrn n +xonomnuecxoro nponnerannx n Boc-
rouno Asnn. Exeronte ncrpeun ynxstnamrcx no npemenn c cammnrom crpan
unenon ACEAH.
V:acmuuru (18): rocyapcrna unent ACEAH, Ancrpannx, Hnnx, Knra, Kopex
(Rxnax), Honax 3enannx, Poccu, CLA, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.dfat.gov.au/asean/eas/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

542
Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnex1nnnon esonacnoc1n (OKB)
OKF o]nnnantno yupexena n 20022003 rr. mecrtm unenamn oronopa 1992 r. o
xonnexrnnno esonacnocrn. Ee nentm xnnxercx coecrnne corpynnuecrny mexy
yuacrnnxamn, a raxxe oecneuenne onee +]]exrnnnoro pearnponannx na crparern-
uecxne nponemt, raxne xax reppopnsm n napxorpa]nx. Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n
Mocxne, Poccnx.
H.eui (7): Apmennx, Fenapyct, Kasaxcran, Ktprtscran, Poccnx, Taxnxncran, Ys-
exncran.
Beo-cam: <http://www.dkb.gov.ru/>
Copyaec1no Hesanncnumx Iocyapc1n (CHI)
CHI opasonano n 1991 r. xax crpyxrypa mnorocroponnero corpynnuecrna pecny-
nnx tnmero CCCP. Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Mnncxe, Fenapyct.
H.eui (11): Apmennx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Kasaxcran, Ktprtscran, Monona,
Poccnx, Taxnxncran, Typxmenncran, Yxpanna, Ysexncran.
Beo-cam: <http://www.cis.minsk.by/>
3xonounuecxoe coomec1no nen1pantnoaqpnxancxnx c1pan (3KHAC)
3KHAC tno cosano n 1983 r. nx nponeennx nonnrnuecxoro nanora, cosannx
ramoxennoro comsa n peannsannn ome nonnrnxn n Henrpantno A]pnxe. Ero cex-
perapnar naxonrcx n Hnpennnne, Iaon. Coner sa mnp n esonacnocrt n Henrpant-
no A]pnxe (CMFHA) +ro mexannsm, cnococrnymmn ntpaorxe ome nonnrn-
uecxo n noenno crparernn nx npeornpamennx, yperynnponannx n paspemennx
xon]nnxron n Henrpantno A]pnxe.
H.eui (10): Anrona, Fypynn, Iaon, Kamepyn, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecnynn-
xa), Konro (Pecnynnxa), Can-Tome n Hpnncnnn, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecny-
nnxa, ua, 3xnaropnantnax Innnex.
Beo-cam: <http://www.ceeac-eccas.org/>
Konqepennnn no nsanuoenc1nnm n uepau onepnn n Asnn (KBMA)
Hnnnnarnna cosannx +ro crpyxrypt tna ntnnnyra n 1992 r. KBMA yupexe-
na n 1999 r. n coornercrnnn c exnapanne o npnnnnnax, perynnpymmnx ornomennx
mexy rocyapcrnamn yuacrnnxamn KBMA. ecrnyer n xauecrne ]opyma, nentm
xoroporo xnnxercx pacmnpenne corpynnuecrna n onacrn esonacnocrn n mep yxpe-
nnennx onepnx mexy rocyapcrnamn-yuacrnnxamn. Homnmo +roro KBMA coe-
crnyer corpynnuecrny n +xonomnuecxo, connantno n xyntrypno onacrxx. Cex-
perapnar KBMA pacnonoxen n Anmart, Kasaxcran.
H.eui (24): A]ranncran, Asepaxan, Faxpen, Bternam, Ernner, Hnnx, Hpan,
Hpax, Hspannt, Hopannx, Ka+ooo+a, Knra, Kasaxcran, Kopex (Rxnax), Ktprts-
cran, Monronnx, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Haxncran, Hanecrnna, Poccnx,
Taxnxncran, Tannan, Typnnx, Ysexncran.
Beo-cam: <http://www.s-cica.org/>
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

543
Cone1 Enponm (CE)
CE yupexen n 1949 r. Orxptr nx npncoennennx nmo enponecxo crpant, npn-
nnmamme npnnnnn nepxonencrna npana n rapanrnpymme cnonm rpaxanam npana
uenonexa n ocnonnte cnoot. Bra-xnaprnpa CE naxonrcx n Crpacypre, upan-
nnx. Cpen ero opranon Enponecxn cy no npanam uenonexa n Fanx pasnnrnx Co-
nera Enpont.
H.eui (47): Anannx, Anoppa, Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Fentrnx, Focnnx
n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx,
annx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Knnp, Harnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna,
Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Mantra, Monona, Monaxo, Hnepnant, Hopnernx,
Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Can-Mapnno, Cepnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecny-
nnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.coe.int/>
Cone1 rocyapc1n Ban1nncxoro uopn (CIBM)
CIFM cosan n 1992 r. xax pernonantnax mexnpannrentcrnennax oprannsannx nx
corpynnuecrna rocyapcrn pernona Fanrncxoro mopx. Ero cexperapnar naxonrcx
n Croxrontme, Bnennx.
H.eui (12): Iepmannx, annx, Enponecxax xomnccnx, Hcnannx, Harnnx, Hnrna,
Hopnernx, Hontma, Poccnx, unnnxnnx, Bnennx 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.cbss.org/>
3xonounuecxoe coomec1no 3ananon Aqpnxn (3KOBAC)
3KOBAC tno cosano n 1975 r. c nentm cnococrnonart pasnnrnm ropronnn n co-
rpynnuecrna, a raxxe coecrnonart pasnnrnm n 3anano A]pnxe. B 1981 r. Co-
omecrno npnnxno Hporoxon o nsanmno nomomn n nonpocax oopont. Hcnonnn-
rentnt cexperapnar naxonrcx n Haroce, Hnrepnx.
H.eui (15): Fennn, Fypxnna-uaco, Iamnx, Iana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Kao-
Bepe, Kor-'Hnyap*, Hnepnx, Mann, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone, Toro.
* Yuacrne Kor-'Hnyapa n exrentnocrn 3KOBAC tno npnocranonneno 7 exapx 2010 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.ecowas.int/>
Enponencxnn coms (EC)
EC oprannsannx enponecxnx rocyapcrn, corpynnuammnx n ontmom uncne o-
nacre, nxnmuax ennt ptnox co cnoontm nepennxennem nme, ronapon, yc-
nyr n xannrana, re px unenon nontsymrcx enno nanmro. B EC ecrnyer Omax
nnemnxx nonnrnxa n nonnrnxa n onacrn esonacnocrn (OBHF). Ocnonntmn opra-
namn EC xnnxmrcx Enponecxn coner, Coner Enponecxoro comsa, Enponecxax
xomnccnx n Enponecxn napnamenr. OBHF n Omym nonnrnxy n onacrn oopont
n esonacnocrn xoopnnnpyer Bepxonnt npecrannrent Comsa no nnocrpanntm
enam n nonnrnxe n onacrn esonacnocrn. 1 exapx 2009 r. ncrynnn n cnny Hncca-
oncxn oronop 2007 r., moepnnsnpymmn ]ynxnnn EC. Bra-xnaprnpa EC pac-
nonoxena n Fpmccene, Fentrnx.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

544
H.eui (27): Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipe-
nnx, annx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Knnp, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, Mant-
ra, Hnepnant, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://europa.eu/>
Enponencxoe coomec1no no a1ounon +neprnn (Enpa1ou)
Enparom cosano n coornercrnnn c oronopom 1957 r. o yupexennn Enpone-
cxoro coomecrna no aromno +neprnn (oronop o Enparome) nx coecrnnx pas-
nnrnm xepno +neprnn n mnpntx nenxx n oecneuennx mnoronannonantno pe-
rnonantno cncremt rapanrn, oxnartnamme rocyapcrna unent EC. Hpn En-
parome cosano Arenrcrno cnaxennx, pacnonoxennoe n Hmxcemypre. B ero
saaun nxonr oecneuenne perynxpntx n ocnonanntx na pannonpannn nocranox
pyt, ncxontx marepnanon n ocotx pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon n rocyap-
crna unent EC.
H.eui (27): Iocyapcrna unent EC.
Beo-cam: <http://ec.europa.eu/euratom/>
Enponencxoe aren1c1no no oopone (EAO)
EAO xnnxercx arenrcrnom Enponecxoro comsa n ynpannxercx Conerom. Ono cos-
ano n 2004 r. nx oxasannx nomomn n pasnnrnn enponecxoro ooponnoro no-
rennnana, coecrnnx corpynnuecrny enponecxnx crpan n nonpocax noopyxe-
nn n paort no cosannm n Enpone momno ooponno rexnnuecxo n npo-
mtmnenno ast. Ynpannxercx Pyxonoxmnm conerom n cocrane mnnncrpon
oopont crpan-yuacrnnn n Bepxonnoro npecrannrenx EC no nnocrpanntm e-
nam n nonnrnxe n onacrn esonacnocrn (xoropt nosrnannxer arenrcrno). EAO
naxonrcx n Fpmccene, Fentrnx.
Cmpaui-y:acmuui (26): Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benr-
pnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Knnp, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmx-
cemypr, Mantra, Hnepnant, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cno-
nennx, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Bnennx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://eda.europa.eu/>
Cone1 co1pynnuec1na apacxnx rocyapc1n Hepcncxoro sannna (CCAIH3)
CCAIH3, nmemmn o]nnnantnoe nasnanne Coner corpynnuecrna apacxnx rocy-
apcrn Hepcncxoro sannna, tn ocnonan n 1981 r. nx coecrnnx pernonantno
nnrerpannn n c]epax +xonomnxn, ]nnancon, ropronnn, ynpannennx n saxonoarent-
crna, a raxxe n nenxx cosannx naronpnxrntx ycnonn nx nayuno-rexnnuecxoro
nporpecca. Homnmo +roro rocyapcrna-unent corpynnuamr n c]epax nnemne no-
nnrnxn n oopont, a raxxe n onacrn oecneuennx esonacnocrn. Btcmnm opranom
CCAIH3 xnnxercx Btcmn coner. Ero mra-xnaprnpa pacnonoxena n 3p-Pnxe,
Cayoncxax Apannx.
H.eui (6): Faxpen, Karap, Kyner, Oman, Oennennte Apacxne 3mnpart, Cay-
oncxax Apannx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.gcc-sg.org/>
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

545
Meanpann1entc1nennmn opran no pasnn1nm (MOP)
Cosanne MOP n xauecrne mexnpannrentcrnennoro oprana no pasnnrnm n opte c
sacyxo tno nnnnnnponano n 1986 r. O]nnnantno MOP yupexen n 1996 r. nx
yxpennennx mnpa n cranntnocrn n pernone A]pnxancxoro Pora n nx cosannx me-
xannsmon nx npeornpamennx, paspemennx xon]nnxron n ynpannennx nmn. Cexpe-
rapnar MOP naxonrcx n xnyrn.
H.eui (7): xnyrn, Kennx, Comann, Cyan, Yrana, 3]nonnx, P+ui Cyoau.
Hpu+e:auue: 3pnrpex npnocranonnna cnoe unencrno n 2007 r. n orner na noepxxy MOP
nropxennx 3]nonnn n Comann. 3pnrpex nontranact nosononnrt cnoe unencrno n 2011 r., no
+ro ne tno noepxano pyrnmn unenamn MOP.
Beo-cam: <http://www.igad.int/>
Meaynaponan xonqepennnn no panony Bennxnx osep n Aqpnxe (MKPBO)
MKPBO, cosannax n 2004 r., ecrnyer n nnrepecax mnpa n esonacnocrn, nonnrn-
uecxo n connantno cranntnocrn, pocra n pasnnrnx n paone Bennxnx osep n A]-
pnxe. B 2006 r. rocyapcrna-unent npnnxnn Haxr o mnpe, cranntnocrn n pasnnrnn n
paone Bennxnx osep n A]pnxe, xoropt ncrynnn n cnny n 2008 r. Hcnonnnrentnt
cexperapnar MKPBO naxonrcx n Fyxymype, Fypynn.
V:acmuuru (11): Anrona, Fypynn, 3amnx, Kennx, Konro (Pecnynnxa), Konro (e-
moxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa), Pyana, Cyan, Tansannx, Yrana, Henrpantno-
A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa.
Beo-cam: <http://www.icglr.org/>
Conuec1nan xoncynt1a1nnnan rpynna (CKI)
CKI tna cosana n 1990 r. n coornercrnnn c oronopom o otuntx noopyxenntx
cnnax n Enpone (OBCE) nx coecrnnx ocrnxennm nene oronopa n ero nt-
nonnennm nocpecrnom paspemennx nexcntx cnryann, nosnnxammnx npn ero ron-
xonannn n npaxrnuecxom npnmenennn. CKI pacnonoxena n Bene, Ancrpnx.
V:acmuuru OBCE (30): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.osce.org/jsg/>
Anra apacxnx rocyapc1n (AAI)
HAI, nsnecrnax xax Apacxax nnra, cosana n 1945 r. Ee rnanno nentm xnnxercx
]opmnponanne onee recnoro comsa apacxnx rocyapcrn n coecrnne nonnrnue-
cxomy n +xonomnuecxomy corpynnuecrny mexy nnmn. B 1950 r. ee unent nonn-
cann Cornamenne o xonnexrnnno oopone n +xonomnuecxom corpynnuecrne. Ho-
croxnnax mra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Kanpe, Ernner.
H.eui (22): Anxnp, Faxpen, xnyrn, Ernner, Hpax, Hopannx, Hemen, Karap, Ko-
mopcxne Ocrpona, Kyner, Hnnan, Hnnnx, Manpnrannx, Mapoxxo, Oennennte
Apacxne 3mnpart, Oman, Hanecrnna, Cayoncxax Apannx, Comann, Cyan, Cnpnx*,
Tynnc.
* Yuacrne Cnpnn n exrentnocrn oprannsannn tno npnocranonneno 16 noxpx 2011 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.arableagueonline.org/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

546
Oprannsannn Cenepoa1nan1nuecxoro oronopa (HATO)
HATO yupexena n 1949 r. n coornercrnnn c Cenepoarnanrnuecxnm oronopom (Ba-
mnnrroncxn oronop) xax ooponnrentnt coms crpan 3anaa. Cr.5 oronopa npe-
ycmarpnnaer oxsarentcrno ero yuacrnnxon npnnnmart ornernte mept n cnyuae
nanaennx na nmoro ns ero unenon. Bra-xnaprnpa oprannsannn naxonrcx n
Fpmccene, Fentrnx.
H.eui (28): Anannx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx,
Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr,
Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx,
CBA, Typnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nato.int/>
Cone1 enpo-a1nan1nuecxoro nap1nepc1na (CEAH)
B pamxax CEAH nx nanora n xoncyntrann oennent crpant unent
HATO n crpant, yuacrnymmne n nporpamme Haprnepcrno pan mnpa. On cny-
xnr ome nonnrnuecxo ocnono nx nporpammt nycroponnero corpynnuecr-
na n pamxax Haprnepcrna pan mnpa.
H.eui (50): unent HATO, Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Focnnx n
Iepneronnna, Ipysnx, Hpnannx, Kasaxcran, Ktprtscran, FRP Maxeonnx,
Mantra, Monona, Poccnx, Cepnx, Taxnxncran, Typxmenncran, Yxpanna, Yse-
xncran, unnnxnnx, uepnoropnx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_49276.htm>
Kounccnn HATOIpysnn (KHI)
KHI tna cosana n cenrxpe 2008 r. xax ]opym nx nonnrnuecxnx xoncyntrann
n npaxrnuecxoro corpynnuecrna c nentm nomout Ipysnn onrtcx unencrna n
HATO.
Yuacrnnxn (29): unent HATO n Ipysnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_52131.htm>
Cone1 PoccnnHATO (CPH)
CPH yupexen n 2002 r. n xauecrne mexannsma nx xoncyntrann, ocrnxennx
xoncencyca, corpynnuecrna n npnnxrnx conmecrntx pemenn n ecrnn no no-
npocam esonacnocrn. Ocooe nnnmanne yenxercx onacrxm, xoropte onpeene-
nt n Ocnonononarammem axre o nsanmntx ornomennxx corpynnuecrna n eso-
nacnocrn mexy Poccne n HATO or 1997 r., a raxxe corpynnuecrny n nontx
c]epax, raxnx xax opta c reppopnsmom, yperynnponanne xpnsncon n nepacnpo-
crpanenne.
V:acmuuru (29): unent HATO n Poccnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nato-russia-council.info/>
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

547
Kounccnn HATOYxpanna (KHY)
KHY yupexena n 1997 r. nx xoncyntrann no nonnrnuecxnm nonpocam n no-
npocam esonacnocrn, npeornpamennx n paspemennx xon]nnxron, nepacnpo-
crpanennx, +xcnopra noopyxenn n nepeaun rexnonornn, a raxxe pyrnm nonpo-
cam, npecrannxmmnm omn nnrepec.
V:acmuuru (29): unent HATO n Yxpanna.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50319.htm>
Koncynt1a1nnnan xounccnn no o1xpm1ouy ney (KKOH)
KKOH yupexena n coornercrnnn c oronopom no orxptromy ney or 1992 r. nx
paspemennx nonpocon conmennx +roro oronopa.
V:acmuuru oeoeopa no omrpimo+y ueoy (34): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.osce.org/oscc/>
Oprannsannn no conuec1non paspao1xe noopyaennn (OCPB)
OCPB cosana Bennxopnranne, upannne, Iepmanne n Hranne n 1996 r., npa-
nonoe nonoxenne ee tno saxpenneno n 2001 r. Ee nent coecrnne peannsannn
onee +]]exrnnntx n ecrnenntx cornamenn no ynpannennm nporpammamn co-
rpynnuecrna n paspaorxe noopyxenn. Bra-xnaprnpa Oprannsannn naxonrcx n
Fonne, Iepmannx.
H.eui (6): Fentrnx, Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, Hrannx, Hcnannx, upannnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.occar-ea.org/>
Aren1c1no no sanpemennm nepnoro opyann n Aa1nncxon Auepnxe n Kapn-
cxou accenne (OHAHAA)
OHAHAH yupexeno n 1967 r. n coornercrnnn c oronopom Tnarenonxo nx peme-
nnx, conmecrno c MAIAT3, nonpocon, xacammnxcx conmennx +roro oronopa.
Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Mexnxo, Mexcnxa.
V:acmuuru oeoeopa T.ame.o.ro (33): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.opanal.org/>
Oprannsannn sa euoxpa1nuecxoe n +xonounuecxoe pasnn1ne IYAM
IYAM, ncropnx nosnnxnonennx xoropo nocxonr x 1997 r., xnnxercx rpynno ns
uertpex rocyapcrn, nent oennennx xoroptx noepxanne cranntnocrn n yx-
pennenne esonacnocrn. Oprannsannx cosana n 2006 r. Ee unent n pamxax noctmn
paounx rpynn corpynnuamr n onacrn coecrnnx connantnomy n +xonomnuecxo-
my pasnnrnm, a raxxe ropronne. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n Knene, Yxpanna.
H.eui (4): Asepaxan, Ipysnx, Monona, Yxpanna.
Beo-cam: <http://guam-organization.org/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

548
Oprannsannn no esonacnoc1n n co1pynnuec1ny n Enpone (OBCE)
OFCE nauana cnom paory n 1973 r. xax Conemanne no esonacnocrn n corpynnue-
crny n Enpone (CFCE). B 1995 r. CFCE tno npeopasonano n oprannsannm n nepe-
nmenonano n OFCE. Oprannsannx xnnxercx ocnonntm nncrpymenrom oecneuennx
xomnnexcno n ocnonanno na corpynnuecrne esonacnocrn n nenxx pannero npe-
ynpexennx, npeornpamennx xon]nnxron, ynpannennx xpnsncamn n nocrxon-
]nnxrnoro noccranonnennx n coornercrnymmem ee pernone. Bra-xnaprnpa naxo-
nrcx n Bene, Ancrpnx. B Tpoxy OFCE nomnmo ecrnymmero npecearenx
OFCE nxoxr npetymn n nocneymmn npecearenn. Ee uopym no corpynn-
uecrny n onacrn esonacnocrn (uCF) sannmaercx nonpocamn xonrponx na noopy-
xennxmn n ocymecrnnennx mep yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnocrn. B pamxax
OFCE cosano necxontxo yupexenn, nce onn naxoxrcx n Enpone.
V:acmuuru (56): Anannx, Anoppa, Apmennx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct,
Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx,
Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa,
Knnp, Kasaxcran, Ktprtscran, Harnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP
Maxeonnx, Mantra, Monona, Monaxo, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryra-
nnx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Can-Mapnno, Cepnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Taxnxn-
cran, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Yxpanna, Ysexncran, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopna-
rnx, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.osce.org/>
Mnncxan rpynna
Mnncxax rpynna noepxnnaer Mnncxn nponecc nocroxnno ecrnymmn ]opym
nx neperonopon no mnpnomy yperynnponannm xon]nnxra n Haropnom Kapaaxe.
V:acmuuru: Apmennx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Iepmannx, Hrannx, Poccnx*, CBA*,
Typnnx, unnnxnnx, upannnx*, Bnennx, Tpoxa OFCE.
* Hpecrannrenn +rnx rpex rocyapcrn conpecearenn rpynnt.
Beo-cam: <http://www.osce.org/mg/>
Oprannsannn auepnxancxnx rocyapc1n (OAI)
OAI rpynna rocyapcrn Cenepno n Rxno Amepnxn, npnnxnmnx n 1948 r. Ycran
n nenxx yxpennennx mnpa n esonacnocrn n 3ananom nonymapnn. Ienepantnt cex-
perapnar oprannsannn pacnonoxen n Bamnnrrone, CBA.
H.eui (35): Anrnrya n Fapya, Aprenrnna, Faramt, Fapaoc, Fenns, Fonnnnx,
Fpasnnnx, Benecy+na, Ipenaa, Inaremana, Iaana, Ianrn, Ionypac, omnnnxa,
omnnnxancxax Pecnynnxa, Kanaa, Konymnx, Kocra-Pnxa, Kya*, Mexcnxa, Hn-
xaparya, Hanama, Haparna, Hepy, Cantnaop, Cenr-Knrc n Hennc, Cenr- Hmcnx,
Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Cypnnam, CBA, Tpnnna n Toaro, Ypyrna, unnn,
3xnaop, maxa.
* B coornercrnnn c pesonmnne or 3 nmnx 2009 r. npexparnna cnoe ecrnne pesonmnnx
1962 r. o ncxnmuennn Kyt ns cocrana OAI; cornacno pesonmnnn 2009 r. yuacrne Kyt n
Oprannsannn yer nosononneno n xoe nponecca nanora. Kya orxasanact or yuacrnx
n exrentnocrn OAI.
Beo-cam: <http://www.oas.org/>
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

549
Oprannsannn +xonounuecxoro co1pynnuec1na c1pan Hepnouopcxoro pernona
(O3CH)
O3Cu yupexena n 1992 r. Ee nent oecneunnart mnp, cranntnocrt n nponnera-
nne n uepnomopcxom pernone, cnococrnonart pasnnrnm +xonomnuecxoro corpynn-
uecrna n nporpecca. Hocroxnnt cexperapnar naxonrcx n Cramyne, Typnnx.
H.eui (12): Anannx, Apmennx, Asepaxan, Fonrapnx, Ipysnx, Ipennx, Monona,
Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cepnx, Typnnx, Yxpanna.
Beo-cam: <http://www.bsec-organization.org/>
mopyu oc1ponon Tnxoro oxeana
uopym cosan n 1971 r. rpynno rocyapcrn, pacnonoxenntx n mxno uacrn Tnxoro
oxeana, npenoxnnmnx cosart sony, cnoonym or xepnoro opyxnx n mxno uac-
rn Tnxoro oxeana, uro tno cenano n pesyntrare oronopa Paporonra or 1985 r.
Homnmo xonrponx sa conmennem +roro oronopa uopym cnyxnr nnomaxo nx
ne]opmantnoro ocyxennx mnpoxoro xpyra nonpocon. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n r.
Cana, unxn.
H.eui (16): Ancrpannx, Banyary, Knpnarn, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Mnxponesnx,
Haypy, Honax 3enannx, Hny+, Ocrpona Kyxa, Hanay, HanyaHonax Innnex, Camoa,
Conomonont Ocrpona, Tonra, Tynany, unxn.
Beo-cam: <http://www.forumsec.org/>
Cone1 pernonantnoro co1pynnuec1na (CPC)
CPC tn cosan n 2008 r. n xauecrne npeemnnxa Haxra cranntnocrn nx Rro-
Bocrouno Enpont, cosannoro no nnnnnarnne EC n xoe Kon]epennnn 1999 r. no
Rro-Bocrouno Enpone. On cnococrnyer nsanmnomy corpynnuecrny n nnrerpannn
crpan Rro-Bocrouno Enpont n enpo-arnanrnuecxne crpyxrypt c nentm coecrno-
nart pasnnrnm pernona nx nara nacenxmmnx ero napoon. Coner xonnenrpnpyer
nnnmanne n mecrn npnopnrerntx onacrxx: +xonomnuecxoe n connantnoe pasnnrne,
+neprernxa n nn]pacrpyxrypa, npanocyne n nnyrpennxx nonnrnxa, corpynnuecrno
n onacrn oecneuennx esonacnocrn, cosanne uenoneuecxoro xannrana, corpynn-
uecrno mexy napnamenramn. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n Capaeno, a Koopnnannon-
nt o]nc n Fpmccene.
H.eui (46): Anannx, Ancrpnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Fanx pasnnrnx
Conera Enpont, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Bcemnpnt anx, Iepmannx, Ipennx,
annx, Enponecxn nnnecrnnnonnt anx, Enponecxn anx pexoncrpyxnnn n
pasnnrnx, Enponecxn coms, E3K OOH, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hnnnnarnna
corpynnuecrna crpan Rro-Bocrouno Enpont, Kanaa, Harnnx, FRP Maxeonnx,
Mexynaponax oprannsannx no mnrpannn, Mnccnx OOH no enam npemenno a-
mnnncrpannn n Kocono, Monona, HATO, Hopnernx, OOH, Oprannsannx no esonac-
nocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone, O3CP, Hontma, Hporpamma pasnnrnx OOH, Py-
mtnnx, Coner Enpont, Cepnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, unnnxnnx,
upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, uepnoropnx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.rcc.int/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

550
manxancxan oprannsannn co1pynnuec1na (mOC)
Hpemecrnennnna Oprannsannn Banxacxax nxrepxa, cosannax n 1996 r., tna
nepenmenonana n BOC n 2001 r. BOC orxptra nx unencrna ncex rocyapcrn, pas-
enxmmnx ee nenn. Iocyapcrna-unent corpynnuamr no nonpocam mep yxpennennx
onepnx, pernonantno esonacnocrn n n +xonomnuecxo c]epe. Cexperapnar BOC
naxonrcx n Hexnne, Knra.
H.eui (6): Kasaxcran, Knra, Ktprtscran, Poccnx, Taxnxncran, Ysexncran.
Beo-cam: <http://www.sectsco.org/>
mec1nc1oponnne neperonopm
uopym nx mnorocroponnnx neperonopon no xepno nporpamme Cenepno Kopen.
Heperonopt npoxoxr n Hexnne no npecearentcrnom Knrax.
V:acmuuru (6): Knra, nonnx, Kopex (Cenepnax), Kopex (Rxnax), Poccnx, CBA.
Hnnnna1nna co1pynnuec1na n Kro-Boc1ounon Enpone (HC KBE)
HC RBE cosana no nnnnnarnne CBA npn xoopnnannn c EC n 1996 r. nx yxpen-
nennx corpynnuecrna n cranntnocrn n crpanax Rro-Bocrouno Enpont n coe-
crnnx nx ncrynnennm n enponecxne crpyxrypt. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n o]nce
OFCE n Bene, Ancrpnx.
H.eui (13): Anannx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Benrpnx, Ipennx, FRP Ma-
xeonnx, Monona, Pymtnnx, Cepnx, Cnonennx, Typnnx, Xopnarnx, uepnoropnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.secinet.info/>
Coomec1no no pasnn1nm Kanon Aqpnxn (CPKA)
CPRA tno cosano n 1992 r. n nenxx coecrnnx pernonantnomy +xonomnuecxomy
pasnnrnm, a raxxe peannsannn ]ynamenrantntx npnnnnnon, cnxsanntx c cynepe-
nnrerom, mnpom n esonacnocrtm, npanamn uenonexa n emoxparne. nx coecr-
nnx mnpy n esonacnocrn n pernone cosan Opran no nonpocam nonnrnxn, oopont n
corpynnuecrna n onacrn esonacnocrn. Cexperapnar naxonrcx n Iaopone, Forcna-
na.
H.eui (15): Anrona, Forcnana, 3amnx, 3nmane, Konro (emoxparnuecxax Pecny-
nnxa), Hecoro, Maaracxap*, Manann, Manpnxn, Mosamnx, Hamnnx, Cnasnnen,
Cementcxne Ocrpona, Tansannx, Rxnax A]pnxa.
* Yuacrne Maaracxapa n paore ncex opranon CPRA tno npnocranonneno n mapre 2009 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.sadc.int/>
Cypernonantnan xoncynt1a1nnnan xounccnn (CPKK)
CPKK cosana n 1996 r. n coornercrnnn c Cornamennem o cypernonantnom xonrpo-
ne na noopyxennxmn (unopenrncxnm cornamennem) xax ]opym, na xoropom yua-
crnnxn pemamr nonpoct conmennx oronopennocre.
V:acmuuru 4.opeumucroeo coe.aueuu (4): cm. ononnenne A.
Beo-cam: <http://www.osce.org/item/43725>
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

551
Coms manoauepnxancxnx nannn (YHACYP)
YHACYP xnnxercx mexnpannrentcrnenno oprannsanne, cosanno nx yxpenne-
nnx pernonantno nnrerpannn, nonnrnuecxoro nanora, +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx n
xoopnnannn n nonpocax oopont mexy rocyapcrnamn-unenamn. Yupenrentnt
oronop comsa tn nonncan n 2008 r. n ncrynnn n cnny 11 mapra 2011 r. YHACYP
nocrenenno samennr Ancxoe coomecrno n Rxnoamepnxancxn omn ptnox
(MEPKOCYP). Bra-xnaprnpa naxonrcx n Knro, 3xnaop.
V:acmuuru (12): Aprenrnna, Fonnnnx, Fpasnnnx, Benecy+na, Iaana, Konymnx, Ha-
parna, Hepy, Cypnnam, Ypyrna, unnn, 3xnaop.
Beo-cam: <http://www.unasursg.org>
Kanoauepnxancxnn cone1 ooponm (KCO)
RCO tn cosan rocyapcrnamn unenamn YHACYP n exape 2008 r. n nponen
cnoe nepnoe saceanne n mapre 2009 r. Henxmn RCO xnnxmrcx xonconnannx
Rxno Amepnxn xax sont mnpa, cosanne pernonantno nenrnunocrn n yxpen-
nennx pernonantnoro corpynnuecrna n nonpocax oopont.
V:acmuuru (12): unent YHACYP.
Beo-cam: <http://www.unasurcds.org>
3ananoenponencxnn coms (3EC)
3EC cosan n coornercrnnn c mon]nnnponanntm Fpmccentcxnm oronopom or
1954 r. Haxonrcx n Fpmccene, Fentrnx. B 2000 r. oneparnnnte ]ynxnnn 3EC (He-
repeprcxne saaun) tnn nepeant EC. B uncne saau, ocranmnxcx n neennn
3EC, xonnexrnnnte oxsarentcrna n onacrn oopont, neenne nncrnrynnonant-
noro nanora n noepxxa corpynnuecrna n onacrn noopyxenn. B coornercrnnn c
pemennem, npnnxrtm n mapre 2010 r. yuacrnnxamn oronopa, 3EC nepecran cymecr-
nonart xax mexynaponax oprannsannx c 30 nmnx 2011 r.
H.eui ua 30 umu 2011 e. (10): Fentrnx, Bennxopnrannx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Hcna-
nnx, Hrannx, Hmxcemypr, Hnepnant, Hopryrannx, upannnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.weu.int/>


III. COIHABEHH HO YKPEHHEHHR PEHMA
3KCHOPTHOIO KOHTPOH
Anc1pannncxan rpynna (AI)
Ipynna rocyapcrn ocnonana n 1985 r. n nenxx npeornpamennx npenamepennoro n
nenpenamepennoro pacnpocrpanennx marepnanon n oopyonannx, xoropte moryr
ncnontsonartcx n nporpammax cosannx xnmnuecxoro n nonornuecxoro opyxnx,
nyrem omena nn]opmanne o cnyuaxx pacnpocrpanennx n crparernxx no npornno-
ecrnnm emy, nxnmuax cornaconanne mep xonrponx sa nepeauamn.
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

552
V:acmuuru (41): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopn-
rannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Enponecxax xomnccnx, Hcnannx, Hp-
nannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Knnp, Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcem-
ypr, Mantra, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Py-
mtnnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, upannnx,
Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.australiagroup.net/>
Ipynna paspao1xn qnnanconmx uep no opte c o1umnanneu ener (mATm)
uATu mexnpannrentcrnennt npexrnnnt opran, nentm exrentnocrn xoroporo
xnnxercx ycranonnenne mexynapontx cranapron, paspaorxa n ocymecrnnenne
crparern na nannonantnom n mexynaponom yponnxx. uATu tna cosana n
1989 r. no pemennm crpan Ipynnt cemn nx nsyuennx n paspaorxn mep no opte c
ormtnannem ener. Ee manar tn pacmnpen n 2001 r. sa cuer nxnmuennx n nero
nonnomoun no npornnoecrnnm ]nnancnponannm reppopnsma, a n 2008 r. non-
nomoun no ]nnancnponannm ycnnn no npornnoecrnnm pacnpocrpanennm OMY.
Cexperapnar uATu naxonrcx n Hapnxe, upannnx.
V:acmuuru (36): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx, Bennxopnra-
nnx, Iepmannx, Ionxonr (Knra), Ipennx, annx, Enponecxax xomnccnx, Hcnannx,
Hnnx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Knra, Kopex (Rxnax), Hmxcemypr,
Mexcnxa, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Hopryrannx, Poccnx, Cnnranyp,
Coner corpynnuecrna apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro sannna, CBA, Typnnx,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.fatf-gafi.org/>
Iaarcxnn xoexc noneennn npo1nn pacnpoc1panennn annnc1nuecxnx paxe1
(IKH)
IKH tn nonncan n 2002 r. rpynno rocyapcrn, pasenxmmnx ero npnnnnnt, npe-
xe ncero xacammnecx neoxonmocrn npeornpamart pasneprtnanne cncrem an-
nncrnuecxnx paxer, cnocontx ocrannxrt x nenn opyxne macconoro ynnuroxennx,
npornnoecrnonart raxomy pasneprtnannm, n npnammnx raxoe xe snauenne yx-
pennennm mexannsmon mnorocroponnero pasopyxennx n nepacnpocrpanennx. uynx-
nnn Cexperapnara IKH ntnonnxer MH Ancrpnn n Bene.
Cmpaui, noonucaeuue IKH (134): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anoppa, Aprenrnna,
Apmennx, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fennn, Focnnx n
Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Fypxnna-uaco, Fypynn, Barnxan, Banyary, Benecy+na, Be-
nnxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iaon, Iamnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx, Iana, Ipennx, Inarema-
na, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Iaana, Ianrn, Ionypac, annx, omnnnxancxax Pec-
nynnxa, 3amnx, Hcnannx, Hopannx, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kasax-
cran, Kamoxa, Kamepyn, Kanaa, Kao-Bepe, Kennx, Knnp, Knpnarn, Kopex
(Rxnax), Konymnx, Komopcxne Ocrpona, Koueo (Pecnyo.ura), Kocra-Pnxa, Harnnx,
Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Maaracxap,
Manann, Mantnnt, Mann, Mantra, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Manpnrannx, Mnxpone-
snx, Monona, Monaxo, Monronnx, Mapoxxo, Mosamnx, Hnepnant, Honax 3enan-
nx, Hnxaparya, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Hopnernx, Ocrpona Kyxa, Hanay, Hanama, Hanya
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

553
Honax Innnex, Haparna, Hepy, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Pyana,
Cantnaop, Camoa, Can-Mapnno, Ceneran, Cepnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Cteppa-
Heone, Cuueanyp, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Cyan, Cypnnam, CBA, Taxnxncran, Tan-
sannx, Tnmop-Hemrn, Tonra, Tynnc, Typnnx, Typxmenncran, Tynany, Yrana, Yx-
panna, Ypyrna, Ysexncran, unnnnnnnt, unxn, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx,
Heumpa.iuo-Aqpuraucra Pecnyo.ura, ua, uepnoropnx, unnn, uemcxax Pecnynn-
xa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3xnaop, 3pnrpex, 3cronnx, 3]nonnx, Rxnax A]pnxa,
nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.hcoc.at/>
Peanu xon1ponn sa paxe1nmun 1exnonornnun (PKPT)
PKPT ne]opmantnax rpynna crpan, saaua xoropo xoopnnnponart nannonantnte
ycnnnx n onacrn nnnensnponannx +xcnopra, nanpannennte na npeornpamenne pac-
npocrpanennx paxerntx cncrem, cnocontx ocrannxrt opyxne macconoro ynnuro-
xennx. Yuacrnnxn Pexnma npnmenxmr Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt nepeaun uyncrnn-
rentntx paxerntx rexnonorn.
Hapmuepi (34): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx, Fonrapnx, Be-
nnxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx,
Hrannx, Kanaa, Kopex (Rxnax), Hmxcemypr, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hop-
nernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Poccnx, CBA, Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, upannnx,
uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.mtcr.info/>
Ipynna nepnmx noc1anmnxon (IRH)
IH, npexe raxxe nsnecrnax xax Hononcxn xny, tna yupexena n 1975 r. Ona
xoopnnnpyer nannonantnte cncremt +xcnoprnoro xonrponx na xepntmn mare-
pnanamn n coornercrnnn c ee Pyxonoxmnmn npnnnnnamn nepeaun xepntx mare-
pnanon (Hononcxne Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt, nnepnte cornaconant n 1978 r.), xo-
ropte coepxar xonrpontnte cnncxn marepnanon, nepeaua xoroptx npnnonr n
ecrnne rapanrnn MAIAT3 n cnyuae, ecnn onn +xcnoprnpymrcx nx mnpnoro npn-
menennx n xaxne-nno rocyapcrna, ne nmemmne xepnoro opyxnx, n Pyxonoxmnmn
npnnnnnamn nepeaun oopyonannx, marepnanon, nporpammnoro oecneuennx n
cnxsanno c nnmn rexnonornn nonoro nasnauennx, nmemmnx ornomenne x xep-
no c]epe (Bapmancxne Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt).
V:acmuuru (46): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fenapyct, Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx,
Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hcnannx, Hpnan-
nx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa, Kasaxcran, Knra, Knnp, Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx,
Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, Mantra, Hnepnant, Honax 3enannx, Hopnernx, Hontma,
Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, Yxpanna, unn-
nxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx,
Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/>
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012

554
Hnnnna1nna no esonacnoc1n n opte c pacnpoc1panenneu OMY (HBOP)
HFOP ntnnnyra CBA n 2003 r. n xnnxercx mnorocroponnnm ]opymom, nanenen-
ntm na corpynnuecrno npanooxpannrentntx opranon nx npeceuennx n xon]ncxa-
nnn nesaxonnoro opyxnx macconoro ynnuroxennx, paxerntx rexnonorn n cnxsan-
ntx c nnmn marepnanon, onapyxenntx npn rpancnoprnponxe nasemntm, nosym-
ntm, mopcxnm rpancnoprom. 3axnnenne o npnnnnnax nepexnara tno npnnxro n
2003 r. HFOP ne nmeer cexperapnara, no ero exrentnocrt xoopnnnpyer oneparnn-
nax rpynna +xcnepron.
V:acmuuru (98): A]ranncran, Anannx, Anrona, Anoppa, Anrnrya n Fapya, Apren-
rnna *, Apmennx, Ancrpannx *, Ancrpnx, Asepaxan, Faramcxne Ocrpona, Faxpen,
Fenapyct, Fenns, Fentrnx, Focnnx n Iepneronnna, Fpyne-apyccanam, Fonrapnx, Ba-
nyary, Barnxan, Bennxopnrannx *, Benrpnx, Ipysnx, Iepmannx *, Ipennx *, Iony-
pac, annx *, xnyrn , Hopannx, Hcnannx, Hpax, Hpnannx, Hspannt, Hcnannx
*, Hrannx *, Hemen, Kasaxcran, Kamoxa, Kanaa *, Karap, Knnp, Konymnx, Ko-
pex (Rxnax) *, Ktprtscran, Kyner, Harnnx, Hnepnx, Hnnnx, Hnxrenmren, Hnrna
, Hmxcemypr, FRP Maxeonnx, Mantra, Mapoxxo, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Monona,
Monronnx, Hnepnant *, Honax 3enannx *, Hopnernx *, Oennennte Apa-
cxne 3mnpart, Oman, Hanama, HanyaHonax Innnex, Haparna, Hontma *, Hopry-
rannx *, Poccnx, Pymtnnx *, Cantnaop, Cenr-Bnncenr n Ipenannt, Camoa, Can-
Mapnno, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cepnx, Cnnranyp *, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennn , CBA *,
Taxnxncran, Tynnc, Typnnx *, Typxmenncran, Ysexncran, Yxpanna , unnnnnnnt,
unxn, unnnxnnx, upannnx *, Xopnarnx , unnn, uepnoropnx, uemcxax Pecnynn-
xa , Bpn-Hanxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, 3cronnx, nonnx *.
* unen oneparnnno rpynnt +xcnepron.
Crpant, na reppnropnn xoroptx npononnnct yuennx HFOP n nepno 20032010 rr. B
reuenne 2011 r. yuennx ne npononnnct.
Beo-cam: Iocyapcrnennt enapramenr CBA <http://www.state.gov/t/isn/c10390.htm>
Baccenaapcxne oronopennoc1n (B)
Baccenapcxne oronopennocrn o +xcnoprnom xonrpone na otuntmn noopyxe-
nnxmn n ronapamn n rexnonornxmn nonoro nasnauennx tnn o]nnnantno o]opm-
nent n 1996 r. Hx nent npeornpamenne npnoperennx noopyxenn, uyncrnnrent-
ntx ronapon n rexnonorn nonoro nasnauennx, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsona-
nt n noenntx nenxx rocyapcrnamn, ute noneenne ntstnaer osaouennocrt y
rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon B. Cexperapnar B naxonrcx n Bene, Ancrpnx.
V:acmuuru (40): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fonrapnx, Bennxopn-
rannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kanaa,
Kopex (Rxnax), Harnnx, Hnrna, Hmxcemypr, Mantra, Hnepnant, Honax 3enan-
nx, Hopnernx, Hontma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA,
Typnnx, Yxpanna, unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx,
Bnenapnx, 3cronnx, Rxnax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Hpu+e:auue: xpome roro, Mexcnxa crana rocyapcrnom yuacrnnxom B 25 xnnapx 2012 r.
Beo-cam: <http://www.wassenaar.org/>.
MEVHAPOHBE OPIAHH3AHHH

555
Koun1e1 Hanrepa
Komnrer xepntx +xcnoprepon (Komnrer Hanrepa), cosannt n 19711974 rr.,
npecrannxer coo rpynny crpan xepntx nocranmnxon, xoropte naxt n ro
nponoxr ne]opmantnte ncrpeun n nenxx xoopnnannn mep xonrponx sa +xcnoprom
xepntx marepnanon n coornercrnnn c perynxpno ononnxemtm xonrpontntm cnn-
cxom ronapon, xoropte, n cnyuae nx +xcnopra, onxnt crart npemerom rapanrn
MAIAT3. ononnxer exrentnocrt Ipynnt xepntx nocranmnxon.
H.eui (38): Aprenrnna, Ancrpannx, Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fenapyct, Fonrapnx, Bennxo-
pnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, annx, Hpnannx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Kasax-
cran, Kanaa, Knra, Kopex (Rxnax), Hmxcemypr, Hnepnant, Hopnernx, Hont-
ma, Hopryrannx, Pymtnnx, Poccnx, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, CBA, Typnnx, Yxpanna,
unnnxnnx, upannnx, Xopnarnx, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, Bnennx, Bnenapnx, Rx-
nax A]pnxa, nonnx.
Beo-cam: <http://www.zanggercommittee.org/>
OHOAHEHHE C. XPOHOHOIH 2011


Henne FOEHH


B xpononornn npnnoxrcx nanonee naxnte cotrnx 2011 r., xacammnecx noo-
pyxenn, pasopyxennx n mexynapono esonacnocrn. art coornercrnymr mecr-
nomy npemenn. Knmuente cnona sanecent n npanym uacrt crpannnt. Pacmn]ponxa
coxpamenn naxonrcx na crp. XXI-XXVI.

9 xnn.
Orxptnamrcx nsnparentnte yuacrxn nx nponee-
nnx pe]epenyma no nonpocy nesanncnmocrn Rxno-
ro Cyana or Cyana. Pe]epenym xnnxercx pesynt-
rarom Bceoemnmmero mnpnoro cornamennx, xoro-
poe npeocrannno mry npano na camoonpeenenne.
Cyan;
Rxnt Cyan
10 xnn.
Facxcxax cenaparncrcxax rpynnnponxa 3ycxan ra
Asxaracyna (3TA, Ponna n cnooa Facxon)
oxnnxer nocroxnnoe n nceomee npexpamenne
ornx, uro moxer trt nepn]nnnpyemo co cropont
mexynaponoro coomecrna. Fonee 800 uenonex
tnn ynrt n pesyntrare nacnntcrnenntx ecrnn
oprannsannn 3TA co npemenn ee cosannx n 1968 r.
Hcnannx
11 xnn.
Hpecearent Bcexnracxoro copannx napontx
npecrannrene Xy Hsnntrao nornepxaer, uro
tn nponeen nepnt ncntrarentnt noner peax-
rnnnoro ncrpenrenx rnna Crenc (J-20) nocne ro-
ro, xax oruert o ncntrannn n ]ororpa]nn nporo-
rnna camonera noxnnnnct na xnracxnx necarax.
Knra; annannx
14 xnn.
uepes necxontxo neent nocne ypntx anrnnpann-
rentcrnenntx nporecron na nce reppnropnn Tynn-
ca npesnenr 3nn-Ant Annn Fen Ann ntnyxen
noxnnyrt crpany. Hpemtep-mnnncrp Moxamme
Iannyun saxnnxer, uro on ocranercx y nnacrn, noxa
ne cocroxrcx ntopt. Cnepxenne Fen Ann xnnxercx
nepntm cnyuaem, xora nnep apacxo crpant no-
xnnyn cno nocr nocne napontx emoncrpann.
Tynnc
18 xnn.
B pesyntrare noptna omt reppopncrom-cmepr-
nnxom npn nanaennn na nonnnecxnx nonopannen
n Tnxpnre nornnn 50 n panent 150 uenonex. 3ro
tn camt xpynnt repaxr n Hpaxe co npemenn
]opmnponannx nonoro npannrentcrna Hpaxa n e-
xape 2010 r. Hn ona ns rpynnnponox ne nsxna na
cex ornercrnennocrt sa repaxr, no on cxox c ara-
xamn oprannsannn Hcnamcxoe Iocyapcrno Hpax,
Hpax; reppopnsm
XPOHOHOIHB

557
a]]nnnponanno c Ant-Kano, ncnonnpym-
mecx n Meconoramnn.
24 xnn.
B pesyntrare nsptna n mexynaponom repmnnane
a+ponopra omoeono, Mocxna, nornnn no ment-
me mepe 35 n panent onee 130 uenonex. Hn ona
rpynnnponxa ne nsxna na cex ornercrnennocrn sa
nsptn, onaxo poccncxne o]nnnantnte nnna o-
nnnxmr ncnamcxnx oennxon c Cenepnoro Kanxasa.
Poccnx; reppo-
pnsm
25 xnn.
Hocne ypntx anrnnpannrentcrnenntx nporecron n
Tynnce ecxrxn rtcxu uenonex sanonnnnn ynnnt Kan-
pa n pyrnx ontmnx ropoon n Ernnre, rpeyx or-
cranxn npesnenra Xocnn Myapaxa. Hacnnne pocno,
n n nocneymmne neenn nauannct cronxnonennx me-
xy emoncrpanramn, noepxnnammnmn Myapaxa,
n anrnnpannrentcrnenntmn rpynnamn nporecrymmnx.
Ernner
26 xnn.
Coner ueepannn, nepxnxx nanara poccncxoro
napnamenra, oopxer oronop o mepax no antne-
memy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx
nacrynarentntx noopyxenn (Hont CHB). Io-
cyapcrnennax yma parn]nnnponana oronop 25
xnnapx, a amepnxancxn Cenar 22 exapx 2010 r.
oronop ncrynnr n cnny nocne omena parn]nxann-
onntmn rpamoramn.
Poccnx;
CBA;
xonrpont
na xepntmn
noopyxennxmn;
Hont CHB
4 ]en.
Becno 2011 r. nosononnnnct n sarem n nexoroptx
mecrax npoonxnnnct noennte cronxnonennx no
nonoy cnopno rpannnt mexy Kamoxo n Tan-
nanom. 4 max tno cornaconano npexpamenne ornx:
Hnonesnx, ecrnymmax xax npecearent Acco-
nnannn crpan Rro-Bocrouno Asnn (ACEAH), nt-
raercx ocymecrnnrt nocpennuecrno, n 6 max oe
cropont cornacontnamr ycnonnx nocpennuecrna
nx nnonesncxo rpynnt nanmarene.
ACEAH; Kam-
oxa; Tannan
5 ]en.
oronop o mepax no antnememy coxpamennm n
orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noo-
pyxenn (Hont CHB) ncrynaer n cnny, nocne
roro xax Poccnx n CBA omenxnnct parn]nxann-
onntmn rpamoramn.
Poccnx; CBA;
xonrpont
na xepntmn
noopyxennxmn;
Hont CHB
7 ]en.
Hpesnenr Cyana Omap ant Famnp oxnnxer, uro
npannrentcrno Cyana npnsnaer pesyntrart npo-
memero 9 xnnapx pe]epenyma no nonpocy o nesa-
nncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana, n xoropom npnnxnn
yuacrne oxono 99% saperncrpnponanntx yuacrnn-
xon ronoconannx. Rxnt Cyan craner nesanncn-
mtm n nmne 2011 r.
Cyan;
Rxnt Cyan
910 ]en.
B mrare xonrnn nponsomnn noopyxennte cronx-
nonennx mexy Hapono-ocnoonrentno apmne
Rxnt Cyan
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 558

Cyana n cnnamn noncrannen, nepntx renepany
xopxy Asopy, n pesyntrare xoroptx nornnn
oxono 200 uenonex. Fon xnnxmrcx napymennem co-
rnamennx o mecxunom nepemnpnn, nonncannoro sa
necxontxo ne o pe]epenyma 9 xnnapx no nonpo-
cy o nesanncnmocrn Rxnoro Cyana.
11 ]en.
Hocne neent nporecron npesnenr Ernnra Xocnn
Myapax ntnyxen orxasartcx or nnacrn.
Ernner
1622 ]en.
Fypnte anrnnpannrentcrnennte nporecrt n perno-
ne Cpenero Bocroxa n Cenepno A]pnxn ocrnra-
mr Hnnnn; n pxe ropoon nponcxoxr emoncrpa-
nnn, nanpannennte npornn pexnma Myammapa Ka-
a]n. Cornn uenonex tnn ynrt n panent 21
]enpanx, xora npannrentcrnennte cnnt oxasann
npornnoecrnne nporecrymmnm n Tpnnonn n Fen-
rasn. Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ocyxaer nacnnne
n ncnontsonanne cnnt npornn rpaxancxoro nace-
nennx n penpeccnn npornn mnpntx emoncrpan-
ron n ntpaxaer rnyoxoe coxanenne n cnxsn c
rnentm coren rpaxancxnx nnn. 22 ]enpanx Ka-
a]n saxnnxer, uro xaxt, xro ncnontsyer cnny
npornn rocyapcrnenno nnacrn yer npnronopen x
cmeprno xasnn.
Hnnnx
26 ]en.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 1970, xoropax rpeyer nonoxnrt xonen
nacnnnm npornn rpaxancxnx emoncrpanron n Hn-
nnn, nepeaer paccmorpenne cnryannn n Mexyna-
pont yrononnt cy (MYC), naxnatnaer +map-
ro na nocranxn opyxnx n Hnnnm n sanper na noes-
xn n +ry crpany, a raxxe samopaxnnaer anxoncxne
cuera cemtn Myammapa Kaa]n n unenon ero npa-
nnrentcrna.
OOH; MYC;
Hnnnx;
+mapro
na nocran-
xn opyxnx
28 ]en.
Coner Enponecxoro comsa npnnnmaer mept, orpa-
nnunnammne ropronnm c Hnnne, nxnmuammne
+mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, sanpemenne noesox n
+ry crpany, samopaxnnanne anxoncxnx cueron ce-
mtn Myammapa Kaa]n n unenon ero npannrentcrna.
EC; Hnnnx;
+mapro
na nocran-
xn opyxnx
1 map.
Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH npnocranannnnaer
unencrno Hnnnn n Conere OOH no npanam uenonexa
n cnxsn c rpytmn n cncremarnuecxnmn napyme-
nnxmn npan uenonexa.
OOH; Hnnnx
8 map.
Oxecrouennte cronxnonennx mexy nporecrym-
mnmn n cnnamn, nepntmn Myammapy Kaa]n, n r.
3s-3annx npnnenn x ecxrxam ynrtx n mnoxecrny
panentx. Cronxnonennx, xoropte nauannct 16 ]en-
panx, npoonxamrcx no nce Hnnnn, nocxontxy
Hnnnx
XPOHOHOIHB

559
Kaa]n ntraercx nepnyrt xonrpont na ropoamn,
yepxnnaemtmn cnnamn noncrannen, ncnontsyx
nosymnte yapt, ranxn n aprnnnepnm.
12 map.
B pesyntrare paspymnrentnoro semnerpxcennx n ny-
namn n cenepno uacrn nonnn, npnnemnx 11 mapra
x rnenn 18 400 uenonex, xepnte peaxropt aromno
+nexrpocrannnn uyxycnma anun tnn uacrnuno
paspyment, uro n cnom ouepet ntsnano px nspt-
non. Hoxnnnnct panoaxrnnnte ntpoct, n nacene-
nne tno +naxynponano ns annoro paona. Bcnecr-
nne xaracrpo]t mnorne crpant nepeonennnamr cnon
xepnte +neprernuecxne nporpammt, a anrnxepnte
emoncrpannn npoxoxr n rnoantnom macmrae.
nonnx;
epnax +neprnx
12 map.
Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn opamaercx x Conery
Fesonacnocrn OOH c npocto cosart ecnoner-
nym sony na Hnnne nx samnrt rpaxancxoro
nacenennx. 3ro npnocranannnnaer unencrno Hnnnn
n anno oprannsannn n orxptnaer nosmoxnocrn
nx xonraxron c noncranuecxnmn cnnamn uepes Hn-
nncxn nannonantnt nepexont coner (HHHC).
Hnnnx;
HAI
14 map.
Hecxontxo neent cnycrx nocne anrnnpannrentcr-
nenntx nporecron n Maname npannrentcrno Fax-
pena rpeyer nomomn or Conera corpynnuecrna
apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro sannna
(CCAIH3) n nnxnnannn ecnopxxon. Bocxa t-
nn npeocrannent Cayoncxo Apanne n Oen-
nenntmn Apacxnmn 3mnparamn. Px nporecrym-
mnx tnn ynrt nnn panent.
CCAIH3;
Faxpen
17 map.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH npnnnmaer Pesonmnnm
1973 ecxrtm ronocamn sa, npn nxrn nosepxan-
mnxcx Fpasnnnx, Knra, Iepmannx, Hnnx, Poc-
cnx. Pesonmnnx oopxer cosanne ecnonerno
sont na Hnnne n ynonnomounnaer nce rocyapcr-
na unent OOH, ecrnyx nnnnnyantno nnn ue-
pes mexynaponte oprannsannn, ncnontsonart nce
neoxonmte cpecrna, urot samnrnrt rpaxan-
cxoe nacenenne or yrpost araxn n Hnnnn, nxnmuax
Fenrasn. Pesonmnnx ncxnmuaer ornpanxy nmtx
nnocrpanntx oxxynannonntx nocx n xaxym-nno
uacrt Hnnnn.
OOH;
Hnnnx
18 map.
Hocne npnnxrnx Conerom Fesonacnocrn OOH Peso-
nmnnn 1973 or 17 mapra mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en
Hnnnn Mycca Kycca saxnnxer o nemenennom npe-
xpamennn ornx n ocranonxe ncex noenntx onepa-
nn. Kax coomamr, n nocrouno Hnnnn npann-
rentcrnennte nocxa npoonxamr araxonart ropo-
a, yepxnnaemte cnnamn noncrannen.
Hnnnx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 560

18 map.
Cnnt esonacnocrn Hemena n croponnnxn npann-
rentcrna orxptnn oront no emoncrpanram n Cane,
n pesyntrare uero tnn ynrt no mentme mepe 40
n panent cntme 100 uenonex Hpomemax 18 mapra
anrnnpannrentcrnennax emoncrpannx, xpynnemax
ns ncex nponcxonnmnx n Hemene, crana pesyntra-
rom mnornx neent +cxanannn nporecron n nacnnnx.
Hemen
19 map.
Koannnnx, nxnmuammax Kanay, upannnm, Benn-
xopnrannm n CBA, naunnaer onepannm no cosa-
nnm ecnonerno sont na Hnnne, xoropax tna
canxnnonnponana Pesonmnne 1973 Conera Feso-
nacnocrn OOH. upannyscxne ncrpenrenn nanocxr
yap no nnnncxnm ranxam x mry or Fenrasn, n noc-
rouno Hnnnn, a pnrancxne n amepnxancxne xpt-
narte paxert araxymr nnnncxne noennte ycranon-
xn n coopyxennx nont eperono nnnnn.
OOH;
Hnnnx
23 map.
B pamxax onepannn Oennennt samnrnnx
noennte xopann n camonert HATO narpynnpymr
reppnropnantnte not Hnnnn, urot coxparnrt
norox opyxnx, cnxsanntx c nnm marepnanon n na-
emnnxon n Hnnnm n coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne
1970 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
HATO;
Hnnnx
29 map.
Pecnynnxancxne cnnt nperenenra na npesnenr-
cxn nocr Anaccana Yarrapt saxnarnnn xonrpont
na pxom ropoon n Kor-'Hnyape n nocrynamr x
cronnne Anxany, xoropax yepxnnaercx noopy-
xenntmn cnnamn, noxntntmn ecrnymmemy npe-
snenry Hopany Iaro. Yarrapa tn oxnnen no-
enrenem na npesnenrcxnx ntopax 28 noxpx
2010 r., no Iaro orxasancx npnsnart nopaxenne.
Cronxnonennx mexy croponnnxamn nperenenron
na npesnenrcxn nocr ycnnnnnct. 7 exapx 2010 r.
3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno crpan 3anano A]pnxn
(3KOBAC) npnsnano Yarrapy noenrenem, no no-
ntrxn A]pnxancxoro comsa n 3KOBAC paspemnrt
xpnsnc mnpntmn cpecrnamn nponannnnct.
Kor-'Hnyap
29 map.
B pesyntrare npomemnx 4 ]enpanx npesnenrcxnx
ntopon, cocroxnmnxcx nocne nourn 50 ner noenno-
ro npannennx, x nnacrn n Mtxnme npnmen nont
rpaxancxn npesnenr Ten Cen nmecre c nymx
nnne-npesnenramn. Hpexnxx npanxmax crpyxrypa
Iocyapcrnennt coner mnpa n pasnnrnx (ICMP)
o]nnnantno pacnymen.
Mtxnma
30 map.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 1975, nanarammym npxmte canxnnn
npornn npesnenra Kor-'Hnyapa Hopana Iaro n
ero croponnnxon. 31 mapra xpynnte noennte cronx-
OOH;
Kor-'Hnyap
XPOHOHOIHB

561
nonennx nponcxoxr n Anxane. Ho onenxam OOH,
n noopyxenntx cronxnonennxx c noxpx 2010 r. t-
nn ynrt cntme 500 uenonex, n onee 1 mnn ueno-
nex tnn ntnyxent noxnnyrt mecra npoxnnannx.
31 map.
Cenepoarnanrnuecxn antxnc n ero comsnnxn nepe-
xnartnamr nnnnnarnny n noenno onepannn O-
ennennt samnrnnx, npononmo n Hnnnn co-
rnacno Pesonmnnn 1973 Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH
n nenxx samnrt rpaxancxnx nnn n paonon c rpa-
xancxnm nacenennem, naxoxmnxcx no yrposo
nanaennx co cropont pexnma Myammapa Kaa]n.
HATO;
Hnnnx
1 anp.
Hocne coxxennx 20 mapra Kopana xpncrnancxnmn
+xcrpemncramn n pennrnosnom nenrpe Dove World
Outreach Center no unopne rtcxun nporecrymmnx
mrypmymr reppnropnm Mnccnn OOH no coecr-
nnm A]ranncrany (MOOHCA) n Masapn-Bapn]e.
Ho xpane mepe 20 uenonex tnn ynrt. Macco-
nte nporecrt npoxoxr n A]ranncrane n reuenne
necxontxnx ne.
OOH;
A]ranncran
1 anp.
Pnuap Ioncroyn, rnana Mnccnn 2009 r. no ntxn-
nennm ]axron n cnxsn c xon]nnxrom n Iase Conera
OOH no npanam uenonexa, orxastnaercx or nexoro-
ptx ntnoon, cenanntx n oxnae mnccnn no no-
noy nnrencnnnoro ocrpena Hspannem rpaxan-
cxoro nacenennx n xoe xon]nnxra. 14 anpenx rpn
pyrnx unena mnccnn xpnrnxymr Ioncroyna n sa-
xnnxmr, uro onn ne yuacrnonann n nororonxe nt-
noon oxnaa.
OOH; Hspannt;
nanecrnnnt,
noennte
npecrynnennx
2 anp.
Mexynaponte rymannrapnte oprannsannn coo-
mamr, uro pesnx n m+xy+, n xoropo nornnn ne
menee 800 uenonex, tna ocymecrnnena Pecnynn-
xancxnmn cnnamn, noxntntmn Anaccany Yarrape.
Yncrna, npenonoxnrentno, nponsomnn mexy
27 n 29 mapra n xoe mex+rnnuecxnx cronxnonenn.
Kor-'Hnyap
4 anp.
Camoner Mnccnn OOH no crannnsannn n emo-
xparnuecxo Pecnynnxe Konro (MOOHCPK) pas-
nnaercx no npemx nocaxn npn nnoxnx norontx
ycnonnxx n Knnmace, n pesyntrare uero nornnn 32
uenonexa. 3ro tn camt xymn nnnnenr ns unc-
na annaxaracrpo], xora-nno nponcxonnmnx c
camoneramn mnccn OOH.
OOH;
PK
4 anp.
Bocxa OOH, nponoxmne onepannm n Kor-
'Hnyape, noepxannte ]pannyscxnmn noopyxen-
ntmn cnnamn, nponoxr noennym onepannm n ara-
xymr cxnat opyxnx n noennom narepe npesnenra
Hopana Iaro n Anxane. Ienepantnt cexpe-
OOH;
Kor-'Hnyap
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 562

rapt OOH Han In Myn an yxasanne cnnam OOH
npnnxrt nce neoxonmte mept, urot npeor-
nparnrt ncnontsonanne rxxentx noopyxenn npo-
rnn rpaxancxoro nacenennx.
10 anp.
A]pnxancxn coms noctnaer n Hnnnm npecrann-
rene ns emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxn Konro, Ma-
nn, Manpnrannn, Rxno A]pnxn n Yrant nx
neperonopon o opoxno xapre no nepexoy x mn-
py, nxnmuamme nemenennoe npexpamenne ornx,
npnocranonxy nosymntx yapon HATO n nepero-
nopt o ocrnxennn nonnrnuecxoro pemennx no no-
noy xon]nnxra n Hnnnn. Myammap Kaa]n npn-
nnmaer opoxnym xapry, onaxo npecrannxmmn
noncranuecxne cnnt Hannonantnt nepexont co-
ner (HHC) ornepraer ee, nocxontxy ona ne rpeyer
nemenennoro orxasa npanxmero pexnma or nnacrn.
AC;
Hnnnx
11 anp.
Hocne nanecennx 10 anpenx neproneramn OOH ya-
pon no pesnennnn npesnenra Kor-'Hnyapa Hopa-
na Iaro Pecnynnxancxne cnnt, noxntnte Anac-
cany Yarrape n noepxannte noopyxenntmn cn-
namn upannnn n OOH, saxnartnamr n apecrontnamr
Iaro.
Kor-'Hnyap
1315 anp.
Ha nnenapno ncrpeue n Fy+noc-Apece, Aprenrnna,
yuacrnnxn Pexnma xonrponx sa paxerntmn rexno-
nornxmn (PKPT) cornamamrcx ycnnnrt corpynnue-
crno co crpanamn neyuacrnnnamn Pexnma n nonpo-
ce paxernoro nepacnpocrpanennx n nouepxnnamr
naxnocrt xonrponx na rpansnrom n nepenosxamn.
PKPT
19 anp.
Hocne mecxna anrnnpannrentcrnenntx nporecron c
npnmenennem nacnnnx, n xoe xoroptx tnn ynrt
oxono 200 uenonex, npannrentcrno Cnpnn oxnnx-
er, uro ecrnymmn n reuenne 48 ner saxon o upes-
ntuanom nonoxennn yer ormenen. emoncrpa-
nnn npoonxamrcx.
Cnpnx
19 anp.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 1977, xoropax nponenaer manar Ko-
mnrera 1540 na 10 ner. Komnrery nopyueno nnren-
cn]nnnponart ycnnnx no oecneuennm nonno pea-
nnsannn ncemn rocyapcrnamn Pesonmnnn 1540
(2004 r.) o nepacnpocrpanennn opyxnx macconoro
ynnuroxennx, a raxxe ocymecrnnrt nonnomacmra-
nt osop cnryannn no ee peannsannn.
OOH;
OMY
20 anp.
O]nc Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no npanam ueno-
nexa (OBKHu) ocyxaer, xax tno saxnneno, no-
nropnoe ncnontsonanne xaccerntx oenpnnacon n
rxxentx noopyxenn nnnncxnmn noopyxenntmn
cnnamn n Mncypare, saxnnxx, uro ncnontsonanne +rnx
Hnnnx;
noennte
npecrynnennx
XPOHOHOIHB

563
cpecrn moxer trt paccmorpeno xax noennoe npe-
crynnenne n ceptesnoe napymenne mexynaponoro
rymannrapnoro npana.
24 anp.
ne paxert HATO nopaxamr xonrponnpyemym
Kaa]n asy Fa ant-Asnsnx n Tpnnonn. Hnnn-
cxoe npannrentcrno onnnxer HATO n nontrxe no-
xymennx na Kaa]n. 30 anpenx n xoe nroporo sa
neenm nosymnoro yapa, HATO nnont araxyer
ony ns pesnennn Kaa]n, n pesyntrare uero
nornnn unent ero cemtn.
HATO;
Hnnnx
25 anp.
Hacnnne pacnpocrpanxercx na ncm Cnpnm, n xax
mnnnmym 3000 noennocnyxamnx, noepxnnaemtx
ranxamn n rxxentm noopyxennem, orxptnamr
oront n r. apa, nenrpe anrnnpannrentcrnenntx
nporecron. O]nc Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no
npanam uenonexa (OBKHu) ocyxaer nacnnne.
Cnpnx
28 anp.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 1980, nponenammym ecrnne +mapro
na nocranxn opyxnx n Kor-'Hnyap, a raxxe sanpe-
mammym ropronnm pnnnnanramn c +ro crpano o
30 anpenx 2012 r. Hpn +rom raxxe yxastnaercx, uro
sanpert moryr trt cnxrt nnn nsmenent o +roro
cpoxa n sanncnmocrn or nporpecca n mnpnom nponecce.
OOH;
Kor-'Hnyap;
+mapro na no-
cranxn opyxnx
30 anp.
Ha nropo ncrpeue yuacrnnxon Hnnnnarnnt no ne-
pacnpocrpanennm n pasopyxennm (Non-Proliferation
and Disarmament Initiative, NPDI), xoropax tna
yupexena n cenrxpx 2010 r. ecxrtm crpanamn
Ancrpannx, Kanaa, unnn, Iepmannx, nonnx, Mex-
cnxa, Hnepnant, Hontma, Typnnx n Oennen-
nte Apacxne 3mnpart npnnnmaercx Fepnnncxoe
saxnnenne no xepnomy pasopyxennm n nepacnpo-
crpanennm, coepxamee uertpe npenoxennx n o-
nacrn xepnoro pasopyxennx n nepacnpocrpanennx.
Pasopyxenne;
xepnte noopy-
xennx
1 max
Hpesnenr CBA Fapax Oama oxnnxer, uro cnnt
cnennantnoro nasnauennx onapyxnnn n ynnn nn-
epa Ant-Kant Ycamy en Haena n Aorraa-
e, Haxncran.
CBA;
Ant-Kana
4 max
B Kanpe no pesyntraram neperonopon no +rno
npannrentcrna Ernnra nnept rnanntx nanecrnn-
cxnx nonnrnuecxnx oennenn npesnenr Hane-
crnnt Maxmy Aac (uATX) n Xane Mamaant
(XAMAC) nonnctnamr cornamenne o npnmnpennn
(noccranonnennn ornomenn), nosnonxmmee nm
c]opmnponart npemennoe oennennoe npannrent-
crno n nponecrn n reuenne roa ntopt n Cexrope
Iasa n na 3ananom epery pexn Hopan.
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn;
Ernner
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 564

9 max
B orner na xecroxoe noannenne cnpncxnmn npa-
nnrentcrnenntmn cnnamn mnpntx nporecron Coner
Enponecxoro comsa nnonr +mapro na nocranxn n
Cnpnm noopyxenn n noennoro oopyonannx, xo-
ropoe moxer trt ncnontsonano nx nnyrpennnx
penpeccn, a raxxe sanpemaer ntauy nns n samo-
paxnnaer anxoncxne cuera o]nnnantntx nnn n
rpaxan, nmemmnx cnxsn c cnpncxnm pexnmom.
EC;
+mapro na no-
cranxn opyxnx;
Cnpnx
13 max
Bsptnt om reppopncramn-cmeprnnxamn n nony-
noennom rpennponounom nenrpe n paone uapcaa
npnnoxr x rnenn no mentme mepe 70 n panennm
100 uenonex. Haxncrancxne rpynnt, nxoxmne n
nnxenne Tannan, epyr na cex ornercrnen-
nocrt n saxnnxmr, uro nsptnt xnnxmrcx mecrtm sa
cmeprt Ycamt en Haena 1 max.
Haxncran;
Teppopnsm
15 max
Ttcxun nanecrnnnen n Bocrounom Hepycannme,
Cexrope Iasa n na 3ananom epery Hopana yuacr-
nymr n emoncrpannxx, nocnxmenntx namxrno
roonmnne, nm Haxa, xora nanecrnnnt n
1948 r. tnn nsrnant c reppnropn cnoero npoxn-
nannx n tn cosan Hspannt. Hporecrymmne ncry-
namr n cronxnonennx c nspanntcxo apmne n no-
nnnne na rpannnax Hspannx c Hopanne, Hnnne
n Cnpne. Ho mentme mepe 13 uenonex tnn yn-
rt. Hspannt onnnxer Cnpnm n npononnponannn
xon]ponrannn.
Hspannt;
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn
16 max
Hpoxypop Mexynaponoro yrononnoro cya (MYC)
n Iaare, Hnepnant, o]nnnantno rpeyer opepa
na apecr nnnncxoro nnepa Myammapa Kaa]n,
ero ctna Can]a ant-Hcnama Kaa]n n rnant nn-
nncxnx pasnetnarentntx cnyx Aynnt ant-
Cenyccn n cnxsn c onnnennxmn n noenntx npecry-
nnennxx. Hpoxypop MYC saxnnxer, uro +rn rpoe,
ecrnyx n ysxom xpyre, pyxonoxr yncrnamn
mnpntx nporecranron.
MYC;
Hnnnx
17 max
Mexynapont yrononnt rpnynan no Pyane
(MYTP) n Apyme, Tansannx, npnsnaer tnmero
xomanymmero pyanncxo apmnn Anrycrnna Fn-
snmynry nnnonntm n renonne n npecrynnennxx
npornn uenoneuecrna, xoropte on conepmnn n rpax-
ancxo none 1994 r., n npnronapnnaer ero x 30
roam saxnmuennx. Fnsnmynry naxonncx no cy-
om co npemenn cnoero apecra n 2002 r.
MYTP;
Pyana
26 max
Boennt nnep ocnncxnx cepon Parxo Mnanu
apecronan cepcxo nonnnne n onnnen Mexyna-
pontm yrononntm rpnynanom no tnme Rro-
MYTFR; Focnnx
n Iepneronnna
XPOHOHOIHB

565
cnannn (MYTFR) n Iaare, Hnepnant, n noenntx
npecrynnennxx n renonne n xoe ocnncxo no-
nt 1990-x roon.
27 max
Ha ncrpeue nnepon Ipynnt noctmn (I-8) nnycr-
pnantno pasnnrtx crpan n onnne, upannnx, ocrn-
raercx cornacne nponnrt ecrnne Inoantnoro
naprnepcrna npornn pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx n
marepnanon macconoro ynnuroxennx, yupexennoro
n 2002 r., na neonpeenennt nepno nocne ncreue-
nnx ero cpoxa n 2012 r.
I-8;
OMY
31 max
Ha xon]epennnn axnnonepon n nnaentnen npe-
npnxrn ap]ypa, cocroxnmecx n oxe, Karap,
tn npnnxr oxcxn mnpnt oxymenr n xauecrne
ocnont nx nonnoro n oxonuarentnoro mnpnoro
cornamennx c nentm nonoxnrt xonen xon]nnxry n
ap]ype, Cyan.
Cyan
23 nmnx
Ha ncrpeue n Bene, Ancrpnx, yuacrnnxn Iaarcxoro
xoexca noneennx npornn pacnpocrpanennx annn-
crnuecxnx paxer (IKH) npnnercrnymr npncoenne-
nne x pexnmy Hpaxa n Henrpantno-A]pnxancxo
Pecnynnxn, n pesyntrare uero xonnuecrno crpan
yuacrnnxon pexnma ocrnrno 132.
IKH;
annncrnuecxne
paxert
3 nmnx
B pesyntrare araxn na npesnenrcxn nenrp n Cane,
Hemen, npesnenr Ann Aynna Canex tn ceptes-
no panen. Kpome nero, tnn panent nnn ynrt ne-
cxontxo unenon emencxoro pyxonocrna. Canex
ynesen nx neuennx n Cayoncxym Apannm. Hacn-
nne n Hemene c xonna max ycnnnnoct.
Hemen
10 nmnx
Yuacrnnxn Ancrpanncxo rpynnt na ncrpeue n Ha-
pnxe, upannnx, oopxmr nonoe pyxonocrno, co-
epxamee yxasannx o rom, xax npornnoecrnonart
rax nastnaemo neocxsaemo nepeaue rexnonorn.
Ancrpanncxax
rpynna
14 nmnx
Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn nynnuno xpnrnxyer
npoonxammeecx nacnnne n Cnpnn, saxnnxx, uro
ona paspaxenno n axrnnno cnenr sa xpnsncom.
HAI;
Cnpnx
20 nmnx
Ho nce Cnpnn nosnnxamr nporecrt nocne nepnoro
sa na mecxna nynnunoro ntcrynnennx npesnenra
Famapa Acaa, n xoropom on oeman nannonantnt
nanor n pe]opmt. Onnosnnnonnte cnnt saxnnxmr,
uro xax mnnnmym 1400 uenonex tnn ynrt, a
10 000 tnn apecronant nocne roro, xax n mapre
nauannct ypnte nporecrt npornn pexnma. Enpo-
necxn coms yxecrouaer +xonomnuecxne canxnnn
npornn cnpncxoro pexnma.
Cnpnx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 566

20 nmnx
Ha ncrpeue n Anc-Aee, 3]nonnx, Hapono-
ocnoonrentnoe nnxenne Cyana (HOC) n npa-
nnrentcrno Cyana nonnctnamr cornamenne o
emnnnrapnsannn cnopnoro paona Aae na rpa-
nnne c Rxntm Cyanom. Cornamenne, neperonopt
no xoropomy npoxonnn no +rno Komnccnn A]-
pnxancxoro comsa ntcoxoro yponnx no ntnonnennm
(KACBY), oopxer pasmemenne n pernone mnpo-
rnopuecxnx cnn 3]nonnn. 27 nmnx Coner Fesonac-
nocrn OOH npnnnmaer Pesonmnnm 1990, cornacno
xoropo cosamrcx Bpemennte cnnt OOH no eso-
nacnocrn nx paona Aae (BCOOHA).
A]pnxancxn
coms; OOH;
Cyan;
Rxnt Cyan
20 nmnx
Hpecrannrenn pyxonocrna HATO nornepxamr,
uro ocymecrnnennt 19 nmnx nosymnt yap no
Tpnnonn, nentm xoroporo tno ynnuroxnrt noen-
nym paxernym asy, nmecro +roro tn nanecen no
xnapranam c rpaxancxnm nacenennem n npnnen x
rnenn n panennm necxontxnx rpaxancxnx nnn.
HATO;
Hnnnx
20 nmnx
Coner Enponecxoro comsa npnnnmaer pemenne
2011/357/CESP, nanarammee +mapro na nocranxn
noopyxenn n Fenapyct c nentm yxpennrt cymecr-
nymmne canxnnn, nanoxennte na pyxonocrno crpa-
nt n orner na yxymenne n Fenapycn cnryannn c npa-
namn uenonexa, emoxparne n nepxonencrnom saxona.
EC;
Fenapyct;
+mapro na
nocranxn
noopyxenn
22 nmnx
Hpesnenr CBA Fapax Oama saxnnxer, uro CBA n
snaunrentno crenenn ocrnrnn cnonx nene n A]-
ranncrane n nnannpymr ntnecrn 10 000 noennocny-
xamnx ns crpant x xonny 2011 r. n ononnnrentno
20 000 noennocnyxamnx x nery 2012 r. 3arem co-
xpamenne yer npoonxartcx n ycrounnom pe-
xnme o 2014 r. Taxnm opasom, npononmte co-
xpamennx nocx onee macmrant, n pasnnnamrcx
onn onee tcrptmn remnamn, uem npenaranoct o
+roro noenntm pyxonocrnom.
CBA;
A]ranncran
2324 nmnx
Ha ncrpeue n Hopnexe, Hnepnant, Ipynna
xepntx nocranmnxon (IH) oronapnnaercx yxpe-
nnxrt pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt IH n onacrn ne-
peaun uyncrnnrentntx rexnonorn no oorame-
nnm n penponeccnnry.
Ipynna
xepntx no-
cranmnxon
27 nmnx
Hanara npenapnrentnoro paccneonannx Mexy-
naponoro yrononnoro cya (MYC) n Iaare, Hnep-
nant, ntaer opept na apecr Myammapa Kaa-
]n, Can]a ant-Hcnama Kaa]n n Aynnt ant-
Cenyccn no onnnennm n npecrynnennxx npornn ue-
noneuecrna (yncrno n npecneonanne) n Hnnnn.
Hpecrynnennx tnn, npenonoxnrentno, conepment
no nce Hnnnn n ]enpane 2011 r. c ncnontsonannem
rocyapcrnennoro annapara n cnn esonacnocrn.
MYC;
Hnnnx;
noennte
npecrynnennx
XPOHOHOIHB

567
29 nmnx
B xoe ncrpeun n Anc-Aee, 3]nonnx, npann-
rentcrno Cyana n Cyancxoe napono-ocnoon-
rentnoe nnxenne Cenep (HOC-C) nonnctnamr
pamounoe cornamenne nx mraron Rxnt Kopy-
]an n Ionyo Hnn, na ocnone xoroporo tnn cos-
ant Oennennt xomnrer no esonacnocrn n
Oennennt nonnrnuecxn xomnrer, urot o-
cynrt ocranmnecx nonpoct, xacammnecx esonac-
nocrn na rpannne.
Cyan
30 nmnx
3ananoenponecxn coms (3EC) npexpamaer cyme-
crnonart xax ocnonannax na oronope mexynapo-
nax oprannsannx. Ocranmnecx amnnncrparnnnte
saaun nepeant n neenne ncnomorarentnoro nen-
rpa Enponecxoro comsa.
3EC
30 nmnx
1 nmnx
Hxrt nocroxnntx unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn
OOH Knra, upannnx, Poccnx, Bennxopnrannx n
CBA ncrpeuamrcx n Hapnxe, upannnx, urot o-
cynrt, xax cneonart oxsarentcrnam, xoropte onn
ann n 2010 r. na Osopno xon]epennnn HO
(1968 r.). Onn ncrynnnn mexy coo n perynxpnt
mnorocroponnn nanor no nonpocam xepno
rpancnapenrnocrn, nponepxn n mep onepnx.
H-5;
xonrpont
na xepntm
opyxnem
8 nmnx
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 1996, cosammym 9 nmnx Mnccnm OOH
n pecnynnxe Rxnt Cyan (MOOHRC) nx yx-
pennennx mnpa n esonacnocrn. ecrnne manara
Mnccnn OOH n Cyane (MOOHC) npexpamaercx n
ror xe ent.
OOH;
Rxnt Cyan;
mnpornopuecxne
onepannn
9 nmnx
Pecnynnxa Rxnt Cyan o]nnnantno oxnnna
nesanncnmocrt na nepemonnn n nono cronnne
xya. 14 nmnx Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH npn-
snaer pecnynnxy n xauecrne 193-ro rocyapcrna
unena OOH.
Rxnt Cyan
18 nmnx
Mexynapont cy (MC) n Iaare, Hnepnant,
pemnn, uro cnopnax reppnropnx xpama Hpeax Bnxe-
ap npnnanexnr Kamoxe cornacno pemennm MC
1962 r., n uro Kamoxa n Tannan onxnt neme-
nenno ntnecrn noennt nepconan ns emnnnrapn-
sonanno sont noxpyr xpama. Oe crpant onxnt
raxxe npoonxart cnoe corpynnuecrno n pamxax
Acconnannn crpan Rro-Bocrouno Asnn (ACEAH).
Kon]nnxr noxpyr cnopno reppnropnn npoonxa-
ercx c 2008 r.
MC;
Tannan;
Kamoxa
18 nmnx
Coner Enponecxoro comsa npnnnmaer nonpanxy x
Pemennm Conera 2011/423/CFSP or 2005 r. o nano-
xennn +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx n Cyan. Te-
nept oexrom +mapro cranonxrcx nocranxn opy-
EC;
Rxnt Cyan;
+mapro na no-
cranxn opyxnx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 568

xnx xax n Cyan, rax n n ntne nesanncnmt Rx-
nt Cyan.
22 nmnx
B pesyntrare nsptna omt n Ocno nornamr 8 ue-
nonex n pymarcx npannrentcrnennte sannx; ne-
cxontxo uacon cnycrx naunnaercx ocrpen mono-
exnoro narepx neopncrcxo naprnn, naxoxme-
rocx na ocrpone neanexo or Ocno, n pesyntrare
xoroporo nornamr eme 69 uenonex n mnorne pane-
nt. Hopnexcxne npante +xcrpemncrt apecronant n
onnnent n ocymecrnnennn oonx nanaenn.
Hopnernx;
reppopnsm
31 nmnx
Kax mnnnmym 140 rpaxancxnx nnn tnn ynrt n
cronxnonennxx mexy cnpncxnmn npannrentcr-
nenntmn nocxamn n anrnnpannrentcrnenntmn cn-
namn. Hanontmee xonnuecrno nornmnx tno n
r. Xama, xora cnpncxne cnnt esonacnocrn npe-
npnnxnn araxy c ncnontsonannem ranxon. 3 anrycra
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ntcrynaer c saxnnennem,
ocyxammnm cnpncxne nnacrn, ocymecrnnxmmne
ceptesnte napymennx npan uenonexa n ncnontsym-
mne cnny npornn rpaxancxnx nnn.
Cnpnx
6 anr.
Hocne nacrynnennx npannrentcrnenntx nocx n cnn
Mnccnn A]pnxancxoro comsa n Comann (MACC)
ncnamncrcxax noncranuecxax rpynnnponxa Am-
Baa saxnnxer o raxrnuecxom yxoe ns Mora-
nmo. Ipynnnponxa nce eme xonrponnpyer px ro-
poon n mxnom Comann.
A]pnxancxn
coms; Comann
15 anr.
Ho mentme mepe 90 uenonex tnn ynrt n 300
panent n pesyntrare cepnn nsptnon no ncemy Hpa-
xy, nxnmuax nsptnt mamnn n repaxrt, ocymecrn-
nennte reppopncramn-cmeprnnxamn. Bce onn tnn
nanpannent npornn rpaxancxoro nacenennx n cnn
esonacnocrn Hpaxa. Hn ona ns rpynnnponox ne
nsxna na cex ornercrnennocrt sa nsptnt.
Hpax;
reppopnsm
17 anr.
Hocne npnstna Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Han
In Myna npexparnrt nacnnne npesnenr Cnpnn Fa-
map Aca saxnnxer, uro nce noennte n nonnnecxne
onepannn npornn anrnnpannrentcrnenntx cnn
cnepnyrt. Cnpnx nonepraercx xpnrnxe pxom crpan
na Cpenem Bocroxe sa ee nacnntcrnennte ecrnnx
npornn rpaxancxoro nacenennx. 18 anrycra Enpo-
necxn coms n CBA norpeonann yxoa Acaa.
Cnpnx
1722 anr.
Hocne nanaennx co cropont noncranuecxnx cnn
Paoue naprnn Kypncrana (PHK, Partiya Karkern
Kurdistan) rypenxax apmnx n reuenne mecrn ne
npononr cepnm nosymntx yapon npornn 122
Typnnx;
Hpax;
xypt

XPOHOHOIHB

569
yxpennenntx nynxron PHK n cenepnom Hpaxe. Oxo-
no 100 noncrannen tnn ynrt n onee 80 panent.
18 anr.
B pesyntrare cxoopnnnponannoro nanaennx oenn-
xon na rpaxancxoe nacenenne n noennt rpancnopr
n Rxnom Hspanne necxontxo uenonex tnn ynrt n
panent. XAMAC orpnnaer cnom ornercrnennocrt sa
nanaennx. Hspannt nemenenno orpearnponan, npo-
nex omapnponxy Pa]axa n Cexrope Iasa.
Hspannt;
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn
23 anr.
Cnnt noncrannen npn noepxxe c nosyxa co cro-
pont cnn HATO saxnartnamr onopnt nynxr Ka-
a]n Fa ant-Asnsnm n Tpnnonn, onaxo onn ne n
cocroxnnn ycranonnrt xonrpont na nce cronnne,
no+romy npornnocroxnne npoonxaercx. Hpann-
rentcrnennte cnnt nce eme xonrponnpymr ropoa
Cnpr n Caxa. Cam Kaa]n ne onapyxen.
HATO;
Hnnnx
26 anr.
B pesyntrare nsptna n mra-xnaprnpe OOH n Ay-
xe ynrt 18 uenonex n mnorne panent. Hcnamncr-
cxax rpynnnponxa Foxo Xapam (3ananoe opaso-
nanne sanpemeno), cnxsannax c Ant-Kano, e-
per na cex ornercrnennocrt sa nanaenne nepnoe
nanaenne na npecrannrene OOH n Hnrepnn.
OOH;
Hnrepnx;
reppopnsm
26 anr.
ecroxne mex+rnnuecxne cronxnonennx n mrare
xonrnn, Rxnt Cyan, xoropte nauannct 18
anrycra n npnnenn x rnenn no mentme mepe 600
uenonex n panennm nourn 1000 uenonex, npnnenn x
pasneprtnannm n sone xon]nnxra mnpornopuecxnx
cnn ns Mnccnn OOH no Rxnomy Cyany
(MOOHRC) conmecrno c cnnamn Hapono-ocnoo-
nrentno apmnn Cyana (HOAC) n nenxx noccra-
nonnennx mnpa n cranntnocrn.
OOH;
Rxnt Cyan
1 cenr.
Ha xon]epennnn n Hapnxe, upannnx, npononmo c
yuacrnem npesnenra upannnn Hnxonx Capxosn n
npemtep-mnnncrpa Bennxopnrannn +nna K+me-
pona, nnept Hannonantnoro nepexonoro conera
Hnnnn (HHC) n npecrannrenn or 60 crpan n mexy-
napontx oprannsann ocyxamr opoxnym xapry
no antnememy rymannrapnomy, nonnrnuecxomy n
+xonomnuecxomy pasnnrnm Hnnnn. Yuacrnnxn npn-
xoxr x cornacnm ornocnrentno npoonxennx one-
pann HATO, npnnneuennx x cyy nnnonntx n noen-
ntx npecrynnennxx n oxasannx nomomn HHC n ocy-
mecrnnennn nonnrnuecxo rpanc]opmannn.
Hnnnx
2 cenr.
Oprannsannx Bnxnnnxc ntcrannxer n Hnrepnere
nonnt, neorpeaxrnponannt xomnnexr xon]n-
ennnantntx nnnomarnuecxnx xanorpamm ns n-
nnomarnuecxoro apxnna CBA (Kanorer).
CBA;
nnemnxx
nonnrnxa
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 570

6 cenr.
Ha xoncyntrarnnno ncrpeue n Moranmo no no-
npocam o oxonuannn nepexonoro nepnoa, npoxo-
nnme no +rno Cnennantnoro npecrannrenx
OOH no Comann, enerart or ]eepantntx nncrn-
ryron nepexonoro nepnoa (Transitional Federal
Institutions) n npecrannrenn or pernonon cornaco-
ntnamr opoxnym xapry mep n npnnnnnon, ney-
mnx x oxonuannm nepexonoro nepnoa nocne 20
anrycra 2012 r.
OOH;
Comann
1314 cenr.
Foennxn Tannana araxymr npannrentcrnennte
sannx, nocontcrno CBA n mra-xnaprnpy pyxono-
nmtx HATO Mexynapontx cnn coecrnnx
esonacnocrn (ISAF) n Kayne, uro npnnonr x rn-
enn necxontxnx uenonex. HATO onnnxer n nana-
ennn cert Xaxxann, xnnxmmymcx comsnnxom
Ant-Kant, oprannsannm, asnpymmymcx n
Haxncrane.
A]ranncran;
reppopnsm
16 cenr.
Ienepantnax Accamnex OOH npnsnaer Hannonant-
nt nepexont coner (HHC) n xauecrne npecra-
nnrenx Hnnnn n OOH, a Coner Fesonacnocrn enno-
rnacno npnnnmaer Pesonmnnm 2009, cosammym
Mnccnm OOH no noepxxe Hnnnn (MOOHHH)
nx noepxxn HHC. Pesonmnnx uacrnuno ocna-
nxer +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx, pasmopaxnnaer
anxoncxne cuera n ormenxer pemenne o ycranon-
nennn n 2011 r. ecnonerno sont.
OOH;
Hnnnx
22 cenr.
Ha Ienepantno xon]epennnn Mexynaponoro
arenrcrna no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3), npoxo-
xme n Bene, Ancrpnx, ennornacno npnnnmaercx
nnan ecrnn no xepno esonacnocrn nx nont-
mennx rpancnapenrnocrn n pamxax ycnnn no ]op-
mnponannm +]]exrnnntx rnoantntx cranapron
esonacnocrn.
MAIAT3;
xepnax
esonacnocrt
23 cenr.
Hpesnenr Hanecrnnt Maxmy Aac npecrannxer
na paccmorpenne Ienepantnomy cexperapm OOH
Han In Myny saxnxy o nonnonpannom unencrne Ha-
necrnnt n OOH. 3axnxa nepeana n Coner Fesonac-
nocrn OOH.
OOH;
Hanecrnna
29 cenr.
Knra sanycxaer +xcnepnmenrantnt xocmnuecxn
naoparopnt moynt Txntryn-1 c xocmopoma
Hsmnmant, saxnatnax ocnony nx yyme xoc-
mnuecxo crannnn. 3ro nanonee amnnnosnt
xnracxn xocmnuecxn npoexr co npemenn nepnoro
xocmnuecxoro nonera n 2003 r.
Knra;
xocmnuecxne
nporpammt
29 cenr.
B Bene, Ancrpnx, npoxonr uerneprax osopnax
xon]epennnx oronopa o otuntx noopyxenntx
cnnax n Enpone (OBCE) 1990 r.
OBCE
XPOHOHOIHB

571
30 cenr.
Coner Fesonacnocrn OOH ennornacno npnnnmaer
Pesonmnnm 2010, rpeymmym or A]pnxancxoro
comsa snaunrentno ynennunrt cnnt Mnccnn A]-
pnxancxoro comsa n Comann (MACCOM) o ycra-
nonnenno manarom uncnennocrn noennoro nepco-
nana n 12 000 uenonex, n nponnrt cpoxn nonnomo-
un mnccnn o 31 oxrxpx 2012 r. Pesonmnnx
npnstnaer crpant-unent, a raxxe mexynaponte
n pernonantnte oprannsannn npeocrannrt onon-
nnrentnoe cnapxxenne, rexnnuecxym n ]nnanco-
nym nomomt nx ynennuennx xonnuecrnennoro co-
crana ncnontsyemtx cnn.
A]pnxancxn
coms; OOH;
Comann
30 cenr.
B cenepnom Hemene Annap ant-Annaxn, rpaxannn
CBA n onn ns nnepon Ant-Kant na Apann-
cxom nonyocrpone, tn ynr paxero ns camonera-
ecnnnornnxa, sanymennoro Henrpantntm pasne-
tnarentntm ynpannennem CBA (HPY). 3ro nep-
nt yap CBA no Hemeny c 2002 r.
CBA;
Hemen; HPY;
Ant-Kana
4 oxr.
Fonee 80 uenonex nornnn n mnorne tnn panent n
pesyntrare noptna rpysonnxa, naunnennoro nsptn-
uarxo, n npannrentcrnennom xomnnexce n Mora-
nmo. Hcnamncrcxax rpynnnponxa Ant-Baa
eper na cex ornercrnennocrt sa nsptn, xpynne-
mn c roro momenra, xax rpynnnponxa noxnnyna
Moranmo 6 anrycra, n onn ns camtx paspymn-
rentntx n Comann na ceronxmnn ent.
Comann;
reppopnsm
11 oxr.
Hspannt n XAMAC saxnnxmr, uro onn ocrnrnn
cornacnx omenxrt onee 1000 nanecrnncxnx sa-
xnmuenntx na nspanntcxoro conara Innaa Bann-
ra, xoropt naxonncx n nneny n Cexrope Iasa c
nmnx 2006 r. Heperonopt o cenxe npononnnct
no +rno Ernnra. Omen nnenntmn naunercx 18
oxrxpx.
Hspannt;
Hanecrnncxne
reppnropnn
11 oxr.
Ienepantnt npoxypop CBA onnnxer npancxne
o]nnnantnte nnna n saronope n nenxx noxymennx
na nocna Cayoncxo Apannn n CBA n n nnannpo-
nannn nsptnon n nocontcrne Hspannx n CBA, a
raxxe n nocontcrnax Hspannx n Cayoncxo Apannn
n Aprenrnne. Hpan pesxo n xareropnuecxn ornep-
raer onnnennx.
CBA; Hpan;
Cayoncxax
Apannx;
Hspannt
19 oxr.
B cronxnonennxx c noopyxenntmn noncrannamn ns
Paoue naprnn Kypncrana (PHK, Partiya Karkern
Kurdistan) ynrt 26 rypenxnx conar.
Typnnx;
xypt
20 oxr.
Hannonantnt nepexont coner Hnnnn (HHC)
saxnnxer o saxnare n nocneymmem yncrne tn-
mero nnnncxoro nnepa Myammapa Kaa]n. 3ro
Hnnnx
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 572

nponsomno, xora noopyxennte cnnt HHC, no-
epxxy c nosyxa xoroptm oxastnana annannx
HATO, ocnooxann r. Cnpr, nocnenn onnor noo-
pyxenntx cnn, noepxnnammnx Kaa]n.
20 oxr.
Facxcxax cenaparncrcxax rpynnnponxa 3ycxan ra
Asxaracyna (3TA, Ponna n cnooa Facxon)
oxnnxer o oxonuarentnom npexpamennn noen-
no exrentnocrn n saxnnxer o xenannn necrn
npxmo nanor c npannrentcrnamn upannnn n Hc-
nannn. 3TA ntcrynana sa nesanncnmocrt Facxonnn
c 1968 r.
Hcnannx
23 oxr.
Hnept Hannonantnoro nepexonoro conera Hnnnn
(HHC) saxnnxmr n Fenrasn o oxonuannn noccrannx
n crpane. HHC conpaercx nasnaunrt nonoe npe-
mennoe npannrentcrno n reuenne rpex mecxnen,
nponecrn ntopt n Hannonantnt coner n reuenne
noctmn mecxnen, a uepes ro onxno trt nspano
nonnonennoe npannrentcrno.
Hnnnx
31 oxr.
107 ronocamn sa, 14 npornn n npn 52 nosepxan-
mnxcx Ienepantnax xon]epennnx Oprannsannn
OOH no opasonannm, nayxe n xyntrype (RHECKO)
npnsnaer Hanecrnny cnonm 195-m unenom.
RHECKO;
Hanecrnna
31 oxr.
HATO saxanunnaer onepannm Oennennt sa-
mnrnnx n Hnnnn.
HATO;
Hnnnx
2 nox.
Ho cornaconannm c cnpncxnm npannrentcrnom Hn-
ra apacxnx rocyapcrn npnnnmaer Apacxn nnan
ecrnn n cnxsn c xon]nnxrom n Cnpnn. oxymenr
npnstnaer npannrentcrno Cnpnn nemenenno npe-
xparnrt nacnnne npornn rpaxancxoro nacenennx,
ntnecrn nce cnon cnnt esonacnocrn ns paonon,
re naxonrcx rpaxancxoe nacenenne, n ocnoo-
nrt ecxrxn rtcxu nonnrnuecxnx saxnmuenntx.
HAI;
Cnpnx
5 nox.
Ho mentme mepe 63 uenonexa tnn ynrt n pe-
syntrare cxoopnnnponanntx ocrpenon n nsptnon
n cenepo-nocrounom mrare Hnrepnn Hoe. Hcnamn-
crcxax rpynnnponxa Foxo Xapam (3ananoe o-
pasonanne sanpemeno), cnxsannax c Ant-Kano,
eper na cex ornercrnennocrt sa +rn ecrnnx. Ha-
cnnne ycnnnnoct nocne roro, xax n 2009 r. rpynnn-
ponxa nauana noncranuecxne ecrnnx npornn npa-
nnrentcrna, rpeyx onee mnpoxoro npnmenennx
saxonon mapnara.
Hnrepnx;
reppopnsm
8 nox.
Ienepantnt npexrop Mexynaponoro arenrcrna
no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3) Rxno Amano ny-
nnxyer cno oxna o ntnonnennn Hpanom Corna-
mennx o rapanrnxx oronopa o nepacnpocrpanennn
OOH;
MAIAT3;
Hpan
XPOHOHOIHB

573
xepnoro opyxnx 1968 r. (HO) n coornercrnym-
mnx nonoxenn pesonmnn, oxnartnammnx nepno
c 2 cenrxpx 2011 r. B oxnae o]nnnantno npnsna-
ercx, uro Hpan ocymecrnnxn exrentnocrt, nmem-
mym ornomenne x cosannm xepnoro ycrpocrna,
xoropax moxer nce eme npoonxartcx. Hpan ornep-
raer oxna, saxnnxx, uro on necanancnponan,
nenpo]eccnonanen n nonnrnuecxn mornnnponan.
12 nox.
Ha ncrpeue n Kanpe, Ernner, Hnra apacxnx rocy-
apcrn pemaer npnocranonnrt exrentnocrt Cnpnn
n +ro oprannsannn c 16 noxpx no npnunne ee xec-
roxoro noannennx anrnnpannrentcrnenntx nporec-
ron n ee nexenannx peannsonart nnan ecrnn
apacxnx crpan. 13 noxpx Enponecxn coms pe-
maer yxecrounrt canxnnn, nanpannennte npornn
Cnpnn.
HAI;
EC;
Cnpnx
1425 nox.
uerneprax osopnax xon]epennnx Konnennnn no
nerymannomy opyxnm 1981 r. (KHO) cocroxnact n
enene, Bnenapnx.
KHO
16 nox.
Cnoonax cnpncxax apmnx, cocroxmax ns esep-
rnpon cnpncxn apmnn, npenpnnxna necxontxo
nanaenn na noennte ast npannrentcrna nosne
amacxa, nxnmuax nenrp nosymno pasnexn. Ha-
naennx ne nornepxent ns nesanncnmtx ncrou-
nnxon. Hacnnne n Cnpnn ycnnnnaercx, n n nocne-
nne neenn nponsomnn nanaennx na px nnnoma-
rnuecxnx mnccn. Ho onenxe OOH, onee 3500
uenonex tnn ynrt c mapra 2011 r.
Cnpnx
16 nox.
Ha ncrpeue n Paare, Mapoxxo, mnnncrpt nno-
crpanntx en Hnrn apacxnx rocyapcrn npenara-
mr Cnpnn nont oxonuarentnt cpox nx npnnxrnx
mnpnoro nnana Hnrn, npnstnammero Cnpnm npe-
xparnrt xecroxne penpeccnn npornn cnn, nporec-
rymmnx npornn ecrnn npannrentcrna. Hnra
apacxnx rocyapcrn npenaraer raxxe nocnart n
Cnpnm rpaxancxnx n noenntx nanmarene.
HAI;
Cnpnx
21 nox.
Hocne onynnxonannx 8 noxpx oxnaa Mexyna-
ponoro arenrcrna no aromno +neprnn (MAIAT3)
no xepno nporpamme Hpana, Kanaa, Bennxopn-
rannx n CBA naxnatnamr nonte canxnnn na
npancxne anxn n ne]rxnym npomtmnennocrt. B
snax nporecra npornn canxnn 28 noxpx cryenrt
mrypmymr nocontcrno Bennxopnrannn n Terepane.
Kanaa;
Bennxopnrannx;
CBA;
canxnnn
22 nox.
16 crpan yuacrnnn oronopa 1990 r. o otuntx
noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone (OBCE) Fentrnx,
Fonrapnx, Kanaa, uemcxax Pecnynnxa, annx, Iep-
mannx, Benrpnx, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Hmxcemypr,
OBCE
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 574

Hnepnant, Hopryrannx, Cnonaxnx, Typnnx, Be-
nnxopnrannx n CBA saxnnxmr n Bene, Ancrpnx,
uro onn npexpamamr ntnonnxrt oxsarentcrna n co-
ornercrnnn c OBCE n ornomennn Poccnn. Onn yyr
npoonxart conmart oronop n ntnonnxrt nce cnon
oxsarentcrna n ornomennn pyrnx crpan-yuacrnnn n
nosononxr ntnonnenne oxsarentcrn nonnocrtm,
ecnn Poccnx cnona nauner ntnonnxrt cnon oxsarent-
crna n coornercrnnn c oronopom. Poccnx npnocrano-
nnna cnoe yuacrne n OBCE n 2007 r.
23 nox.
Hpesnenr Hemena Ann Aynna Canex nonnctna-
er n 3p-Pnxe, Cayoncxax Apannx, cornamenne,
ntpaorannoe npn nocpennuecrne Conera corpy-
nnuecrna apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro sannna
(CCAIH3), cornacno xoropomy nnacrt nepexonr x
nnne-npesnenry n nenxx noccranonnennx cnoxo-
crnnx n Hemene nocne 10 mecxnen nonnrnuecxo
necranntnocrn n nacnnnx.
CCAIH3;
Hemen
26 nox.
Bepronert HATO n cocrane Mexynapontx cnn
coecrnnx esonacnocrn (ISAF) n A]ranncrane
araxymr norpannunt xonrpontnt nynxr n arenr-
crne Moxman, Haxncran, nxoxmem n ]eepantno
ynpannxemte nnemennte reppnropnn (3ony nne-
men), n pesyntrare uero rnnyr 24 naxncrancxnx
conara. Haxncran nastnaer nanaenne ecnpn-
unnntm n ymtmnenntm n saxptnaer npoxox-
mne uepes naxncrancxym rpannny nyrn ocranxn
rpyson nx nyx ISAF uepes Topxxam n nponnnnnn
Xaep-Haxrynxna n uaman n Fenyxncrane. O]n-
nnantnte npecrannrenn CBA saxnnxmr, uro nocxa
ISAF nonann no ocrpen n ecrnonann n nenxx
camooopont. HATO nnnnnnpyer paccneonanne.
HATO;
ISAF;
Haxncran;
A]ranncran
27 nox.
Ha ncrpeue n Kanpe, Ernner, Hnra apacxnx rocy-
apcrn cornamaercx nanoxnrt na Cnpnm nemenen-
nte mnpoxne +xonomnuecxne canxnnn. Mnnncrp
nnocrpanntx en Cnpnn Bann Myannem saxnnxer,
uro Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn oxnnna Cnpnn
+xonomnuecxym nony, naxnatnax canxnnn, n
uro Cnpnx yer ncnontsonart cnoe crparernue-
cxoe nonoxenne nx oxasannx nosmesnx. 3 exa-
px canxnnn tnn pacmnpent n nxnmunnn +mapro
na nocranxn opyxnx. Hnra apacxnx rocyapcrn
nnepnte nanoxnna +mapro na nocranxn opyxnx.
HAI;
Cnpnx;
+mapro na
nocranxn
opyxnx
30 nox.
Hocne mrypma anrnncxoro nocontcrna n Terepane
mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Bennxopnrannn Ynnt-
xm X+r saxnnxer, uro Coennennoe Koponencrno
saxptnaer cnoe nocontcrno n rpeyer ntnopennx
npancxnx nnnomaron ns Bennxopnrannn.
Bennxopnrannx;
Hpan
XPOHOHOIHB

575
30 nox.
Ha ncrpeue n Bene, Ancrpnx, uopym no corpynnue-
crny n onacrn esonacnocrn (uCF) Oprannsannn no
esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE)
npnnnmaer Bencxn oxymenr 2011 r. no mepam
oecneuennx onepnx n esonacnocrn nepepao-
rannym nepcnm Bencxoro oxymenra 1999 r.
OFCE;
MF
522 ex.
B enene, Bnenapnx npomna Cetmax osopnax
xon]epennnx crpan yuacrnnn Konnennnn 1972 r.
no nonornuecxomy n roxcnnnomy opyxnm (KFTO).
KFTO
5 ex.
Coner Fesonacnocrn 13 ronocamn npn nyx nosep-
xanmnxcx Knrax n Poccnn npnnnmaer Pesonm-
nnm 2023, xoropax pacmnpxer canxnnn, nanoxen-
nte Pesonmnne 1907 (2009 r.) n rpeyer, urot
3pnrpex npexparnna oxastnart noepxxy npxmo
nnn xocnenno nontrxam ecrannnsnponart cnrya-
nnm n Comann n pyrnx uacrxx A]pnxancxoro Pora.
OOH;
3pnrpex;
canxnnn
5 ex.
Ftnmn npesnenr Kor-'Hnyapa Hopan Iaro
npecraer nepe Mexynapontm yrononntm cy-
om (MYC), yyun saepxan MYC 30 noxpx.
Iaro npnsnan x ornery sa ero nnunoe yuacrne n
nacnntcrnenntx axnnxx n xoe rpaxancxo nont
n Kor-'Hnyape, nocneonanme sa ntopamn
2010 r. On xnnxercx nepntm rnano rocyapcrna,
npecranmnm nepe cyom.
MYC;
Kor-'Hnyap
6 ex.
B pesyntrare cxoopnnnponanno cepnn nsptnon c
yuacrnem reppopncron-cmeprnnxon n mnnrcxnx
xpamax (mecrax noxnonennx) n Kayne, Kanarape n
Masapn-Bapn]e, A]ranncran, nornnn no mentme
mepe 63 uenonexa, n ecxrxn nme tnn panent.
A]ranncran;
reppopnsm
12 ex.
Coner Enponecxoro comsa oopxer cosanne Mnc-
cnn no yxpennennm pernonantntx noenno-mopcxnx
cnn (MYPBMC) n pamxax ome nonnrnxn EC n
onacrn esonacnocrn n oopont (OHECFO) n ne-
nxx yxpennennx mopcxo momn noctmn crpan n pa-
one A]pnxancxoro Pora n sanano uacrn Hnn-
cxoro oxeana xnyrn, Kennx, Manpnxn, Mosam-
nx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Comann (pernont Hynr-
nen, Comannnen n Ianmyyr), Tansannx n Hemen.
MYBMC yer rpaxancxo mnccne, xoropax cra-
ner ononnennem x noenno-mopcxnm cnnam EC n
Comann (EUNAVFOR Somalia, onepannx Aranan-
ra) n Tpennponouno mnccnn EC n Comann (EUTM).
ara nauana ecrnnx mnccnn yer ycranonnena
Conerom.
EC;
A]pnxancxn
Por;
Hnncxn
oxean
15 ex.
B a+ponopry Faraa npoxonr ropxecrnennax ne-
pemonnx, cnmnonnsnpymmax sanepmenne enxrnner-
CBA;
Hpax
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 576

nero noennoro npncyrcrnnx CBA n Hpaxe, xoropoe
nauanoct c ocymecrnnennoro no pyxonocrnom
CBA n Bennxopnrannn nropxennx n crpany n map-
re 2003 r. Hocnenn conar CBA noxnaer Hpax
18 exapx, a cpox ecrnnx amepnxano-npaxcxoro
cornamennx 2008 r. o craryce noopyxenntx cnn
ncrexaer 31 ex.
19 ex.
17 exapx Cenepnax Kopex coomaer o cmeprn cno-
ero nnepa Knm uen Hpa. Hocne +roro coomennx
Rxnax Kopex npnnonr cnon nocxa na rpannne c
Cenepno Kopee n nonnym oenym roronnocrt. ue-
pes necxontxo neent nocne cmeprn Knm uen Hpa
ero mnamn ctn Knm uen In cranonnrcx nnepom
crpant.
Cenepnax
Kopex
19 ex.
Ha ncrpeue n Kanpe, Ernner, Hnra apacxnx rocy-
apcrn n Cnpnx nonncann cornamenne, nosnonxm-
mee HAI nmert nanmarene n Cnpnn. B pesynt-
rare cornamennx Cnpnx onxna raxxe ntnecrn cnon
nocxa ns noccranmnx ropoon, ocnoonrt rtcxun
nonnrnuecxnx saxnmuenntx n nauart nanor c onno-
snnne. Mnccnx nanmarene n cocrane 150 uenonex
onxna trt nonnocrtm pasmemena x 25 exapx.
HAI;
Cnpnx
22 ex.
B xoe cxoopnnnponanno cepnn nsptnon no nce-
my Faray, Hpax, nornnn, no mentme mepe 72 n
panent onee 200 uenonex. Hacnnne co cropont pe-
nnrnosntx omnn tno ntsnano ntaue npemtep-
mnnncrpom Hypn ant-Mannxn (mnnr) opepa na
apecr nnne-npesnenra Tapnxa ant-Xamemn (cynnnr).
Hpax;
Teppopnsm
29 ex.
Typenxax annannx nanocnr yapt no Hpaxy, xoro-
pte npnnoxr x rnenn 35 rpaxancxnx xonrpaan-
ncron, omnouno npnnxrtx sa oennxon Paoue
naprnn Kypncrana (PHK).
Typnnx;
Hpax;
xypt





OB AB1OPAX


ABBAHCCOH, Mapu, Bnennx (ALLANSSON, Marie) nayunt accncrenr n Ynncant-
cxo nporpamme no anntm xon]nnxron (YHK) n enapramenre nccneonann nponem
mnpa n xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. o paort n YHK npoxonna npaxrn-
xy n o]nce no noepxxe npoexron Hporpammt pasnnrnx OOH n Hpaxe, naxoxmemcx n
Hopannn, cnennannsnpyxct na nerxom n crpenxonom noopyxennn.

BAVMAHH, Houac, Bnenapnx (BAUMANN, Jonas) nayunt accncrenr n enapra-
menre nccneonann nponem mnpa n xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. Panee
paoran nccneonarenem n Hapnamenrcxo accamnee Oprannsannn no esonacnocrn n
corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE).

-p BAV3P, Cuuuu, Iepmannx (BAUER, Sibylle) pyxononrent nporpammt CHHPH
no ropronne opyxnem n ronapamn n rexnonornxmn nonoro nasnauennx. Panee paorana
nccneonarenem n Hncrnryre enponecxnx nccneonann n Fpmccene. C 2005 r. paspaa-
rtnaer n peannsyer mept no yxpennennm norennnana n onacrn +xcnoprnoro xonrponx,
xonrponx na rpansnrom n nocpennuecxo exrentnocrtm n ropronne opyxnem n Enpo-
ne, a n nocnenee npemx n n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn, c axnenrom na npanonte n npanonpn-
mennrentnte acnexrt. Ee nynnxannn nxnmuamr: The European Union Code of Conduct
on Arms Exports: Improving the Annual Report, SIPRI Policy Paper No. 8 (2004, coanrop),
rnant n paorax From Early Warning To Early Action? The Debate on the Enhancement of
the EUs Crisis Response Capability Continues (European Commission, 2008, coanrop) n
The Arms Trade (Routledge, 2010). Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2004 r.

BOEBB, Heuue, Bnennx (BODELL, Nenne) npexrop nnnorexn n orena oxymen-
rannn CHHPH, a raxxe pyxononr nporpammo CHHPH no cocrannennm osopno o-
xymenrannn no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennm. Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n pa-
ore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 2003 r.

BPOMBH, Mapr, Bennxopnrannx (BROMLEY, Mark) crapmn nccneonarent n npo-
rpamme CHHPH no ropronne opyxnem. Cnennannsnpyercx na +xcnopre noopyxenn n
+xcnoprnom xonrpone n Enpone n na saxynxax noopyxenn n Rxno Amepnxe. Panee pa-
oran nonnrnuecxnm anannrnxom n Fpnrano-amepnxancxom conere no nn]opmannn n o-
nacrn esonacnocrn (BASIC). Ero nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Implementing an
Arms Trade Treaty: Lessons on Reporting and Monitoring from Existing Mechanisms, SIPRI
Policy Paper no. 28 (July 2011, coanrop), Transparency in Military Spending and Arms Ac-
quisitions in Latin America and the Caribbean, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 31 (Jan. 2012, coan-
rop) n The review of the EU Common Position on arms exports: prospects for strengthened
controls, Non-proliferation Papers no. 7 (Jan. 2012). Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2004 r.

Hpoq. BABBEHC1HH, Hemep, Bnennx (WALLENSTEEN, Peter) saneyer xa]epo
nm. ara Xammapmenta n enapramenre nccneonann nponem mnpa n xon]nnxron
Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera c 1985 r. n xnnxercx npo]eccopom-nccneonarenem no npo-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 578
nemam mnpa na xa]epe nm. Pnuapa x. Crapmanna-cr. n Ynnnepcnrere Horp-am c
2006 r. Bosrnannxer Ynncantcxym nporpammy no anntm xon]nnxron (YHK) n Cnenn-
antnym nporpammy no ntnonnennm roueuntx canxnn. Ero nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Un-
derstanding Conflict Resolution: War, Peace and the Global System (Sage, 3rd edn, 2011) n
The Go-Between: Jan Eliasson and the Styles of Mediation (US Institute of Peace Press,
2010, coanrop). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 1988 r.

BE3EMAH, Humep ., Hnepnant (WEZEMAN, Pieter D.) crapmn nccneonarent n
nporpamme CHHPH no ropronne opyxnem. o nosnpamennx n CHHPH n 2006 r. paoran
crapmnm anannrnxom Mnnncrepcrna oopont Hnepnanon n onacrn pacnpocrpanennx
rexnonornn xepntx n otuntx noopyxenn. Cpen ero nocnennx nynnxann Arms
Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 30 (Dec. 2011, coanrop). Hnmer n
Exeronnx CHHPH c 1995 r.

BE3EMAH, Cu+ou 1., Hnepnant (WEZEMAN, Siemon T.) crapmn nayunt corpy-
nnx n nporpamme CHHPH no ropronne opyxnem, n xoropo yuacrnyer c 1992 r. Cpen ero
nynnxann necxontxo nocnxmeno nonpocam mexynapono rpancnapenrnocrn n c]epe
ropronnn opyxnem: The Future of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, SIPRI
Policy Paper no. 4 (Aug. 2003), Cluster Weapons: Necessity or Convenience? (Pax Christi
Netherlands, 2005, coanrop) n Arms Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 30
(Dec. 2011, coanrop). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 1993 r.

BHBAH, Xeueu, Bnennx (WILANDH, Helen) nayunt accncrenr n nporpamme
CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny noopyxenn. Ocnonnte nccneonarent-
cxne nnrepect nexar n onacrn nponem esonacnocrn na A]pnxancxom xonrnnenre, pa-
oraer n npoexre CHHPH no nonpocam esonacnocrn, emoxparnsannn n rocyapcrnen-
noro ynpannennx n crpanax A]pnxn. Honyunna crenent marncrpa n Ynncantcxom
ynnnepcnrere. Hsyuana nonnrnuecxne nayxn, mexynaponte ornomennx n mexyna-
ponoe npano n Hapnxcxom nncrnryre nonnrnuecxnx nccneonann.

BHXAP1A, Hapou, Hnonesnx (WIHARTA, Sharon) crapmn nccneonarent n npo-
rpamme CHHPH no noopyxenntm xon]nnxram n nx yperynnponannm, n xoropo nos-
rnannxer nccneonannx n onacrn mnpornopuecrna n mnpocrponrentcrna. B nacroxmee
npemx nosrnannxer npoexr CHHPH no nono reononnrnxe mnpornopuecxnx onepann.
Hent +roro npoexra nyume nonxrt nsrnxt na yymee mnpornopuecxnx onepann no-
ntx mnpontx epxan n nx mornnnponxy. Ee nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Peace Operations:
Trends, Progress and Prospects (Georgetown University Press, 2008, copeaxrop) n The Ci-
vilian Contribution to Peace Operations, SIPRI Research Report (roronnrcx x ntxoy n
2012 r.). Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2002 r.

-p IHBB, Bemc, CBA (GILL, Bates) npexrop CHHPH. Hepe npnxoom na paory
n Hncrnryr n 2007 r. tn pyxononrenem nporpammt xnracxnx nccneonann nm. upn-
mena Henrpa crparernuecxnx n mexynapontx nccneonann (CSIS) n Bamnnrrone. Pa-
nee paoran crapmnm nayuntm corpynnxom no nonpocam nnemne nonnrnxn n npex-
ropom-ocnonarenem Henrpa nonnrnuecxnx nccneonann Cenepo-Bocrouno Asnn n
Hncrnryre Fpyxnnrca. B xonne 2012 r. npnmer na cex nonym onxnocrt npecearenx
npannennx Henrpa nccneonann CBA n Cnnee, Ancrpannx. B reuenne onroro npeme-
nn sannmancx nccneonannxmn nponem mexynapono n pernonantno esonacnocrn,
n ocoennocrn n c]epe xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, nepacnpocrpanennx, crparernue-
cxnx xepntx ornomenn, mnpornopuecrna n noenno-rexnnuecxoro pasnnrnx, c axnenrom
OB ABTOPAX 579
na Knrae n Asnn. Hmeer ontmoe xonnuecrno nynnxann no anno remarnxe. Hocne-
nnmn ns nnx xnnxmrcx: Governing the Bomb: Civilian Control and Democratic Accountabil-
ity of Nuclear Weapons (2010, copeaxrop), Asia's New Multilateralism: Cooperation, Com-
petition, and the Search for Community (Columbia University Press, 2009, copeaxrop) n
Rising Star: Chinas New Security Diplomacy (Brookings, 2007). Hpnnnman yuacrne n pa-
ore na Exeronnxom CHHPH n 1994, 1996, 2004 rr. n c 2008 r.

-p IBA3EP, Auercauep, Iepmannx (GLASER, Alexander) onenr mxont omecrnen-
ntx n mexynapontx ornomenn nm. Bypo Bnntcona n enapramenra mamnnocrpon-
rentnoro n a+poxocmnuecxoro nnxnnnpnnra Hpnncroncxoro ynnnepcnrera. nnxercx
yuacrnnxom nporpammt Hpnncroncxoro ynnnepcnrera no nayxe n rnoantno esonac-
nocrn n paoraer n Mexynapono xomnccnn no pacmennxmmnmcx marepnanam, xoro-
pax exerono nynnxyer Global Fissile Material Report. 3amnrnn oxropcxym nccepra-
nnm no ]nsnxe n apmmrarcxom rexnonornuecxom ynnnepcnrere n paoraer na
nponemamn xepno +neprernxn n nonnrnxn esonacnocrn, cnennannsnpyxct na nepac-
npocrpanennn n xonrpone na noopyxennxmn. nnxercx copeaxropom xypnana Science
& Global Security. Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2007 r.

IPHHBAVM, Mura+uo, Bnennx (GRINBAUM, Mikael) oyuaercx na marncrpa mex-
ynapontx nccneonann n Ynnnepcnrere Iorenypra. Hmeer crenent axananpa nc-
cneonann nponem mnpa n xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. Ftn craxepom n
CHHPH n 20112012 rr.

IPHH Buua, Bnennx (GRIP, Lina) nccneonarent n nporpamme CHHPH no xonrponm
na noopyxennxmn n nepacnpocrpanennm n xoopnnarop npoexra CHHPH n Koncopnny-
me EC no nepacnpocrpanennm. nnxercx raxxe oxropanrom nonnrnuecxnx nayx Ynn-
nepcnrera Xentcnnxn. Hccneonarentcxne nnrepect nxnmuamr pernonantnoe n mnoro-
croponnee nepacnpocrpanenne, nonnrnxy n nponecct n onacrn xonrponx na noopyxe-
nnxmn, c axnenrom na Enponecxn coms. Hocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Mapping
the European Union institutional actors related to WMD non-proliferation, Non-proliferation
Papers no. 1 (May 2011) n Assessing selected European Union external assistance and
cooperation projects on WMD non-proliferation, Non-proliferation Papers no. 6 (Dec. 2011).

-p EKCOH, Comsau 1., CBA (JACKSON, Susan T.) rnana npoexra CHHPH no
nponsnocrny noopyxenn n nporpamme CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny
noopyxenn. Cnennannsnpyercx na cnxsxx mexy mnnnrapnsanne n rnoannsanne. Ee
nynnxannn nocnxment ncxnmuennxm no coopaxennxm nannonantno esonacnocrn n
mapxernnry mnnnrapnsma. Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2010 r.

3EBLHEP, Bouoqeaue, Iepmannx (ZELLNER, Wolfgang) samecrnrent npexropa Hn-
crnryra nccneonann nponem mnpa n nonnrnxn esonacnocrn (HHHMHF) npn Iam-
yprcxom ynnnepcnrere n rnana nenrpa HHHMHF no nsyuennm OFCE. Honyunn crenent
oxropa nonnrnuecxnx nayx n Cnoonom ynnnepcnrere Fepnnna n 1994 r. C 1984 no
1991 r. tn conernnxom unena ynecrara no nponemam noenno nonnrnxn, nonnrnxn
esonacnocrn n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn. nnxercx anropom/coanropom n peaxro-
pom oxono 100 nynnxann, n ocnonnom no enponecxo esonacnocrn, xonrponm na
otuntmn noopyxennxmn, nponemam nannonantntx mentmnncrn, remarnxe OFCE n
rpancnannonantntm ntsonam n yrposam.

EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 580
-p HCMAHB, Ouayaue, Hnrepnx (ISMAIL, Olawale) nccneonarent n nporpamme
CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny noopyxenn n xoopnnarop npoexra
CHHPH no nonpocam esonacnocrn, emoxparnsannn n rocyapcrnennoro ynpannennx n
crpanax A]pnxn. Honyunn crenent oxropa nayx n onacrn nsyuennx nponem mnpa n
Fp+]opcxom ynnnepcnrere. Panee paoran n rpynne no nsyuennm xon]nnxron, eso-
nacnocrn n pasnnrnx Hononcxoro Koponencxoro xonnexa n n npoexre CHHPH no nna-
nnponannm noenntx pacxoon n crpanax A]pnxn. Ero nocnenne nynnxannn
nxnmuamr: Dynamics of Post-conflict Reconstruction and Peace Building in West Africa: Be-
tween Change and Security (Nordic Africa Institute, 2009) n The dialectics of junctions
and bases: youth, secure-commerce and the crises of order in downtown Lagos, Security
Dialogue (2009). Hncan n Exeronnx CHHPH n 2003 r. n c 2010 r.

KAHB, Heuuou H., CBA (KILE, Shannon N.) crapmn nccneonarent n rnana npoexra
no xepnomy opyxnm n nporpamme CHHPH no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn n nepac-
npocrpanennm. Ero ocnonnax onacrt nccneonann xonrpont na xepntmn noopyxe-
nnxmn n xepnoe nepacnpocrpanenne c axnenrom na nponemax Hpana n pernonantno
esonacnocrn. Ero nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Europe and Iran: Perspectives on
Non-proliferation, SIPRI Research Report no. 21 (2005, peaxrop) n Verifying a Fissile Ma-
terials Cut-off Treaty: Technical and Organizational Considerations, SIPRI Policy Paper
no. 33 (2012). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 1993 r.

KEBBH, Ho+u, Hpnannx (KELLY, Noel) nayunt accncrenr, yuacrnymmn n npo-
rpammax CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny noopyxenn n no ropronne opy-
xnem. Orneuaer sa neenne +nexrponnoro apxnna no +rnm rpem onacrxm nccneonann n
cncremy nn]opmannn CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam. Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c
2009 r.

KPHC1EHCEH, Xauc M., annx (KRISTENSEN, Hans M.) npexrop npoexra no xep-
no nn]opmannn ueepannn amepnxancxnx yuentx (uAY). uacro xoncyntrnpyer nono-
crnte cpecrna maccono nn]opmannn no nonpocam xepnoro opyxnx n xnnxercx coan-
ropom xononxn Nuclear Notebook n xypnane The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Ero
nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Obama and the Nuclear War Plan (FAS, 2010) n Non-
Strategic Nuclear Weapons (FAS, 2012). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom
CHHPH c 2001 r.

MAKOHABL, Iueuu, Kanaa (MCDONALD, Glenn) crapmn nccneonarent n xo-
opnnarop nsannx exeronnxa Small Arms Survey. Cnennannsnpyercx na mepax no xon-
rponm na crpenxontm n nerxnm opyxnem. Btnonnxn pont conernnxa n nocneonarent-
no exrentnocrn OOH no xonrponm na crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn
noopyxennxmn, a c 2012 r. xnnxercx conernnxom nasnauennoro npesnenra Bropo xon-
]epennnn OOH nx osopa nporpecca, ocrnrnyroro n ocymecrnnennn Hporpammt e-
crnn no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxonno ropronnn crpenxontm opyxnem n
nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee acnexrax n opte c ne. Taxxe paoran n onepannn
OOH no noepxannm mnpa (Comann, 19941995 rr.) n n Mnccnn OOH no oxasannm no-
momn (Pyana, 1995 r.). Hocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Weapons tracing and peace
support operations: theory or practice?, Small Arms Survey Issue Brief no. 4 (Mar. 2012, co-
anrop) n Precedent in the making: the UN meeting of governmental experts, Small Arms
Survey Issue Brief no. 5 (Mar. 2012).

OB ABTOPAX 581
-p MEBBHH, Huu, Bennxopnrannx (MELVIN, Neil) pyxononrent nporpammt
CHHPH no noopyxenntm xon]nnxram n nx yperynnponannm. o paort n CHHPH cny-
xnn crapmnm conernnxom n cexperapnare 3neprernuecxo xaprnn n n Oprannsannn no
esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE). Taxxe npnnnman yuacrne n pasnnu-
ntx neymnx nonnrnuecxnx nncrnryrax Enpont n nynnxonan paort no nponemam
xon]nnxron, yenxx ocooe nnnmanne +rnopennrnosntm nonpocam. B nocnenne rot
pacmnpnn cnon nccneonarentcxne nnrepect, paccmarpnnax nnnxnne nponemarnxn npn-
pontx pecypcon na xon]nnxrt, n ocoennocrn nonpoct +neprernxn n xon]nnxrt. Ona
ns ero nocnennx nynnxann New social media and conflict in Kyrgyzstan, SIPRI In-
sights on Peace and Security 2011/1 (Aug. 2011, coanrop). Hncan n Exeronnx CHHPH n
2006, 2007 rr. n n 2011 r.

MHAH, 3ua, Haxncran/Bennxopnrannx (MIAN, Zia) ]nsnx n nporpamme no nayxe n
rnoantno esonacnocrn Hpnncroncxoro ynnnepcnrera, n xoropom on pyxononr npoex-
rom no mnpy n esonacnocrn n Rxno Asnn. nnxercx onnm ns samecrnrene npece-
arenx Mexynapono xomnccnn no pacmennxmmnmcx marepnanam n copeaxropom
xypnana Science & Global Security. Ero paora tna c]oxycnponana na nponemax xep-
noro opyxnx, xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n pasopyxennx n xepno +neprernxn n Hn-
nn n Haxncrane. Hncan n Exeronnx CHHPH n 2003 r. n c 2007 r.

MOPIAH, 1o+ac, Ancrpannx (MORGAN, Thomas) nccneonarent n Hncrnryre +xono-
mnxn n mnpa (H3M). B H3M pyxononn paspaorxo Hnexca mnponmnx Coennenntx
Braron Amepnxn, xoropt xnnxercx nepntm nnexcom, panxnpymmnm nce mrart CBA
no crenenn nx esonacnocrn. Hpononn mnpoxn ananns nn]opmannn nx nccneonannx
npnunn, npnnoxmnx x ]opmnponannm mnponmnntx coomecrn. Paoraer na Ino-
antntm nnexcom mnponmnx c 2010 r.

HHBLCCOH, Mapryc, Bnennx (NILSSON, Marcus) nayunt accncrenr n Ynncant-
cxo nporpamme no anntm xon]nnxron (YHK) n enapramenre nccneonann nponem
mnpa n xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. Ona ns ero nynnxann Reaping
what was sown: conflict outcome and post-civil war democratization, Cooperation and Con-
flict (roronnrcx x nsannm n 2012 r.).

-p HEPBO-0PHMEH, C++, Bennxopnrannx (PERLO-FREEMAN, Sam) crapmn
nccneonarent n nporpamme CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny noopyxenn.
Orneuaer sa monnropnnr anntx no mnpontm noenntm pacxoam. Panee paoran crap-
mnm nexropom n Ynnnepcnrere 3anano Anrnnn, sannmaxct nonpocamn +xonomnxn no-
nt n mnpa. Ero nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: The demand for military expenditure in
developing countries: hostility vs. capability, Defence and Peace Economics (August 2008,
coanrop), rnany no noenno-npomtmnennomy xomnnexcy Bennxopnrannn n: The Global
Arms Trade: A Handbook (Routledge, 2009) n Budgetary priorities in Latin America: mili-
tary, health and education spending, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security 2011/2 (Dec.
2011). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 2003 r.

COBMHPAHO, Kapuua, Aprenrnna (SOLMIRANO, Carina) nccneonarent n nporpam-
me CHHPH no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny noopyxenn, orneuaer sa monnropnnr
noenntx pacxoon n crpanax Harnncxo Amepnxn, Fnnxnero Bocroxa n Rxno Asnn.
Panee paorana n Bxone mexynapontx nccneonann nm. xose]a Kopena n Ynn-
nepcnrere r. ennepa, mr. Konopao, xnnxercx oxropanrom +roro ynnnepcnrera. Taxxe
paorana no nonpocam xonrponx na noopyxennxmn n aprenrnncxo nenpannrentcrnen-
EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 582
no oprannsannn Asociacion para Politicas Publicas n conernnxom n Cenare Aprenrnnt.
Ee nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Transparency in Military Spending and Arms Acqui-
sitions in Latin America and the Caribbean, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 31 (Jan. 2012, coanrop).
Hnmer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2010 r.

1AVB, Ca+y+uo, Bnennx (TAUB, Samuel) nayunt accncrenr n Ynncantcxo npo-
rpamme no anntm xon]nnxron (YHK) n enapramenre nccneonann nponem mnpa n
xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. 3xcnepr YHK, cnennannsnpymmncx na nc-
cneonannxx pernona Fnnxnero Bocroxa n Cenepno A]pnxn no npemx Apacxo necnt.

1EMHP, Bomma, Bnennx (THEMNR, Lotta) xoopnnarop nccneonann n Yn-
ncantcxo nporpamme no anntm xon]nnxron (YHK) n enapramenre nccneonann
nponem mnpa n xon]nnxron Ynncantcxoro ynnnepcnrera. nnxercx peaxropom noctmn
romon nayuntx rpyon YHK States in Armed Conflict n coanropom pxa crare n rnan n
paorax no noopyxenntm xon]nnxram. Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom
CHHPH c 2005 r.

0AHHHHH Ku+p, upannnx (FANCHINI, Claire) nayunt accncrenr n nporpamme
CHHPH no noopyxenntm xon]nnxram n nx yperynnponannm. Cnennannsnpyercx na nc-
cneonannxx mnpornopuecxnx onepann n npnunn noopyxenntx xon]nnxron. Taxxe
yuacrnyer n npoexre CHHPH no nonpocam esonacnocrn, emoxparnsannn n rocyapcr-
nennoro ynpannennx n crpanax A]pnxn. Panee paorana no ]pannyscxom orenennn op-
rannsannn Amnesty International xpearnnntm nncarenem. Ee nocnenne nynnxannn
nxnmuamr Ressources et conflits: de nouveaux dfis la scuritinternationale du XXIe
sicle [Resources and conflicts: emerging challenges to international security in the 21st cen-
tury], Diplomatie, Grands Dossiers no. 7 (Feb.Mar. 2012).

0EHEHKO, Bumauu, Poccnx crapmn nccneonarent n nporpamme CHHPH no xon-
rponm na noopyxennxmn n nepacnpocrpanennm. Cnennannsnpyercx na nonpocax xep-
no esonacnocrn, a raxxe na nonnrnuecxnx, rexnonornuecxnx n opasonarentntx ac-
nexrax xonrponx na xepntmn noopyxennxmn n nepacnpocrpanennx. Panee tn
npnrnamenntm nccneonarenem n CHHPH, paoran n HHP-nenrpe nonnrnuecxnx nccne-
onann Poccnn n Hncrnryre npnxnantx mexynapontx nccneonann n Mocxne. n-
nxercx anropom n coanropom pxa nynnxann no nonpocam +xcneprno-rexnnuecxoro
anannsa xepntx marepnanon, xepno esonacnocrn n nepn]nxannn, a raxxe mexyna-
ponoro xepnoro ronnnnnoro nnxna, nxnmuax Reforming Nuclear Export Controls: The
Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, SIPRI Research Report no. 22 (2007, coanrop). Hn-
mer n Exeronnx CHHPH c 2005 r.

XAP1, xou, CBA (HART, John) crapmn nccneonarent n rnana npoexra no xnmn-
uecxo n nonornuecxo esonacnocrn n pamxax nporpammt CHHPH no xonrponm na
noopyxennxmn n nepacnpocrpanennm. nnxercx raxxe oxropanrom noenntx nayx Ynn-
nepcnrera nannonantno oopont unnnxnnn. B 2011 r. nosrnannxn +xcneprnym rpynny
no oecneuennm noepxxn spanooxpanennx n crpanax Henrpantno Asnn n Rxnoro
Kanxasa n pamxax Hncrpymenra cranntnocrn EC. Ero nynnxannn nxnmuamr Chemical
Weapon Destruction in Russia: Political, Legal and Technical Aspects (1998, copeaxrop) n
Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare (Scarecrow Press, 2007,
coanrop). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 1997 r.

OB ABTOPAX 583
-p XOB1OM, Hou, Bennxopnrannx (HOLTOM, Paul) pyxononrent nporpammt
CHHPH no ropronne opyxnem. Panee paoran nccneonarenem n Henrpe no nccneonann-
xm norpannuntx nponem n Ynnnepcnrere Inamoprana. Hccneonarentcxne nnrepect
nxnmuamr: monnropnnr mexynapono ropronnn otuntmn noopyxennxmn; co cnenna-
nnsanne na Poccnn, Bocrouno Enpone n Henrpantno Asnn; coecrnne nontmennm
npospaunocrn n mexynapono ropronne opyxnem; ycnnenne xonrponx na ropronne
otuntmn noopyxennxmn nx npeornpamennx nesaxonno ropronnn nmn. Ero camte no-
cnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: Implementing an Arms Trade Treaty: Lessons on Reporting
and Monitoring from Existing Mechanisms, SIPRI Policy Paper no. 28 (July 2011, coanrop),
China's Energy and Security Relations with Russia: Hopes, Frustrations and Uncertainties,
SIPRI Policy Paper no. 29 (Oct. 2011, coanrop) n European Union arms export control out-
reach activities in Eastern and South Eastern Europe, Non-proliferation Papers no. 14 (Apr.
2012, coanrop). Hpnnnmaer yuacrne n paore na Exeronnxom CHHPH c 2007 r.

HEBL, 0uuun, Iepmannx (SCHELL, Phillip) nccneonarent n nporpamme CHHPH no
xonrponm na noopyxennxmn n nepacnpocrpanennm. o npnxoa n cenrxpe 2011 r. n
CHHPH paoran n ynpannennn nontx ntsonon esonacnocrn HATO n n Henrpe nsyuennx
nponem nepacnpocrpanennx nm. xemca Maprnna.

-p HHC, 3uusaem, Bnennx (SKNS, Elisabeth) pyxononrent nporpammt CHHPH
no noenntm pacxoam n nponsnocrny opyxnx. B nacroxmee npemx cnennannsnpyercx na
nccneonannxx exrentnocrn nnemnnx axropon n A]pnxe, cnxsanno c nonpocamn eso-
nacnocrn n nosrnannxer npoexr CHHPH no nonpocam esonacnocrn, emoxparnsannn n ro-
cyapcrnennoro ynpannennx n crpanax A]pnxn. Ee nocnenne nynnxannn nxnmuamr: The
private military services industry, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security no. 2008/1 (Sep. 2008,
coanrop), The economics of arms production n Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict
(Elsevier, 2008, coanrop), The military-industrial complex n The Global Arms Trade
(Routledge, 2010, coanrop) n The US defence industry after the cold war n The Global Arms
Trade (Routledge 2010). Yuacrnyer n ntnycxax Exeronnxa CHHPH c 1983 r.

HHHHA, Ka+uuua, Hrannx/Bnennx (SCHIPPA, Camilla) npexrop Hncrnryra +xono-
mnxn n mnpa (H3M), n xoropom xax pyxononr paspaorxo Inoantnoro nnexca mn-
ponmnx, rax n npononr mexynaponte nayunte nccneonannx no anno remarnxe.
o 2008 r. nosrnannxna annapar Fmpo OOH no nonpocam naprnepcrna, re pyxononna
cosannem crparernuecxnx comson mexy OOH n uacrntmn xopnopannxmn, ]onamn n
nnnamn, sannmammnmncx narornopnrentno exrentnocrtm. Hnmer n exeronnx
CHHPH c 2010 r.

-p HMH1, Xauc-Hoaxu+, Iepmannx (SCHMIDT, Hans-Joachim) crapmn nccneo-
narent upanx]yprcxoro nncrnryra nccneonann nponem mnpa. Cnennannsnpyercx na
noenntx mepax yxpennennx onepnx n xonrpone na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n
Enpone n na Kopecxom nonyocrpone. Taxxe nsyuaer mecrncroponnne neperonopt no
cenepoxopecxo xepno nponemarnxe. Ero nynnxannn nxnmuamr: The Future of Con-
ventional Arms Control in Europe (Nomos 2009, copeaxrop), Konventionelle Rstungskon-
trolle in Europa: Wege in die Zukunft [Conventional arms control in Europe: paths towards
the future], HSFK Report no. 6/2011 (coanrop), Caps and bans: limiting, reducing, and pro-
hibiting missiles and missile defence n Arms Control and Missile Proliferation in the Middle
East (Routledge, 2011, coanrop) n Nordkoreaals Nuklearmacht: Chancen der Kontrolle
[North Korea as a nuclear power: chances of its control], HSFK Report no. 1/2012.

EEIOHHK CHHPH 2012 584
3BAHC, Iapem, Ancrpannx (EVANS, Gareth) pexrop Ancrpanncxoro nannonantnoro
ynnnepcnrera, npo]eccop ynnnepcnrera Mentypna n nouernt npesnenr Mexyna-
pono xpnsncno rpynnt, xoropym on nosrnannxn c 2000 no 2009 r. B reuenne 21 roa
tn unenom napnamenra Ancrpannn n 13 ner xnnxncx unenom xannera mnnncrpon, pao-
rax mnnncrpom nnocrpanntx en c 1988 no 1996 r. nnxncx conpecearenem Mexyna-
pono xomnccnn no nonpocam nmemarentcrna n rocyapcrnennoro cynepennrera (2000
2001 rr.), xoropax nnnnnnponana xonnennnm ornercrnennocrn no samnre, n Mexyna-
pono xomnccnn no xepnomy nepacnpocrpanennm n pasopyxennm (20082010 rr.). On
anrop nnn peaxrop enxrn xnnr, nxnmuax The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass
Atrocity Crimes Once and for All (Brookings Institution Press, 2008).

-p 3H1OHH, Hau, Bennxopnrannx (ANTHONY, Ian) xoopnnarop nccneonann
CHHPH n npexrop nporpammt CHHPH no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn n nepacnpo-
crpanennm. Ero nynnxannn n CHHPH nxnmuamr: Reforming Nuclear Export Controls:
the Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, SIPRI Research Report no. 22 (2007, coanrop) n
The Future of Nuclear Weapons in NATO (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2010, coanrop). Hpnnn-
maer yuacrne n ntnycxax Exeronnxa CHHPH c 1988 r.








CREUHARLHOE RPHROXEHHE HMSMO
K PYCCKOMY H3AHHK
EXEFOHHKA CHRPH 2012

I. Anannrnuecxne crartn, npornost, ncxyccnn
II. Hayunax +xcneprnsa
III. oxymenrt n cnpanounte marepnant



I. AHAAHTHHECKHE CTATBH, HPOIHO3B,
HCKYCCHH


1. KAK 3AHYCTHTI HPOHECC MHOIOCTOPOHHEIO
EPHOIO PA3OPYEHH?
Marepnant Yuenoro conera HM3MO, nocnxmennoro nepcnexrnnam mnoro-
croponnero orpannuennx xepntx noopyxenn
V:eui coeem HMJMO cocmo.c 26 ceumop 2012 e. noo npeoceoame.icm-
eo+ araoe+ura Buau+upa Bapauoecroeo. C oor.aoo+ Hepexoo r +uoeocmo-
pouue+y oepuo+y pasopy+euum: npoo.e+i u eapuaumi eicmynu. pyroeo-
oume.i Heumpa +e+oyuapoouo oesonacuocmu HMJMO, araoe+ur Auerce
Apamoe. Hpeocmae.e+ euu+auum :umame.e mesuci oor.aoa, a mar+e
rpamru oosop oucryccuu, e romopo npuu.u y:acmue eeoyuue compyouuru
HMJMO u npue.aueuuie cneua.ucmi us opyeux opeauusau. Oocy+oa.uci
eonpoci cmpameeu:ecroeo oa.auca, nepcnermuei oepauu:euu oepuix cu.
mpemiux cmpau :.euoe oepuoeo r.yoa, eapuaumi +uoeocmopouueeo oep-
uoeo pasopy+euu, eos+o+ua ocuoea nparmu:ecrux nepeeoeopoe
1
.


Hepexo x unoroc1oponneuy nepnouy pasopyaennm: nponeum
n napnan1m. Tesuci oor.aoa

Anexce APFATOB

1.1. K coxanennm, n nacroxmee npemx neperonopt mexy Poccne n
CBA no xepnomy pasopyxennm naxoxrcx n rynnxe. Ho n n raxnx ycnonnxx
nyxno ncxart rouxn conpnxocnonennx n c]epe xepnoro pasopyxennx. Ono
ns nnx xnnxercx rema pacmnpennx xpyra rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon nponecca,
xoropt ne moxer ecxoneuno ocranartcx nycroponnnm. 3a onee uem 20
ner, npomemnx nocne oxonuannx xonono nont, mnponte xepnte apce-
nant coxparnnnct nourn na nopxox (n 910 pas), npnuem, n ocnonnom sa cuer
nsanmntx nnn onocroponnnx coxpamenn xepnoro opyxnx (O) CBA n
Poccnn.
1.2. Tontxo npnstnt nnn nonnrnuecxoe annenne co cropont Poccnn n
CBA ena nn yyr ocrarount n ycnonnxx nce onee nonnnenrpnunoro mn-
pa n pacryme nesanncnmocrn ocrantntx rnoantntx n pernonantntx nen-

1
O nosmoxnocrxx n nepcnexrnnax nonneuennx Knrax, Hnnn n Haxncrana n nponecc or-
pannuennx xepntx noopyxenn cm. raxxe cneymmne marepnant, nynnxyemte n nacrox-
mem nsannn: Toni:rauoe H. Pont xepnoro opyxnx n Rxno Asnn: nonnrnxa, rexnonornn,
oxrpnnt; Auu:ruua T. Poccncxne +xcneprt o nosmoxnocrn npnnneuennx Knrax x mnoro-
croponnnm neperonopam no xonrponm na xepntmn noopyxennxmn; Hu+oe . Hepcnexrnnt
npncoennennx Hnnn n Haxncrana x orpannuennm xepntx noopyxenn. Kon]epennnx n
HM3MO.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 588
rpon cnnt. Fes sanenxn sa peantnte nnrepect rpertnx epxan pasnnunte
mexannuecxne cxemt nx noxnmuennx ne cpaoramr, xaxnmn t yontmn
n crpontmn onn nn xasannct n Mocxne nnn Bamnnrrone.
1.3. Ha npnstnt nyx rnanntx xepntx epxan npncoennnrtcx x xep-
nomy pasopyxennm ocrantnte unent xepnoro xnya nensmenno n cran-
aprno pearnpymr n rom yxe, uro nx +roro ontmax noxa onxna cna-
uana coxparnrt cnon apcenant o yponnx, onee nnsxoro x yponnxm noopy-
xenn pyrnx crpan.
Hpnuem, no onpeenennm, peut ner o xepntx apcenanax n nenom, a ne
rontxo o crparernuecxnx noopyxennxx, xoropte Poccnx n CBA orpannunnn
no nonomy oronopy CHB noronxom n 1550 oesapxon x 2018 r. Taxoro opy-
xnx y rpertnx epxan nnn ouent nemnoro nnn noome ner. Ho+romy peut
ner o ononnnrentnom coxpamennn xepntx cnn Pu n CBA xax mnnnmym n
10 pas o yponne n necxontxo coren ennnn! Tpyno nonepnrt, uro ne
xepnte cnepxepxant couryr +ro npnemnemtm.
Hpn +rom nce anennnpymr x cr. VI oronopa o nepacnpocrpanennn xep-
noro opyxnx (HO), no nosnnnx rex n pyrnx noxa ocraercx ontme nonn-
rnuecxo pnropnxo, a ne ocnono nx npaxrnuecxnx neperonopon.
Paccmorpnm +ry nponemarnxy n nyx acnexrax: nonnrnuecxom n noen-
no-crparernuecxom.
2.1. Honn1nuecxnn acnex1. Hexoropte nonnrnuecxne coopaxennx cranxr
no nonpoc nem noxnmuennx rpertnx crpan x neperonopam xax ncex nme-
cre, rax n no ]opmantntm rpynnam: enponecxax noxa, nxrepxa HO,
uernepxa ayrcaepon HO. eno n rom, uro noenno-nonnrnuecxne orno-
mennx Poccnn n CBA c rpertnmn crpanamn cnnmxom pasnnunt, urot pe-
mart nponemy no ]opmantntm npnsnaxam.
2.2. Ornomennx Poccnn c Bennxopnranne n upannne xax unenamn
HATO n anno onacrn onpeenxmrcx nsanmoecrnnem Pu c CBA. ne
enponecxne xepnte epxant nnonne orxptrt n ornomennn xepntx cnn,
cymecrnenno coxparnnn nx n nnannpymr antnemee coxpamenne n oospn-
mom yymem. Ceptesno camocroxrentno nnn ononnnrentno xepno
yrpost nx Pu, xax n ontmoro nnnxnnx na npornosnpyemt noennt a-
nanc, +rn rocyapcrna ne npecrannxmr no ncxxom cnyuae, noxa crparernue-
cxne xepnte cnnt (CC) Poccnn n CBA yyr npentmart yponent n 1000
e. (no oesapxam).
2.3. Hnnx xnnxercx rpannnonntm nnsxnm coparnnxom, a Hspannt
ornocnrentno neannnm naprnepom Poccnn. nx CBA Hspannt annn
]axrnuecxn comsnnx, a Hnnx nont naprnep. Hx noxnmuenne x xep-
nomy pasopyxennm nx Poccnn n CBA reopernuecxn xenarentno, no n nnane
esonacnocrn ne xnnxercx cxontxo-nnyt naxntm nnn cpountm enom.
2.4. Hanontmym rpenory y Poccnn onxnt ntstnart ornomennx c Ha-
xncranom n KHP, xoropte moryr trt pesxo ecrannnsnponant n cnyuae
panxantntx n ne sanncxmnx or Pu nepemen no nnyrpennem nonoxennn n
nnemne nonnrnxe +rnx crpan. Eme menee npecxasyem Hpan, ecnn on nepe-
marner xepnt nopor, uro moxer cnpononnponart nony n pernone n
(nnn) nennym peaxnnm antnemero xepnoro n paxernoro pacnpocrpanennx
nnnsn poccncxnx rpannn.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 589
2.5. Hn n xoem cnyuae ne cranx c nnmn na ony ocxy Knra nonym
cnepxepxany XXI n., c xoropo y Poccnn pasnnnamrcx crparernuecxne napr-
nepcxne ornomennx, n ero nnyrpenne n nnemne nonnrnxe roxe nentsx nc-
xnmuart xpyrtx nonoporon. C yuerom ero pacrymero noenno-+xonomnuecxoro
norennnana, Knra enncrnennax n mnpe epxana, cnoconax n reuenne 10
15 ner napacrnrt paxerno-xepnym momt n cpannxrtcx c Pu n CBA, rem ca-
mtm xopenntm opasom nsmennn rnoantnym crparernuecxym xaprnny mnpa,
uro nanpxmym sarponer nnrepect esonacnocrn Pu, CBA n cocennx crpan.
2.6. Ho+romy orpannuenne xepntx noopyxenn KHP n Haxncrana, a
eme nyume xepnoe pasopyxenne Haxncrana n KHP, npeornpamenne o-
perennx O Hpanom esycnonno, xnnxmrcx naxnemnm nnrepecom eso-
nacnocrn Poccnn.
Hnrepecno, uro +ro n npnnnnne connaaer n c npnopnreramn CBA, xorx
annoe ocroxrentcrno noxa ne crano oexrom omecrnenno-nonnrnuecxoro
nnnmannx nyx epxan. Onaxo n nmom cnyuae nx ocrnxennx raxnx nene
rpeyercx coornercrnymmn ]opmar n momenr.
2.7. Kpome roro, nentsx onycrnrt, urot n nonnrnuecxom nnane pacmn-
penne cocrana yuacrnnxon nponecca nnmnno Poccnm ee ntnemnero ynnxant-
noro nonoxennx rnannoro n npnnnnernponannoro naprnepa CBA no nsanmo-
ecrnnm n coxpamennn xepntx noopyxenn.
3.1. C1pa1ernuecxne anancm. Homnx o rom, uro rpertn xepnte ep-
xant npnnnnnnantno ne cornacnt oennxrtcx n ony nnn ne rpynnt nx
conocrannennx c xepntmn cnnamn xaxo ns nyx cnepxepxan, nx yo-
crna onenox noennoro ananca nenecoopasno nce xe cxemarnuno pasnrt
xepnym enxrxy xorx t na rpn rpynnt. Bo-nepntx, +ro neymax no-
xa cnepxepxan: Poccnx n CBA; no-nroptx, rpoxa ocrantntx xepntx
rocyapcrn unenon HO n nocroxnntx unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn
OOH: Bennxopnrannx, upannnx, Knra; n-rpertnx, uernepxa ayrcaepon
HO: Hspannt, Hnnx, Haxncran n Cenepnax Kopex.
Hpn +rom oexrnnnocrt npenonaraer cpannenne conocrannmtx no
xnaccam xepntx noopyxenn rocyapcrn, a ne orpannuenntx nontm oro-
nopom CHB poccncxnx n amepnxancxnx crparernuecxnx xepntx cnn c co-
noxynnocrtm ncex xepntx cpecrn ocrantntx rocyapcrn onaarene O.
3.2. Tax, ecnn cornacno +xcneprntm onenxam cnoxnrt nce xepnte cpe-
crna rpoxn n uernepxn no uncny oesapxon (ns nnx nnmt Bennxopn-
rannx n upannnx orxptro nynnxymr nn]opmannm o cnonx xepntx cnnax),
ro c nnmn cneyer cpannnnart ne rontxo crparernuecxne cnnt, no nce xep-
nte apcenant Poccnn n CBA. K nnm ornocxrcx crparernuecxne n ocrpare-
rnuecxne (oneparnnno-raxrnuecxne) noopyxennx xax oneparnnno pasnepnyrte,
rax n na cxnacxom xpanennn n pasntx pexnmax rexnnuecxoro cocroxnnx n
coepxannx.
Tora coornomenne cnn mexy xaxo ns nyx neymnx epxan, c o-
no cropont, n axe cymmapno uncnennocrtm apcenanon rpoxn n
noxn ntrnxnr xpane acnmmerpnuno n nontsy Pu n CBA. Inannax ne-
onpeenennocrt cnxsana onee ncero c onenxo xepntx cnn Knrax, nocxont-
xy ocraercx es oxcnennx npenasnauenne orpomntx samnmenntx nosem-
ntx ronnene, coopyxaemtx Bropo aprnnnepne HOAK (ananorom poccn-
cxnx PBCH). Ecnn n nnx pasmemamrcx monntnte paxert cpene n
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 590
mexxonrnnenrantno antnocrn, ro nx uncno moxer ocrnrart mnornx coren,
a oerononox rtcxu ennnn, yxptrtx n ronnentntx coopyxennxx ome
nporxxennocrtm npnmepno n 5 rtc. xm.
3.3. Hocxontxy uame ncero rontxo crparernuecxne cnnt ontmo no-
xn cpannnnamrcx c xepntmn cpecrnamn rpertnx rocyapcrn, nocrontxy
xoppexrno ntunennrt noopyxennx rpoxn n uernepxn, nonaammne no
xareropnm crparernuecxnx noopyxenn, xnnxmmnxcx oexrom nonoro oro-
nopa CHB. Tora coornomenne eme onee menxercx n nontsy Pu n CBA.
3.4. Hepexo n xauecrne npemera pacmnpennx ]opmara neperonopon
npnnoxrcx paxert cpene n mentme antnocrn, xoropte CBA n CCCP
nnxnnnponann no oronopy PCM or 1987 r. B 2007 r. ne epxant axe
cooma npnsnann nce ocrantnte crpant npncoennnrtcx x +romy oronopy.
Honxrno, uro nexepnte rocyapcrna cxoy orneprnn +ry nnnnnarnny xax ne-
pannonpannym. Ho axe ecnn necrn peut rontxo o crpanax c xepntmn paxe-
ramn n oennnrt CC n cncremt, nonaammne no oronop PCM, ro n
rora coornomenne apcenanon Pu, CBA, rpoxn n uernepxn nce panno
nonyuaercx cymecrnenno n nontsy ontmo noxn.
3.5. Taxnm opasom, npn nce xenarentnocrn orpannuennx n coxpame-
nnx xepntx noopyxenn rpertnx crpan xax raxonoro, n nnane noennoro a-
nanca no conocrannmtm xareropnxm axe nocne ntnonnennx nonoro orono-
pa CHB, Poccnx n CBA coxpanxr orpomnoe npenocxocrno na xepntmn
cnnamn ocrantntx rocyapcrn. Hpnuem +ro cnpanennno n ornomennn ncex nnx
xax n conoxynnocrn, rax no rpynnam n rem onee xaxoro no orentnocrn.
Kpome roro, coornomenne cnn raxono, uro noxa n na nporxxennn xax
mnnnmym nocneymmero ecxrnnernx c noenno rouxn spennx (n ornnune or
nonnrnuecxo) ner xnno oxsarentnocrn nnn cpounocrn n noxnmuennn x
orpannuennm noopyxenn rpertnx crpan. 3ro ornocnrcx ne rontxo x nono-
xennm en nocne ntnonnennx nonoro oronopa CHB, no axe x rnnorernue-
cxo cnryannn saxnmuennx cneymmero oronopa, ecnn nocne 2020 r. on or-
pannunr CC nyx rnanntx xepntx epxan yponnem npnmepno n 1000
oesapxon. (Bosmoxnocrt raxoro oronopa c yuerom pasnornacn no HPO,
ntcoxorountm otuntm noopyxennxm, raxrnuecxomy xepnomy opyxnm
orentnax rema.)
3.6. Eme onee naxnt momenr cocronr n rom, uro ceptesnte neperono-
pt n cornamennx no orpannuennm xepntx noopyxenn +ro ne ]opmantnoe
npncoennenne x omnm pesonmnnxm OOH nnn HO, a naxnemn +ne-
menr noenno-crparernuecxnx ornomenn rocyapcrn. Ho+romy nx corname-
nn o orpannuennn noopyxenn neoxonmo, xax mnnnmym, urot raxne
crparernuecxne ornomennx cymecrnonann (nanpnmep, nsanmnoro xepnoro
cepxnnannx, xax mexy CBA n Poccne, a npexe Conercxnm Comsom).
Tora ono rocyapcrno moxer orpannunrt cnon noopyxennte cnnt n noen-
nte nporpammt n omen na ro, uro nx orpannunnaer pyroe n cornaconan-
nom coornomennn, nopxxe n na oronopntx ycnonnxx. B +rom cyrt npaxrn-
uecxnx neperonopon o orpannuennn n coxpamennn noopyxenn.
He cneyer satnart, uro rpertn epxant ne crarncrt rnoantnoro
xepnoro ananca. Tax xe, xax CCCP/Poccnx n CBA, xaxoe xepnoe rocy-
apcrno cnxstnaer c +rnm opyxnem cocrnennte nnrepect: cepxnnanne
xepno nnn xonnennnonantno arpeccnn, mexynapont craryc n npe-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 591
crnx, noenno-nonnrnuecxoe annenne na npornnnnxon, xostpt na nepero-
nopax no pyrnm remam n np.
Hexoropte xepnte epxant nmemr ornomennx onee nnn menee cnm-
merpnunoro nsanmnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx, xoropoe npn npounx panntx
cosaer onrnmantnte ycnonnx nx neperonopon. pyrne crpant nmemr
acnmmerpnunte ornomennx xepnoro cepxnnannx, xora n nannunn npenoc-
xocrno ono ns nnx, uro sarpynxer cornamennx. Tpertn n npnnnnne moryr
nanecrn pyr no pyry xepnt yap, no nsanmnoe cepxnnanne n cnny nonn-
rnuecxnx npnunn cronr na sanem nnane nx ornomenn n xnnxercx xax t
narenrntm, uro ne cosaer ocrarounoro crnmyna x neperonopam. Haxonen,
uerneprte noome ne nmemr ornomenn nsanmnoro cepxnnannx no noenno-
rexnnuecxnm nnn nonnrnuecxnm npnunnam.
3.7. Bennxopnrannx n upannnx xepnte epxant n naxoxrcx n npe-
enax ocxraemocrn xepntx noopyxenn pyr pyra, no mexy nnmn ner
ornomenn nsanmnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx. Y nnx ner npemera nx nepe-
ronopon o nsanmnom orpannuennn xepntx cnn. To xe n npnnnnne cnpane-
nnno nx ornomenn nasnanntx nyx epxan c CBA: nce onn xnnxmrcx co-
msnnxamn no HATO.
3.8. Hcxox ns ro xe nornxn, ner ocnonann nx neperonopon o nsanm-
nom orpannuennn xepntx noopyxenn Knrax c Bennxopnranne n upan-
nne: onn naxoxrcx nne ocxraemocrn noopyxenn pyr pyra n ne nmemr
ornomenn xepnoro cepxnnannx. Pasmept n xapaxrepncrnxn xepnoro no-
rennnana Hexnna ne nmemr nnxaxoro ornomennx x cnnam n nporpammam Ha-
pnxa n Honona, n mexy nnmn ner ocnont nx cornamenn o nsanmnom or-
pannuennn noopyxenn, xorx nce onn nxoxr n nxrepxy HO.
3.9. Bsanmnoe xepnoe cepxnnanne no nonnrnuecxnm nnn noenno-
rexnnuecxnm npnunnam orcyrcrnyer raxxe n ornomennxx CBA, upannnn n
Bennxopnrannn c Hspannem, Hnne n Haxncranom. B ntcme crenenn
acnmmerpnunoe xepnoe cepxnnanne mexy CBA n KHP raxxe ne ocran-
nxer naext na nsanmnoe orpannuenne noopyxenn (xpome xonnennnn
esxepno sont na Kopecxom nonyocrpone). Taxnx ornomenn ne npo-
cmarpnnaercx n n crparernuecxnx nsanmoornomennxx Poccnn c Hnne, rora
xax n ornomennxx Pu c Hspannem, Haxncranom n KHP nonpoc ne xcen. Xorx
xepnoe cepxnnanne ryr moxer npncyrcrnonart saxynncno (narenrno),
ono ena nn cosaer ocxsaemt npemer neperonopon o nsanmnom orpannue-
nnn noopyxenn.
Touno rax xe y Knrax ner nsanmoecrnnx no moenn xepnoro cepxn-
nannx c Hspannem, Haxncranom n KHP: nepnt naxonrcx nne ocxraemo-
crn ocnonntx cncrem ocranxn O, a na pyrnx ]axrnuecxn nnn mpnn-
uecxn comsnnxn Hexnna.
3.10. B ornnune or +roro crparernuecxne ornomennx Bennxopnrannn n
upannnn c Poccne nmemr n cnoe ocnone nsanmnoe xepnoe cepxnnanne.
Crparernuecxax ocnona nx neperonopon ecrt, xorx ona nectma acnmmerpnuna
n npaxrnuecxn namynart ee nenerxo.
3.11. Fesycnonno, acnmmerpnunoe nsanmnoe xepnoe cepxnnanne npn-
cyrcrnyer n ornomennxx CBA n KHP, a raxxe nernacno (narenrno) mexy
Poccne n Knraem. Bnpouem, +ror rpeyrontnnx ornmt ne pannoepennt
xax no yponnxm cnn, rax n no nonnrnuecxo yanennocrn epxan pyr or py-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 592
ra. Hpn +rom ecnn n crparernuecxom nnane nannune npemera neperonopon
mexy CBA n Poccne nnn CBA n KHP ne ntstnaer comnenn, ro nanor
mexy Poccne n Knraem namnoro onee rymannax rema. Bo ncxxom cnyuae,
nectma comnnrentno, uro raxne neperonopt n cornamennx n oospnmom y-
ymem nosmoxnt n rpexcroponnem ]opmare.
3.12. Ho ro xe nornxe ornomennx nsanmnoro cepxnnannx n neperono-
pt nosmoxnt n n nepcnexrnne neoxonmt mexy Hnne n Haxncranom,
xax n mexy Hnne n KHP. Ho n ryr xnsnecnoconocrt rpexcroponnero ]op-
mara anexo ne ouennna n crparernuecxom n noenno-rexnnuecxom acnexrax.
3.13. Haxonen, na nernacntx n nenpnsnanntx xepntx rocyapcrna na
npornnononoxntx oxpannax Enpasnn Hspannt n KHP ena nn moryr
crart ]opmantntmn yuacrnnxamn neperonopon o pasopyxennn c xem t ro nn
tno. Ecnn nx xepnte cpecrna xora-ro cranyr npemerom cornamenn, ro,
cxopee ncero, n pamxax pemennx nponem esonacnocrn, orpannuennx otu-
ntx noopyxenntx cnn, yperynnponannx nonnrnuecxnx, +xonomnuecxnx, rep-
pnropnantntx n nnyrpennnx nonpocon. 3ro npenonaraer pernonantnt
]opmar n xonrexcr yxpennennx pexnmon HO, a ne rpannnonnym moent
cornamenn o nsanmnom orpannuennn xepntx noopyxenn.
3.14. B nenom, nocxontxy xepnte ananct rpertnx crpan ropaso onee
rnyoxo nnncant n pernonantnt xonrexcr, uem CC Poccnn n CBA, na nep-
cnexrnnt orpannuennx nx xepntx noopyxenn yyr namnoro cnntnee nnn-
xrt nepemennte reppnropnantnte nonpoct (xax n +rnnuecxne, xon]eccno-
nantnte n nnyrpnnonnrnuecxne nponemt) n ornomennxx mexy Hnne n
Haxncranom, KHP n Hnne, KHP n Tananem, crpanamn Fnnxnero n Cpe-
nero Bocroxa, a raxxe n cnryannn na Kopecxom nonyocrpone. Pernonantnoe
coornomenne cnn omero nasnauennx no ncex yxasanntx paonax yer sna-
unrentno ontme onnert na xepntm pasopyxennem, uem +ro tno n cny-
uae neperonopon no OCB/CHB mexy Poccne/CCCP n CBA.
Kpome roro, c yuerom ornocnrentno neontmo uncnennocrn n menee
ntcoxnx xauecrnenntx xapaxrepncrnx xepntx cnn rpertnx crpan nonpoct
nx ocrarounocrn n nosmoxnocrn orpannuennx eme onee ycnoxnxmrcx
nnnxnnem na noennt ananc co cropont nnrencnnno pasnnnaemtx cncrem
pernonantno n rnoantno HPO n ntcoxorountx otuntx noopyxenn
ontmo antnocrn.
4.1. Bapnan1m unoroc1oponnero nepnoro pasopyaennn. epnoe pa-
sopyxenne yxe nmeer nexoropte mnorocroponnne ]opmart n nne oronopon
o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx, sanpemennn ero pasmemennx n xoc-
moce, nceoemnmmem sanpemennn xepntx ncntrann n np. Ho npxmtx
orpannuenn xepntx cnn rpertnx crpan noxa ner, n nmenno +ro nmeercx n
nny no nepexoom xepnoro pasopyxennx or nycroponnero x mnorocro-
ponnemy ]opmary.
Ormeuennte ntme cnoxnocrn ne osnauamr, uro pacmnpenne xpyra rocy-
apcrn yuacrnnxon nponecca xepnoro pasopyxennx n npnnnnne nenosmox-
no, xorx +ro yer namnoro onee rpyntm enom, uem 40-nernxx ncropnx ne-
peronopon Mocxnt n Bamnnrrona.
Kax npecrannxercx, npn nannunn nonnrnuecxo nonn n conmemennn
ycnnn nyx neymnx xepntx epxan, a raxxe, esycnonno, napannentno c
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 593
npoonxennem nx neperonopon n cornamenn n +ro onacrn nepe]opmarn-
ponanne nponecca c nycroponnero n mnorocroponnn n npnnnnne nosmoxno.
Onaxo +ro nepe]opmarnponanne ne yer nmert moent npxmoro no-
xnmuennx x poccncxo-amepnxancxnm neperonopam noxn (Bennxopnra-
nnx n upannnx), rpoxn (re xe n KHP) n uernepxn (Hspannt, Hnnx, Ha-
xncran, KHP) xepntx rocyapcrn.
4.2. Fonee nepoxrnt n oospnmom yymem (20202030 rr.) napnanr
necxontxo ]opymon nycroponnero ]opmara:
Bennxopnrannx/upannnx Poccnx; CBA KHP.
Poccnx KHP (no ontmnm nonpocom).
KHP Hnnx (raxxe cnoxno).
Hnnx Haxncran.
Kaxax-ro xoopnnannx +rnx ]opymon mexy coo tna t ntcmnm
ocrnxennem nnnomarnn Mocxnt n Bamnnrrona.
Hpn +rom n pxe cnyuaen rpertn crpant onxnt yyr onnpartcx na
rexnnuecxne cpecrna xonrponx Poccnn n CBA nnn cnennantntx mexyna-
pontx oprannsann (n pamxax OOH nnn MAIAT3).
4.3. Enponencxne epaanm. Bce npomnte nontrxn CCCP oennnrt
cnnt enponecxnx crpan n CC CBA n orpannunrt nx enntm noronxom
tnn orneprnyrt 3anaom na rom ocnonannn, uro cnnt Bennxopnrannn n
upannnn xnnxmrcx nannonantntmn, a ne xonnexrnnntmn norennnanamn
cepxnnannx
2
. B yymem +ra nosnnnx ena nn nsmennrcx. Orentntm nepe-
ronopam Poccnn c nymx enponecxnmn crpanamn memaer orpomnax acnmmer-
pnx CC cropon.
Cornacne Bennxopnrannn n upannnn xorx t na nexoropte mept o-
nepnx, rpancnapenrnocrn, nncnexnnonno exrentnocrn ns menm nonoro
oronopa CHB nmeno t ontmoe nonoxnrentnoe snauenne xax npeneenr n
xax npnmep nx pyrnx crpan, npexe ncero, Knrax. Ho ne enponecxne
epxant, nepoxrno, ne cornacxrcx rpaxronart +ro xax mpnnuecxn oxst-
nammee orpannuenne cnonx xepntx noopyxenn (axe cornacno onocro-
ponne npnnxrtm nporpammamn moepnnsannn), nocxontxy ne noyr na
mpnnuecxym nerannsannm poccncxoro npenocxocrna.
uro xacaercx oxsarentcrna Bennxopnrannn n upannnn ne napamnnart
xepnte cnnt, ro necomtm ononnnrentntm aprymenrom, urot sannrepeco-
nart CBA n HATO, morno t crart cornacne Poccnn na neperonopt no TO.
4.4. Kn1an. KHP, no nce nepoxrnocrn, moxno nocrenenno nonneut n
nponecc orpannuennx xepntx noopyxenn, no +ror nyrt yer nexart ne
uepes narne noxenannx o pacmnpennn uncna yuacrnnxon nponecca. Bonne-
uenne KHP nosmoxno rontxo na cyryo nparmarnuecxo ocnone: ecnn ona co-
urer, uro ee ycrynxn no uacrn rpancnapenrnocrn n xaxnx-nno nnmnron na
noopyxennx oxynamrcx ycrynxamn CBA (n no ymonuannm Poccnn) no rem
nonpocam, xoropte nnrepecymr Hexnn.
Knra crannr mnoro ycnonn, no peantno npenoctnxo ero cornacnx
na neperonopt xnnxercx, nnnmo, npnsnanne Coennenntmn Braramn (n ne-
rnacno Poccne) npana KHP na cocrnennoe xepnoe cepxnnanne n ornome-

2
Hepnax raxax nontrxa tna npenpnnxra n pamxax Cornamennx OCB-1 or 1972 r., sa-
rem na neperonopax o OCB-2 n xonne 70-x roon n n oronope PCM or 1987 r.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 594
nnn nyx cnepxepxan, necmorpx na orcyrcrnne crparernuecxoro napnrera c
nnmn. 3ro nopasymenaer oxsarentcrno nyx neymnx epxan ne ntrartcx
ocnanrt raxo norennnan Knrax nocpecrnom nacrynarentntx cpecrn
(xepntx n otuntx) n ooponnrentntx cncrem (HPO CBA na Tnxom oxea-
ne n nosymno-xocmnuecxax oopona Poccnn sa Ypanom).
Coennenntm Braram rpyno cornacnrtcx c +rnmn nonoxennxmn n cne-
re oxsarentcrn no oecneuennm esonacnocrn comsnnxon n naprnepon (no-
nnx, Rxnax Kopex, Tanant). A nx Poccnn +ro nenerxo nnny ee pacrymero
orcranannx or KHP no cnnam omero nasnauennx (COH) n Cnnpn n na ant-
nem Bocroxe.
Taxnm opasom, noxnmuenne Knrax x nponeccy xepnoro pasopyxe-
nnx +ro nponema cymecrnennoro nepecmorpa noenno nonnrnxn CBA n
Poccnn, a ne rontxo nepemen n xypce KHP.
Peantnte npenoctnxn cornacnx KHP na no+rannoe orxptrne cnonx
crparernuecxnx noopyxenn n nx orpannuenne (xorx t uepes oxsarentcrno
ne napamnnart nx xonnuecrnenno) moryr trt raxont:
oxsarentcrno CBA ne napamnnart cpecrna HPO mopcxoro n nasem-
noro asnponannx na Tnxom oxeane;
oxsarentcrno CBA n Poccnn, uro n cnyuae nx oronopennocrn o co-
rpynnuecrne no pasnnrnm HPO n orentntx npoexrax (nanpnmep, omen
anntmn cncrem npeynpexennx o paxerntx nycxax) KHP cmoxer x nemy
noxnmunrtcx n npnemnemom nx nee ]opmare;
nepexo CBA n Pu x neperonopam o cneymmem cornamennn no CHB,
nxnmuax nnxnnannm crparernuecxnx nocnrene, orpannuenne ntcoxorou-
ntx cpecrn n nexepnom ocnamennn, paxerno-nnannpymmnx uacrnuno-
opnrantntx cncrem (n uem sannrepeconana n Poccnx);
nponnxenne n orpannuennn necrparernuecxnx xepntx noopyxenn
CBA n Poccnn, xoropoe nosnonnr nocrannrt nonpoc o rpancnapenrnocrn n or-
pannuennn xnracxnx cncrem cpene antnocrn n oneparnnno-raxrnuecxoro
xnacca (npornn uero ntcrynaer Poccnx, no n uem sannrepeconant raxxe no-
nnx, Hnnx, Rxnax Kopex, Tanant);
orxas or nen HATO o nepencnoxannn poccncxnx necrparernuecxnx
cpecrn c sanaa na nocrox.
Hanonee nepoxrnt ]opmar neperonopon nycroponnn nanor mex-
y CBA n KHP napannentno c neperonopamn no CHB mexy CBA n Poccn-
e n napxy c perynxpntmn crparernuecxnmn xoncyntrannxmn Poccnn n Kn-
rax. Tpexcroponnn ]opmar, nnnmo, nosmoxen no nonpocy corpynnuecrna n
c]epe HPO (nanpnmep, omen anntmn CHPH).
4.5. Kanan Asnn. Hpnmepnoe panencrno n onornnnocrt xepntx cnn
Hnnn n Haxncrana no nocnrenxm n oesapxam, a raxxe npaxrnxa nx pas-
entnoro xpanennx cosamr crparernuecxne n rexnnuecxne npenoctnxn nx
xnaccnuecxnx cornamenn o orpannuennn xepntx noopyxenn n mepax o-
nepnx, xax mnnnmym, npnmennrentno x cncremam paxer cpene n mentme
antnocrn no rnny oronopa PCM or 1987 r.
Hpenxrcrnnx saxnmuamrcx n ocrptx nonnrnuecxnx ornomennxx cropon
(reppnropnantnte cnopt, reppopnsm), nnncxom npenocxocrne n cnnax
omero nasnauennx, a n nepcnexrnne no HPO. Ecnn c nomomtm nennxnx
epxan n OOH +rn npenxrcrnnx yyr cnxrt, ro Rxnax Asnx moxer crart
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 595
eme onnm npnmepom nepexoa xepnoro pasopyxennx x mnorocroponnemy
]opmary, npana, ne nyrem noxnmuennx x neperonopam Poccnn n CBA, a
na orentnom pernonantnom ]opyme.
Hapannentnt nanor Poccnn n CBA no cneymmemy oronopy CHB,
corpynnuecrny n c]epe HPO, nauano nanora no TO, napxy c neperonopa-
mn CBA n Knrax, moryr omyrnmo cnococrnonart ntmeyxasannomy nponec-
cy n Rxno Asnn.
Taxxe +rn nnnnnarnnt mornn t crnmynnponart nanor na Fnnxnem
Bocroxe n Kopecxom nonyocrpone n pernonantnom macmrae n n xonrexcre
yxpennennx pexnma HO.


Heperonopm no nepnouy pasopyaennm nyaam1cn n uomnou
nnnnnnpymmeu nunyntce

Anexcanp KAHHH

B nectma coepxarentnom oxnae axaemnxa A. I. Aparona opamaer
na cex nnnmanne omn nosnrnnnt, enono nacrpo oxnaunxa na npax-
rnuecxoe pemenne cnoxnemnx nponem nepexoa x ]opmary mnorocropon-
nero xepnoro pasopyxennx n oosnauennax nm nepcnexrnna nponnxennx
raxoro nponecca.
B +rom ornomennn oxna ntrono xonrpacrnpyer c ntcrynnennxmn na
annym remy +xcnepron, nonnrnxon n unnonnnxon, xoropte npn paccmorpe-
nnn nonpocon mnorocroponnero xepnoro pasopyxennx otuno orpannunna-
mrcx nsnoxennem nnnnoro nepeunx npenapnrentntx ycnonn, npenoct-
nox n pasnnuntx ynxsox mep coxpamennx xepntx noopyxenn c pemennem
pyrnx nonpocon mexynapono esonacnocrn. Fonee roro, snyuar npey-
npexennx o nensexnocrn nosononnennx ronxn noopyxenn (no mnorom
nnmamme Poccnm nosmoxnocre pasnnrnx n paspymamme coxpanxmmym-
cx n reuenne ecxrnnern cncremy crparernuecxo cranntnocrn n onacrn
paxerno-xepntx noopyxenn). Tax uro cosaercx nneuarnenne, uro nceomee
xepnoe pasopyxenne +ro nent, npaxrnuecxn neocrnxnmax, ]anrasnx,
yronnx, nectrount nosynr, naxoxmncx sa npeenamn peantno nonnrnxn
esonacnocrn.
Heccnmncrt nenontno nonaamr n nonymxy, paccrannennym namnmn
axrnnntmn neopoxenarenxmn, nx xoroptx Poccnx oexr ncxpenra-
nnn n emonnsannn.
Heuantno, ecnn n mnponom omecrnennom mnennn yrnepnrcx npe-
crannenne o Poccnn xax o xepno epxane, crpemxmecx neonpeenenno
onro enart ynop n cnoe nonnrnxe esonacnocrn na paxerno-xepnom opy-
xnn n ne sannrepeconanno no nsxrnn na cex nontx mexynapontx oxsa-
rentcrn no panxantnomy coxpamennm xepntx noopyxenn.
uopmnponanne raxoro npecrannennx o name crpane ranr n cee oue-
nnnym onacnocrt, nrpaer na pyxy rem, xro crpemnrcx noopnart ee anropn-
rer n ene nepacnpocrpanennx O, nennr ns Poccncxo ueepannn opas
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 596
esornercrnennoro unena mexynaponoro coomecrna, caornpymmero ne-
peronopt o coxpamennn O.
Baxno nonnmart xonrexcr, n xoropom +ro ocymecrnnxercx. Henaropa-
symno neoonennnart naxnocrt roro, uro nponemarnxa xepnoro pasopyxe-
nnx crana c]epo neonornuecxoro npornnoopcrna n nn]opmannonntx
non, re n snaunrentno mepe ]opmnpyercx mexynapont nmnx rocy-
apcrn, npecrannennx o xapaxrepe nx nnemne nonnrnxn n noenno crpare-
rnn. (3axnnennx n noepxxy xypca na panxantnoe coxpamenne O ncnont-
symrcx rocyapcrnamn xax cpecrno yxpennennx cnoero anropnrera na
mexynapono apene.)
Fesycnonno, npn paccmorpennn nponemt nepexoa x mnorocroponnemy
xepnomy pasopyxennm nentsx nrnopnponart nponcxoxmne n mnpe npornno-
peunnte nponecct n c]epe nannonantno, pernonantno n rnoantno eso-
nacnocrn, pocr mexynapono necranntnocrn. Heoxonm yuer ncex es nc-
xnmuennx ]axropon, nnnxmmnx na rnoantnym crparernuecxym cranntnocrt.
Ouennno raxxe, uro n nnxame nepcnexrnne, n rpynonpecxasye-
mom n rypynenrnom mnpe, n ycnonnxx snaunrentntx rnoantntx pncxon,
crparernuecxo neonpeenennocrn n mexynapono necranntnocrn rpyno
oxnart cxoporo n pemnrentnoro npoptna n c]epe mnorocroponnero xepno-
ro pasopyxennx (yt ro no moenn npxmoro noxnmuennx rpertnx crpan x
amepnxano-poccncxnm neperonopam nnn n nne orentntx nycroponnnx
]opmaron, o xoroptx ynomxnyn oxnaunx).
Bepno n ro, uro n nnxamem yymem npx nn ocymecrnnma cront pa-
nxantnax rpanc]opmannx mexynapontx ornomenn, xoropax nosnonnna
t nonnocrtm peannsonart rpannosnt npoexr nceomero panxantnoro
xepnoro pasopyxennx, nonnoro n esoronopounoro sanpemennx raxoro opy-
xnx. 3ro nponemt onrocpounoro xapaxrepa, rpeymmne ]opmnponannx
conepmenno uoeo +e+oyuapoouo cpeoi n +qqermueuo qyuruouupymue
cucme+i e.ooa.iuo oesonacuocmu. Hentsx ne yunrtnart n nnepnnm npeo-
naammnx rpannnonno nerarnnntx noxoon x pasopyxennm.
B nocnenne rot mnponoe coomecrno cronxnynoct c macmrantmn
reononnrnuecxnmn norpxcennxmn, ecrannnsnpymmnmn mexynaponte
ornomennx. C ycnnennem +ro renennnn nceomee xepnoe pasopyxenne
moxer crart onee oranenno nepcnexrnno, ocoenno n ycnonnxx rnoant-
noro xpnsnca ynpannennx.
Bmecre c rem npoonxamr ecrnonart n ]axropt, axryannsnpymmne
nponemy panxantnoro xepnoro pasopyxennx n rpeymmne nonnmannx n
ocosnannx mnpontm coomecrnom ee snaunmocrn. 3ro onacnocrt npnmene-
nnx xepnoro opyxnx nx camoro cymecrnonannx uenoneuecrna, neoxon-
mocrt npeornpamennx pacnpocrpanennx OMY, cnnxennx ]nnanconoro pe-
menn xepntx noopyxenn n p.
Bonpoct panxantnoro coxpamennx xepntx noopyxenn, pasnnunte
napnanrt nx pemennx n nponnxennx uenoneuecrna n +rom nanpannennn nce
nacrounnee cranxrcx n nonecrxy nx pasnnuntx ]opymon mnponoro coome-
crna. Hx axryantnocrt, no-nnnmomy, nospacrer n nnxamne rot n cnxsn co
cneymmnmn nymx ocroxrentcrnamn.
B 2012 r. nauancx nont nnxn osopnoro nponecca no paccmorpennm
ecrnnx oronopa o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx (HO). Boct-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 597
mym xon]epennnm no paccmorpennm ecrnnx HO npenonaraercx npo-
necrn n 2015 r. B 2012 r. cocroxnoct nepnoe saceanne ee Hororonnrentnoro
xomnrera (cneymmee nameueno nponecrn n 2013 r.). Cocroxnmnecx ncxyc-
cnn noxasann, uro nexepnte rocyapcrna nce nacrounnee rpeymr or xep-
ntx epxan nonnoro ntnonnennx cr. VI HO, ocymecrnnennx antnemnx
xpynntx npaxrnuecxnx maron no coxpamennm nx xepntx apcenanon, n rom
uncne cornaconannx n npecrannennx no+rannoro rpa]nxa xepnoro pasopy-
xennx.
Bropoe cymecrnennoe ocroxrentcrno. Ha mnpono apene ontmym ax-
rnnnocrt npoxnnxmr pasnnunte nannonantnte n mexynaponte omecr-
nennte anrnxepnte nnxennx. B rom uncne sa xepnoe pasopyxenne (nn-
xennx yuentx, npaue, +xonoron n npecrannrene pyrnx npo]eccn); sa
npeornpamenne xepno xaracrpo]t; sa rax nastnaemt xepnt nont
(nnxnnannx ncex naxonnenntx sanacon xepnoro opyxnx); sa saxnmuenne
rnoantno xonnennnn o nonnom sanpemennn xepnoro opyxnx n r. .
B mnponom omecrnennom mnennn yxe nonyunnn mnpoxym noepxxy
nen nonncannx rnoantno xonnennnn o nonnom sanpemennn xepnoro
opyxnx, nnnnnarnna no rnoantnomy xepnomy nonm, nnan pasopyxennx
Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Han In Myna, rpeonannx, opamennte x
xepntm epxanam, cornacnrtcx na ycranonnenne uerxnx cpoxon ocrnxennx
mnpa, cnoonoro or xepnoro opyxnx, r. e. xonxpernoro rpa]nxa xepnoro
pasopyxennx, nponnxennx x mnpy es xepnoro opyxnx.
Ftno t nerxomtcnnem ormaxnyrtcx or +rnx npnstnon xax saneomo
nentnonnnmtx, yronnuntx, neoonennnax norennnan mexynaponoro an-
rnxepnoro nnxennx, pont nenpannrentcrnenntx oprannsann, nx nosmox-
nocre no npnnneuennm na cnom cropony mnponoro omecrnennoro mnennx,
no nnnxnnm na mnorocroponnmm nnnomarnm.
cno ono, uro xepnte epxant, xoropte yyr oycnannnnart nepexo
x panxantnomy coxpamennm xepntx noopyxenn mnoxecrnom npenapn-
rentntx ycnonn n ncxyccrnenntx ynxsox n, raxnm opasom, nrnopnponart
nacrpoennx, napacrammne n mexynaponom omecrnennom mnennn, pncxy-
mr nonecrn ceptesnte nmnxente norepn n cnntno noopnart cnom mexy-
naponym penyrannm.
B uacrnocrn, moxer cnyunrtcx, uro onnm ns nponsnontx or pacmnpe-
nnx mexynapono noepxxn nen xepnoro nonx craner ycnnenne me-
xynaponoro annennx n na Poccnm c nentm noynrt ee cymecrnenno co-
xparnrt cno xepnt apcenan.
Ho+romy nospacraer axryantnocrt yenrentntx paspaorox antrepna-
rnnntx rnoantntx cxem mnorocroponnero panxantnoro xepnoro pasopy-
xennx, xoropte nosnonnnn t nanpannrt mexynaponte ncxyccnn no an-
no reme n peanncrnuecxoe pycno, ne npornnopeuamee nnrepecam esonac-
nocrn name crpant.
Poccnn n ycnonnxx ycnnnnammecx nonnnenrpnunocrn mnpoycrpocrna,
cxopee ncero, npnercx oecneunnart cnom esonacnocrt c ontmnm ynopom
na yrnynenne nsanmoecrnnx c pyrnmn ornercrnenntmn unenamn mnpono-
ro coomecrna, n rom uncne uepes nncrnryrt OOH.
Pemenne +ro saaun norpeyer ceptesntx ycnnn co cropont poccn-
cxo nnnomarnn n +xcneprnoro coomecrna Pu, nponeennx nayunoro ana-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 598
nnsa n ntpaorxn npaxrnuecxnx pexomenann nx mnorocroponne nnno-
marnn n nnrepecax nponnxennx no nyrn mexynaponoro orpannuennx n
coxpamennx noopyxenn, crannnsannn pexnmon nepacnpocrpanennx OMY
n ero nocnrene, yperynnponannx pernonantntx xon]nnxron n yxpennennx
mnorocroponnnx mexannsmon esonacnocrn.
Orpomnoe npaxrnuecxoe snauenne nmeer peannsannx xonxperntx nos-
moxnocre ynpouennx mexynapono crparernuecxo cranntnocrn n yx-
pennennx esonacnocrn mnponoro coomecrna nocpecrnom +]]exrnnnoro
ncnontsonannx mnorocroponnnx nonnrnuecxnx n npanontx nncrpymenron
esonacnocrn, conepmencrnonannx mnorocroponnnx pexnmon xonrponx na
noopyxennxmn n saxnmuennx nontx cornamenn n anno onacrn.
Poccnn nyxnt ne nstrounte noopyxennx, ocnanxmmne ee xonxypen-
rocnoconocrt, a nepeno +xonomnxn na nnnonannonnte pentct, na nont
rexnonornuecxn yxna n ycnonnxx yxpennennx nceome esonacnocrn.
Tontxo na +rom nyrn ona nmeer manct ycnnnrt cnoe nnnxnne na mnponym
nonnrnxy, coxpannrt nosmoxnocrt npnemnemoro nx cex pemennx naxntx
noenno-nonnrnuecxnx nonpocon (orpannuenne crparernuecxnx cncrem HPO,
npeornpamenne ronxn xocmnuecxnx n nntx noopyxenn n p.). Kcrarn,
Crparernx nannonantno esonacnocrn Poccncxo ueepannn o 2020 ro-
a, yrnepxennax n 2009 r., ncxonr ns nenecoopasnocrn oecneuennx
esonacnocrn crpant na nonnxammnxcx yponnxx xepntx noopyxenn n
opnenrnpyer rocyapcrnennym nonnrnxy n +rom nanpannennn. Poccnx rorona
x antnememy ocyxennm nonpocon coxpamennx xepntx norennnanon na
ocnone nycroponnnx oronopennocre n n mnorocroponnnx ]opmarax, a
raxxe cosannm nanexamnx ycnonn, nosnonxmmnx coxpamart xepnte
noopyxennx es ymepa nx mexynapono esonacnocrn n crparernuecxo
cranntnocrn.
Hponnxenne no +romy nyrn ocrannxer Poccnn manct nsexart omn-
ountx sarparntx pemenn, nanocxmnx ymep ooponnomy nnannponannm.
Fes ymepa nx cnoe noenno esonacnocrn Poccnx cmoxer nanpannrt
ontme cpecrn na neoxonmoe napamnnanne ]axropon mxrxo cnnt (mo-
epnnsannx npomtmnennocrn, pasnnrne nayxn, opasonannx n xyntrypt,
cnntnax connantnax n emorpa]nuecxax nonnrnxa, operenne ocronoro
opasa xnsnn n r. .) n rem camtm nsexart nepenanpxxennx n ]nnancono n
marepnantno onacrxx, opecrn nonte manct na pasnnrne, nontcnn cno
craryc n oxpyxammem mnpe, ynennunn cnom pont n mnpontx enax n yxpennn
cnon nosnnnn n copennonannn c pyrnmn mnpontmn nenrpamn nnnxnnx.
Poccnn npncrano nsxrt na cex nnepcrno n paspaorxe nocroxnntmn
unenamn CF OOH sanaronpemenno oronopennocrn, nanpannenno na ycn-
nenne mexannsmon pearnponannx mnponoro coomecrna na yrpost, ncxoxmne
or ronxn noopyxenn, pacnpocrpanennx OMY n mexynaponoro reppopnsma.
Houemy t, nanpnmep, ne npenoxnrt mexynaponomy coomecrny
noponym opoanym xap1y nnaennn n nanpannennn nceomero nep-
noro pasopyaennn, c1pon1entc1na esonacnoro unpa es nepnoro opy-
ann? B ne moxno tno t namernrt opnenrnpt, nexn, +rant nponnxennx
n +rom nanpannennn. H ne rontxo naop nornuecxn ynxsanntx mep, no n onn-
canne ponn n xonxpernoro nxnaa, oxnaemoro or xaxoro xepnoro rocyap-
crna, a raxxe cpecrna noepxannx rnoantno esonacnocrn/mexynapo-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 599
noro nopxxa n pasopyxammemcx mnpe, coornercrnymmne rnynne pasopy-
xenuecxoro nponecca, n rom uncne naexnte rapanrnn npnnyxennx x paso-
pyxennm no nnnnn Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH.
3ro, xcrarn, ntsnano t mnpoxn nosnrnnnt mexynapont pesonanc,
cnococrnonano t ynyumennm mexynaponoro nmnxa name crpant,
oexrnnnomy nocnpnxrnm ee nonnrnxn n onacrn pasopyxennx, uro raxxe
nemanonaxno.
Hyxno paorart na onepexenne n ynpexenne cotrn xonnexrnnnte
ycnnnx n +rom nanpannennn npecrannxmrcx nocrpeonanntmn ne rontxo n
nmnxenom, no n npaxrnuecxom nnane yxpennennx nannonantno n rnoant-
no esonacnocrn.
Kax nponnnyrtcx x mnorocroponnemy xepnomy pasopyxennm, noc-
nontsonartcx nmemmnmncx mancamn? Heperonopt o nceomem xepnom pa-
sopyxennn nyxamrcx n momnom nnnnnnpymmem nmnyntce. On oexrnnno
neoxonm n nocrpeonan. Ero oemt n orpomno crenenn yyr sanncert or
poccncxnx ycnnn.
Taxo nmnyntc mor t npnart mnpono ]opym. Coornercrnymmax nnn-
nnarnna, necomnenno, tna t nonoxnrentno nocnpnnxra mnornmn crpanamn
n mnpoxo mexynapono omecrnennocrtm. Hpana, nannune neperonop-
noro nponecca camo no cee ne xnnxercx rapanrne ocrnxennx nonoxnrent-
noro pesyntrara no oxonuannn neperonopon, no xnnxercx aconmrno neoxo-
nmtm marom.
B +ro cnxsn nnonne ymecrntm tno t ntnnxenne name crpano
nnnnna1nnm nponeennn unponoro cauun1a no nponeuau unoroc1opon-
nero nepnoro pasopyaennn n nonmmennn ynpannneuoc1n noenno-nonn-
1nuecxnun nponeccaun cammnra, npnsnannoro nomout ntnecrn mexyna-
ponym nonnrnxy esonacnocrn na xonxpernte npaxrnuecxne mept xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn (n ne rontxo n xepno c]epe). 3ro orneuano t nnrepe-
cam esonacnocrn xax Poccnn, rax n mnponoro coomecrna n nenom.


Mnoroc1oponnee perynnponanne nepnmx noopyaennn c nosnnnn
1eopnn nrp

Cepre AuOHHEB

Xorx nponemarnxa xepnoro pasopyxennx ocrarouno anexa or monx
nenocpecrnenntx nayuntx nnrepecon, x t xoren npoxommenrnponart px
ee acnexron, npnmenxx ror nayunt nncrpymenrapn, xoropt axae-
mnx A.I. Aparon nmnnnnnrno saecrnonan n cnoem oxnae n xoropt c
reopernxo-meroonornuecxo rouxn spennx moxer oxasartcx nonesntm nx
anannsa ocyxaemo remt. Peut ner o nncrpymenrax, ncnontsyemtx co-
npemenno reopne nrp. B 1960-x roax npnmenenne +rnx nncrpymenron
nponsneno penonmnnm n nsyuennn nonpocon ronxn noopyxenn n xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn. Peut ner n nepnym ouepet o paorax T. Bennnnra, no-
nyunnmero n 2005 r. Hoenencxym npemnm no +xonomnxe (conmecrno c
P. Aymannom) sa nxna n nsyuenne xon]nnxron n corpynnuecrna na ocnone
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 600
reopnn nrp. Hocne ntxoa n cner nnonepntx paor T. Bennnnra Crparernx
xon]nnxra (1960 r.) n Crparernx n xonrpont na noopyxennxmn (1961 r., n
coanropcrne c M. Xantnepnntm) tnn onynnxonant rtcxun (a nosmoxno,
yxe n ecxrxn rtcxu) paor, nocnxmenntx ncnontsonannm coornercrnymmero
nncrpymenrapnx nx nsyuennx nponem pasopyxennx, n rom uncne xepnoro.
Omax nornxa reopernxo-nrponoro noxoa n paccmarpnnaemo c]epe
cocronr n rom, urot paccmarpnnart mornnt n nocneonarentnocrt maron,
npenpnnnmaemtx yuacrnnxamn mexynaponoro nsanmoecrnnx. 3ro
nsanmoecrnne moennpyercx n nrpontx repmnnax: xaxt ero yuacrnnx
crpemnrcx onrtcx onrnmantnoro nx cex pesyntrara, npnnnmax no nnnma-
nne marn cnonx onnonenron n comsnnxon n npomnom n nacroxmem, a raxxe
nx oxnaemym peaxnnm na ero cocrnennte nosmoxnte marn n yymem.
Hoonoe noneenne n reopnn nrp npnnxro nastnart crparernuecxnm: yuacr-
nnxn nrpt npocunrtnamr norennnantnte xot pyrnx yuacrnnxon n nt-
crpannamr cocrnennym nnnnm noneennx raxnm opasom, urot maxcnmn-
snponart cnom nenenym ]ynxnnm, orpaxammym nx nnrepect. Hpnmennrentno
x nccneonannxm nonpocon pasopyxennx neneno ]ynxnne xnnxercx ]ynx-
nnx esonacnocrn, a npnnnnn crparernuecxoro noneennx npennctnaer nr-
poxam nnnmarentno ornocnrtcx x romy, xaxym peaxnnm npenaraemte nmn
mept nnn npenpnnnmaemte nmn ecrnnx ntsonyr y pyrnx yuacrnnxon nr-
ponoro nsanmoecrnnx.
Ono ns xnmuentx nonxrn n reopnn nrp, rpannnonno nocrpeonanntx
n anannse nonpocon xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, +ro pannonecne no H+my
(x. H+m eme onn naypear Hoenencxo npemnn no +xonomnxe 1994 r. sa
ocrnxennx n onacrn reopnn nrp). annoe nonxrne onnctnaer cnryannm,
xora nn onn ns yuacrnnxon nrpt, snax nosmoxnte crparernn noneennx
pyrnx nrpoxon, ne nmeer crnmyna x nsmenennm cocrnennoro noneennx.
Pannonecne no H+my moxer trt +]]exrnnntm nnn ne+]]exrnnntm
(rounee, onrnmantntm nnn cyonrnmantntm), c rouxn spennx rpynnt
nrpoxon n nenom n xaxoro nrpoxa n orentnocrn, no xax rontxo raxoe panno-
necne ocrnrnyro, orneuammax ero ycnonnxm xon]nrypannx crparern nrpo-
xon oxastnaercx sanoxnponanno (locked in) n rom cmtcne, uro npn npo-
unx panntx ycnonnxx, nn onn ns yuacrnnxon nrpt ne roron nnuero menxrt.
urot cncrema nepemna x nonomy pannonecnm, onxnt nsmennrtcx onpee-
nennte napamerpt nsanmoecrnnx xax raxonoro. Hanpnmep, nomenxrtcx
nnemnne ycnonnx, npannna nrpt, cocran n nenente ]ynxnnn yuacrnnxon,
oem nmemmnxcx y nnx pecypcon n nn]opmannn. Ecnn nce nepeuncnennte
]axropt ocranyrcx nensmenntmn, nensmenntm ocranercx n pannonecnt
ncxo nrpt.
B cnere cxasannoro npnnnnnnantnoe snauenne nmeer npnneennax n
npesenrannn rannna, xapaxrepnsymmax crparernuecxne nosnnnn crpan
yuacrnnn xepnoro xnya. 3ra rannna narnxno noxastnaer, uro c rouxn
spennx reopernxo-nrponoro nsanmoecrnnx mnponoe coomecrno ceuac na-
xonrcx n rouxe pannonecnx no H+my. Hntmn cnonamn, nce nrpoxn ncuepnann
ocrynnte nm crparernuecxne xot, nosnonxmmne maxcnmnsnponart cnom
]ynxnnm esonacnocrn c yuerom oxnaemtx xoon comsnnxon n onnonenron.
B +rnx ycnonnxx nonte npnstnt n nnnnnarnnt, ncxoxmne or +xcneprnoro
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 601
coomecrna, camn no cee nnuero nsmennrt ne n cocroxnnn: y nrpoxon npocro
ner crnmyna uro-nno menxrt.
Kaxnm opasom moxer trt napymeno +ro ycrounnoe pannonecne?
Bo-nepntx, +ro moxer trt oecneueno sa cuer nsmenennx cpannnrent-
ntx pecypcntx nosnnn nrpoxon. Hanpnmep, ecnn n nnxamne rot Knra
saxouer (n cmoxer) snaunrentno napacrnrt cno xepnt norennnan, moxno
yer ronopnrt o ]opmnponannn ycnonn nx nepexoa x moenn crparernue-
cxoro nsanmoecrnnx, xapaxrepno nx cnryannn xepnoro napnrera. Pasy-
meercx, raxoe pasnnrne moxer oxasartcx nexenarentntm nx mnornx unenon
xepnoro xnya (n nepnym ouepet CBA n Hnnn), onaxo onn ntnyxe-
nt yyr aanrnponart moenn cocrnennoro noneennx x nsmennnmnmcx
peannxm. B pernonantnom macmrae snaunmte nocnecrnnx yer nmert nm-
oe nsmenenne cpannnrentno nennunnt sanacon xepnoro opyxnx Hnnn n
Haxncrana c ouennntmn nocnecrnnxmn n nnane pocra nanpxxennocrn
mexy nymx crpanamn.
Bo-nroptx, moxer nsmennrtcx cocran crpan, onaammnx xepntm
opyxnem. B conpemenntx ycnonnxx manct na ro, uro xaxax-nno ns crpan
oponontno orxaxercx or xepnoro craryca no npnmepy RAP nocne naennx
pexnma anaprena, pannt nynm. A nor nepoxrnocrt pacmnpennx xepnoro
xnya n cpenecpouno nepcnexrnne moxer oxastnart samernoe nnnxnne na
crparernn noneennx xnmuentx nrpoxon npnuem nsmenenne coornercrnym-
mnx crparern moxer trt oycnonneno ne rontxo ]axrnuecxnm noxnnennem
nontx crpan, pacnonarammnx xepntm opyxnem, no n nontmennem mancon
na noxnnenne raxnx crpan. Hanonee ocrpt xapaxrep, pasymeercx, nocnr npo-
nema, cnxsannax c peannsanne xepno nporpammt Hpana. Bosmoxnoe npe-
npamenne anno crpant n xepnym epxany cnocono nonnnxrt ne rontxo
na crparernuecxoe noneenne ero nnxamero cocea n npornnnnxa Hspan-
nx, no n na xepntx comsnnxon nocnenero, a raxxe pyrnx crpan, ]axrnue-
cxn (nnn norennnantno) naxoxmnxcx n panyce ocxraemocrn npancxnx
xepntx paxer.
B-rpertnx, moxer nperepnert nsmenennx xapaxrep nenentx ]ynxnn
unenon xepnoro xnya. Taxne nsmenennx moryr nponsorn xax +xsorenno,
rax n +norenno. Xapaxrep +xsorenntx nsmenenn moxno npocnenrt na
npnmepe pacnaa tnmero CCCP, xora opermne nesanncnmocrt pecnynnxn
oponontno nepeann Poccnn cnon xepnte apcenant. Onaxo ropaso
ontmn nnrepec npecrannxmr +norennte nsmenennx nenentx ]ynxnn.
nx nonnmannx coornercrnymmnx nsmenenn neoxonmo oparnrtcx x na-
paorxam reopnn nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon.
annax reopnx ntpocna na ocnone nenoro pxa nayuntx nanpannenn. B
+xonomnuecxo nayxe +ro npexe ncero reopnx omecrnennoro ntopa, noe
ornon-ocnonarene xoropo, xemc Ftmxenen n I+pn Fexxep, crann naypea-
ramn Hoenencxo npemnn. B pamxax nonnrnuecxo nayxn nonpoct ]ynx-
nnonnponannx nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon axrnnno paccmarpnnannct npecrannre-
nxmn reopnn pannonantnoro ntopa, n nayxe o mnpono nonnrnxe
cnennanncramn n onacrn mexynapono nonnrnuecxo +xonomnn. Teopnx
nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon axnenrnpyer nnnmanne na ptnounom xapaxrepe nsan-
moecrnnx nonnrnuecxnx cyexron. 3ro osnauaer, uro npn anannse nponec-
con npnnxrnx nonnrnuecxnx pemenn mt pasenxem yuacrnnxon annoro
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 602
nponecca na ne rpynnt. C ono cropont, +ro cyexrt, npexnnxmmne
cnpoc na coornercrnymmne pemennx, c pyro cyexrt, ocymecrnnxmmne
nx npenoxenne. Mexy +rnmn cyexramn nponcxonr omen ptnounoro
rnna: urot nonyunrt nyxnoe pemenne, cyexrt cnpoca nnarxr onpee-
nennym neny cyexram npenoxennx. uaxrnuecxn sect nmeer mecro nc-
nontsonanne npnnnnna +xonomnuecxoro nmnepnannsma, xora xapaxrepnte
nx +xonomnuecxo nayxn meroonornuecxne noxot npnmenxmrcx nx ana-
nnsa ne+xonomnuecxnx xnnenn n annom cnyuae nonnrnuecxnx.
Taxnm opasom, c rouxn spennx paccmarpnnaemo reopnn nonnrnxa xon-
xperno crpant no xonxpernomy nonpocy npecrannxer coo pesyntrar
cnoxnoro nsanmoecrnnx cyexron nannonantnoro nonnrnuecxoro ptnxa
mexy coo, a raxxe c cyexramn, onepnpymmnmn na pernonantnom n rno-
antnom yponne nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon. Cyexrt npnnxrnx nonnrnuecxnx
pemenn na nannonantnom yponne maxcnmnsnpymr cnon cocrnennte nene-
nte ]ynxnnn, a xonxpernte ycnonnx ocrnxennx nmn cnonx nene oxastna-
mr nnnxnne na cpannnrentnt nec, xoropt onn npnamr rem nnn nntm
npnopnreram nannonantno nonnrnxn. C yuerom +roro cpannnrentnt nec
npnopnreron, cnxsanntx c onaannem xepntm opyxnem, moxer cymecrnen-
no menxrtcx n sanncnmocrn or roro, xaxne ntrot cyexrt npnnxrnx nonn-
rnuecxnx pemenn oxnamr nonyunrt or pyrnx cyexron nocpecrnom nn-
rencn]nxannn nnn, naoopor, n omen na cneprtnanne (nonnoe nnn uacrnu-
noe) cnonx xepntx nporpamm. B nocnenee ecxrnnerne sect nponsomna
cymecrnennax xoppexnnx npnopnreron. B 1990-e rot tna nonynxpna mo-
ent oponontnoro orxasa or xepnoro opyxnx n omen na mexynapo-
nym nomomt n nnnecrnnnn (Yxpanna, Fenapyct, Kasaxcran, RAP). Onaxo n
cnere neuantnoro npnmepa Hnnnn, orxasanmecx n 2003 r. or peannsannn co-
crnenno xepno nporpammt n cranme oexrom nnemnero noopyxennoro
nmemarentcrna no nnyrpnnonnrnuecxn xon]nnxr, annax crparernx yrparn-
na npnnnexarentnocrt. Ha ceronxmnn ent ocnonnax nrponax crparernx
norennnantntx unenon xepnoro xnya (Hpan, KHP) crana onnpartcx na
npnnnnn uacrnunoro ropmoxennx xepno nporpammt n omen na ocnane-
nne canxnn.
Haxonen, nepexo x nonomy pannonecnm n c]epe nsanmoecrnnx xep-
ntx epxan moxer trt oecneuen nsmenennem npannn nrpt na mexyna-
pono apene, o uem axaemnx A.I. Aparon ronopnn no nropo uacrn cnoero
ntcrynnennx. Kaxnm opasom moxno nsmennrt npannna nrpt? Orner onxrt-
raxn aer reopnx nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon, xoropax nosnonxer c]opmynnponart
anropnrm ntpaorxn pexomenann nx nncrnrynnonantntx nsmenenn xax
na nannonantnom, rax n na mexynaponom yponne. annt anropnrm onn-
paercx na ror ]axr, uro nmte cxont yrono npnnnexarentnte c rouxn spennx
nannonantntx nnrepecon nnn nnrepecon mexynaponoro coomecrna
npenoxennx ne nmemr mancon na peannsannm, ecnn onn ne nontsymrcx
noepxxo nnnxrentntx cyexron nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon, nnrepecam xoro-
ptx onn orneuamr. Hornepxennx romy moxno ncrpernrt nourn na xaxom
mary. B +xonomnuecxo c]epe xnaccnuecxnm npnmepom xnnxercx orxnatna-
nne naspenmnx anrnxpnsncntx mep, oycnonnennoe crpemnennem nonnrnue-
cxnx naprn nepenoxnrt na naprnm-onnonenra ornercrnennocrt sa nponee-
nne nenonynxpntx n omecrne npeopasonann (uro mt nanmaem na
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 603
nporxxennn nocnennx nyx ner n CBA n EC). B c]epe mexynapono
esonacnocrn +ra nponema ne menee axryantna. B +xcneprnom coomecrne
nnpxynnpyer ontmoe uncno ne n npenoxenn (n rom uncne n osnyuennax
n xoe ntnemne ncxyccnn nex rnoantnoro nonx), xoropte c rouxn spe-
nnx reopnn nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon aconmrno nexnsnecnocont, rax xax ne
coornercrnymr nnrepecam neymnx cyexron nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon.
3ro, pasymeercx, ne osnauaer, uro coornercrnymmne nen n npenoxe-
nnx ne sacnyxnnamr ocyxennx. Fonee roro, n onrocpouno nepcnexrnne
onn moryr oxasart nnnxnne na nenente ]ynxnnn cyexron nonnrnuecxnx
ptnxon nnn axe npnnecrn x noxnnennm nontx cyexron, orcrannammnx
coornercrnymmne npnopnrert (xax +ro nponsomno c +xonornuecxnmn nenpa-
nnrentcrnenntmn oprannsannxmn n senentmn naprnxmn n +xonomnuecxn
pasnnrtx crpanax). Onaxo norennnan raxnx nsmenenn ne esrpannuen, a n
pxe c]ep mexynaponoro nsanmoecrnnx mnnnmanen. axe ecnn oxa-
xercx, uro ontmnncrno npecrannrene +xcneprntx n nayuntx xpyron e-
crnnrentno yyr sannrepeconant no nceomem xepnom pasopyxennn, na
ceronxmnn ent neymne mexynaponte axropt ne roront norn na ra-
xo mar. Ho+romy paspaorxa coornercrnymmnx npenoxenn n nyre nx
peannsannn, crporo ronopx, nnmena npaxrnuecxoro cmtcna.
C rouxn spennx reopnn nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon nmeer cmtcn npenarart
raxne pexomenannn, xoropte xnnxmrcx nanonee +]]exrnnntmn ns uncna
nonnrnuecxn npnemnemtx. Ecnn mt onpeennm xpyr nonnrnuecxn npnemne-
mtx pexomenann n c]epe ynpannennx xepntmn apcenanamn n ntepem ns
nnx re, xoropte n nanontme crenenn orneuamr nnrepecam oecneuennx
mexynapono esonacnocrn, ro ecrt manc, uro +rn pexomenannn yyr
peannsonant. Oennenne anannrnuecxnx noxoon, xapaxrepntx nx reo-
pnn nonnrnuecxnx ptnxon n reopnn nrp, moxer nnecrn cymecrnennt nxna
n paspaorxy coornercrnymmnx pexomenann. Hanonee nepcnexrnnntm
nanpannennem paspaorxn nontx npannn nrpt npecrannxercx noncx xom-
nnexcntx crparern, ynxstnammnx nonpoct xepnoro pasopyxennx c nonpo-
camn corpynnuecrna n nexepno c]epe. Kpome roro, npecrannxer esyc-
nonnt nnrepec nposnyuanmee n xoe ncxyccnn npenoxenne o nn]opma-
nnonnom omene, noromy uro nrpa c orxptro nn]opmanne neer x nntm,
norennnantno onee +]]exrnnntm pesyntraram, nexenn nrpa n ycnonnxx,
xora omen nn]opmanne mexy nrpoxamn orcyrcrnyer. 3ro mnorooemam-
mee nanpannenne, na paspaorxo xoroporo mornn t conmecrno paorart ne
rontxo nonnronorn n cnennanncrt no mexynapono esonacnocrn, no n
npecrannrenn pyrnx nayuntx ncnnnnnn.


Heoxonum rnyoxne ueancnnnnnnapnme nccneonannn

Anexcanp PAuYK

B oxnae ant ornert na mnorne nonpoct, cnxsannte c antnemnmn
maramn no nyrn xepnoro pasopyxennx, n ononpemenno nocranneno necxont-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 604
xo nontx npnnnnnnantntx nponem n ntcxasan px, na mo nsrnx, ocra-
rouno cnopntx momenron.
Bo-nepntx, npx nn moxno cornacnrtcx c resncom o rom, uro n nacrox-
mee npemx neperonopt mexy Pu n CBA no xepnomy pasopyxennm naxo-
xrcx n rynnxe. Ceronx mt nmeem cxopee crparernuecxym naysy, nacry-
nnnmym nocne saxnmuennx Hpaxcxoro oronopa 2010 r.
Hpnstnt orentntx rpynn +xcnepron x cxopememy ocrnxennm
xepnoro nonx, xax n pesonmnnn Cenara CBA o nesamennrentnom nauane
nonoro payna poccncxo-amepnxancxnx neperonopon o coxpamennn xepntx
noopyxenn, ne moryr cnyxnrt necxnm ocnonannem nx nosononnennx no-
onoro neperonopnoro nponecca xax n nycroponnem, rax n n mnorocropon-
nem ]opmarax.
Taxnm ocnonannem xnnxercx rontxo yponent nannonantno esonacno-
crn, noenno-crparernuecxax nenecoopasnocrt n +xonomnuecxax ntroa or
coxpamennx cocrnenntx xepntx cnn.
Onaxo n cnoxnnmnxcx ycnonnxx, npn xoroptx n noennom anance rnan-
nt axnenr enaercx na otuntx, n nepnym ouepet ntcoxorountx, noopyxe-
nnxx, a xepnoe opyxne nce onee yrnepxaercx n xauecrne cpecrna cepxn-
nannx xpynnomacmrantx noenntx yrpos, nenecoopasnocrt ycxopennx nepe-
ronopnoro nponecca no CHB nx name crpant xnno ne npocmarpnnaercx.
B ro xe npemx neoxonmocrt ntpaorxn neonornn n meroonornn
antnemero pasnnrnx nponecca orpannuennx xepntx noopyxenn nnonne
ouennna.
Hpenoxennt anropom noxo x onenxe crparernuecxnx nsanmoorno-
menn n nne cnoeopasno rannnt xepnoro uemnnonara, nectma nnre-
pecen. Onaxo ceronx nenosmoxno cnonrt nponemy crparernuecxnx nsan-
moornomenn xepntx epxan rontxo x xepnomy napnrery, a cnnono
ananc ntcrpannart nnmt c yuerom xepnoro opyxnx. Heoxonm xomnnexc-
nt yuer ncex napamerpon noenno momn: xepntx n otuntx, n rom uncne
ntcoxorountx noopyxenn, ooponnrentntx cncrem, nn]pacrpyxrypt.
Baxnt raxxe n napamerpt mxrxo cnnt, xoropo rocyapcrno moxer xom-
nencnponart neocrarox cnnt noenno.
epnoe opyxne xnnxnoct enncrnenntm cnocoom napnponannx yrpos
rontxo n ry nopy, xora CCCP n CBA tnn neonornuecxnmn npornnnnxa-
mn-anraronncramn, ne cunranmnmncx nn c xaxnmn sarparamn. Orcma n ro-
ronnocrt necrn xepnym nony, n onopa na nsanmnoe rapanrnponannoe ynnu-
roxenne. Ceronx mt nepemnn n necxontxo pyro ]opmar n o]nnnantno
yxe onee 20 ner ne ronopnm o nsanmnom xepnom cepxnnannn. B namnx
oxrpnnantntx oxymenrax peut ner o crparernuecxom cepxnnannn nepo-
xrntx yrpos n noepxannn norennnana xepnoro cepxnnannx n ycranon-
nenno crenenn roronnocrn.
Kax rontxo xepnoe opyxne cosaercx, ono cpasy cranonnrcx narenrntm
cpecrnom cepxnnannx, axe es o]nnnantnoro oxnnennx nene ero noxn-
nennx. epnoe opyxne xax cnoxnemax noennax oprannsannonno-rexnnuec-
xax cncrema nmeer nnepnnm, ouent nnrentnt nnxn nsmenenn. A nonnrn-
uecxax xonmnxrypa menxercx ropaso tcrpee. Ceronx yrpost, moxer
trt, ner, a sanrpa ona noxnnrcx. Bor, nanpnmep, concem neanno men o
na noomerax y ocrponon Cenxaxy. uro ram yer antme? Kax yer pas-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 605
nnnartcx +ror xnono-xnracxn xon]nnxr, n xaxne crpant n nero moryr trt
nrxnyrt?
Crparernuecxne nsanmoornomennx crpan cxnatnamrcx ne npocro xax pe-
syntrar copennonann no onomy nny cnopra. Onn ]opmnpymrcx xax pesynt-
rar omero onnmnncxoro sauera no pasntm nnam cnopra. Ho+romy nx
nonnort xaprnnt pxom nao napnconart rannuxn pyrnx uemnnonaron: no
otuntm noopyxennxm, +xonomnxe, nayxe, xyntrype n r. . Hpn +rom
nnonne ouennno, uro ceronx nauancx postrptm n nontx nerpannnonntx
uemnnonaron, n rom uncne pennrnosnoro. Omn sauer postrptma ncex +rnx
nnon cnopra n ntnonr nam nroront pernnr noenrenx n crparernue-
cxo Onnmnnae, no xoropomy n pasamrcx meann, narpat n r. .
ecrnnrentno, n noono nocranonxe saaua eme ne pemanact. a n
npocrtx nyre pemennx ona ne nmeer. Ftno npannntno cxasano o rom, uro
nx ee pemennx neoxonmt mexncnnnnnnapnte rnyoxne nccneonannx.
Eme onn ouent naxnt momenr rounocrt nn]opmannn, ncnontsyemo
npn onenxe crparernuecxnx anancon. Hocranmnxn nn]opmannn roxe nrpamr
n cnon nrpt. Bocnomnnannx nonnrnxon, xax nponrpanmnx, rax n noenre-
ne, ncera cyexrnnnt, npana, no pasntm npnunnam. 3ror momenr nao
yunrtnart.


Cnoanan n neonosnaunan nponeua

Bnanmnp FAPAHOBCKHH

Mt ntmnn na mnpoxn xpyr nponem, na ocnonarentnt nnacr rex cm-
xeron, xoropte rpeymr anannsa. Hoxany, x nmecro roro, urot nononrt
nrorn namero ocyxennx, nmenno na +rom c]oxycnpym nnnmanne.
B camom ene, nepe namn orpomnt xpyr nponem. Onn nensexno
nosnnxamr npn cxontxo-nnyt ceptesnom ocyxennn snaunmtx nx name
remt nonpocon nanpnmep, nonpocon esonacnocrn, a nnyrpn +roro npo-
nemnoro nonx - nonpocon pasopyxennx, a eme onee c]oxycnponano - nonpo-
con xepnoro pasopyxennx. H xora mt crannm saauy npoanannsnponart
crparernuecxne nsanmoornomennx mexy crpanamn, ncxyccrno n anannrnxon,
n nonnrnxon cocronr n rom, urot ntunennrt nmenno re cermenrt +rnx
nsanmoornomenn, re yanoct t onrtcx xaxnx-ro nosnrnnntx pesyntra-
ron n npaxrnuecxom ornomennn.
Hntmn cnonamn, nyxnt xaxne-ro xonxpernte pemennx, xoropte moxno
tno t npenoxnrt n ocymecrnnrt na ene, ntunennrt nosmoxnocrt raxnx
pemenn n rom orpomnom none, xoropoe opasonano nsanmoornomennxmn
mexy crpanamn n mexynapono cncreme nsanmoornomennxmn, n xoro-
ptx ntxnnxercx orpomnoe xonnuecrno nsmepenn. Hpnuem ouent mnorne ns
nnx nsanmoecrnymr mexy coo, nnnxmr pyr na pyra.
Mt +ro ouent xopomo nnnm n uyncrnyem. Ono ns xonxypenrntx npe-
nmymecrn namero Hncrnryra +ro ro, uro mt n cocroxnnn (no xpane mepe,
ntraemcx) cnecrn noenno pasnte paxypct n nponemnte remt, npnnecrn nx
x xaxomy-ro omemy snamenarenm, ntnecrn nexoropym pesyntrnpymmym,
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 606
nponcrexammym ns ecrnnx pasnonnanontx n sauacrym pasnonanpannenntx
]axropon. 3ro ro, uro mt enaem n namnx omenncrnryrcxnx paorax npo-
rnosax n anannse nonnnenrpnuno mexynapono cncremt.
Hmenno n +rom xonrexcre nepe namn nosnnxaer nonpoc o rom, xax no-
crynnrtcx x nponeme mnorocroponnero xepnoro pasopyxennx, uro moxno
cenart npaxrnuecxn nx roro, urot sect nosnnx xaxo-ro pesyntrar. Hpo-
me ncero tno t cxasart, uro nex xopoma reopernuecxn, no partcx sa nee
eccmtcnenno - noromy uro +ro cnnmxom cnoxno, noromy uro nonneuennte n
+ry nponemarnxy rocyapcrna nmemr neonnaxonte nnrepect, pyxono-
crnymrcx pasntmn mornnamn. a n noome y xaxo crpant ecrt cnoe no-
nnmanne neoxonmocrn xepnoro opyxnx. Ouent rpyno +ro nce cnecrn x
xaxo-ro ome ase.
3ro rpyno cenart eme n noromy, uro mnp nsmennncx. 3ect nenontno
ncnomnnamrcx narocnonennte npemena xonono nont n xecrxo nno-
nxpno xon]ponrannn, xora nce tno npome n xcnee.
Cxaxem, nonpoc o crparernuecxnx noopyxennxx moxno tno ocrarou-
no xom]oprno onepannonannsnponart npnmennrentno x ornomennxm mexy
CCCP n CBA. A ceronx +ro yxe ne rax npocro. H nponema craner eme o-
nee cnoxno, ecnn nontrartcx noxnmunrt Knra x +romy ypannennm. A ne
noxnmuart ero n ro nnn nno nepcnexrnne npocro nenosmoxno. To xe ca-
moe xacaercx nosmoxnocrn nonneuennx n +ror nponecc pyrnx xepntx crpan,
ne ronopx yxe o nntx nrpoxax mexynapontx ornomenn n onee mnpo-
xom cmtcne cnona, a ne rontxo onaammnx xepntm opyxnem.
Ha mo nsrnx, n oxnae A.I. Aparona npenoxent xonxpernte ]op-
mynt, no xoroptm moxno tno t nponnrartcx nnepe n onacrn xepnoro
pasopyxennx (nnn orpannuennx noopyxenn n xepno onacrn). Oosnauent
xaxne-ro xonxpernte nemn, xonxpernte noxot, xoropte nosnonnnn t
nponnrartcx nnepe. Fyt +ro xnracxax nponemarnxa nnn nponema rpe-
yrontnnxa PoccnxCBAKnra, nnn nponema nnncxo-naxncrancxnx
nsanmoornomenn. Ho moemy mnennm, nmenno raxnm opasom, noxox
ouent xonxperno x xaxo coornercrnymme cnryannn, moxno yer nont-
rartcx c]opmynnponart penenrt crannnsannn n +rnx nyx pasnnuntx crpa-
rernuecxnx xon]nrypannxx: Poccnx-CBA-Knra n Hnnx-Haxncran-Knra.
Hama ncxyccnx noxasana, uro nmenno raxo noxo nnoornopen. On
nepcnexrnnen, noromy uro nosnonxer narn xaxne-ro nerpannnonnte, ne-
rpnnnantnte pemennx. Htraxct nx paspaorart, mt n cocrannxem ry opox-
nym xapry, o xoropo ronopnn A.H. Kanxnn. Ona onxna nosnnxart ne xax
pesyntrar xaxnx-ro ymospnrentntx pasmtmnenn na npemer roro, uro xo-
pomo t ntnnnyrt nosynr mnorocroponnero xepnoro pasopyxennx n npn-
snart xepnte crpant sanxrtcx ero npernopennem n xnsnt.
opoxnax xapra onxna nosnnxnyrt ns anannsa ouent xonxperntx npo-
nem, xonxperntx cmxeron, c yuerom xonxperntx nnrepecon, xonxperntx
mornnon, xoroptmn pyxonocrnymrcx rocyapcrna, xora pemamr cnon npo-
nemt esonacnocrn. B uacrnocrn, xora onn ntramrcx pemart +rn npone-
mt, opamaxct x xepnomy opyxnm.
Tax uro rema, xoropym mt ocyxann, anexo ne saxptra. Haoopor, ona
npn nnxamem paccmorpennn cranonnrcx, xax mne npecrannxercx, nce o-
nee cnoxno n neonosnauno.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 607
2. PEIHOHAHIHOE COTPYHHuECTBO CBA
B CuEPE CO3AHH BHPOKOMACBTAFHOH
3BEHOHHPOBAHHOH CHCTEMI HPO


Harannx POMABKHHA

B conpemenno cncreme mexynapontx noenno-nonnrnuecxnx orno-
menn, xapaxrepnsymmecx ycxopenntm pocrom xonnuecrna annncrnuecxnx
paxer (FP) no ncex pernonax mnpa, uncno rocyapcrn, onaammnx raxnmn
noopyxennxmn c pasnnuntmn napamerpamn, yxe ncuncnxercx ne ennnnamn,
a ecxrxamn (cnonte annte o FP pasnnuntx crpan npecrannent n ran. 1.
Bce crpant, onaammne FP, nocroxnno crpemxrcx x nontmennm rnxocrn
nx npnmenennx, monntnocrn, xnnyuecrn, naexnocrn n rounocrn npn ono-
npemennom ynennuennn antnocrn crpentt. Hexoropte rocyapcrna pao-
ramr raxxe na oecneuennem npenenrnnno samnrt nycxontx ycranonox n
pasneprtnannem cpecrn npeoonennx npornnopaxerno oopont (HPO),
cosamr xepnte, xnmnuecxne n nonornuecxne oerononxn nx cnonx paxer.
Hoonte paspaorxn nmemr cymecrnennoe noennoe snauenne n rnoantno
none n pernonantntx xon]nnxrax. Onn raxxe moryr trt +]]exrnnnt n no
npemena ornocnrentnoro mnpa, rax xax nrpamr naxnemym pont n nonnrnue-
cxnx ornomennxx mexy rocyapcrnamn. Taxnm opasom, renennnx pocra
yrpost or FP, nepoxrno, yer coxpanxrtcx n n cneymmem ecxrnnernn.
Ha ]one ycxopennoro xonnuecrnennoro n xauecrnennoro pocra paxerntx
noopyxenn cncrema mexynapontx noenno-nonnrnuecxnx ornomenn
crpemnrcx x ycrounnomy cocroxnnm, no+romy nnonne npecxasyemo, uro
uncno rocyapcrn, npnnarammnx ycnnnx x onaannm cpecrnamn npornno-
ecrnnx paxerno yrpose, raxxe yer ynennunnartcx. B ran. 2 npecranne-
nt annte o nanonee snaunmtx na conpemennom +rane +nemenrax HPO n
pasnnuntx crpanax.
Ono ns naxnemnx nene nonnrnxn n crparernn CBA, paccmarpn-
nammnx n xauecrne nanonee +]]exrnnnoro cpecrna orpaxennx yrpost or
FP cosanne rnoantno mnpoxomacmrano +menonnponanno cncremt
HPO, xnnxercx yxpennenne n pacmnpenne mexynapontx ycnnn n c]epe
corpynnuecrna no HPO. CBA nosrnannxmr +ror nponecc n, nomnmo samnrt
or paxerntx nanaenn cnoe crpant, cunramr oopony cnonx nocx na rep-
pnropnn pyrnx rocyapcrn, a raxxe comsnnxon n naprnepon or pernonant-
ntx paxerntx yrpos, xnsnenno naxntmn nnrepecamn.
3a nocnenee ecxrnnerne CBA ocrnrnn snaunrentnoro nporpecca n
paspaorxe n pasneprtnannn peeuoua.iuix mexuu:ecrux cpeocme u cucme+
HPO nx samnrt or annncrnuecxnx paxer mentme n cpene antnocrn
(FPMC) n orpannuennoro yapa MFP. Onaxo mnnncrepcrno oopont (MO)
CBA cunraer nmemmnecx cpecrna xnno neocrarountmn n xonrexcre ycn-
nnnammnxcx pernonantntx paxerntx yrpos.
Hpn onpeenennn yymero pernonantntx HPO npnnnmaercx no nnnma-
nne, uro ecnn cncrema HPO reppnropnn crpant xapaxrepnsyercx ornocnrentno



6
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Tannna 1. annme o BP c1pan unpa
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
Asepaxau
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
Auxup
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Aueoua
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Apeeumuua
Alacran FPM Mononox, 400 150 He nsnecren
Condor 2 FPC Mononox, 450 900 He nsnecren
Ap+euua
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
Aqeauucmau
R-11-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Baxpeu
MGM-140/-164/-168
ATACMS
FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
Beuapyco
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
Bpasuuua
MB/EE FPM 1501000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-300/-600/-1000 FPM 3001000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna


















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6
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9

Beuuropumauua
SM-75 Thor FPC Mononox, 2700 Ycrapenmax
UGM-133 Trident D-5 FPHH C PIu (o 8 Mk 4 nnn Mk 5), 2800 12 000 Ha noopyxennn
UMG-27
Polaris A-1/-2/-3
FPHH Mononox, 2200 Ycrapenmax
Boemua+
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
Eeunem
Badr 2000 Vector FPM Mononox, 4501000 8001200 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Scud B-100 Project T FPM Mononox 450 Ha noopyxennn
Condor 2 FPC Mononox, 450 900 He nsnecren
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Vector FPM 4501000 8001200 Cnxra c noopyxennx
Iep+auua
V-2 A-4 FPM Mononox, 1000 350 Ycrapenmax
Ipeuua
MGM-140/-164/-168
ATACMS
FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
Hspauuo
Jericho 1/2/3 YA-1/YA-3/YA-4 FPC Mononox, 450 500 Ycrapenmax
LORA FPM Mononox, 440600 280 Ha noopyxennn
Huua
Agni (1ex. +xcnona1) FPC Mononox, 1000 7001200 Ycrapenmax
Agni-1 FPM Mononox, 2000 7001200 Ha noopyxennn
Agni-2 FPC Mononox, 1000 20003500 Ha noopyxennn
Agni-3 FPC Mononox, 2000 35005000 B paspaorxe



6
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
Agni-4 FPC Mononox, 800 3500 B paspaorxe
Agni-5 MFP 50008000 B paspaorxe
Prahaar FPM 200 150 B paspaorxe
Dhanush FPM Mononox, 5001000 250350 Ha noopyxennn
Prithvi 3 P-3, Prithvi SS-350 FPM Mononox, 5001000 300350 B paspaorxe
Prithvi
SS-150/-250/-350
P-1, Prithvi 1; P-2,
Prithvi 2
FPM Mononox, 1000 150250 Ha noopyxennn
Sagarika K-15 FPM Mononox, 500800 700 B paspaorxe
Surya-1 n 2 MFP 2500
8000
12000
He nsnecren
Shaurya FPM Mononox, 500800 700 B paspaorxe
Hpar
Ababil-100 Sakr, Al Fatah FPM Mononox, 300 150+ Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Al Aabed FPC Mononox, 750 2000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Al Abbas FPM Mononox, 225 900 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Al Fatah FPM Mononox 150 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Al Hussein Project 1728, Al Hijara FPM Mononox, 280500 630 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Al Samoud 1/-2 Al-Samed FPM Mononox, 300 150200 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Badr 2000 FPM Mononox, 450 900 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Condor 2 FPC Mononox, 450 900 He nsnecren
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
HPH
Fateh A-110 Mershad; Zelzal-2 mo. FPM Mononox, 500 210 Ha noopyxennn


















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1

Ghadr-1 FPC 1950 He nsnecren
Ghadr-110 FPC 1800 He nsnecren
M-11
uonqnxannn (uo.)
DF-11/CSS-7/Tondar
68/Ghadr
FPM Mononox, 500 290400 He nsnecren
M-9 uo. DF-15/CSS-6 FPM Mononox, 320 800 He nsnecren
Sajjil Sajjil-2, Ashoura FPC 1000 2200 B paspaorxe
Sejil 1/2/3 FPC Mononox, 5001500 2000
Hpenonoxnrentno
na noopyxennn
Musudan BM-25 FPC Mononox, 1200 25004000 He nsnecren
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM 660 190 Ha noopyxennn
Hwasong 5 Scud B (mo.) FPM Mononox 300 Ha noopyxennn
Shahab 1 Scud B mo., Shehab-1 FPM Mononox, 985 300 Ha noopyxennn
Shahab 2 'Scud C' mo. FPM Mononox, 770 500 Ha noopyxennn
Shahab 3 FPC Mononox, 1200 nnn 800 8001300 Ha noopyxennn
Shahab 3 uo. Shahab 3A/B, Ghadr-1 FPC 800 15002500 Ha noopyxennn
Shahab 4 FPC
2000
4000+
B paspaorxe
Shahab 5
FPC
nnn MFP
Mononox 4000+ B paspaorxe
Shahab 6
MFP
nnn PH
Mononox 6000+ B paspaorxe
Zelzal-1/2/3 FPM Mononox
125/200/
150-400
Ha noopyxennn
Tondar 69 FPM Mononox, 250 150 Ha noopyxennn
He+eu
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn



6
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Scud C (uo.) Hwasong 6 FPM Mononox, 700770 500 Ha noopyxennn
Scud B (uo.) Hwasong 5 FPM Mononox, 300 Ha noopyxennn
Kasaxcmau
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
KHP
KN-02 SS-21 mo. FPT Mononox, 250 nnn 485 120160 Ha noopyxennn
KN-08 MFP 25006000 He nsnecren
Musudan No Dong B; BM-25 FPC Mononox, 10001200 25004000 He nsnecren
No Dong 1 Ro-dong 1; No Dong A FPC Mononox, 1200 1300 Ha noopyxennn
No Dong 2 Ro-dong 2; No Dong B FPC Mononox, 700 15003000
Hpenonoxnrentno
na noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
KN-02 SS-21 mo. FPT 485 120160 Ha noopyxennn
Musudan No Dong B; BM-25 FPC 10001200 3200 He nsnecren
Scud B uo. Hwasong 5 FPM Mononox, 985 300 Ha noopyxennn
Scud C uo. Hwasong 6 FPM Mononox, 700770 500 Ha noopyxennn
Scud D uo. Hwasong 7 FPM Mononox, 500 700800 Ha noopyxennn
Taep'o Dong 1 Moksong 1, Pekdosan 1 FPC Mononox, 750 2000 Ha noopyxennn
Taep'o Dong 1 PH PH Mononox, 750 5000 B paspaorxe
Taep'o Dong 2 Moksong 2, Pekdosan 2 MFP Mononox, 10001500 40008000 B paspaorxe
Taepo Dong 3 MFP 8000 He nsnecren


















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KHP
B-611/-611M CSS-11 FPM Mononox, 480 150 Ha noopyxennn
DF-11/-11A CSS-7 FPM Mononox, 800 nnn 500
280350;
350530
Ha noopyxennn
DF-15/-15A/-15B CSS-6/M-9 FPM Mononox, 500750 600 Ha noopyxennn
DF-21/-21A/-21B/-
21C/-21
CSS-5 FPC Mononox, 600 21502500 Ha noopyxennn
DF-25 FPC Mononox, 1200 nnn c PIu, 1800
3200 nnn
4000
He nsnecren
DF-3/-3A CSS-2 FPC Mononox, 2150 2650 Cnxra c noopyxennx
DF-31/-31A CSS-9 MFP
Mononox nnn c 34 PIu,
10501750
8000 (DF-31);
11700
(DF-31A)
Ha noopyxennn
DF-4 CSS-3 FPC Mononox, 2200 4750 Ha noopyxennn
DF-41 CSS-X-10 MFP Mononox nnn c 610 PIu, 2500
12000
15000
B paspaorxe
DF-5/-5A CSS-4 MFP Mononox, 3900 12000 Ha noopyxennn
Guided Wei Shi-2/-3 FPM Mononox, 200 200 Ha noopyxennn
Guided WM-80 FPM Mononox, 150 280 He nsnecren
JL-1/-1A CSS-N-3 FPC Mononox, 600 2150; 2500 Ha noopyxennn
JL-2 CSS-NX-5 MFP
Mononox nnn c 38 PIu,
10502800
72008000 B paspaorxe
M-7 CSS-8/Project 8610 FPM Mononox, 190 nnn 250 150 Cnxra c noopyxennx
P-12 BP-12/-12A FPM Mononox, 450 150 Ha noopyxennn
SY-400/-400 uo. FPM Mononox, 150200 150200 B paspaorxe
DF-16 FPM 8001000 B paspaorxe




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Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
DF-2/-2A CSS-1 FPC Mononox, 1500 1050 Cnxra c noopyxennx
DF-15/M-9 CSS-6 FPM Mononox, 500 600 Ha noopyxennn
DF-25 FPC Mononox, 10002000 25003000 B paspaorxe
Guided WM-80 Guardian 2 FPT Mononox 80 Ha noopyxennn
M-18 FPC Mononox 1000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Kya
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Bueua
Al Fatah FPC Mononox, 500 13001500 B paspaorxe
Condor 2 FPM Mononox, 450 900 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Scud B uo. Hwasong 5 FPM Mononox 300 Ha noopyxennn
Scud C uo. Hwasong 6 FPM Mononox, 700770 500 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
OA3
MGM-140/-164/-168
ATACMS
FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
Scud B uo. Hwasong 5 FPM Mononox, 300 Ha noopyxennn
Harucmau
Hatf 1 FPT Mononox, 500
70 (Hatf 1)
nnn 100
(Hatf 1A/1B)
Ha noopyxennn


















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Hatf 2 Abdali FPM Mononox, 250450 180200 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 2A Abdali FPM Mononox 300 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 3 Ghaznavi FPM Mononox, 700 290320 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 4 Shaheen 1/Tarmuk FPM Mononox, 700 750 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 5 Ghauri 1/Mark III FPC Mononox, 500 1300 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 5 Ghauri-3 FPC Mononox 30003500 B paspaorxe
Hatf 5A Ghauri 2 FPC Mononox, 700 15001800 Ha noopyxennn
Hatf 6 Shaheen 2 FPC Mononox, 700 2500 Ha noopyxennn
Haft 9 Nasr FPM B paspaorxe
Pecnyuura Kopea
NHK-1/2
Hyon Mu;
Nike-Hercules mo.
FPM Mononox, 490 180250 Ha noopyxennn
KSR Series FPM 150290 200800 He nsnecren
MGM-140/-164/-168
ATACMS
FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
Poccucraa 0eepauua
FROG-7B R-65/Hyna M FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
RS-24 Yantz/pc MFP c 6 PIu 10500 Ha noopyxennn
SS-11 uo. 1 n 2 Sego, RS-10 MFP Mononox 12000 Ycrapenmax
SS-11 uo. 3 Sego, RS-10 MFP c 3 PIu
10300
12000
Ycrapenmax
SS-12 Scaleboard, OTR-22 FPM Mononox, 1250 900 Ycrapenmax
SS-13 uo. 1 Savage, RS-12 MFP Mononox, 600 10200 Ycrapenmax
SS-13 uo. 2 Savage, RS-12 MFP Mononox, 500 10600 Ycrapenmax
SS-16 Sinner, RS-14/Temn 2C MFP Mononox, 1000 9000 Ycrapenmax
SS-17 uo. 1 Spanker, RS-16 MFP c 4 PIu, 2550 10200 Ycrapenmax
SS-17 uo. 2 Spanker, RS-16 MFP c 4 PIu, 2550 11000 Ycrapenmax



6
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6






















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Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
SS-18 uo. 1 Satan, RS-20A, Boenoa MFP c 4 nnn 10 PIu 10200 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-18 uo. 2 Satan, RS-20A, Boenoa MFP Mononox n nonymxa
11200
16000
Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-18 uo. 3 Satan, RS-20B, Boenoa MFP c 10 PIu 11000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-18 uo. 4 Satan, RS-20V, Boenoa MFP c 10 PIu 11000 Ha noopyxennn
SS-18 uo. 5 Satan, RS-20V, Boenoa MFP c 10 PIu 11000 Ha noopyxennn
SS-18 uo. 6 Satan, RS-20V, Boenoa MFP Mononox +KH HPO 16000 Ha noopyxennn
SS-19 uo. 1 Stiletto, RS-18, UR-100 MFP c 6 PIu 9000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-19 uo. 2
Stiletto, RS-18,
UR-100NU
MFP c 6 PIu 10000 Ha noopyxennn
SS-1A Scunner, R-1 FPM Mononox, 1075 270 Ycrapenmax
SS-1B 'Scud A' R-11 FPM Mononox, 950 190 Ha noopyxennn
SS-1C 'Scud B' R-17 FPM Mononox, 985 300 Ha noopyxennn
SS-1D 'Scud C' FPM Mononox, 600 550 Hensnecren
SS-1E 'Scud D' FPM Mononox, 985 300
SS-2 Sibling, R-2 FPM Mononox 1500 600 Ycrapenmax
SS-20 Saber, RSD-10, Hnonep FPC c 3 PIu 4700 Ycrapenmax
SS-21A Scarab A, OTR-21, Touxa FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
SS-21 B
Scarab B, OTR-21,
Touxa Y
FPT Mononox, 482 120 Ha noopyxennn
SS-23 Spider, OTR-23, Oxa FPM Mononox, 716772 500 Ycrapenmax
SS-24
Scalpel, RS-22, RT-23U,
Monoen
MFP MFP c 10 PIu 10000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-25 Sickle, RS-12M, Tonont MFP Mononox, 1000 10500 Ha noopyxennn


















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7

SS-26 Stone, Tender, Hcxanep FPM Mononox, 480700 280400 Ha noopyxennn
SS-27 Tonont-M, RS-12M1/M2 MFP Mononox 10500 Ha noopyxennn
SS-3 Shyster, R-5 FPC Mononox, 1500 n 1350 (xepnax) 1200 Ycrapenmax
SS-4 Sandel, R-12 FPC Mononox, 1630 2000 Ycrapenmax
SS-5 Skean, R-14 FPC Mononox nnn c 2 PIu, 13002155 4500 Ycrapenmax
SS-6 Sapwood, R-7 MFP Mononox; 5400 (R-7); 3700 (R-7A)
R-7 8000;
R-7A 9500
nnn 12000
Ycrapenmax
SS-7 Saddler, R-16 MFP Mononox, 14752200 11000 Ycrapenmax
SS-8 Sasin, R-9 MFP Mononox, 16502100
10300,
16000
Ycrapenmax
SS-9 Scarp, R-36 MFP
Mononox, 3950 (mo.1);
mononox, 5825 (mo. 2);
mononox, 6000 (mo. 3);
c 3 PIu, 6000 (mo. 4)
15500 Ycrapenmax
SS-N-17 Snipe, RS-16 FPHH Mononox 3900 Ycrapenmax
SS-N-18 uo. 1 Stingray, RSM-50, R-29R FPHH c 3 PIu 6500 Ha noopyxennn
SS-N-18 uo. 2 Stingray, RSM-50 FPHH Mononox 8000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-N-18 uo. 3 Stingray, RSM-50, R-29R FPHH c 7 PIu 6500 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-N-20 Sturgeon, RSM-52, R-39 FPHH c 10 PIu 8300 Ha noopyxennn
SS-N-23
Skiff, RSM-54, R-29RM,
Shetal/Brnnt
FPHH c 4 PIu, 2800 8300 Ha noopyxennn
SS-N-4 R-13 FPHH Mononox, 1598 560 Ycrapenmax
SS-N-5 Sark, R-21 FPHH Mononox, 1180 1420 Ycrapenmax
SS-N-6
Serb, R-27 FPHH
Mononox (mo. 1 n 2);
MFP c 3 PIu (mo. 3)
Mo. 1:
2500,
Mo. 2/3:
3000
Ycrapenmax




6
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8






















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Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
SS-N-8 uo. 1
Sawfly, RSM-40,
R-29, Btcora
FPHH Mononox 7800 Ycrapenmax
SS-N-8 uo. 2
Sawfly, RSM-40,
R-29, Btcora
FPHH Mononox 9100 Ycrapenmax
SS-NX-28 Fapx, Bapnanr, Ipom Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-NX-30 Fynana FPHH c PIu 75-150kT nnn 500kT 8300 B paspaorxe
SS-X-10 Scrag, GR-1 MFP Mononox 8000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-X-14 Scapegoat/Scamp, RT-1 FPC Mononox, 500 2500 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
SS-X-15 Scrooge, RT-20 MFP Mononox, 545 nnn 1410 6000 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Cepua u Hepuoeopua
K-15 Krajina FPM 150 He nsnecren
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Scud B uo. FPM Mononox 400 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Cupua
M-11 uo. DF-11/CSS-7 FPM Mononox, 800 280 Ha noopyxennn
M-9 uo. DF-15/CSS-6 FPM Mononox, 320 800 He nsnecren
M-600 FPM Mononox, 500 210
Hpenonoxnrentno
na noopyxennn
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
R-65 FROG-7 FPT Mononox, 200457 68 Ha noopyxennn
Scud B uo. Hwasong 5 FPM Mononox 300 Ha noopyxennn
Scud C uo. Hwasong 6 FPM Mononox, 700770 500 Ha noopyxennn
Scud D uo. Hwasong 7 FPM Mononox, 500 700800 Ha noopyxennn


















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6
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9

CHA
Atlas D MGM-16 MFP Mononox Mk 3/4 14000 Ycrapenmax
Atlas E/F MGM-16 MFP Mononox Mk 4 14000 Ycrapenmax
Guided MLRS M30/M31 FPT Mononox 70 Ha noopyxennn
Jupiter SM-78 FPC Mononox Mk 3/4 2400 Ycrapenmax
Lance MGM-52 FPT Mononox 130 Ha noopyxennn
MGM-140A Block 1 M39 FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
MGM-140B Block 1A M39A1 FPM Mononox, 160 300 Ha noopyxennn
MGM-164 Block 2 M39A3 FPM Mononox, 268 140 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
MGM-168 Block 4A FPM Mononox, 213 nnn 247 270 Ha noopyxennn
Minuteman I LGM-30A/B MFP Mononox Mk 11 10000 Ycrapenmax
Minuteman II LGM-30F MFP Mononox Mk 11C + KH HPO 12500 Ycrapenmax
Minuteman III LGM-30G MFP
Mk21 nnn c 3 PIu (Mk12,12A) +
KH HPO
13000 Ha noopyxennn
Minuteman IV MFP B paspaorxe
Peacekeeper LGM-118, MX MFP c 10 PIu Mk 21 9600 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Pershing I MGM-31A FPM Mononox 740 Ycrapenmax
Pershing II MGM-31B FPC Mononox 1800 Ycrapenmax
Polaris A-1 UGM-27 FPHH Mononox Mk 1 2200 Ycrapenmax
Polaris A-2 UGM-27 FPHH Mononox Mk 1 2800 Ycrapenmax
Polaris A-3 UGM-27 FPHH 3 Mk 2 4630 Ycrapenmax
Poseidon C-3 UGM-73 FPHH c 814 PIu 4630 Ycrapenmax
Redstone SSM-A-14 FPM Mononox, 3580 400 Ycrapenmax
Sergeant M-15, MGM-29 FPT Mononox, 500 135 Ycrapenmax
Small ICBM MGM-135A, Midgetman MFP Cnxra c nponsnocrna
Thor SM-75 FPC Mononox Mk 2 2700 Ycrapenmax
Titan 1 MGM-25a MFP Mononox Mk 4 10 000 Ycrapenmax



6
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Oxonuanne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Ant1epna1nnnoe
nasnanne
Knacc Honesnan narpysxa, xr
antnoc1t,
xu
C1a1yc
Titan 2 LGM-25C MFP Mononox Mk 6 15 000 Ycrapenmax
Trident C-4 UGM-96 FPHH c 8 PIu Mk 4 7400 Ycrapenmax
Trident D-5 UGM-133 FPHH c 8 PIu Mk 4 nnn Mk 5 12 000 Ha noopyxennn
Trident E-6 FPHH B paspaorxe
1aeauo
Ching Feng Green Bee FPM Mononox, 270 130 He nsnecren
Ti Ching FPC 10001500 B paspaorxe
Tien Chi Sky Halberd FPM Mononox, 200 120 He nsnecren
Tien Ma 1 Sky Horse FPM Mononox, 350 950 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
1ypr+euucmau
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
1ypuua
Project J Toros, J-600T FPM Mononox, 480 150 Ha noopyxennn
MGM-140/-164/-168
ATACMS
FPM Mononox, 560 165 Ha noopyxennn
Vrpauua
OTR-21A/-21B SS-21 FPM Mononox, 482 70 Ha noopyxennn
R-11/-17 SS-1 Scud A/B/C/D FPM Mononox, 600 190 Ha noopyxennn
0pauuua
Hads FPM Mononox 480 Cnxra c nponsnocrna
M-20 FPHH Mononox 3000 Ycrapenmax
M-4 FPHH c 6 PIu 40005000 Ycrapenmax
M-51/M-51.1 FPHH c 6 PIu 8000 Ha noopyxennn


















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6
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1

M-45 FPHH c 6 PIu 5300 Ha noopyxennn
M-51.2 M-5 FPHH c 10 PIu 8000+ B paspaorxe
Pluton P-2 FPM Mononox 120 Ycrapenmax
S-3 P-3 FPC Mononox, 1000 3500 Ycrapenmax
Hpu+e:auu: FPM annncrnuecxax paxera mentme antnocrn; FPHH annncrnuecxax paxera na nonono noxe; FPC an-
nncrnuecxax paxera cpene antnocrn; FPT annncrnuecxax paxera oneparnnno-raxrnuecxax; KH HPO xomnnexc npeoonennx HPO;
MFP mexxonrnnenrantnax annncrnuecxax paxera; PH paxera-nocnrent.
Cocranneno no: BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILE THREAT, National Air and Space Intelligence Center Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base <http://www.fas.org/>; Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Department of Defense of the United States of America. February 2010;
Ballistic Missiles of the World. A Project of the Claremont Institute <http://www.missilethreat.com/> n p.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 622
ontmnm npemenem peaxnnn, uro cnxsano c npoonxnrentnocrtm nonera MFP,
samnra or pernonantntx yrpos npeycmarpnnaer cymecrnenno mentmym
nnrentnocrt ncex onepann. Manoe nonernoe npemx oycnannnnaer ntco-
xne rpeonannx x tcrpore cpaartnannx ncex npornnopaxerntx +nemenron
n x cxopocrn npnnxrnx ornercrnenntx pemenn. Hpn +rom xaxax pernonant-
nax cncrema onxna nxnmuart coornercrnymmee uncno npornnopaxer (HP) n
oecneunnammnx nx cncrem, urot cepxnnanne tno +]]exrnnntm.
Ono ns naxnemnx saau xnnxercx pasneprtnanne HPK n HPC n nn-
xame (o 2015 r.) n onrocpouno nepcnexrnne. Ocnonnoe nnnmanne npn
+rom yenxercx antnememy ynennuennm xonnuecrna raxnx cncrem npn co-
xpanennn nnsxoro yponnx rexnnuecxoro pncxa. Kax uacrt raxoro pemennx,
MO CBA ynennunnaer saxynxn nponepenntx xomnnexcon n cncrem: HPK
TXAA [Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)], npornnopaxert SM-3
[Cmauoapm-3 (CM-3)] n cocrane cncremt Aegis (Ho+uc-HPO) n pano-
noxannonno crannnn (PHC) AN/TPY-2.
Bropax uacrt yxasannoro pemennx saxnmuaercx n antnemem conep-
mencrnonannn rexnonornn, uro yxe peannsyercx. Tax, n nacroxmee npemx HP
SM-3 sanycxaercx rontxo c mopx, no o 2015 r. onxna noxnnrtcx mon]nxa-
nnx HP SM-3 nasemnoro asnponannx, xoropo yer ocnamartcx HPK Aegis
Ashore, uro acr nosmoxnocrt oecneunrt nyumee nepexptrne samnmaemoro
pernona sa cuer pasmemennx npornnopaxert na ero reppnropnn. 3rn HP na-
semnoro asnponannx ocymecrnxr cnnomnoe nepexptrne samnmaemtx o-
nacre yyme pernonantno cncremt HPO npornn annncrnuecxnx paxer
cpene antnocrn (FPC).
MO moepnnsnpyer raxxe camy npornnopaxery SM-3. K 2015 r. na noo-
pyxenne onxna nocrynnrt ee nonax mon]nxannx SM-3 Block IB. Y nee
yer yconepmencrnonana rononxa camonaneennx crynenn nepexnara, xoro-
pax oecneunr nyumee pacnosnananne nene n ontmym onacrt nepexptrnx.
Honax mon]nxannx moxer trt pasnepnyra xax na mope, rax n na cyme
(HPK Aegis Ashore). 3amnmaemax nnomat yer ononnnrentno ynennuena
sa cuer orpaorxn rexnonornn nycxa HP no anntm neneyxasannx or yanen-
ntx nn]opmannonntx cpecrn. Ho mepe roro xax +ra rexnonornx yer non-
nocrtm peannsonana, npornnopaxert, rpaexropnn xoroptx nepecranyr orpa-
nnunnartcx panycom onapyxennx araxymme paxert PHC xopaentno
cncremt Aegis, nonyuar nosmoxnocrt crapronart pantme n nerert antme.
Hpoonxaercx pasnnrne nceoemnmme cncremt oenoro ynpannennx
n cnxsn [Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications
(C2BMC)], nnrerpnpymme pasnnunte nn]opmannonnte cpecrna n oecne-
unnamme nosmoxnocrt nnannponannx onepann n nosnonxmme npononrt
cnryannonnoe ononemenne n npeynpexenne nnn, npnnnmammnx pemennx.
Hpeycmarpnnaercx ncrpannanne n apxnrexrypy cymecrnymmnx n nepcnex-
rnnntx arunxon HPO, a raxxe pasnnuntx ncnontsyemtx ornentx cpecrn,
raxnx xax xomnnexct THAAD, PATRIOT (Hompuom), mon]nxannn HP SM-3)
n GBI. 3ro nosnonnr yonnernopnrt cnenn]nuecxne rpeonannx pasnnuntx
pernonantntx cncrem HPO n cenart amepnxancxoe nn]opmannonnoe none
conpxraemtm c HPK n HPC, paspaartnaemtx conmecrno c nx comsnnxamn n
naprnepamn. nx samnrt reppnropnn crpant craner ocrynna rax nastnae-
max ecmonnax xaprnna rnoantno ocranonxn, oennxmmax ncm apxn-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 623
rexrypy HPO n orpaxammax neoxonmte ocoennocrn ee ]ynxnnonnpona-
nnx.
Eme ono cpecrno, nameuennoe x paspaorxe n nepno o 2015 r., +ro
nn]paxpacnax onrnxo-+nexrponnax cncrema (O3C) nosymnoro asnponannx.
Hent npoexra cocronr n oecneuennn ononpemennoro onapyxennx n conpo-
noxennx ontmoro xonnuecrna FP c nomomtm ecnnnorntx nerarentntx
annaparon. 3rn npocrpancrnenno-pacnpeenennte nosymnte nnar]opmt
onxnt cymecrnenno ynennunrt rnynny pernonantno HPO.
B nacroxmee npemx Arenrcrno CBA no HPO paspaartnaer nonym xon-
nennnm, nonyunnmym nasnanne Early Intercept (EI) (Pauuu nepexeam). B
ee pamxax nccneyercx rexnnuecxax nosmoxnocrt nopaxennx FP na nauant-
ntx (axrnnntx) yuacrxax rpaexropnn nonera c ncnontsonannem cymecrnym-
mnx ornentx n nn]opmannonntx cpecrn. Bmecro roro urot nonarartcx na
ontmne no pasmepam n coornercrnenno onee tcrpte HP, npenoxeno
ymentmnrt npemx peaxnnn cncremt HPO (na nepeauy anntx o nenn, na nx
opaorxy n na npnnxrne pemennx o nycxe HP), urot mrarnte ornente
cpecrna mornn ocrnrart paxer npornnnnxa snaunrentno pantme. Peannsa-
nnx xonnennnn onxna nosnonnrt oecneunrt ononnnrentnte nosmoxnocrn
nonropnoro ocrpena araxymme nenn.
K xonny ecxrnnernx nnannpyercx paspaorart onee conepmennte or-
nente n nn]opmannonnte cpecrna HPO. HP SM-3 Block IIA (CM-3 +oo. 2A)
yer nmert ontmym cxopocrt pasrona n onee +]]exrnnnym rononxy camo-
naneennx, uro nosnonnr npensorn nosmoxnocrn HP mon]nxann SM-3
Block IA nnn SM-3 Block IB n pacmnpnrt sony oopont.
Paxera SM-3 Block IIA naxonrcx na nauantnom +rane paspaorxn. Ona-
ax ontmnmn pasronno cxopocrtm n manenpenntmn xapaxrepncrnxamn,
ona yer nmert orpannuennte nosmoxnocrn pannero nepexnara MFP. Hpn
oopone or FPC HP SM-3 Block IIB cmoxer oecneunrt ontmym sony ne-
pexptrnx samnmaemoro pernona no cpannennm c SM-3 Block IIA.
ononnnrentnte accnrnonannx ntenent na pasnnrne n onrocpouno
nepcnexrnne rexnonornn engage on remote (oocmpe. yoa.euuo e.u),
npeycmarpnnamme ne rontxo nycx HP no anntm nnemnero neneyxasannx
or yanennoro ncrounnxa, no n nosmoxnocrt nepeaun xoman na ee opr c
nn]opmannonntx cpecrn, ornnuntx or xopaentno PHC cncremt Aegis.
3ro onxno nosnonnrt npornnopaxere nepexnartnart araxymmym nent na
ontmnx antnocrxx. antnemne npoexrt nanpannent na cosanne cncre-
mt O3C xocmnuecxoro asnponannx c nocroxnntm nepexptrnem snaunrent-
ntx onacre nanmennx ontmoro xonnuecrna araxymmnx nene, oecne-
unnax nx onapyxenne n conponoxenne na ncex yuacrxax rpaexropnn. Taxax
cncrema moxer snaunrentno cnnsnrt narpysxy na nasemnte nn]opmannonnte
cpecrna n ymentmnrt xonnuecrno HPK n HPC, rpeymmnxcx npn pasneprt-
nannn ro nnn nno cncremt HPO. Coornercrnymmn npoexr, nasnannt
PTSS (Precision Tracking and Space System), nmeer naxnt npnopnrer ]nnan-
cnponannx
3
.

3
Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Department of Defense of the United States of
America. Feb. 2010.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 624
Kpome roro, ontmoe snauenne yenxercx pasnnrnm opyxnx nanpannen-
no nepeaun +neprnn (OHH3), cnnerentcrnom uero xnnxmrcx paspaorxn
no amepnxancxo nporpamme cosannx ontrnoro opasna nasepa nosymnoro
asnponannx ALTB (Airborne Laser Test Bed), nepnte ycnemnte ncntrannx
xoroporo n ]enpane 2010 r. crann emoncrpanne nepexnara c nosymno
nnar]opmt xnxoronnnnno FP npn nomomn nanpannenno +neprnn. Ho
mnennm nexoroptx +xcnepron, OHH3 craner omnnnpymmnm na none ox
yymero.
B nenom naxneme xapaxrepncrnxo conpemenno nonnrnxn CBA n
c]epe pernonantnoro corpynnuecrna no HPO xnnxercx crpemnenne x maxcn-
mantno nosmoxnomy ntopy noxoon nx xaxoro xonxpernoro cnyuax no
ornomennm x ynnxantntm rpeonannxm no cepxnnannm n oopone, cyme-
crnenno sanncxmnm or reorpa]nuecxnx, ncropnuecxnx n noenntx ocoenno-
cre pernona, a raxxe or crenenn corpynnuecrna co crpanamn-yuacrnnxamn
mnpoxomacmrano HPO.
B ocnone pernonantntx ycnnn n onacrn HPO CBA nexnr necxontxo
ocnonntx npnnnnnon:
CBA yenxmr ocooe nnnmanne ycnnennm apxnrexrypt pernonantno-
ro cepxnnannx, xoropoe onxno ocnontnartcx na recno xoonepannn n no-
oammem pacnpeenennn pemenn nsepxex mexy Coennenntmn Brara-
mn n nx comsnnxamn. B ro npemx xax HPO nrpaer naxnym pont n
pernonantnom cepxnnannn, pyrne cocrannxmmne raxxe paccmarpnnamrcx
n xauecrne cymecrnenntx. Hpornn rocyapcrn, nmemmnx xepnoe opyxne
(O), pernonantnoe cepxnnanne yer nxnmuart xepnt xomnonenr (nepe-
onoro nnn pyroro O). Ero pont n apxnrexrypax pernonantnoro cepxnna-
nnx moxer trt ymentmena npn nospacrannn ponn HPO n pyrnx crparern-
uecxnx cpecrn;
CBA yyr npnmenxrt no+rannt rnxn noxo n xaxom pernone,
rouno ntnepennt no ornomennm x yrposam, n rom uncne no macmray n
renennnxm nx peannsannn, nmemmnmcx n neoxonmtm cpecrnam nx nx
napnponannx. CBA yyr cosanart xpenxne n xnsnecnoconte pernonant-
nte crpyxrypt, canancnponannte no ornomennm x pernonantntm norpe-
nocrxm n nosmoxnocrxm;
nocxontxy n cneymmem ecxrnnernn norpenocrn n cpecrnax
HPO n pernonax moryr npentmart nmemmnecx nosmoxnocrn, CBA yyr
paspaartnart monntnte n rpancnopraentnte cpecrna n cncremt. 3ro
nosnonnr nepememart nx ns pernona n pernon n cnyuae xpnsnca. Taxnm o-
pasom, nosmoxnocrt tcrporo napamnnannx ooponnrentnoro norennnana
onxna cepxnnart norennnantntx arpeccopon cpasy n necxontxnx pe-
rnonax
4
.
Hpn npnmenennn +rnx npnnnnnon n pasnnuntx pernonax Henraron y-
er nonarartcx na rnoantnym nn]pacrpyxrypy oenoro ynpannennx noopy-
xenntmn cnnamn CBA n ntope mecr pasneprtnannx cpecrn HPO
(pnc. 1).


4
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense, the Space Relationship, & the Twenty-First
Century, 2009 Report, The Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. <https://www. claremont.org/>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 625



















Pnc. 1. 3neuen1m HPO na 1eppn1opnn rocyapc1n nap1nepon CmA*
* Pncynox nocrpoen anropom na ocnonannn cneymmnx ncrounnxon: Ballistic Missile Defense
Review Report, Department of Defense of the United States of America, February 2010; Ronald
O'Rourke, Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress,
December 22, 2011, Congressional Research Service, <www.crs.gov>; Independent Working Group on
Missile Defense, the Space Relationship, & the Twenty-First Century, 2009 Report, The Institute for
Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. <https://www.claremont.org/>; Ronald O'Rourke. Navy Aegis Ballistic
Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress, April 19, 2011, CRS Report for
Congress, Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 7
5700 <www.crs.gov>, RL33745. Iypoe C. B. Peaxrnnnte cncremt sannonoro ornx. Osop. ue.
roc. ynnr. npenpnxrne Ioc. nayu. nponsno. npenpnxrne Cnnan <http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/
sale/rszo>.
Hpu+e:auu: 1. auua (o. Ipeuuauua) PHC AN/FPS-120 (mo.PHC AN/FPS-123); nnannpy-
ercx Aegis +opcroeo oasupoeauu; 2. Hopeeeua PHC AN/FPS-129; Aegis mopcxoro asnpona-
nnx; 3. Beuuropumauua PHC AN/FPS-126 (mo. PHC AN/FPS-123), 3PK PAAMS (S), nnannpy-
ercx Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx; 4. Huepuaum PHC M3R, cnyrnnx pannero onapyxennx;
nnannpyercx 3PK SAMP/T Block 2, xomannt nynxr HPO, Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx;
5. Iep+auua 3PK MEADS, 3PK PAAMS, xomannt nynxr HPO; nnannpymrcx 3PK SAMP/T
Block 2, Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx; 6. 0pauuua 3PK PAAMS, 3PK SAMP/T; 7.Hmauua
3PK PAAMS, 3PK SAMP/T, 3PK MEADS; nnannpyercx 3PK SAMP/T Block 2; 8. 1ypuua PHC
AN/TPY-2, xomannt nynxr HPO, nnannpyercx Arrow; 9. Py+muua nnannpyercx SM-3, nynxr
ynpannennx Aegis, PHC, Aegis Ashore; 10. Hcnauua PAC-3, nnannpyercx Aegis mopcxoro asnpo-
nannx; 11. Hououa nnannpyercx SM-3; Aegis Ashore; 12. Hspauuo Arrow, Tactical High Energy
Laser (THEL), MiniRazMMR (EL/M-2084), RazMMR (EL/M-2084), PAC-3, PHC (FBX-T)
13. AN/TPY-2, 3PK HAWK, nnannpyercx eperonax cncrema Aegis Ashore; 13. KCA nnannpyercx
PAC-3, YP GEM-T; 14. Kyeem PAC-3, YP GEM-T; 15. Kamap HPK nasemnoro asnponannx
(repmnnantnt ntcornt nepexnarunx) Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD); 16. OA3
PAC-3; 17. Huua PHC, +nemenrt Arrow-2, nnannpyercx: PHC, Prithvi Air Defence (PAD), Ad-
vanced Air Defence (AAD); 18. Rnouua Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx, PAC-3; PHC AN/TPY-2
(FBR-T), J/FPS-XX n J/FPS-3 mo; 19. Kxuaa Kopea PAC-3, Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx, nna-
nnpyercx PHC AN/TPY-2; 20. 1aeauo 3PK HAWK, PAC-3, TienKung (Sky Bow), PAC-3, nnann-
pyercx Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx; 21. Aecmpauua HPC Project DUNDEE, paap Jindalee, nna-
nnpyercx Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 626
Tnxooxeancxnn pernon
(Rnonnn, Pecnynnxa Kopen, Anc1pannn, Tannant)

B +rom pernone CBA nmemr px nosmoxnocre no corpynnuecrny n
onacrn HPO, n onnm ns nanonee naxntx naprnepon xnnxercx Bnouu.
K neoxonmocrn nccneonann n onacrn HPO nonnx npnmna n 1998 r.,
nocne rpex sanycxon BPC Taepo-dong (Tenooou) c reppnropnn KHP. Hocne nc-
ntrannx n 1999 r. BP Taepo-dong-1, xoropax nponerena na nonne n ynana n Tn-
xn oxean, mnnncrepcrny oopont crpant tno nopyueno nauart paort no paspa-
orxe cncremt npornnopaxerno samnrt reppnropnn crpant conmecrno c CBA.
C 1999 r. nonnx ]axrnuecxn yuacrnyer n nporpamme amepnxancxnx nc-
cneonann n onacrn HPO, nonyunnme nasnanne Pacmnpennax oopona
mopcxoro rearpa noenntx ecrnn, n pamxax xoropo xnoncxax cropona or-
neuaer sa paspaorxy naxntx +nemenron paxer-nepexnarunxon
5
.
Ycnemnte ncntrannx no nepexnary FP n 2002 r. npnnenn nonnm npn
noepxxe CBA x pemennm pasnepnyrt cocrnennym +menonnponannym
cncremy HPO, o uem n tno oxnneno na saceannn xnoncxoro xannera mn-
nncrpon n 2003 r. uopmantno +ro npenonarano npnoperenne amepnxancxo
cncremt Aegis Sea-Based Missile Defense n 3PK Patriot Advanced Capability 3
Interceptors (PAC-3) n xauecrne ooponnrentno mept nx samnrt xnsnn n
cocrnennocrn rpaxan nonnn
6
or nanaenn FP rocyapcrn-arpeccopon.
Tora xe xnoncxnm Ooponntm arenrcrnom (Japanese Defense Agency) tno
sannannponano cnanrt +cmnnnt paxeramn SM-3.
B exape 2004 r. CBA n nonnx nonncann conmecrnt oxymenr o
corpynnuecrne n onacrn HPO, nxnmuammn nsanmnym nepeauy rexnono-
rn (Framework Memorandum of Understanding on Missile Defense Coopera-
tion)
7
. B cneymmem roy tn onynnxonan oxymenr Coms CBA n no-
nnn: npeopasonanne n nepecrpoxa nx yymero (U.S. Japan Alliance:
Transformation and Realignment for the Future), xoropt onpeenxn pamxn y-
ymero corpynnuecrna
8
.
B exape 2005 r. nonnx oxnnna, uro sannarnr oxono ono rpern
cronmocrn conmecrno c CBA nporpammt no HPO pasmepom n 11.5 mnp
onn. (omax cronmocrt cocrannxer npnnnsnrentno 3 mnp onn.)
9
, nocne uero
Iocyapcrnennt enapramenr CBA o]nnnantno saxnnn, uro nonnx crana
camtm snaunmtm naprnepom Coennenntx Braron n onacrn HPO
10
.
HPO nonnn npecrannxer coo +menonnponannym cncremy c oent-
mn xopanxmn, ocnamenntmn cncremo Aegis c HP SM-3; 3PK PAC-3; mo-
nntntmn PHC pannero npeynpexennx Mobile X-Band Radar n nn]pa-
crpyxrypy oenoro ynpannennx
11
.

5
Hpornnopaxernax oopona nonnn. 01.09.2005 <http://www.inosmi.ru/ translation/ 221912.html>.
6
International Cooperation on Missile Defense Capabilities Growing, Effective missile de-
fense deters proliferation, says State Department official, 4 Apr. 2006 <http://iipdigital.usembassy.
gov/st/english/texttrans/2006/04/20060404160654idybeekcm0.2211725.html>.
7
U.S. Japan Framework Memorandum of Understanding on Missile Defense cooperation,
Dec. 2004 <http://www.japanconsidered.com/OccasionalPapers/Rubinstein%20USJA%20BMD.pdf>.
8
Kyodo. 2005. 1 Nov.
9
Associated Press. 2005. 15 Dec.
10
U. S. Department of State, Press Release. 2006. 10 Mar.
11
Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Department of Defense of the United States of
America. 2010. Feb.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 627
Mopcxo +menon HPO cocronr ns uertpex xnoncxnx +cmnnnen, ocnamen-
ntx amepnxancxo cncremo Aegis c SM-3: Koueo (Kongo), Hora (Chokai),
Muoro (Myoko) n Kupuuu+a (Kirishima). Hnannpyercx raxxe ycranonnrt cnc-
remy HPO na nyx nontx +cmnnnax, xoropte crpoxrcx n Haracaxn
12
.
B 2006 r. CBA n nonnx nponenn ncntranne HP SM-3, oopyonanno
+xcnepnmenrantntmn +nemenramn Clamshell xnoncxo paspaorxn, oecne-
unnammnmn mnnnmantnoe a+ponnamnuecxoe conpornnnenne n ymentmam-
mnmn npemx nonera rononno uacrn HP
13
.
Hnannpyercx pasnepnyrt 124 paxert PAC-3, xoropte cocrannxmr eme
onn +menon xnoncxo HPO. B 2010 r. 32 HP tnn saxynnent y CBA n nc-
nonnponant na 11 asax no nce crpane
14
, ocrantnte onxnt trt nponsne-
ent n nonnn.
3aaua onapyxennx nycxa FP nosnoxena na PHC FBX-T na ocrpone
Xoncm. Kpome roro, xnonnt camocroxrentno cosann PHC FPS-XX, pemam-
mym noonte saaun. Hnannpyercx ycranonnrt uertpe raxnx paapa n nep-
nom +menone HPO
15
. Kpome roro, cncrema nosnonnr nonnn nepexnartnart
paxert, nanpannennte na CBA. Ona yer cymecrnenntm +nemenrom samnrt
CBA or nepoxrnoro npornnnnxa n nx crparernuecxnx nnrepecon n pernone.
Ono ns nanonee naxntx nsanmntx ycnnn nyx crpan nanpanneno na
paspaorxy cneymmero noxonennx HP SM-3 Block IIA. 3ra nporpamma npe-
crannxer coo ne rontxo conmecrnym rexnnuecxym paspaorxy, no n ocnony
nx antnemero ecrnennoro corpynnuecrna n onacrn oopont n eso-
nacnocrn n pernone.
CBA n nonnx perynxpno nponoxr noennte yuennx, xoropte onenn-
namrcx oenmn crpanamn xax ycnemnte. B nocnenne rot tn nponeen
px ycnemntx ncntrann c npnmenennem SM-3 no ynnuroxennm FPC: nc-
ntranne JFTM-1 17 exapx 2007 r., 27 oxrxpx 2009 r. ncntranne JFTM-3,
28 oxrxpx 2010 r. JFTM-4
16
.
Ho onenxe MO CBA, naprnepcrno CBA c nonne npecrannxer co-
o ntammncx npnmep raxoro corpynnuecrna, xoropoe neoxonmo n xoe
npnmenennx no+rannoro rnxoro noxoa, aanrnponannoro x cnenn]nue-
cxnm pernonantntm yrposam n nosmoxnocrxm no nx napnponannm
17
.
Pecnyo.ura Kope raxxe xnnxercx naxntm naprnepom CBA n onacrn
HPO. Ona npoxnnna nnrepec x saxynxe cncrem HPO nasemnoro n mopcxoro asn-
ponannx, PHC pannero npeynpexennx, nn]pacrpyxrypt oenoro ynpannennx
18
.
Cosanne cncremt nauanoct n noxpe 2004 r. co crponrentcrna nepnoro
ns rpex, sannannponanntx x caue n 2010 r. xopecxnx +cmnnnen KDX-III,

12
O'Rourke R. Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues
for Congress, 22 Dec. 2011. Congressional Research Service <www.crs.gov>.
13
Japanese Ballistic Missile Defense <http://www.missilethreat.com>
.

14
Iou:apoe, H. Hpornnopaxernax oopona xax nensexnocrt? // PHA Honocrn. 2007. 25
ex. <http://www.rian.ru/analytics/20071225/94106631.html>.
15
Bauuu, B. Tnxooxeancxn npornnopaxernt mnr // HHP-Henrp. 2007. 11 oxr. <http://
www.pircenter.org/data/publications/yki34-2007.html>.
16
O'Rourke, R. Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Is-
sues for Congress, 2011. 22 Dec. Congressional Research Service <www.crs.gov>.
17
Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Department of Defense of the United States of
America. 2010. Feb.
18
ORourke R. Op.cit.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 628
oopyonanntx cncremo Aegis
19
, nmemmnx nosmoxnocrt ocymecrnnxrt no-
ncx n orcnexnnanne oxono 100 nene ononpemenno.
B nauane 2000-x roon Rxnax Kopex nnannponana npnopecrn y CBA
48 paxer PAC-3, no n 2002 r. orxasanact or cenxn no coopaxennxm cronmo-
crn. B anpene 2008 r. Raytheon Company nonyunna xonrpaxr na 241 mnn onn.
or MO CBA [U. S. Department of Defenses Foreign Military Sales (FMS)] na
oecneuenne Rxno Kopen oopyonannem no ynpannennm, xonrponm n
rexnnuecxo noepxxe Patriot
20
.
B nacroxmee npemx CBA n Rxnax Kopex npoonxamr ntpaartnart
asonte rpeonannx x yyme conmecrno npornnopaxerno cncreme. Boen-
no-nonnrnuecxoe pyxonocrno CBA saxnnxer, uro xax rontxo +rn rpeonannx
yyr onpeenent, Coennennte Brart yyr roront x conmecrno paore
na yxpennennem samnrt cnoero comsnnxa or cenepoxopecxo paxerno yr-
post. CBA naemrcx na antnemne marn x nontmennm crenenn xoopn-
nannn nocx n na ycnemnoe pasnnrne corpynnuecrna n onacrn HPO
21
.
Corpynnuecrno Aecmpauuu c CBA n onacrn HPO nauanoct n xonne
90-x roon. Hentm conmecrnoro npoexra DUNDEE (Down Under Early Warn-
ing Experiment), xoropt npecrannxn coo cepnm +xcnepnmenron n onacrn
HPO, npononmtx c cenrxpx 1997 r. Coennenntmn Braramn n nnne BMDO
(U. S. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization) n Ancrpanne n nnne DSTO (Aus-
tralian Defence Science and Technology Organisation), xnnxnact nponepxa o-
napyxennx sanycxon FP ancrpanncxnm paapom rnna Jindalee
22
.
O]nnnantno npannrentcrno Ancrpannn npncoennnnoct x yuacrnm n
conmecrno HPO co npemenn saxnnennx o paspaorxe rocyapcrnenno npo-
rpammt npornnoecrnnx paxerntm yrposam n pacnpocrpanennm O n xonne
2003 r.
23
B ee pamxax 19 nmnx 2004 r. tn nonncan Memopanym o nsanmo-
nonnmannn n c]epe corpynnuecrna n onacrn HPO [Framework Memoran-
dum of Understanding on Missile Defense Cooperation (MOU)] n n oxrxpe
2005 r. nycroponnn oxymenr, pacmnpxmmn nccneonannx n pasnnrne
cncrem HPO (Research & Development MOU), xoropte orxptnn nyrt x recno-
my rexnonornuecxomy n nn]opmannonnomy corpynnuecrny mexy noenno-
mopcxnmn cnnamn nyx rocyapcrn n onpeennnn nanpannennx pasnnrnx npo-
rnnopaxerno cncremt na nnxamne 25 ner
24
. B nmne 2004 r. no oxonuannn
ncrpeun co cnonm ancrpanncxnm xonnero Poeprom Xnnnom rnana Henraro-
na onant Pamc]en saxnnn: Mt nonncann memopanym o nsanmononn-
mannn, nsxn, raxnm opasom, na cex oxsarentcrno corpynnuart n cosannn
raxo cncremt, xoropax samnrnr namn crpant or paxerntx arax
25
. Ho co-
omennm mnnncrpa oopont Ancrpannn P. Xnnna, +nemenrt cncremt HPO,

19
Pike, J. Tien Tan Advanced Combat System Ship [AEGIS], GlobalSecurity.org, 27 Apr.
2005 <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/taiwan/acs.htm>.
20
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense, the Space Relationship, & the Twenty-
First Century, 2009 Report, The Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. <https://www. clare-
mont.org/>.
21
ORourke, R. Op.cit.
22
Blenkin, M. Fed: Australia Plays Role in Missile Defence // AAP Newsfeed. 2003. 5 Dec.
23
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense
24
Missile defense cooperation, International Cooperation on Missile Defense <http://prague.
usembassy.gov/md2_interview4/missile-defense-cooperation/>.
25
McLennan, D. Hill Meets Rumsfeld, Signs 25-Year Missile Defense Agreement with US //
Canberra Times. 2004. 8 July.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 629
nosmoxno, yyr pasmement pxom c ancrpanncxnmn ropoamn n cnxsn c
pacryme yrposo pacnpocrpanennx FP. Haxanyne nnsnra . Pamc]ena An-
crpannx yxe nponena ycnemnte ncntrannx PHC antnero onapyxennx, xo-
ropax raxxe paccmarpnnanact n xauecrne nosmoxnoro +nemenra yyme co-
nmecrno c CBA nporpammt HPO. Inant noenntx neomcrn nyx crpan
oronopnnnct raxxe o moepnnsannn pxa oexron Ancrpannn, xoropte
nnocnecrnnn yyr ncnontsonartcx nx nponeennx conmecrntx yuenn
26
.
B 2006 r. ancrpanncxn ]nor saxasan rpn amepnxancxne cncremt HPO
mopcxoro asnponannx, n rom uncne neprnxantnte HV Mk 41 na omym cym-
my oxono 1 mnp onn.
27
Hpeycmorpena nocranxa noncxontx PHC AN/SPQ-
9B, cncrem omena anntmn o raxrnuecxo ocranonxe CECS (Cooperative
Engagement Capability System), xomnnexcon pano+nexrponnoro noannennx
AN/SLQ-25A Nixie, cncrem onosnanannx AIMS MK XII, a raxxe pyroro co-
nyrcrnymmero oopyonannx, sanacntx uacre n oxymenrannn
28
.
B anrycre 2005 r. Ancrpannx oxnnna o ntope amepnxancxo ]npmt
Gibbs and Cox n xauecrne npoexrnponmnxa ancrpanncxnx noenntx +cmnnnen
npoexra AWD (Air Warfare Destroyer) cronmocrtm 6 mnp ancrpanncxnx
onnapon. B 2008 r. npannrentcrno nanpannno sanpoc Coennenntm Braram
o nosmoxnocrn nocranxn ononnnrentntx xomnonenron cncrem Aegis nx
ocnamennx rpex raxnx +cmnnnen, nepnt ns xoroptx nnannpyercx x npnnx-
rnm na noopyxenne n 2013 r.
29

B nacroxmee npemx nx Ancrpannn ne cymecrnyer npxmo yrpost paxerno-
ro nanaennx, onaxo, no saxnnennxm o]nnnantntx nnn, noenno-nonnrnuecxoe
pyxonocrno crpant ne ncxnmuaer noonym nosmoxnocrt n yymem
30
. Bepo-
xrno, rnanno ee nentm n crpemnennn x corpynnuecrny n c]epe HPO xnnxercx
noepxanne pyxecrnenntx ornomenn c CBA, rax xax +ro nsanmoecr-
nne orneuaer n nepnym ouepet amepnxancxnm nnrepecam (nmex noennte a-
st c cncremamn HPO n rnxooxeancxom pernone, onn nonyuamr nosmoxnocrt
oesonacnrt cex n pyrnx cnonx comsnnxon or paxernoro nanaennx uepes
+ror pernon ne rontxo co cropont KHP, no n co cropont onee cnntntx
xepntx epxan, raxnx xax KHP n Pu), a raxxe ncxnmunrentnte nosmoxno-
crn nx pasnnrnx ancrpanncxo npomtmnennocrn, rexnonorn n nayxn.
Mnorne ns acnexron raxoro corpynnuecrna saxpennent n nycroponnem o-
ronope mexy CBA n Ancrpanne n rpexcroponnem oronope mexy CBA, no-
nne n Ancrpanne no corpynnuecrny n c]epe HPO, nonncanntmn n 2007 r.
31

B nacroxmee npemx CBA npoonxamr nycroponnne xoncyntrannn c
Ancrpanne no nontm nosmoxnocrxm n nnanam amepnxancxo HPO, nane-

26
CBA n Ancrpannx oronopnnnct o corpynnuecrne n cosannn cncremt HPO / Mocx.
]on nn]opm. rexnonorn. 2004. 8 nmnx <http://www.mfit.ru/defensive/obzor/ob09-07-04-1.html>.
27
Ancrpannx sanpocnna y Bamnnrrona xomnonenrt npornnopaxerno oopont. Lenta.ru.
13.05.2008. <http://www.lenta.ru/news/2008/05/13/aegis/>.
28
Ancrpannx npncoennnnact x amepnxancxo nporpamme npornnopaxerno oopont. Army.
lv. 19.07.2004. <http://www.army.lv/? s=405&id=589>.
29
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense

30
Ancrpannx npncoennnnact x amepnxancxo nporpamme npornnopaxerno oopont.
Army.lv. 19.07.2004. <http://www.army.lv/? s=405&id=589>.
31
Treaty Between The Government of The United States of America and the Government of
Australia Concerning Defense Trade Cooperation, 5 Sep. 2007 <http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/
othr/misc/101756.htm>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 630
nennte na pacmnpenne neoxonmo nx npnnxrnx pemenn no antneme-
my corpynnuecrny nn]opmannn.
Hcropnx corpynnuecrna Taeau n CBA n c]epe ooponnrentntx noo-
pyxenn eper cnoe nauano c 1970-x roon
32
.
Knracxne paxernte ncntrannx n 1995 n 1996 rr. n paone Tanantcxo-
ro nponnna ynennunnn nonnrnuecxym noepxxy na Tanane n nontsy HPO.
Cpasy nocne nponeenntx ncntrann tna ycxopena ocranxa panee saxyn-
nenntx cncrem PAC-2, a n nauane 1999 r. Tanant ntpasnn sannrepeconan-
nocrt n noxynxe y CBA 3PK PAC-3 n +cmnnnenc Aegis
33
.
Bnepnte Tanant ntpasnn sannrepeconannocrt n saxynxe PAC-3 n
2001 r. uopmantno cornamaxct na yonnernopenne npoctt Ta+x, Bamnnr-
ron na nporxxennn cemn ner tn ntnyxen sarxrnnart saxnmuenne cenxn,
xoropax morna t ceptesno ocnoxnnrt ornomennx CBA co crpemxmnmcx
nepnyrt ocrpon Tanant no cnom mpncnxnnm Knraem
34
(no saxony CBA o
ornomennxx c Tananem 1979 r. Coennennte Brart moryr npoanart rya
rontxo ooponnrentnte nnt noopyxenn). B xonne 2008 r. MO CBA yr-
nepnno naxer npoaxn opyxnx n noenno rexnnxn Tananm na omym cym-
my 6.5 mnp onn.
35
3ro pemenne npnnnmanoct no pesyntraram panee cocro-
xnmnxcx n Bamnnrrone neperonopon c rnano ranantcxoro noennoro
neomcrna uent uaomnnem. Cenxa xacanact 3PK PAC-3, 12 HY annoro 3PK
n 330 paxer x nemy
36
. Hepnte opasnt noopyxenn ocrannent na ocrpon-
nym reppnropnm n cepenne 2009 r.
37

3PK PAC-3 cnocoen necrn oront ne rontxo no a+ponnamnuecxnm ne-
nxm, no n no rononntm uacrxm paxer na naccnnno rpaexropnn nx nonera (na
+rane naennx). Yunrtnax ero conpemennoe rexnnuecxoe ocnamenne, ero PHC
nnonne cnocona onpeenxrt nycxn annncrnuecxnx n pyrnx paxer ne ront-
xo c reppnropnn KHP, no n cocenero KHP. Taxnm opasom, pasneprtnanne
na reppnropnn ocrpona +rnx 3PK xnaccn]nnnpyercx o]nnnantntm Hexnnom
n xauecrne onoro ns nontx +nemenron amepnxancxo HPO n pernone
38
.
Pemenne cosart cncremy HPO na Tanane, xoropax n nacroxmee npemx
nxnmuaer nasemnym n mopcxym cocrannxmmne (paapt, 3PK Patriot n +c-
mnnnt xnacca Arleigh Burke c cncremo Aegis
39
), Fent om oxcnxer nann-
unem y KHP paxerno-xepnoro opyxnx n yrposo ero npnmenennx npornn
crpan comsnnxon CBA n pernone Rro-Bocrouno Asnn. Onaxo +ra cenxa

32
Heemroe, H. A. Hcropnx CBA. Tanantcxax nponema no nnemne nonnrnxe CBA n
1990-e rot <http://amstd.spb.ru/Library/Dis/dis_3.htm>.
33
Po+auruua, H. H. Hporpamma pasnnrnx +nemenron nepeonoro asnponannx HPO CBA:
rexnonornuecxne acnexrt n nosmoxnoe pearnponanne // Hnexc Fesonacnocrn X 1 (88). T. 15.
HHP-Henrp, 2009 <http://pircenter.org/data/publications/sirus1-09/Mephi.pdf>.
34
Boenno-rexnnuecxoe corpynnuecrno Tananx n CBA / Mocx. ]on nn]opm. rexnono-
rn. 2004. 18 nmnx. <http://www.mfit.ru/defensive/obzor/ob18-06-04-4.html>.
35
CBA cosayr anrnxnracxym HPO na Tanane // Poc. mnpornopen. 2008. 10 nmnx.
<http://www.peacekeeper.ru/ru/index.php? mid=7583>.
36
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense
37
CBA cosayr anrnxnracxym HPO na Tanane.
38
Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Patriot System Performance. U. S. Department
of Defense. Jan. 2005 <http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/2005-01-Patriot_Report_Summary.pdf>.
39
Kan, Sh.Taiwan: Major U. S. Arms Sales since 1990. CRS Report for Congress, 25
Sep. 2008.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 631
ntsnana paspaxenne n Knrae, re ee oxapaxrepnsonann xax ]axr, ceptesno
orpannxmmn nycroponnne ornomennx c CBA
40
.
CBA neyr mnorocroponnne ncxyccnn no pasneprtnannm cncrem HPO
c necxontxnmn naprnepamn n pernone: Pas yx mt neem nycroponnne nepe-
ronopt no +ro reme, ro ononnnrentno nentm moxno cunrart pacnpocrpa-
nenne npannno nn]opmannn no HPO n mnorocroponnem ]opmare c nentm
nomout xaxo crpane nontcnrt cocrnennte nosmoxnocrn
41
.

Bnnanenoc1ounmn pernon (Hspannt)

Paort na cncremamn HPO Hspau.i nauan n 1986 r. c ycnnennem yrpo-
st pacnpocrpanennx paxerntx rexnonorn n pernone. pyrnmn npnunnamn
pasnnrnx npornnopaxerntx noopyxenn Hspannx nocnyxnnn xepnax npo-
rpamma Hpana n neonoxparnte yrpost, ncxoxmne or pyxonocrna HPH.
Yunrtnax orcyrcrnne ontra npoexrnponannx n nocrpoxn cncrem HPO, Hs-
pannt nponen neperonopt n oronopnncx c CBA o conmecrno paspaorxe n
]nnancnponannn nspanntcxo cncremt HPO. Ha ocnonannn Memopanyma o
nsanmononnmannn, nonncannoro Coennenntmn Braramn n Hspannem yxe
n 1988 r., cnennanncrt amepnxancxo xopnopannn Lockheed Martin n nspa-
nntcxo ]npmt Israeli Aircraft Industries (IAI) npncrynnnn x cosannm npo-
rnnopaxernoro xomnnexca Arrow (Cmpe.a)
42
, npecrannxmmero coo xon-
nenrpnponannym ooponnym cncremy, noxoxmym nx crpant xomnaxrntx
reorpa]nuecxnx pasmepon.
Hepnt ncntrarentnt sanycx HP cncremt tn ocymecrnnen 9 anrycra
1990 r.
43
Komnnexc tn npnnxr na noopyxenne apmne oopont Hspannx c
nasnannem Xe n 2000 r. n npenasnauen nx nopaxennx raxrnuecxnx n one-
parnnno-raxrnuecxnx paxer na antnocrxx o 100 xm n ntcorax o 50 xm,
cnocoen nepexnartnart paxert, sanymennte c paccroxnnx o 3000 xm n
nmemmne nonernym cxopocrt o 4.5 xm/c
44
.
5 xnnapx 2003 r. na nspanntcxom ncntrarentnom paxernom nonnrone
BBC Hspannx na annaase Ha.+a:u+ n nycrtne Heren tno nponeeno ecx-
roe nonnronnoe ncntranne opyxenoro xomnnexca Arrow-II. Ononpemenno
+ro tno nxroe nonnomacmranoe ncntranne ncero xomnnexca Arrow-II no
ASIP conmecrno nporpamme CBA n Hspannx no conepmencrnonannm npo-
rnnopaxert Arrow
45
.
Ho nexoroptm anntm, xomnannx IAI npn noepxxe Elta Group paspa-
artnaer no saxasy MO Hspannx nonym mon]nxannm 3PK Arrow Arrow Mk
IV c yconepmencrnonanntm paapom Green Pine I, xoropt cnocoen ]nxcn-
ponart sanycxn paxer na paccroxnnn o 700 xm, yconepmencrnonanno paxe-

40
CBA cosayr anrnxnracxym HPO na Tanane.
41
Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Department of Defense of the United States of
America. Feb. 2010.
42
Arrow <http://www.israeliweapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/surface_missiles/arrow/
Arrow.html>.
43
Mcuuroe B. Ha npornnopaxernt mnr ener ne xanemr // Hesanncnmoe noennoe oo-
spenne. 31.05.2004 <http://nuclearno.ru/text.asp?8424>.
44
Po+auruua H. H. Yxas.cou.
45
Martin S. Israel Plans New Arrow Mark 4. Space war, <http://www.spacewar.com/
reports/Israel_Plans_New_Arrow_Mark_4.html>.

CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 632
ro-nepexnarunxom n pyrnmn xomnonenramn, nosnonxmmnmn pacmnpnrt na
ase 3PK Arrow nannonantnym cncremy HPO. Komnnexc Arrow Mk IV onxen
nontcnrt samnmennocrt Hspannx or nosmoxnoro paxernoro yapa, npexe
ncero co cropont Hpana
46
.
B cenrxpe 2008 r. CBA pasmecrnnn na reppnropnn Hspannx nepennx-
no paap nepeonoro asnponannx (FBX-T) AN/TPY-2 nx onapyxennx n
orcnexnnannx FP cpasy nocne nycxa, xoropt tn cmonrnponan n npemenno
ycranonnen na ase nspanntcxnx BBC Nevatim n nycrtne Heren, a n ant-
nemem nepenesen na mecro nocroxnno ncnoxannn. AN/TPY-2 nepeaer
annte na xomannt nynxr nspanntcxnx 3PK Arrow. nx ocnyxnnannx pa-
apa n Hspannt npntnn 120 amepnxancxnx noennocnyxamnx, nxoxmnx n
nounnenne enponecxoro xomanonannx BC CBA (EUCOM)
47
.
Hocroxnnax yrposa or sanycxon paxer mentme antnocrn na reppnro-
pnm Hspannx npnnena x pasneprtnannm nyx cncrem samnrt or annoro rnna
yrpos. Hepnt, nastnaemt e.esui ryno. (Iron Dome), xnnxercx nepe-
xnarunxom na nopaxenne, a nropo, nastnaemt Hem. aeuoa (Davids
Sling), npornnomnnomernax nasepnax nporpamma. e.esui ryno. cocronr
ns cepnn crpentontx ennnn paxer-nepexnarunxon n cnxsanntx c nnmn pa-
apon n npenasnauen nx samnrt nspanntcxnx nacenenntx nynxron.
exrentnocrt Hspannx n cosannn nannonantno cncremt HP cnxsana
raxxe c nonnmannem neoxonmocrn samnrt or rpancrpannuntx reppopn-
crnuecxnx nanaenn, nosmoxno, c npnmenennem OMY, a raxxe paxer c
otuntmn n, nepoxrno, xepntmn oerononxamn. Hspanntcxn noxo x
oopone nxnmuaer n cex samnry xax or ropnsonrantntx (nasemntx), rax n
neprnxantntx (uepes nosymnoe npocrpancrno) yrpos.
Cnecrnnem pasnnrnx cncrem HPO xnnxercx nontmenne ooponocno-
conocrn n pasnnrne noenno-rexnnuecxoro norennnana crpant, onaxo +ro
moxer cnpononnponart pernonantnym ronxy noopyxenn.
B nocnenne rot mecrt rocyapcrn unenon Conera corpynnuecrna
apacxnx rocyapcrn Hepcncxoro 3annna nauann nsyuart nosmoxnocrn nn-
nnnyantno n xonnexrnnno HPO n xauecrne cpecrna samnrt or pacryme-
ro norennnana npancxnx FP. 3ro cnococrnonano onee recnomy corpynnue-
crny c Coennenntmn Braramn co cropont pxa crpan Hepcncxoro 3annna,
ocoenno Cayooecro Apaeuu, Kyeema, Kamapa u Ooeouueuuix Apaocrux
J+upamoe. Tax, n exape 2007 r. npannrentcrno CBA yneomnno Konrpecc
o nosmoxno npoaxe +nemenron HPO n Kyner n OA3. OA3 sannrepeconant
n 288 PAC-3, 216 ynpannxemtx paxerax GEM-T, 9 oentx 3PK Patriot n coor-
nercrnymmem oopyonannn. Kyner sanpamnnan 80 PAC-3, mon]nxannn
paxert GEM-T nx ononnennx noxon PAC-2 n pyrne cncremt na omym
cymmy 1.4 mnp onn.
48

Cayoncxax Apannx nonncana na xonrpaxra c Raytheon Company na
omym cymmy onee 100 mnn onn. nx npnoperennx 3PC n pyrnx paor,
nxnmuax npo]eccnonantnym nororonxy n marepnantno-rexnnuecxym no-
epxxy nx cncrem Patriot n cncrem HBO HAWK
49
.

46
Ibid.
47
Missile Defense Systems, Israel <http://www.missilethreat.com/>.

48
Independent Working Group on Missile Defense
49
Defense Daily, Raytheon Gains $100 Million in Patriot, Hawk Contracts from Saudi Arabia,
5 Oct. 2007.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 633
* * *
Hpecrannennt ananns cnnerentcrnyer o recno nsanmocnxsn pacnpo-
crpanennx paxer n paxerntx rexnonorn n pasnnrnx pernonantntx n rno-
antntx cncrem HPO. Knmuenym pont n nocnenem nponecce nrpamr CBA:
nno xax anrop cosannx cncremt HPO n ncrounnx paspaorox (nonnx,
Rxnax Kopex, Tanant, Ancrpannx), nno xax npxmo yuacrnnx conmecrntx
nccneonann n nnepennx (Hspannt), nno xax npnmep nx nopaxannx n
norennnantnt noenno-rexnnuecxn naprnep (Hnnx).
B +rom xonrexcre xorenoct t ormernrt, uro rpynocrn n neperonopax
Poccnn c CBA o nsanmoecrnnn n onacrn HPO no mnorom sanncxr or no-
xoon x onenxe crparernuecxo cranntnocrn na conpemennom +rane. Oue-
pentm oxasarentcrnom +roro crann nrorn mexynapono xon]epennnn no
HPO, xoropax npononnact n Mocxne necno 2012 r. no nnnnnarnne MO Poc-
cncxo ueepannn n xnnnact ecnpeneenrntm cotrnem n noenno-nonnrn-
uecxnx ornomennxx nyx crpan. Ony ns npnunn nannunx xnmuentx nepe-
menntx nonpocon, nepoxrno, cocrannna nmenno pasnnna n pesyntrarax onen-
xn yponnx crparernuecxo cranntnocrn n xonrexcre peannsannn nnanon
Coennenntx Braron no HPO. Ho mnennm noenno-nonnrnuecxoro pyxono-
crna Pu, +ror yponent ntxonr sa pamxn neoxonmoro n ocrarounoro, o-
naxo, no ynepennxm npecrannrene amnnncrpannn CBA, ocraercx n +rnx
pamxax. nx onee +]]exrnnnoro pemennx nponem corpynnuecrna Pu
CBA n npornnopaxerno c]epe npecrannxercx nenecoopasntm yxe n nnx-
necpouno nepcnexrnne axrnnnsnponart nponecc ntpaorxn omnx noxoon
x onenxe yponnx crparernuecxo cranntnocrn na conpemennom +rane pasnn-
rnx noenno-nonnrnuecxnx mexynapontx ornomenn.
Onaxo yxe ceuac ananns pernonantntx cncrem HPO CBA nosnonxer
cenart ntno o rom, uro n nacroxmee npemx Coennennte Brart yenxmr
ocooe nnnmanne pernonantntm cocrannxmmnm crparernuecxo cranntno-
crn. H nmenno raxo cncremnt noxo ncnontsyercx npn nnannponannn
cosannx n pasmemennx +nemenron HPO, cnocono samnmart reppnropnm
CBA or nmtx paxerntx yrpos, orxya t onn nn ncxonnn.
Hecmorpx na ro uro axe peannsannx n nonnom oeme ncex pasnnnam-
mnxcx pernonantntx nporpamm HPO ne nosnonnr cosart +]]exrnnnym oo-
pony reppnropnn or maccnponannoro paxernoro yapa (ocoenno or yapa pa-
xer co cpecrnamn npeoonennx HPO), yxe ceronx nnant no pasneprtnannm
mnpoxomacmrano cncremt HPO paoramr n nnrepecax CBA.
Bo-nepntx, npn nnannponannn pernonantntx cncrem HPO crannrcx ax-
ryantnax n maxcnmantno ocrnxnmax na rexymem +rane nent cosannx co-
npemenntx cpecrn +menonnponanno samnrt or orpannuennoro yapa paxer
c nonntm xomnnexcom cpecrn npeoonennx HPO c yuacrnem nepexnarunxon
cnoxntx annncrnuecxnx nene na paxeroonacntx nx CBA nanpannennxx.
B pamxax ocrnxennx +ro nenn pemaercx saaua ynnuroxennx FP na
snaunrentnom paccroxnnn or ooponxemoro oexra (ropoa, noenno nnn
+xonomnuecxo cocrannxmme rocyapcrnenno nn]pacrpyxrypt n np. na
reppnropnn CBA). Taxnm opasom, pacnonoxenne uacre npornnopaxernoro
xomnnexca n pyrnx rocyapcrnax, pacnonoxenntx sauacrym sa rtcxun xnno-
merpon or Coennenntx Braron, nosnonxer maxcnmantno oesonacnrt CBA
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 634
or ncex nosmoxntx nocnecrnn ynnuroxennx FP (n rom uncne c xepntmn
oerononxamn). B cnyuae xe peannsannn nnanon CBA no nosmoxnocrn ynnu-
roxennx FP na nmom orpesxe ee rpaexropnn nanonee +]]exrnnntm npe-
crannxercx napnanr ynnuroxennx paxert na nauantnom +rane nonera na rep-
pnropne roro rocyapcrna, c xoroporo ona tna sanymena. Hpn +rom n
nmom cnyuae cnnxaercx yponent cnoxnocrn nanmennx sa FP nx pano-
noxaropa (saaua cenexnnn), pacnonoxennoro na onee nnsxnx antnocrxx
onapyxennx, uro n cnom ouepet coxpamaer omn nepno npemenn nx sa-
nycxa npornnopaxert n nenxx cnepxrounoro nonaannx n nent.
Bo-nroptx, pasmemenne nn]opmannonntx xomnonenron paxerno-xocmn-
uecxo oopont (cncrem npeynpexennx o paxernom nanaennn cncrem
xonrponx xocmnuecxoro npocrpancrna) na reppnropnn rocyapcrn, pacnono-
xenntx n ontmnncrne pernonon mnpa, nosnonxer pemart npnopnrernym sa-
auy nonyuennx maxcnmantno nn]opmannn o rexymem cocroxnnn paxerno-
xocmnuecxo ocranonxn n ee nsmenennxx (n rom uncne n xoe nosmoxnoro
noennoro xon]nnxra).
B-rpertnx, nomnmo noenntx Bamnnrron yxe ceronx ocrarouno yc-
nemno pemaer naxnemne nonnrnuecxne saaun, nanpxmym nnn xocnenno
cnxsannte c HPO xax c ncxnmunrentno nnrencnnno pasnnnammecx ona-
crtm cosannx conpemenntx crparernuecxnx cncrem noopyxennx. Hpn +rom
npnnaramrcx axrnnnte ycnnnx no pacmnpennm nnnxnnx Coennenntx Bra-
ron, n rom uncne nyrem ynennuennx macmraon pasnocroponnero mexyna-
ponoro corpynnuecrna, npnuem ne rontxo c nx rpannnonntmn comsnnxa-
mn n naprnepamn, no n c pyrnmn rocyapcrnamn.
H, naxonen, n-uerneprtx, npoaxa +nemenron cncremt amepnxancxo
HPO, ocnonanntx na nonemnx nayuno-rexnnuecxnx paspaorxax, rocyap-
crnam-comsnnxam n naprnepam CBA orneuaer +xonomnuecxnm nnrepecam
Coennenntx Braron.
Poccncxax ueepannx nmeer n pasnnnaer (n xonrexcre BKO) cnon co-
crnennte nesanncnmte nporpammt HPO. Hornuno npenonoxnrt, uro Poccnx
raxxe yer n ro nnn nno mepe corpynnuart c comsnnxamn no OKF (xax
n c]epe HBO
50
) n BOC.
Hpn +rom pont HPO CBA n BKO Poccnn yer ycnnnnartcx n xonrexcre
nx crparernuecxnx ornomenn c KHP, xorx Knra n npnnnnne cnocoen ne-
rpannsonart oopony nyrem ]opcnponannoro napamnnannx cnoero paxerno-
xepnoro opyxnx. Onaxo no nenomy pxy npnunn npnnneuenne KHP x co-
rpynnuecrny c Pu n c]epe HPO, yxpennennm PKPT n onenxe yponne crpa-
rernuecxo n pernonantno cranntnocrn moxer orneuart nnrepecam eso-
nacnocrn Poccnn n ycnnnrt cncremy rnoantntx pexnmon pasopyxennx n
nepacnpocrpanennx.

50
B 2010 r. na noopyxenne Asepaxana, a n 2012 r. na noopyxenne Fenopyccnn no-
crynnnn saxynnennte y Poccnn nonte sennrno-paxernte cncremt (3PC) C-300 HMY 2 ua-
nopnr antnero ecrnnx (rnyoxax moepnnsannx C-300 HMY 1, opnenrnponannax na +xc-
noprnte nocranxn), npenasnauennte nx sonantno oopont naxntx oexron noenno-ro-
cyapcrnennoro snauennx n rpynnnponox nocx or yapon ncex rnnon conpemenntx CBH nem n
noutm n nmtx norono-xnnmarnuecxnx n ]nsnxo-reorpa]nuecxnx ycnonnxx npn nnrencnn-
nom pano+nexrponnom npornnoecrnnn npornnnnxa.


















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Tannna 2. 3neuen1m cnc1eum HBOHPO
Hasnanne
Iocyapc1na-
nap1nepm
C1a1yc
Aecmpauua
HPC Project DUNDEE CBA Ha noopyxennn
Foenax n nn]opmannonno-pasnetnarentnax cncrema 3rna (Aegis) mopcxoro asnponannx
(Aegis Ship-Based BMD)
CBA B paspaorxe
Paap rnna Jindalee Ha noopyxennn
Asepaxau
3PC C-300 (S-300P (SA-10 Grumble/SA-20 Gargoyle)) nasemnoro asnponannx Pu Ha noopyxennn
Beuapyco
3PC C-300 (S-300P (SA-10 Grumble/SA-20 Gargoyle)) nasemnoro asnponannx Pu Ha noopyxennn
Beuuropumauua
3YP nasemnoro asnponannx Aster 30 n cocrane 3PK PAAMS(S) upannnx Ha noopyxennn
Paap pannero npeynpexennx nasemnoro asnponannx Fylingdales Early Warning Radar (FEWR) CBA Ha noopyxennn
PHC c yconepmencrnonanntm paapom AN/FPS-126 (mo. PHC AN/FPS-123) cncremt pannero
npeynpexennx Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR) nasemnoro asnponannx
CBA Ha noopyxennn
Iep+auua
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) CBA, Hrannx B paspaorxe
3HPK 3pnnxon (Oerlicon) Ha noopyxennn
3PK Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
3PK PAAMS(S) Ha noopyxennn
Ipeuua
3PK Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn



6
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O

Hpoonxenne rannnt 1
Hasnanne
Iocyapc1na-
nap1nepm
C1a1yc
auua (o. Ipeuuauua)
PHC c yconepmencrnonanntm paapom AN/FPS-120 (mo. PHC AN/FPS-123) cncremt pannero
npeynpexennx UEWR nasemnoro asnponannx n r. Tyne
CBA Ha noopyxennn
Hspauuo
HPK Arrow-2 ("Crpena") nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
HPK Arrow-3 ("Crpena") nasemnoro asnponannx CBA B paspaorxe
Taxrnuecxn ntcoxo+neprernuecxn nasep THEL (Tactical High Energy Laser) nasemnoro
asnponannx
CBA Ha noopyxennn
Mnoromoont paap Mini Raz Multimode Radar (MMR) (EL/M-2084) nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
Mnoromoont paap Raz Multimode Radar (MMR) (EL/M-2084) nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
Hepennxno paap nepeonoro asnponannx (FBX-T) Army Navy/Transportable Radar
Surveillance (AN/TPY-2)
CBA Ha noopyxennn
Cncrema Hernx anna (Davids Sling) (Stunner/Magic Wand) nasemnoro asnponannx CBA B paspaorxe
Cncrema enesnt xynon (Iron Dome) nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
3PK Patriot PAC-3 nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx Homing All the Way Killer (HAWK) CBA Ha noopyxennn
Huua
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) B paspaorxe
Hpau
3PC nasemnoro asnponannx Bavar-373 B paspaorxe
Hcnauua
3PK Patriot PAC-3 nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn


















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Cncrema Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx CBA B paspaorxe
Hmauua
3YP nasemnoro asnponannx Aster 30 upannnx Ha noopyxennn
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx MEADS CBA, Iepmannx B paspaorxe
3PK SAMP/T Ha noopyxennn
Kamap
HPK nasemnoro asnponannx (repmnnantnt ntcornt nepexnarunx) Terminal High Altitude
Area Defense (THAAD)
CBA Ha noopyxennn
KHP
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx FT-2000 Ha noopyxennn
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx FT-2000A He nsnecren
HP nasemnoro asnponannx Hongqi-2 (HQ-2) Pu Ha noopyxennn
3PC nasemnoro n mopcxoro asnponannx Hongqi-9 (HQ-9) Ha noopyxennn
3PC nasemnoro asnponannx Hongqi-10 (HQ-10) Pu Ha noopyxennn
3PC nasemnoro asnponannx Hongqi-15 (HQ-15) Ha noopyxennn
3PC C-300 nasemnoro asnponannx (S-300P (SA-10 Grumble/SA-20 Gargoyle)) Pu Ha noopyxennn
Kyeem
3PK Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
Huepuaum
3PK Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
PHC M3R Ha noopyxennn
Hopeeeua
PHC AN/FPS-129 CBA Ha noopyxennn
Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn




6
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Hpoonxenne rannnt 2
Hasnanne
Iocyapc1na-
nap1nepm
C1a1yc
OA3
3PHK "Hannnpt-C1" (SA-20 Gargoyle) nasemnoro asnponannx Pu He nsnecren
HPK Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
HPK nasemnoro asnponannx THAAD CBA Ha noopyxennn
Pecnyuura Kopea
3PK Patriot PAC-3 nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx CBA B paspaorxe
Poccucraa 0eepauua
Cncrema HPO A-35 (System A-35) Ha noopyxennn
Cncrema HPO A-135 (System A-135) Ha noopyxennn
HP 53T6 Amyp (Gazelle (SH-08/ABM-3)) Ha noopyxennn
HP 51T6 Ason (Gorgon (SH-11/ABM-4)) He nsnecren
3PK C-25 (S-25 (SA-1 Guild)) Ha noopyxennn
3PK C-75 (S-75 (SA-2 Guideline)) Ha noopyxennn
3PC C-125 (S-125 (SA-3 Goa)) Ha noopyxennn
3PC C-300 (S-300P (SA-10 Grumble/SA-20 Gargoyle)) nasemnoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn
3PC C-300 (S-300V (SA-12A Gladiator, SA-12B Giant)) nasemnoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn
Mnoro]ynxnnonantnt 3PK C-400 Tpnym] nasemnoro asnponannx (S-400 (SA-20 Triumf)) Ha noopyxennn
3PC C-500 (S-500) nasemnoro asnponannx B paspaorxe


















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Cuueanyp
3YP nasemnoro asnponannx Aster 30 upannnx Ha noopyxennn
Cupua
3PC C-300 (S-300P (SA-10 Grumble/SA-20 Gargoyle)) nasemnoro asnponannx Pu Ha noopyxennn
CHA
Hpornnopaxernt nasep nosymnoro asnponannx (Airborne Laser (ABL)) B paspaorxe
Hn]paxpacnte cpecrna nosymnoro asnponannx nx onapyxennx n conponoxennx FH
no nporpamme AirBorne InfraRed (ABIR)
B paspaorxe
Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx (Aegis Ship-Based BMD) Ha noopyxennn
Hepennxno paap nasemnoro asnponannx Army Navy/Transportable Radar
Surveillance (AN/TPY-2)
Ha noopyxennn
Paap mopcxoro asnponannx Army/Navy SPY-1 Radar Ha noopyxennn
Fecnnnornt HA High Altitude Airship ((HAA) Blimp)
Hpenonoxnrentno
na noopyxennn
HPC xocmnuecxoro asnponannx Brilliant Pebbles Cnxr c noopyxennx
HPC nepexnara FP na nauantnom (axrnnnom) yuacrxe rpaexropnn nonera Boost Phase
Interceptor (BPI)
Ha noopyxennn
PHC CHPH na ocnone ]asnponanntx anrenntx pemerox Cobra Dane Radar (AN/FPS-108)
nasemnoro asnponannx
Ha noopyxennn
Cnyrnnxn na reocnnxponntx opnrax Defense Support Program (DSP) CHPH xocmnuecxoro
asnponannx Satellite Early Warning System (SEWS)
Ha noopyxennn
HP nasemnoro asnponannx c nnearmoc]epno xnnernuecxo oeno uacrtm Exoatmospheric Kill
Vehicle (EKV)
Ha noopyxennn
Hepennxnax PHC nepeonoro asnponannx Forward-Based X-Band Radar-Transportable (FBX-T) Ha noopyxennn
Paap cncremt pannero npeynpexennx nasemnoro asnponannx Fylingdales Early Warning Radar
(FEWR)
Bennxopnrannx Ha noopyxennn



6
4
0






















C
H
E
H
H
A
H
B
H
O
E

H
P
H
H
O

E
H
H
E

H
M
J
M
O

Hpoonxenne rannnt 2
Hasnanne
Iocyapc1na-
nap1nepm
C1a1yc
3aarmoc]epnax HP Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) Ha noopyxennn
Crparernuecxax cncrema nepexnara MFP na nnearmoc]epnom yuacrxe nyrn Ground-Based
Midcourse Defense (GMD) nasemnoro asnponannx
Ha noopyxennn
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx Homing All the Way Killer (HAWK) Ha noopyxennn
Oennennax a+pocrarnax PHC Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor
System (JLENS) nosymnoro asnponannx nx samnr or KP
B paspaorxe
HP nasemnoro asnponannx Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) Cnxra c noopyxennx
Kodiak Launch Complex
HPC nasemnoro asnponannx pacmnpennax cncrema HBO cpene antnocrn Medium Extended
Air Defense System (MEADS)
Iepmannx,
Hrannx
B paspaorxe
Cnyrnnx nx copa anntx ntcoxoro paspemennx n nn]paxpacnom nanasone na axrnnnom
yuacrxe rpaexropnn Near Field Infrared Experiment (NFIRE) xocmnuecxoro asnponannx
Ha noopyxennn
HP (+xsoarmoc]epnt nepexnarunx) c xepno Fu Nike-X nasemnoro asnponannx Cnxra c noopyxennx
HP c xepno Fu Nike-Zeus nasemnoro asnponannx Cnxra c noopyxennx
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx Patriot Advanced Capabilities -2 (PAC-2) Ha noopyxennn
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx Patriot Advanced Capabilities -3 (PAC-3) Ha noopyxennn
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx Patriot nasemnoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn
HPC Project DUNDEE Ancrpannx
Kocmnuecxax cncrema rounoro conponoxennx FH Precision Tracking Space System (PTSS) B paspaorxe
Hcntrarentnt nonnron nmenn Ponanta Perana (Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense
Test Site (RTS))
Mapmannont
Ocrpona
Ha noopyxennn
HP Safeguard (Spartan, Spirit) nasemnoro asnponannx Cnxra c noopyxennx
Space-Based Infrared System-High (SBIRS-High) xocmnuecxoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn


















A
H
A
H
H
T
H
H
E
C
K
H
E

C
T
A
T
B
H
,

H
P
O
I
H
O
3
B
,

H
C
K
V
C
C
H
H








6
4
1

Hasep xocmnuecxoro asnponannx Space-Based Laser (SBL) Ha noopyxennn
PHC mopcxoro asnponannx Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX) Ha noopyxennn
HP nnxnero nepexnara Sentinel (Spartan, Spirit) nasemnoro asnponannx Cnxra c noopyxennx
Cncrema pasnexn n cnexennx xocmnuecxoro asnponannx Space Tracking and Surveillance
System (STSS)
Ha noopyxennn
HP Standard Missile 2 (SM-2) mopcxoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn
HPK nasemnoro asnponannx (repmnnantnt ntcornt nepexnarunx) Terminal High Altitude
Area Defense (THAAD)
Ha noopyxennn
Taxrnuecxn ntcoxo+neprernuecxn nasep nasemnoro asnponannx Tactical High Energy
Laser (THEL)
Hspannt Ha noopyxennn
PHC c yconepmencrnonanntm paapom cncremt pannero npeynpexennx Upgraded Early
Warning Radar (UEWR) nasemnoro asnponannx n r. Tyne
annx,
o. Ipennannx
Ha noopyxennn
PHC c yconepmencrnonanntm paapom cncremt pannero npeynpexennx Upgraded Early
Warning Radar (UEWR) nasemnoro asnponannx
Ha noopyxennn
PHC mopcxoro asnponannx XTR-1 B paspaorxe
PHC mopcxoro asnponannx Cobra Judy-2 B paspaorxe
1aeauo
3PK nasemnoro asnponannx HAWK CBA Ha noopyxennn
3PK Patriot PAC-3 nasemnoro asnponannx CBA Ha noopyxennn
Tien Kung (Sky Bow) nasemnoro asnponannx Ha noopyxennn
Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx CBA B paspaorxe
1ypuua
Hepennxno paap nasemnoro asnponannx AN/TPY-2 Ha noopyxennn
0pauuua
3YP nasemnoro asnponannx Aster 30 n cocrane 3PK PAAMS(S) Ha noopyxennn
3PK SAMP/T Ha noopyxennn



6
4
2






















C
H
E
H
H
A
H
B
H
O
E

H
P
H
H
O

E
H
H
E

H
M
J
M
O

Oxonuanne rannnt 2
Hasnanne
Iocyapc1na-
nap1nepm
C1a1yc
Rnouua
Cncrema HPO nonnn: Aegis mopcxoro asnponannx; 3PK PAC-3 nasemnoro asnponannx;
monntnax PHC Mobile X-Band Radar; paap mopcxoro asnponannx Army/Navy SPY-1 Radar;
PHC FPS-XX.
CBA Ha noopyxennn
Hpu+e:auu: FH oenax nent; 3HPK sennrnt nymeuno-paxernt xomnnexc; 3PK sennrnt paxernt xomnnexc; 3PC sennrnax
paxernax cncrema; 3YP sennrnax ynpannxemax paxera; HP npornnopaxera; HPC npornnopaxernax cncrema; PHC panonoxannonnax
crannnx; CHPH cncrema npeynpexennx o paxernom nanaennn.
Cocrannena no: Independent Working Group on Missile Defense, the Space Relationship,& the Twenty-First Century, 2009 Report, The
Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. <https://www.claremont.org/>; Defense Systems. Missile Threat, A Project of the George C. Marshall
and Claremont Institutes <http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/>; Marepnant caron Boennte nonocrn. Osop noenno-nonnrnuecxo o-
cranonxn n mnpe <http://dokwar.ru/>, Hn]opmannonno-nonocrnax cncrema. Paxernax rexnnxa <http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/> n p.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 643
3. POHI EPHOIO OPYH B RHOH A3HH: HOHHTHKA,
TEXHOHOIHH, OKTPHHI


Herp TOHIuKAHOB

Bonpoc o ponn xepnoro opyxnx (O) n Rxno Asnn ne nmeer ono-
snaunoro ornera. Ono ns npnunn +roro xnnxercx orcyrcrnne o]nnnantno
yrnepxenntx xepntx oxrpnn n Hnnn n Haxncrane. pyro moxer trt
nnamnunoe pasnnrne noenntx xepntx nporpamm nyx crpan, conponox-
ammeecx ocnoennem nontx rexnonorn n xepno, paxerno n pyrnx o-
nacrxx. Bosnnxamr n nonte npnunnt, nnnxmmne na rpanc]opmannm ponn
O, nxnmuax paspaorxy nontx cncrem n onacrn otuntx noopyxenn.
Onpeenenne xax npornnopeun n conpemenno ponn xepnoro opyxnx Hn-
nn n Haxncrana, rax n nepcnexrnn ee rpanc]opmannn xnnxercx nayuno-npax-
rnuecxo saaue, xoropax ne norepxer axryantnocrt n oospnmom yymem.


Honn1nuecxne npnunnm nepnoro nmopa manoasna1cxnx conepnnxon

Hnnn crana rocyapcrnom, nepntm nepecrynnnmnm xepnt nopor n
Rxno Asnn. B 1974 r. ona ocymecrnnna rax nastnaemt mnpnt xep-
nt nsptn na nonnrone Hoxxapan (mrar Paxacran). Onaxo nacroxme sa-
xnxo na ncrynnenne n xny xepntx epxan crann ncntrannx 11 max 1998 r.,
no npemx xoroptx tnn nsopnant rpn xepntx ycrpocrna (momnocrtm co-
ornercrnenno n 45, 15 n menee 1 xr). 13 max tnn ncntrant eme na sapxa
momnocrtm menee 1 xr.
Hocne nponeennx xepntx ncntrann Aran Fnxapn Baxnan, npemtep-
mnnncrp Hnnn (19982004 rr.), oocnonan neoxonmocrt npnoperennx
Hnne xepnoro opyxnx yrposo co cropont cocee: Knrax, o]nnnant-
no xepno epxant y namnx rpannn, conepmnnme axr noopyxenno ar-
peccnn n 1962 r., n Haxncrana, cxptroro xepnoro rocyapcrna, rpnxt
nanaanmero na Hnnm n npoonxammero noepxxy reppopnsma n Kammn-
pe
51
. Onaxo n +rnx nnctmax, x xoroptm nexoropte nnncxne nccneonarenn
ornocxrcx xpane xpnrnuecxn, yrpost co cropont Knrax n Haxncrana ne
xonxpernsnponant
52
.
Eme onee pacnntnuaro nposnyuano oxcnenne neoxonmocrn npno-
perennx xepnoro opyxnx n peun, c xoropo ntcrynnn A. F. Baxnan 30 max
1998 r.: Ho ecnn coce saxnartnaer nam om, cosaer ecnopxxn, rora
rnannoe snauenne npnoperaer nama esonacnocrt H nnxro ne onxen co-
mnenartcx n +rom. 3ro n ecrt ocnonnax nent xepntx ncntrann. Hs xon-
rexcra cneyer, uro no +rnm coceom A. F. Baxnan nopasymenan Haxn-

51
Talbott S. Engaging India: Diplomacy, Democracy, and the Bomb. New Delhi: Penguin
Books, 2004. P. 53.
52
Rajagopalan R. Second Strike: Arguments about Nuclear War in South Asia. New Delhi:
Penguin Books, 2005. P. 69.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 644
cran. On ynomxnyn ]axr nponeennx nm xepntx ncntrann nocne Hnnn, a
raxxe nororonxy pyrnx crpan, nasnanntx pystxmn Hnnn, x ncntrann-
xm xepnoro opyxnx. Kpome roro, n peun npemtep-mnnncrpa yeneno nnnma-
nne xepntm epxanam, xoropte ne xorxr, urot pyrne crpant paspaart-
nann O, xorx camn onaamr nm n ne xenamr coxparnrt cnon apcenant
53
.
pyrnm cnnerentcrnom mnpoxo rpaxronxn nnepamn Hnnn yrpos na-
nnonantno esonacnocrn cnyxar cnona xopxa uepnaneca, mnnncrpa
oopont Hnnn n (19992004 rr.): Mpaunt cnenapn pasnnrnx cnryannn n
onacrn esonacnocrn Hnnn nxnmuaer n cex Knra c ontmnm xepntm
apcenanom, Haxncran c xepntm opyxnem n cpecrnamn ocranxn, Amepnxy,
saxpennnmymcx na o. nero-Iapcna, n nocemt asnarcxnx crpan, onaammnx
paxerntm norennnanom
54
.
Hs npnneenntx saxnnenn ouennno cneymmee:
nepexo xepnoro nopora Hnne tn oycnonnen ne onpeenenntmn
yrposamn, ncxoxmnmn ns Knrax nnn Haxncrana, a noome nannunem xepnoro
opyxnx n mnpe, a raxxe nosmoxnocrtm pacmnpennx cnncxa xepntx crpan;
xepnoe opyxne paccmarpnnanoct pyxonocrnom Hnnn cxopee xax no-
enno-nonnrnuecxn, nexenn cyryo noennt norennnan, no+romy ero npno-
perenne npecrannxnoct xax peaxnnx na mnpoxn cnexrp ]axropon, naunnax
or noepxxn nsnne reppopnsma n cenaparnsma na reppnropnn Hnnn n sa-
xanunnax ncxnmunrentntm crarycom xepno nxrepxn.
Ho mnennm poccncxnx nccneonarene, na pasntx +ranax nnncxne
nnept npnanann ontmee snauenne pasntm ]axropam, onaxo onn ns nnx
nensmenno ocranancx naxntm na nporxxennn nce ncropnn xepno npo-
rpammt Hnnn, a nmenno npecrnxno-epxannte nnrepect Hnnn, osnauan-
mne crpemnenne crpant x operennm craryca mnpono epxant
55
. B +ro
cnxsn rexnonornn paxernoro xepnoro opyxnx npoonxamr paccmarpnnartcx
n Hnnn xax onn ns arpnyron mnpono epxant. emoncrpnpyx ycnexn n
ocnoennn +rnx rexnonorn, Hnnx nperenyer na npnnanexnocrt x ysxomy
xpyry rocyapcrn.
Hocne xepntx ncntrann 1998 r. cenano nemano +monnonantntx sa-
xnnenn, nornepxammnx annoe mnenne, ns xoroptx nanonee nsnecrno
ntcxastnanne Fana Txaxpe, nnepa nnyccxo panxantno naprnn Bnn
Cena (19662012 rr.): Mt ontme ne ennyxn
56
.
Hosxe, yxe nocne ncntrannx annncrnuecxo paxert Arnn-5
19 anpenx 2012 r., nnncxne o]nnnantnte nnna nouepxnnann, uro crpana
npncoennnnact x +nnrapnomy xnyy rocyapcrn, onaammnx paxeramn
mexxonrnnenrantno antnocrn
57
.

53
Bao+nau A. B. Hnnx na nyrn n yymee: copnnx peue n ntcrynnenn (mapr 1998
cenrxpt 2001 r.). M.: Hncrnryr nocroxoneennx PAH, 2001. C. 25.
54
Hnr. no: Kumar A., Vannoni M. Ballistic Missile Proliferation in Southern Asia: Options for
Stabilization. Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, 2004. P. 22.
55
Be.orpeuuru B. B., Mocra.euro B. H., Lay+u T. H. Rxnax Asnx n mnpono nonnrn-
xe. M.: Mexynap. ornomennx, 2003. C. 217.
56
Hnr. no: Krishna S. The Social Life of a Bomb: India and the Ontology of an Overpopu-
lated Society // South Asian Cultures of the Bomb / Ed. by I. Abraham. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 2009. P. 72.
57
India Test-Fires Agni-V; Joins Elite Missile Club // Deccan Herald. Apr. 19, 2012.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 645
uaxr nponeennx xepntx ncntrann nosnonnn nnepam Hnnn ntcry-
nnrt c onee pesxnmn saxnnennxmn n ornomennn nepoxrntx npornnnnxon,
npexe ncero Haxncrana. Hanpnmep, Han Kpnmna Anann, mnnncrp nnyr-
pennnx en Hnnn (19982004 rr.) n nnep onnosnnnn, saxnnn nocne ncntra-
nn: Hcnamaay cronr yuecrt nsmenenne reocrparernuecxo cnryannn n
pernone n mnpe. On onxen orxasartcx or cnoe anrnnnncxo nonnrnxn,
ocoenno n ornomennn Kammnpa. B nmom nnom cnyuae ycnnnx Haxncrana
yyr nx nero rmernt n cnnmxom oporn
58
.
Haxncran o1pearnponan ne 1ontxo na nepnme ncnm1annn Hnnn,
noopnan n xonne uan 1998 r. mec1t nepnmx sapnon sa na nn, no n na
sannnennn, xo1opme mnn cenanm n +1on cnnsn n Htm-enn.
Ha npecc-xon]epennnn 28 max 1998 r. Hanas Bapn], npemtep-mnnncrp
Haxncrana (19971999 rr.), n uacrnocrn, saxnnn: Cpasy xe nocne xepntx
ncntrann Hnnx narno norpeonana, urot Hcnamaa yuen nsmenenne
reocrparernuecxo cnryannn n pernone, n npnrposnna rem, uro yer rnepa n
pemnrentna c Haxncranom. Taxnm opasom, nama esonacnocrt, mnp n cra-
nntnocrt no ncem pernone no ceptesno yrposo Ha namn ecrnnx nac
ntnynnn espaccynte ecrnnx ntnemnero nnncxoro pyxonocrna. Ho-
cne coornercrnymmero ocyxennx n rmarentnoro anannsa ncex napnanron
mt npnnxnn pemenne noccranonnrt crparernuecxn ananc. Hame peme-
nne n nontsy xepnoro ntopa tno npnnxro n nnrepecax samnrt nannn. 3ro
opyxne npenasnaueno nx cepxnnannx arpeccnn, xepno nnn otuno
59
.
Hecmorpx na +rn n pyrne saxnnennx naxncrancxnx nnepon o ornernom
xapaxrepe xepntx recron
60
, ouennno, uro Hcnamaa tn sapanee roron x
nponeennm xepntx ncntrann. Yxe na rpern ent nocne nsptnon na nn-
ncxom nonnrone Hoxxapan, pasnetnarentnte cnyrnnxn CBA sa]nxcnpo-
nann na naxncrancxom nonnrone uaran (nponnnnnx Fenyxncran) npnroron-
nennx x xepntm ncntrannxm
61
.
Fonee roro, H. Bapn] yrnepxan, uro Haxncran mor t nponecrn xep-
nte ncntrannx na 1520 ner pantme. Hexoropte nnncxne anropt npeno-
naramr, uro Haxncran ecrnnrentno mor ncntrart xepnoe nsptnnoe ycr-
pocrno, no na reppnropnn Knrax. Tax, no cnonam nnncxoro anropnrernoro
+xcnepra unrpany Yax Fxacxapa, raxoe ncntranne morno trt ocymecrnne-
no 26 max 1990 r.
62

Ecnn +ro rax, ro Hnnx n Haxncran sa necxontxo ner o nponeennx
xepntx ncntrann n 1998 r. oxasannct n cnryannn cnoeopasnoro cxptroro
cepxnnannx, r. e. ornomenn nsanmnoro cepxnnannx mexy crpanamn, na-
xoxmnmncx y xepnoro nopora nnn cxptro nepememnmn ero.

58
Inderjit S. Advani Tells Pakistan to Roll Back Its Anti-India Policy // Times of India. 1998.
May 19.
59
Text of Prime Minister Muhammed Nawaz Sharif at a Press Conference on Pakistan Nu-
clear Tests, Islamabad, May 28, 1998 // The Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy
<http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd26/26pak.htm>.
60
Cm. raxxe: Myuappaq H. Ha nnnnn ornx: memyapt. M.: Canna Hax HT. C. 327.
61
Frantz D., Collins C. The Man from Pakistan: The True Story of the Worlds Most Danger-
ous Nuclear Smuggler. N.Y: Twelve, 2008. P. 228.
62
Comparing Nuclear Pledges and Practice: The View from India // The China-India Nuclear
Crossroads / Ed. by L. Saalman. Wash.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2012. P. 36.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 646
Ho nexoroptm onenxam, n cepenne 1990-x roon Hnnx morna copart
onee 30 xepntx oesapxon (F3), a Haxncran menee 30, xorx o]nnnantno
Htm-enn n Hcnamaa orpnnann ]axr nannunx y nnx xepnoro opyxnx
63
.
Paccmorpenne nnamnxn pasnnrnx paxerntx nporpamm Hnnn n Haxn-
crana cnnerentcrnyer o rom, uro oa rocyapcrna nauann paspaorxy nocnre-
ne xepnoro opyxnx eme o roro, xax nponenn ncntrannx 1998 r.


Pasnn1ne paxe1nmx nporpauu n Kanon Asnn

Hnnn. B cepenne 1980-x roon npannrentcrno, nosrnannxemoe Hnn-
po Iann, nopyunno Oprannsannn ooponntx nccneonann n paspaorox
(OOHP) peannsannm nayuno-nccneonarentcxnx n ontrno-xoncrpyxropcxnx
paor (HHOKP) no rpem nanpannennxm, nxnmuax paxert pasnnuntx xnaccon.
C nauana 1980-x roon Fxapar anemnxc Hnmnre (FH) crana rnanntm
ooponntm npenpnxrnem Komnnexcno nporpammt no paspaorxe ynpan-
nxemoro paxernoro opyxnx (KHPYPO).
Oneparnnno-raxrnuecxax paxera (OTP) Hpnrxnn-1, cnoconax necrn
xax xepnym, rax n otunym oenym uacrt, crana nepntm npoexrom KHPYPO,
yrnepxenntm n 1983 r.
Ho nexoroptm onenxam, or 5 o 10% rexnonorn, ncnontsonanntx npn
cosannn anno OTP, tnn ocnonant na nnocrpanntx, npenonoxnrentno
conercxnx, paspaorxax, nxnmuax rexnonornn xnxocrnoro nnrarenx n cnc-
remt naneennx
64
. Paxera ycnemno npomna nepnte nernte ncntrannx n
1988 r. Bcero tno nponeeno 14 ncntrann, neyaunoe ns nnx ncero ono. B
1994 r. FH sanycrnn Hpnrxnn-1 n nponsnocrno
65
.
3a nepno mon]nxanne xnxocrno OTP cemecrna Hpnrxnn no-
cneonann pyrne: Hpnrxnn-2 nx noenno-nosymntx cnn (nepnte nernte
ncntrannx n 1992 r.), xanym (2000 r.) n Hpnrxnn-3 (2004 r.) nx noen-
no-mopcxnx cnn. Bepoxrno, x nacroxmemy npemenn FH ntnycrnn onee 150
paxer Hpnrxnn-1 n onee 70 Hpnrxnn-2. uro xacaercx Hpnrxnn-3, ro
ecnn FH nonnocrtm ntnonnnn saxast BMC, y Hnnn onxno trt onee
80 paxer anno mon]nxannn. Onaxo +rn paxert noxa ne moryr trt pas-
nepnyrt ns-sa orcyrcrnnx xopane c nycxontmn ycranonxamn (HY).
Cncrema Hpnrxnn paccmarpnnaercx xax nosmoxnt +xcnoprnt ro-
nap. Eme n 1996 r. nnncxne nnacrn nxnmunnn paxert Hpnrxnn n xaranor
+xcnoprno npoyxnnn
66
.
Broptm npoexrom KHPYPO, yrnepxenntm n 1983 r.
67
, crana annncrn-
uecxax paxera cpene antnocrn (FPC) Arnn. Inanntm paspaorunxom
paxert tna 3nanc Cncremc H+oparopn (Xaepaa), a na FH tna

63
Be.orpeuuru B. B., Mocra.euro B. H., Lay+u T. H. Yxas. cou. C. 226, 230.
64
India Defence Industry. 2002. Oct. 16 // Central Investigation Agency <http://www.cia.gov/
nic/pubs/research_supported_by_nic/conference_paper/bristow.htm>.
65
BDL Milestones // Bharat Dynamics Limited <http://bdl.ap.nic.in/milestones.htm>.
66
Kumar D. Prithvi, Other Missiles Available For Export // Times of India. 1996. Jan. 14;
Pandit R. New Delhi Planning to Sell Missiles to Friends // Times of India. 2003. May 2.
67
Subramanian T. S. A Success Story // Frontline. 2005. Vol. 22. Issue 20.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 647
nosnoxena saaua nenocpecrnennoro nponsnocrna
68
. Hepnte nernte ncnt-
rannx rax nastnaemoro emoncrparopa rexnonorn Arnn tnn nponeent
n 1989 r., sa xoroptmn nocneonann recrt 1992 n 1994 rr.
Ha ocnone nonyuenntx pesyntraron n 1995 r. npnnxro pemenne o cosa-
nnn oeno cncremt Arnn-2. B 1999 r. nponeent ee nepnte nernte ncnt-
rannx. 3arem nocneonann ncntrannx pyrnx mon]nxann annoro ceme-
crna: Arnn-1 (nepnte nernte ncntrannx n 2002 r.), Arnn-2 Hpam/Hnac
(2010 r.), Arnn-3 (2006 r.) Arnn-4/5 (na crann HHOKP).
Hpenonoxnrentno, rontxo onocrynenuarax rneporonnnnnax OTP
Arnn-1 n nyxcrynenuarax rneporonnnnnax FPC Arnn-2 tnn npnnx-
rt na noopyxenne. Hpomtmnennoe nponsnocrno Arnn-1 nauanoct c
2004 r., Arnn-2 c 2001 r.
19 anpenx 2012 r. Hnnx nponena ncntranne FP Arnn-5, xoropax tna
oxnnena paxero mexxonrnnenrantno antnocrn
69
. B ecrnnrentnocrn,
Arnn-5, xoropax, nepoxrno, ornocnrcx x paxeram cpene antnocrn, moxer
trt npnnxra na noopyxenne x 2015 r. n cnyuae cepnn ycnemntx ncntra-
nn
70
.
Haxnc1an. Haxncrancxax paxernax nporpamma pasnnnanact npn nomomn
Knrax. Tax, FP Baxnn-1 xnnxercx naxncrancxnm napnanrom xnracxo pa-
xert yn]an-15. Hepnte nernte ncntrannx Baxnn-1 tnn nponeent
15 anpenx 1999 r. Ha napae n 2000 r. Hcnamaa npoemoncrpnponan nyx-
crynenuarym paxery cpene antnocrn Baxnn-2, a raxxe paxery c ant-
nocrtm n 2500 xm, cnoconym necrn 700-xnnorpammont nonesnt rpys
71
.
Bce paxert Haxncrana moryr ocnamartcx xax xepno, rax n otuno
rononno uacrtm, no, no nexoroptm coomennxm, nnacrn +ro crpant npn-
nxnn pemenne ncnontsonart rontxo otunte F3 na paxerax Xar]-1 n
Xar]-2/Aann. (Hnnx pemnna ncnontsonart otunte F3 na OTP Hpn-
rxnn-1 n Hpnrxnn-2
72
).
Hs npnmepno 360 paxer, xoroptmn pacnonaraer Haxncran, rontxo 100
moryr trt ocnament xepntmn F3. Ecrt npenonoxennx o rom, uro Haxn-
cran crpemnrcx nepenecrn cnom xepnym nporpammy c ypanonoro na nnyro-
nnenoe nanpannenne
73
.
B orcyrcrnne nnncxo-naxncrancxnx mep onepnx, xacammnxcx ocna-
mennx paxer xepntmn nnn otuntmn rononntmn uacrxmn, sanycx ono ns
cropon paxert c otuntm F3 moxer trt omnouno onpeenen xax xepnax
araxa n ntsnart ornernt xepnt yap pyro cropont.

68
Missile Defense Headlines Update. May 14, 2010 May 20, 2010 / Ed. by P. Lahr. Alexan-
dria: Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance, 2010. P. 32.
69
India Test-Fires Agni-V; Joins Elite Missile Club // Deccan Herald. 2012. Apr. 19.
70
Pandit R. India Quietly Gate Crashes Into Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles Club? //
Times of India. 2012. July 31.
71
Tpouoe A. M., Hyrouoe A. K. Cpecrna ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx Haxncrana // Hn-r
Fnnxnero Bocroxa <http://www.iimes.ru/rus/stat/2006/17-05-06b.htm>.
72
Kumar A., Vannoni M. Op. cit. P. 42.
73
Moskalenko V., Topychkanov P. Nuclear Pakistan: Possibilities of Neutralizing the Threats
to the NPT Regime // Russia: Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security. IMEMO
Supplement to the Russian Edition of the SIPRI Yearbook 2009 / Ed. by A. Kaliadine, A. Arbatov.
M. IMEMO, 2010. P. 135.


6
4
8






















C
H
E
H
H
A
H
B
H
O
E

H
P
H
H
O

E
H
H
E

H
M
J
M
O




Tannna 1. Bannnc1nuecxne paxe1m Hnnn
Hasnanne
paxe1m
Knacc Boerononxa
Hauano
nponsnoc1no
Oseu eaeronoro
nponsnoc1na
Bcero nponsneeno
C1onuoc1t
onon paxe1m
Hpnrxnn-1 OTP Otunax 1994 ~150
Hpnrxnn-2 OTP Otunax 2004? ~70
Hpnrxnn-3 OTP epnax 2004? ~80
xanym OTP epnax 2003? He menee 25
Carapnxa OTP epnax ?
1050 paxer
cemecrna
Hpnrxnn
?
Oxono 500 rtc.
onn. sa ony
paxery cemecrna
Hpnrxnn
Arnn-1 OTP epnax 2004 ? ? ?
Arnn-2 FPC epnax 2001 1018 ~100 4.86.6 mnn onn.
Arnn-3 OTP epnax ? ? ? ?
Arnn-4/5 FPC epnax ? ? ? ?
Hcmo:uur: rannna cocrannena anropom
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 649
B mnpnoe npemx, xora n Hnnx, n Haxncran noepxnnamr cnon xep-
nte cnnt n cocroxnnn nonnxenno oeno roronnocrn, raxo cnenapn
npecrannxercx manonepoxrntm, nocxontxy npnneenne xepntx cnn ono
cropont n nonnym oenym roronnocrt samer npemx, ocrarounoe nx onen-
xn nocnecrnn npemecrnonanme paxerno araxn pyro cropont. Ho n
ycnonnxx xon]nnxra, xora cropont moryr nontcnrt yponent oeroronnocrn
xepntx cnn, raxo cnenapn cranonnrcx onee nepoxrntm.


Tannna 2. Bannnc1nuecxne paxe1m Haxnc1ana, 2011r.
Hasnanne
antnoc1t,
xu
Honesnan narpysxa,
xr
Boerononxa
Hpnnn1ne na
noopyaenne, ro
Xar]-1 70100 500 Otunax 1992
Xar]-2 /
Aann
180260 250450 Otunax 2005
Xar]-3 /
Iasnann
400 500 epnax 2004 (?)
Xar]-4 /
Baxnn-1
>450 7001000 epnax 1999
Xar]-5 /
Iaypn-1
1300 1000 epnax 1998
Xar]-5A /
Iaypn-2
15001800 700 epnax 1999 (?)
Xar]-6 /
Baxnn-2
2500 700 epnax 2005 (?)
Hcmo:uur: rannna cocrannena anropom.


Tontxo FPC Xar]-6/Baxnn-2 moxer nopaxart nenn na nce rep-
pnropnn Hnnn. Hpenonoxnrentno nce paxert annoro xnacca, xonnuecrno
xoroptx cocrannxer onee 10, ocnament HY
74
. antnocrt pyrnx paxer rax-
xe nosnonxer Haxncrany yrpoxart naxntm noenntm n amnnncrparnnno-
npomtmnenntm nenrpam Hnnn, nxnmuax cronnny crpant.
Haxncran, npenonoxnrentno, nnannpyer xepnte yapt ne rontxo no
amnnncrparnnno-npomtmnenntm nenrpam Hnnn, no n no noopyxenntm
cnnam n cnyuae nx nropxennx, n rom uncne n na cnoe reppnropnn
75
. C +rnm
cnxsano mnoroopasne oneparnnno-raxrnuecxnx paxer, nxnmuax paspaart-
naemym paxery Xar]-9/Hacp. Cornacno o]nnnantntm anntm +ra paxe-

74
Kristensen H. Pakistani Nuclear Forces, 2007. 2007. May 9 // FAS Strategic Security Blog
<http://www.fas.org/blog/ssp/2007/05/article_pakistani_nuclear_forc.php>. B 2007 r. Xanc Kpn-
crencen npenonoxnn, uro Haxncran roronnncx x pasneprtnannm paxer Xarn-6/Baxnn-
2, na uro Tacnnm Acnam, o]nnnantnt npecrannrent Mnnncrepcrna nnocrpanntx en Ha-
xncrana, saxnnna: 3ro cnexynxnnx, xoropax uacrnuno coepxnr npany, uacrnuno ntmt-
cen (Hnr. no: A Day Later, Pak Plays Down Report on GeNext N-Missile // The Times of India.
2007. May 11).
75
Hnrepntm anropa c npecrannrenem rocyapcrnennoro neomcrna Haxncrana, noxe-
nanmnm coxpannrt anonnmnocrt (Hcnamaa, 27 oxrxpx 2010 r.).
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 650
ra, nmemmax antnocrt 60 xm n nontmennym rounocrt, sanycxaercx c mno-
rocrnontno HY, nosnonxmme necrn oront co cmeno orneno nosnnnn
76
.


Coc1onnne n nepcnex1nnm pasnn1nn nepnmx apcenanon
n Hnnn n Haxnc1ane

Ho onenxam Mexynapono xomnccnn no pacmennxmmnmcx marepna-
nam, n nacroxmee npemx Hnnx moxer nmert 80100 xepntx F3, Haxncran
90110. Oa rocyapcrna onaamr nosmoxnocrxmn no napamnnannm xepno-
ro norennnana
77
.

Tannna 3. Hapao1xa opyaennmx nepnmx ua1epnanon, 2012 r.
C1pana
Osex1m
(ooramenne ypana)
Omne
sanacm
BOY, 1
Osex1m
(napao1xa
opyaennoro
nny1onnn)
Omne
sanacm
nny1onnn
opyaennoro
xauec1na, 1
Hnnn 3ano pexnx merannon
Aromnoro nccneona-
rentcxoro nenrpa nme-
nn Fxaxn (Parexannn)
0.220.56
Aromnt nccneona-
rentcxn nenrp
nmenn Fxaxn
(r. Tpome)
0.50.15
Haxnc1an Hccneonarentcxne
naoparopnn nmenn
A.K.Xana (Kaxyra);
oorarnrentnte
npenpnxrnx n Iana-
ne, Ionpe, Cnxane
2.6
Honte naoparo-
pnn Haxncrancxoro
nncrnryra xepntx
nayx n rexnonorn
(r. Hnnop)
0.5
Hcmo:uuru: International Panel on Fissile Materials <http://fissilematerials.org/>; Standing
Committee on Defence & Defence Production, Senate of Pakistan <http://www.senatedefenc
ecommittee.com.pk/ index.php?pageid=home> .

Kax Hnnx, rax n Haxncran crpemxrcx x cosannm xepno rpnat, nc-
nontsyx n xauecrne nocnrene O annannm, paxert nasemnoro asnponannx n
paspaartnax paxert n nnar]opmt mopcxoro asnponannx.
Tax, Hnnx moxer ncnontsonart mnoronenente ncrpenrenn Mnpax-
2000H nx ocranxn om cnoonoro naennx. Kpome roro, coomaercx,
uro nocnrenxmn O moryr trt raxrnuecxn yapnt ncrpenrent ryap IS
Bammep n mnoroneneno ncrpenrent Cy-30MKH
78
.

76
Press Release No. PR94/2011-ISPR. April 19, 2011 // ISPR Inter Services Public Rela-
tions <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&id=1721>.
77
Countries: India // International Panel on Fissile Materials <http://fissilematerials.org/ coun-
tries/india.html>); Countries: Pakistan // International Panel on Fissile Materials <http://fissilema-
terials.org/countries/pakistan.htm>.
78
Kile Sh.N., Schell Ph., Kristensen H. M. Indian Nuclear Forces // SIPRI Yearbook 2012:
Armaments, Disarmament and International Security / Ed. by Bates Gill. Oxford: Oxford Univ.
Press, 2012. P. 334.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 651
B Haxncrane O moxer trt pasmemeno na mnoronenentx ncrpenre-
nxx u-16A/B n Mnpax-3/4
79
. Hexoropte nnncxne anropt cunramr, uro
raxym xe pont moxer nrpart naxncrano-xnracxn mnoroneneno ncrpen-
rent
80
, xoropt ocnamaercx poccncxnm nnrarenem P-93
81
.
B ornnune or Hnnn Haxncran n oospnmo nepcnexrnne cnocoen pas-
mecrnrt na ncrpenrenxx xptnarym paxery (KP) Paa (Xar]-8), xoropax
npoxonr cepnm ncntrann. Cornacno o]nnnantntm anntm, KP Paa, nt-
nonnennax c npnmenennem rexnonornn crenc, cnocona nerert na nnsxnx
ntcorax c ornannem pente]a mecrnocrn. Ona onaaer ntcoxo manenpenno-
crtm n moxer ocrannxrt xepnte nnn otunte F3 c ontmo rounocrtm
82
.
KP Paa moxer raxxe crart rnanno cncremo Crparernuecxoro noenno-
mopcxoro xomanonannx, ocnonannoro n mae 2012 r. n npnsnannoro oecneunrt
norennnan ornernoro yapa
83
. B +ro cnxsn ocraercx nexcntm nonpoc o rom, re
yyr pasmemartcx KPMF na nanontx xopanxx nnn nonontx noxax. Ho-
cnenee npecrannxercx menee nepoxrntm, nocxontxy, xax nsnecrno ns orxpt-
rtx ncrounnxon, Haxncran ne npononn ncntrarentntx nonontx nycxon.
Hnnx neonoxparno npononna noonte nycxn, nocnenn ns xoro-
ptx tn ocymecrnnen c nonono nnar]opmt n mapre 2012 r. Peut ner o
ncntrannxx FPHH K-15 (Carapnxa), antnocrt xoropo 750 xm, a nones-
nax narpysxa cocrannxer, no pasntm onenxam, or 500 xr o 1 r.
Kpome roro, Hnnx paspaartnaer FPHH K-4, antnocrt xoropo mo-
xer ocrnrart o 3500 xm, a nonesnax narpysxa oxono 1 r. 3rn paxert moryr
trt pasmement na AHH Apnxanr, mopcxne ncntrannx xoropo nauannct
n 2012 r. 3ra nononax noxa ocnamena uertptmx HY. Ona moxer necrn nn-
o 12 paxer K-15, nno uertpe K-4. Hpnnxrne Apnxanra na noopyxe-
nne nnannpyercx n 2013 r.
84
Baxnym pont n peannsannn +rnx nnanon nrpaer
nennt ontr, xoropt Hnnx nonyuaer naroapx apene poccncxo mno-
roneneno AHH Hepna (uaxpa), nneenno n cocran BMC Hnnn n
2012 r. Ha ne npoxonr nororonxy nnunt cocran, xoropt n antnemem
yer cnyxnrt na AHH nnncxoro nponsnocrna
85
.
Hecmorpx na onpeenennte ycnexn n pasnnrnn nosymno n mopcxo
cocrannxmme xepno rpnat, xepnt norennnan Hnnn n Haxncrana nce
eme ocnonan na paxerno-xepnom opyxnn nasemnoro asnponannx.
Hpecrannxercx, uro na oospnmym nepcnexrnny +ro opyxne coxpannr
raxym pont.

79
Kile Sh.N., Schell Ph., Kristensen H. M. Pakistani Nuclear Forces // SIPRI Yearbook 2012:
Armaments, Disarmament and International Security / Ed. by Bates Gill. Oxford: Oxford Univ.
Press, 2012. P. 338.
80
Pant H. V. Pakistan Thorn in China-India-U. S. Relations // The Washington Quarterly.
2012. Winter. P. 85.
81
JF-17 nyume Cyxnx Mnnoopont Haxncrana. 11 anrycra 2010 // Hepncxon 2: nono-
crn OHK n BTC Poccnn <http://periscope2.ru/2010/08/11/2684>.
82
Press Release No. PR104/2011-ISPR. April 29, 2011 // ISPR Inter Services Public Rela-
tions <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&date=2011/4/29>.
83
Press Release No. PR122/2012-ISPR. May 20, 2012 // ISPR Inter Services Public Rela-
tions <http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp? o=t-press_release&date=2012/5/19>.
84
Pandit R. India Quietly Gate Crashes Into Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles Club? //
Times of India. 2012. July 31.
85
E+e.iueuroe A. Hepna nomna n cocran BMC Hnnn // Poc. rasera. 2012. 4 anp.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 652
Heonpeenennoc1t nepnmx ox1pnn Hnnn n Haxnc1ana

Omee npecrannenne o ponn xepntx cnn +rnx crpan moxno nonyunrt
ns o]nnnantntx saxnnenn n oxymenron.
B coornercrnnn c pemennem npannrentcrnennoro Komnrera no yxpenne-
nnm mep esonacnocrn or 4 xnnapx 2003 r. xepnax oxrpnna Hnnn moxer
trt cneena x cneymmemy: 1) cosanne n noepxanne naexnoro mnnn-
mantnoro cepxnnannx; 2) orxas or nanecennx xepnoro yapa nepntmn, os-
nauammn, uro O npenonaraercx npnmennrt rontxo n orner na xepnoe na-
naenne na nnncxym reppnropnm nnn nnncxne noopyxennte cnnt;
3) orner na nepnt yap yer maccnponanntm n paccunranntm na nanecenne
nenpnemnemoro ymepa
86
.
Cornacno saxnnennm naxncrancxoro npemtep-mnnncrpa Hanasa Bapn]a
20 max 1999 r. ocnonntmn +nemenramn xepno nonnrnxn Haxncrana xnnx-
mrcx cepxannocrt, cranntnocrt n naexnoe mnnnmantnoe xepnoe cep-
xnnanne
87
.
B xonnennnxx mnnnmantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx Hnnn n Haxncra-
na cymecrnymr npornnopeunx:
no-nepntx, xax Hnnn yacrcx cornaconart annym xonnennnm co
crpemnennem oecneunrt norennnan maccnponannoro ornernoro yapa;
no-nroptx, yer nn Hnnx crporo cneonart oxsarentcrny o nenane-
cennn xepnoro yapa nepno, ecnn na ne nanncner peantnax yrposa xep-
noro nanaennx, a y nee nce eme ne yer nn pasnepnyro cncremt HPO, nn
naexntx cpecrn ornernoro yapa;
n-rpertnx, nosepxnrcx nn Haxncran or napamnnannx xepnoro apcena-
na n nontmennx ero oeroronnocrn n mnpnoe npemx, ecnn noenno-rexnonorn-
uecxoe pasnnrne Hnnn npnneer x pasneprtnannm cncremt HPO n cosannm
em momnoro norennnana ornernoro yapa, coxpamennm npemenn, neoxon-
moro nx oneparnnnoro pasneprtnannx xepntx cnn Hnnn.


Hponeum nepnoro xon1ponn n Kanon Asnn

Mexy Hnne n Haxncranom ner cornamenn n onacrn xonrponx na
noopyxennxmn, uro moxer trt nnrepnpernponano cneymmnm opasom:
no-nepntx, Hnnx n Haxncran n es +roro nmemr npecrannenne o
cnoconocrn pyr pyra x napamnnannm xepnoro norennnana naroapx na-
nnonantntm cpecrnam pasnexn;
no-nroptx, Hnnx n Haxncran, exnapnpymmne npnnepxennocrt xon-
nennnn mnnnmantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx, n es oronopon ne noyr na
nexonrponnpyemym ronxy noopyxenn;

86
Cabinet Committee on Security Reviews Progress in Operationalization Indias Nuclear
Doctrine // Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2003. Jan. 4. <http://pib.nic.in/ar-
chieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rjan2003/04012003/r040120033.html>.
87
Remarks of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, on Nuclear Policies and the
CTBT, National Defence College, Islamabad, May 20, 1999 (Hnr. no: Ayaz Ahmed Khan. Indian
Offensive in the Kargil Sector // Defence Journal. 1999. Jun. <http://www.defencejournal.com/
jun99/indian-offensive.htm>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 653
n-rpertnx, Hnnx onacaercx omennnartcx uyncrnnrentno nn]opma-
nne c Haxncranom, onacaxct nepeaun raxo nn]opmannn Knram.
B onacrn mep onepnx Hnnx n Haxncran nonncann px cornamenn:
cornamenne o sanpere nanaennx na xepnte oexrt (1991 r.);
cornamenne o npenapnrentnom yneomnennn o ncntrannxx annn-
crnuecxnx paxer (2005 r.);
cornamenne o npeornpamennn upesntuantx nponcmecrnn c xep-
ntm opyxnem (2007 r.).
Hn ono ns +rnx cornamenn ne npeycmarpnnaer cosannx mexannsmon
n nponeypt nponepxn. Moxno npenonoxnrt, uro n ycnonnxx reppnropn-
antno nnsocrn n ntcoxo axrnnnocrn pasnetnarentntx cnyx n nexoro-
ptx c]epax ne omymaercx neoxonmocrt n ocotx mexannsmax nponepxn.
Hanpnmep, nororonxa ono ns crpan x paxerntm ncntrannxm npx nn yer
ne sameuena pyro crpano. Yunrtnax ntcoxym nepoxrnocrt ocneomnen-
nocrn nropo crpant, nepnax yer sannrepeconana n ee yneomnennn, at
nsexart nenpannntno nnrepnperannn paxerntx ncntrann. Tem ne menee
orcyrcrnne cornaconanntx mexannsmon nponepxn aer Hnnn n Haxncrany
ontme nosmoxnocre nx onocroponnnx maron, cnocontx npnnecrn x
ecrannnsannn cnryannn n pernone.
Pasnnrne mep onepnx nanonee axrnnno nponcxonno no npemx nnn-
cxo-naxncrancxoro xomnnexcnoro nanora n 20042008 rr.
Hex raxoro nanora tna osnyuena n 1998 r. Haxncranom xax uacrt
npenoxennx no pexnmy crparernuecxo cepxannocrn. Xorx +ro npeno-
xenne n nenom ne tno noepxano nnncxo cropono, nexoropte ero
nen namnn orpaxenne n Haxopcxo exnapannn or 1999 r. Hanpnmep: [Oa
npannrentcrna] onxnt npenpnnxrt marn nx roro, urot cnnsnrt pncx
cnyuanoro nnn necanxnnonnponannoro npnmenennx O n ocynrt repmnnt
n oxrpnnt n nenxx paspaorxn mep onepnx n onacrxx xepntx n otuntx
noopyxenn pan npeornpamennx xon]nnxron
88
.
nycroponnne cornamennx o mepax onepnx n 20052007 rr. moxno pac-
nennrt xax nenocpecrnennt pesyntrar xomnnexcnoro nanora. On tn
cnepnyr nocne reppopncrnuecxoro nanaennx na Myman n 2008 r., nocxontxy
Hnnx onnnnna Haxncran n noepxxe reppopncron.
Bosononnenne nanora n 2012 r. noxa ne npnneno x ocyxennm rep-
mnnon n oxrpnn n nenxx paspaorxn mep onepnx n onacrxx xepntx n
otuntx noopyxenn
89
.



* * *
Pasnnrne nacrynarentntx n ooponnrentntx noopyxenn Hnnn n Ha-
xncrana sacrannxer nx nocroxnno nepecmarpnnart xnmuente npnnnnnt
xepno nonnrnxn, npexe ncero mnnnmantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx.
Hpecrannxercx, uro xonnuecrnennte n xauecrnennte xapaxrepncrnxn xep-
ntx apcenanon nx Hnnn n Haxncrana ne xnnxmrcx nensmenntmn.

88
The Lahore Declaration. NTI <http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/lahore-declaration/>.
89
Ibid.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 654
Hnnx, npnepxnnammaxcx oxsarentcrna o nenpnmenennn xepnoro
opyxnx nepno, npenonaraer ncnontsonanne xepntx cnn n xauecrne opyxnx
ornernoro yapa. B nacroxmee npemx xepnte cnnt Hnnn npx nn onaamr
ocrarouno xnnyuecrtm n naexnocrtm, urot nsexart ynnuroxennx n
pesyntrare nepnoro yapa nepoxrnoro npornnnnxa. Onaxo Hnnx crpemnrcx x
cosannm raxnx cnn, nmex n nny nosmoxnocrt nanecennx yapa no rnanntm
nonnrnuecxnm, +xonomnuecxnm n noenntm nenrpam na reppnropnn nepoxrno-
ro npornnnnxa, npexe ncero, Knrax n Haxncrana. Bosmoxno, nnncxne
nnant npenonaramr cosanne nexepnoro xonrpcnnonoro norennnana.
3ro moxer ornnuart Hnnm or Haxncrana, xoropt nnannpyer ncnont-
sonanne O ne rontxo npornn nonnrnuecxnx n +xonomnuecxnx nenrpon, no
raxxe n npornn otuntx cnn na reppnropnn Hnnn nnn, n cnyuae nx nrop-
xennx n Haxncran, na cnoe reppnropnn.
Cymecrnyer onacnocrt acnmmerpnunoro ornera Haxncrana na pacrymne
nosmoxnocrn Hnnn n onacrn nacrynarentntx n ooponnrentntx noopyxe-
nn, nxnmuax nnepcnn n reppopnsm. 3xcneprt n Haxncrane nonnmamr upes-
ntuano ecrannnsnpymmn +]]exr raxoro ornera, no ntop accnmerpnu-
noro ornera moxer trt cenan nonpexn +xcneprnomy mnennm no nnnxnnem
nnyrpennnx ]axropon.
urot npeornparnrt nanxymn cnenapn, Hnnx, Haxncran n rpertn
crpant onxnt yennrt camoe ontmoe nnnmanne npeynpexennm xon-
]nnxron mexy Hnne n Haxncranom n ocoenno nosmoxnocrn ncnontsona-
nnx O.
Pan +ro nenn oa rocyapcrna mornn t oecneunrt uacrnunym
rpancnapenrnocrt xepntx cnn, xacammymcx nx crpyxrypt n pasmemennx,
nanpnmep, nonncart nponepxemoe cornamenne o nepasmemennn xepnoro
opyxnx n npnrpannuno sone. axe ecnn c noenno rouxn spennx raxoe co-
rnamenne ne yer nmert cmtcna, c nonnrnuecxo rouxn spennx ono moxer
oxasart nonoxnrentnoe nnnxnne na nnncxo-naxncrancxne ornomennx.
Te xe camte nenn moryr trt ocrnrnyrt nyrem nsanmnoro cnnxennx
oeno roronnocrn OTP (nocpecrnom saxpennennx cymecrnymme npaxrnxn
pasentnoro xpanennx nocnrene n xepntx F3) n yneomnenn o nsmene-
nnn raxoro craryca no npemx yuenn. 3ro nosnonnno t nym crpanam coxpa-
nnrt nosmoxnocrt onocroponne nsmenxrt yponent roronnocrn paxer cpe-
ne n, n yymem, mexxonrnnenrantno antnocrn, xoropte onn moryr
nanennnart xax pyr na pyra, rax n na nenn sa npeenamn Rxno Asnn.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 655
4. HEIKOE OPYHE TEHIE HPOFHEMI


Harantx KAHHHHHA

Crpenxonoe opyxne: nerxoe opyxne rxxente nponemt. 3rn cnona
tnmero Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Ko]n A. Annana, cxasannte nm eme n
2001 r.
90
, coxpanxmr cnom axryantnocrt n ceronx. Pasnnnax +ry mtcnt, An-
nan n onom ns cnonx oxnaon raxxe ormeuan: uncno nornmnx or crpen-
xonoro opyxnx namnoro npenocxonr uncno nornmnx n pesyntrare npnmene-
nnx pyrnx cncrem noopyxenn. Ho uncny xeprn crpenxonoro opyxnx ero
ecrnnrentno moxno nasnart opyxnem macconoro ynnuroxennx. Ho, ne-
cmorpx na +ro, n ornnune or cnryannn c xnmnuecxnm, nonornuecxnm n xep-
ntm opyxnem, o cnx nop ner nnxaxoro ncemnpnoro pexnma nepacnpocrpa-
nennx, xoropt orpannunnan t pacnonsanne +roro opyxnx no ncemy mnpy.
Btcrynax n Conere Fesonacnocrn OOH n cenrxpe 1999 r., Annan nasnan
ycnnnx no orpannuennm pacnpocrpanennx crpenxonoro opyxnx ono ns
cnoxnemnx saau no npeornpamennm xon]nnxron n yymem nexe.
H c +rnmn cnonamn nenosmoxno ne cornacnrtcx, nornepxennem uemy
moryr cnyxnrt npecrannxemte nnxe marepnant nccneonannx.


Konqnnx1nmn no1ennnan ACO

Omenpnsnannoro n ennoro onpeenennx nerxoro n crpenxonoro opy-
xnx (HCO) n conpemenno nccneonarentcxo npaxrnxe ner. Fontmnncrno
nccneonarene pyxonocrnymrcx onpeenennem, anntm Ipynno npann-
rentcrnenntx +xcnepron (IH3) no crpenxonomy opyxnm, cornacno xoropomy
crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx +ro raxne noopyxennx, xoropte
nponsnoxrcx n coornercrnnn c noenntmn cnenn]nxannxmn nx ncnontsona-
nnx n xauecrne cmepronocntx cpecrn noopyxenno optt
91
. HCO ncnont-
syercx ncemn nnamn noopyxenntx cnn, nxnmuax cnnt nnyrpenne esonac-
nocrn, n uacrnocrn, n nenxx camosamnrt nnn camooopont, neennx
pyxonamnoro nnn nnxnero ox, nx crpentt npxmo nnn nenpxmo nano-
xo, a raxxe nx crpentt no ranxam nnn nerarentntm annaparam co cpannn-
rentno neontmoro paccroxnnx.
anax cront mnpoxoe onpeenenne, moxno cxasart, uro nerxne noopyxe-
nnx +ro px nnon opyxnx, xoropte moryr rpancnoprnponartcx uenonexom,
ntmuntm xnnorntm nnn nerxontm anromonnem, a crpenxonoe opyxne xa-
reropnx nerxnx noopyxenn, nx ocnyxnnannx n ncnontsonannx xoroptx
ocrarouno onoro uenonexa. Hnn nnaue: crpenxonoe opyxne +ro nnnnny-
antnoe opyxne, a nerxne noopyxennx +ro rpynnonoe opyxne, npenasna-
uennoe nx ocnyxnnannx necxontxnmn nnnamn, cocrannxmmnmn pacuer.
B cnom ouepet HCO ennrcx na cneymmne xareropnn:

90
<http://unclef.com/russian/conferen/SmallArms/brochure.htm> (10.07.2001).
91
ox. OOH. A/52/298, npnnoxenne.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 656
c1penxonoe opyane: I penontnept n camosapxnte nncronert, II nnn-
ronxn n xapannt, III nncronert-nynemert, IV mrypmonte nnnronxn, V
pyunte nynemert, VI npouee (narpont, crnont n pyrne xomnnexrymmne);
nerxne noopyaennn: I rxxente nynemert, II pyunte nocrnontnte
n cranxonte rpanaromert, III npornnoranxonte pyxtx n rpanaromert, IV
esorxarnte opynx, V nepenocnte sennrno-paxernte xomnnexct (H3PK) n
npornnoranxonte ynpannxemte paxert (HTYP), VI mnnomert xannpa me-
nee 75 mm, VII npouee (nerxne sennrnte opynx, nymxn 2A42 xannpa 30
mm, pyrne xomnnexrymmne).
Hcropnx noxastnaer, uro crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx ncnont-
symrcx n ontmnncrne conpemenntx xon]nnxron. Onn mnpoxo npnmenxmrcx n
mexrocyapcrnenntx n pernonantntx xon]nnxrax n xnnxmrcx npenournrent-
ntm cpecrnom, npnmenxemtm n rpaxancxnx nonax, a raxxe n ecrnnxx c
yuacrnem reppopncron, oprannsonanntx npecrynntx rpynn n annron.
Ho anntm Bcemnpnoro anxa
92
, uerneprt nacenennx name nnanert
onee 1.5 mnp uenonex xnnyr n necranntntx n sarponyrtx xon]nnxramn
rocyapcrnax nnn n crpanax c ouent ntcoxnm yponnem npecrynnocrn n yro-
nonnoro nacnnnx
93
. Hpn +rom xon]nnxrt uacro xnnxmrcx ne onnountmn, a
nxmnmncx n nosononnxmmnmncx: 90% non nocnenero ecxrnnernx npo-
ncxonnn n crpanax, yxe nepexnnmnx rpaxancxym nony n reuenne no-
cnennx 30 ner.
Ocoym yrposy pasnnrnm necyr nonte ]opmt xon]nnxron n nacnnnx, n
xoroptx HCO nrpaer neymym pont.
Mnorne crpant, nanpnmep, Inaremana, Cantnaop, Rxnax A]pnxa, n
xoroptx panee yanoct saxnmunrt nonnrnuecxne cornamennx n mnpnte o-
ronopt, nonoxnnmne xonen nonnrnuecxnm xon]nnxram, nepexnnamr nonny
yrononnoro nacnnnx c ncnontsonannem HCO. Honte ]opmt xon]nnxron, no-
poxaemte nepennerennem mecrntx nonnrnuecxnx xon]nnxron c oprannso-
nanno npecrynnocrtm n noenntmn xon]nnxramn, nmemmnmn mexynapo-
noe nsmepenne, cymecrnenntm opasom orpaxamrcx na pasnnrnn +rnx crpan
n +xom oramrcx no ncemy mnpy.
Hccneonanne, nponeennoe Bcemnpntm anxom n 2010 r. n 18 sanano-
enponecxnx crpanax, noxasano, uro xaxoe nonoe npoxnnenne mexynapo-
noro reppopnsma cnnxano remnt +xonomnuecxoro pocra +rnx crpan na 0,4
nponenrntx nynxra n ro
94
.
Teppopncrnuecxn axr n onom pernone upenar nocnecrnnxmn nx mn-
pontx ptnxon. K npnmepy, uepes uertpe neenn nocne nauana noccrannx n
Hnnnn nent na ne]rt ntpocnn na 15%.

92
oxna Bcemnpnoro anxa O mnponom pasnnrnn 2011: Kon]nnxrt, esonacnocrt n
pasnnrne, anpent 2011 <http://www.un.org/ru/development/surveys/docs/worlddev2011.pdf>.
93
K uncny necranntntx rocyapcrn n crpan, sarponyrtx xon]nnxramn n nacnnnem, or-
nocxrcx crpant, n xoroptx: (1) uncno yncrn cocrannxer onee 10 na 100 rtc. uenonex n ro;
(2) nmemr mecro macmrante rpaxancxne xon]nnxrt (uncno nornmnx n xoe oentx e-
crnn npentmaer 1 rtc. uenonex n ro; (3) ecrnymr mnpornopuecxne mnccnn n mnccnn no
noepxannm mnpa na ocnonannn manara OOH nnn pernonantntx oprannsann; (4) crpant
c nnsxnm yponnem oxoa n nncrnrynnonantntm yponnem, n xoroptx npn +rom ntcox pncx
nacnnnx n xon]nnxron.
94
oxna Bcemnpnoro anxa O mnponom pasnnrnn 2011...
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 657
Cunraercx ycranonnenntm ]axrom, uro nocne ceptesntx ncntmex xon-
]nnxron n pyrnx nnon nacnnnx rpeyercx 20 ner nx roro, urot ropronnx
ntmna na npexnn yponent. Hntmn cnonamn, ceptesnax ncntmxa nacnnnx, n
ornnune or crnxnnoro ecrnnx nnn +xonomnuecxoro nnxna, cnocona cne-
crn na ner +xonomnuecxne ycnexn crpant, ocrnrnyrte rpyom nenoro noxo-
nennx.
Ecnn onennnart omym conoxynnocrt ]axropon, npnnoxmnx x noen-
ntm xon]nnxram, ro nce nx mnoroopasne moxno pasennrt na 4 ocnonnte
rpynnt: 1) neyperynnponannocrt rocyapcrnenntx rpannn n nannune cnop-
ntx yuacrxon reppnropnn mexy crpanamn; 2) nepannomepnoe pasmemenne n
pernone npnpontx pecypcon, n uacrnocrn +nepronocnrene n not; 3) me-
x+rnnuecxne, pennrnosnte n pernonantno-xnanonte npornnopeunx; 4) npo-
nemt connantno-+xonomnuecxoro xapaxrepa, npnnoxmne x connantno-
nonnrnuecxo ecrannnsannn.
Cymecrnenno nonnrxo nx nosnnxnonennx n noepxannx noenntx
xon]nnxron xnnxercx nocranxa n necranntnte crpant n pernont noopyxe-
nn n noenno rexnnxn (B n BT), n rom uncne HCO, axe ecnn +ro nponcxo-
nr na nerantno ocnone.
B xpnsncnte n xon]nnxrnte paont HCO nocrynaer ns pasntx ncrou-
nnxon, uame ncero neontmnmn naprnxmn, xoropte nocrenenno npenpamamr-
cx n norox, nepexo cranonxct cnycxontm xpmuxom, pasnxstnammnm xon-
]nnxr.
3a nepno c 1990 r. HCO cnyxnno rnanntm opynem nont n 46 ns 49
xpynntx xon]nnxron, n pesyntrare xoroptx nornno onee 4 mnn uenonex,
npnuem npnmepno 90% ns nnx rpaxancxne nnna n 80% xenmnnt n ern.
Hpnmepno 80% rocyapcrn unenon OOH ne nmemr xonxperntx saxo-
non nnn nopmarnnntx axron, oxnartnammnx poxepcxym exrentnocrt n
pamxax nx cncrem xonrponx na +xcnoprom opyxnx
95
, a xonrpont na xoneu-
ntm ncnontsonannem HCO npaxrnuecxn orcyrcrnyer
96
. Fonee roro, npaxrnue-
cxn n 100% cnyuaen n anntx o +xcnopre HCO ne orpaxent cenxn c oe-
npnnacamn, xorx nmenno nononnenne crpenxonoro opyxnx oenpnnacamn
oecneunnaer nosmoxnocrt ero ncnontsonannx.
B cnyuae c Hpaxom norepx xonrponx na mnnnnonamn ennnn crpenxono-
ro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn, oenpnnacon n nsptnntx ycrpocrn crana
onnm ns ]axropon, npnnemnx x noptny cranntnocrn neno crpant
97
.
Ho anntm Henrpa ooponno nn]opmannn
98
, n 20082009 rr. n mnpe
sa]nxcnponano 14 xpynntx noopyxenntx xon]nnxron
99
. B 2010 r. saperncr-
pnponano 24 noopyxenntx npornnocroxnn pasno nnrencnnnocrn. B 2011 r.

95
United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), Developing a Mechanism to
Prevent Illicit Brokering in Small Arms and Light Weapons, 2007.
96
The Small Arms Survey. Small Arms Survey 2008, chap. 5, <http://www.smallarmssur-
vey.org>.
97
The Small Arms Survey, Small Arms Survey 2004, chap. 2, <http://www.smallarmssur-
vey.org)>.
98
Hnanera xon]nnxron. Mapxernnr n Koncanrnnr (Mocxna), 25.02.2009; <http://www.
rusarm.ru/news/lenty/lenta_09_02_26.html>; <http://www.samoupravlenie.ru/3512.php>.
99
Kpynntm xon]nnxr cunraercx n rom cnyuae, ecnn n pesyntrare noopyxennoro nacnnnx
nornno onee 1000 uenonex.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 658
nx crano 26, ontmnncrno ns xoroptx npoonxannct n n 2012 r.
100
Ieorpa]n-
uecxoe pacnpeenenne noenntx xon]nnxron no cocroxnnm na nauano 2012 r.
npecranneno n rannne 1.

Tannna 1. Ieorpaqnuecxoe pacnpeenenne noennmx xonqnnx1on
no coc1onnnm na nauano 2012 r.
Pernon unpa
Konnuec1no c1pan
n pernone
Konnuec1no
xonqnnx1on
n pernone
Konnuec1no c1pan,
yuac1nymmnx
n xonqnnx1ax
A]pnxa 50 10 10
Asnx 42 9 6
Enpona 42 1 1
Amepnxa 44 1 1
Fnnxnn Bocrox 14 5 5
Bcero 192 26 23
Hcmo:uur: rannna cocrannena no: Armed Conflicts-2011, <http://www.ploughshares.ca/
images/pdf/ACR2012po.sterpdf>.

Hs npecrannenno n ran. 1 crarncrnxn noenntx xon]nnxron x nano-
nee snaunmtmn c nosnnnn ecrannnsnpymmero nnnxnnx na mexynaponym
esonacnocrt moxno ornecrn cneymmne.
B Aqpnxe: emoxparnuecxax Pecnynnxa Konro c 1997 r. ntcrynaer npo-
rnn nnemenntx noopyxenntx ]opmnponann n nnocrpanntx naemnnxon; n
Hnrepnn mex+rnnuecxne n mexpennrnosnte cronxnonennx c onpeenenno
nepnonunocrtm npoonxamrcx c 1970 r.; n Comann xon]nnxr ne saryxaer c
1978 r. n nmeer +rnnuecxne n xpnmnnantnte npnunnt; Cyan c 1983 r. opercx
npornn Hapono apmnn ocnooxennx Cyana n nnxennx sa cnpanennnocrt
n panencrno, npnuem macmrat xon]nnxra c 2003 r. pacryr (xpnsnc n ap]ype
mnornmn +xcnepramn npnsnaercx renonnom); Cyan n Rxnt Cyan c 2011 r.
(]axrnuecxn cpasy xe nocne operennx Rxntm Cyanom nesanncnmocrn)
xon]nnxrymr sa npanoonaanne ne]rxntmn mecropoxennxmn n nyrxmn
rpancnoprnponxn, Yrana c 1986 r. nomer c Apmne Fora, mycyntmancxo
oprannsanne +xcrpemncrcxoro ronxa, nperenymme na nnacrt n crpane,
npnuem n xon]nnxr nonneuen n Cyan, noepxnnammn Apmnm Fora.
C nauana 2010 r. pesxo oocrpnnact cnryannx n Hemene, re cronxnone-
nnx mexy apmne n mnnrcxnmn mxrexnnxamn n emencxo nponnnnnn Caa-
a ne npexpamamrcx
101
.

100
Hcuepntnammax asa anntx o noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax c 1946 r. no nacroxmee
npemx nmeercx na care Ynnnepcnrera Ynncant (Bnennx). <www.ucdp.uu.se/database>.
101
O xon]nnxre n Hemene n ero npnunnax cm.: Camauoecru E. eronarop yymero xa-
raxnnsma na Fnnxnem Bocroxe. Hemen crpana, n xoropo nce roront noenart npornn ncex //
Boenno-npomtmnennt xyptep. 2010. 15 cen.; Crocipee B. CBA nrxrnnamrcx n nony na
Apanncxom nonyocrpone// Hesanncnmax rasera. 2010. 17 cenr. <http://www.ng.ru/world/2010-
09- 17/7_yemen.html>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 659
Hpncrantnoe nnnmanne, xoropoe yenxercx mexynapontmn nonnrn-
xamn Hemeny, oxcnxercx rem, uro +ra crpana xnnxercx rtnono aso Ant-
Kant, npnuem na cenepe crpant opyxent nsnec nropax nocne npoa-
xn ne]rn crartx oxoon +nnrt.
Tam nmo xenammn es ocotx nponem moxer xynnrt paxert sem-
nxsemnx n semnxnosyx, H3PK, ranxn, ponerpancnoprept, rpanarome-
rt, mnnomert, anromart, nynemert, nncronert n, xoneuno, oenpnnact.
Kpome roro, ocooe nnnmanne xon]nnxry n Hemene npnaercx n noromy, uro
+ra crpana, ncnontsyx cnoe ynnxantnoe reononnrnuecxoe nonoxenne, ]axrn-
uecxn ocymecrnnxer xonrpont sa Aencxnm sannnom, uepes xoropt exero-
no n cropony Cy+nxoro xanana npoxonr oxono 20 rtc. cyon c ne]rtm nx
crpan EC n CBA n npomtmnenntmn ronapamn ns rocyapcrn Rxno n
Rro-Bocrouno Asnn. H pasnecnyxt 3anaa nce uame npeynpexamr
crpant Hepcncxoro sannna o yrpose cyoxocrny co cropont +roro rocy-
apcrna.
B Asnn: npaxcxoe npannrentcrno n mexnannonantnte cnnt c 2003 r.
npoonxamr opty npornn npaxcxnx nncyprenron n reppopncron Ant-
Kant; Hspannt c 1975 r. opercx npornn reppopncrnuecxnx rpynnnponox
(Xamac, Xesonna, Hanecrnncxn ncnamcxn xnxa n p.); a]ran-
cxoe npannrentcrno c 1978 r. nomer c Tannanom n Ant-Kano; Hnnx c
1986 r. opercx c cenaparncramn ns Kammnpa; Bpn-Hanxa c 1978 r. nomer c
oprannsanne Tnrpt ocnooxennx Tamnn-Hnama.
Ha enponencxou xon1nnen1e n neaxrnnno ]ase (nocne npoxoxennx n
2008 r. ropxue ]ast rpysnno-ocernncxoro xon]nnxra c noenntm yuacrnem
Poccnn) naxonrcx cnryannx n orennnmnxcx uacrxx Ipysnn Axasnn n
Rxno Ocernn, oxnnnmnx o nesanncnmocrn.
B Aa1nncxon Auepnxe: Konymnx c 1964 r. neer opty c Penonmnn-
onntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn Konymnn (uAPK), npnuem c 1978 r. xon-
]nnxr naxonrcx n axrnnno ]ase. Ecrt ceptesnte noenno-nonnrnuecxne
nponemt no nsanmoornomennxx c Benecy+no, xoropte n nmo momenr
moryr nepepacrn n noennoe npornnocroxnne.
Ha Bnnaneu Boc1oxe: n xoe apacxo necnt tnn cneprnyrt npa-
nxmne pexnmt n Tynnce, Ernnre, Hnnnn n Hemene. Ipaxancxne noccrannx
pasnnuno nnrencnnnocrn nponsomnn n Faxpene, Anxnpe, Hpaxe, Hopa-
nnn, Kynere, Mapoxxo, Manpnrannn, Omane, Cayoncxo Apannn, Cyane,
3anano Caxape n Hanecrnne. B 2012 r. npoonxanact xponanax rpaxan-
cxax nona n Cnpnn
102
. C noxpx 2012 r. nosononnnoct npornnocroxnne mex-
y Hspannem n Hanecrnno, nocnecrnnx xoroporo eme n ontme crenenn
oocrpxr cnryannm n +rom pernone. Apacxax necna nocrenenno nepepac-
rana n ncnamncrcxym snmy. B crpanax noennmnx penonmnn +]opnx
cmenxnact xon]nnxramn mexy remn, xro neanno cooma cnepran npexnmm
nnacrt.
Bospocna onacnocrt pacnpocrpanennx ecrannnsnpymmnx nponeccon,
xax +]]exra omnno, na pyrne apacxne crpant.

102
O npnunnax xon]nnxron n o xoe nx pasnnrnx cm. raxxe marepnant Hncrnryra Fnnx-
nero Bocroxa, <http://www.iimes.ru/index.html>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 660
B mnpe nacunrtnaercx necxontxo ecxrxon xon]nnxron, ocrpora xoro-
ptx no pasntm npnunnam nmeer nonnoopasnt xapaxrep (rax nastnaemte
samopoxennte xon]nnxrt).
Hocxontxy nnyrpennne npnunnt samopoxenntx xon]nnxron ocrannct
nepemenntmn, npn onpeenennom creuennn ocroxrentcrn onn moryr nnont
ncntxnyrt. B Enpone +ro Ipysnx npornn Axasnn n Rxno Ocernn. Ha
Fnnxnem Bocroxe Hspannt npornn Cnpnn n Hnnnn; Hspannt npornn Ernn-
ra; Hspannt npornn Hpana; Hpan n Typnnx npornn xypon. B Asnn Hnnx
npornn cenaparncron ns Accama n Mannnypa; Mtxnma (Fnpma) npornn noo-
pyxenntx ]opmnponann pasnnuntx +rnnuecxnx mentmnncrn; Henan npornn
nncyprenron-maoncron; Knra npornn cenaparncron Cnntnsxna; unnnnnnnt
npornn reppopncrnuecxo ncnamncrcxo oprannsannn Ay Caa] n npornn
Hono napono apmnn; Tannan npornn cenaparncron n mxntx nponnnnn-
xx crpant. B A]pnxe nnacrn Kor-Hnyapa npornn noopyxenntx onnosn-
nnonepon; Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynnxa npornn nncyprenron; ua
npornn nncyprenron; 3]nonnx npornn 3pnrpen; 3nmane npornn onnosn-
nnn. Ha amepnxancxom xonrnnenre Ianrn npornn pasnnuntx onnosnnnon-
ntx ]paxnn
103
.
B coornercrnnn c mexynapontm npanom panxantntmn mepamn ype-
rynnponannx noxantntx noenntx xon]nnxron, cnxsanntx c rpanc]eprom
opyxnx, xnnxmrcx pasnnunte nnt canxnn: ]nnanconte, ropronte, +mapro
na nocranxn noopyxenn, sanpert na rpancrpannunte noesxn n annannon-
nte nepenosxn.
Hanonee +]]exrnnntm cnocoom cunraercx nneenne +mapro na no-
cranxy pasnnuntx nnon noopyxenn oonm xon]nnxrymmnm croponam
104
.
Ho cocroxnnm na cepenny 2012 r., +mapro OOH na nocranxn opyxnx,
nxnmuax HCO, ecrnonann n ornomennn oprannsannn Ant-Kana, nnxe-
nnx Tannan, a raxxe emoxparnuecxo Pecnynnxn Konro, Hpaxa, Hpana,
KHP, Kor-Hnyapa, Hnnana, Hnepnn, Hnnnn, Comann, Cyana, 3pnrpen
105
.
Ananns oxnaon xomnreron OOH no canxnnxm noxasan, uro +mapro na
nocranxn opyxnx ne ocranannnnann noennt xon]nnxr, xoropt npoonxan-
cx nno sa cuer neperexannx opyxnx or ono npornnoopcrnymme cropont
x pyro, nno sa cuer nenerantntx ero saxynox uepes rpertn crpant nnn
pyrnx xonrpaanntx cnocoon nocrynnennx.

103
Fonee nopono o ecrnymmnx n samopoxenntx xon]nnxrax n nx npnpoe cm.: Hna-
nera xon]nnxron. Mapxernnr n Koncanrnnr (Mocxna), 25.02.2009, <http://www.rusarm.ru/
news/lenty/lenta_ 09_02_26.html>, a raxxe n exeronnxax CHHPH n pasenax Tenennnn n
noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax. Texymax nn]opmannx o noopyxenntx xon]nnxrax nmeercx na
cnennannsnponannom care. Cm.: <http://www.pcr.uu.se>. Hexoropte erann npoonxammnx-
cx noenntx xon]nnxron n 37 crpanax cm. n osope, nororonnennom HPOOH n 2011 r., <http://
www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/crisis%20prevention/UNDP%20Rule%20of%20Law%
20Annua l%20Report%20IN%20BRIEF%20.pdf>.
104
Pemenne o nneennn +mapro na nocranxn noopyxenn npnnnmaercx n coornercrnnn co
cr. 41 Ycrana OOH pesonmnne CF OOH. Coornercrnymmn npoexr pesonmnnn cunraercx
npnnxrtm, ecnn sa nero nporonoconann xax mnnnmym 9 unenon Conera ns 15, nxnmuax nxrt
nocroxnntx ero unenon.
105
Cm.: <http://www.un.org/russian/sc/committees>. Honnax asa anntx no +mapro naxo-
nrcx no apecy: Arms Embargoes Database, <http://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 661
Cornacno oxnay Croxrontmcxoro mexynaponoro nncrnryra nccne-
onann nponem mnpa (CHHPH)
106
+mapro onee nnn menee pesyntrarnnnt
rontxo npnmepno n 25% cnyuaen, r. e. +ror mexannsm n ontmnncrne cnyuaen
ne npeornpaman n ne ocranannnnan noennte xon]nnxrt pernonantnoro n/nnn
nnyrpnrocyapcrnennoro xapaxrepa, n xoroptx saxonnte n nesaxonnte no-
cranxn HCO nrpann pont nx]opona mnypa.


Mnponon oopo1 ACO

Aconmrno rountx anntx no mnponomy oopory HCO ne cymecrnyer
no nym npnunnam. Bo-nepntx, rontxo neontmoe xonnuecrno rocyapcrn
npoannon opyxnx nynnxymr cnon annte o ropronne HCO. Bo-nroptx,
]axrnuecxn nenosmoxno yuecrt nonaanne HCO ns nerantnoro oopora n ne-
nerantnt. Henosmoxno yuecrt n nocranxy HCO no ceptm n uepntm cxe-
mam, nxnmuax +xcnopr uepes rpertn crpant nnn neperexanne or saxonntx
nnaentnen (npannrentcrnennte oprant n crpyxrypt) x nesaxonntm noopy-
xenntm ]opmnponannxm, nanpnmep, reppopncrnuecxnm cerxm.
Ho nanonee anropnrerntm ncrounnxam nn]opmannn
107
, n 2002 r. n mn-
pe, npenonoxnrentno, naxonnoct n oopore 639 mnn e. HCO. Hs +roro xo-
nnuecrna 37.8% naxonnoct n noopyxenntx cnnax rocyapcrn, 2.7% n no-
nnnecxnx crpyxrypax, 0.2% n noncranuecxnx oprannsannxx n 59.2% na
pyxax y rpaxancxoro nacenennx.
B 2002 r. omax cronmocrt mnponoro nponsnocrna crpenxonoro opyxnx,
nxnmuax oenpnnact, onennnanact npnmepno n 7.4 mnp onn., a na mnponom
ptnxe HCO omnnnponann 13 crpan: Ancrpnx, Fentrnx, Fpasnnnx, Bennxo-
pnrannx, Iepmannx, Hspannt, Hcnannx, Hrannx, Knra, Pu, CBA, upannnx
n Bnenapnx.
B 2008 r. n oxymenrax OOH ynomnnamrcx pyrne nn]pt. B uacrno-
crn, n ntcrynnennn npecrannrenx Konro P. Mayny na saceannn CF
OOH nposnyuano, uro mnpono oopor HCO n 2008 r. cocrannxn 870 mnn
e.
108
, n pesyntrare npnmenennx xoroptx exerono nornano 740 rtc. ueno-

106
United Nations Arms Embargoes. Their Impact on Arms Flows and Target Behavior. A
Report by D. Fruchart, P. Holtom, S.T. Wezeman, D. Strandow and P. Wallensteen, SIPRI-2007.
107
Small Arms Survey (SAS) Osop crpenxonoro opyxnx npecrannxer coo nesanncn-
mt mexynapont nccneonarentcxn npoexr, ocymecrnnxemt n pamxax Hncrnryra mex-
ynapontx nccneonann n pasnnrnx n enene (Bnenapnx). On cnyxnr ocnonntm mexy-
napontm ncrounnxom omecrnenno nn]opmannn no ncem acnexram HCO n noopyxennoro
nacnnnx n n xauecrne pecypca nx npannrentcrn, npexrnnntx opranon n nccneonarene. B
npoexre yuacrnymr mexynaponte +xcneprt c ontrom nccneonann n onacrn mexyna-
pono esonacnocrn n yperynnponannx xon]nnxron, nonnrnuecxnx nayx, npana, +xonomnxn,
xpnmnnonornn, connonornn n p. n corpynnuecrne co Bcemnpno certm nccneonarene n
naprnepon. Hpoexr nmeer cno car, na xoropom, n rom uncne, nynnxymrcx exeronte orue-
rt no crpenxonomy opyxnm naunnax c 2001 r. Ioonte oruert ocrynnt no apecy:
<http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook.htm>.
108
Ho pyrnm anntm (cm. ntcrynnenne samecrnrenx Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH na
3nnaccona na orxptrnn Kon]epennnn OOH no osopy nporpecca, ocrnrnyroro n ocyme-
crnnennn Hporpammt ecrnn no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxonno ropronnn
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 662
nex
109
. Crpant, ne yuacrnymmne n xon]nnxrax n ne nrxnyrte n rpaxancxym
nony, raxxe repxnn exerono n pesyntrare camoyncrn n npecrynnenn c
npnmenennem ornecrpentnoro opyxnx oxono 200 rtc. uenonex. Kpome roro,
no nmemmnmcx anntm, no xpane mepe, na mnnnnona nme nmemr pane-
nnx or crpenxonoro opyxnx, nonyuennte sa nocnenee ecxrnnerne n ecxon-
]nnxrntx pernonax.
B 2011 r. Ienepantnt cexperapt OOH onennn oem mnpono paspe-
menno ropronnn crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn n 7 mnp
onn. CBA
110
.
K 2012 r., no anntm SAS
111
, n mnpe naxonneno ne menee 875 mnn e.
HCO, npnuem exerono +ra nn]pa nospacraer na 8 mnn e. Hs yxasannoro
omero xonnuecrna HCO nopxxa 42% ncnontsymrcx noopyxenntmn cnnamn
crpan mnpa, 34% npanooxpannrentntmn opranamn, onee nononnnt mnpo-
ntx sanacon (5560%) naxonrcx n uacrntx pyxax n oxono 1% n nenpann-
rentcrnenntx, noncranuecxnx n nesaxonntx noopyxenntx ]opmnponannxx.
Kaxym mnnyry n mnpe n xoe noopyxenntx cronxnonenn c ncnontso-
nannem HCO nornaer onn uenonex, n mnoxecrno nme nonyuamr panennx.
Crarncrnxa ronopnr cama sa cex: oem nponsnocrna oenpnnacon x crpen-
xonomy opyxnm ocrnraer, npnnnsnrentno, 14 mnp narponon n ro no na
na xaxoro uenonexa; exerono nopxxa 1 mnn e. crpenxonoro opyxnx me-
nxmr xosxen n pesyntrare xpaxn nnn yrepn
112
.
ocrynnocrt crpenxonoro opyxnx n couerannn c +xonomnuecxnm nnn ro-
cyapcrnenntm xpnsncom npnnonno x nepexoy or cxptrtx npornnopeun x
noopyxenntm xon]nnxram. Hmenno rax +ro nponsomno n 3axanxaste n nauane
1990-x roon. Hocne pasena conercxoro noennoro nmymecrna n ntnoa poc-
cncxnx nocx nontm rocyapcrnenntm opasonannxm ocranoct oxono 260
rtc. e. HCO. Ha Fanxanax nocne pasrpanennx rocyapcrnenntx opyxe-
ntx apcenanon n Anannn n 1997 r. n oopor nonano oxono 630 rtc. e.
HCO, n mexnannonantnte xon]nnxrt n Kocono n Maxeonnn nepemnn n
noopyxennym cranm.
Kon]nnxrorenntmn moryr trt n nerantnte nocranxn HCO, ecnn onn
nyr npaspes c npnnnnnom coornercrnnx nocranox opyxnx norpenocrxm
crpant, xoropax ero noxynaer. K npnmepy, CBA n 2001 r. nepeann 3cronnn c
apmne n 4 rtc. noennocnyxamnx 44 rtc. e. anromarnuecxoro opyxnx (no
11 e. na xaxoro noennocnyxamero). Bosnnxaer nonpoc: sauem, net +ro xn-
no upenaro ecrannnsanne cnryannn?
Ha opyxenom nsnece cnennannsnpymrcx nopxxa 1200 uacrntx xom-
nann onee uem n 90 crpanax mnpa. K neymnm mnpontm +xcnoprepam HCO,
oemt npoax npoyxnnn xoroptx ocrnramr 100 mnn onn. n ro, ornocxr-
cx (n nopxxe ytnannx) CBA, Hrannx, Iepmannx, Ancrpnx, nonnx, Bne-
napnx, Pu, Knra, upannnx, Rxnax Kopex, Fentrnx n Hcnannx.

crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee acnexrax n opte c ne, 27
anrycra 7 cenrxpx 2012 r. ), exerono or nynt n mnpe rnnyr oxono 500 rtc. uenonex.
109
ox. OOH. S/PV.6288 (Resumption 1) or 19 mapra 2010 r.
110
oxna Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Crpenxonoe opyxne. ox. OOH. S/2011/255
or 5 anpenx 2011 r.
111
Osop crpenxonoro opyxnx 2012: nnxymnecx nenn, <www.smallarmssurvey.org>.
112
Fonee nopono na +ry remy cm.: < http://amnesty.org.ru/controlarms-info>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 663
B nocnenee npemx x npnsnanntm nnepam n ene nponsnocrna HCO
oannnnct nonte crpant: Fpasnnnx, Hnnx, Hspannt, Haxncran, Ernner,
Tanant, RAP, Rxnax Kopex.
Xorx CBA n Pu ne nynnxymr o]nnnantno cnonx anntx no +xcnopry
HCO, cunraercx, uro na onm CBA npnxonrcx nopxxa 40% mnponoro +xc-
nopra HCO, a na Pu npnmepno 7%. Hantmy nepnencrna n +xcnopre HCO
epxnr Enponecxn coms (EC). B uacrnom nontsonannn n crpanax EC, x
npnmepy, naxonrcx 67 mnn e. ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, nnn 17 crnonon na
xaxte 100 uenonex. (B CBA na pyxax y nacenennx naxoxrcx or 238 o
276 mnn e. opyxnx, nnn no onomy crnony na xaxoro xnrenx.)
Kpynnemnmn nmnoprepamn, saxynammnm HCO n oemax ne menee
100 mnn onn. n ro, xnnxmrcx CBA, Bennxopnrannx, Cayoncxax Apannx,
Ancrpannx, Kanaa, Iepmannx, upannnx, crpant Cpenero n Fnnxnero Boc-
roxa n Cenepno A]pnxn.
Xorx npnneennte annte nonyuent na ocnone onynnxonanntx ramo-
xenntx cneenn, neocrarounax rpancnapenrnocrt n rocyapcrnenntx orue-
rax xpynntx n menxnx +xcnoprepon ne aer nosmoxnocrn cunrart +rn cneennx
aconmrno ocronepntmn, nocxontxy anexo ne ncera rocyapcrna pacxptna-
mr nn]opmannm o xpynntx cenxax n pamxax nerantno ropronnn HCO.
Hmemmnecx onenxn rpancnapenrnocrn rocyapcrnenno nn]opmannn
no npoaxe nnn saxynxam HCO n camtx omnx ueprax noxastnamr, uro ona
ocrarouno oexrnnna nx enponecxnx rocyapcrn n Cenepno Amepnxn,
uero conepmenno nentsx cxasart o A]pnxe, Asnn n Cpenem n Fnnxnem
Bocroxe. Tax, n coornercrnnn c apomerpom rpancnapenrnocrn, xoropt pac-
cunrtnaercx exerono xenencxnm Hncrnryrom mexynapontx nccneona-
nn, npn maxcnmantnom yponne rpancnapenrnocrn n ornomennn nocranox
HCO, onennnaemom n 25 annon, cpenn noxasarent nx 52 crpan, no xoro-
ptm nmenact xort xaxax-ro nn]opmannx no +rnm nonpocam, cocrannxn n
2011 r. 11.2 anna, uro nourn na na nponenra xyxe no cpannennm c npet-
ymnm room. Hanontmym rpancnapenrnocrt npoemoncrpnponann Bne-
napnx (21.0 ann), Bennxopnrannx (19.75) n Pymtnnx (19.0). CBA no +romy
noxasarenm naxoxrcx na 14-m mecre (15.0), Yxpanna na 40-m (8.0), a Kn-
ra na 45-m (7.0). Hosnnnn Poccnn no orxptrocrn nn]opmannn o ropronne
HCO nectma cnate. Ona naxonrcx n xonne cnncxa nxrnecxrn nyx, sa-
nnmax 47-e mecro. Hocne Poccnn nyr rontxo Cayoncxax Apannx (2.75),
RAP (2.0) n rpn crpant c nyneno rpancnapenrnocrtm Hpan, Cenepnax
Kopex n OA3
113
.
Cnryannx c pacnpocrpanennem raxoro opyxnx craner eme menee rpanc-
napenrno, ecnn x yxasanno ntme ome xapaxrepncrnxe mnponoro oopora
HCO npnconoxynnrt oopor nenerantno ropronnn HCO, xoropt, no anro-
pnrerntm ncrounnxam, cocrannxer ne menee 34 mnp onn. n ro, a raxxe
exeront nepexo oxono 1 mnn e. HCO ns nerantno n nesaxonnym c]epy.
Tontxo 5060% mnponoro oema ropronnn HCO xnnxercx saxonntm, oc-
rantnte nocranxn ocymecrnnxmrcx no ceptm n uepntm cxemam. B A]-
ranncrane, x npnmepy, nacunrtnaercx nopxxa 10 mnn e. nesaxonnoro HCO,
n 3anano A]pnxe npnmepno 7 mnn n n Henrpantno Amepnxe oxono

113
Tam xe.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 664
2 mnn e.
114
Yrposy nenerantnoro pacnpocrpanennx opyxnx ycnnnno ro o-
croxrentcrno, uro nponsomno yemennenne crpenxonoro opyxnx: n nexoroptx
paonax mnpa anromar AK-47 moxno tno npnopecrn sa memox xyxypyst,
r. e. sa 2030 onn. CBA. Cneyer nouepxnyrt nannune cnxsn mexy nene-
rantntm ooporom HCO n ooporom napxornxon, xoropax npocnexnnaercx n
coornercrnymmnx oxnaax Ynpannennx OOH no napxornxam
115
.
Cymecrnyer mnoxecrno xananon ntnoa opyxnx na nenerantnte ptnxn
n nonaannx HCO n nesaxonnt oopor. Cpen nnx nanontmee snauenne
nmemr cneymmne: a) yreuxa nnyrpn rocyapcrna ncnecrnne xnmennx, e-
crnn xoppymnnponanntx onxnocrntx nnn nnn pacnaa cncremt rocyap-
crnennoro xonrponx; ) ]antcn]nxannx ceprn]nxaron xoneunoro nontsonare-
nx nnn napymenne oxsarentcrn n ornomennn xoneunoro nontsonarenx;
n) nepeaua menxnx naprn opyxnx, saxonno npnoperennoro n onom rocy-
apcrne, n cocenee rocyapcrno; r) npannrentcrnennte nocranxn nerocyap-
crnenntm opasonannxm nnn crpanam, n ornomennn xoroptx ecrnymr +m-
apro, nneennte CF OOH, nnn pyrne orpannuennx; e) saxnar opyxnx na
none ox (noennte rpo]en). Hpn +rom nanonee pacnpocrpanenntm mapmpy-
rom nx nesaxonno nepenosxn HCO n oenpnnacon x nemy xnnxercx rax na-
stnaemax mypantnnax ropronnx
116
.
.
Knaccnuecxnm npnmepom nesaxonntx nocranox moryr cnyxnrt annte o
nennnensnonnom, r. e. nesaxonnom, nponsnocrne HCO poccncxoro opasna,
xoropoe nponsnonnoct n n ontmnncrne cnyuaen npoonxaer nponsnonrtcx
mnornmn crpanamn, panee nxonnmnmn n Oprannsannm Bapmancxoro oro-
nopa (OB), n pyxecrnenntmn CCCP nnxnenocrountmn, a]pnxancxnmn,
asnarcxnmn pexnmamn.
B nepeuent raxnx opasnon HCO nxoxr: 7.62 mm nncroner Tyntcxn-
Toxapen (TT) opasna 1930 r. maccono nponsnonncx n Knrae (o cepennt
1980-x roon), Anannn, Cenepno Kopee; 9 mm nncroner Maxapona opasna
1951 r. o cnx nop nponsnonrcx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, ntnycxancx n
Hontme, Fonrapnn, Pymtnnn; 7.62 mm nncroner-nynemer Cyaena (HHC) o-
pasna 1943 r. nponsnonncx maccono n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, IP, Rro-

114
Fonee nopono no +romy nonpocy cm.: Boenno-rexnnuecxoe corpynnuecrno Poccnn c
nnocrpanntmn rocyapcrnamn: ocnont, nponemt n nepcnexrnnt. / Ho pe. H. H. Kannnn-
no. M.: HM3MO PAH, 2010. C. 7077.
115
Hocnenne annte no +romy nonpocy tnn npecrannent n Osope ocymecrnnennx
Konnennnn OOH npornn rpancnannonantno oprannsonanno npecrynnocrn n nporoxo-
non x ne: Hporoxona npornn nesaxonnoro nsroronnennx n oopora ornecrpentnoro opy-
xnx, ero cocranntx uacre n xomnonenron, a raxxe oenpnnacon x nemy. ox. OOH.
CTOC/COP/2012/12 or 8 anrycra 2012 r.
116
Mypantnnax ropronnx npecrannxer coo ]opmy nesaxonnoro oopora, xora
nmemr mecro mnorouncnennte nocranxn neontmnx naprn opyxnx, xoropte co npe-
menem nosnonxmr ne nmemmnm coornercrnymmnx paspemenn xoneuntm nontsonare-
nxm naxonnrt xpynnte sanact nesaxonno npnoperennoro opyxnx. 3rn nyrn nocrynne-
nnx HCO ns saxonnoro n nesaxonnt oopor ocrarouno uerxo npocnexent, x npnmepy, n
Osope crpenxonoro opyxnx 2012: nnxymnecx nenn (<www.smallarmssurvey.org>), n xo-
ropom npoanannsnponant annte o 80 rtc. e. nesaxonnoro HCO, ncnontsonannoro n A]ra-
nncrane, Hpaxe n Comann, xoropte, xax npannno, npecrannxnn coo opasnt mrypmontx
nnnronox rnna anromara Kanamnnxona (nepcnn conercxoro n xnracxoro opyxnx, paspaoran-
nte necxontxo ecxrnnern nasa).
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 665
cnannn; 7.62 mm camosapxnt xapann Cnmonona (CKC) opasna 1945 r.
o cnx nop nponsnonrcx n Knrae, ntnycxancx n Benrpnn, uexocnonaxnn,
Hontme, Fonrapnn, Pymtnnn, Btername, Cenepno Kopee, na Kye, n Ernnre;
7.62 mm anromar Kanamnnxona opasna 1947 r. n 5.45 mm anromar Kanamnnxo-
na opasna 1974 r. nponsnonnnct nnn nponsnoxrcx npnnnsnrentno n 30
crpanax; 7.62 mm pornt nynemer cncremt errxpena opasna 1946 r. (PH-
46) ntnycxancx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, na Kye, n Hontme, Benrpnn;
7.62 mm pyuno nynemer cncremt errxpena opasna 1944 r. (PH) ntnyc-
xancx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, Btername, Ernnre; 7.62 mm pyuno nynemer
Kanamnnxona opasna 1961 r., 7.62 mm ennt nynemer Kanamnnxona opas-
na 1961 r., 5.45 mm pyuno nynemer Kanamnnxona opasna 1974 r. nponsno-
xrcx n KHP, KHP, Hontme, Benrpnn, Fonrapnn, Pymtnnn, Cnpnn, nponsno-
nnnct n Ernnre, Rrocnannn, uexocnonaxnn; 7.62 mm cnanepcxax nnnronxa
parynona (CB) ntnycxaercx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, Hontme, ntnyc-
xanact n uexocnonaxnn, Rrocnannn; 12.7 mm xpynnoxannepnt nynemer
errxpena, Bnarnna opasna 1939 r. (BK) ntnycxancx n Knrae, Cenepno
Kopee, Haxncrane, Hpane, Hpaxe, uexocnonaxnn; 14.5 mm xpynnoxannepnt
nynemer Bnanmnpona (KHB) opasna 1949 r. ntnycxaercx n Knrae (n rom
uncne sennrnte ycranonxn na ero ase), ntnycxancx n uexocnonaxnn; 23 mm
cnapennax sennrnax ycranonxa 3Y-23 ntnycxaercx n Knrae, Hontme, npo-
nsnonnact n uexocnonaxnn, Ernnre, Hpaxe, unnnxnnn; pyunte npornno-
ranxonte rpanaromert PHI-2 n PHI-7, cranxont rpanaromer CHI-9 nt-
nycxamrcx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, Btername, ntnycxannct n uexocnona-
xnn, IP, Rrocnannn, Hpaxe, Hnnnn, Ernnre, Hnnn; nepenocnte sennrnte
ynpannxemte xomnnexct cepnn Crpena-2.3 ntnycxannct n Knrae, Hont-
me, IP, Fonrapnn, Ernnre, Pymtnnn, Rrocnannn; nepenocnte npornnoran-
xonte paxernte xomnnexct Manmrxa n uaror ntnycxannct n Knrae,
Hontme, uexocnonaxnn, IP, Ernnre, Hpaxe, Hnnn; 82 mm arantonnte mn-
nomert ntnycxamrcx n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, ntnycxannct n uexocnona-
xnn, Benrpnn, Hontme, Pymtnnn; 82 n 107 mm esorxarnte opynx F-10 n F-
11 nponsnonnnct n Knrae, Cenepno Kopee, Cnpnn
117
.
Hanontmee xonnuecrno xonrpa]axrno npoyxnnn ornocnrcx x pasnnu-
ntm mapxam anromara Kanamnnxona (AK). Macmra nesaxonntx npoax xa-
namnnxontx raxon, uro nx anrop nanpannn cnoe opamenne x unenam OOH, n
xoropom npnsnan ocranonnrt +ror nponecc ncemn ocrynntmn cnocoamn
118
.
3anepmax xparxn ananns nerantnoro n nenerantnoro oopora HCO,
cneyer oparnrtcx x cnonam Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH Han In Myna,
cxasanntm nm na saceannn IA OOH 19 cenrxpx 2012 r., nocnxmennom no-
no mnpornopuecxo nnnnnarnne OOH, nonyunnme nasnanne Kyntrypa mn-
pa: Mnponte nnept onxnt nonxrt, uro orpomnte rpart crpan na noo-

117
Cocranneno no marepnanam: Iyouu A. B. Poccncxoe nerxoe n crpenxonoe opyxne: npo-
nemt esnnnensnonnoro nponsnocrna sa pyexom. oxna. M.: Hpana uenonexa, 2007.
118
Cm. opamenne M. T. Kanamnnxona x yuacrnnxam n rocrxm Kon]epennnn OOH no o-
sopy ntnonnennx Hporpammt ecrnn no npeornpamennm, npornnoecrnnm n ncxopene-
nnm nesaxonno ropronnn nerxnm n crpenxontm opyxnem. Htm-Hopx 26 nmnx7 nmnx
2006 r. Cnpanouno: no anntm OAO Pocoopon+xcnopr, xoropt xnnxercx n Poccnn enncr-
nenntm rocyapcrnenntm nocpennxom no npoaxe opyxnx, exeront ymep or nesaxon-
no npoaxn anromaron Kanamnnxona cocrannxer onee 2.0 mnp onn.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 666
pyxennx, xoropte mnoroxparno npenocxoxr pacxot na mennnny n opaso-
nanne, xnnxmrcx nepnonpnunno xon]nnxron n neyr x nce ontmemy crpa-
annm nme B mnpe exenenno rparnrcx na opyxne nnoe ontme roo-
noro mxera OOH na mnccnm no nponnxennm mnpa, npan uenonexa n
pasnnrnx. Hpn +rom Han In Myn ormernn, uro n 2011 r. na noennte nyxt
norpaueno 1.7 rpnn onn.


Meaynaponan o1ue1noc1t no ACO

Ceronx enncrnenntm mexynapontm mexannsmom xonrponx sa ne-
rantntm ooporom HCO xnnxercx npecrannenne coornercrnymmnx anntx n
Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm (anee no rexcry Perncrp)
119
.
Co npemenn oopennx pexomenannn IA OOH n 2003 r. o oponontnom
npecrannennn n Perncrp orueron o nocranxax HCO raxax nn]opmannx oc-
rynna no nectma orpannuennomy uncny rocyapcrn. K npnmepy, n 2003 r. ee
npecrannnn nxrt rocyapcrn, n 2004 r. mecrt, n 2005 r. nxrt. Hocne nne-
ennx n 2006 r. cranaprnsnponanntx oruerntx ]opm o raxnx nocranxax na-
nmancx nexoropt pocr orueron no HCO. Onaxo onn no-npexnemy anexn
or anntx no ncrnnnomy mnponomy oopory HCO. Hexoropte oomennx no
+romy nonpocy amrcx n ran. 2.

Tannna 2. Cnonme annme no +xcnop1y B n BT n ACO
Cocmae.eua no: Reporting on international transfers of SALW. As of 15 December 2010/
United Nations Register Of Conventional Arms, <http://www.poa-iss.org/UNRegister/2010%20
SALW%20reporting%20to%20UN%20Register.pdf>.
Hcmo:uur: * C exerontmn orueramn n pyro coornercrnymme nn]opmanne, xacam-
mecx Perncrpa otuntx noopyxenn, moxno osnaxomnrtcx na ne-care Ynpannennx OOH
no pasopyxennm: <http://www un.org/disarmament/convarms/Register>. Bosmoxno, annte sa
2011 r. n nocneymmem yyr orxoppexrnponant, ecnn oruert nexoroptx rocyapcrn nocry-
nxr n xonne 2012 r. nnn n nauane 2013 r. Ho xpane mepe n npetymne rot, xax noxasan
ananns, saepxxa npecrannennx nn]opmannn o ycranonnenntx cpoxax cocrannxna mnoro
mecxnen, nnnort o roa.
** annte npnneent rontxo no uncny crpan +xcnoprepon HCO, npecrannnmnx cnon
cneennx n Perncrp. Hanomnnm, uro omee uncno crpan +xcnoprepon HCO cocrannxer no-
pxxa 90100.

119
erantnt osop npetcropnn cosannx Perncrpa n xpononornn mep ero cranonnennx
npecrannen n oxnae Ipynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron O nyrxx n cpecrnax coe-
crnnx nontmennm rpancnapenrnocrn n mexynapontx nocranxax otunoro opyxnx. ox.
OOH. A/46/301 IA OOH or 9 cenrxpx 1991 r.
Hncno rocyapc1n, npec1annnmnx n Pernc1p OOH annme
o +xcnop1e omunmx noopyaennn sa 20042011 rr.
Bnm
noc1anox
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*
B n BT 115 117 117 113 91 80 70 36
HCO** 6 5 18 27 23 19 22 14
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 667
3a nocnenne na roa n uncno crpan, npecrannnmnx n Perncrp oruert
o +xcnopre HCO, nomnn: 1) 2010 r. Anoppa, Ancrpnx, Ancrpannx, Focnnx
n Iepneronnna, Fonrapnx, Bennxopnrannx, Benrpnx, Iepmannx, Ipennx, Ka-
naa, Hnxrenmren, Hnepnant, Pecnynnxa Kopex, Pymtnnx, Cepnx,
Cnonaxnx, Bnenapnx, Tpnnna n Toaro, Typnnx, Yxpanna, Xopnarnx n ue-
xnx; 2) 2011 r. Anannx, Ancrpannx, unnn, upannnx, Hnrna, Hnepnant,
Hopnernx, Hontma, Cnonaxnx, Cnonennx, Bennxopnrannx, Fonrapnx, Pymt-
nnx, Bnennx, r. e. rontxo 14 crpan.
Perncrp, no cyrn, xnnxercx crarncrnuecxnm nncrpymenrapnem, n pamxax
xoroporo axe yurennte nerantnte nocranxn HCO ne nosnonxmr npoanann-
snponart nx nosmoxnoe ecrannnsnpymmee nnnxnne. urot yenrtcx n
+rom, ocrarouno npnnecrn nexoropte ntopounte annte ns o]nnnantntx
orueron rocyapcrn, npecrannnmnx cneennx n Perncrp o +xcnopre pasntx
nnon n rnnon HCO sa nocnenne rpn roa.
Hocranxn crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn pasntx xareropn n
peantno n norennnantno necranntnte crpant ocymecrnnxnn:
2009 r.: Fonrapnx n Ionypac, Hemen, Haxncran, A]ranncran, Hnre-
pnm, Forcnany, Innnem, 3]nonnm, Hpax, Konro; Focnnx n Iepneronnna n
Hemen; Bennxopnrannx n Faxpen, Fapaoc, Kennm, Karap, Haxncran,
3amnm, Tpnnna n Toaro, Faxpen, Iany, Hnnan, Tansannm; Iepmannx n
Faxpen, Fyran, ua, Karap, Ypyrna, Ianrn; annx n Forcnany, 3]nonnm,
3amnm; Hcnannx n 3xnaop; Hopnernx n A]ranncran; Pymtnnx n Hn-
epnm, Fennn; Cepnx n A]ranncran, Kamepyn, Faxpen, Hamnnm, Haxn-
cran, Pyany, Yrany, Konro, Iany; Yxpanna n Ipysnm, Bpn-Hanxy, Kennm,
Hnnan, ua; Bnenapnx n Karap, Fpyne, Hnnan, Kyner
120
.
2010 r.: Ancrpnx n Anxnp, A]ranncran, 3amnm, Hopannm, Hpax,
Ernner, Karap, Kennm, Kyner, Hamnnm, Hnxaparya, Oman, OA3, Haparna,
Hepy, Cantnaop, Cayoncxym Apannm, Ypyrna, Rxnym A]pnxy; Fonra-
pnx n Anxnp, A]ranncran, Hemen, Yrany, Rxnym A]pnxy, 3]nonnm;
Bennxopnrannx n A]ranncran, Faxpen, Ipysnm, 3amnm, Hopannm,
Hpax, Kennm, Kyner, Oman, OA3, Cayoncxym Apannm, Tansannm; Iepma-
nnx n Faxpen, Karap, Kyner, Oman, OA3, Cayoncxym Apannm; Benrpnx
n Cayoncxym Apannm; Kanaa n Cayoncxym Apannm, Ypyrna; Hnepnan-
t n Kennm, Rxnym A]pnxy; Typnnx n Inaremany, Ionypac, Ipysnm,
3amnm, Hpan, Ernner, Konymnm, Hamnnm, Cantnaop, Cnpnm, Haxncran,
Tansannm, Ypyrna, Rxnym A]pnxy; Yxpanna n Kennm, Konro, Haxncran,
Yrany
121
.
2011 r.: Ancrpannx n Haxncran, HanyaHonym Innnem, Camoa, Rx-
nym A]pnxy, Tonra, Banyary; Anannx n Fypxnna-uaco; Fonrapnx n Ern-
ner, Anxnp, Rxnym A]pnxy, Kamepyn, Fypxnna-uaco, Hpax, Ipysnm, 3]no-
nnm, Hanamy, OA3, A]ranncran; Bennxopnrannx n Faxpen, xnyrn,
Kennm, Hamnnm, Hnrepnm, Oman, Rxnym A]pnxy, OA3, 3amnm, Hpax,
Tansannm, Haxncran, Forcnany, Konymnm, Iamnm, Kyner, Hnnan, Henan,

120
O xonnuecrnax n xareropnxx npoanntx HCO n nepeuncnennte n pyrne crpant, ne
ornocxmnecx x necranntntm, cm.: ox. OOH. A/65/113 or 15 nmnx 2010 r.
121
Kareropnn nocrannenntx HCO n nx xonnuecrno cm. <http://www.un-register.org/ Smal-
lArms/Index.aspx>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 668
Haparna, Cayoncxym Apannm, Ypyrna, A]ranncran, Fpyne; Hnepnan-
t n Tansannm; Hontma n A]ranncran, Cayoncxym Apannm, Hpax; Cno-
naxnx n Henrpantno-A]pnxancxym Pecnynnxy, Ernner, Pyany, Haparna,
Knprnsnm, Yrany, Rxnym A]pnxy; Cnonennx n A]ranncran; upannnx n
Toro, Karap, Haxncran; unnn n Cantnaop, Kocra-Pnxy
122
.
Honxrno, uro nn ono ns nepeuncnenntx ntme rocyapcrn ne naxonrcx
no nonntm +mapro OOH, nnaue HCO o]nnnantno rya ne morno t nocry-
nart, no ecnn nnnmarentno nocmorpert na nepeuent +rnx crpan, ro conep-
menno ouennno, uro ontmnncrno ns nnx naxonrcx n xpnsncntx pernonax,
ntstnammnx nocroxnnym osaouennocrt mexynaponoro coomecrna. O-
naxo orcnexnnanne nnamnxn pocra noennoro norennnana n necranntntx
crpanax, npornosnponanne yrpost nosnnxnonennx noenntx xon]nnxron n,
nosmoxno, npeynpexenne nx pasnnrnx n pamxax Perncrpa OOH no otu-
ntm noopyxennxm ne npononrcx. Xorx raxo ananns mor t ocymecrnnxrt-
cx, ecnn t y nonnrnxon tno uerxoe nonnmanne, uro raxoe ecrannnsn-
pymmee naxonnenne, xoroporo o nacroxmero npemenn ner.
Fonee erantnax xapaxrepncrnxa +xcnopra HCO sa nocnenne rot
npecrannena n ran. 3, annte xoropo nosnonxmr onennrt, nacxontxo orpo-
men oopor HCO n xonnuecrnennom ntpaxennn (onee 6 mnn e. es yuera VI
xareropnn crpenxonoro opyxnx, r. e. oenpnnacon) axe npn rom nonnmannn,
uro on cymecrnenno mentme ncrnnnoro oopora, nocxontxy cneennx n Pe-
rncrp npecrannxmr menee 25% or omero uncna crpan +xcnoprepon HCO.
Hs npnneenntx n rannne anntx ocoenno opamaer na cex nnnma-
nne pocr nocranox nerxnx noopyxenn xareropnn V H3PK n HTYP, uncno
xoroptx rontxo n 2010 r. cocrannno nourn 3 rtc. e. Hmenno H3PK n nocne-
nne rot crann nce uame ncnontsonartcx n noenntx xon]nnxrax n nx nerant-
noe n nenerantnoe pacnpocrpanenne cranonnrcx rononno ontm mexy-
naponoro coomecrna
123
.
Hanonee xpynnte nponsnonrenn HCO, xaxontmn xnnxmrcx Pu n
CBA, cneennx o +xcnopre n Perncrp ne npecrannxmr, no+romy rounte
oemt raxnx nocranox nensnecrnt n nx onenxa sarpynena. Tem ne menee na
ocnone orptnouno nn]opmannn ns pasnnuntx ncrounnxon CMH moxno
npenonoxnrt, uro exeronte oemt poccncxoro HCO na +xcnopr cocran-
nxmr 150300 mnn onn. Hpn +rom ontmax uacrt +ro cymmt npnxonrcx na
camoe oporoe opyxne +roro xnacca H3PK n HTYP, ocnonntmn noxynare-

122
O xonnuecrnax n xareropnxx npoanntx HCO n nepeuncnennte n pyrne crpant, ne
ornocxmnecx x xareropnn necranntntx, cm.: ox. OOH. A/67/212 or 30 nmnx 2012 r. n
A/67/212/Add.1 or 21 cenrxpx 2012 r.
123
Ocoennocrtm H3PK xnnxmrcx nx nosmoxnocrn no nopaxennm ne rontxo rpaxancxnx,
no n noenntx camoneron na paccroxnnn or 5 o 7 xm. Fontmax uacrt paxer +roro nna HCO,
nxnmuax, x npnmepy, cncremt CA conercxoro (poccncxoro) nponsnocrna, amepnxancxo
H3PK Crnnrep, xnracxo Banrap, nmemr mant nec n camonanoxrcx na nent no ee
nn]paxpacnomy (rennonomy) nsnyuennm. O +]]exrnnnocrn +ro xareropnn HCO moxno cy-
nrt xorx t noromy, uro sa npemx nont n A]ranncrane amepnxancxnmn Crnnrepamn t-
nn cnrt oxono 270 conercxnx camoneron n neproneron. B reuenne nocnennx 20 ner or H3PK
nce ontme crpaamr rpaxancxne camonert, nerammne na paonamn noenntx xon]nnxron.
Hanonee nsnecrntm nanaennem c ncnontsonannem H3PK crano noxymenne, conepmennoe n
anpene 1994 r., xora tn ynr npesnenr Pyant.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 669
nxmn xoroporo xnnxmrcx crpant A]pnxn, Asnn, Fnnxnero Bocroxa, nexoro-
pte rocyapcrna Harnncxo Amepnxn n crpant CHI
124
.
Hsnecrno o nocranxax poccncxoro HCO n Anxnp, Hnnnm, 3]nonnm,
Hamnnm, Kennm, Hopannm, 3pnrpem, Oman, Hnnm, Hnonesnm, Fyran,
Ysexncran n pyrne crpant CHI. B xonnuecrnennom nsmepennn nanonee
macmrant nocranxn anromaron Kanamnnxona. Ho onenxam nexoroptx +xc-
nepron, sa 50 c nnmnnm ner n mnpe nponsneeno oxono 100 mnn AK pasnnu-
ntx mon]nxann n ceronx anromar cocronr na noopyxennn onee uem n 50
rocyapcrnax. Ho pyrnm anntm, omee xonnuecrno nponsneenntx no ncem
mnpe AK n ero mon]nxann anno nepemarnyno cromnnnnonnt pyex, n
anromar cocronr na noopyxennn onee 80 crpan mnpa
125
. Benecy+na, x npnme-
py, saxynnna 100 rtc. anromaron Kanamnnxona n npnopena npano na crpon-
rentcrno sanoa no nnnensnonnomy nponsnocrny nanonee conepmenntx
anromaron AK-103 n narponon xannpa 7.62 mm. Ho anntm M. Kanamnnxona,
cpeneroono poccncxn oem nocranox crpenxonoro opyxnx, cpecrn
nnxnero ox n oenpnnacon x nnm cocrannxer: no crpenxonomy opyxnm n
cpecrnam nnxnero ox 130150 rtc. e.; no oenpnnacam 150200 mnn
e.
126

Btcoxoxonxypenrntmn poccncxnmn opasnamn crpenxonoro opyxnx,
xpome AK no ncex ero mon]nxannxx, ocramrcx anromar Aaxan, xpynno-
xannepnt nynemer Kop, cnanepcxne nnnronxn parynona, nncroner-
nynemer Fnson no narpon 9 x 19 mm, a raxxe cnennantnoe opyxne, nont-
symmeecx ocotm cnpocom n opte c mexynapontm reppopnsmom, n rom
uncne ecmymnax cnanepcxax nnnronxa BCC, ecmymnt anromar AC, 18-
sapxnt nncroner Impsa, nonont anromar AHC, nonont nncroner
CHH, crpenxmmn nox pasneunxa HPC n nexoropte pyrne. Cpen xarero-
pn HCO, ornocxmnxcx x nerxnm noopyxennem, nanontmnm cnpocom nont-
symrcx pasnnunte rnnt H3PK n HTYP.
B CBA nponsnocrnom crpenxonoro opyxnx sannmaercx oxono 200 ua-
crntx xomnann, no nponsnocrno oenoro HCO cocpeoroueno n ocnonnom n
rpex xomnannxx: General Dynamics (ero nopasenenne Saco Defense),
FN Manufacturing (nopasenenne entrncxo Herstal Group) n Colt's
Manufacturing.
Saco Defense cnennannsnpyercx na nponsnocrne rxxentx nynemeron
M-2, M-19 n M-60. Colt's Manufacturing nponsnonr nnnronxn M-16 n xapa-
nnt M-4. FN Manufacturing ntnycxaer nomnmo M-16 nynemert M-249 n
M-240. Cpen nponsnonrene rpaxancxoro HCO nnepamn xnnxmrcx xomna-
nnn Sturm, Ruger Co, Smith&Wesson, Remington Arms, VS Repeating
Arms Co, (nopasenenne Herstal Group) n Beretta USA Corporation.

124
Io.ommr P. Hponemt xonrponx na HCO na nocrconercxom npocrpancrne: ontr no-
cnenero ecxrnnernx n nnxamax nepcnexrnna // epnt xonrpont. 2002. X 3. C. 53.
125
Hoeu:roe H. Herxoe crpenxonoe opyxne: cnpoc na nero pacrer c xaxtm room/ Iasera
BHK. X 35 (452) 2012. 5 cenr.
126
Cm.: Hnrep]axc or 26.05.2005. B Poccnn ocnonntmn nenrpamn nponsnocrna crpenxo-
noro opyxnx xnnxmrcx Hxencx, Tyna, Konpon. B Hxencxe (Hxmam n Hxencxn mexann-
uecxn sano) nponsnonrcx o 85% ncero crpenxonoro opyxnx Poccnn, npnmepno 10% nt-
nycxaer Bxrcxo-Honxncxn sano Monor n nopxxa 5% npnxonrcx na onm Tyntcxoro
opyxenoro sanoa.


6
7
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C
H
E
H
H
A
H
B
H
O
E

H
P
H
H
O

E
H
H
E

H
M
J
M
O

Tannna 3. 3xcnop1 ACO sa nepno 20062010 rr. (e.)
C1penxonoe opyane Aerxne noopyaennn
Ka1eropnn

Ka1eropnn Io
I II III IV V VI I II III IV V VI VII
2006 208613 223689 33800 27565 5368 16102 1412 11376 3287 2310 481 100 11
2007 794697 975187 104045 193650 14890 328 2469 4645 2 162 701 10 30
2008 575371 549387 47019 271494 9768 45 6455 21263 132 5294 244 137
2009 261536 599791 36552 94130 83964 64319521
4
11303 13303 1104 5061 59 366 159
2010 104385 350004 100450 105382 25513 315 12338 20347 606 7223 2966 222 14
Bcero 1944602 2698058 321866 692221 139503 64336311 33977 70934 5131 20050 4451 835 214

Hpu+e:auu: cneennx, npecrannxemte nexoroptmn rocyapcrnamn n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopyxennxm ornocnrentno +xcnop-
ra/nmnopra HCO, crann oomartcx c 2006 r. Fonee nopono o nocranxax orentntx crpan cm.: <http://www.un-register.org/SmallArms/
Index.aspx>. Ho cocroxnnm na cepenny 2012 r., nroronte annte sa 2011 r. orcyrcrnonann. Kareropnn crpenxonoro opyxnx: I penontnept
n camosapxnte nncronert; II nnnronxn n xapannt; III nncronert-nynemert; IV mrypmonte nnnronxn; V pyunte nynemert; VI
npouee (crnont nx crpenxonoro opyxnx, narpont n pyrne xomnnexrymmne). Kareropnn nerxnx noopyxenn: I rxxente nynemert; II
pyunte nocrnontnte n cranxonte rpanaromert; III npornnoranxonte pyxtx n rpanaromert; IV esorxarnte opynx; V nepenocnte
npornnoranxonte paxert (H3PK) n npornnoranxonte ynpannxemte paxert (HTYP); VI mnnomert xannpom menee 75 mm; VII npouee
(sennrnte ycranonxn pasnoro xannpa, nymxn 2A42 xannpa 30 mm n xomnnexrymmne).
4
Hs yxasannoro n rannnne xonnuecrna no VI xare-
ropnn 64 319 500 e. nocrannent Ananne. B ocnonnom nocranxn nxnmuann +xcnopr narponon xannpa 12.7 x 0.8 mm n mnnomerntx mnn
xannpa 82 mm n 120 mm. Hs yxasannoro xonnuecrna 60 mnn narponon nocranneno n uexnm, onee 4.0 mnn n Hemen, ocrantnoe xonnuecrno
n Fypynn n uepnoropnm.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 671
B cpenem exeront oem amepnxancxoro +xcnopra HCO no ncem npo-
rpammam onennnaercx n 1.2 mnp onn. (n45 pas ontme, uem n Poccnn), ns
xoroptx na HTYP rparnrcx npnmepno 775 mnn onn., na H3PK 102 mnn
onn., n na nce ocrantnte xareropnn HCO oxono 275 mnn onn. Ioono
oem nponsnocrna HCO ncex xareropn n CBA cocrannxer oxono 4 mnn e.,
uro cocrannxer npnmepno nononnny mnponoro oema nponsnocrna. Ocnon-
ntmn noxynarenxmn amepnxancxoro HCO xnnxmrcx sananoenponecxne
crpant, nonnx, Hspannt, Tanant, Cayoncxax Apannx n Ernner.


Mepm orpannuennn pacnpoc1panennn ACO: xponnxa com1nn

ecrannnsnpymmee nosecrnne ]axropa ncnontsonannx HCO n noo-
pyxenntx xon]nnxrax, npnmept uemy tnn npecrannent ntme, sacrannxer
mexynaponoe coomecrno ncxart nyrn, orpannunnammne nponecc pacnpo-
crpanennx nerantnoro n nenerantnoro HCO, cpen xoroptx rnanencrnymmee
snauenne nmeer paspaorxa pasnnuntx cornamenn (oronopon, xonnennn,
nporpamm) mnponoro n pernonantnoro ]opmara.
Mexynaponoe npano n +ro onacrn nocroxnno nononnxercx oxymen-
ramn n pexnmamn, xoropte npnsnant orneuart na re nnn nnte ntsont mnp-
nomy cocymecrnonannm rocyapcrn. Onaxo npnnnmaemte oxymenrt ne yc-
nenamr orneuart na conpemennte yrpost esonacnocrn, a tcrpo
menxmmaxcx nonnrnuecxax cnryannx n mnpe oycnonnnnaer nsmenennx xa-
paxrepa noenntx xon]nnxron n noenntx raxrnx.
Opyxne nocroxnno conepmencrnyercx n xax cnecrnne pacmnpxmrcx
ptnxn ropronnn nm. Kax ormeueno n oxnae OOH
127
, o xonnuecrne xep-
ntx oerononox, sanacax xnmnuecxoro opyxnx n nocranxax xpynntx cncrem
otuntx noopyxenn nsnecrno ontme, uem o crpenxonom opyxnn. Pacmn-
pennm ncnontsonannx HCO, xax yxe ynomnnanoct, cnococrnymr ornocn-
rentnax emennsna, xomnaxrnocrt, npocrora n ero +xcnnyarannn n ocnyxn-
nannn, a raxxe orcyrcrnne naexntx mep mexynaponoro xonrponx na ero
roprontm ooporom, uro n cnom ouepet npononnpyer nenerantnoe pacnpo-
crpanenne raxoro opyxnx.
Ocnonnte ecrnymmne mexynaponte oxymenrt n onacrn xonrpo-
nx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn, xoropte oxnartnamr n nonpoct perynnpo-
nannx oopora HCO, n xpononornuecxom nopxxe nx noxnnennx moryr trt
npecrannent cneymmnm opasom.


1981 r.

Bcrynnna n cnny Konnennnx o sanpemennn nnn orpannuennn npnmenennx
xonxperntx nnon otunoro opyxnx, xoropte moryr cunrartcx nanocxmnmn
upesmepnte nonpexennx nnn nmemmnmn nensnparentnoe ecrnne. (Konnen-
nnx o nerymanntx nnax opyxnx nnn KHO). B pamxax KHO ecrnymr na
sanpernrentntx n rpn orpannunrentntx Hporoxona: sanpemeno npnmenxrt

127
ox. OOH. S/2008/258 or 17 anpenx 2008 r.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 672
opyxne, ocxonxn xoroporo nenosmoxno onapyxnrt n uenoneuecxom rene c
nomomtm penrrena (Hporoxon I), n ocnennxmmee nasepnoe opyxne (Hporo-
xon IV); orpannueno npnmenenne nasemntx mnn, mnn-nonymex n nntx no-
ontx ycrpocrn (Hporoxon II), a raxxe saxnrarentnoro opyxnx (Hporoxon
III). Ocooe mecro n naxere orpannunrentntx oxymenron KHO sannmaer
Hporoxon V (npnnxr n noxpe 2006 r.) no yperynnponannm nponem, cnxsan-
ntx co nsptnoonacntmn nepexnrxamn nont (nmemrcx nnny nepasopnan-
mnecx aprcnapxt, annaomt, pyunte rpanart, oente +nemenrt xaccer-
ntx oenpnnacon n p.).
onrne rot na osopntx xon]epennnxx no KHO mna ncxyccnx o ne-
penoce Hporoxona V ns nepeunx orpannunrentntx mep n sanpernrentnte n
nxnmuennn n ]opmar KHO sanpernrentntx nonoxenn antrepnarnnno Oc-
noncxo xonnennnn no xaccerntm oenpnnacam (ncrynnna n cnny n anrycre
2010 r.), npornn uero ntcrynamr ocnonnte nponsnonrenn n nontsonarenn
raxnx oenpnnacon, nxnmuax Poccnm. ocrnut cornacnx no rexcry npoexra
nosmoxnoro nonoro Hporoxona, perynnpymmero npnmenenne xaccerntx oe-
npnnacon, n pamxax KHO na nocnene osopno xon]epennnn no KHO, co-
croxnmecx n noxpe 2011 r., ne yanoct. Yuacrnnxamn KHO xnnxmrcx 115
rocyapcrn unenon OOH. KHO ne oxnartnaer mnnt, ornnunte or npornno-
nexorntx
128
.
Poccnx parn]nnnponana KHO n nepnte rpn nporoxona x ne n 1982 r.,
Hporoxon IV n 1999 r. n Hporoxon V n 2008 r.


1987 r.

Cosan Pexnm xonrponx sa paxerntmn rexnonornxmn (PKPT). Pexnm
oennnn 34 crpant, n rom uncne Pu. Ocnonnte oxymenrt PKPT
Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt nepeau paxer n paxerntx rexnonorn, Hamxrnax
sanncxa (nponeypnte nonpoct) n Texnnuecxoe npnnoxenne (cnncox rona-
pon, n ornomennn xoroptx cymecrnymr onpeenennte orpannuennx). B
2003 r. n PKPT tn saxpennen npnnnnn nceoemnmmero xonrponx. B no-
xpe 2007 r. Pu ntnnnyna npenoxenne o nponeennn ncecroponnero osopa
n pamxax PKPT n nenxx aanrannn Pexnma x nontm ntsonam n yrposam pa-
xernoro pacnpocrpanennx, onaxo +ra nnnnnarnna ne peannsonana. He orme-
ueno nporpecca n n nonpoce pacmnpennx unencxoro cocrana PKPT. B nncre
oxnannx PKPT 13 crpan.


1991 r.

Hxrepxa crpan CBA, Bennxopnrannx, Knra, upannnx n CCCP
paspaorann rax nastnaemte nononcxne npnnnnnt nocranox opyxnx. B
exape 1991 r. IA OOH npnnxna Pesonmnnm 46/36 L, osarnannennym

128
Fonee nopono cm.: Marepnant conemann Btcoxnx oronapnnammnxcx Cropon o re-
xymem cocroxnnn en no +ro Konnennnn: oxymenrt OOH CCW/MSP/2009/SR.1 or 6 anpenx
2010 r. n CCW/MSP/2012/WP.5 or 30 anrycra 2012 r.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 673
Tpancnapenrnocrt n noopyxennxx, n coornercrnnn c xoropo n OOH tn
cosan Perncrp otuntx noopyxenn (Perncrp), n xoropt, naunnax c
1992 r., rocyapcrna unent OOH na oponontno ocnone npeocrannxmr
nn]opmannm o mexynapontx nocranxax (+xcnopre n nmnopre) cemn oc-
nonntx xareropn otunoro opyxnx
129
. Ananns ponn Perncrpa n xonrpone
na ooporom HCO tn npecrannen ntme.

1992 r.

Bcrynnn n cnny oronop o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax n Enpone
(OBCE). oronop nocnn xnno ntpaxennt noxont xapaxrep n tn
npnsnan ycranonnrt pannonecne cnn mexy HATO n Oprannsanne Bapman-
cxoro oronopa (OB) nocpecrnom orpannuennx nosmoxnocrn pasmemennx
otuntx noopyxenn c oenx cropon nont nnnnn conpnxocnonennx mexy
noxamn. Onaxo on ne pemnn nonpocon xonrponx sa pacnpocrpanennem opy-
xnx no cymecrny. Pacna CCCP n OB n px pyrnx noenno-nonnrnuecxnx
ocroxrentcrn ne nosnonnnn ocrnut saxnnenntx nene, a nocne npnocra-
nonnennx Poccne cnoero yuacrnx n oronope n exape 2007 r. OBCE npax-
rnuecxn yrparnn cnny.

1995 r.

Hpnnxrt Baccenaapcxne oronopennocrn (B) no +xcnoprnomy xonrpo-
nm na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n ronapamn n rexnonornxmn nonoro na-
snauennx, xoropte ]ynxnnonnpymr c 1996 r. no nacroxmee npemx. Honee-
nne nroron (omn osop) ]ynxnnonnponannx +roro mexynaponoro
pexnma nponcxonr xaxte uertpe roa. Hepnonauantno yuacrnnxamn B
tnn 33 crpant, n nacroxmee npemx 41 rocyapcrno. (Poccnx raxxe xnnxer-
cx yuacrnnxom B.)
B exape 2000 r. n pamxax B tnn ntpaorant 3nemenrt no +xc-
noprnomy xonrponm na H3PK, xnnnmnecx nepntm mexynapontm corna-
mennem n paccmarpnnaemo c]epe. Hanonee naxnt +nemenr +roro oxy-
menra nanoxenne ]axrnuecxoro sanpera na nocranxn H3PK nerocyapcrnen-
ntm opasonannxm. B 2002 r. B tnn ononnent Pyxonocrnom no nyume
npaxrnxe n onacrn +xcnopra HCO. B 2007 r. no nnnnnarnne Pu npnnxr o-
nonnennt oxymenr o xonrpone sa ooporom H3PK
130
.

1996 r.

Oopent Pyxonoxmne npnnnnnt OOH n ornomennn mexynapo-
ntx nocranox opyxnx, xoropte n nocneymmem nernn n ocnony paspaorxn

129
3rn xareropnn nxnmuamr n cex: I Foente ranxn; I I Foente ponnponannte
mamnnt; III Aprnnnepncxne cncremt ontmoro xannpa; IV Foente camonert; V
Foente nepronert; VI Boennte xopann; VII Paxert n paxernte nycxonte ycranonxn.
130
Fonee nopono o exrentnocrn B cm.: <http://www.wassenaar.org/publicdocuments/
index_PD.html>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 674
xonxperntx cornamenn, oronopon, xonnennn n pyrnx oxymenron n c]e-
pe xonrponx na nocranxamn otuntx noopyxenn, nxnmuax HCO.


1997 r.

Crpanamn unenamn Oprannsannn amepnxancxnx rocyapcrn (OAI)
nonncana Mexamepnxancxax xonnennnx npornn nesaxonnoro nsroronnennx n
oopora ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, oenpnnacon, nsptnuartx nemecrn n py-
rnx coornercrnymmnx marepnanon. Konnennnm nonncann 33 rocyapcrna n
parn]nnnponann 30. Konnennnx cunraercx nepntm pernonantntm mpnnue-
cxn oxstnammnm oxymenrom n +ro onacrn n npeycmarpnnaer rpeona-
nne o nneennn +]]exrnnno cncremt nnnensnponannx nnn canxnnonnpona-
nnx nmnopra, +xcnopra n rpansnrntx nepenosox ornecrpentnoro opyxnx,
oxsarentnoro nanecennx necmtnaemo mapxnponxn na +rane ero nponsno-
crna n npn nmnopre
131
.
B nocneymmem, n pasnnrne +ro Konnennnn tnn npnnxrt: n 1998 r.
Tnnonte npannna OAI no xonrponm sa ornecrpentntm opyxnem, n
1999 r. Mexamepnxancxax xonnennnx o rpancnapenrnocrn n onacrn npno-
perennx otuntx noopyxenn, n 2002 r. exnapannx Anrnrya no nonpocy
pacnpocrpanennx HCO n pernone Henrpantno Amepnxn, n 2003 r.
Tnnonte npannna OAI no xonrponm na poxepcxo exrentnocrtm n o-
nacrn ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, ero uacre, xomnonenron n oenpnnacon
132
.


1998 r.

1) Enponecxn coms (EC) npnnxn Koexc noneennx EC n onacrn +xc-
nopra noopyxenn, ecrnymmn no nacroxmee npemx
133
. Cneom (n exape
1998 r.) Coner mnnncrpon EC yrnepnn Conmecrnt nnan ecrnn no nxna-
y EC n opty c ecrannnsnpymmnm naxonnennem n pacnpocrpanennem
HCO. 3ror nnan, asnpymmncx na Hporpamme EC no npeornpamennm n
opte c nesaxonntm ooporom otunoro opyxnx (npnnxra Conerom mnnn-
crpon EC n nmne 1997 r.) n Koexce noneennx EC n ornomennn +xcnopra
opyxnx (npnnxr n nmne 1998 r.), na pernonantnom yponne npeycmarpnnaer
no+rannt noxo x pemennm nponem n yxasanno onacrn.
B 2002 r. n Conmecrnt nnan ecrnn, oxnartnanmn 10 xareropn
nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx, nnocxrcx nonpanxn, nxnmuammne n nero n
oenpnnact nx HCO. Coner EC exerono nynnxyer oruer no ntnonnennm

131
Konnennnx aer mnpoxoe onpeenenne ornecrpentnoro opyxnx xax nmoro opyxnx,
nmemmero crnon, xoropt cnocoen, nno tn cxoncrpynponan, nno moxer trt nerxo npn-
cnoconen, x ntranxnnannm nynn nnn cnapxa ecrnnem nsptnno cnnt nnn paspymammnx
ycrpocrn, raxnx, xax nsptnuarxa, saxnrarentnax nnn rasonax oma, rpanara, paxernax nyc-
xonax ycranonxa, peaxrnnnt cnapx, paxernax cncrema nnn mnna.
132
Texcr Konnennnn n pyrne oxymenrt cm.: <http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-
63.html>.
133
Texcr Koexca noneennx EC cm.: <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/
08675r2en8.pdf>.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 675
Conmecrnoro nnana ecrnn, nxnmuax exrentnocrt, ocymecrnnxemym xax
uacrt Hporpammt EC no npeornpamennm nesaxonnoro oopora otunoro
opyxnx n opte c nnm.
2) 3xonomnuecxoe coomecrno sananoa]pnxancxnx rocyapcrn
(3KOBAC) nneno moparopn na nmnopr, +xcnopr n nponsnocrno crpenxonoro
opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn n 3anano A]pnxe. Hosxe, n nmne 2006 r.
3KOBAC npnnxno Konnennnm o crpenxonom opyxnn n nerxnx noopyxennxx,
oenpnnacax x nnm n pyrnx cnxsanntx c nnmn marepnanax, ocnonnte nono-
xennx xoropo nanpannent na npeornpamenne ecrannnsnpymmero naxon-
nennx HCO n oenpnnacon x nemy n 3anano A]pnxe sa cuer cosannx +]-
]exrnnntx mexannsmon xonrponx
134
.
3) Coomecrna pasnnrnx crpan mxno A]pnxn (CPRA) npnnxnn Rx-
noa]pnxancxym pernonantnym nporpammy ecrnn no nponeme nerxoro
noopyxennx, ero nesaxonno ropronnn n pacnpocrpanennx, xoropax n 2001 r.
rpanc]opmnponana n Hporoxon CPRA no xonrponm na ornecrpentntm
opyxnem, oenpnnacamn n pyrnmn cnxsanntmn c nnmn marepnanamn. Hpo-
roxon CPRA no ornecrpentnomy opyxnm ouepunnaer xpyr ocnonntx mep no
opte c nesaxonntm ooporom HCO. Oxsarentcrna no ero conmennm nsx-
nn na cex cneymmne rocyapcrna: Anrona, Forcnana, emoxparnuecxax
Pecnynnxa Konro, Hecoro, Maaracxap, Manann, Manpnxn, Mosamnx, Ha-
mnnx, Cementcxne Ocrpona, Rxnax A]pnxa, Cnasnnen, Tansannx, 3am-
nx n 3nmane
135
.


1999 r.

Bcrynnna n cnny Konnennnx o sanpemennn npnmenennx, naxonnennx sa-
nacon, nponsnocrna n nepeaun npornnonexorntx mnn n o nx ynnuroxennn
(Konnennnx no HHM)
136
.
Konnennnm ne nonncann onee 30 rocyapcrn, n rom uncne rpn nocro-
xnntx unena Conera Fesonacnocrn OOH (Knra, Pu
137
n CBA), onaammnx

134
3KOBAC cosano n 1975 r. n ero cocran nxoxr 16 rocyapcrn: Fennn, Fypxnna-uaco,
Kao-Bepe, Kor-Hnyap, Iamnx, Iana, Innnex, Innnex-Fncay, Hnepnx, Mann, Manpnra-
nnx, Hnrep, Hnrepnx, Ceneran, Cteppa-Heone n Toro. Texcr moparopnx cm.: <http://www.
prio.no/nisa>, rexcr Konnennnn cm.: <http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2836.pdf>.
135
Texcr Hporoxona CPRA cm.: <www.sadc.int>.
136
Hpornnonexornte mnnt ornocxrcx x nerxnm noopyxennxm, onaxo n mexynaponom
npane paccmarpnnamrcx orentno.
137
Hosnnnx Poccnn no ornomennm x Konnennnn no HHM nnonne oxcnnma. Cnoxnoe
reononnrnuecxoe nonoxenne Poccnn, noennte xon]nnxrt, nepnonuecxn nosnnxammne na
reppnropnn crpan, tnmnx panee n cocrane CCCP n ntrammnxcx pemart nsanmnte (ontme
uacrtm reppnropnantnte) nponemt noopyxenntm nyrem, rpeyer yenxrt ocooe nnnmanne
yxpennennm ooponocnoconocrn Poccnn n npnrpannuntx paonax (n rom uncne n nyrem
ycranonnennx mnnntx sarpaxenn), ocoenno ecnn yuecrt orpomnym nporxxennocrt camo
ontmo n mnpe cyxonyrno poccncxo rocyapcrnenno rpannnt, nacunrtnamme 24
rtc. xm. Kpome roro, HHM oecneunnamr oxpany naxntx noenntx n npomtmnenntx oex-
ron, raxnx xax aromnte rnpocrannnn, xpynnte npomtmnennte npenpnxrnx n pyrne. 3xc-
neprt npnsnamr, uro n nacroxmee npemx ner cpecrn, xoropte npn pemennn noonoro poa
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 676
nanontmnmn sanacamn HHM n no pasntm npnunnam n nacroxmee npemx sa-
nnrepeconanntx n nx coxpanennn. Orxas +ro rpynnt rocyapcrn onpeenx-
ercx npexe ncero npemennt mn pamxamn, ornonmtmn nx nonno nnxnna-
nnn HHM. ocrarouno yxasart na nentnonnnmocrt rpeonannx o ynnuroxe-
nnn ncex sanacon mnn n reuenne uertpex ner, a nce ycranonnennte mnnt (nx
nacunrtnaercx onee 160 mnn mryx na reppnropnn 64 rocyapcrn) onxnt
trt ynnuroxent n reuenne ecxrn ner
138
.
Cpen onaarene nanontmnx apcenanon npornnonexorntx mnn yno-
mnnamrcx Knra (110 mnn), Poccnx (26.5 mnn), CBA (10.4 mnn), Haxncran
(6 mnn), Hnnx (45 mnn) n p.
139
Hsnecrno, no xpane mepe, o 34 crpanax-
nponsnonrenxx, a raxxe +xcnoprepax pasnoro poa HHM. Hpn +rom oemt
nocranox HHM na mnpono ptnox no-npexnemy nsmepxmrcx ecxrxamn mnn-
nnonamn mryx, mexynapont xonrpont na ooporom xoroptx ]axrnuecxn
ne ocymecrnnxercx.
axe mnorne rocyapcrna, parn]nnnponanmne Konnennnm, nocroxnno
opamamrcx c npoctamn o nponennn cpoxon ynnuroxennx HHM. K npnme-
py, na conemannn rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon Konnennnn n xonne 2011 r. orme-
uanoct, uro px rocyapcrn ne ynoxnnnct n ycranonnennte cpoxn. Cpen
nnx: Fenapyct (ne ynnuroxnna eme 3.36 mnn mnn), Ipennx (0.935 mnn),
Typnnx (0.022 mnn) n Yxpanna (5.95 mnn). Fonee roro, ontmax uacrt rocy-
apcrn-yuacrnnxon npoonxaer coxpanxrt onpeenennte sanact mnn, uro n
nenom ne npornnopeunr cr. 3 Konnennnn, no pasmtnaer rnoantnym nent o-
ronopa ocnoonrt mnp or HHM
140
.
B xonne 2009 r. cocroxnact ncrpeua na ntcoxom yponne n Kapraxe-
ne (Konymnx) n nenxx nornepxennx npnnepxennocrn rocyapcrn, me-
xynapontx oprannsann n rpaxancxoro omecrna npexpamennm
crpaann, npnunnxemtx HHM, n paspaorxe nnana ecrnn na nn-
xamne nxrt ner. (o 2014 r. npenonaraercx cosnart Tpertm osopnym
xon]epennnm yuacrnnxon Konnennnn no HHM.) Hocne 2009 r. Konnen-
nnm no HHM crann uacro nastnart Kapraxencxn nporoxonom.
Ho cocroxnnm na cepenny 2012 r., 158 rocyapcrn parn]nnnponann
Konnennnm nnn npncoennnnnct x ne
141
.



saau, mornn t coornercrnonart npornnonexorntm mnnam no xpnrepnm cronmocrt
+]]exrnnnocrt.
138
Ho cocroxnnm na xonen 2011 r., omee uncno ynnuroxenntx mnn cocrannno 44.5 mnn,
no cxontxo ycranonneno nontx HHM n cosano mnnntx sarpaxenn nensnecrno.
139
Exeronnx CHHPH 2006: noopyxennx, pasopyxenne n mexynaponax esonacnocrt:
Hep. c anrn. / HM3MO PAH. M.: Hayxa, 19982006. 2007. C. 808.
140
Hepeuent raxnx rocyapcrn n xonnuecrnennax xapaxrepncrnxa no sanacam HHM nme-
ercx n oxymenre OOH: ox. OOH. APLC/MSP.11/2011/8 or 16 ]enpanx 2012 r.
141
Iocyapcrna, ne yuacrnymmne n Konnennnn no HHM: Asepaxan, Apmennx, Fax-
pen, Bternam, Ipysnx, Erner, Hspannt, Hnnx, Hpan, Kasaxcran, Knra, KHP, Kya,
Ktprtscran, Haoc, Hnnan, Hnnnx, Mapmannont Ocrpona, Mnxponesnx (ueeparnnnte
Brart), Monronnx, Mtxnma, Henan, OA3, Oman, Haxncran, Hontma, Pecnynnxa Kopex,
Poccnx, Cayoncxax Apannx, Cnnranyp, Cnpnx, CBA, Comann, Tonra, Tynany, Ysexn-
cran, unnnxnnx n Bpn-Hanxa.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 677
2000 r.

1) Oprannsannx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n Enpone (OFCE) n
coornercrnnn c npnnnnnamn OFCE, perynnpymmnmn nocranxn otunoro
opyxnx (1993 r.), npnnxna oxymenr o nerxom n crpenxonom opyxnn. On co-
epxnr nonnrnuecxne nonoxennx, nanpannennte na opty c nenerantno
ropronne HCO, ymentmenne ero nexonrponnpyemoro pacnpocrpanennx,
oecneuenne coornercrnymmnx mexannsmon +xcnoprnoro xonrponx, mep o-
nepnx, esonacnocrn n rpancnapenrnocrn.
oxymenr npeycmarpnnaer rontxo nonnrnuecxne oxsarentcrna. Ero
yuacrnnxamn xnnxmrcx 57 rocyapcrn unenon OFCE, nxnmuax Poccnm. B
coornercrnnn c +rnm oxymenrom naunnax c nmnx 2002 r. nponsnonrcx exe-
ront omen nn]opmanne o oopore HCO.
B mae 2004 r. OFCE yrnepnna npnnnnnt, paspaorannte panee n pam-
xax Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocre, n nenxx ycnnennx xonrponx na +xcnop-
rom H3PK n nnrepecax coxpamennx yrpost reppopnsma, cnxsanno c raxnmn
noopyxennxmn. B pasnnrne ocnonnoro oxymenra OFCE paspaorana raxxe
Pyxonocrno no nannyume npaxrnxe no nonpocam nerxoro n crpenxonoro
opyxnx (onynnxonano n 2003 r.) n oxymenr o cxnaax oenpnnacon x
otunomy noopyxennm (onynnxonan 19 noxpx 2003 r.)
142
.
B 2011 r. OFCE paspaorana Tnnono ceprn]nxar xoneunoro nontso-
narenx nx crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn n pexomenonana
ero nx ncnontsonannx ncem yuacrnnxam +ro oprannsannn.
2) Hpnnxra Famaxcxax exnapannx ornocnrentno ome nosnnnn a]pn-
xancxnx crpan no nponeme nesaxonnoro pacnpocrpanennx, nepeaun n oo-
pora crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn (nonncana 1 exapx 2000 r.
n Famaxo). Hent Famaxcxo exnapannn oecneuenne xoopnnannn ecr-
nn npornn nesaxonnoro pacnpocrpanennx crpenxonoro opyxnx no nce A]-
pnxe. Ona raxxe xnnxercx naxntm pyxonocrnom n opnenrnpom nx a]pnxan-
cxnx crpan n conyrcrnymmem nponecce ntnonnennx nmn pyrnx xnmuentx
xonrnnenrantntx cornamenn, saxnmuenntx na cypernonantnom yponne
(moparopn 3KOBAC, Hporoxon CPRA n p.). Yuacrnnxamn exnapannn
xnnxmrcx nce unent OAE (ntne A]pnxancxn coms).
3) Hpnnxra Hapocxax exnapannx no nponeme nesaxonnoro pacnpo-
crpanennx nerxoro n crpenxonoro opyxnx n paone Bennxnx osep n A]pnxan-
cxoro Pora. Hentm exnapannn xnnxercx oecneuenne mnpoxoro noxoa x
nponemam pacnpocrpanennx crpenxonoro opyxnx n pernone. B pasnnrne
exnapannn n 2004 r. paspaoran Hporoxon o npeornpamennn pacnpocrpa-
nennx, perynnponannn n coxpamennn crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxe-
nn (Hapocxn nporoxon), xoropt nonncan 11 rocyapcrnamn, no Hporo-
xon noxa ne ncrynnn n cnny.



142
Cm.: <http://www.osce.org/mc/documents>. Osop exrentnocrn OFCE n c]epe HCO
no cocroxnnm na xonen 2011 r. cm.: The continuing implementation of the OSCE document on
small arms and light weapons/ December 2011, Vilnius, <http://www.osce.org/fsc/40968>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 678
2001 r.

1) Kon]epennne OOH paccmorpena nponema ecrannnsnpymmero
naxonnennx n pacnpocrpanennx HCO, npenasnauennoro nx noenntx nene
n xonrexcre mexynapono esonacnocrn n pasopyxennx. Ho ee pesyntraram
npnnxra Hporpamma ecrnn no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxon-
no ropronnn crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee ac-
nexrax n opte c ne (anee Hporpamma ecrnn OOH no HCO), ycranan-
nnnammax nexoropte napamerpt mexynaponoro corpynnuecrna n +ro
c]epe n coepxamax coornercrnymmne pexomenannn na nannonantnom, pe-
rnonantnom n rnoantnom yponnxx.
B coornercrnnn c yxasanno Hporpammo c 2003 r. rocyapcrna unent
OOH cornacnnnct na perynxpno ocnone npeocrannxrt n Cexperapnar OOH
nannonantnte oxnat o marax, nanpannenntx na ntnonnenne coepxamnx-
cx n Hporpamme pexomenann (osop +]]exrnnnocrn Hporpammt npnneen
nnxe).
2) Hpnnxr Hporoxon npornn nesaxonnoro nsroronnennx n oopora orne-
crpentnoro opyxnx, ero cocranntx uacre n xomnonenron, a raxxe oenpnna-
con x nemy, ononnnnmn Konnennnm OOH npornn rpancnannonantno op-
rannsonanno npecrynnocrn (anee Hporoxon OOH o ornecrpentnom
opyxnn).
Hporoxon OOH o ornecrpentnom opyxnn onee nsnecren xax Bencxn
nporoxon, nocxontxy tn paspaoran Bencxo Komnccne OOH no npeor-
npamennm npecrynnenn n yrononnomy cyonponsnocrny 3xonomnuecxoro n
Connantnoro Conera OOH (3KOCOC).
Hporoxon OOH o ornecrpentnom opyxnn xnnxercx nepntm mexyna-
pontm mpnnuecxn oxstnammnm oxymenrom, xoropt rnanntm opasom
cocpeorouen na npeornpamennn npecrynnenn n oecneuennn npanonopx-
xa. 3ror oxymenr npeycmarpnnaer npnnxrne rocyapcrnamn-yuacrnnxamn
oxsarentcrn no oecneuennm coxpannocrn n esonacnocrn ornecrpentnoro
opyxnx, ero cocranntx uacre n xomnonenron, a raxxe oenpnnacon x nemy
no npemx nsroronnennx, nmnopra, +xcnopra n rpansnra uepes nx reppnropnm n
no nontmennm +]]exrnnnocrn xonrponx na ncemn +rnmn onepannxmn,
nxnmuax n nanexamnx cnyuaxx mept norpannunoro xonrponx n rpancrpa-
nnunoro corpynnuecrna mexy opranamn nonnnnn n ramoxenntmn crpyxry-
pamn.
Onacrt ero npnmenennx ne rax mnpoxa, xax, nanpnmep, Hporpammt
ecrnn OOH no HCO. B uacrnocrn, on oxnartnaer ne nce rnnt crpenxono-
ro opyxnx n ne pacnpocrpanxercx na nerxne noopyxennx. Kpome roro, ns
c]ept ecrnnx Hporoxona ncxnmuent mexrocyapcrnennte cenxn n nepe-
aun, ocymecrnnxemte rocyapcrnamn n nnrepecax nannonantno esonacno-
crn. Ocnonnoe nnnmanne n nem yenxercx npecrynnennxm, xoropte xnnxmrcx
no cnoe npnpoe rpancnannonantntmn. B 2011 r. tn onynnxonan noro-
ronnennt Ynpannennem OOH no napxornxam n npecrynnocrn (RHOK)
Tnnono saxon o opte c nesaxonntm nsroronnennem n ooporom orne-
crpentnoro opyxnx, ero cocranntx uacre n xomnonenron, a raxxe oenpnna-
con x nemy, pexomenonannt rocyapcrnam nx nnepennx.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 679
Yuacrnnxamn Hporoxona OOH o ornecrpentnom opyxnn no cocroxnnm
na cepenny 2012 r. xnnxmrcx menee 50% rocyapcrn unenon OOH. B reue-
nne 11 ner nocne ero nonncannx x nemy npncoennnnoct rontxo 90 rocy-
apcrn. (Hporoxon ncrynnn n cnny n 2005 r. nocne roro, xora ero parn]nnn-
ponann 40 crpan.)
Ocnonnte nponsnonrenn HCO, cpen xoroptx CBA, Poccnx, Bennxo-
pnrannx, uexnx n nexoropte pyrne, ne nonncann Hporoxon. Hexoropte
rocyapcrna nonncann ero, no ne parn]nnnponann (nanpnmep, Ancrpannx,
Ancrpnx, Iepmannx, Knra, Pecnynnxa Kopex n p.) Cyx no ncemy, nxnmuax
marepnant nocnene Kon]epennnn OOH no Hporoxony o ornecrpentnom
opyxnn, cocroxnmecx 1519 oxrxpx 2012 r., ynnnepcantntm +ror oxymenr
n oospnmom yymem ne craner.
3) Coomecrnom no nonpocam pasnnrnx crpan mra A]pnxn nx pemennx
nponem nesaxonno ropronnn HCO npnnxra exnapannx o ornecrpentnom
opyxnn, oenpnnacax n pyrnx cnxsanntx c nnmn marepnanax (Hporoxon
CAK). Ono yrnepnno ero n xauecrne mpnnuecxn oxsarentnoro corname-
nnx, nanenennoro na npeceuenne n ncxopenenne nesaxonno ropronnn HCO, a
raxxe na noompenne onee mnpoxoro n axrnnnoro corpynnuecrna mexy
rocyapcrnamn unenamn CAK n +ro onacrn. B nenom nonoxennx Hporo-
xona CAK nanpannent na orpannuenne nnaennx npemerno crpenxontm
opyxnem, npeornpamenne ero nesaxonnoro oopora n ynnuroxenne nsnnm-
xon, no npaxrnuecxn ne sarparnnaer nonpoct perynnponannx oopora nerxnx
noopyxenn.


2003 r.

1) Hpnnxrt Tnnonte npannna OAI no xonrponm na poxepcxo ex-
rentnocrtm n onacrn ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, ero uacre, xomnonenron n
oenpnnacon. oxymenr nocnr pernonantnt xapaxrep n ononnxer Mex-
amepnxancxym xonnennnm no ornecrpentnomy opyxnm.
2) Hpnnxr Hporoxon V x Konnennnn o sanpemennn nnn orpannuennn
npnmenennx xonxperntx nnon otunoro opyxnx, xoropte moryr cunrartcx
nanocxmnmn upesmepnte nonpexennx n nmemmnmn nensnparentnoe e-
crnne or 1980 r. (Hporoxon no nsptnoonacntm nepexnrxam nont or 2003 r.).
3) Paspaorana Fpassannntcxax nporpamma npnopnrerntx nanpannenn
exrentnocrn n ornomennn crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn nx
crpan Henrpantno A]pnxn, npecrannxmmax coo cypernonantnt nnan
peannsannn Hporpammt ecrnn OOH no HCO, npnnxro n 2001 r.


2005 r.

1) Bcrynnn n cnny mexynapont Hporoxon npornn nesaxonnoro nsro-
ronnennx n oopora ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, xnnxmmncx ononnnrentntm
nxrtm nporoxonom x uertpem enencxnm xonnennnxm or 12 anrycra 1949 r. o
samnre xeprn nont.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 680
2) IA OOH oopnna Mexynapont oxymenr, nosnonxmmn rocy-
apcrnam cnoenpemenno n naexno ntxnnxrt n orcnexnnart nesaxonnte
crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx. 3ror oxymenr cran neoremnemo
uacrtm Hporpammt ecrnn OOH no HCO, npnnxro n 2001 r.


2006 r.

IA OOH npnnxna pemenne o nauane paort na mexynapontm oro-
nopom o ropronne opyxnem n pamxax OOH (MTO).
Xorx nonpoc o MTO ocyxaercx n pamxax orentnoro nponecca, oo-
conennoro or nponem HCO, n ero ocnone nexnr raxax xe osaouennocrt
nocnecrnnxmn neperynnpyemo ropronnn otuntmn noopyxennxmn, xax n
nnoxo xonrponnpyemt oopor HCO. oronop npnsnan crart mpnnuecxn
oxsarentntm oxymenrom n +ro onacrn; asnponartcx na uerxnx npnnnn-
nax, onpeenxmmnx nono nx orxasa n +xcnopre noopyxenn; npeycmarpn-
nart +]]exrnnnt mexannsm npnmenennx n xonrponx na ncnonnennem oro-
nopa c naxasannem nx napymnrene.
Ha nocneymmnx ceccnxx IA OOH naunnax c 2006 r, nonpoc o MTO
ncnntnan n pasntx xonrexcrax n xoe ocyxennx camtx pasntx nponem,
cnxsanntx c pasopyxennem, rpancnapenrnocrtm n onacrn noopyxenn, pac-
npocrpanennem HCO n p. K cepenne 2010 r. n nosnnnxx ornocnrentno
MTO n nontsy ero noepxxn onpeennnnct nopxxa 150 rocyapcrn une-
non OOH, nxnmuax nce rocyapcrna EC.
Ha Kon]epennnn no MTO, xoropax cocroxnact 227 nmnx 2012 r., oc-
nonntm oxymenrom nx ocyxennx cran oxna Hororonnrentnoro xomn-
rera (HK), coepxamn npoexr oronopa.
B coornercrnnn c npoexrom MTO n c]epy ero npnmenennx onxnt
norn otunte noopyxennx cneymmnx xareropn: 1) ranxn; 2) noennte
rpancnoprnte cpecrna; 3) aprnnnepncxne cncremt; 4) noennte camonert
(nnnornpyemte nnn ecnnnornte); 5) noennte nepronert (nnnornpyemte
nnn ecnnnornte); 6) noennte xopann (nanonte xopann n nononte
noxn, noopyxennte nnn ocnamennte nx ncnontsonannx n noenntx nenxx);
7) paxert (ynpannxemte nnn neynpannxemte) n paxernte cncremt; 8) crpen-
xonoe opyxne; 9) nerxne noopyxennx; 10) oenpnnact nx noopyxenn, yxa-
sanntx n npetymnx nynxrax; 11) uacrn nnn xomnonenrt, cnennantno
npenasnauennte ncxnmunrentno nx noopyxenn, ornocxmnxcx x nmo ns
xareropn, yxasanntx n npetymnx nynxrax; 12) rexnonornn n oopyona-
nne, cnennantno npenasnauennte n ncnontsyemte ncxnmunrentno nx pas-
paorxn, nponsnocrna nnn rexnnuecxoro ocnyxnnannx noopyxenn, orno-
cxmnxcx x nmo ns xareropn, yxasanntx n npetymnx nynxrax.
Cyx no npnneennomy nepeunm, npenonaraercx snaunrentnoe pacmn-
penne xareropn otuntx noopyxenn, na xoroptmn onxen trt ycranon-
nen xonrpont. B nacroxmee npemx cornacno Perncrpy OOH n Oprannsannm
Oennenntx Hann npecrannxmrcx cneennx o +xcnopre/nmnopre nep-
ntx cemn xareropn, nepeuncnenntx n cnncxe, a raxxe na oponontno oc-
none annte no HCO (nomepa 7 n 8 n +rom cnncxe). To ecrt npenaraercx n
oxsarentnte oruernte xareropnn nnecrn orentntmn nosnnnxmn HCO (ne
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 681
xareropnn), oenpnnact, sanuacrn n xomnnexrymmne, a raxxe rexnonornn n
oopyonanne.
Mnennx pxa rocyapcrn n ornomennn npoexra MTO, o]nnnantno
npecrannennte n OOH, ooment n Cnpanounom oxymenre IA OOH. B ca-
mom omem nnane nx moxno onennrt xax noepxxy nen o paspaorxe rno-
antnoro oronopa o ropronne opyxnem, no ne xonxpernoro rexcra, npecran-
nennoro npecearenem Hororonnrentnoro xomnrera.
Pu, CBA n nexoropte pyrne rocyapcrna ntcrynnnn npornn npnnxrnx
nororonnennoro npoexra MTO n npenoxnnn npoonxnrt paory na nnm.
Hpornn mnornx nonoxenn npoexra MTO ntcxasancx n px pyrnx rocy-
apcrn, cpen xoroptx tnn n xpynnte npoannt opyxnx (nanpnmep, Knra) n
xpynnte ero noxynarenn (Hnnx, Anxnp, Ernner, Cenepnax Kopex, Hpan, Be-
necy+na), a raxxe crpant co cnoe nosnnne (xoro-ro n oronope ne ycrpan-
nan xpnrepn no yuery npan uenonexa, xoro-ro yuer oenpnnacon, xoro-ro
pyrne npnunnt nx sanpera na nocranxn opyxnx n ro nnn nnoe rocyapcrno).
B nrore Kon]epennnx nosepxanact or yrnepxennx npoexra MTO,
xoropt mor trt npnnxr rontxo xoncencycom. B conmecrno exnapannn
nopxxa 90 rocyapcrn, n rom uncne 27 crpan EC, ntpasnnn cnoe pasouapona-
nne nroramn Kon]epennnn n npenoxnnn nosononnrt neperonopt n nn-
xamee npemx. Ienepantnt cexperapt OOH Han In Myn raxxe ntpasnn
coxanenne n cnxsn c rem, uro oronop ne yanoct cornaconart. On pacnennn
pesyntrart Kon]epennnn xax mar nasa.
Oxonuarentnoe pemenne Kon]epennnn npecrannrt npoexr MTO Ie-
nepantno Accamnee OOH n xauecrne oxymenra npecearenx n ero nnunom
xauecrne. Fontmnncrno nnnomaron, +xcnepron n nccneonarene cunramr
npomemym xon]epennnm no MTO nponantno, orpocnnme panee oc-
rnrnyrte pesyntrart x ncxono nosnnnn. B antnemem IA OOH onxna
npnnxrt pemenne o cyte oronopa, nosmoxntx ycnonnxx n cpoxax npoon-
xennx paort na nnm.
antnemax cyta +roro oronopa pemnnact 2 anpenx 2013 r., xora
MTO (nocne nponana nonropno Kon]epennnn no ero paccmorpennm, co-
croxnmecx n mapre 2013 r.) tn npnnxr na Ienepantno Accamnee OOH
npocrtm ontmnncrnom: sa nporonoconann 154 unena OHH, npornn
rpn (Hpan, KHP n Cnpnx), 23 rocyapcrna nosepxannct, cpen xoroptx n
Poccnx. MTO orxptnaercx nx nonncannx c 3 nmnx 2013 r. n ncrynnr n cn-
ny uepes rpn mecxna nocne ero parn]nxannn 50-m rocyapcrnamn.


2008 r.

1) Honncana Konnennnx o sanpere xaccerntx oenpnnacon, ntpaoran-
nax n xoe rax nastnaemoro nponecca Ocno. (Konnennnx, ncrynnna n cnny 1
anrycra 2010 r.) Ona npeycmarpnnaer, uro rocyapcrna, parn]nnnponanmne
ee, npexparxr npnmenenne, nponsnocrno n opamenne xaccerntx noopyxe-
nn n ynnuroxar nce sanact raxnx om n reuenne noctmn ner. Ha cepenny
2012 r. Konnennnm nonncann 108 crpan, 77 ns nnx ee parn]nnnponann.
Camte xpynnte nponsnonrenn xaccerntx om CBA, Pu n Knra x
Konnennnn ne npncoennnnnct. He parn]nnnponann ee n mnorne pyrne crpa-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 682
nt, re xaccernte omt mnpoxo npnmenxmrcx, nanpnmep, Haxncran, Hn-
nx, Fpasnnnx, Hspannt n p.
Hsnecrno, no xpane mepe, o 76 crpanax, xoropte nmemr sanact xac-
cerntx oenpnnacon npnmepno 210 pasnnuntx rnnon.
Ho o]nnnantntm anntm OOH, xaccernte oenpnnact npnmenxnnct
na reppnropnn 23 crpan, n sa nocnenne 30 ner or nnx exerono nornano
necxontxo ecxrxon rtcxu mnpntx xnrene. Pasxcnxx nosnnnm Poccnn no
ornomennm x Konnennnn, npecrannrent MH Pu ormernn, uro xaccernte
oenpnnact npecrannxmr coo saxonnt n +]]exrnnnt nn opyxnx,
npenasnauennt ntnonnxrt onpeenennte oente saaun npn oecneuennn
ooponntx nnrepecon Pu n ee comsnnxon. KF ne sanpement nopmamn mex-
ynaponoro rymannrapnoro npana. B +ro cnxsn Poccnx ntcrynnna npornn
rorantnoro sanpemennx xaccernoro opyxnx.
2) Cosana Ipynna 7+, npecrannxmmax coo nesanncnmt anronom-
nt ]opym necranntntx n sarponyrtx xon]nnxramn crpan n pernonon,
oennnnmnxcx nx roro, urot nx xonnexrnnnt ronoc tn ycntman
mexynapontm coomecrnom n n xoroptx ncnontsonanne nerantnoro n
ocoenno nenerantnoro HCO xnnxercx nocroxnno noepxnnaemtm ]axe-
nom nont. B Ipynny 7+ nxoxr: A]ranncran, Fypynn, Ianrn, emoxpa-
rnuecxax Pecnynnxa Konro, Kor-Hnyap, Hnepnx, Henan, Conomonont
Ocrpona, Cteppa-Heone, Tnmop-Hemrn, Henrpantno-A]pnxancxax Pecnynn-
xa, ua n Rxnt Cyan.


2009 r.

Paspaorana Henrpantnoa]pnxancxax xonnennnx o xonrpone sa crpenxo-
ntm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn, oenpnnacamn x nnm, nx cocrannt-
mn uacrxmn n xomnonenramn, xoropte moryr trt ncnontsonant nx nx npo-
nsnocrna, pemonra nnn copxn (Knnmaccxax xonnennnx).
Konnennnx paspaorana Pernonantntm nenrpom OOH no nonpocam mnpa
n pasopyxennx n A]pnxe no pyxonocrnom Hocroxnnoro xoncyntrarnnnoro
xomnrera OOH no nonpocam esonacnocrn n Henrpantno A]pnxe. 3ra xon-
nennnx sanonnnna npoen, ns-sa xoroporo Henrpantnax A]pnxa ocrananact o-
nnm ns nemnornx a]pnxancxnx cypernonon, ne nmenmnm mpnnuecxn oxsa-
rentnoro oxymenra n +ro onacrn. Knnmaccxax xonnennnx c 19 noxpx
2010 r. orxptra nx nonncannx, no, no cocroxnnm na cepenny 2012 r., n cn-
ny ne ncrynnna.
Hpecrannennt ntme nepeuent pernonantntx n mexynapontx o-
xymenron, perynnpymmnx n ro nnn nno mepe exrentnocrt n c]epe HCO,
ne xnnxercx ncuepntnammnm. Crpyxrypnte nopasenennx n nncrnryrt
OOH, nenpannrentcrnennte, nayunte n pyrne omecrnennte oennennx
orcnexnnamr nonpoct, xacammnecx HCO, n npenaramr camte pasnoopas-
nte noxot x pemennm nponem, cnxsanntx c ero nesaxonntm ooporom.
K raxnm crpyxrypntm nopasenennxm n nncrnryram OOH ornocxrcx:
Hporpamma pasnnrnx Oprannsannn Oennenntx Hann (HPOOH); Koopnna-
nnonnt mexannsm OOH n ornomennn crpenxonoro opyxnx (KMCO); Cnyxa
OOH no nonpocam exrentnocrn, cnxsanno c pasmnnnponannem (RHMAC);
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 683
Ynpannenne OOH no napxornxam n npecrynnocrn (RHOK); Ynpannenne
OOH no nonpocam pasopyxennx (YBP OOH); Ynpannenne OOH no ocnyxn-
nannm npoexron (YOOHOH); Ynpannenne Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no
npanam uenonexa (YBKHu); Ynpannenne Bepxonnoro xomnccapa OOH no e-
nam exennen (YBKF); Ynpannenne OOH no xoopnnannn rymannrapntx no-
npocon (YKIB); Hcnonnnrentnt npexropar Konrpreppopncrnuecxoro xo-
mnrera OOH; Hncrnryr OOH no nccneonannm nponem pasopyxennx
(RHHHP); Mexynaponax oprannsannx rpaxancxo annannn (HKAO);
HHTEPHOH n p.
Hepeuent HHO, cctnxn na paspaorxn n npenoxennx xoroptx nano-
nee uacro ncrpeuamrcx n oxnaax Ipynnt npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron
(IH3) OOH no nonpocam HCO, nxnmuaer n cex: Mexynaponym cert e-
crnn npornn crpenxonoro opyxnx (IANSA); Osop crpenxonoro opyxnx
(SAFERWORLD); Rro-Bocrount nenrp no omeny nn]opmanne o xonrpo-
ne na nerxnm n crpenxontm opyxnem (SEESAC); Pernonantnt nenrp no
crpenxonomy opyxnm n nerxnm noopyxennxm (RECSA); Mexynapont nn-
crnryr nccneonann nponem mnpa (MHHHM); Mexynaponym cncremy
orcnexnnannx opyxnx n nsptnuartx nemecrn (MCOOBB); Hapnamenrcxn
]opym no crpenxonomy opyxnm n nerxnm noopyxennxm; enencxn mexy-
napont nenrp no rymannrapnomy pasmnnnponannm (MHIP); Mexyna-
pont neneno ]on no pasmnnnponannm n oxasannm nomomn xeprnam mnn
(MHu); Mexynapont Komnrer Kpacnoro Kpecra (MKKK); Henrp ryma-
nnrapnoro nanora (HDC); Hncrnryr nccneonann nponem mnpa n Ocno;
Hncrnryr mexynapontx nccneonann n enene; Hn]opmannonnt nenrp
no npornnomnnno exrentnocrn (Ynnnepcnrer xemca M+ncona) n nexo-
ropte pyrne.
Co cropont OOH npenpnnnmamrcx n nexoropte pyrne ycnnnx, na-
npannennte na xoopnnannm omecncremno exrentnocrn OOH n ee crpyx-
ryp no opte c nesaxonno ropronne HCO. nx ntnonnennx +ro saaun
Ienepantntm cexperapem tna yupexena Hporpamma xoopnnannn no
crpenxonomy opyxnm (HKCO), n cocran xoropo n nacroxmee npemx nxoxr
22 naprnepa cncremt OOH, xaxt ns xoroptx sannmaercx nonpocamn npe-
ynpexennx nacnnnx n cmxruennx nocnecrnn ncnontsonannx HCO n xon-
rexcre pemennx xonxperntx saau.
B pamxax HKCO yrnepxent crparernuecxne npnopnrert ee ecrnnx
na nepno 20092013 rr. Ocnonntm nanpannennem exrentnocrn HKCO xnnx-
ercx paspaorxa mexynapontx cranapron xonrponx na crpenxontm opy-
xnem. Hent nnnnnarnnt paspaorart cno cornaconanntx n yrnepxenntx
na mexynaponom yponne rexnnuecxnx cranapron, xoropte yyr cnyxnrt
nx nnn, sannmammnxcx npaxrnuecxo exrentnocrtm, n nnn, onpeenxmmnx
nonnrnxy, pyxonocrnom no ncem mpnnuecxnm, nonnrnuecxnm n npaxrnue-
cxnm nonpocam, cnxsanntm c xonrponem na HCO.
B 2010 r. tnn paspaorant npoexrt 26 nopmarnnon yymnx mexyna-
pontx cranapron, npecrannenntx na nynnunoe ocyxenne. Ocymecrn-
nenne npoexra no paspaorxe +rnx cranapron npoonxanoct n n 2012 r. Co-
cronrcx nn +ra nporpamma, noxaxer npemx, no paccunrtnart, uro
paspaartnaemte mexynaponte cranaprt yyr nocnpnnxrt anpnopn ne
npnxonrcx, nocxontxy, no onpeenennm, onn ne moryr coornercrnonart na-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 684
nnonantntm rpeonannxm, xoropte y xaxo crpant cnon, n npx nn crpant
naunyr aanrnponart cnoe saxonoarentcrno x +rnm cranapram na ]one or-
cyrcrnnx mpnnuecxoro oxstnammero oxymenra o oopore HCO.
B nenom, nonox nror osopy pasnnuntx mexynapontx oxymenron n
c]epe xonrponx na nerantntm n nenerantntm ooporom HCO, cneyer sa-
xnmunrt, uro xaxymeecx nx nsonnne omanunno. Fontmnncrno ns ynomxny-
rtx ntme mexynapontx oronopennocre ne xnnxmrcx mpnnuecxn ox-
stnammnmn n nocxr, xax npannno, pexomenarentnt xapaxrep. Onn ne
npeycmarpnnamr nneennx xaxnx-nno penpeccnnntx n orpannunrentntx
mep na mexynaponom yponne n ornomennn napymnrene n npaxrnuecxn ne
nosnonxmr orcnexnnart n orpannunnart nesaxonnte noroxn HCO, noepxn-
nammne noennte xon]nnxrt.
Hnoxo xonrponnpyemax cnryannx c pacnpocrpanennem HCO ycyrynxer-
cx n rem, uro ero neymne nponsnonrenn (CBA, Pu, Knra n nexoropte
pyrne) ne npeocrannxmr cnon annte o oopore HCO n Perncrp OOH no
otuntm noopyxennxm n ne xnnxmrcx yuacrnnxamn ontmnncrna mpnnue-
cxn oxstnammnx cornamenn n +ro c]epe.
Poccnx, x npnmepy, ne parn]nnnponana Konnennnm no HHM, Hporoxon
o ornecrpentnom opyxnn, Konnennnm no xaccerntm oenpnnacam n ne
npecrannxer annte no +xcnopry HCO n Perncrp OOH no otuntm noopy-
xennxm.
B ornomennn nenerantnoro pacnpocrpanennx HCO ecrt rontxo onn
nceoemnmmn oxymenr Hporpamma ecrnn OOH no HCO. Ha pac-
cmorpennn ero +]]exrnnnocrn cneyer ocranonnrtcx onee nopono.


Hporpauua enc1nnn OOH no ACO n ee pasnn1ne

Hporpamma ecrnn no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxonno
ropronnn crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee acnexrax
n opte c ne (Hporpamma ecrnn OOH no HCO), npnnxrax n 2001 r., ne
xnnxercx mpnnuecxn oxstnammnm oxymenrom n ornocnrcx x xareropnn
cornamenn, coepxamnx n ocnonnom nonnrnuecxne oxsarentcrna.
B pamxax Hporpammt rocyapcrna unent OOH oxsannct npnnxrt nnn
yconepmencrnonart nannonantnoe saxonoarentcrno n +ro c]epe, oxnnrt
necanxnnonnponannym ropronnm HCO yrononno naxasyemtm exnnem, per-
namenrnponart exrentnocrt poxepon no npoaxe opyxnx, ycranonnrt crpo-
rn xonrpont na nmnoprom n +xcnoprom opyxnx n npnnnexart x ornercrnen-
nocrn napymnrene coornercrnymmnx npannn.
B ne raxxe pexomenonano nauart neperonopt o orentnom oxymen-
re, xacammemcx orcnexnnannx nesaxonnoro HCO. B 2006 r. neperonopt, co-
croxnmnecx n xoe nponeennx Hepno osopno xon]epennnn rocyapcrn
yuacrnnxon Hporpammt, sanepmnnnct npnnxrnem oxymenra, nosnonxmmero
rocyapcrnam cnoenpemenno n naexno ntxnnxrt n orcnexnnart nesaxonnte
crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx (Mexynapont oxymenr no or-
cnexnnannm). On cran ]axrnuecxn ononnennem x Hporpamme.
oxymenr no orcnexnnannm ornnuaercx or Hporpammt rem, uro n nem
onee xonxperno yxasano, xax moxno ocymecrnnxrt orcnexnnanne. B nem ne-
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 685
peuncnent rpeonannx no mapxnponxe n yuery, n rom uncne npeycmorpent
orpannuennx na omen xon]nennnantno nn]opmanne o orcnexnnannn.
Orcnexnnanne n coornercrnnn c yxasanntm oxymenrom osnauaer
cncremnoe cnexenne sa nesaxonntmn crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noo-
pyxennxmn, onapyxenntmn nnn nsxrtmn na reppnropnn rocyapcrna, na-
unnax c mecra nsroronnennx nnn nnosa n crpany, nxnmuax xanant nocranxn n
saxanunnax mecrom, re onn crann nesaxonntmn.
Cymecrnenntm nonoxennem n +rom oxymenre, nomnmo rpeonann o
mapxnponxe, yuere n orcnexnnannn, moxno npnsnart onee uerxne repmnno-
nornuecxne onpeenennx HCO, a raxxe onpeenennx n xnaccn]nxannn roro,
uro ornocnrt x saxonnomy n x nesaxonnomy ncnontsonannm.
B uacrnocrn, HCO xnnxmrcx nesaxonntmn, ecnn onn: cunramrcx nesa-
xonntmn cornacno saxonam rocyapcrna, n npeenax reppnropnantno mpnc-
nxnnn xoroporo HCO tnn onapyxent; nepeant n napymenne +mapro n
ornomennn opyxnx, nneenntx CF OOH; ne nmemr mapxnponxn, npeycmor-
penno nonoxennxmn oronopa; nsroronnent nnn copant es nnnensnn nnn
paspemennx xomnerenrnoro oprana rocyapcrna, n xoropom ocymecrnnxercx
nsroronnenne nnn copxa; nnn nepeant es nnnensnn nnn paspemennx xom-
nerenrnoro nannonantnoro oprana.
Yuernax oxymenrannx na HCO onxna xpannrtcx neorpannuenno on-
ro, no n nmom cnyuae ne menee 20 ner. Bmecre c rem saxonnte n nesaxonnte
HCO n nsnecrno mepe npecrannxmr coo ne cropont ono meann,
r. e. raxoe pasnnune nocnr uncro xonnenryantnt xapaxrep n ro, uro onnm
rocyapcrnom npnsnaercx saxonntm, pyrnm nesaxonntm.
K Hporpamme ecrnn OOH no HCO n Mexynaponomy oxymenry no
orcnexnnannm npncoennnnoct ontmnncrno crpan mnpa, nn]opmannm o
cnonx nannonantntx xonraxrntx nenrpax no ntnonnennm Hporpammt co-
omnnn 168 rocyapcrn, a oruert n OOH o xoe optt c nesaxonntm oopo-
rom HCO npecrannxmrcx ne onee 90110 rocyapcrnamn.
Kax noxasan ananns orueron, rocyapcrna, xax npannno, npecrannxmr
cneennx o nannonantntx mepax no ocymecrnnennm xonrponx na ooporom
HCO, amr cctnxn na saxonoarentnte n pyrne nopmarnnno-npanonte ax-
rt, a raxxe npnnoxr nexoropte xonnuecrnennte annte o nsxrom nnn
ynnuroxennom opyxnn.
He xnnxmrcx ncxnmuennem n +rom nnane n oruert Pu. Tax, x npnmepy, n
Hannonantnom oxnae Pu o ntnonnennn Hporpammt n Mexynaponoro
oxymenra no orcnexnnannm n 2012 r., xax n no mnornx oxnaax sa npet-
ymne rot, npnneent ocnont nannonantnoro saxonoarentcrna, perynn-
pymmero nexoropte acnexrt oopora HCO (orentnoro saxona no nonpocam
HCO n Poccnn ner). B nem nepeuncnent oxymenrt, orpaxammne mnorocro-
ponnee (n pamxax OFCE, Baccenaapcxnx oronopennocre, Conera Enpont,
CHI, Banxacxo oprannsannn corpynnuecrna) n nycroponnee mexyna-
ponoe corpynnuecrno no nonpocam npeornpamennx n ncxopenennx nesa-
xonno ropronnn HCO. Ho nonpocam nenerantno ropronnn HCO Poccnx co-
rpynnuaer c Hnrepnonom uepes Hannonantnoe nenrpantnoe mpo (HHF).
B pasnnrne rpancnapenrnocrn n onacrn nepeau H3PK n pamxax CHI
nonncano n ncrynnno n cnny 18 noxpx 2009 r. Cornamenne mexy Hpann-
rentcrnom Pu n Kannerom Mnnncrpon Yxpannt o omene nn]opmanne o
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 686
nepenocntx sennrntx paxerntx xomnnexcax rnna Hrna n Crpena npn
ocymecrnnennn nx +xcnopra n rpertn crpant n nmnopra ns rpertnx crpan.
Ananornunoe cornamenne mexy Pu n Ysexncranom ncrynnno n cnny
18 ]enpanx 2008 r. 14 noxpx 2008 r. rocyapcrna yuacrnnxn CHI nonnca-
nn Cornamenne o corpynnuecrne n opte c nesaxonntm nsroronnennem n
ooporom ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, oenpnnacon, nsptnuartx nemecrn n
nsptnntx ycrpocrn. B pamxax BOC 28 anrycra 2008 r. nonncano Corname-
nne o corpynnuecrne n opte c nesaxonntm ooporom opyxnx, oenpnnacon
n nsptnuartx nemecrn, a 11 nmnx 2010 r. Cornamenne o corpynnuecrne n
opte c npecrynnocrtm.
Hpenoxennx pxa crpan o opaorxe Hporpammt ne peannsonant. He
noepxant onn n Poccne, xorx npeceuenne nesaxonntx nocranox HCO, xa-
sanoct t, onxno nmert nx nee ncxnmunrentnoe snauenne. Bet nmn no-
nnrtnamrcx n oennxn na Cenepnom Kanxase, n ncenosmoxnte cenaparncrt
n npnnerammnx x poccncxnm rpannnam ropxunx rouxax, n xpnmnnantnte
rpynnnponxn.
Ho mnennm Mocxnt, nsmenennx n ononnennx nao nnocnrt ne n rexcr
Hporpammt, a o]opmnxrt nx n nne coornercrnymmnx nporoxonon n npnno-
xenn. Hpn +rom Pu nonaraer, uro nx npornnoecrnnx nexonrponnpyemomy
pacnpocrpanennm HCO, ero nonaannm n nesaxonnt oopor n n pyxn rep-
popncron tnn t nonesnt cneymmne mept:
nonnoe npexpamenne nponsnocrna HCO no ncrexmnm nnnensnxm nnn
es nnnensn;
ycnnenne xonrponx na pe+xcnoprom HCO; neonymenne nnn npeceue-
nne pe+xcnopra n crpant, naxoxmnecx no canxnnxmn OOH;
sanper moepnnsannn HCO es cornacnx crpant, npeocrannnme rex-
nonornm;
nneenne npaxrnxn nponepxn +xcnoprepom ycnonn xpanennx n nene-
noro ncnontsonannx nmnoprepom orentntx nnon HCO, ocoenno H3PK
(moxno cornacnrtcx c rem, uro rema optt c nenerantntm ooporom H3PK
cnocona oennnrt mnorne crpant);
orxas or nocranox HCO nenpannrentcrnenntm opasonannxm;
xecrxoe perynnponanne rocyapcrnom poxepcxo exrentnocrn, cnx-
sanno c +xcnoprom HCO, nxnmuax orpannuenne uncnennocrn raxnx nocpe-
nnxon, uncno xoroptx n nexoroptx crpanax ncuncnxercx ecxrxamn, a ro n
cornxmn.
Ecrecrnenno, uro nannune ontmoro uncna nocpennxon cymecrnenno
sarpynxer xonrpont na nx exrentnocrtm n cnococrnyer yreuxe HCO na
cepte n uepnte ptnxn.
B +ro cnxsn poccncxne npenoxennx o noncxe nyre, nanpannenntx
na coxpamenne uncna oprannsann, sannmammnxcx nocpennuecxo exrent-
nocrtm n c]epe ropronnn opyxnem, npecrannxmrcx oocnonanntmn n sa-
cnyxnnammnmn noepxxn. B nenom coxpamenne uncna nocpennxon moxer
cnococrnonart nontmennm +]]exrnnnocrn rocyapcrnennoro xonrponx na
ncemn cenxamn c npoyxnne noennoro nasnauennx, a ne rontxo n ornome-
nnn HCO. (Hanomnnm, uro n Pu ecrt rontxo onn rocyapcrnennt nocpe-
nnx OAO Pocoopon+xcnopr.) Kpome roro, n Pu ]nsnuecxnm nnnam sa-
npemeno sannmartcx ropronne opyxnem.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 687
Btmensnoxennte poccncxne npenoxennx n nenom ne orneprnyrt
pyrnmn rocyapcrnamn, no n ne oopent, n cnxsn c uem onn ne o]opmnent
xaxnm-nno npnnoxennem x Hporpamme.
Conemanne rocyapcrn no paccmorpennm nporpecca n peannsannn Hpo-
rpammt, npoxonnmee 1418 nmnx 2010 r., ne npnnnecno nnuero cymecrnen-
no nonoro n pemenne nponemt c nesaxonntm ooporom HCO.
Kpome otuntx n ocrarouno cranaprntx opamenn x rocyapcrnam
o neoxonmocrn paspaorxn nannonantntx mep xonrponx na ooporom
HCO, nxnmuax yrononnym ornercrnennocrt, n oomammem oxnae coep-
xnrcx npnstn x cosannm ennoro xonraxrnoro nenrpa nx omena nn]op-
manne n oecneuennx cnxsn no ncem nonpocam, xacammnmcx ocymecrnnennx
Mexynaponoro oxymenra no orcnexnnannm, a raxxe npnstn x pacmnpe-
nnm xonraxron mexy rocyapcrnamn no omeny nn]opmanne. Hpn +rom
tno npenoxeno, urot ]ynxnnn xoopnnaropa n ornomennn npoct o or-
cnexnnannn nsxn na cex Hnrepnon.
B nroronom oxymenre +roro conemannx xoncrarnpyercx ]axrnuecxoe
orcyrcrnne nporpecca n ornomennn mep mexynaponoro xonrponx na oo-
porom HCO.
Cyx no pesonmnnxm IA OOH no nonpocam HCO n pyrnm oxymenram
OOH, nmemmnm ornomenne x HCO, nosnnnx ontmnncrna crpan n ornome-
nnn xonrponx na ero ooporom ne nsmennnact, necmorpx na nospacranne ne-
nerantnoro oopora HCO n pocra xonnuecrna noenntx xon]nnxron. Tax, x
npnmepy, n npenepnn nponeennx Bropo osopno xon]epennnn no HCO
Ienepantnt cexperapt OOH n ouepeno pas oparnn nnnmanne, uro nesa-
xonnax ropronnx crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn n nx pac-
npocrpanenne neyr x oocrpennm nonnrnuecxnx nonnenn, sarxrnnannm n
+cxanannn xon]nnxron.
B npomexyrxe mexy osopntmn xon]epennnxmn (20062012 rr.) nera-
rnnnte nocnecrnnx raxo ropronnn no-npexnemy npoxnnxnnct n pxe crpan.
B uacrnocrn, snaunrentnt npnrox HCO xax cnecrnne xpnsnca n Hnnnn
nmen nerarnnnte nocnecrnnx nx necranntno cnryannn n +rom pernone.
Hanpnmep, nanpannennax n Caxentcxn pernon mnccnx OOH no onenxe cn-
ryannn ntxnnna, uro co cxnaon n Hnnnn n +ror pernon xonrpaanntm ny-
rem tno nocranneno snaunrentnoe xonnuecrno opyxnx n oenpnnacon,
nxnmuax peaxrnnnte npornnoranxonte rpanaromert, nynemert c npnnent-
ntm npncnoconennem nx crpentt no nosymntm nenxm n nerxne sennr-
nte opynx.
3xcneprnte rpynnt n rpynnt xonrponx OOH, xoropte oxastnamr no-
epxxy xomnreram no canxnnxm, xax n npexe, ntxnnxnn nesaxonnym rop-
ronnm crpenxontm opyxnem n coornercrnymmnx pernonax.
Hermornn nx Bropo osopno xon]epennnn ocranancx npexnnm: ne-
nerantnax ropronnx HCO npoonxaer nnrart xon]nnxrt, nontmart yponent
noopyxennoro nacnnnx, noptnart anropnrer mexynaponoro npana n mex-
ynapontx nopm, xacammnxcx npan uenonexa, coecrnyer reppopnsmy n ex-
rentnocrn nesaxonntx noopyxenntx ]opmnponann, oneruaer pacnpocrpa-
nenne rpancnannonantno oprannsannonno npecrynnocrn, a raxxe ropronnn
nmtmn, xonrpaant napxornxon n onpeenenntx npnpontx pecypcon.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 688
Ha Osopno xon]epennnx 2012 r. ne tno xpynntx pasnornacn no o-
cyxaemtm nonpocam, no n ocotx ycnexon (no cpannennm c Hepno osop-
no xon]epennne 2006 r.) roxe ne tno ocrnrnyro.
MH Pu onennn nrorn Bropo osopno xon]epennnn 2012 r. xax nosn-
rnnnte, samernn npn +rom, uro, necmorpx na pacxoxennx n noxoax rocy-
apcrn no nenomy pxy nonpocon, yanoct ntrn na xoncencyc no nrorontm
oxymenram ]opyma. Poccncxax cropona ncxonr ns npnemnemocrn ocrnr-
nyrtx pesyntraron n nenxx antneme peannsannn Hporpammt ecrnn.
Ho nroram Kon]epennnn tnn npnnxrt cneymmne oxymenrt.
1. exnapannx 2012 r. B +rom oxymenre nornepxena axryantnocrt n
xnsnenno naxnoe snauenne Hporpammt ecrnn OOH xax rnoantno oc-
nont nx npeornpamennx n ncxopenennx nesaxonno ropronnn HCO no ncex
ee acnexrax n nx optt c ne n ntpaxena yexennocrt n rom, uro ee non-
noe n +]]exrnnnoe ntnonnenne nmeer cymecrnenno naxnoe snauenne nx
yxpennennx mnpa n esonacnocrn, coecrnnx npnmnpennm, samnrt uenone-
uecxnx xnsne n coecrnnx ycrounnomy pasnnrnm.
Houepxnyro, uro nesaxonnax ropronnx HCO no-npexnemy xnnxercx
]axropom, sarxrnnammnm xon]nnxrt, ycyrynxmmnm noopyxennoe nacnnne,
noptnammnm ynaxenne x mexynaponomy rymannrapnomy npany n mexy-
napontm cranapram n onacrn npan uenonexa, nonnrtnammnm reppopnsm
n nesaxonnte noopyxennte rpynnt n neymnm x pacmnpennm macmraon
rpancnannonantno oprannsonanno npecrynnocrn, a raxxe nesaxonno rop-
ronnn nmtmn n nexoroptmn nnamn npnpontx pecypcon.
Oopen nporpecc, ocrnrnyrt n ocymecrnnennn Hporpammt ecr-
nn n Mexynaponoro oxymenra no orcnexnnannm, nxnmuax paspaorxy,
yxpennenne n oecneuenne conmennx nannonantntx saxonon, nopmarnn-
ntx nonoxenn n amnnncrparnnntx nponeyp, nanpannenntx na npeor-
npamenne nesaxonno ropronnn HCO n nx nesaxonnoro nponsnocrna, paspa-
orxy nannonantntx nnanon ecrnn, cosanne nannonantntx xonraxrntx
nenrpon, oponontnoe npecrannenne nannonantntx oxnaon n yxpenne-
nne pernonantnoro corpynnuecrna, a raxxe nporpecc, ocrnrnyrt n oec-
neuennn coxpannocrn sanacon, cope n ynnuroxennn nesaxonntx HCO, map-
xnponxe crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx noopyxenn, rexnnuecxom oyuennn n
omene nn]opmanne.
B exnapannn nouepxnyro, uro nponecc ocymecrnnennx o cnx nop no-
cnr neonopont xapaxrep n uro coxpanxmrcx ntsont n npenxrcrnnx, me-
mammne nonno peannsannn Hporpammt ecrnn n Mexynaponoro oxy-
menra no orcnexnnannm, n ntpaxena pemnmocrt oportcx c +rnmn ntsonamn,
n rom uncne nyrem yxpennennx mexynaponoro corpynnuecrna n mexyna-
pono nomomn. Ocoo ormeueno, uro orpannuennocrt pecypcon n pasnnunx
n nosmoxnocrxx rocyapcrn no-npexnemy npecrannxmr coo ceptesnte
ntsont n npenxrcrnnx, memammne ocrnxennm nene Hporpammt ecr-
nn. B cnxsn c +rnm coxpanxercx neoxonmocrt ynennuennx oemon rexnn-
uecxo n ]nnancono nomomn, oxastnaemo n orner na coornercrnymmym
npocty n nenxx napamnnannx nannonantnoro n pernonantnoro norennna-
na, neoxonmoro nx oecneuennx nonnoro n +]]exrnnnoro ocymecrnnennx
Hporpammt ecrnn n Mexynaponoro oxymenra no orcnexnnannm.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 689
Hornepxent oxsarentcrna rocyapcrn nsannrt mnp or ecrnn, no-
poxaemtx nesaxonntmn nponsnocrnom, nepeaue n ooporom HCO, nx
upesmepntm naxonnennem n ecxonrpontntm pacnpocrpanennem no mnornx
paonax mnpa.
B exnapannn nocrannena nent onrtcx x 2018 r. spnmtx n omyrnmtx
pesyntraron, xoropte npnneyr x yxpennennm esonacnocrn n nontmennm
yponnx xnsnn napoon naroapx npnnxrnm mep, nsnoxenntx n npnnaraemtx
nnanax ocymecrnnennx.
2. Hporpamma ecrnn no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxonno
ropronnn crpenxontm opyxnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee acnexrax
n opte c ne.
B oxymenre npeycmorpent nonnrnuecxne oxsarentcrna rocyapcrn no
yxpennennm nponecca ocymecrnnennx Hporpammt na nannonantnom, perno-
nantnom n rnoantnom yponnxx n 20122018 rr.
Yuacrnnxam Hporpammt npenaraercx: cnococrnonart paspaorxe n
ocymecrnnennm coornercrnymmnx saxonon, nopmarnnntx nonoxenn n a-
mnnncrparnnntx nponeyp n nenxx npeornpamennx pacnpocrpanennx nesa-
xonnoro HCO; yxpennxrt nannonantnte xoopnnannonnte mexannsmt nx
nontmennx yponnx xoopnnannn ycnnn npannrentcrnenntx neomcrn, npano-
oxpannrentntx opranon, nannonantntx opranon norpannunoro n ramoxennoro
xonrponx n opranon no ntaue paspemenn na nepeauy opyxnx; yxpennxrt
corpynnuecrno c coornercrnymmnmn pernonantntmn n mexynapontmn
oprannsannxmn, raxnmn xax Bcemnpnax ramoxennax oprannsannx n Hnrep-
non, n napamnnannn norennnana, neoxonmoro nx +]]exrnnnoro npeor-
npamennx n ncxopenennx nesaxonno ropronnn HCO; noyxart rocyapcrna
parn]nnnponart mexynapono-npanonte oxymenrt, xacammnecx nponem
reppopnsma n rpancnannonantno oprannsonanno npecrynnocrn, n rom unc-
ne Konnennnm OOH npornn rpancnannonantno oprannsonanno npecrynno-
crn n Hporoxont x ne, n uacrnocrn Hporoxon npornn nesaxonnoro nsroronne-
nnx n oopora ornecrpentnoro opyxnx, ero cocranntx uacre n xomnonenron,
a raxxe oenpnnacon x nemy, ononnxmmn Konnennnm; cnococrnonart co-
rpynnuecrny c rpaxancxnm omecrnom, nayuntmn n npomtmnenntmn xpy-
ramn n exrentnocrn no npeornpamennm nesaxonnoro oopora HCO.
3. Hocneymmax exrentnocrt no nroram Bropo xon]epennnn OOH
nx osopa nporpecca, ocrnrnyroro n ocymecrnnennn Hporpammt ecrnn
no npeornpamennm n ncxopenennm nesaxonno ropronnn crpenxontm opy-
xnem n nerxnmn noopyxennxmn no ncex ee acnexrax n opte c ne.
3rnm oxymenrom yrnepxen rpa]nx nocneymmnx ncrpeu: n 2014 n
2016 rr. cocroxrcx costnaemte pas n na roa conemannx rocyapcrn, n
2015 r. conemanne npannrentcrnenntx +xcnepron. B 2018 r. npenonaraercx
nponecrn Tpertm xon]epennnm OOH nx osopa nporpecca, ocrnrnyroro n
ocymecrnnennn Hporpammt.
Konxpernte remt nx conemann ne onpeenent n n omem nnane oo-
snauent xax nonpoct no paccmorpennm nonnrnuecxnx n rexnnuecxnx ac-
nexron n pyrnx axryantnte nponem, xoropte oxastnamr nenocpecrnennoe
nosecrnne na nponecc nonnoro n +]]exrnnnoro ocymecrnnennx Hporpam-
mt ecrnn OOH no HCO. Kpome roro, n +rom oxymenre nornepxena
nonesnocrt cnnxponnsannn cpoxon npecrannennx oponontntx nanno-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 690
nantntx oxnaon, xacammnxcx Hporpammt ecrnn, co cpoxamn nponee-
nnx conemann rocyapcrn, costnaemtx pas n na roa, n osopntx xon]e-
pennn, uro nosnonnr ynennunrt uncno n nontcnrt crenent nonesnocrn ox-
naon, a raxxe yer cnococrnonart ocyxennxm, npononmtm n xoe
ncrpeu.
4. 3axnmunrentnt oxymenr, nocnxmennt Mexynaponomy oxy-
menry, nosnonxmmemy rocyapcrnam cnoenpemenno n naexno ntxnnxrt n
orcnexnnart nesaxonnte crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx.
B oxymenre nornepxeno, uro xnmuentmn mepamn n opte c nesaxon-
no ropronne HCO xnnxmrcx mapxnponxa, neenne yuera n orcnexnnanne, no
xonxpernte cnocot ocymecrnnennx +rnx mep xnnxmrcx nannonantno npepo-
rarnno. B nem coepxarcx npnstnt yxpennxrt mexneomcrnennym xoopnna-
nnm na nannonantnom yponne nx oecneuennx cnoenpemennoro pearnponannx
na npoctt o orcnexnnannn; pacmnpxrt omen nn]opmanne o pesyntrarax
orcnexnnannx mexy xomnerenrntmn opranamn na nannonantnom, perno-
nantnom n mexynaponom yponnxx; yxpennxrt corpynnuecrno c coornercr-
nymmnmn yupexennxmn, opranamn n mnccnxmn OOH n c coornercrnymmn-
mn pernonantntmn oprannsannxmn n orcnexnnannn nesaxonnoro HCO.
Ornocnrentno nontmn +nemenramn xnnxmrcx: npnstn oecneunnart o-
nee recnym ynxsxy Mexynaponoro oxymenra no orcnexnnannm c Hporo-
xonom o ornecrpentnom opyxnn, ononnxmmnm Konnennnm OOH npornn
rpancnannonantno oprannsonanno npecrynnocrn, a raxxe npenoxennx o
nxnmuennn n nannonantnte oxnat ononnnrentno nn]opmannn no cne-
ymmnm nonpocam: o nosecrnnn nonmecrn, cnxsanntx c nsroronnennem,
rexnonorne nponsnocrna n xoncrpyxnne crpenxonoro opyxnx n nerxnx
noopyxenn, na +]]exrnnnocrt ycnnn no mapxnponxe, neennm yuera n or-
cnexnnannm; o npaxrnuecxnx marax no noepxannm n antnememy nont-
mennm yponnx +]]exrnnnocrn nannonantntx cncrem mapxnponxn, neennx
yuera n orcnexnnannx c axnenrom na raxne nonmecrna; o coornercrnymme
npaxrnxe, xacammecx mexynapono nomomn n cosannx norennnana,
nxnmuax nyrn coecrnnx nepeaue, ocnoennm n +]]exrnnnomy ncnontsona-
nnm coornercrnymmnx nncrpymenron n rexnonorn.
Cneyer nouepxnyrt, uro oxnannx xaxoro-ro npoptna n pemennn npo-
nem no naexnomy xonrponm na ooporom HCO ne onpanannct. Hpnunna
romy xpoercx n rom, uro ocrnxenne nsanmononnmannx no nponemarnxe
HCO n rem onee ntpaorxa omenpnemnemtx oxymenron rpannnonno co-
npxxent c nannunem pasnnuntx rouex spennx ornocnrentno nyre pemennx
nponemt HCO.
Cnexrp noxoon x +ro nponeme camt mnpoxn: or panxantntx, max-
cnmanncrcxnx, ncxoxmnx ns nannunx recno, moxno cxasart nepasptnno,
cnxsn mexy nerantno n nenerantno ropronne HCO, o mnnnmanncrcxnx,
onycxammnx rontxo onpeenennoe mexynaponoe nsanmoecrnne n ene
optt c nenerantntm ooporom HCO es nmemarentcrna nsnne n c]epy nnyr-
pennero saxonoarentcrna rocyapcrn n n nonpoct nannonantno npaxrnxn.
Hpn +rom neoxonmo yunrtnart, uro crpant xpynnte nponsnonrenn
HCO n rocyapcrna, xnnxmmnecx ero ocnonntmn norpenrenxmn, n npnnnnne
nectma cepxanno ornocxrcx x npnnxrnm mexynapontx oxsarentcrn n
c]epe HCO, xoropte npxmo nnn xocnenno mornn t sarponyrt nx nnrepect.
CTATBH, HPOIHO3B, HCKVCCHH 691
K npnmepy, CBA, npouno yepxnnammne neymee mecro n mnpe no ropronne
HCO n xnnxmmnecx ero ocnonntm nponsnonrenem, nocroxnno enamr ynop
na npnopnrernom xapaxrepe nnyrpennero saxonoarentcrna no nonpocam npo-
nsnocrna, ropronnn, xonrponx, xpanennx HCO, nocxontxy, xax onn yrnep-
xamr, amepnxancxne npannna na nopxox conepmennee n xecrue nmtx me-
xynapontx oronopennocre n oxsarentcrn.
Cneyer ormernrt orpomnoe nnnxnne amepnxancxoro opyxenoro non,
ne sannrepeconannoro no nneennn xaxnx-nno orpannuenn na npano rpax-
an CBA saxonno nnaert opyxnem, nocxontxy +ro neno t x ymentmennm
oxoon opyxentx aponon.
B +rom ornomennn nosnnnx CBA rpannnonno pacxonrcx c nnnne
Enpocomsa no nonpocam HCO. unent EC otuno ntcrynamr xonconnnpo-
nanno no +ro reme. EC, xax npannno, nacrpoen na onee panxantnte peme-
nnx. Poccnx, xax yxe yxastnanoct ntme, roxe ne xouer uro-ro menxrt n oc-
rarouno amop]nom oxymenre, xaxontm xnnxercx Hporpamma ecrnn OOH
no HCO.


3axnmuenne

Hponema crpenxonoro opyxnx neoremnemax uacrt rnoantnoro xom-
nnexca mexynapontx nponem, n xoropom xon]nnxr, esonacnocrt, noopy-
xennoe nacnnne, npecrynnocrt, ropronnx, npana uenonexa n pasnnrne nsanmo-
cnxsant.
Cosanne naexntx mep xonrponx na ero ooporom xnnxercx xnmuom x
ee pemennm. Ananns noxasan neconepmencrno, nenaexnocrt n nnsxym +]-
]exrnnnocrt ncnontsyemtx mep xonrponx, n cnxsn c uem n nnxamem n oo-
spnmom yymem noennte xon]nnxrt n nepno nononnne XXI n. ocranyrcx
nensexntm xnnennem noenno-nonnrnuecxo ocranonxn n mnpe.
Boennte xon]nnxrt yyr nopoxartcx ne onnm xaxnm-nno ]axro-
pom, a cnoxntm nepennerennem pasnnuntx connantno-nonnrnuecxnx, +xo-
nomnuecxnx, nannonantntx, pennrnosntx n pyrnx npornnopeun. Hx xonn-
uecrno, nnnmo, yer pacrn, a macmrat ynennunnartcx. Hpn +rom no
mnornx cymecrnymmnx n norennnantntx xon]nnxrax rnanencrnymmee sna-
uenne yyr nmert crpenxonoe opyxne n nerxne noopyxennx, uncno xoroptx
exerono n mnponom oopore nospacraer na 78 mnn e.
Yunrtnax mexynapont xapaxrep nerantno n nenerantno ropronnn
HCO, a raxxe ornocnrentnym nerxocrt ero rpancnoprnponxn, moxno xoncra-
rnponart, uro ne naen ynnnepcantnt cnoco +]]exrnnnoro npeornpame-
nnx esornercrnenntx nnn nesaxonntx nocranox opyxnx, n rom uncne nocra-
nox, napymammnx mexynaponte nnn pernonantnte +mapro.
Taxax cnryannx, no-nnnmomy, coxpannrcx o rex nop, noxa nonnrnue-
cxne oxsarentcrna rocyapcrn no xonrponm na ooporom otuntx noopy-
xenn, nxnmuax HCO, ne yyr cneent n onn nceoemnmmn mpnnuecxn
oxstnammn oxymenr, a cranaprt, xoropte onn cornacnnnct t conm-
art, ne yyr onpeenent n pamxax ynnnepcantno n npospauno cncremt,
enno nx ncex crpan.

II. HAYHHAR 3KCHEPTH3A


5. AKTYAHIHIE HPOFHEMI HEPACHPOCTPAHEHH
EPHOIO OPYH. RFHHEHHA KOHuEPEHHH
MEYHAPOHOIO HRKCEMFYPICKOIO uOPYMA
HO HPEOTBPABEHHR EPHOH KATACTPOuI

Bnanmnp EBCEEB

Ha nporxxennn nocnenoenntx ner mnponax nayunax omecrnennocrt
crpemnnact axrnnno nosecrnonart na nponecc xonrponx na xepntmn noo-
pyxennxmn n cnococrnonart yxpennennm pexnma xepnoro nepacnpocrpa-
nennx. Hauano +romy tno nonoxeno n 1955 r., xora n Honone tn nponos-
rnamen Mann]ecr Paccena-3nmrena. Ero anropamn crann 11 xpynnemnx
yuentx. Mann]ecr sanoxnn ocnony exrentnocrn Haryomcxoro nnxennx
yuentx mexynapono nenpannrentcrnenno nayuno oprannsannn, yo-
croenno n 1995 r. Hoenencxo npemnn mnpa sa mnoronernne ycnnnx no
cnnxennm xepno yrpost.
Cymecrnenno nosnee, n nmne 1981 r., npecrannrenn amepnxancxo na-
yuno +nnrt npo]eccop Mapnnn Ioneprep, npesnenr Kann]opnncxoro
rexnonornuecxoro nncrnryra, npo]eccop Bont]ranr Hano]cxn, npexrop Hen-
rpa nnnentx ycxopnrene Cr+n]opcxoro ynnnepcnrera, npo]eccop Hont
orn n tnmn samecrnrent npexropa Arenrcrna no xonrponm na noopy-
xennxmn n pasopyxennm Cnypreon Knnn npnexann n Mocxny no npnrname-
nnm npesnenra Axaemnn nayx CCCP axaemnxa Anaronnx Anexcanpona. B
xoe nnsnra onn oronopnnnct c rpynno conercxnx yuentx, n xoropym nxo-
nnn Hnxona Hnosemnen, Enrenn Bennxon, Ieoprn Aparon, Bnrann
Iontancxn n Bnrann ypxnn, o nocroxnntx xonraxrax n conmecrntx nc-
cneonannxx n onacrn orpannuennx n coxpamennx crparernuecxnx xepntx
noopyxenn. H +ro tno cenano n ycnonnxx pesxoro noxonoannx n ny-
croponnnx mexrocyapcrnenntx ornomennxx. Hosnee yxasannax rpynna no-
nyunna nasnanne Hocroxnnoro xomnrera Poccncxo axaemnn nayx
Hannonantno axaemnn nayx CBA no nponemam mexynapono esonac-
nocrn n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn
1
.
Btmeonncannte oprannsannn ecrnymr n nontne, uro cnnerentcrny-
er o nx ntcoxom norennnane n nocrpeonannocrn n conpemenntx ycnonnxx.
Hapxy c +rnm cosanannct n nonte oprannsannn, oennnnmne yuentx c
mnpontm nmenem nx ntpaorxn xonxperntx npenoxenn no naxnemnm
nponemam pernonantno n rnoantno esonacnocrn.

1
Haeepoe H. H., Eeceee B. B., Luu P. K. Konrpont na noopyxennxmn: 30 ner corpy-
nnuecrna axaemn nayx Poccnn n CBA // Becrnnx Poccncxo axaemnn nayx. M.,
2012. C. 653.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 693
Cneyer nasnart Mexynaponym xomnccnm no opyxnm macconoro
ynnuroxennx, xoropym nosrnannn Xanc Fnnxc, nsnecrnt mnecxn yuent
n omecrnennt exrent, renepantnt npexrop Mexynaponoro arenrcrna
no aromno +neprnn, MAIAT3 (19811997 rr.), Kaneppcxym xomnccnm no
xepntm noopyxennxm, Toxncxn ]opym no pasopyxennm, a raxxe Mexy-
naponym xomnccnm no xepnomy nepacnpocrpanennm n pasopyxennm, n xa-
uecrne conpecearene xoropo ntcrynnnn tnmne mnnncrpt nnocrpanntx
en Ancrpannn n nonnn coornercrnenno Iaper 3nanc n Hopnxo Kanaryun.
Ynnxantnoe mecro ceronx sanxn Mexynapont Hmxcemyprcxn ]o-
pym no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t xpynnax nenpannrentcrnennax
oprannsannx, xoropax n xoporxoe npemx cymena copart nmecre npecrannrent-
nym rpynny +xcnepron nepno nennunnt n onacrn nepacnpocrpanennx xep-
noro opyxnx, coxpamennx n orpannuennx noopyxenn.
Hmxcemyprcxn ]opym cosan pemennem Mexynapono xon]epen-
nnn no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t, cocroxnmecx 2425 max
2007 r. n Hmxcemypre.
Ocnonntmn saauamn uopyma xnnxmrcx:
a) coecrnne nponeccy orpannuennx n coxpamennx noopyxenn, nporn-
noecrnne napacrammnm yrposam pexnmy nepacnpocrpanennx n pasmtna-
nnm ocnon oronopa o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx (HO),
nxnmuax npeornpamenne pocra xepnoro reppopnsma n nontrox orentntx
crpan nonyunrt ocryn x xepntm marepnanam n rexnonornxm;
) yxpennenne rnoantnoro mnpa n esonacnocrn nyrem ncnontsonannx
nontx noxoon n paspaorxn npaxrnuecxn opnenrnponanntx npenoxenn
nx nonnrnuecxnx nnepon no xnmuentm acnexram xepnoro nepacnpocrpa-
nennx n xonrponx na noopyxennxmn
2
.
Ocnonntmn opranamn uopyma xnnxmrcx Mexynapont xoncyntra-
rnnnt coner (MKC) n Hanmarentnt coner (HC).
B MKC nxoxr oxono 50 neymnx +xcnepron ns pasntx crpan. unent MKC
nnocxr npenoxennx no nonecrxe nx, oprannsymr meponpnxrnx, yuacrnymr n
nororonxe nrorontx oxymenron uopyma nx pacctnxn neymnm nonnrn-
xam, mexynapontm oprannsannxm n omecrnenntm exrenxm ncero mnpa.
Hanmarentnt coner cocronr ns nnntx nonnrnxon, omecrnenntx
exrene, ncemnpno nsnecrntx yuentx. B nero nomnn: Xanc Fnnxc; Iaper
3nanc; C+m Hann, conpecearent uona Hnnnnarnna no coxpamennm
xepno yrpost; Ynntxm Heppn, tnmn mnnncrp oopont CBA; Pont]
3xeyc, npecearent Hpannennx Croxrontmcxoro mexynaponoro nncrnryra
nccneonann nponem mnpa, CHHPH (20012011 rr.); Hropt Hnanon, npesn-
enr Poccncxoro conera no mexynapontm enam (PCM), tnmn mn-
nncrp nnocrpanntx en Poccnn; Hnxona Hanepon, axaemnx, nnne-
npesnenr Poccncxo axaemnn nayx (PAH); Poant Careen, axaemnx PAH,
npo]eccop Ynnnepcnrera mrara M+pnnen.
unent Hanmarentnoro conera amr pexomenannn no nanpannennxm
exrentnocrn uopyma xax omecrnenno oprannsannn ntcoxoro yponnx, na-
nenenno na yxpennenne mnpa n esonacnocrn.

2
O]nnnantnt car Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma no npeornpamennm
xepno xaracrpo]t: <http://luxembourgforum.org/events/aboutforum>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 694
Hpesnenr uopyma Bxuecnan Kanrop, oxrop nayx, nsnecrnt mexy-
napont omecrnennt exrent, ]nnanrpon, npenpnnnmarent n nnnecrop.
Bxuecnan Kanrop pyxononr pxom mexynapontx omecrnenntx oprann-
sann.
Hpaxrnuecxn cpasy uopymy yanoct ycranonnrt ornomennx c MAIAT3.
3ro cnyunnoct n 2007 r. na Mexynapono xon]epennnn no npeornpame-
nnm xepno xaracrpo]t n Hmxcemypre, na xoropo c npnnercrnenno pe-
utm ntcrynnn renepantnt npexrop MAIAT3 Moxamme +nt-Fapaen.
B xonne mapra 2008 r. M. +nt-Fapaen npnnxn nonnomountx npecrann-
rene Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma Anexcex Aparona n
Bnanmnpa nopxnna. Bo npemx +ro ncrpeun cocroxncx omen mnennxmn o
nepcnexrnnax Kon]epennnn 2010 r. no paccmorpennm ecrnnx HO.
Hpecrannrenn uopyma nsnoxnnn renepantnomy npexropy MAIAT3 cnon
nsrnxt ornocnrentno cnoxntx nponem, cnxsanntx c npancxo xepno
nporpammo, n nepcnexrnn nx mnpnoro yperynnponannx na ocnone nanora,
xax +ro npeycmorpeno coornercrnymmnmn pesonmnnxmn Conera Fesonacno-
crn OOH.
Ocooe nnnmanne tno yeneno neoxonmocrn ycnnennx cncremt ra-
panrn MAIAT3, n rom uncne mnpoxoro conmennx crpanamn Cornamennx
o nceoemnmmnx rapanrnxx, a raxxe ononnnrentnoro nporoxona (1997 r.) x
nemy, ynyumennx xonrponx na xepntm ronnnnntm nnxnom, nxnmuax cosa-
nne mexynapontx nenrpon no npeocrannennm ycnyr n onacrn xepnoro
ronnnnnoro nnxna, n ntnonnennx ncex coornercrnymmnx oxsarentcrn rocy-
apcrn unenon HO.
B nocneymmn nepno, nnnort o cnoe mnneno xon]epennnn n
2012 r., Hmxcemyprcxn ]opym nponen 15 xpynntx meponpnxrn n ]opmare
mexynapontx xon]epennn, cemnnapon, saceann Hanmarentnoro co-
nera uopyma n ero Paounx rpynn.
3rn meponpnxrnx npoxonnn n Mocxne, cronnnax pyrnx enponecxnx
rocyapcrn, a raxxe n Bamnnrrone. Bce +ro nosnonnno nonneut n paory
Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma nontsymmnxcx n mnpe sacnyxenntm ynaxennem
+xcnepron n onacrn orpannuennx n coxpamennx noopyxenn, xepnoro ne-
pacnpocrpanennx n pyrnx axryantntx nponem n c]epe mexynapono
esonacnocrn.
Ftnn ycranonnent recnte ornomennx c raxnmn xpynntmn mexyna-
pontmn oprannsannxmn, xax Haryomcxoe nnxenne yuentx, nonnrnuecxnx
n omecrnenntx exrene sa mnp, pasopyxenne, esonacnocrt n nayunoe co-
rpynnuecrno n Croxrontmcxn mexynapont nncrnryr nccneonann
nponem mnpa.
B nenxx nn]opmnponannx mexynaponoro coomecrna o exrentnocrn
Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma ntnymeno ontmoe xonnuecrno xnnr, pommp,
copnnxon nrorontx oxymenron n pasnnunoro poa yxneron na pyccxom n
anrnncxom xstxax.
Temarnxa meponpnxrn uopyma ocrarouno omnpna n nxnmuaer xax
omne nonpoct coxpamennx crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn n
yxpennennx pexnma xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx, rax n cnenn]nuecxne re-
mt (nanpnmep, npancxax xepnax nporpamma, cenepoxopecxn xepnt xpn-
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 695
snc, nosmoxnocrn cranonnennx corpynnuecrna Poccnn, CBA n pyrnx crpan
HATO n nnrepecax cosannx enponecxo n rnoantno cncrem HPO).
Meponpnxrnx sanepmannct npnnxrnem nroronoro (saxnmunrentnoro)
oxymenra, xonnn xoroporo tnn pasocnant rnanam rocyapcrn n pyxono-
crny xpynntx mexynapontx oprannsann.
Hrorn exrentnocrn Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma sa nx-
rnnernn nepno tnn noneent na mnneno xon]epennnn Axryantnte
nponemt nepacnpocrpanennx xepnoro opyxnx, xoropax cocroxnact n Fep-
nnne 45 nmnx 2012 r. B ne npnnxnn yuacrne 54 neymnx +xcnepra ns 11
crpan, ntcoxonocrannennte npecrannrenn ueepantnoro npannrentcrna
Iepmannn, MAIAT3, a raxxe nnocrpanntx nocontcrn. K yuacrnnxam xon]e-
pennnn oparnncx mnnncrp nnocrpanntx en Pu Cepre Hanpon
3
.
B xoe xon]epennnn +xcneprt ntpasnnn rouxy spennx, uro nponecct
xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx n coxpamennx crparernuecxnx noopyxenn ne-
pasptnno nsanmocnxsant mexy coo. Hmenno no+romy Enpona cront ax-
rnnno noepxana parn]nxannm oronopa mexy Poccne n CBA o mepax
no antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm crparernuecxnx nacrynarent-
ntx noopyxenn (Hpaxcxoro oronopa).
Cocroxnoct yrnynennoe ocyxenne npancxoro n cenepoxopecxoro
xepntx xpnsncon, a raxxe nyre oecneuennx esonacnocrn n Enpone, n rom
uncne cosannx omeenponecxo cncremt HPO. B uacrnocrn, ormeuent
yuennx c +nemenramn xomntmrepnoro moennponannx no npornnopaxerno
oopone rearpa noenntx ecrnn (TB), xoropte npomnn n xonne mapra
2012 r. n r. Orropyn (Iepmannx). Yuennx cocroxnnct n pamxax Conera Poc-
cnxHATO (CPH) n nenxx nsyuennx pasnnuntx napnanron oecneuennx HPO
n Enpone. Onn tnn oprannsonant noenno-nosymntmn cnnamn Iepmannn
npn noepxxe opranon noennoro ynpannennx HATO n Cnennantno rpynnt
no pacmnpenno npornnonosymno oopone
4
. B yuennxx npnnxnn yuacrne
poccncxne cnennanncrt n +xcneprt HATO
5
.
Yuacrnnxn mnneno xon]epennnn yennnn ontmoe nnnmanne npo-
neme yxpennennx pexnma xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx. Ormeueno, uro 105
rocyapcrn ntnonnxmr rpeonannx ononnnrentnoro nporoxona (1997 r.) x
Cornamennm c MAIAT3 o npnmenennn rapanrn. Onaxo mecrt rocyapcrn c
nponnnyrtmn xepntmn nporpammamn, nxnmuax Aprenrnny, Fpasnnnm,
Ernner n Hpan, cunramr, uro yxasannt nporoxon nocnr ncxpnmnnannon-
nt xapaxrep. Ho+romy +rn rocyapcrna orxastnamrcx ero ntnonnxrt, uro
cosaer ceptesnym nponemy n c]epe xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx.
3xcneprt ntcxasann px pexomenann, n uacrnocrn: Conery Fesonac-
nocrn OOH nserart ynnponannx exrentnocrn MAIAT3 nyrem ncxnm-
uennx ns paccmorpennx nonpocon, cnxsanntx c pasnnrnem aromno +neprernxn,

3
Rnnenax xon]epennnx Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma n Fepnnne. 45 nmnx 2012 r. //
O]nnnantnt car Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma no npeornpamennm xep-
no xaracrpo]t: <http://luxembourgforum.org/forum/berlin-2012>.
4
Cnennantnax rpynna no pacmnpenno npornnonosymno oopone oprannsannx, n co-
cran xoropo nxoxr na rocyapcrna: Iepmannx n Hnepnant.
5
O]nnnantnt car Oprannsannn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa. 26 mapra 2012 r.,
<http://www.nato.int/cps/ru/SID-8E524DA4-6CC85397/natolive/news_85685.htm? selectedLo-
cale=ru.>.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 696
npn orcyrcrnnn ceptesno yrpost xepnoro pacnpocrpanennx, a MAIAT3
yunrtnart, uro cosanaemt anx xepnoro ronnnna ne xnnxercx antrepnarn-
no camocroxrentnomy nponsnocrny raxoro ronnnna.
Yuacrnnxn xon]epennnn npeocrepernn ncex or onacnocrn nonaannx n
rax nastnaemym nonymxy esxepnoro mnpa n ycnonnxx, noxa nx +roro
ner coornercrnymmnx ycnonn.
Hpecrannrenn MAIAT3, yuacrnonanmne n paore mnneno xon]e-
pennnn, oparnnn nnnmanne na neoxonmocrt ynennuennx xonnuecrna es-
xepntx son. B pxe pernonon mnpa onn yxe cymecrnymr n ycnemno
orpannunnamr pacnpocrpanenne xepnoro opyxnx. C +rnm recno cnxsan n
pyro nonpoc, xoropt rpeyer neornoxnoro pemennx: ycranonnenne xecr-
xoro n +]]exrnnnoro xonrponx na nponsnocrnom, xpanennem, +xcnoprom
(nmnoprom) pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon no ncex es ncxnmuennx xepntx
crpanax.
Poccncxne yuacrnnxn xon]epennnn ormernnn, uro Poccnx n CBA no-
npexnemy crpemxrcx noepxnnart ananc crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx
noopyxenn n pamxax xonnennnn xepnoro cepxnnannx. Ha +ro ocnone
rpyno nnrartcx antme. B xauecrne nosmoxnoro pemennx +ro nponemt
tno npenoxeno norn na nsanmnt orxas or nanecennx nepnoro xepnoro
yapa no nn]opmannn or cncrem npeynpexennx o paxernom nanaennn.
Mnorne +xcneprt c rpenoro ormeuann, uro nponecc antnemero co-
xpamennx crparernuecxnx nacrynarentntx noopyxenn naxonrcx n rynnxe.
Btcxastnannct noxenannx, urot nce o]nnnantnte xepnte rocyap-
crna nocrannnn no xonrpont MAIAT3 cocrnennte npenpnxrnx xepnoro
ronnnnnoro nnxna. 3ro nnonne nosmoxno, rax xax npaxrnuecxn npexpameno
nponsnocrno pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon n noenntx nenxx. Ocoenno
naxno, urot x +romy nponeccy npncoennnncx Knra.
Houepxnnanoct, uro naext na npoonxenne nponecca coxpamennx
xepntx noopyxenn asnpymrcx na nponecce ntnonnennx ycnonn Hpax-
cxoro oronopa n poccncxo-amepnxancxoro oronopa o mnpnom ncnontsona-
nnn aromno +neprnn (Cornamenne 123), a raxxe nrorax Ceyntcxoro (2012 r.)
cammnra no xepno esonacnocrn.
C poccncxo rouxn spennx nponecc antnemero coxpamennx xepntx
noopyxenn yer sanncert or nepcnexrnn cosannx rnoantno cncremt
HPO, coxpamennx raxrnuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx (TO) n pyrnx npnunn.
Ho-nnnmomy, na +ror nponecc yyr nnnxrt n pernonantnte xon]nnxrt
ontmoro macmraa.
Mocxna ntcrynaer sa peannsm n npaxrnnnsm n c]epe coxpamennx xep-
ntx noopyxenn. Ho mepe neoxonmocrn ona rorona npononrt neperonopt
n +ro c]epe, no nacrannaer na oxsarentnom ycnonnn: raxo nponecc ne
onxen noptnart crparernuecxym cranntnocrt. Hpn +rom nexoropte poc-
cncxne npecrannrenn nonaramr, uro nponecc coxpamennx xepntx noopy-
xenn nyxno naunnart rontxo nocne ntnonnennx Hpaxcxoro oronopa c
yuerom peannsannn nnanon CBA no pasneprtnannm cncrem HPO n ntnoy
opyxnx n xocmoc, a raxxe ycrpanennx ncananca mexy Pu n HATO n c]e-
pe otuntx noopyxenn.
Bosnnxnonenne nponemt HPO cnnerentcrnyer o rom, uro eme ne ns-
xnrt nepexnrxn craporo mtmnennx. Inanno nponemo crano neonepne,
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 697
xoropoe moxno npeoonert rontxo n pamxax conmecrno npaxrnuecxo ex-
rentnocrn.
Mnennx poccncxnx +xcnepron o nyrxx pemennx +ro nponemt pase-
nnnnct. Onn ns nnx nonaramr, uro Mocxna nmeer npano rpeonart or Ba-
mnnrrona npeocrannennx mpnnuecxnx rapanrn o nenanpannennocrn
npornn nee cosanaemo cncremt HPO. Ocnonannem nx +roro cnyxnr cne-
ymmn aprymenr: na pyexe 20182020 rr. yxasannax cncrema moxer ocna-
nrt norennnan CC Pu. urot +roro ne nponsomno, yxe ceuac nyxno
ntpaorart xpnrepnn, xoropte nosnonnnn t Mocxne nornepnrt ]axr ne-
nanpannennocrn npornn nee cosanaemo cncremt HPO. B npornnnom cnyuae
Poccnx yer ntnyxena orneuart mepamn noenno-rexnnuecxoro xapaxrepa.
pyrne +xcneprt cunramr, uro n ornomennn pasneprtnaemo cncremt
npornnopaxerno oopont Poccnx ntnnraer CBA nenpnemnemte rpeona-
nnx. Ho nx mnennm, ne cneyer orpannunnart rexnnuecxne xapaxrepncrnxn
amepnxancxo cncremt. Pasymnee oronopnrtcx o ee apxnrexrype, paccmar-
pnnax amepnxancxym cncremy HPO n poccncxym Bosymno-xocmnuecxym
oopony (BKO) n ono cncreme xoopnnar. Hpnuem, ecnn Poccnx n CBA
cmoryr ycranonnrt corpynnuecrno n c]epe HPO, ro +ro nensexno npnneer
x nsmenennm xonnennnn xepnoro cepxnnannx.
Ftno raxxe ormeueno, uro cosanaemax HATO n Enpone cncrema HPO ne
oxastnaer cymecrnennoro nnnxnnx na npancxym xepnym nporpammy. Ho cy-
rn, +ro moxer pacnennnartcx xax nernacnoe cornacne 3anaa na xepnt cra-
ryc Hpana. H raxoe pasnnrne cotrn Terepan nnonne ycrpannaer, rax xax
nosnonxer nrpart na poccncxo-amepnxancxnx npornnopeunxx.
Ocooro paccmorpennx, no mnennm mexynapontx +xcnepron, sacny-
xnnaer nponema coxpamennx raxrnuecxoro xepnoro opyxnx. B onocro-
ponnem nopxxe Poccnx yxe coxparnna TO, cnxna c noopyxennx n uacrnuno
pasmecrnna TO na coornercrnymmnx apcenanax. Hponecc antnemero co-
xpamennx raxnx noopyxenn moxer nrn n cneymme nocneonarentnocrn:
ntnos TO na nannonantnym reppnropnm, ynnuroxenne coornercrnymme
nn]pacrpyxrypt, orxas or conmecrnoro ncnontsonannx xepnoro opyxnx. He-
comnenno, uro nmenno CBA onxnt nauart +ror nponecc.
He cneyer neoonennnart n onacnocrt xepnoro reppopnsma, ocoenno
c yuerom nosmoxnoro yuacrnx n +rom ncnamncron.
3xcneprt CBA nponn]opmnponann, uro n reuenne nocnennx nyx ner
amepnxancxn Coner no samnre npnpontx pecypcon n Hncrnryr CBA n
Kanat PAH nponenn moennponanne nsanmnoro omena xepntmn yapamn.
Honyuennte pesyntrart nornepnnn npnnnnnnantnym nosmoxnocrt nx Pu
n CBA nrn na antnemee coxpamenne xepntx noopyxenn: o 900 oe-
sapxon, pasnepnyrtx na crparernuecxnx nocnrenxx.
Onaxo ntnemnxx nnyrpnnonnrnuecxax cnryannx, n nepnym ouepet n
CBA, ne xnnxercx naronpnxrno nx antnemero coxpamennx xepntx
noopyxenn. Tax, 39 amepnxancxnx cenaropon npeynpennn npesnenra Fa-
paxa Oamy o neonycrnmocrn corpynnuecrna c Poccne n noenno-rexnnuec-
xo c]epe.
Homnmo +roro ntnemnxx xonnennnx crparernuecxo cranntnocrn cy-
xena o omena xepntmn yapamn es yuera nepoxrnocrn peannsannn cne-
napnen oentx ecrnn. Taxym cnryannm moxno nsmennrt na ocnone nc-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 698
nontsonannx nymepno moenn, nxnmuamme n xauecrne napamerpon npemx
n nanocnmt ymep. C ee nomomtm ocrarouno nerxo oxasart, uro nx Poc-
cnn n CBA nenecoopasno cnnxart oeroronnocrt crparernuecxnx xepntx
cnn, ro ecrt ynennunnart npemx nororonxn annncrnuecxnx paxer (xptnartx
paxer nosymnoro asnponannx) x nycxy.
Cymecrnennoe pacxoxenne nosnnn coxpanxercx no nonpocy o raxrn-
uecxom xepnom opyxnn. C amepnxancxo rouxn spennx, TO mano nnnxer na
nponecc xepnoro cepxnnannx, a ero naxoxenne n Enpone onpeenxercx
rontxo nonnrnuecxnmn npnunnamn. Homnmo +roro HATO cocronr ns 28 rocy-
apcrn, ns xoroptx rontxo rpn nmemr xepnt craryc. Ho +ro ne nomemano
na cammnre 2012 r. HATO n unxaro ncem rocyapcrnam unenam antxnca npo-
ronoconart sa coxpanenne n Enpone amepnxancxoro raxrnuecxoro xepnoro
opyxnx. Cneonarentno, no nx mnennm, mexy xepntmn n esxepntmn
rocyapcrnamn no nonpocy TO ne cront yx ontmne pasnnunx.
Amepnxannt raxxe ormeuamr nannune ceptesntx rexnnuecxnx nponem
n c]epe npornnopaxerno oopont. B uacrnocrn, coxpanxmrcx snaunrentnte
orpannuennx no antnocrn onapyxennx oerononox mexxonrnnenrantntx
annncrnuecxnx paxer (MFP) c nomomtm nmemmnxcx panonoxannonntx
crannn. He pemena saaua cenexnnn oerononox na ]one noxntx nene.
Tem ne menee amepnxancxoe pyxonocrno cornacno norparnrt ononnnrentno
na HPO 10 mnp onn., nnmt t nynnuno ne ocyxart +ry nponemy.
B CBA ormeuamr ]axr ronxn noopyxenn n Rxno Asnn, uro oxc-
nxercx noxnnennem n nno-naxncrancxom xon]nnxre rpertero yuacrnnxa
Knrax. Tax, n Haxncrane paspaartnaercx nyxcrynenuarax rneporonnnnnax
paxera Baxnn-2 monntnoro asnponannx c antnocrtm crpentt o 2.5
rtc. xm. Yxe ncntrana xptnarax paxera Xa]r-7, cnoconax ocrannrt
xepnt oesapx na paccroxnne o 700 xm. 3ro ocrarouno nx oprannsannn
cepxnnannx Hnnn.
Htm-enn, co cnoe cropont, ncntrana annncrnuecxym rpexcrynenua-
rym paxery Arnn-5 antnocrtm crpentt cntme 5 rtc. xm, xoropax cno-
cona necrn rpn F3 nnnnnyantnoro naneennx. B 2014 r. moxer trt
ncntrana MFP Cyptx antnocrtm nonera 812 rtc. xm, cnoconax necrn
o 10 F3. B Hnnn crpoxrcx rpn aromnte nononte noxn. H +ro enaercx
ne n xauecrne samnrt or Haxncrana, a n nenxx cepxnnannx nce onee ycnnn-
nammerocx Knrax. B ro xe npemx crparernx Hnnn saxnmuaercx n rom, urot
no ornomennm x esxepntm rocyapcrnam ne npnmenxrt xepnoe opyxne
nepntmn. Ho nacroxnnm xomanymmero cyxonyrntmn nocxamn renepana
Am]axa Kaxnn Haxncran nosepxancx or ananornunoro mara.
B ornomennn npancxo xepno nponemt amepnxancxnmn +xcnepramn
ormeuanact +]]exrnnnocrt nneenntx npornn Hcnamcxo Pecnynnxn Hpan
(HPH) ]nnancono-+xonomnuecxnx canxnn. Tem ne menee Terepan npoonxa-
er napaartnart ooramennt ypan. H tno t onpomerunno npeynennun-
nart nnn npeymentmart ncxoxmym c ero cropont yrposy. Yxe naxonnennoro
n HPH nnsxoooramennoro ypana (HOY) ocrarouno nx nponsnocrna (no-
cne oooramennx) uertpex xepntx oesapxon. 3a nocnenn ro yponent
nponsnocrna HOY n Hpane ynennunncx na 30%. Homnmo +roro tno naxon-
neno 145 xr ypana, ooramennoro o 20%, uacrt ns xoroporo tna nepeneena
n ]opmy oxcna nx nsroronnennx xepnoro ronnnna.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 699
Honoe npenpnxrne no ooramennm ypana n uopo naxonrcx nnyrpn
ropt na rnynnax 8090 m. Hpany rax n ne yanoct sanycrnrt ram onee co-
npemennte rasonte nenrpn]yrn rnna P-2. Ho-nnnmomy, +ro crano nenos-
moxno nocne yxecrouennx n ero ornomennn npannn +xcnoprnoro xonrponx na
ocnone canxnn CF OOH. Ho +rnm xe npnunnam sanycx n Apaxe nccneona-
rentcxoro rxxenononoro peaxropa IR-40 momnocrtm 40 MBr, xoropt cmo-
xer napaartnart exerono 9 xr nnyronnx, cnnnyr na nepnt xnapran
2014 r. Ho amepnxancxnm anntm, n cnyuae npnnxrnx coornercrnymmero no-
nnrnuecxoro pemennx Terepany rpeyercx onn ro nx nponsnocrna arom-
no omt. Onaxo nx oecneuennx xepnoro cepxnnannx emy nyxno ne
menee mecrn xepntx oesapxon.
Ftno ormeueno, uro nocne Cramyntcxnx (2012 r.) neperonopon mec-
repxn mexynapontx nocpennxon no yperynnponannm npancxoro xepno-
ro xpnsnca oxnannx n ornomennn Terepana tnn santmennte. Onaxo
ycrynxn c ero cropont nosmoxnt rontxo n rom cnyuae, ecnn EC cmxrunr nne-
ennte ]nnancono-+xonomnuecxne canxnnn. B Fpmccene +roro enart ne co-
npamrcx, uro ntstnaer ornernym peaxnnm HPH, xoropax moxer
noronxnyrt Hspannt x nanecennm yapa no npancxnm xepntm oexram.
Hspanntcxne +xcneprt nonaramr, uro ncrynnenne Hnnn n Ipynny xep-
ntx nocranmnxon osnauaer npnsnanne sa ne xepnoro craryca. B Tent-
Annne +ro nocnpnnxnn xax nonnrnxy nontx cranapron.
Co cropont Knrax tno npenoxeno ne cnonrt nonxrne esonacnocrn
rontxo x crparernuecxo cranntnocrn. Hyxno ncrannnponartcx or ocyx-
ennx +roro nonxrnx n ontme nnnmannx yenxrt mopantntm nennocrxm. Ho
cyrn, crparernuecxax cranntnocrt +ro pnropnxa. Bet axe es xepnoro
opyxnx moxno ne ocrnut crparernuecxo cranntnocrn. nx +roro nyxno
crparernuecxoe onepne.
B xauecrne onnonnponannx sanantm xonneram tno saxnneno, uro He-
xnn ne cosaer nponemy nx nororonxn oronopa o sanpemennn nponsno-
crna pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon n noenntx nenxx. H xorx sanact n Knrae
raxnx marepnanon ne cront nennxn, on ne conpaercx nponsnonrt xepnte
marepnant opyxenoro xauecrna.
Ouennno, uro na Kopecxom nonyocrpone coxpanxercx noennax xon-
]ponrannx, a cenepoxopecxax xepnax nponema nnmt npoonxenne raxo
xon]ponrannn. Hpn +rom nyxno nonnmart, uro crpant, nonneuennte n +ror
xon]nnxr, onnpamrcx nnn moryr onnpartcx na xepnoe opyxne. B raxnx yc-
nonnxx xpane rpyno onrtcx enyxneapnsannn Kopecxoro nonyocrpona.
Bet n xaxom rocyapcrne yuacrnnxe neperonopon ecrt cocrnennte nnyr-
pennne nponemt, a mecrncroponnne neperonopt no yperynnponannm xep-
noro xpnsnca ne saxonunnnct nponanom.
Hanontmee nnnmanne cenepoxopecxo nponeme yennnn +xcneprt ns
Pecnynnxn Kopex. Onn ormernnn, uro nocne cmeprn Knm uen Hpa crpany
nosrnannn ero 26-nernn ctn Knm uen In. On xnnxercx cnao nonnrnue-
cxo ]nrypo, xoropax yepxnnaer nnacrt rontxo naroapx noepxxe co
cropont nnxamnx pocrnennnxon. Bnyrpn +nnrt emy cosan onpeenen-
nt npornnonec.
Ho nx mnennm, n Cenepno Kopee ycnnnnaercx pont pasnexn n annapa-
ra opranon ncnonnnrentno nnacrn. Ho-nnnmomy, +xonomnxa Cenepno Ko-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 700
pen naxonrcx n xpane rxxenom cocroxnnn, uro oycnonneno orcyrcrnnem
peantntx pe]opm. Bnyrpn crpant napacraer nnnxnne uacrnoro cexropa. He-
cmorpx na nneenne nonnrnxo-+xonomnuecxnx canxnn co cropont Conera
Fesonacnocrn OOH, coxpanxercx xpynnomacmranax nesaxonnax ropronnx,
oemt xoropo cocrannxmr o 1 mnp onn. n ro.
Cneyx npnnxro rpannnn, no nroram mnneno xon]epennnn Mex-
ynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma tn npnnxr oxymenr, nanpannennt
nnepam neymnx rocyapcrn, pyxononrenxm xpynnemnx mexynapontx
oprannsann. (oxymenr onynnxonan n nacroxmem nsannn.)

***
Rnnenax xon]epennnx Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma
no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t crana snaxontm cotrnem. Ona
nonena nrorn nxrnnerne ocrarouno ycnemno paort ]opyma, npnnnexna
nnnmanne mnpono omecrnennocrn x ocrptm nponemam n c]epe coxpame-
nnx crparernuecxnx noopyxenn n xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx, namernna
nyrn nx pemennx. Taxnm opasom, tna npoonxena mnoronernxx rpannnx
axrnnnoro yuacrnx yuentx n nesanncnmtx +xcnepron n ene yxpennennx me-
xynapono esonacnocrn.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 701
6. POCCHHCKHE 3KCHEPTI O BO3MOHOCTH
HPHBHEuEHH KHTA K MHOIOCTOPOHHHM
HEPEIOBOPAM HO KOHTPOHR HA EPHIMH
BOOPYEHHMH
6



Tartxna AHHuKHHA

Knra nn]opmannonno camoe saxptroe ns ncex o]nnnantntx xepntx
rocyapcrn, onaammee npn +rom snaunrentntm norennnanom napamnnannx
cnoero apcenana n ne cnxsannoe comsnnuecxnmn ornomennxmn c pyrnmn
unenamn xepnoro xnya. Ero noxnmuenne x coornercrnymmnm neperono-
pam nacymnax neoxonmocrt n nnane rnoantno n pernonantno crpare-
rnuecxo cranntnocrn, esonacnocrn n nepcnexrnn xepnoro pasopyxennx.
Bo-nepntx, osaouennocrt mnponoro coomecrna ntstnaer nexenanne
Knrax oecneunrt rpancnapenrnocrt cnoe nporpammt xepntx noopyxenn
n crparernn nx npnmenennx n xax cnecrnne sarpynennx, xoropte ncntrt-
namr nnemnne +xcneprt npn onenxe xepnoro norennnana Knrax.
Bo-nroptx, npocmarpnnaercx ror pyex n coxpamennn n orpannuennn
xepntx noopyxenn, antme xoroporo Poccnx n CBA ne saxorxr norn es
noxnmuennx rpertnx crpan. Ho coopaxennxm nannonantno esonacnocrn
n crparernuecxo cranntnocrn Mocxna n Bamnnrron, xoropte n pamxax o-
ronopa no CHB or 2010 r. cornacnnnct coxparnrt cnon xepnte noopyxennx
o yponnx n 1550 e., ne noyr na antnemne coxpamennx n +ro c]epe,
ecnn onenxa omnx sanacon xnracxnx xepntx oesapxon (F3) n 1600
1800 e. yer npnsnana oocnonanno.
B.B. Mnxeen, unen-xoppecnonenr PAH, pyxononrent Henrpa asnarcxo-
rnxooxeancxnx nccneonann HM3MO, anannsnpyer conoxynnocrt nyx ac-
nexron: xax Knra eocnpuuu+aem yrpost cocrnenno esonacnocrn n xa-
xne yrpost rnoantno n pernonantno esonacnocrn npeocmae.em cam
Knra. nx +roro anrop npononr ananns ocnonntx conpemenntx renennn
pasnnrnx KHP, nnemnnx yrpos, pernonantntx yrpos n ntsonon, xoropte
npecrannxer coo Knra nx mnponoro coomecrna.
Cpen ocoennocre pasnnrnx KHP Mnxeen ormeuaer npenpamenne
crpant n ptnounym +xonomnxy npn coxpanennn monononnn Kommynncrnue-
cxo naprnn na nnacrt, a raxxe nosnnnonnponanne na mexynapono apene
xax onoro ns neymnx nrpoxon npn nexenannn part na cex coornercrnym-
mne oxsarentcrna. Honnrnuecxne n +xonomnuecxne rpanc]opmannn ocyme-
crnnxmrcx xnracxnm pyxonocrnom n ycxopennom remne, uro, no mnennm
anropa, cosaer cnoxnocrn n ero nocnpnxrnn mnpontm coomecrnom.

6
Hcnontsonant marepnant copnnxa crare Hepcnexrnnt yuacrnx Knrax n orpannue-
nnn xepntx noopyxenn / Ho pe. A.I. Aparona, B.3. nopxnna, C.K. Osnonmena. M.:
HM3MO PAH, 2012. B ocnony anno nynnxannn nernn marepnant xon]epennnn, cocroxn-
mecx 28 nmnx 2012 r. n HM3MO PAH. Ona npoonxnna npenpnnxrte poccncxnmn +xc-
nepramn nccneonannx nosmoxnocrn yuacrnx rpertnx xepntx rocyapcrn n nponecce
orpannuennx n coxpamennx xepntx noopyxenn.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 702
Bnemnne yrpost nannonantno esonacnocrn nmemr nx Knrax +xono-
mnuecxoe n nnyrpnnonnrnuecxoe nsmepennx. Hnrepect coxpanennx crannt-
nocrn pexnma nxrymr neoxonmocrt oennennx cnn c 3anaom n nenxx
npeornpamennx nonoro mnponoro +xonomnuecxoro xpnsnca, a raxxe cep-
xannocrt n ornomennn pernonantntx xon]nnxron nne npeenon sont na-
nnonantntx nnrepecon.
Paxerno-xepnax nporpamma KHP nocnr n nepnym ouepet crarycnt
xapaxrep. Tem xe crarycntmn coopaxennxmn yer onpeenxrtcx pont
KHP no nsanmoecrnnn c pyrnmn rocyapcrnamn no nonpocam xonrponx na
xepntmn noopyxennxmn.
B ornomennn Tananx xnracxoe pyxonocrno enaer ocnonnym cranxy
na +xonomnuecxne n xyntrypnte ptuarn nnnxnnx. Hpn +rom Hexnn onesnen-
no pearnpyer na amepnxancxym axrnnnocrt n pernone, ycmarpnnax n ne no-
ntrxy c]opmnponart yry cepxnnannx nyrem saxnmuennx comson c
cocexmn Knrax no Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxomy pernony: nonne, Rxno
Kopee, Ancrpanne, unnnnnnnamn, Bternamom n Hnne.
Ha +rn ecrnnx Hexnn pearnpyer napamnnannem cocrnenno noenno
momn, nontmennem crparernuecxo monntnocrn, ntxoom sa npeent ame-
pnxancxo yrn cepxnnannx n cosannem noenntx onopntx nynxron n
antnem sapyexte.
uro xacaercx orentntx crpan n pyrnx pernonon, ro y xnracxoro pyxo-
nocrna, no mnennm +xcnepra, ntstnamr onacenne cneymmne nanpannennx:
emorpa]nuecxax nanpxxennocrt, cosanaemax noroxom exennen ns
KHP, xoropt ntsnan yxymennem connantno-+xonomnuecxnx ycnonn;
cnenapn noenno yrpost co cropont Cenepno Kopen: xonnanc ce-
nepoxopecxoro pexnma, yrpara xonrponx na xepntm norennnanom, nona-
anne xepnoro opyxnx n pyxn cenepoxopecxnx reppopncron, ero npoaxa n
pyrne crpant n r. .;
reppnropnantnte nperensnn n Rxno-Knracxom mope;
reppopncrnuecxax n cenaparncrcxax yrposa co cropont Henrpantno
Asnn n A]ranncrana;
reppnropnantnte cnopt c Hnne n Tnere;
Hnnx raxxe xnnxercx rnanntm norennnantntm noenno-
nonnrnuecxnm xonxypenrom n opte sa ne]rxnte pecypct n xommynnxannn
nx rpancnoprnponxn.
Ho mnennm Mnxeena, Knra ne npecrannxer crparernuecxo xepno
yrpost nx Pu n CBA, no nocnenne npnnnmamr no nnnmanne na ]axropa.
Hepnt npeonaanne n KHP xommynncrnuecxo (nannonanncrnuecxo)
neonornn. Bropo pocr noenntx pacxoon Hexnna.
3xcnepr nonaraer, uro xapaxrep ntsonon nx mexynaponoro coome-
crna co cropont Knrax cneyer rpaxronart xax nexpnrnunym arpeccnn-
nocrt: nnemnenonnrnuecxax arpeccnnnax axrnnnocrt Knrax ecrecrnenna nx
nonnuxa xnya neymnx mnpontx epxan, no ncnecrnne rnyoxo nonne-
uennocrn n rnoantnym +xonomnuecxym, ]nnanconym, +neprernuecxym cnc-
remy ornomenn Knra ne cmoxer nepern onpeenennte rpannnt, ne
nanecx nenpnemnemt ymep cnoe +xonomnxe n nnyrpnnonnrnuecxo cra-
nntnocrn.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 703
Mnxeen npenaraer cmxrunrt +]]exr xnracxo nexpnrnuno arpec-
cnnnocrn sa cuer nxnmuennx Hexnna n mnpoxn nanor no raxnm npone-
mam, xax crparernuecxax cranntnocrt, Cenepnax Kopex, Henrpantnax Asnx n
A]ranncran, ne axnenrnpyx nnnmanne na nponemntx acnexrax, raxnx xax
Tanant n pernon Rxno-Knracxoro mopx.
Ho mnennm A.B. Hyxnna, npexropa Henrpa nccneonann Bocrouno
Asnn n BOC MIHMO (Y), npopexropa nnnomarnuecxo axaemnn, npnnx-
rax n cenrxpe 1982 r. na XII cese Kommynncrnuecxo naprnn Knrax (KHK)
xonnennnx nesanncnmo n camocroxrentno nnemne nonnrnxn npoonxa-
er onpeenxrt exrentnocrt Hexnna na mnpono apene. Cmtcn xonnennnn
nencrynnenne n comsnnuecxne ornomennx c xaxo-nno ns cnepxepxan,
r. e. ypannnnanne CCCP n CBA xax naprnepon nnn npornnnnxon. Ho rnannoe
nounnenne nnemne nonnrnxn nenxm +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx crpant.
Hyxnn ntenxer cneymmne ocnonnte +nemenrt yxasanno xonnennnn:
camocroxrentnocrt n nesanncnmocrt n onpeenennn nnemnenonnrnue-
cxoro xypca: KHP ne nounnxercx nnxaxomy nnemnemy annennm, ne ycra-
nannnnaer nnxaxnx crparernuecxnx ornomenn c xpynntmn epxanamn nnn
noxamn crpan, ne yuacrnyer n ronxe noopyxenn, ne npononr noennym +xc-
nancnm;
samnry mexynaponoro mnpa n pannonpannx rocyapcrn: Hexnn nt-
crynaer npornn reremonnsma n nmemarentcrna no nnyrpennne ena pyrnx
crpan;
yuacrne n cosannn nonoro mexynaponoro nonnrnuecxoro n +xono-
mnuecxoro nopxxa, xoropt onxen orpaxart rpeonannx pasnnrnx ncro-
pnn n nexonoro nporpecca, onxen ntpaxart omne noxenannx n nnrepect
napoon ncero mnpa;
pasnnrne mexynaponoro corpynnuecrna na ocnone nxrn npnnnnnon
mnpnoro cocymecrnonannx: nsanmnoro ynaxennx cynepennrera n reppnropn-
antno nenocrnocrn, nsanmnoro nenanaennx, nenmemarentcrna no nnyrpennne
ena pyr pyra, panencrna n nsanmno ntrot, mnpnoro cocymecrnonannx.
Anrop yrnepxaer, uro naunnax c 1980-x roon n nnnort o neannero
npemenn, Knra ecrnnrentno npnepxnnancx ntmenepeuncnenntx nono-
xenn: sa ncxnmuennem xnsnenno naxntx nnrepecon, xoroptmn Hexnn ne
mor nocrynnrtcx (npnsnanne Tananx n Tnera, a panee Ionxonra n Maxao
uacrtm KHP). B ornomennxx co crpanamn mnpa, ocoenno cocennmn, npeo-
naana renennnx x pemennm xomnpomnccntmn cnocoamn reppnropnantntx
n pyrnx cnopon pan pasnnrnx roprono-+xonomnuecxoro corpynnuecrna n ne-
nmemarentcrno n nonpoct, nanpxmym ne sarparnnammne xnracxne nnrepect.
Axrnnnsannx nnemnenonnrnuecxnx ycnnn KHP n nocnenne rot o-
xcnxercx nnyrpn+xonomnuecxnmn ]axropamn.
Ftcrpopacrymn norennnan crpant, no-nepntx, oexrnnno npenparnn
Knra n onoro ns neymnx nrpoxon xax na mexynapono +xonomnuecxo,
rax n nonnrnuecxo apene, n, no-nroptx, nocrannn ero nepe nponemo ne-
xnarxn cocrnenntx pecypcon n orpannuennocrn nnyrpennero ptnxa nx
noepxannx ntcoxnx remnon npomtmnennoro pocra.
K romy xe px nponem, ntsnanntx ycxopenntm +xonomnuecxnm pasnn-
rnem (n c]epe +xonornn, rpyontx pecypcon n r. .), nepemarnynn nannonant-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 704
nte rpannnt Knrax n ntstnamr oecnoxoennocrt cocee no pernony n mn-
ponoro coomecrna.
B xauecrne peaxnnn na raxym oecnoxoennocrt xnracxoe npannrentcr-
no n 2003 r. ntnnnyno xonnennnm mnpnoro noema, necxontxo ner cnycrx
samennn ee no npnunne ee neonosnaunocrn nee rapmonnunoro mnpa.
Hocnenxx xonnennnx tna nnecena n Ycran KHK n npnstnana x cosannm
rapmonnunoro mnpa na ocnone crpororo conmennx mexynaponoro npana
n omenpnsnanntx nopm mexynapontx ornomenn, pasnnnart n +rnx orno-
mennxx yx emoxparnn, cornacnx, corpynnuecrna n nsanmnoro ntnrptma.
Hyxnn nonaraer, uro saaua +ro xonnennnn cocroxna n rom, urot yc-
noxonrt mnp ornocnrentno nene xnracxoro pasnnrnx, noxasart, uro pont
KHP n mnpe xoncrpyxrnnna, a ero ycnnenne axe ntrono ocrantntm. O
rom, uro nex rapmonnunoro mnpa ntnonnxna cnom pont nectma +]]exrnnno,
cnnerentcrnymr, no mnennm anropa, saxnnennx n 2009 r. narpnapxon nnem-
ne nonnrnxn CBA I. Knccnnxepa n 3. Fxesnncxoro ornocnrentno roro,
uro mnponax cranntnocrt sanncnr or cnoconocrn Bamnnrrona n Hexnna x
corpynnuecrny.
Onaxo n 2010 r. ornomenne 3anaa x ecrnnxm Knrax na mnpono ape-
ne nauano menxrtcx: npecneonanne nccnenron, neycrynunnocrt Hexnna no
rnercxomy n cenepoxopecxomy nonpocam, nponeme rnoantnoro norenne-
nnx npnnenn x romy, uro xnracxn nnemnenonnrnuecxn xypc crann nast-
nart camoynepenntm.
3xcnepr cunraer, uro +ry camoynepennocrt moxno nocnpnnnmart cno-
xono, xax crpemnenne xpynno n ycnemno epxant axrnnno orcrannart
cnon nnemnne nnrepect, no npn +rom ormeuaer pocr nannonanncrnuecxnx
nacrpoenn cpen npanxmnx xpyron crpant.
Hyxnn enaer ntno o rom, uro n xnracxom omecrne, nxnmuax ero npa-
nxmne xpyrn, cymecrnymr ceptesnte pasnornacnx no nonoy roro, xaxo xa-
paxrep onxen npnnxrt nnemnenonnrnuecxn xypc KHP.
Ymepennte anannrnxn, xax on nx nastnaer, yrnepxamr, uro onee ax-
rnnnoe orcrannanne cnonx nosnnn nonce ne osnauaer, uro Knra crpemnrcx x
npenpamennm n cnepxepxany: Hexnn cneyer mnpnomy nyrn pasnnrnx, mex-
ynaponoro corpynnuecrna n nontmennx +xonomnuecxo nnrerpannn.
B nnxy nx yrnepxennxm Hyxnn npnnonr npnmept yxymennx orno-
menn c CBA xax nonnrnuecxoro, rax n +xonomnuecxoro xapaxrepa. Hpnuem
raxoe yxymenne nerarnnno nnnxer n na onee cranntnte nsanmoornomennx
Hexnna c Mocxno. B nenom xe pocr nannonanncrnuecxo camoynepenno-
crn Knrax moxer sarponyrt ne rontxo nnrepect CBA, no n eme ontme
crenenn nonoxenne xnracxnx cocee, n rom uncne n Poccnn.
Onennnax xepnt norennnan KHP, neymn nayunt corpynnx Hn-
crnryra CBA n Kanat PAH, tnmn nauantnnx Inannoro mraa PBCH
B.H. Ecnn enaer ntno o rom, uro +ror norennnan xnno neoonennnaercx
mnpontm coomecrnom: Ho nce nnnmocrn, yxe ceuac KHP xnnxercx
rperte nocne CBA n Poccnn xepno epxano, xoropax, necomnenno, o-
naaer rexnnuecxnmn n +xonomnuecxnmn nosmoxnocrxmn, nosnonxmmnmn
npn neoxonmocrn tcrpo napacrnrt ee xepnym momt.
pyrnm aprymenrom n nontsy ntmenpnneennoro yrnepxennx +xcnepr
cunraer nannune pasnnro cncremt nosemntx ronnene, coopyxenntx xn-
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 705
racxo apmne n nenrpantntx paonax crpant. Ecnn ne nnnr nnoro noen-
noro npenasnauennx +rnx ronnene, nexenn nx xpanennx snaunrentnoro
xonnuecrna pesepnntx monntntx nycxontx ycranonox c annncrnuecxnmn n
xptnartmn paxeramn, a raxxe xepntx oenpnnacon.
Ecnn pexomenyer oxsarentno npnnnmart no nnnmanne xnracxn
]axrop npn paccmorpennn nosmoxnocrn saxnmuennx nmoro cneymmero
poccncxo-amepnxancxoro cornamennx no orpannuennm n coxpamennm xep-
ntx noopyxenn.
Ocnontnaxct na anannse nponsnocrnenntx momnocre xnracxnx sa-
noon no nponsnocrny pacmennxmmnxcx marepnanon, Ecnn npenonoxnn,
uro, no cocroxnnm na 2011 r., onn mornn napaorart o 40 r opyxenoro
ypana n oxono 10 r opyxenoro nnyronnx. 3roro ocrarouno nx nsroronne-
nnx 3600 xepntx oenpnnacon: 1600 ypanontx n 2000 nnyronnentx. Ho
ero onenxe, n xepnom apcenane KHP, nepoxrno, nacunrtnaercx 16001800
xepntx oenpnnacon. Hs nnx nx oneparnnnoro pasneprtnannx moxer trt
npenasnaueno 800900 ennnn, ocrantnte nx nnrentnoro xpanennx n n
ouepen na yrnnnsannm.
3xcnepr npnnen noponym nomenxnarypy xepntx oenpnnacon, npons-
nonmtx xnracxo noenno aromno npomtmnennocrtm. Tax, annannonnt
xomnonenr xepntx cnn KHP cocronr ns crparernuecxo annannn, n cocran
xoropo nxoxr antnne omapnponmnxn Xyn-6 (60 e. n oenom cocra-
ne, npnmepno crontxo xe na cxnacxom xpanennn), n raxrnuecxo annannn,
npecrannenno ncrpenrenxmn-omapnponmnxamn Hxn-5 n pyrnmn
yapntmn camoneramn, nporornnom xoroptx xnnxercx poccncxn mnorone-
neno ncrpenrent Cy-30 (ncero 300 e.). Omne sanact npenasnauenntx
nx oneparnnnoro pasneprtnannx annaom F-4 n F-5 cocrannxmr 440 e.
Hasemnt xomnonenr xnracxnx xepntx cnn cocronr ns Crparernuecxnx
paxerntx nocx n paxerntx xomnnexcon Cyxonyrntx nocx HOAK. Crparern-
uecxne paxernte nocxa npeocrannent Bropo aprnnnepne HOAK, n co-
cran xoropo nxoxr mecrt paxerntx as. Ho onenxam Ecnna, n nasemnom
xomnonenre xepntx cnn KHP moxer trt oxono 360 xepntx F3, npena-
snauenntx nx pasneprtnannx. Ecnn nonaraer, uro rpynronte monntnte
paxernte xomnnexct c MFP yn]an-31/31A coepxarcx n roronnocrn x
nemenennomy npnmenennm, r. e. x paxeram, naxoxmnmcx na nycxontx ycra-
nonxax n rpancnoprno-nycxonom xonrenepe, nocroxnno npncrtxonant xep-
nte rononnte uacrn.
Mopcxo xomnonenr xepntx cnn Knrax nxnmuaer n cex na rnna
HHAPF: noxy rnna Cx (npoexr 092) c 12 FPHH Hsmnan-1 n ne noxn
npoexra 094 c 12 FPHH Hsmnan-2. Taxnm opasom, n mopcxom xomnonenre
xepntx cnn KHP pasnepnyro 36 FPHH Hsmnan-1/2, oexomnnexr xep-
ntx rononntx uacre nx xoroptx cocrannxer 45 e.
uro xacaercx nepcnexrnn pasnnrnx xepntx cnn Knrax, xoropoe sanncnr
npexe ncero or nnanon CBA no cosannm rnoantno HPO n cocroxnnm
xepntx cnn cocennx c KHP rocyapcrn, ro Ecnn ormeuaer necxontxo noen-
ntx nporpamm:
moepnnsannx cymecrnymmnx n cepnnoe nponsnocrno nontx mon-
]nxann antnnx omapnponmnxon Xyn-6;
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 706
ocnamenne cymecrnymmnx n nepcnexrnnntx annncrnuecxnx paxer c
pasenxmmecx rononno uacrtm n cpecrnamn npeoonennx HPO;
paspaorxa nyx nontx rneporonnnnntx annncrnuecxnx paxer:
FPC rnna yn]an-25 n MFP rnna yn]an-41;
ycxopenne n nontmenne xauecrna crponrentcrna HHAPF npoexra 094;
moepnnsannx FPHH Hsmnan-2 c ocnamennem ee PIu HH;
nocrpoxa rononno HHAPF npoexra 096.
Paccmorpen xonnenryantnte ocnont noenno nonnrnxn KHP, ee cncre-
my noennoro ynpannennx n xaxt ns poon nocx HOAK, A.A. Xpamunxnn,
saneymmn anannrnuecxnm orenom Hncrnryra nonnrnuecxoro n noennoro
anannsa, ormernn, uro Henrpantnt noennt coner Knrax ocymecrnnxer py-
xonocrno uertptmx poamn nocx (cyxonyrnte nocxa, BBC, BMC n crpare-
rnuecxne paxernte nocxa) n cemtm noenntmn oxpyramn (BO). Tpn poa
nocx (sa ncxnmuennem Bropo aprnnnepnn) nounnxmrcx raxxe Iene-
pantnomy mray n rpem ynpannennxm HOAK. Boennoe ynpannenne ntcoxo
nenrpannsonano.
HOAK cocronr ns uacre, ]opmnpyemtx no npnstny, xonrpaxrntx uac-
re n pesepna n ]opme naponoro ononuennx (36.5 mnn uenonex).
Pocr noenntx pacxoon Knrax cocrannxer 1418% exerono npn yponne
n 91 mnp onn. n 2011 r. B mexynaponom +xcneprnom coomecrne +ra
nn]pa cunraercx cymecrnenno sannxenno (o 3 pas), rax xax n nee ne nxnm-
uent pacxot na nmnopr noopyxenn, xepnoe opyxne, cycnnn BHK, ]n-
nancnponanne HHOKP.
B uncnennom ornomennn ocnono HOAK xnnxmrcx cyxonyrnte cnnt.
Xpamunxnn npenaraer cynrt o npecrannennxx Knrax o norennnantntx
npornnnnxax no pasmemennm apmecxnx rpynnnponox na reppnropnn crpa-
nt. Hanonee xpynntmn noenntmn oxpyramn xnnxmrcx Bentxncxn n He-
xnncxn na rpannne c Poccne. Ocrantnte noennte oxpyra Hantuxoycxn,
Hanxnncxn, Hsnnantcxn (cnyxnr crparernuecxnm pesepnom nx uertpex
ntmenepeuncnenntx), u+nycxn n Iyantuxoycxn.
Hexnncxn n Hsnnantcxn noennte oxpyra npecrannxmr coo nonn-
ront nx orpaorxn nontx cnocoon npnmenennx cyxonyrntx nocx (CB) n
oeno rexnnxn. Ipynnnponxn CB axrnnno orpaartnamr nacrynarentnte
onepannn na rnynny o 1.5 rtc. xm, xoropte, xax nonaraer +xcnepr, nmeer
cmtcn npononrt rontxo na cenepnom nanpannennn.
Eme onnm ycnnenntm noenntm oxpyrom xnnxercx Hanxnncxn,
opnenrnponannt na saxnar Tananx: sect ncnonnponan 25 rtcxunt
xonrnnrenr cnennasa n am]nnntx nopasenenn.
Ha mxnom nanpannennn, no mnennm Xpamunxnna, xnracxoe xomano-
nanne ne npenonaraer necrn xaxne-nno macmrante nacrynarentnte e-
crnnx, rax xax nocxa u+nycxoro n Iyantuxoycxoro BO cocroxr n ocnonnom
ns moronexorntx nnnsn.
K nepcnexrnnntm paspaorxam noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn (BBT)
cyxonyrntx nocx Xpamunxnn ornocnr ranx, xoropt moxer trt onon-
nnrentno noopyxen nymx cxopocrpentntmn 6-crnontntmn nymxamn nx
nopaxennx nosymntx nene, nxnmuax cncremt HTYP.
K xnracxnm BBT, ne nmemmnm ananoron na 3anae n n Poccnn, npn-
nanexar oenax mamnna nexort (FMH) ZBD-05, FMH WZ502G c ycnnenno
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 707
pone, peaxrnnnax cncrema sannonoro ornx WS-2, xoropax yer nmert co-
crnennt FHHA. Anrop yrnepxaer, uro poccncxax HBO ne cmoxer nn ne-
pexnarnrt, nn onapyxnrt WS-2, antnocrt xoropo nosnonxer e nopaxart
poccncxne nocxa n annaast n paone unrt n crparernuecxne npenpnxrnx
Komcomontcxa-na-Amype.
BBC Knrax raxxe axrnnno nepenoopyxamrcx na conpemennte camone-
rt: uncno rxxentx ncrpenrene Cy-27/J-11 (ceuac 300 e.) nnannpyercx
onecrn o 500 camoneron, a nerxnx ncrpenrene J-10 (onee 220 e.) o
1000 camoneron. B xoe rpennponox xnracxne nnnort nmnrnpymr ecrnnx
BBC Pu n Tananx, ro ecrt, nnnmo, ocnonntx nepoxrntx npornnnnxon.
Hexnarxa yapno annannn xomnencnpyercx ontmnm apcenanom raxrn-
uecxnx n oneparnnno-raxrnuecxnx paxer n paspaorxo oentx FHHA (WJ-
600, CH-3, Hnonr), no uncny xoroptx, Xpamunxnn ne ncxnmuaer, Knra npe-
nsomen axe CBA. Kpome roro, Hexnn nonncan c Mocxno xonrpaxr na no-
cranxy 100 camoneron Cy-30 n roronnrcx x nponsnocrny nx nennnensnonno
xonnn J-16, raxxe nocrannxer na noopyxenne BBC n mopcxo annannn om-
apnponmnx JH-7 omnm uncnom oxono 200 e. c nosmoxntm napamnnann-
em napxa +rnx camoneron o 300400.
Yunrtnax, uro oexomnnexr nx sennrno-paxerntx cncrem C-300HMY-
2, saxynnenntx Knraem y Poccnn, ocrarouno orpannuen, peantnte nos-
moxnocrn HBO HOAK yyr onpeenxrtcx cocrnenntm nponsnocrnom 3PC
HQ-9 n HQ-16.
Pasnnrne xnracxnx BMC onpeenxercx remn saauamn, xoropte crannr
nepe nnmn pyxonocrno crpant, a nmenno:
n cnyuae neoxonmocrn nponecrn noopyxennym annexcnm Tananx;
noepxnnart esonacnocrt rpancnoprnponxn ctptentx pecypcon
(ne]rn) ns pernona Hepcncxoro sannna n A]pnxn;
oecneunrt oxpany ne]reotun na mopcxnx ment]ax n ncxnmun-
rentno +xonomnuecxo sone Knrax;
ocymecrnnxrt oopony mopcxnx pyexe rocyapcrna.
Ocnonnym osaouennocrt xnracxoro npannrentcrna ntstnamr nos-
moxnocrn BC CBA nanecrn yapt c ncnontsonannem ntcoxorountx noopy-
xenn no npomtmnenntm oexram crpant, cocpeorouenntm n
npnpexno sone. 3ror ]axrop oycnannnnaer neoxonmocrt ntnecennx
nnnnn mopcxo oopont xax moxno antme n oxean. ocrnxenne +ro nenn
npeycmarpnnaer nocneonarentnoe pemenne rpex saau, xaxax nx xoroptx
npnsnana oecneunrt oneparnnnym cnooy BMC CBA n npeenax
1) nepno nenn ocrponon (or o-non Pmxm o unnnnnnn); 2) nropo nenn
ocrponon (or Kypnntcxnx o-non o Hono Innnen); 3) Mnponoro oxeana.
B cocrane xnracxoro noennoro ]nora naxoxrcx 12 nonontx noox
npoexra 636 n 877 n 23 npoexra 039 n 041; 13 +cmnnnen npoexron 956, 052 n
051; onee 10 ]peraron npoexra 054.
Aromnte nonoxn (HHA) npoexra 093 crpoxrcx na sameny npoexry 091,
a nonoxn npoexra 041 (039A/B) npoexry 033 n 035 pannnx cepn. B xnna-
pe 2012 r. tn nneen n crpo uerneprt ecanrno-nepronernt xopant-ox
npoexra 071. uro xacaercx mantx oentx xopane, ro KHP crponr 6080 ca-
mtx momntx n mnpe paxerntx xarepon npoexra 022.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 708
Ho omemy xonnuecrny (oxono 70) nsentntx n mnoronenentx aromntx
nonontx noox Knra naxonrcx na nepnom mecre n mnpe. Hpn +rom, n
cnyuae ynennuennx uncnennocrn HHA n nonyuennx as sa pyexom, nono-
nt ]nor HOAK craner reononnrnuecxnm ]axropom n macmraax Tnxoro n
Hnncxoro oxeanon.
Hexnn nmeer ontmne nnant na pasnnrne annanocntx cnn c ncnontso-
nannem rexnonorn xynnennoro na Yxpanne annanocna Bapxr, xoropt,
nepoxrno, yer ncnontsonartcx n xauecrne yueno-+xcnepnmenrantnoro.
Xpamunxnn nonaraer, uro Knra nocrponr ne menee 34, nosmoxno, 56 co-
crnenntx annanocnen, uro osnauaer neoxonmocrt crponrentcrna eme ne
menee 20 +cmnnnen npoexra 052 nnn xaxnx-ro nontx npoexron.
Ho npornosam +xcnepra, annanocnt ]nor moxer trt ncnontsonan nx
saxnara Tananx, uro npnneno t x pesxomy pocry momn Knrax n ycranonne-
nnm nm xonrponx na mopcxnmn xommynnxannxmn n sanano uacrn Tnxoro
oxeana n n Rro-Bocrouno Asnn, nornepxenne romy on nnnr n pesxom
ynennuennn n BMC Knrax oxeancxnx xopane n coxpamennm uncna xopa-
ne npnpexno sont.
uro xacaercx cyxonyrnoro xomnonenra HOAK, ro sect Xpamunxnn
npecxastnaer noxnnenne neontmo (no xnracxnm mepxam) conpemenno
ntcoxorexnonornuno apmnn, cnocono ycnemno npornnocroxrt BC CBA,
Pu, nonnn n Hnnn. 3ra apmnx yer axrnnno sanmcrnonart amepnxancxne
xonnennnn noennoro nnannponannx, nanpnmep, xonnennnm cerenenrpnue-
cxo nont n ]opme accnmerpnuntx noenntx ecrnn (cerente araxn,
nn]opmannonnte onepannn, npornnocnyrnnxonoe opyxne, npnmenenne cnn
cnennantnoro nasnauennx n r. n.).
Ocnonannem nx npnmenennx ntmeyxasanno xonnennnn craner npnnx-
rax Knraem crparernx noxantntx non, xoropax ne ncxnmuaer roro, uro
Hexnn ntcrynnr nnnnnaropom raxo nont. Bmecre c rem, yxastnaer Xpam-
unxnn, ocraercx n cnne n xonnennnx napono nont, utnm anropom tn
Mao Hs+yn. Hocnenxx aanrnponana x conpemenntm peannxm n npey-
cmarpnnaer maxcnmantnoe nsmartnanne npornnnnxa n npnrpannuntx cpa-
xennxx c tcrptm nepexoom n crparernuecxoe nacrynnenne. 3rn n px
pyrnx onee ysxonanpannenntx xonnennn (nanpnmep, orpannuennoro
xepnoro xonrpyapa n nenxx camosamnrt) ]opmnpymr oxrpnny axrnnno
oopont: roronnocrt x neennm nacrynarentntx ecrnn, nocxontxy Kn-
ra cam onpeenxer, xaxoe rocyapcrno ornocnrcx x nemy npaxeno n n uem
+ra npaxenocrt saxnmuaercx.
Ocooe nnnmanne +xcnepr opamaer na xonnennnm crparernuecxnx
rpannn n xnsnennoro npocrpancrna, xoropax, no ero mnennm, ne nmeer ana-
noron n pyrnx crpanax, rax xax cnnmxom +xcnnnnnrno saxnnxer o npane na
noennym arpeccnm n cnxsn c nexnarxo pecypcon n reppnropnn.
Xpamunxnn npnxonr x ntnoy, uro Knra npononr cnoe noennoe
crponrentcrno namnoro +]]exrnnnee Conercxoro Comsa, cosnarentno orpa-
nnunnax pocr cnoero ooponnoro mxera n consmepxx ero pasmep c omnm
yponnem nannonantnoro +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx. 3ro ocroxrentcrno no-
snonxer Hexnny npn neoxonmocrn orxasartcx or camoorpannuennx n sa
xoporxn cpox snaunrentno napacrnrt cnom noennym momt.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 709
B rnane Hepcnexrnnt noxnmuennx KHP x orpannuennm xepntx noo-
pyxenn axaemnx A.I. Aparon, pyxononrent Henrpa mexynapono eso-
nacnocrn HM3MO PAH, paccmarpnnaer crparernuecxn xonrexcr nsanmoor-
nomenn CBA, Poccnn n Knrax, nosnnnm Hexnna no xepnomy opyxnm,
amepnxancxo HPO, xonnennnonantntm noopyxennxm ontmo antnocrn,
nosmoxnocrt yuacrnx KHP n nponecce xonrponx na xepntmn noopyxennxmn.
Anrop ntenxer na yponnx esonacnocrn: pernonantnt, xoropt sa-
nncnr or nycroponnnx ornomenn CBA n Knrax, n crparernuecxn, xoro-
pt onpeenxmr re xe yuacrnnxn n Poccnx. Fananc nnrepecon n raxom
rpeyrontnnxe ne ncera ouennen. Comsnnuecxnx ornomenn, yrnepxaer
Aparon, nnyrpn +roro rpeyrontnnxa ne cymecrnyer. Haoopor, xaxt ns
yuacrnnxon crapaercx ne onycrnrt cnnxennx mexy coo nyx pyrnx.
Coennennte Brart n Poccnm oennxmr cxoxne nosnnnn no nonpo-
cy npnmenennx xepnoro opyxnx nepntmn, ncnontsonannx xepnoro opyxnx
npornn nexepntx rocyapcrn, cornamennx o nceomem xepnom pasopyxe-
nnn, xepntx rapanrn comsnnxam, corpynnuecrna no HPO, rpancnapenrno-
crn noenno xepno nporpammt Hexnna n ero yuacrnx n nponecce xonrponx
na noopyxennxmn. Poccnx n Knra pasenxmr nsrnxt na orpannuenne cnc-
rem HPO, ntcoxorountx noopyxenn ontmo antnocrn, pasmemennx opy-
xnx n xocmoce, nepememenne poccncxoro TO ns enponecxo n asnarcxym
uacrt crpant.
Mnennx Knrax n CBA connaamr no cneymmnm nponemam: saxnmue-
nne nonoro oronopa no CHB, orpannuenne apcenanon raxrnuecxnx xepntx
noopyxenn, coxpamenne cxnacxnx pesepnon xepnoro opyxnx.
Knra ornnuaer onontno npornnopeunnax nosnnnx n xepno c]epe. C
ono cropont, Hexnn o]nnnantno orxasancx or xonnennnn nepnoro xepno-
ro yapa, npnstnaer saxnmunrt cornamenne o nencnontsonannn xepnoro
opyxnx nepntmn n npornn nexepntx rocyapcrn, ne crpemnrcx x paxerno-
xepnomy napnrery n cepxnnannm na ocnone nsanmnoro rapanrnponannoro
ynnuroxennx, a raxxe oxnnn o noepxannn cnoero xepnoro apcenana na
mnnnmantnom neoxonmom yponne. C pyro cropont, KHP ne npeocran-
nxer nnxaxnx o]nnnantntx anntx o cnonx xepntx cnnax n nporpammax nx
pasnnrnx.
Ha ]one pesxoro pocra noennoro mxera n amnnnosno nnemne no-
nnrnxn ntmenepeuncnennte exnaparnnnte saxnnennx nnmt ycnnnnamr
onacennx mnponoro coomecrna. Aparon nnnr n +rom npnsnax nospoxennx
rtcxuenerne xnracxo rpannnn noenno esnn]opmannn, oocnonanno
eme Cynt Hst. B xauecrne npnmepa on cctnaercx na onenxn neymnmn ore-
uecrnenntmn cnennanncramn xepnoro apcenana Knrax, xoropt moxer co-
crannxrt 800900 F3, npenasnauenntx nx oneparnnnoro pasneprtnannx, a
raxxe na nn]opmannm o crpoxmnxcx cnnamn Bropo aprnnnepnn nporx-
xenntx nosemntx rynnenxx, xoropte moryr npenasnauartcx nx cxptroro
xpanennx xepntx oenpnnacon n cncrem nx ocranxn. Ha +rom ocnonannn
Aparon enaer ntno o rom, uro orcyrcrnne rpancnapenrnocrn c xnracxo
cropont oxcnxercx ne cnaocrtm n manouncnennocrtm, a nstrouno-
crtm xepnoro norennnana KHP.
Anrop cornacen c rpaxronxo o]nnnantno xepno oxrpnnt Knrax
xax nonnrnxo-nponaranncrcxoro oxymenra. Orxas or nepnoro xepnoro ya-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 710
pa osnauaer, uro rocyapcrno paccunrtnaer na momt cnoero ornernoro yapa,
onaxo nmemmaxcx y nnemnnx +xcnepron nn]opmannx ne nosnonxer ronopnrt
o roronnocrn x raxomy cnenapnm xnracxnx CC n CHPH. B peantnocrn,
nosmoxno, nnannpyercx ynpexammn yap n cnryannn, xora pyxonocrno
crpant pemnr, uro nona nensexna. He ncxnmueno, uro n ornernt yap
xnnxercx paoue xonnennne oneparnnnoro nnannponannx.
3ry nnemmy Aparon oxcnxer rem, uro Hexnn pasenxer ponn noen-
no oxrpnnt n crparernuecxoro cepxnnannx. Hepnax nmeer snauenne n oc-
nonnom n xauecrne nnemnenonnrnuecxoro nncrpymenra, rora xax cepxnnanne
ocymecrnnxercx nannuecrnymmnmn xepntmn cnnamn. Ho+romy nx moepnn-
sannx n napamnnanne ecnoxoxr xax crpant pernona, rax n neymne mnponte
epxant. nx Poccnn +ro osnauaer noxnponanne ee npenmymecrn no xep-
ntm cpecrnam cpene antnocrn n oneparnnno-raxrnuecxoro xnacca, xoro-
pte noxa eme xomnencnpymr npenocxocrno otuntx noopyxenntx cnn n
noopyxenn KHP nnnsn poccncxo Cnnpn n antnero Bocroxa.
nx Coennenntx Braron napamnnanne xnracxoro xepnoro apcenana
ntcrynaer nmnnnnnrntm crnmynom x cosannm HPO rnoantnoro oxnara.
Bamnnrron, nnnmo, crpemnrcx maxcnmantno sarpynnrt n orannrt nep-
cnexrnny operennx Knraem norennnana xepnoro cepxnnannx na ocnone
rapanrnponanno nosmoxnocrn ornernoro yapa no CBA. B xauecrne ornera
Hexnn crpemnrcx pasnnnart cpecrna npeoonennx HPO n cocrnennym cnc-
remy npornnopaxerno oopont. Onaxo eme ontme on oecnoxoen nep-
cnexrnno corpynnuecrna Mocxnt n Bamnnrrona n anno onacrn. Taxoe
corpynnuecrno rposnno t pesxnm yxymennem poccncxo-xnracxnx or-
nomenn n, xax cunraer Aparon, ]axrop Knrax nocnyno xnnncx ono ns
npnunn nponana neperonopon no HPO mexy Poccne n CBA.
pyro npnnnnnnantnt nx KHP nonpoc +ro pasnnrne amepnxancxnx
cncrem ntcoxorounoro xonnennnonantnoro opyxnx na crparernuecxnx nocn-
renxx, n uacrnocrn, ocymecrnnenne nporpammt Ftcrporo rnoantnoro ya-
pa. Hexnn onacaercx, uro Bamnnrron moxer ncnontsonart +rn noopyxennx
nx nanecennx yapa no ntcoxorountm paxerntm cpecrnam n otunom oc-
namennn, npenasnauenntm nx araxn na BMC CBA, n xepntm cnnam Kn-
rax. Hocnenn cnenapn crannr no comnenne xnracxym xepnym
oxrpnny, xoropax ne npenonaraer ocymecrnnenne xepnoro nosmesnx n or-
ner na nanaenne c npnmenennem xonnennnonantntx noopyxenn.
B xauecrne npornnomept KHP moxer naxannnnart n nosemntx rynne-
nxx ontmo pesepn xepntx oenpnnacon n paxer, pasnnnart annncrnue-
cxne paxert cpene antnocrn n oneparnnno-raxrnuecxne cpecrna n nexep-
nom ocnamennn, nontmart xnnyuecrt cnonx xepntx cnn sa cuer
crponrentcrna onee +]]exrnnnoro nononoro ]nora c nocneymmnm ero
ntnoom n orxptrt oxean.
uro xacaercx yuacrnx Hexnna n nponecce xonrponx na noopyxennxmn,
ro sect ocnonnoe snauenne +xcnepr npnaer nontmennm rpancnapenrnocrn
Knrax. Or nn]opmannn o rounom pasmepe ero xepnoro apcenana sanncnr
yponent yuacrnx KHP n yxasannom nponecce: npn 200300 xepntx F3 ocra-
rouno yer nonnrnuecxoro oxsarentcrna co cropont Hexnna o antnemem
nenapamnnannn cnonx xepntx cnn. B cnyuae ecnn +ra nn]pa npentmaer
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 711
800900 e., es orpannuenn c xnracxo cropont saxnmuenne cneymmero
nycroponnero oronopa no CHB mexy CBA n Poccne nenosmoxno.
Knra ntnnraer na rpeonannx: snaunrentnoe coxpamenne apcenanon
nyx xepntx cnepxepxan xax ycnonne nx nepexoa x mnorocroponnemy
]opmary neperonopon n orxas or xonnennnn nepnoro xepnoro yapa xax
npenoctnxa nx ontme orxptrocrn Hexnna n ornomennn ero xepntx
noopyxenn. C rouxn spennx oneparnnnoro nnannponannx nocnenee rpeo-
nanne ne nmeer npaxrnuecxoro cmtcna, nentm KHP xnnxercx crpemnenne
npoart xaxt uacrnt ]parmenr rpancnapenrnocrn sa maxcnmantnym
nnary xonrparenron.
Ho+romy npnnneuenne Knrax x nponeccy orpannuennx xepntx noopy-
xenn nosmoxno ncxnmunrentno na nparmarnuecxo ocnone.
Bo-nepntx, Hexnn ne yer npenpnnnmart xaxnx-nno maron n +rom
nanpannennn o nonncannx cneymmero amepnxano-poccncxoro oronopa
no CHB, npeycmarpnnammero cymecrnennte coxpamennx (o 1000 F3)
crparernuecxnx xepntx cnn cropon.
Bo-nroptx, orxas Bamnnrrona n Mocxnt or xonnennnn nepnoro xepno-
ro yapa n npnsnanne nmn cocroxnnx nsanmnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx n or-
nomennxx c Knraem +ro nponema ocnonarentnoro n onesnennoro nsme-
nennx noenno nonnrnxn CBA n Poccnn.
Aparon npenaraer cnncox nosmoxntx ycrynox, na xoropte npnercx
norn Mocxne n Bamnnrrony, urot onrtcx ontme rpancnapenrnocrn n
orpannuennx xepntx noopyxenn co cropont Knrax:
orxas or pasnnrnx amepnxancxnx cncrem HPO na Tnxom oxeane;
yuacrne KHP n corpynnuecrne Poccnn n CBA no npoexry HPO;
nauano neperonopon no nonomy poccncxo-amepnxancxomy oronopy no
CHB;
orpannuenne necrparernuecxnx xepntx noopyxenn CBA n Poccnn.
Aparon nonaraer, uro rpexcroponnn ]opmar neperonopon nosmoxen
rontxo no nponeme HPO, a n oranenno nepcnexrnne no orpannuennxm na
omee xonnuecrno crparernuecxnx xepntx cncrem n xepntx paxer cpene
n mentme antnocrn. o roro momenra nanonee peanncrnuntmn npecran-
nxmrcx xoncyntrannn mexy ncemn yuacrnnxamn na nyxcroponne ocnone.

CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 712
7. HEPCHEKTHBI HPHCOEHHEHH HHHH
H HAKHCTAHA K OIPAHHuEHHR EPHIX
BOOPYEHHH. KOHuEPEHHH B HM3MO


mnrpn uHOB

18 oxrxpx 2012 r. n HM3MO PAH npomna mexynaponax nayunax xon-
]epennnx no nasnannem Hepcnexrnnt npncoennennx Hnnn n Haxncrana x
orpannuennm xepntx noopyxenn n pamxax npoexra Poccnx n rnyoxoe
xepnoe pasopyxenne, ocymecrnnxemoro conmecrno c ]onom Hnnnnarnna
no coxpamennm xepno yrpost (Nuclear Threat Initiative NTI).
Bo ncrynnrentnom cnone npexrop HM3MO PAH, axaemnx A.A. tnxnn
nouepxnyn, uro nocne 20 ner rnyoxnx coxpamenn Poccne n CBA xep-
ntx noopyxenn npnmno npemx nocrannrt nonpoc o neoxonmocrn pacmn-
pennx xpyra rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon nponecca xepnoro pasopyxennx.
C oxnaamn ntcrynnnn neymne poccncxne n nnncxne +xcneprt. B
ncxyccnn yuacrnonann poccncxne n sapyexnte +xcneprt, npecrannrenn
Mnnncrepcrna nnocrpanntx en Pu, Mnnncrepcrna oopont Poccnn n n-
nnomarnuecxnx npecrannrentcrn n Mocxne. Hocxontxy xon]epennnx npono-
nnact n coornercrnnn c npannnom uar+m xayca, n nacroxmem osope ne
npnnoxrcx ]amnnnn yuacrnnxon, ntcxasanmnx ry nnn nnym rouxy spennx.
B xoe nponeennoro anannsa tno nouepxnyro, uro cpen ntnemnnx
enxrn xepntx rocyapcrn nmemr mecro pasnonnanonte noenno-crparern-
uecxne ornomennx.
Moent nsanmnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx npn npnmepno conocrann-
mocrn crparernuecxnx cnn, xoropax tna ocnono nsanmnoro xepnoro cep-
xnnannx n ononpemenno nponecca orpannuennx n coxpamennx xepntx
noopyxenn mexy CCCP/Poccne n CBA, +ro cxopee ncxnmuenne, uem npa-
nnno n conpemenntx anancax cnn.
Ornomennx Hnnn n Haxncrana no mnorom nanomnnamr ornomennx
mexy CCCP n CBA na nauantnom +rane xonono nont. 3rn ornome-
nnx xapaxrepnsymrcx snaunrentntmn nonnrnuecxnmn npenxrcrnnxmn nx
nauana nanora o coxpamennn n orpannuennn xepntx noopyxenn. Cymecr-
nenntm ocroxrentcrnom xnnxercx nnnxnne Knrax na crparernuecxne orno-
mennx Hnnn n Haxncrana.
Ha xon]epennnn ocyxannct asncnte +nemenrt nocrpoennx crpare-
rnuecxnx ornomenn Hnnn n Haxncrana, ]axropt, nnnxmmne na +rn orno-
mennx, nepcnexrnnt nosmoxnoro nponecca pasopyxennx, mept no
yxpennennm onepnx, pont rpertnx rocyapcrn n crparernuecxnx nsanmoor-
nomennxx mexy crpanamn.
Hsnecrnt nnncxn +xcnepr nsnoxnn cnoe nnenne na conpemennoe
cocroxnne crparernuecxnx ornomenn Hnnn n Haxncrana.
B cnoem ntcrynnennn oxnaunx oparnn nnnmanne na ro, uro cymecr-
nennte pasnnunx n xepno nonnrnxe n px nnemnnx n nnyrpennnx ]axropon
cnococrnymr coxpanennm nanpxxennocrn n nyxcroponnnx ornomennxx n
cosamr nepoxrnocrt xepnoro xon]nnxra mexy crpanamn.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 713
Ftno ntcxasano mnenne, uro orcyrcrnne y Haxncrana o]nnnantno
xepno oxrpnnt n ero roronnocrt nepntm npnmennrt xepnoe opyxne n
cnyuae, ecnn Hnnx nepeer onpeenennym uepry (conepmnr px nenpnem-
nemtx nx Haxncrana ecrnn nonnrnuecxoro, noennoro, +xonomnuecxoro
cnocrna), cnntno rpenoxnr Hnnm. Cymecrnennoe nnnxnne na crparernue-
cxne nsanmoornomennx mexy crpanamn oxastnamr ntcoxn yponent reppo-
pncrnuecxo yrpost n Haxncrane, yrposa nanaennx na ast xpanennx
xepnoro opyxnx BC Haxncrana, a raxxe omn nentcoxn yponent nonnrn-
uecxoro xonrponx na xepntm opyxnem n crpane. C]opmnponanmaxcx raxnm
opasom xepnax nonnrnxa Haxncrana, a raxxe ycnonnx xpane nnyrpenne
necranntnocrn ne cnococrnymr nyxcroponnnm neperonopam n onacrn pa-
sopyxennx n coxpamennx xepntx noopyxenn.
Ftno ormeueno, uro nmte neperonopt Hnnn n Haxncrana no nonpo-
cam coxpamennx xepnoro opyxnx es yuacrnx Knrax eccmtcnennt. (Mexy
Haxncranom n Knraem noepxnnaercx ntcoxn yponent corpynnuecrna, n
rom uncne n n noenno-rexnnuecxo c]epe.) Onaxo pacxoxenne reononnrn-
uecxnx nnrepecon crpan crparernuecxoro rpeyrontnnxa ocnoxnnr n yy-
mem nepexo x rpexcroponnemy ]opmary neperonopon.
B crparernuecxom nsanmoecrnnn mexy Hnne n Haxncranom orcyr-
crnyer +nemenr xonrponx na noopyxennxmn, rax xax Hnnx cunraer nosmox-
ntm ocyxenne nonpocon xonrponx na xepntmn noopyxennxmn n
pasopyxennx rontxo n ]opmare mnorocroponnnx neperonopon no +rno
OOH n c yuacrnem ncex xepntx rocyapcrn. Hnnx noepxnnaer npeno-
xenne o nauane neperonopon no oronopy o sanpemennn nponsnocrna pac-
mennxmmnxcx marepnanon nx xepnoro opyxnx n pyrnx xepntx
nsptnntx ycrpocrn (3HPM) na Kon]epennnn no pasopyxennm n enene.
Hnnx, xax n Haxncran, npoonxaer conmart onocroponnn moparopn
na nponeenne xepntx ncntrann.
B oxnaax poccncxnx +xcnepron tnn npoanannsnponant crparernue-
cxne ornomennx Hnnn n Haxncrana, xapaxrep c]opmnponanmerocx mexy
nnmn mnnnmantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx, nonnrnuecxax snaunmocrt
xepnoro apcenana nx xaxo crpant. Oosnauent cymecrnymmne nporn-
nopeunx n xonnennnxx mnnnmantnoro xepnoro cepxnnannx Hnnn n Ha-
xncrana.
Ftno ntcxasano mnenne, uro xepnt craryc nx Hnnn +ro cnmnon
]axrnuecxo npnnanexnocrn x epxanam ne rontxo c pernonantntmn, no n
rnoantntmn nnrepecamn n coornercrnymmnm crarycom, cnococrnymmnm
nx orcrannannm n nycroponnnx n mnorocroponnnx ]opmarax, npexe ncero
n pamxax OOH. Hannune xepnoro opyxnx e-]axro ypannnnaer Hnnm c
xepno nxrepxo nocroxnntx unenon Conera Fesonacnocrn. Boennax sna-
unmocrt xepnoro craryca Hnnn saxnmuaercx n cepxnnannn cnoero rnan-
noro crparernuecxoro npornnnnxa, xoroptm, no npeonaamme onenxe
ontmnncrna +xcnepron, ocraercx Knra. B Hnnn c]opmnponancx nonnt
nnyrpnnonnrnuecxn xoncencyc mexy ocnonntmn omenannonantntmn
xonxypnpymmnmn naprnxmn no nonpocy xepnoro craryca crpant.
Haxncran acconnnpyer cocrnennt xepnt craryc n mexynapo-
nom xonrexcre c nnepcrnom n anropnrerom n ncnamcxom mnpe, nocxontxy xn-
nxercx enncrnenntm mycyntmancxnm rocyapcrnom, onaammnm paxerno-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 714
xepntm opyxnem. Haxncran nperenyer n +ro cnxsn na pont nonnrnuecxoro
npornnoneca Hnnn n Acconnannn pernonantnoro corpynnuecrna n Rxno
Asnn (CAAPK). B Haxncrane cnoxnncx npount nnyrpnnonnrnuecxn xon-
cencyc pasnnuntx nonnrnuecxnx cnn no nonpocy xepnoro craryca crpant
xax ]axropa yxpennennx esonacnocrn Haxncrana n cepxnnannx noenno
momn cocene Hnnn.
Poccncxnmn +xcnepramn tn npenoxen px mep nontmennx xepno
esonacnocrn n Rxno Asnn. Hnnx n Haxncran mornn t oecneunrt
ntmym npospaunocrt xepntx cnn (n ornomennn nx cocrana n pasmeme-
nnx). Onn mornn t npoonxnrt nanor no mepam yxpennennx onepnx ne
rontxo n onacrn xepntx cnn, no n otuntx noopyxenn. Bxnmuenne n y-
ymne nannonantnte xepnte oxrpnnt crpan npnnnnna nenpnmenennx
xepnoro opyxnx nepntmn morno t cnococrnonart yxpennennm ome
cranntnocrn. B xauecrne nosmoxntx mep onepnx ynomnnannct, n uacrno-
crn, oxsarentcrna cropon ne pasmemart xepnoe opyxne na cnopntx reppn-
ropnxx nnn nnnsn nnncxo-naxncrancxo rpannnt, noepxnnart paxerno-
xepnte cnnt cpene n ontmo antnocrn n nonnxenno oeroronnocrn, a
raxxe nsanmnt omen nn]opmann no +romy nonpocy.
Ftna nouepxnyra neoxonmocrt ntpaorxn omnx noxoon ne ront-
xo n onacrn esonacnocrn, no n no ocnonntm nonnrnuecxnm n +xonomnue-
cxnm nonpocam. Taxxe ormeuanact crannnsnpymmax pont rpertnx crpan,
xoropym re moryr ctrpart n yymem nponecce coxpamennx xepnoro opyxnx
n Rxno Asnn.
Poccncxne n sapyexnte +xcneprt sarponynn px npnnnnnnantntx
nonpocon, nnnxmmnx na crparernuecxne ornomennx mexy Hnne n Haxn-
cranom n na nepcnexrnnt nx yuacrnx n nponecce xepnoro coxpamennx n pa-
sopyxennx.
Ftno, n uacrnocrn, ntxasano n cyxenne o npexenpemennocrn nonne-
uennx Hnnn n Haxncrana n ntmeyxasannt nponecc, rax xax +rn crpant na-
xoxrcx n ]ase napamnnannx xepntx apcenanon n ne roront x raxomy mary.
Ynomnnanact nosmoxnocrt npnnneuennx Hnnn x nponeccam coxpame-
nnx xepntx noopyxenn, ynymennax CBA n Ipynno xepntx nocranmn-
xon n nepno, xora Hnnx morna t norn na cymecrnennte mept rpanc-
napenrnocrn ornocnrentno cnoe xepno nporpammt n axe orpannunrt ee.
Fontmoe nnnmanne tno yeneno nonpocam yxpennennx nsanmnoro o-
nepnx, nponemam nponepxn n omena nn]opmanne mexy crpanamn.
Btcxastnannct onacennx, uro n cnyuae nosmoxno nepeaun Haxncrany
nn]opmannn o xon]nrypannn xepno nn]pacrpyxrypt n crparernuecxnx
cnnax Hnnn cymecrnyer nepoxrnocrt ee yreuxn n Knra nnn n reppopncrn-
uecxym oprannsannm.
Poccncxne +xcneprt npenoxnnn ne npeocrannxrt nx omena mexy
crpanamn erannsnponannym nn]opmannm (reorpa]nuecxne xoopnnart
oexron, nanpnmep), urot ne cnococrnonart nanaennm reppopncron na
nynxrt xpanennx xepnoro opyxnx.
Fontmnncrno npncyrcrnymmnx na xon]epennnn cnennanncron ntpasn-
nn ynepennocrt n ocrarounom yponne samnmennocrn oexron xepno nn-
]pacrpyxrypt Hnnn, onaxo saxnnnn, uro reppopncrnuecxne nanaennx na
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 715
raxne oexrt moryr npecrannxrt peantnym yrposy n yymem n pesyntrare
xauecrnenntx nsmenenn nnyrpn reppopncrnuecxnx oprannsann.
Kax ono ns nanpannenn antnemero pasnnrnx rpancnapenrnocrn n
ornomennxx Hnnn n Haxncrana tna oosnauena nepcnexrnna orxptrnx an-
ntx no cncremam ocranxn xepnoro opyxnx cpene n mentme antnocrn.
B xauecrne npaxrnuecxo moenn cornamennx tn npenoxen oronop
mexy CCCP n CBA o nnxnnannn nx paxer cpene n mentme antnocrn
or 1987 r. Ho orpannuennx mornn t trt nocrannent nasemnte annncrn-
uecxne n xptnarte paxert antnocrtm ecrnnx or 500 o 5500 xm. 3rn cnc-
remt cocrannxmr ontmym uacrt paxerntx cpecrn, nmemmnxcx y Hnnn n
Haxncrana.
Ftnn paccmorpent ecrannnsnpymmne ]axropt n crparernuecxnx or-
nomennxx mexy Hnne n Haxncranom.
Onn ns nnx nnyrpnnonnrnuecxax necranntnocrt Haxncrana. Cmena
nonnrnuecxoro pyxonocrna pesxo cnnsnna nnyrpnnonnrnuecxym crannt-
nocrt n crpane. Beymym pont n nonpocax pasnnrnx xepntx cnn n Haxncra-
ne npoonxamr nrpart noennte, xoropte orpannunnamr xonrpont
nonnrnuecxoro pyxonocrna na xepntm apcenanom.
Btcxastnanoct onacenne, uro cmena noxonenn naxncrancxnx noenntx
moxer npnnecrn x nsmenennxm nx neonornuecxoro yxnaa uepes 510 ner.
3ro moxer nonneut sa coo yxopenenne +xcrpemncrcxo neonornn cpen
noenntx, n cnxsn c uem moxer nospacrn nepoxrnocrt nepeaun reppopncram
corpynnxamn oexron xepno nn]pacrpyxrypt Haxncrana crparernuecxo
nn]opmannn n axe camnx xepntx marepnanon.
B cnyuae nonaannx xepnoro opyxnx nnn xepntx marepnanon n pyxn
reppopncron, no mnennm +xcnepron, nosmoxen axr xepnoro reppopnsma xax n
Rxno Asnn, rax n nne +roro pernona.
Teppopnsm oxastnaer ceptesnoe nnnxnne na xapaxrep crparernuecxnx
ornomenn mexy Hnne n Haxncranom. Fontmnncrno +xcnepron cornacn-
nnct c resncom, uro reppopncrnuecxax axrnnnocrt (n nepnym ouepet n Haxn-
crane) xpane nerarnnnoe nosecrnyer na crparernuecxym cranntnocrt n
pernone, a nnncxn +xcnepr npenonoxnn, uro reppopnsm nrpaer xnmue-
nym pont n nponecce pasmtnannx xepnoro cepxnnannx n pernone.
B nenom xo ncxyccnn npoemoncrpnponan, uro y cropon coxpanxmrcx
cymecrnennte pasnornacnx n nosnnnxx n onenxax nponem, cnxsanntx c co-
xpamennem xepntx noopyxenn. Harnxno +ro npoemoncrpnponana nc-
xyccnx no nonpocy ]opmara nosmoxntx neperonopon. Btxnnnnct rnyoxne
pacxoxennx +xcneprntx onenox, xacammnxcx npemenn n ycnonn nonneue-
nnx Hnnn n Haxncrana n nponecc xepnoro pasopyxennx.
Poccncxnmn +xcnepramn npenoxen px axryantntx mep no pacmnpe-
nnm crparernuecxoro corpynnuecrna n nonpocax orpannuennx xepntx noo-
pyxenn n Rxno Asnn.
Kon]epennnx noxasana, uro cnoxnocrt crparernuecxnx ornomenn Hn-
nn n Haxncrana na conpemennom +rane ceptesno orpannunnaer nosmoxnocrt
npnnneuennx +rnx crpan x mexynaponomy nponeccy coxpamennx xepntx
noopyxenn.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 716
8. KOHTPOHI HA OFIuHIMH BOOPYEHHIMH
CHHAMH B EBPOHE: BIXO H3 TYHHKA?


Anpe 3AIOPCKHH

B exape 2007 r. Poccncxax ueepannx oxnnna moparopn na nt-
nonnenne oxsarentcrn no oronopy 1990 r. o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax
n Enpone (OBCE). Poccncxax cropona couna cex ontme ne cnxsanno xo-
nnuecrnenntmn orpannuennxmn, nanaranmnmncx +rnm oronopom. Ona nepe-
crana npeocrannxrt nn]opmannm o cnonx noopyxenntx cnnax n npnnnmart
nncnexnnn.
Ho cymecrny, peut mna, xoneuno, ne o moparopnn, a o ntxoe ns OBCE:
Poccnx orneprana nosmoxnocrt nosnpamennx n pexnm craporo oronopa
1990 r. Ho npn +rom ona nacrannana, xax n pantme, na parn]nxannn crpanamn
HATO n nneenne n ecrnne onee nosnero, nonncannoro n 1999 r. aan-
rnponannoro oronopa o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax (AOBCE). Ono-
npemenno Mocxna c]opmynnponana px rpeonann no nsmenennm
nonoxenn aanrnponannoro oronopa, nacrannax na yxecrouennn ero rpe-
onann x crpanam HATO n na cnxrnn pxa orpannuenn, xoropte naxnat-
nannct na Pu
7
.
Hontrxn noccranonnrt ocnonannym na npnnnnnax OBCE cncremy
xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone ycnnnx, npe-
npnnnmanmnecx c 2008 r., ne ynenuannct ycnexom. Hocnenn payn mnoro-
croponnnx xoncyntrann no ntnoy pexnma xonrponx na otuntmn
noopyxennxmn n Enpone ns xpnsnca cocroxncx n mae 2011 r. C rex nop onn ne
nosononnxnnct n xaxom-nno mnorocroponnem ]opmare. Ocyxenne anno-
ro nonpoca npoonxanoct na nycroponnem yponne n na yponne +xcnepron.
Onaxo n ycnonnxx npentopntx xamnann cnauana n Poccnn, a norom n
CBA nn ona ns cropon ne npenarana nontx ne na +ror cuer.
B noxpe 2011 r. crpant HATO saxnnnn o npexpamennn ntnonnennx
uacrn cnonx oxsarentcrn no crapomy OBCE or 1990 r. n ornomennxx c
Pu. Hpn +rom onn nouepxnynn cnom roronnocrt nosononnrt ntnonnenne
ero nonoxenn, ecnn +ro cenaer Poccnx, n npoonxnrt ocyxenne nonpoca
o nosmoxntx nontx oronopennocrxx
8
.
uopmantno OBCE nnxro ne ormenxn. Ho ero nonoxennx ne npnmenx-
mrcx n nx rnanno uacrn n ornomennxx mexy Pu n crpanamn HATO. Bo-

7

O +nonmnnn OBCE, ero npernopennn n xnsnt n o npemecrnonanmnx ntxoy Poccnn
ns oronopa 1990 r. cnopax cm.: 3aeopcru A. B. Kpnsnc xonrponx otuntx noopyxenntx cnn
n Enpone cyta oronopa o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax // Poccnx n rnoantnom mnpe:
20002011. Xpecromarnx n 6-rn r. / Poc. Coner no mex. enam [no om. pe. H. C. Hnanona].
M.: Acnexr Hpecc, 2012. C. 606620.
8
Implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. Press Statement,
Victoria Nuland. Washington DC. 2011. Nov. 22. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/11/177
630.htm (8.12.2011)>; Final Statement. Meeting of the North Atlantic Council at the level of For-
eign Ministers held at NATO Headquarters, Brussels, on 7 December 2011, Paragraph 17.
<http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_81943.htm?selectedLocale=en (10.12.2011)>.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 717
npoc o parn]nxannn AOBCE ne cronr ontme n nonecrxe nx. Mnorocro-
ponnne xoncyntrannn o nonom cornamennn no xonrponm na otuntmn noo-
pyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone ne neyrcx c nera 2011 r., xorx npoonxamrcx
nycroponnne xoncyntrannn.
B xpnsncnom cocroxnnn naxonrcx n pexnm oronopa no orxptromy ney,
npexe ncero ns-sa pasnornacn mexy Poccne n Ipysne, Typnne n Knn-
pom, n no mnornm pyrnm npnunnam.
Bonpoc o cyte xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n En-
pone ceronx onn ns camtx cnopntx n pamxax ncxyccn o enponecxo
esonacnocrn.


Honm1xn nospon1t peanu OBCE

C 2008 r. yuacrnnxamn OBCE tnn npenpnnxrt ne nontrxn peann-
mnponart n moepnnsnponart pexnm xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn
cnnamn n Enpone.
B 2008 r. crpant HATO npenoxnnn narn ntxo ns cnoxnnmerocx nono-
xennx en na ocnone nnana napannentntx ecrnn nnn naxernoro peme-
nnx. Hmenoct n nny cornaconart ouepenocrt maron, xoropax nosnonnna t
parn]nnnponart AOBCE, na uem nacrannana Mocxna, n ononpemenno oecne-
unrt nporpecc n ntnonnennn em cramyntcxnx oxsarentcrn 1999 r. no ntnoy
noopyxenntx cnn ns Monont n Ipysnn. Konxperno peut mna o nosononnennn
npepnannoro n 2004 r. ntnosa poccncxnx oenpnnacon ns Hpnnecrpontx n
yperynnponannn c Ipysne nonpoca o poccncxo noenno ase n Iyayre.
Poccnx cornacnnact c raxnm noxoom n npoxnnna roronnocrt ncxart
ntxo ns cosanmerocx nonoxennx na ocnone naxernoro pemennx npn yc-
nonnn yuera ee rpeonann no moepnnsannn aanrnponannoro OBCE. He-
peronopt no annomy nonpocy
9
or nmenn crpan unenon HATO nenn CBA.
Mnorne erann nnana rax n ne tnn cornaconant, a camn neperonopt ne t-
nn oneent o xonna. Ocyxenne annoro nonpoca cymecrnenno ocnoxnn-
na poccncxo-rpysnncxax nona n anrycre 2008 r., a sarem n nauano npent-
opno xamnannn n CBA, n ]opmnponanne nono amepnxancxo amnnn-
crpannn n 2009 r.
B nmne 2010 r. crpant HATO nnecnn nonoe npenoxenne no peannma-
nnn xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone. Ono coep-
xano npnnnnnnantno nonte noxot x pemennm nponemt.
Bo-nepntx, crpant antxnca omrasa.uci om uoeu pamuqurauu AOBCE
n coornercrnenno or napaorox 2008 r. no nnany napannentntx maron.
Bmecro +roro onn npenoxnnn cornaconart pamount oxymenr, xoropt
coepxan t ocnonnte nonoxennx manara nepeeoeopoe no uoeo+y coe.aue-
uum o xonrpone na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone, xoropoe n
cnoe ocnone onnpanoct t na pexnm OBCE.
Bo-nroptx, onn npenoxnnn pacmnpnrt xpyr yuacrnnxon xoncyntrann,
npoxonnmnx n Bene na exemecxuno ocnone. B nnx renept yuacrnonann

9
Cm.: Masyp A. Poccnx n xonrpont na noopyxennxmn n Enpone // Fesonacnocrt Enpont /
Ho. pe. B. B. ypxnna. M.: Bect mnp, 2011. C. 283303.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 718
npecrannrenn 36 crpan. K 30 rocyapcrnam yuacrnnxam OBCE oann-
nnct mecrt nontx unenon HATO, xoropte n OBCE ne yuacrnonann (crpant
Fanrnn, Anannx, Cnonennx n Xopnarnx).
Pu npnnxna +ror noxo n cornacnnact ocyxart manar neperonopon o
nororonxe nonoro cornamennx nmecro parn]nxannn AOBCE. Onaxo n xo-
e necxontxnx paynon xoncyntrann, necmorpx na cymecrnennoe cnnxenne
nosnnn cropon, oronopennocrn ocrnut ne yanoct. B mae 2011 r. crano
oxonuarentno xcno, uro cropont ne cmoryr oronopnrtcx no nym nonpocam,
ntstnanmnm nanonee ocrpte pasnornacnx.
Bo-nepntx, crpant HATO n Ipysnx nacrannann na nornepxennn npnn-
nnna cornacnx npnnnmammero rocyapcrna na pasmemenne na ero reppnropnn
nnocrpanntx noopyxenntx cnn n mexynapono npnsnanntx rpannnax
npnnnmammero rocyapcrna. Taxax nocranonxa nonpoca crana nenpeoonnmtm
npenxrcrnnem na nyrn cornaconannx nerpantno ]opmynnponxn, xoropax no-
snonnna t croponam coxpannrt cnon namerpantno npornnononoxnte nosn-
nnn n ornomennn craryca poccncxnx nocx n Axasnn n Rxno Ocernn.
Bo-nroptx, Poccncxax ueepannx ne tna rorona cornacnrtcx c rpeo-
nannem crpan HATO o nosononnennn ee yuacrnx n omene nn]opmanne n
npneme nncnexnn n xauecrne mept no yxpennennm onepnx n nepno nee-
nnx neperonopon o nonom cornamennn.
B xoe neperonopon coxpannnnct n pyrne pasnornacnx, n rom uncne no
nonpocy o xapaxrepe yymero cornamennx onxno nn ono trt mpnnue-
cxn nnn nonnrnuecxn oxstnammnm
10
.
C nera 2011 r. xoncyntrannn n ]opmare 36 rocyapcrn ne nosononnxnnct.
uerneprax xon]epennnx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon OBCE no paccmor-
pennm ecrnnx oronopa, npoxonnmax n Bene 29 cenrxpx 2011 r., no-
rnepnna nenosmoxnocrt nponnxennx nnepe n ne cmorna npnnxrt na
ocnone xoncencyca nroront oxymenr
11
.
Xorx mnorocroponnne xoncyntrannn no manary nontx neperonopon no-
cne +roro ne nosononnnnct, cropont npoonxann ocyxenne annoro no-
npoca na nycroponne ocnone n noncxax nontx ne no nospoxennm xon-
rponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone. Onaxo npoptnnte
nen ne noxnnnnct. Hsnparentnte nnxnt cnauana n Pu, a sarem n CBA n
2012 r. nanoxnnn cno orneuarox na +rn xoncyntrannn.


Hepcnex1nnm nonoro cornamennn

Koncyntrannn o cyte pexnma OBCE nocne 2008 r. npoemoncrpnpo-
nann naenne nnrepeca ero yuacrnnxon x nponemarnxe xonrponx na otu-
ntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone, uro nocrannno no comnenne

10
Cm., n uacrnocrn: Arx von P. Possible Future of Conventional Arms Control and confi-
dence- and Security-Building Regimes in Europe // OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings 1415
October 2011, Villa Moynier, Geneva. Geneva: DCAF, 2012. P. 3739.
11
3axnnenne enerannn Monont // Oprannsannx no esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrny n
Enpone. uopym no corpynnuecrny n onacrn esonacnocrn. 660-e nnenapnoe saceanne uo-
pyma. FSC.JOUR/666, 19 October 2011. Annex 1. P. 2.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 719
nannune y nnx nonnrnuecxo nonn nx ocrnxennx nonoro cornamennx.
Hpaxrnuecxn nce crpant, nxnmuax Pu, cnoxono pearnponann na +posnm
OBCE na ncex +ranax +roro nponecca.
Tax, 23 noxpx 2011 r., xommenrnpyx pemenne crpan HATO npnocrano-
nnrt npeocrannenne exerono noenno nn]opmannn n ntnonnenne nexo-
roptx pyrnx oxsarentcrn no OBCE n ornomennn Poccnn, poccncxn
MH npnstnan ne pamarnsnponart pasnnrne cnryannn. Hpn +rom on cct-
nancx na ro, uro npoonxammncx omen nn]opmanne n ee nponepxa na oc-
none Bencxoro oxymenra OFCE no mepam yxpennennx onepnx n esonacnoc-
rn, oronopennocre n pamxax OFCE o rnoantnom omene noenno nn]opma-
nne n oronopa no orxptromy ney oecneunnaer neoxonmym n ocra-
rounym rpancnapenrnocrt noenno exrentnocrn na enpo-arnanrnuecxom
npocrpancrne
12
.
Xorx +posnx pexnma OBCE n ne ntstnana paocrn n rocyapcrnax
yuacrnnxax oronopa, nx noannxmmee ontmnncrno ncxonr ne crontxo ns
neoxonmocrn cxopemero nonncannx nontx oronopennocre, cxontxo ns
saaun npnocranonnrt antnemn pacna coxpanxmmnxcx pexnmon xonrpo-
nx na otuntmn noopyxennxmn n Enpone. Hx ycrpannaer coxpanenne cra-
ryc-xno n anno onacrn, xoropoe xaxercx npenournrentne nepcnexrnnt
nontx neperonopon, nnonne morymnx oxasartcx espesyntrarntm, ocoenno
na ]one naennx sannrepeconannocrn noennoro ncrennmmenra, npexe nce-
ro Pu n CBA n nontx oronopennocrxx, xoropte orpannunnann t nx noen-
nte nosmoxnocrn.
3ro naxnax oronopxa. Bet ocyxenne nonpoca o cyte OBCE n no-
cnenne rot nosnonnno ecnn ne paspaorart xonxpernte xonrypt nosmox-
noro n yymem cornamennx, ro no xpane mepe c]opmnponart nonnmanne
roro, n xaxom nanpannennn n cnoxnnmnxcx ycnonnxx nosmoxno ]opmnpona-
nne pexnma xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn, ecnn na ro y-
er nonnrnuecxax nonx cropon.
Ocnonnte nonpoct, na xoropte npecronr ornernrt n +ro cnxsn n oo-
spnmom yymem, a ontmnncrno +xcnepron cxoxrcx n rom, uro nocne sa-
nepmennx nponecca ]opmnponannx nono amepnxancxo amnnncrpannn
xoncyntrannn no xonrponm na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone
nosononxrcx n xonne 2013nauane 2014 r. cnoxrcx x cneymmemy: xro c
xem n o uem onxen oronapnnartcx. B sanncnmocrn or orneron na +ror no-
npoc nonnmaercx n pyrax rema: re onxnt necrnct coornercrnymmne xon-
cyntrannn n neperonopt.
Poccncxne cnennanncrt ocrarouno orxponenno ronopxr, uro c nx rou-
xn spennx oronop OBCE yxe ne nosponrt, n uro nmte nontrxn orono-
pnrtcx na ocnone moepnnsannn ero nonoxenn nnn nonoxenn aanrnpo-
nannoro OBCE opeuent na neyauy
13
. H xorx o]nnnantnte npecrannrenn

12
Kommenrapn enapramenra nn]opmannn n neuarn MH Pu n cnxsn c pemennem pxa
crpan HATO no OBCE, 23 noxpx 2011 r. <http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-dvbr.nsf/6786f16f9aa1
fc72432569ea0036120e/c32577ca00173dc0442579510059a75e!OpenDocument> (8.12.2011).
13
Btcrynnenne samecrnrenx mnnncrpa oopont Pu A. H. Anronona 23 mapra 2012 r. na
nayuno-npaxrnuecxo xon]epennnn PCM Enpo-arnanrnuecxoe coomecrno esonacnocrn:
mn] nnn peantnocrt. Cm.: Marepnant nayuno-npaxrnuecxo xon]epennnn Enpo-arnanrn-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 720
ontmnncrna rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon OBCE ncnontsymr onee orexae-
mte ]opmynnponxn, ocrannxx orxptro nept x nosnpamennm n pexnm
OBCE, ero ]axrnuecxn pacna pasnxstnaer pyxn rocyapcrnam
yuacrnnxam. Hpn ocyxennn nonpoca o nontx oronopennocrxx no otu-
ntm noopyxenntm cnnam n Enpone onn moryr ecrnonart es ornxxn na
nonoxennx oronopa n ncxart necranaprnte, ne nnnctnammnecx n napa-
merpt OBCE ornert na croxmne na nonecrxe nx nonpoct.


Bosuoanme napaue1pm nonon oronopennoc1n

B xoe ncxyccn nocnennx ner no nonpocam xonrponx na otuntmn
noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone c]opmnponancx ocrarouno mnpoxn +xc-
neprnt xoncencyc ornocnrentno roro, n xaxom nanpannennn moxer nrn pa-
ora na nontm cornamennem nnn nontmn oronopennocrxmn, ecnn coorner-
crnymmne rocyapcrna npoxnxr ocrarounym nonnrnuecxym nonm nx +roro
14
.
Ecnn peut ner o nosmoxnocrn nororonxn nonoro nonnomacmranoro
cornamennx o xonrpone na noopyxennxmn, npeycmarpnnammero onpee-
nennte orpannuennx, omen nn]opmanne n mept xonrponx na conmenn-
em ocrnrnyrtx oronopennocre, ro ocraercx orxptrtm nonpoc o ero
norennnantntx yuacrnnxax. Fyyr nn +ro 30 rocyapcrn, yuacrnonanmnx n
OBCE nnn 36 yuacrnnxon xoncyntrann 20102011 rr.? Hnn cocran nos-
moxntx yuacrnnxon nonoro cornamennx yer nntm?
Orner na +ror nonpoc ne xnnxercx ouennntm. Bo ncxxom cnyuae, napn-
anr coxpamennx xpyra yuacrnnxon pexnma xonrponx na noopyxennxmn
(nosmoxnocrt ocrnxennx oronopennocrn es yuacrnx Asepaxana, Ipy-
snn n Monont, sannmanmnx nanmenee rnxne nosnnnn), ocyxanmncx n
xoe xoncyntrann 36 crpan n 20102011 rr., tn orneprnyr ontmnncrnom
yuacrnnxon
15
.
B ro xe npemx nonnomacmranoe cornamenne no xonrponm na otu-
ntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn npx nn yer omeenponecxnm. Heperonopt
na +ry remy npx nn yyr necrnct n pamxax OFCE. Peut moxer nrn npexe
ncero o ocrnxennn oronopennocrn Poccnn co crpanamn HATO npn nos-
moxnom yuacrnn pyrnx rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon OBCE, xpyr xoroptx eme
npecronr onpeennrt, a raxxe o pacmnpennn npeo+ema nomeuua.iuoeo
coe.aueuu. Hxrt xareropn rxxentx noopyxenn, orpannunnanmnxcx
OBCE, oente ranxn, oente ponnponannte mamnnt, aprnnnepnx, oe-
nte camonert n nepronert yxe ne paccmarpnnamrcx yuacrnnxamn OBCE
xax npemer ocoo osaouennocrn.
Konnuecrno +rnx noopyxenn n Enpone cymecrnenno coxparnnoct n pe-
syntrare ntnonnennx n nepentnonnennx rpeonann OBCE. Ceronx ono

uecxoe coomecrno esonacnocrn: mn] nnn peantnocrt, Mocxna, 23 mapra 2012 r. M.:
PCM, 2012. C. 69.
14
Cm., n uacrnocrn: Zellner W., Boyer Y., Facon I., Grand C., Khn U., Kulesa L., Zagor-
ski A., Towards a Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian Security Community: From Vision to Reality. Ham-
burg; Paris; Warsaw; Moscow. 2012. P. 1718.
15
Arx, von P. Op.cit. P. 39.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 721
namnoro nnxe npeentntx yponne, cornaconanntx n pamxax oronopa ne
rontxo 1990 r., no n ero aanrnponannoro napnanra 1999 r.
16
B +rom ona ns
npnunn roro, uro rocyapcrna-yuacrnnxn ne pamarnsnponann +posnm pexn-
ma OBCE. On ntnonnnn cnom saauy.
Hpn conpemenntx yponnxx orpannuenntx nm noopyxenn n noenno
rexnnxn ocymecrnnenne xpynnomacmrantx nacrynarentntx onepann n
Enpone cunraercx nenosmoxntm. Hn ona cropona ne pacnonaraer neoxon-
mtm nx +roro norennnanom.
Peut ceronx ner o pacnpocrpanennn mep xonrponx na nonte xareropnn
noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn c yuerom ]ynamenrantno rpanc]opmannn
noopyxenntx cnn n moepnnsannn noopyxenn enponecxnx rocyapcrn. Hpn
+rom ocyxamrcx pasnnunte xareropnn noopyxenn, xoropte mornn t trt
oxnauent nontmn oronopennocrxmn. Hx oxonuarentnt nepeuent moxer
trt cocrannen rontxo n nponecce neperonopon sannrepeconanntx cropon.
Ceronx ceptesnomy comnennm nonepraercx nenecoopasnocrt coxpa-
nennx nnn cornaconannx ro.u:ecmeeuuix oepauu:euu na orentnte nnt
noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn, xorx nonnoro xoncencyca na +ror cuer, no-
nnnmomy, ner. Comnennx n neoxonmocrn cornaconannx xonnuecrnenntx
napamerpon nosnnxamr xax n cnxsn c nectma nnsxnmn cymecrnymmnmn ypon-
nxmn nx orentntx xareropn noopyxenn, rax n n cnxsn c rem, uro n ycno-
nnxx rnyoxo rpanc]opmannn noopyxenntx cnn pemammee snauenne
npnoperamr nx xauecrnennte xapaxrepncrnxn, rpyno nnn noome ne no-
ammnecx xonnuecrnennomy orpannuennm.
B +ro cnxsn rnanntmn nenxmn conpemenntx oronopennocre n onac-
rn xonrponx na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone cunramrcx
oecneuenne ntcoxoro yponnx nsanmno npeocrasye+ocmu u mpaucnapeum-
uocmu (orxptrocrn) noenno exrentnocrn, xoropte nosnonnnn t oecne-
unrt noccranonnenne yrpauennoro nsanmnoro onepnx mexy rocyapcrnamn
n noenno onacrn. B uacrnocrn, nxnmuenne n nonte oronopennocrn nontx
xareropn noopyxenn n noenno rexnnxn, xax npannno, ocyxaercx ne c
rouxn spennx nneennx coornercrnymmnx xonnuecrnenntx orpannuenn, a n
nnane nx oxnara mepamn rpancnapenrnocrn, nx monnropnnra.
Bonpoc o omene nn]opmanne o otuntx noopyxenntx cnnax xax
uacrn nosmoxntx n yymem oronopennocre ne ntstnaer ceronx cnopon.
Onaxo ner xoncencyca ornocnrentno nenecoopasntx mep nponepxn npeoc-
rannxemo nn]opmannn. Ecnn n Poccnn pasnnunte ]opmt nncnexnn noc-
npnnnmamrcx ceronx cyryo xax nacnene xonono nont, ro crpant
HATO ncxoxr ns roro, uro npocro omen anntmn es nosmoxnocrn npone-
ennx nncnexnn ne nmeer cmtcna. Hpecrannxercx, onaxo, uro peantnoe
ocyxenne annoro nonpoca eme ne nauanoct n uro crenent nnrpysnnnocrn
mep nponepxn nnonne moxer trt npemerom ocyxennx rora, xora n ecnn
y cropon noxnnrcx xcnocrt n ornomennn ocnonntx napamerpon nosmoxno n
yymem oronopennocrn.
Cymecrnymmne noopyxennx n Enpone, orpannunnaemte OBCE namno-
ro nnxe ycranonnenntx nm npeentntx xonnuecrnenntx yponne. B nocne-

16
Enncrnennoe ncxnmuenne Asepaxan, cymecrnenno npentmanmn n nocnenne
rot ycranonnennte nx nero npeentnte yponnn.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 722
nne rot ocyxaercx nonpoc o nosmoxnocrn xomnencnponart norepn n
rpancnapenrnocrn noenno exrentnocrn, nosnnxmne n pesyntrare npexpa-
mennx omena nn]opmanne n nponeennx nncnexnn, sa cuer +ooepuusauu
+ep yrpen.euu ooeepu u oesonacuocmu, npeoyc+ompeuuix Beucru+ oory-
+eumo+ OBCE. To ecrt o nepenoce nenrpa rxxecrn enponecxnx neperonopon
no xonrponm na noopyxennxmn na moepnnsannm Bencxoro oxymenra nme-
cro nororonxn nonoro cornamennx onee ysxnm xpyrom rocyapcrn.
Ecnn pantme, xora nennct xoncyntrannn o nospoxennn pexnma
OBCE, npaxrnuecxn nce nx yuacrnnxn nosepxnnannct or nontrox nepene-
crn ocyxenne nnrepecymmnx nx nonpocon n OFCE, ro n 20102012 rr. n
pamxax Oprannsannn nauanact paora no moepnnsannn Bencxoro oxymenra.
B 2010 r. tna cornaconana nponeypa raxo moepnnsannn. B nocneymmne
rot npnnxr px xonxperntx pemenn n +rom nanpannennn
17
.
Onaxo moepnnsannx Bencxoro oxymenra OFCE orpannunnact peme-
nnxmn rexnnuecxoro xapaxrepa. Hocne 2011 r. +ra paora samerno saropmo-
snnact. B 2012 r. n OFCE tno npnnxro rontxo ono pemenne no ]opmyne
Bencxn oxymenr nnmc
18
, a n ono raxxe orpannunnoct rexnnuecxnmn
mepamn.
Cepxannocrt n nponnxennn na +rom nanpannennn npoxnnxer npexe
ncero poccncxax cropona, cctnaxct na ocrarounocrt npexnnx oronopen-
nocre nx oecneuennx neoxonmoro yponnx nsanmno rpancnapenrnocrn.
Onaxo na crone neperonopon n Bene nexar poccncxn n sanant naxert
npenoxenn ornocnrentno coepxarentno, a ne rontxo rexnnuecxo mo-
epnnsannn nonoxenn Bencxoro oxymenra. 3rn naxert npenoxenn cy-
mecrnenno ornnuamrcx pyr or pyra, no cam ]axr nx ntnnxennx, a y
poccncxnx npenoxenn na +ror cuer annxx ncropnx
19
, cnnerentcrnyer o
rom, uro nnrepec x annomy nonpocy ecrt n n Mocxne, n na 3anae.
Peantnte neperonopt no coepxarentno moepnnsannn Bencxoro o-
xymenra eme ne nauannct. Hpecxasart nx pesyntrar cnoxno: cymecrnenno
ornnuammnecx pyr or pyra npenoxennx moryr crart xax nonoom nx no-
ncxa pasymnoro xomnpomncca, rax n npnunno nx noxnponannx nontx o-
ronopennocre, xax +ro nponsomno n 1999 r., xora ouepenoe ononnenne
Bencxoro oxymenra cnenoct x cyryo cnmnonnuecxnm pemennxm.
Onaxo npecrannxercx ouennntm, uro pemenne mnornx nponem, no-
poxenntx +posne pexnma OBCE, namnoro npome n nepoxrnee ceronx n
pamxax OFCE, n rom uncne n nponecce moepnnsannn Bencxoro oxymenra,
uem n xoe nororonxn nonoro nonnomacmranoro cornamennx no xonrponm
na otuntmn noopyxenntmn cnnamn n Enpone.


17
Cm.: Arx von P. Op.cit. P. 4346; Zagorski A. From Astana to Vilnius // OSCE Focus Con-
ference Proceedings 1415 October 2011, Villa Moynier, Geneva, 2011. P. 7881.
18
oxymenr FSC.DEC/9/12. Vienna Document plus decision No 9/12 on prior notification of
major military activities.
19
Cm.: Masyp A. Yxas cou. C. 326368.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 723
9. OCOFEHHOCTH BOEHHOIO CTPOHTEHICTBA
B HOCTCOBETCKHX HEHTPAHIHOA3HATCKHX
IOCYAPCTBAX B KOHTEKCTE BI3OBOB
PEIHOHAHIHOH FE3OHACHOCTH


Cranncnan HBAHOB

Cocroxnne noopyxenntx cnn n nepcnexrnnt noennoro n noenno-
rexnnuecxoro corpynnuecrna c nocrconercxnmn rocyapcrnamn Henrpantno
Asnn (HA) n nocnenee npemx nce uame cranonxrcx npemerom nayunoro ana-
nnsa n npnnnexamr nnnmanne cpecrn maccono nn]opmannn. 3romy cnoco-
crnymr xax mnnnmym na ]axropa.
Bo-nepntx, ceronxmnxx nocrconercxax Henrpantnax Asnx xnyox
npornnopeun nannonantnoro, +rno-xon]eccnonantnoro, reppnropnantnoro n
pyroro xapaxrepa. Opasno ronopx, +ro nopmmte anexoro or crannt-
nocrn A]ranncrana. Ocooe snauenne pernon npnoperaer n cnxsn c npe-
croxmnm n 2014 r. ntnoom nocx CBA n mexynapono xoannnnn ns
A]ranncrana.
Heoxonmo cunrartcx c nosmoxnocrtm ynennuennx macmraa reppopn-
crnuecxo, +xcrpemncrcxo n napxornuecxo yrpos, ncxoxmnx c reppnropnn
+ro crpant.
Crpant HA oxastnamrcx xax t na nepenem xpae optt c mexyna-
pontm reppopnsmom, panxantntmn ncnamncrcxnmn rpynnnponxamn, nene-
rantno mnrpanne n napxorpa]nxom c a]rancxoro nanpannennx.
Y nonnrnuecxnx +nnr pxa nenrpantnoasnarcxnx crpan nosnnxaer ecre-
crnennoe crpemnenne yxpennrt cnon noopyxennte cnnt n trt n roronnocrn
samnmart cnon rocyapcrna xax or nnemne arpeccnn, rax n nosmoxntx na-
cnntcrnenntx ecrnn anrnnpannrentcrnenntx +nemenron.
Bo-nroptx, nenrpantnoasnarcxne rocyapcrna oxasannct nepe nnem-
mo: coxpannrt cnon rpannnonnte cnxsn n onacrn noenno-rexnnuecxoro
corpynnuecrna (BTC) c Poccne nnn pasnnnart noennoe n noenno-rexnnuecxoe
corpynnuecrno c sanantmn n pyrnmn crpanamn.
Ha ceronxmnn ent Pu, esycnonno, npenannpyer n omem oeme no-
ennoro n noenno-rexnnuecxoro corpynnuecrna crpan HA. Fonee roro, +rn
rocyapcrna nnrerpnpymrcx n mexynaponte oprannsannn (CHI, OKF,
BOC, EnpAs3C), nrpammne nce onee samernym pont n noepxannn pe-
rnonantno cranntnocrn. Hpn +rom crpant HA ne orxastnamrcx n or yua-
crnx n pxe nporpamm HATO. Hamernnact renennnx n x nnepcn]nxannn
noenno-rexnnuecxoro corpynnuecrna crpan HA, nomnmo Poccnn, c pyrnmn
sapyexntmn naprnepamn.
Kax nsnecrno, pacna CCCP n nauane 1990-x roon npnnen x cosannm
nxrn nontx nesanncnmtx rocyapcrn HA (Kasaxcrana, Ysexncrana, Typxme-
nncrana, Taxnxncrana n Ktprtscrana). Hpaxrnuecxn ncx conercxax oenax
rexnnxa n noopyxennx, oxasanmnecx x romy npemenn na reppnropnn +rnx
crpan, sa ncxnmuennem xepnoro opyxnx n crparernuecxnx paxerntx ycrano-
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 724
nox, tnn nmn nannonannsnponant n nocnyxnnn ocnono nx cosannx na-
nnonantntx noopyxenntx cnn.
Cneyer ormernrt, uro n pernone oxasanoct xnno nstrounoe xonnuecr-
no noopyxenn (Cpeneasnarcxoro noennoro oxpyra, rpynn conercxnx nocx,
ntneenntx ns crpan Bocrouno Enpont n A]ranncrana, n r. n.). H ecnn n
nauane peannsannn cnonx cynepenntx npan na onm noennoro nmymecrna
CCCP nnept monotx rocyapcrn crpemnnnct ecrnonart no npnnnnny
uem ontme, rem nyume, ro yxe uepes necxontxo ner nnnornym ncran no-
npoc, a xax pacnopxnrtcx apcenanamn, no ontme uacrn npentmammnm
norpenocrn nontx apmn. Fonee roro, xax oxasanoct, pacxot no oxpane n
noepxannm n nopmantnom cocroxnnn orpomntx sanacon noopyxenn nernn
nenomepntm pemenem na mxert tnmnx conercxnx pecnynnx, a uacrt
+roro noennoro nmymecrna crana npecrannxrt coo npxmym yrposy nacene-
nnm nnsnexamnx nacenenntx nynxron.
Tax, n Typxmenncrane onapyxnnnct reun n xenesnoopoxntx nncrep-
nax c roxcnuntm paxerntm ronnnnom, ormeuannct noxapt n camonponsnont-
nte nsptnt na cxnaax oenpnnacon, xoropte xpannnnct sect eme co
npemen Bropo mnpono nont. B +rnx ycnonnxx pyxononrenn crpan HA
ntnyxent tnn nponecrn nnnenrapnsannm noennoro nmymecrna n c nomo-
mtm tnmnx conercxnx noennocnyxamnx, a raxxe nnocrpanntx, n ocnon-
nom poccncxnx cnennanncron, npnnecrn n ornocnrentnt nopxox +rn
ropt opyxnx n oenpnnacon.
B xaxo ns crpan HA +ror nponecc nporexan no-cnoemy, no omnmn
npnnnnnamn n noxoamn crann cneymmne:
n coornercrnnn c peantno uncnennocrtm n oprannsannonno-mrarno
crpyxrypo nannonantntx BC n nx pacnopxxenne npeocrannxnnct rax na-
stnaemte yueno-oente n oente rpynnt noopyxenn, npononnact noro-
ronxa nnunoro cocrana n ycnonnxx mnpnoro npemenn n pasnopaunnannct
monnnsannonnte pesepnt na nepno yuenn nnn oentx ecrnn;
uacrt oeno rexnnxn tna ornpannena na nnrentnoe xpanenne n
npenasnauanact nx pemonra n sament ntxoxmnx ns crpox mexannsmon;
nsnnmxn opyxnx n oeno rexnnxn npoanannct n pyrne crpant;
nenpnronte x +xcnnyarannn n +xcnopry noopyxennx n oenpnnact
yrnnnsnponannct camocroxrentno n c nomomtm nnocrpanntx xomnann.
Hosnee, xora conercxne opasnt opyxnx n oeno rexnnxn crann
mopantno n ]nsnuecxn ycrapenart na nonecrxe nx nce ocrpee ncranan no-
npoc o nx pemonre, moepnnsannn n saxynxax nontx, onee conpemenntx
noopyxenn.
Hpnopnrer n +ro onacrn no-npexnemy oranancx Poccnn, nocxontxy
ona xnnxnact npanonpeemnnne CCCP. Fontmym uacrt conercxoro noenno-
npomtmnennoro xomnnexca (BHK) e yanoct coxpannrt. Axrnnno ncnontso-
nannct n nosmoxnocrn ooponntx npenpnxrn Kasaxcrana n Ysexncrana.
Hs crpan HA nanonee momntm BHK onaaer Kasaxcran. B crpane na-
naxent nponsnocrno, xannrantnt pemonr n moepnnsannx ponerexnnxn n
mopcxnx cyon, a raxxe nsroronnenne pasnnuntx nnon opyxnx n oenpnna-
con. Kpome roro, orxptrt conmecrnte c Poccne npenpnxrnx no nponsno-
crny cpecrn cnxsn, n nnxame nepcnexrnne nnannpyercx cosanart
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 725
ecnnnornte nerarentnte annapart, onrnxo-+nexrponnte n panonoxannon-
nte cncremt, nonte moenn camoneron n neproneron.
Ono ns ocnonntx nanpannenn pasnnrnx rpanc]epr nepeontx rex-
nonorn. Oem npoyxnnn exerono ynennunnaercx n pamxax rocyapcrnen-
noro ooponnoro saxasa. Hnannpyercx crponrentcrno sanoa n ocnoenne
rexnonorn no nponsnocrny narponon, anromarnsnponanntx cpecrn ynpan-
nennx nocxamn, xarepon, xopane n cyon pasnnunoro xnacca noennoro n
nonoro nasnauennx noonsmemennem o 500 r, cyopemonrnoro npenpn-
xrnx no rexnnuecxomy ocnyxnnannm xarepon n xopane na Kacnncxom
mope, noxapno n anapnno-cnacarentno rexnnxn, nponsnocrno cpecrn
panonoxannn n moepnnsannn cymecrnymmnx cncrem.
Fontmnncrno npenpnxrn BHK CCCP, pacnonaranmnxcx n Kasaxcrane,
tnn opnenrnponant na nponsnocrno noenno-mopcxo npoyxnnn. Ona n
ceuac xnnxercx npeonaamme n omem oeme xasaxcrancxoro noennoro
+xcnopra. Kpome roro, +xcnoprnpyercx necxontxo ecxrxon nanmenonann
annannonntx nsenn, ysnon n arperaron nx annacrponrentntx n annape-
monrntx npenpnxrn CHI (Pu, Yxpannt, Fenapycn n Ysexncrana).
Crpemnenne x noepxannm ornomenn c Pu n onacrn BTC y crpan
Henrpantno Asnn no-npexnemy coxpanxercx. B +ro cnxsn cneyer orme-
rnrt ntrornte poccncxne nent na sanuacrn, ICM, oenpnnact n nonte
noopyxennx n pamxax CHI n OKF, nomomt co cropont Pu n nororonxe
nannonantntx noenntx xapon, orcyrcrnne xstxonoro aptepa.
Ho napxy c +rnm, xax yxe ynomnnanoct ntme, ormeuaercx n crpemne-
nne nenrpantnoasnarcxnx rocyapcrn x nocrenenno nnepcn]nxannn noen-
noro n noenno-rexnnuecxoro corpynnuecrna sa cuer pacmnpennx reorpa]nn
naprnepcxnx cnxse.
Bo mnorom +ro crnmynnpyercx ncrpeuntmn, nectma ntrontmn npeno-
xennxmn co cropont sanantx rocyapcrn, ocoenno n nocnenee npemx, xo-
ra oosnauent xonxpernte cpoxn ntnoa nocx mexynapono xoannnnn
ns A]ranncrana.
CBA ne cxptnamr cnoe sannrepeconannocrn coxpannrt noennym asy
n Ktprtscrane (Manac), cosart eme necxontxo e noontx n pyrnx crpa-
nax HA, n uacrnocrn n Ysexncrane n Taxnxncrane. Ocyxaercx raxxe no-
npoc o nepeaue uacrn opyxnx n oeno rexnnxn mexynapono xoannnnn
crpanam HA esnosmesno. Paccmarpnnancx nonpoc o nepeaue Ysexncrany n
Taxnxncrany n ontmnx oemax npnopon, annaparon n xananon nnpryant-
no pasnexn, n rom uncne ecnnnorntx nerantntx annaparon, nn]pontx
panocrannn, xomnnexron nnnnnyantno +xnnnponxn, ocnamenntx nann-
raropamn GPS, ponnponanntx anromonne, ponerpancnoprepon, cpecrn
HBO, ranxon n paxerno-aprnnnepncxnx cncrem co cpecrnamn xocmnuecxo
rononpnnxsxn, a raxxe crpenxonoro opyxnx, oopyonannoro npnnenamn nou-
noro nnennx.
Henraron, nnnmo, npnmen x ntnoy, uro annte ntcoxorexnonornunte
noopyxennx nepeanart a]rancxo apmnn ne cneyer n cnny oexrnnntx
cnoxnocre ee ocnoennx nnuntm cocranom a]rancxo apmnn n ontmo ne-
poxrnocrn nonaannx ee n pyxn oennxon nnxennx Tannan.
Ocyxannct xonxpernte npenoxennx Henrarona no cosannm n Ta-
xnxncrane n Ysexncrane na onronpemenno ocnone cern yuentx nenrpon,
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 726
re nocxa crpan HA mornn t ocnannart nepeanaemte nm ns rpynnnponxn
antxnca n A]ranncrane opyxne n oenym rexnnxy.
B Taxnxncrane yxe ecrnyer noepxnnaemt CBA yuent nenrp,
xoropt ncnonnpyercx n uaxpaae. Taxnxncrany tno nepeano 300 xom-
nnexron nnnnnyantnoro cnapxxennx n oopyonanne nx rpynn cnennant-
noro nasnauennx, xoroptx roronxr amepnxancxne nncrpyxropt. Bcero, naun-
nax c 1992 r., Bamnnrron npeocrannn onee 984 mnn onn. CBA na noepx-
xy +xonomnuecxoro pasnnrnx n cncrem esonacnocrn n Taxnxncrane.
Hpannrentcrno Kasaxcrana n cnom ouepet saxnnno o namepennn saxy-
nnrt 20 raxrnuecxnx rpancnoprntx neproneron EC725 Super Cougar. Kax co-
omaercx na care npoanna enponecxo xomnannn Eurocopter, nepronert
nnannpyercx npnopecrn nx nyx mnnncrepcrna oopont. B nacroxmee
npemx xasaxcrancxne nnacrn yxe ncnontsymr rpaxancxym nepcnm +roro
nepronera nx VIP-nepenosox.
Axrnnnsannn BTC Ysexncrana c CBA n HATO cnococrnonana ormena
Enpocomsom, a necxontxo nosxe n CBA, orpannunrentntx canxnn, nneen-
ntx n ornomennn Tamxenra nocne nsnecrntx annxancxnx cotrn.
Hoxoxe na ro, uro sannrepeconannocrt 3anaa n yxpennennn cnonx no-
snnn n +ro crpane nepenecnna osaouennocrt no nonoy napymennx npan
uenonexa n Ysexncrane. Cnennanncrt oparnnn nnnmanne na nanaxnnanne
Tamxenrom corpynnuecrna c Fepnnnom, xoropoe sarparnnaer n noennym
c]epy. Tax, Iepmannx nomoraer Ysexncrany n crponrentcrne nannonantno
apmnn, npenaraer saxynnrt nexoropte nnt noenno rexnnxn, n uacrnocrn,
rpennponounte camonert Alfa-jet ns apcenanon ynecnepa. Ho anntm ne-
menxo cropont, apmnx Ysexncrana yxe ncnontsyer noennoe cnapxxenne tn-
me IP.
CBA nocrannnn nx cnnontx crpyxryp Ysexncrana naprnm ponexn-
neron, nameueno nocrannrt raxxe amepnxancxne npnopt nounoro nnennx n
nannrannonnte cncremt, xoropte, no mnennm Bamnnrrona, yyr cnococr-
nonart oecneuennm ontme esonacnocrn nyre ocranxn rpyson n A]ra-
nncran n npeceuennm exrentnocrn xonrpaanncron.
Ouennno, Bamnnrrony npnercx necxontxo cxoppexrnponart cnon nna-
nt n ornomennn Ysexncrana. eno n rom, uro n pamxax nono nnemnenonn-
rnuecxo crparernn Ysexncran npnnxn pemenne npnepxnnartcx nerpann-
rera n mexynapontx enax, nponosrnacnn cnoe neyuacrne n nmtx noenntx
comsax, a raxxe ncxnmunn nannune nnocrpanntx noenntx as na reppnropnn
crpant. B coornercrnnn c +rnm pemennem Tamxenr n 2012 r. npnocranonnn
cnoe unencrno n Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnexrnnno esonacnocrn (OKF).
Bnemnxx nomomt nyxna n Taxnxncrany, re nerom n ocentm 2010 r.
nennct oente ecrnnx c oennenntmn orpxamn onnosnnnn. Pacxot na
oopony Taxnxncran ynennunn na 25%. Cymecrnyer ontmax nepoxrnocrt
roro, uro n cnxsn c necranntnocrtm ome cnryannn n +ro crpane noopy-
xennoe npornnocroxnne nnacre c onnosnnne npoonxnrcx.
B +rnx ycnonnxx Fnmxex n ymane oparnnnct x Mocxne sa ononnn-
rentno noenno nomomtm. Poccnx yxe saxnnna o roronnocrn ntennrt
1.1 mnp onn. na nepenoopyxenne apmnn Ktprtscrana n oxono 200 mnn
onn. na nyxt noopyxenntx cnn Taxnxncrana. Fontmax uacrt opyxnx n
noenno rexnnxn, cxopee ncero, moxer trt nocrannena co cxnaon Mnnn-
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 727
crepcrna oopont Pu. Fesycnonno, moepnnsannx, nororonxa noopyxenn x
+xcnopry, rpancnoprnponxa, oyuenne asnarcxnx noennocnyxamnx, pyrne
naxnante pacxot norpeymr ononnnrentntx ]nnancontx cpecrn.
Onennnax crpemnenne CBA n HATO axrnnnsnponart cnoe noennoe n
noenno-rexnnuecxoe corpynnuecrno c nocrconercxnmn rocyapcrnamn HA,
moxno npnrn x ntnoy, uro +rn marn cnxsant ne rontxo c npecroxmnm nt-
noom nocx mexynapono xoannnnn ns A]ranncrana, no n c xenannem
Coennenntx Braron ycnnnrt nsonxnnm Hpana n c +roro nectma naxnoro
nanpannennx.
B cronnnax rocyapcrn HA c ontmo nacropoxennocrtm ornocxrcx x
nontrxam nx nrxrnnannx n npornnocroxnne c Hpanom. Fonee roro, nnept
crpan pernona c onacxo ornocxrcx x nnanam CBA n Hspannx noenntm ny-
rem pemnrt npancxym xepnym nponemy. Onn nonnmamr, uro paspymenne
npancxnx paxerno-xepntx oexron n ne]rerasontx npomtcnon moxer
yxymnrt omym cnryannm n pernone n npnnecrn x pernonantno +xonorn-
uecxo xaracrpo]e, nxnmuax axnaropnm Kacnncxoro mopx.
Kpome roro, nacnntcrnennax cmena pexnmon n pxe crpan Fnnxnero
Bocroxa, noepxannax CBA n nx comsnnxamn no HATO, raxxe ntsnana
onpeenennte onacennx n npanxmnx xpyrax nocrconercxnx rocyapcrn HA.
He noxnnrcx nn co npemenem y CBA xenanne nponecrn emoxparnsannm n
n crpanax HA no sananomy opasny? Bet o nocnenero npemenn na 3anae
ne cxptnann cnonx onenox pexnmon pernona xax nxraropcxnx, neemo-
xparnuecxnx, anrnnapontx. onnmnct cment pexnma n Cnpnn, nsonn-
ponan Hpan, Bamnnrron moxer nocrannrt na nonecrxy nx n emoxparnsa-
nnm Henrpantno-Asnarcxoro pernona.
Hcxox ns +roro, ontmnncrno pyxononrene nocrconercxnx rocyapcrn
ne cnemar pocartcx n oxrnx x cnonm nontm naprnepam, ntramrcx
crponrt ornomennx c nnmn na cyryo nparmarnuno nnar]opme, npexe nce-
ro n roprono-+xonomnuecxo onacrn. uro xacaercx noennoro n noenno-
rexnnuecxoro corpynnuecrna co crpanamn 3anaa, ro sect nocrconercxnmn
rocyapcrnamn HA onycxaercx nnmt saxynxa ntcoxorexnonornuno npo-
yxnnn, xoropym ne moxer npenoxnrt Poccnx, n antme ymepenno nnep-
cn]nxannn ncrounnxon noopyxenn sa cuer 3anaa, Knrax n pxa pyrnx
crpan peut noxa ne ner.
K coxanennm, neymne mnponte epxant eme ne o xonna cmornn npe-
oonert nacnene xonono nont n, no nnepnnn, ntramrcx xonxypnpo-
nart n raxnx uyncrnnrentntx onacrxx, xax noennoe n noenno-rexnnuecxoe
corpynnuecrno c pasnnnammnmncx crpanamn. Cnom noennym npoyxnnm
crpanam HA npenaramr n ]npmt Hspannx, Typnnn, Rxno Kopen, Knrax,
pyrnx crpan.
Henrpantno-Asnarcxn pernon oxasancx xax t na crtxe nnrepecon
Poccnn, CBA, Knrax n pyrnx sannrepeconanntx rocyapcrn. Hpn +rom ne
ncera npocunrtnamrcx nosmoxnte nerarnnnte nocnecrnnx nx mexyna-
pono n pernonantno esonacnocrn or nstrounocrn noopyxenn n oe-
no rexnnxn n ro nnn nno crpane nnn pernone.
Ecrt onpeenennte nocrynart n onacrn BTC, xoropte ouennnt nx
cnennanncron, no ne ncera yunrtnamrcx nonnrnxamn. Bor nexoropte ns nnx:
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 728
1. Hpexe uem nocrannxrt opyxne n oenym rexnnxy romy nnn nnomy
rocyapcrny nnn pexnmy, nao npocunrart, nacxontxo onn cranntnt n npou-
nt, uro moxer oxnart nx n nnxamem yymem, xax moxer trt ncnont-
sonano nocrannennoe nnocrpannoe noopyxenne, c xem xonxperno conpaercx
noenart nnn or xoro samnmartcx rocyapcrno norpenrent noopyxenn, ner
nn nepoxrnocrn pasnxstnannx rpaxancxo nont, arpeccnn npornn cocenero
rocyapcrna, pernonantnoro noopyxennoro xon]nnxra nnn nonaannx opyxnx
n pyxn reppopncron, +xcrpemncron, nnparon n noontx rpynnnponox.
2. Pasnnnart BTC c nnocrpanntmn rocyapcrnamn nentsx es recno ero
ynxsxn c corpynnuecrnom n pyrnx onacrxx (nonnrnuecxo, roprono-
+xonomnuecxo, nayuno-rexnnuecxo, xyntrypno n p.).
3. Hocranxa noopyxenn n oeno rexnnxn sa pyex onxna conponox-
artcx rmarentno npocunranno n oecneuenno ncem neoxonmtm mnoro-
nerne nporpammo ee antneme +xcnnyarannn (rexoxymenrannx na nno-
crpannom xstxe, nororonxa nepconana, rexymn, cpenn n xannrantnt
pemonrt, nocranxa sanuacre, oenpnnacon, rpenaxepon n npouero ncnomora-
rentnoro oopyonannx). Manemn co n +ro nenouxe npenpamaer camoe
conpemennoe noopyxenne n ropt nnxomy ne nyxnoro merannonoma n ncxpe-
nrnpyer crpany-nocranmnxa.
Hentsx satnart n neuantnt ncropnuecxn ontr, xora opyxne sana-
ntx n conercxnx opasnon camtm mnpoxnm opasom ncnontsonanoct no
nnyrpennnx n pernonantntx xon]nnxrax. Hanonee xponantmn ns nnx mox-
no cunrart apao-nspanntcxne nont, noctmnnernmm npaxo-npancxym no-
ny, rpaxancxne nont n Comann, 3]nonnn, Anrone, Cyane, Yrane, A]ra-
nncrane, ecxrxax pyrnx crpan. B Cnpnn ecxrxn rtcxu nme nornnn,
cntme cornn rtcxu panent n nonyunnn yneutx, oxono mnnnnona crann e-
xennamn n nepememenntmn nnnamn, ropoa n nacenennte nynxrt +ro
crpant nexar n pynnax.
Mnponomy coomecrny neoxonmo paspaorart n npnnxrt naexnym
oronopno-npanonym asy n onacrn nponsnocrna n +xcnopra otuntx noo-
pyxenn. Hoxa nce ycnnnx na +rom nanpannennn n pamxax OOH pesyntrara ne
ann.
Crpant Henrpantno Asnn nepe nnnom yrpos c a]rancxoro nanpanne-
nnx nyxamrcx n pasnnrnn cnonx noopyxenntx cnn, no +ror nponecc onxen
ocymecrnnxrtcx n nnnnnnsonanntx pamxax.
Hnuem ne onpanannax, ycxopennax mnnnrapnsannx n ronxa noopyxenn
pasnnnammnxcx crpan, xax npannno, yxymaer marepnantnoe nonoxenne
ontme uacrn nacenennx, panxannsyer omecrno, ornnexax snaunrentnte
mxernte cpecrna na noennte nyxt, npononnpyer nnyrpennne n perno-
nantnte noopyxennte xon]nnxrt.
B +ro cnryannn nonnrnxa nocranox nymex nmecro xnea moxer nnmt
ycnnnrt neonepne nacenennx x nnacrxm, ycyrynrt pacxon n omecrne n
cnpononnponart rpaxancxne nont n pernonantnte noopyxennte xon]nnx-
rt, cosart ycnonnx nx pacnpocrpanennx nnnxnnx a]rancxnx +xcrpemncr-
cxnx rpynnnponox.
B crpanax HA rpansnr napxornxon cranonnrcx onnm ns ocnonntx nc-
rounnxon oxoon unnonnnxon n unenon npecrynntx rpynnnponox, nonnrn-
snponannt ncnam npouno nxonr n xnsnt omecrna n nnacrn.
HAVHHAB JKCHEPTH3A 729
Onpananntm, co ncex rouex spennx, tno t, napxy c osnponanno n
crporo pernamenrnponanno noenno nomomtm crpanam HA, oxastnart nm n
ontmnx macmraax rymannrapnym nomomt npoonontcrnnem n npemeramn
nepno neoxonmocrn. Baxno nnnecrnponart n xnsnenno naxnte oexrt
nn]pacrpyxrypt n +rnx rocyapcrnax, nnnnnnponart nsanmontronte +nep-
rernuecxne, nonte n pyrne pernonantnte npoexrt.
Taxo xomnnexcnt noxo n pasnnrnn onronpemenntx, nsanmontro-
ntx ornomenn Poccnn n pyrnx sannrepeconanntx rocyapcrn co crpanamn
HA nocnyxnn t antneme crannnsannn cnryannn n +rom nsptnoonac-
nom pernone.
Poccnx, xax n px pyrnx crpan CHI, nmeer nonoxnrentnt ontr co-
rpynnuecrna c nenrpantnoasnarcxnmn rocyapcrnamn. Ononpemenno Mocx-
na nanaxnnaer corpynnuecrno c Bamnnrronom n Fpmccenem na a]rancxom
nanpannennn, urot nocrannrt naexnt aptep napxorpa]nxy, mexyna-
ponomy reppopnsmy n +xcrpemnsmy n pernone.
Ouennno, +ror nonoxnrentnt ontr mexynaponoro corpynnuecrna
n cneyer pasnnnart n nenpocrtx ycnonnxx Henrpantno-Asnarcxoro pernona.
Hacrano npemx or conepnnuecrna nennxnx epxan nepexonrt x onee
recnomy nsanmoecrnnm n nnrepecax yxpennennx pernonantno n mexyna-
pono esonacnocrn. Hpn raxom noxoe ntnrpann t nce sannrepeconan-
nte cropont: nocrconercxne crpant Henrpantno Asnn, conpeentnte rocy-
apcrna, neymne mnponte epxant.


III. OKYMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE
MATEPHAAB


10. OF3OP OCHOBHIX OKYMEHTOB Pu
HO BOHPOCAM HAHHOHAHIHOH FE3OHACHOCTH,
OFOPOHI H KOHTPOH HA BOOPYEHHMH
(HBAPIEKAFPI 2012 r.)

Tamapa uAPHACOBA

1. 3axonoa1entnme ax1m Pm
ueepantnt saxon or 14 nmnx 2012 r. X 69-u3 O parn]nxannn Cornamennx o
corpynnuecrne rocyapcrn unenon Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnexrnnno
esonacnocrn n onacrn paspaorxn, nponsnocrna, +xcnnyarannn, pemonra, mo-
epnnsannn, nponennx cpoxon +xcnnyarannn n yrnnnsannn npoyxnnn noennoro
nasnauennx
Hpnnxr I 25 max 2012 r., oopen Cu 6 nmnx 2012 r., nonncan Hpesnenrom
Pu 14 nmnx 2012 r.
Hacroxmnm saxonom parn]nnnponano ntmeyxasannoe Cornamenne, nonncan-
noe n r. Mocxne 10 exapx 2010 r. Ono ncrynnno n cnny nx Pu 27 nmnx 2012 r.
Ero rexcr npnneen n C3Pu 2012, X 42, cr. 5678.

meepantnmn saxon o1 14 nmnn 2012 r. N 70-m3 O pa1nqnxannn Corna-
mennn o nopnxe qopunponannn, qynxnnonnponannn cnn n cpec1n cnc1e-
um xonnex1nnnon esonacnoc1n Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnex1nnnon
esonacnoc1n
Hpnnxr I 25 max 2012 r., oopen Cu 6 nmnx 2012 r., nonncan Hpesnenrom
Pu 14 nmnx 2012 r.
Hacroxmnm saxonom parn]nnnponano ntmeyxasannoe Cornamenne, nonncan-
noe n r. Mocxne 10 exapx 2010 r.

meepantnmn saxon o1 10 nmnn 2012 r. N 104-m3 O pa1nqnxannn Corna-
mennn ueay Hpann1entc1nou Poccnncxon meepannn n Hpann1entc1nou
H1antnncxon Pecnynnxn o 1pansn1e nosymnmu 1pancnop1ou noopyae-
nnn, oenpnnacon, noennon 1exnnxn, noennoro nuymec1na n nepconana ue-
pes 1eppn1opnm Poccnncxon meepannn n cnnsn c yuac1neu Boopyaennmx
cnn H1antnncxon Pecnynnxn n ueaynaponmx ycnnnnx no c1annnsannn
n nocc1anonnennm Hcnaucxon Pecnynnxn Aqrannc1an
OKVMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE MATEPHAHB 731
Hpnnxr I 22 nmnx 2012 r., oopen Cu 27 nmnx 2012 r., nonncan Hpesnen-
rom Pu 10 nmnx 2012 r.
Hacroxmnm ]eepantntm saxonom parn]nnnponano yxasannoe ntme Corname-
nne, nonncannoe n r. Pnme 16 ]enpanx 2011 r.

meepantnmn saxon o1 12 nonpn 2012 r. N 199-m3 O pa1nqnxannn Co-
rnamennn ueay Hpann1entc1nou Poccnncxon meepannn n Hpann1entc1-
nou Koponenc1na mnennn o 1pansn1e nosymnmu 1pancnop1ou noopyae-
nnn, oenpnnacon, noennon 1exnnxn, noennoro nuymec1na n nepconana
uepes 1eppn1opnm Poccnncxon meepannn n cnnsn c yuac1neu Boopyaennmx
cnn Koponenc1na mnennn n ueaynaponmx ycnnnnx no c1annnsannn n
nocc1anonnennm Hcnaucxon Pecnynnxn Aqrannc1an
Hpnnxr I 26 oxrxpx 2012 r., oopen Cu 31 oxrxpx 2012 r., nonncan Hpe-
snenrom Pu 12 noxpx 2012 r.
Hacroxmnm saxonom parn]nnnponano yxasannoe ntme Cornamenne, nonncan-
noe n r. Knpyne 11 oxrxpx 2011 r.

meepantnmn saxon o1 12 nonpn 2012 r. N 200-m3 O pa1nqnxannn Hpo-
1oxona o pasuemennn osex1on noennon nnqpac1pyx1ypm na 1eppn1opnnx
rocyapc1n yuac1nnxon Oprannsannn oronopa o xonnex1nnnon esonac-
noc1n
Hpnnxr I 19 oxrxpx 2012 r., oopen Cu 31 oxrxpx 2012 r., nonncan Hpe-
snenrom Pu 12 noxpx 2012 r.
Hacroxmnm u3 parn]nnnponan ntmeyxasannt Hporoxon, nonncannt n r.
Mocxne 20 exapx 2011 r.

meepantnmn saxon o1 3 exapn 2012 r. N 216-m3 O qeepantnou m-
ae1e na 2013 ro n na nnanonmn nepno 2014 n 2015 roon
Hpnnxr I 23 noxpx 2012 r., oopen Cu 28 noxpx 2012 r., nonncan Hpesn-
enrom Pu 3 exapx 2012 r.
Hpnneent ocnonnte xapaxrepncrnxn ]eepantnoro mxera na yxasannte ne-
pnot, nopmt pacnpeenennx oxoon mexy mxeramn mxerno cncremt
Pu na 2013 ro n na nnanont nepno 2014 n 2015 roon.
Honnt rexcr nacroxmero u3 npnneen n C3Pu 2012, X 50 (uacrn IV), crartx
6939.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 732
2. Hopua1nnnme ax1m ncnonnn1entnon nnac1n

Yxas Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 23 nnnapn 2012 r. N 99 O o1-
smne nonncxoro qopunponannn Boopyaennmx cnn Poccnncxon meepannn,
npnnnuammero yuac1ne n onepannn OOH no noepaannm unpa n Pecny-
nnxe Cyan
B cnxsn c sanepmennem exrentnocrn mnccnn OOH n Pecnynnxe Cyan, cornac-
no Pesonmnnn CF OOH 1997 or 11 nmnx 2011 r. n nsmenennem mexynapono
noenno-nonnrnuecxo ocranonxn nacroxmnm oxymenrom, ntmeyxasannoe no-
nncxoe ]opmnponanne Boopyxenntx cnn Pu orstnaercx n o 1 anpenx 2012 r.
ntnonrcx c coornercrnymmnmn noopyxennem, noenno rexnnxo n marepnant-
ntmn sanacamn c reppnropnn Pecnynnxn Cyan na reppnropnm Pu. MH Poc-
cnn nopyueno nponn]opmnponart sannrepeconannte mexynaponte oprannsa-
nnn o ntnoe annoro nonncxoro ]opmnponannx n cnxsn c sanepmennem mnccnn
OOH n Cyane.

Hoc1anonnenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 22 qenpann
2012 r. N 160 O nnnensnponannn xocunuecxon en1entnoc1n
Hacroxmnm nocranonnennem yrnepxeno Honoxenne o nnnensnponannn xocmn-
uecxo exrentnocrn, ycranannnnammee nopxox ocymecrnnennx +roro nna ex-
rentnocrn n nepeuent ntnonnxemtx paor n oxastnaemtx ycnyr. B xauecrne
rnannoro nnnensnpymmero oprana onpeeneno ueepantnoe xocmnuecxoe arenr-
crno.

Yxas Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 24 uap1a 2012 r. N 341 O y1-
nepaennn Honoaennn o nopnxe peannsannn oronopa ueay Poccnncxon
meepannen n Pecnynnxon Benapyct o pasnn1nn noenno-1exnnuecxoro co-
1pynnuec1na o1 10 exapn 2009 r.
anntm yxasom yrnepxeno yxasannoe ntme Honoxenne. B Hpnnoxennxx X 1
5 x nemy npnneent ycnonnx n nepeuent oxymenron, neoxonmtx nx ocyme-
crnnennx nnosa n ntnosa npoyxnnn noennoro nasnauennx, nocrannxemo n pam-
xax yxasannoro ntme oronopa.

Pacnopnaenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 20 uap1a 2012 r.
N 383-p O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Hpann1entc1nou Poccnncxon
meepannn, Hpann1entc1nou Benrpnn n Kanne1ou unnnc1pon Yxpannm o
nepenosxe nepnmx ua1epnanon ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n Benrpnen
uepes 1eppn1opnm Yxpannm
Hacroxmnm pacnopxxennem oopen npecrannennt rocyapcrnenno xopno-
panne no aromno +neprnn Pocarom npoexr yxasannoro ntme Cornamennx,
cornaconannt c MH Poccnn n pyrnmn sannrepeconanntmn ]eepantntmn
opranamn ncnonnnrentno nnacrn.

OKVMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE MATEPHAHB 733
Yxas Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 6 uan 2012 r. N 689 O uepax
no nmnonnennm Pesonmnnn CB OOH 2009 o1 16 cen1npn 2011 r. n 2016 o1
27 ox1npn 2011 r.
B cnxsn c npnnxrnem ntmeyxasanntx pesonmnn, ormenxmmnx px orpannue-
nn n sanperon n ornomennn Hnnnn, nacroxmnm yxasom c 16 cenrxpx 2011 r. n
nnpet o ocooro pacnopxxennx ncem mpnnuecxnm n ]nsnuecxnm nnnam, na-
xoxmnmcx no mpncnxnne Pu, pexomenonano n cnoe exrentnocrn ncxo-
nrt ns roro, uro panee nneennte orpannunrentnte mept n ornomennn +ro
crpant ne pacnpocrpanxmrcx, n rom uncne:
na npoaxy, nocranxy nnn nepeauy Hnnnn noopyxenn n cnxsanntx c nnmn
marepnantntx cpecrn ncex rnnon, a raxxe oxasanne ycnyr no oyuennm n npe-
ocrannennm rexnnuecxo, ]nnancono n nno nomomn, xoropte npenasnaue-
nt ncxnmunrentno nx oxasannx coecrnnx nnnncxnm nnacrxm n oecneuennn
esonacnocrn n pasopyxennx;
na npoaxy, nocranxy nnn nepeauy Hnnnn crpenxonoro opyxnx, nerxnx crpen-
xontx noopyxenn n cnxsanntx c nnmn marepnantntx cpecrn, npemenno nno-
snmtx n Hnnnm ncxnmunrentno nx ncnontsonannx nepconanom OOH, npecra-
nnrenxmn CMH, rymannrapntmn paornnxamn n paornnxamn, sannmammnmncx
nonpocamn pasnnrnx, a raxxe cnxsanntm c nnmn nepconanom.

Yxas Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 7 uan 2012 r. N 603 O peann-
sannn nnanon (nporpauu) c1pon1entc1na n pasnn1nn Boopyaennmx cnn Pm,
pyrnx noncx, nonncxnx qopunponannn n opranon n uoepnnsannn oopon-
no-npoummnennoro xounnexca
B nenxx peannsannn yxasanntx ntme nnanon (nporpamm) nacroxmnm yxasom
Hpannrentcrny Pu nanexnr oecneunrt nponnxenne xypca na:
a) ocnamenne BC Pu, pyrnx nocx, nonncxnx ]opmnponann n opranon conpe-
menntmn opasnamn noopyxennx, noenno n cnennantno rexnnxn, onex x
2020 r. nx onm o 70%;
) npnopnrernoe pasnnrne cnn xepnoro cepxnnannx, cpecrn nosymno-
xocmnuecxo oopont, cncrem cnxsn, pasnexn n ynpannennx, P3F, xomnnexcon
ecnnnorntx nerarentntx annaparon, poornsnponanntx yapntx xomnnexcon,
conpemenno rpancnoprno annannn, ntcoxorounoro opyxnx n cpecrn optt c
nnm, cncrem nnnnnyantno samnrt noennocnyxamnx;
n) pasnnrne BMu Poccnn, npexe ncero n Apxrnuecxo sone n na antnem Boc-
roxe, n nenxx samnrt crparernuecxnx nnrepecon Pu;
r) peannsannm n 2012 r. nanonee naxntx meponpnxrn, n uncne xoroptx:
cosanne xauecrnenno nono cncremt anannsa n crparernuecxoro nnannpona-
nnx n onacrn npornnoecrnnx yrposam nannonantno esonacnocrn na nepno
or 30 o 50 ner n nnrepecax ]opmnponannx rocyapcrnenntx nporpamm noopy-
xennx;
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 734
pacmnpenne npaxrnxn orxptrtx xonxypcon n ayxnnonon n pamxax peannsannn
IO3a n nontmennx ornercrnennocrn sa napymenne rpeonann, ycranonnenntx
saxonoarentntmn n nntmn nopmarnnntmn npanontmn axramn Pu n c]epe
IO3a;
conepmencrnonanne nopmarnnno-npanono ast n c]epe IO3a n nenoopaso-
nannx n ornomennn npoyxnnn noennoro nasnauennx;
cosanne cncremt ynpannennx nonntm nnycrpnantntm nnxnom nponsnocrna
noopyxennx, noenno n cnennantno rexnnxn;
oecneuenne nnamnunoro pasnnrnx npoptnntx ntcoxopncxonanntx nccneo-
nann n paspaorox ]ynamenrantno nayxn n peannsannn npnxnantx nccne-
onarentcxnx nporpamm n nnrepecax oecneuennx oopont crpant n esonac-
nocrn rocyapcrna, n rom uncne c yuacrnem PAH, rocyapcrnenntx nayuntx
nenrpon n neymnx ynnnepcnreron.

Yxas Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 7 uan 2012 r. N 605 O uepax
no peannsannn nnemnenonn1nuecxoro xypca Poccnncxon meepannn
Hacroxmnm yxasom onpeenent xnmuente nanpannennx paort MH Poccnn
conmecrno c pyrnmn ]eepantntmn opranamn ncnonnnrentno nnacrn n nenxx
nocneonarentno peannsannn nnemnenonnrnuecxoro xypca Pu, nosnonxmmero
oecneunrt ee nannonantnte nnrepect na ocnone npnnnnnon nparmarnsma, or-
xptrocrn n mnoronexropnocrn n ycnonnxx ]opmnponannx nono nonnnenrpnu-
no cncremt mexynapontx ornomenn.
1. B +rom xonrexcre n coornercrnnn c anntm yxasom MHy Poccnn nanexnr:
coecrnonart cosannm naronpnxrntx nnemnnx ycnonn nx onrocpounoro
pasnnrnx Pu, moepnnsannn ee +xonomnxn, yxpennennm nosnnn Poccnn xax
pannonpannoro naprnepa na mnpontx ptnxax;
onnartcx yrnepxennx nepxonencrna npana n mexynapontx ornomennxx,
orcrannart nenrpantnym pont OOH n mnpontx enax, ocnonononarammne npnn-
nnnt Ycrana OOH, xoropte rpeymr pasnnnart pyxecxne ornomennx mexy
rocyapcrnamn na ocnone pannonpannx, ynaxennx nx cynepennrera n reppnropn-
antno nenocrnocrn, rnanno ornercrnennocrn CF OOH sa noepxanne mexy-
naponoro mnpa n esonacnocrn, pacmnpxrt nxna Pu n mnpornopuecxne one-
pannn OOH;
coecrnonart axrnnnsannn xonnexrnnntx mexynapontx ycnnn no nporn-
noecrnnm rnoantntm ntsonam n yrposam, nxnmuax onacnocrt pacnpocrpane-
nnx OMY n cpecrn ero ocranxn, mexynapont reppopnsm, napxorpa]nx,
oprannsonannym npecrynnocrt, pernonantnte xon]nnxrt;
paccmarpnnart pasnnrne mnorocroponnero nsanmoecrnnx n nnrerpannonntx
nponeccon na npocrpancrne CHI xax xnmuenoe nanpannenne nnemne nonnrnxn Pu;
OKVMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE MATEPHAHB 735
n ornomennxx c Enponecxnm comsom ntcrynart sa ocrnxenne crparernue-
cxo nenn cosanne ennoro +xonomnuecxoro n uenoneuecxoro npocrpancrna or
Arnanrnuecxoro o Tnxoro oxeana;
n Asnarcxo-Tnxooxeancxom pernone nponnrart nnnnnarnnt no ]opmnpona-
nnm n ATP nono apxnrexrypt esonacnocrn n corpynnuecrna, ocnonanno na
xonnexrnnntx nnenoxontx nauanax, nopmax mexynaponoro npana n npnnnn-
ne panno n neennmo esonacnocrn;
n Enpo-Arnanrnuecxom pernone: npoonxart paory n nenxx cosannx n nem
cncremt panno n neennmo esonacnocrn na mexynapono-npanono ocnone,
pasnnnart ornomennx c HATO copasmepno ee roronnocrn yunrtnart nnrepect
Pu n c]epe esonacnocrn n crparernuecxo cranntnocrn, nponnrart nnnnna-
rnnt no pe]opmnponannm OFCE n nenxx npenpamennx ee n +]]exrnnnt mexa-
nnsm xonnexrnnnoro nsanmoecrnnx n nnrepecax ncex rocyapcrn-yuacrnnxon;
n ornomennxx c CBA npononrt xypc na noepxanne cranntnoro n npe-
cxasyemoro nsanmoecrnnx na ocnone npnnnnnon pannonpannx, nenmemarentcr-
na no nnyrpennne ena n ynaxennx nsanmntx nnrepecon, opnenrnpyxct na
ntneenne nycroponnero corpynnuecrna na nonnnno crparernuecxn ypo-
nent; oecneunnart nocneonarentnym peannsannm oronopa mexy Pu n CBA
o mepax no antnememy coxpamennm n orpannuennm CHB or 2010 r.;
n ornomennn xpnsncntx cnryann orcrannart esantrepnarnnnocrt nonnrnxo-
nnnomarnuecxoro yperynnponannx pernonantntx xon]nnxron na ocnone xon-
nexrnnntx ecrnn mexynaponoro coomecrna nyrem nonneuennx ncex sann-
repeconanntx cropon n neperonopt;
npononrt xoncrpyxrnnnym nnnnm na yxpennenne pasno]opmarnoro corpy-
nnuecrna n Apxrnxe npn ynaxennn cynepennrera n mpncnxnnn apxrnuecxnx
rocyapcrn, npoonxart paory no coxpanennm n pacmnpennm npncyrcrnnx Pu
n Anrapxrnxe, n rom uncne na ocnone +]]exrnnnoro ncnontsonannx mexannsmon
n nponeyp, npeycmorpenntx cncremo oronopa o Anrapxrnxe.
2. MHy Poccnn npecrannrt n ycranonnennom nopxxe o exapx 2012 r. npo-
exr Konnennnn nnemne nonnrnxn Pu n nono peaxnnn, oecneunrt xoopnna-
nnm paort, cnxsanno c peannsanne annoro Yxasa Hpesnenra Pu.

Hoc1anonnenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 13 nmnn 2012 r.
N 581 O nnnensnponannn paspao1xn, nponsnoc1na, ncnm1annn, yc1a-
nonxn, uon1aaa, 1exnnuecxoro ocnyannannn, peuon1a, y1nnnsannn n pea-
nnsannn noopyaennn n noennon 1exnnxn
Hacroxmnm nocranonnennem yrnepxeno Honoxenne o nopxxe nnnensnponannx
yxasanntx ntme nnon exrentnocrn, ocymecrnnxemtx mpnnuecxnmn nnnamn
na reppnropnn Pu. Hpn +rom nouepxnnaercx, uro ycranonnennt nopxox ne
pacnpocrpanxercx na ntnonnenne HHOKP, cnxsanntx c paspaorxo noopyxe-
nnx n noenno rexnnxn. Hnnensnpymmnm opranom anntm nocranonnennem on-
peenena ueepantnax cnyxa no ooponnomy saxasy.
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 736
Pacnopnaenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 6 nmnn 2012 r.
N 1197-p O onpeenennn ennc1nennmx ncnonnn1enen pao1, xacammnx-
cn noro1onxn n nponeennn n pauxax Inoantnon nnnnna1nnm no opte c
ax1aun nepnoro 1eppopnsua na 1eppn1opnn Pm n III xnap1ane 2012 r. no-
xasa1entnmx yuennn c ncnontsonanneu o1euec1nennon nnc1pyuen1antnon
asm n onac1n onapyaennn nepnmx ua1epnanon

Pacnopnaenne Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 12 nmnn 2012 r.
N 314-pn O nanpannennn poccnncxnx noennocnyaamnx n coc1ane Mnccnn
OOH no nanmennm n Cnpnn
B coornercrnnn c Pesonmnne CF OOH 2043 (2012) or 21 anpenx 2012 r. o yu-
pexennn yxasanno ntme Mnccnn OOH MH Poccnn nopyueno yneomnrt
Cexperapnar OOH o roronnocrn Pu nanpannrt n cocran Mnccnn OOH o 30 poc-
cncxnx noennocnyxamnx n xauecrne o]nnepon cnxsn, noenntx nanmarene n
o]nnepon mraon.

Pacnopnaenne Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 25 nmnn 2012 r.
N 329-pn O nonncannn Hpo1oxona x oronopy o sone, cnoonon o1 nep-
noro opyann n Kro-Boc1ounon Asnn
anntm pacnopxxennem npnnxro npenoxenne o nonncannn ntmeyxasannoro
Hporoxona. MHy Poccnn paspemeno n xoe neperonopon nnocnrt n ero npoexr
nsmenennx, ne nocxmne npnnnnnnantnoro xapaxrepa, n nonncart or nmenn Pu
Hporoxon
a) co cneymmnmn oronopxamn:
Pu ne yer cunrart cex cnxsanno oxsarentcrnamn, npeycmorpenntmn
crarte 2 Hporoxona, n cnyuae nanaennx na Pu, Boopyxennte cnnt Pu nnn
pyrne nocxa, na ee comsnnxon nnn na rocyapcrno, c xoroptm ona cnxsana ox-
sarentcrnamn n ornomennn esonacnocrn, ocymecrnnxemoro nnn noepxnnae-
moro rocyapcrnom, ne onaammnm xepntm opyxnem, conmecrno c rocyap-
crnom, onaammnm xepntm opyxnem, nnn npn nannunn comsnnuecxnx
oxsarentcrn nepe +rnm rocyapcrnom;
Pu ocrannxer sa coo npano ne cunrart cex cnxsanno oxsarentcrnamn, npe-
ycmorpenntmn nporoxonom, n cnyuae ecnn nmoe rocyapcrno yuacrnnx o-
ronopa n coornercrnnn co crarte 7 oronopa onycrnr saxo n cnon noprt n
nocaxy na cnon a+popomt nnocrpanntx noenntx cyon n nerarentntx annapa-
ron c xepntm opyxnem nnn pyrnmn xepntmn nsptnntmn ycrpocrnamn na
opry, a raxxe n nmo ]opme rpansnr uepes cnom reppnropnm xepnoro opy-
xnx nnn pyrnx xepntx ycrpocrn;
) c saxnnennem o rom, uro Pu ncxonr ns roro, uro oxsarentcrna rocyapcrn
yuacrnnxon nacroxmero Hporoxona, npeycmorpennte crarte 2 Hporoxona, or-
pannunnamrcx ncxnmunrentno reppnropnxmn rocyapcrn yuacrnnxon orono-
pa, xax onn onpeenent n crarte 1 (n) oronopa.
OKVMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE MATEPHAHB 737
Pacnopnaenne Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 30 cen1npn 2012 r.
N 438-pn-p O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n
Knprnscxon Pecnynnxon o c1a1yce n ycnonnnx npemnannn osennennon
poccnncxon noennon asm na 1eppn1opnn Knprnscxon Pecnynnxn n Hpo1o-
xona ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n Knprnscxon Pecnynnxon o co1py-
nnuec1ne n noennon onac1n n nepno, npemec1nymmnn nc1ynnennm n
cnny Cornamennn ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n Knprnscxon Pecnynn-
xon o c1a1yce n ycnonnnx npemnannn osennennon poccnncxon noennon
asm na 1eppn1opnn Knprnscxon Pecnynnxn

Pacnopnaenne Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 14 ox1npn 2012 r.
N 462-pn O nonncannn oronopa ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n Pec-
nynnxon Kasaxc1an o noenno-1exnnuecxou co1pynnuec1ne

Pacnopnaenne Hpesnen1a Poccnncxon meepannn o1 6 nonpn 2012 r.
N 501-pn O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n
Pecnynnxon Kasaxc1an o cosannn Ennon pernonantnon cnc1eum npo1n-
nonosymnon ooponm Poccnncxon meepannn n Pecnynnxn Kasaxc1an

Pacnopnaenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 19 nonpn 2012 r.
N 2133-p O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Hpann1entc1nou Poccnncxon
meepannn n Hpann1entc1nou Knprnscxon Pecnynnxn o co1pynnuec1ne n
onac1n ncnontsonannn a1ounon +neprnn n unpnmx nennx

Pacnopnaenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 19 nonpn 2012 r.
N 2134-p O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Poccnncxon meepannen n
Pecnynnxon Taanxnc1an o co1pynnuec1ne n onac1n ncnontsonannn
a1ounon +neprnn n unpnmx nennx

Pacnopnaenne Hpann1entc1na Poccnncxon meepannn o1 15 exapn 2012 r.
N 2393-p O nonncannn Cornamennn ueay Hpann1entc1nou Poccnncxon
meepannn n Hpann1entc1nou Pecnynnxn Benapyct o co1pynnuec1ne n
cqepe nepnon esonacnoc1n
CHEHHAHBHOE HPHHOEHHE HMJMO 738
11. EKHAPAHH RFHHEHHOH KOHuEPEHHHH
MEYHAPOHOIO HRKCEMFYPICKOIO uOPYMA
HO HPEOTBPABEHHR EPHOH KATACTPOuI
AKTYAHIHIE HPOFHEMI HEPACHPOCTPAHEHH
EPHOIO OPYH (FEPHHH, 45 HRH 2012 r.)

Yuacrnnxn xon]epennnn ntcoxo onennnamr snaunrentnym paory, npoe-
nannym Hmxcemyprcxnm ]opymom no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t sa
nxrt ner, npomemnx c momenra ero cosannx.
3a +ro npemx Hmxcemyprcxn ]opym nponen 12 xon]epennn, saceann
paounx rpynn n cemnnapon, nocnxmenntx naxnemnm n axryantntm npone-
mam, cnxsanntm c xepntm pasopyxennem, nepacnpocrpanennem xepnoro opy-
xnx n mexynapono esonacnocrtm.
Hpecrannrenn Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma ncrpeuannct c ntcoxonocran-
nenntmn exrenxmn neymnx rocyapcrn n mexynapontx oprannsann, n rom
uncne c mnnncrpom nnocrpanntx en Poccncxo ueepannn Cepreem Hanpo-
ntm, nepntm samecrnrenem mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Poccncxo ueepannn
Anpeem enncontm, samecrnrenem mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Poccncxo
ueepannn Cepreem Pxxontm, samecrnrenem mnnncrpa oopont Poccncxo
ueepannn Anaronnem Anronontm, ncnonnxmme oxsannocrn samecrnrenx
Iocyapcrnennoro cexperapx CBA Poys Ierremmnnep, renepantntm npexro-
pom MAIAT3 Moxammeom +nt-Fapaen.
Ha nporxxennn npomemnx nxrn ner Hmxcemyprcxn ]opym yenxn oco-
oe nnnmanne nonpocam nsanmoornomenn mexy Poccne n CBA n c]epe
esonacnocrn, a raxxe pernonantntm xon]nnxram n nponemam pacnpocrpane-
nnx xepnoro opyxnx. Hmxcemyprcxnm ]opymom tno onynnxonano nocemt
xnnr n pommp no nroram xon]epennn n saceann paounx rpynn n marepna-
nam cocroxnmnxcx ncxyccn. Ha ocnone nponeenntx Hmxcemyprcxnm ]opy-
mom meponpnxrn nx yuacrnnxn npnnxnn 12 nrorontx oxymenron, xoropte
tnn npecrannent pyxononrenxm rocyapcrn, a raxxe oprannsann perno-
nantnoro n mnponoro yponnx (OOH, MAIAT3, OFCE, EC, HATO, OKF). B or-
ner tnn nonyuent nnctma c ntpaxennem noepxxn n noxenannxmn ycnexa, n
rom uncne or Ienepantnoro cexperapx OOH, npecearenx Enponecxo xomnc-
cnn, renepantnoro cexperapx Oprannsannn Cenepoarnanrnuecxoro oronopa.
exrentnocrt Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma nonyunna oopenne or npesnen-
ron Poccncxo ueepannn Bnanmnpa Hyrnna n mnrpnx Meneena, a raxxe
or mnnncrpa nnocrpanntx en Ceprex Hanpona. uopym tn ynomxnyr n ntcryn-
nennxx o]nnnantntx nnn, rpyax nsnecrntx cnennanncron n oxnaax mexy-
naponoro +xcneprnoro coomecrna.
Hmxcemyprcxn ]opym nonnocrtm noepxnnaer nnenne mnpa cnoo-
noro or xepnoro opyxnx, nospoxennoe nnntmn amepnxancxnmn rocyapcr-
nenntmn exrenxmn (xopx Byntn, Ynntxm Heppn, Ienpn Knccnnxep, C+m
Hann) n nonyunnmee noepxxy mnornx nsnecrntx nonnrnuecxnx n omecrnen-
ntx exrene ns pxa crpan, n rom uncne ns Poccncxo ueepannn (Enrenn
Hpnmaxon, Hropt Hnanon, Enrenn Bennxon, Mnxann Monceen). exrentnocrt
Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma tna nanenena na nponnxenne +ro nen na ocnone
OKVMEHTB H CHPABOHHBE MATEPHAHB 739
ocrnxennx cornamenn n xonxperntx onacrxx xepnoro nepacnpocrpanennx n
pasopyxennx.
Yuacrnnxn mnneno xon]epennnn rnyoxo osaouent nontm rynnxom n
pocrom npornnopeun n ornomennxx mexy nennxnmn epxanamn, npexe ncero
mexy Poccne n Coennenntmn Braramn Amepnxn, ornocnrentno nepcnexrnn
n ycnonn antnemero xepnoro pasopyxennx n nepacnpocrpanennx xepnoro
opyxnx. 3ro rem onee rpenoxno nocne cymecrnenntx npoptnon, ocrnrnyrtx n
xonrexcre nepesarpysxn poccncxo-amepnxancxnx ornomenn n c]epe eso-
nacnocrn n 20092012 rr: nonncannx n parn]nxannn nonoro oronopa o CHB,
ycnemnoro sanepmennx 8- Kon]epennnn no paccmorpennm ecrnnx oronopa
o nepacnpocrpanennn xepnoro opyxnx n npnnxrnx oxymenron na cammnrax no
xepno esonacnocrn n Bamnnrrone n Ceyne.
Tem npemenem n mnpe npoonxamrcx xax ronxa noopyxenn, rax n pacnpo-
crpanenne xepnoro opyxnx n cpecrn ero ocranxn. Pernonantnte xpnsnct n
noopyxennte xon]nnxrt, a raxxe axrt reppopa moryr nospacrn no cnonm mac-
mraam, reorpa]nuecxomy oxnary, paspymnrentnocrn n uncny xeprn. 3ro n oco-
ennocrn ornocnrcx x Fnnxnemy n Cpenemy Bocroxy, Rxno Asnn n Kopecxo-
my nonyocrpony n axrnnno ocyxaercx n OOH n MAIAT3. annte nponemt
tnn n n nenrpe ncxyccn Hmxcemyprcxoro ]opyma.
Yuacrnnxn mnneno xon]epennnn Mexynaponoro Hmxcemyprcxoro
]opyma no npeornpamennm xepno xaracrpo]t Axryantnte nponemt ne-
pacnpocrpanennx xepnoro opyxnx npnstnamr nnepon Poccncxo ueepannn
n Coennenntx Braron Amepnxn, nx comsnnxon n nce ornercrnennte rocyap-
crna, a raxxe mexynaponte oprannsannn npoxnnrt neoxonmym nonnrnue-
cxym nonm, rnxocrt n nonaropcxn noxo nx roro, urot ntrn ns
cymecrnymme rynnxono cnryannn n nosononnrt nocneonarentnoe nponn-
xenne no nyrn xepnoro pasopyxennx, yxpennennx pexnma nepacnpocrpanennx
OMY n oecneuennx mexynapono esonacnocrn na ocnone corpynnuecrna.

ABTOPB AHAAHTHHECKOIO OB3OPA HM3MO PAH

APBA1OB Auerce Ieopeueeuu oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx, axaemnx PAH, pyxo-
nonrent Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

AHHHKHHA 1amoaua Bopucoeua xannar nonnrnuecxnx nayx, nayunt co-
rpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

A0OHHEB Cepee Auercaupoeuu oxrop +xonomnuecxnx nayx, saneymmn
Orenom +xonomnuecxo reopnn HM3MO PAH

BAPAHOBCKHH Buau+up Ieopeueeuu oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx, axaemnx
PAH, samecrnrent npexropa HM3MO PAH

EBCEEB Buau+up Bauepoeeuu xannar rexnnuecxnx nayx, crapmn nayunt
corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

3AIOPCKHH Aupe Buau+upoeuu xannar ncropnuecxnx nayx, saneymmn
Orenom pasopyxennx n yperynnponannx xon]nnxron Henrpa mexynapono eso-
nacnocrn HM3MO PAH

HBAHOB Cmauucuae Muxauoeuu xannar ncropnuecxnx nayx, neymn nayu-
nt corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

KABHHHHA Hamauoa Heauoeua oxrop mennnncxnx nayx, rnannt nayunt
corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

KABRHH Auercaup Hurouaeeuu oxrop ncropnuecxnx nayx, rnannt nayunt
corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

PAHVK Auercaup Buau+upoeuu conernnx nauantnnxa Ienepantnoro mraa
BC Pu

POMAHKHHA Hamauua Hempoeua xannar nonnrnuecxnx nayx, crapmn na-
yunt corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

1OHMHKAHOB Hemp Buau+upoeuu xannar ncropnuecxnx nayx, crapmn
nayunt corpynnx Henrpa mexynapono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

0APHACOBA 1a+apa Vcmuuoeua crapmn nayunt corpynnx Henrpa mexy-
napono esonacnocrn HM3MO PAH

HHOB +umpu Auercaupoeuu xannar +xonomnuecxnx nayx, nayunt co-
rpynnx Orena crparernuecxnx nccneonann Henrpa mexynapono esonacno-
crn HM3MO PAH
HM3MO PAH , 2013
J.ermpouua eepcu nyo.urauu
Exeeouur CHHPH 2012. Boopyxeuua, pasopyxeuue
u +exyuapouaa esonacuocmo
nooeomoe.eua B. H. Kuu+euro

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