September 2013

Houston London Paris Stavanger Aberdeen Singapore Moscow Baku Perth Rio de Janeiro Lagos Luanda
World Trends and Technology for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
For continuous news & analysis
www.offshore-mag.com
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Shell Brasil
interview
South China Sea
analysis
Extended
reach drilling
Enhanced
oil recovery
Australia update
1309off_C1 1 9/4/13 4:35 PM
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1309off_1 1 9/4/13 4:30 PM
International Edition
Volume 73, Number 9
September 2013
C O N T E N T S
Offshore (ISSN 0030-0608) is published 12 times a year, monthly by PennWell, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals class postage paid at Tulsa, OK, and additional offices.
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Celebrating Over 50 Years of Trends, Tools, and Technology
AUSTRALIA
Alternative approach required
to contain costs of remote
Australian offshore gas felds ............ 30
The author describes how results from recent
development studies illustrate demonstrable
relationships between functional design
choices and facilities total installed cost. Chal-
lenging these choices through the application
of front-end loading techniques allows the
necessary balancing of competing develop-
ment drivers to achieve an economically viable
development.
Australia LNG projects
advance despite escalating costs ...... 36
A public row has erupted Down Under be-
tween local elected offcials, most prominently
WA Premier Colin Barnett, and proponents
of foating liquefed natural gas technology
as a development solution for the wests
vast offshore gas resources. The backdrop:
skyrocketing labor and construction costs, and
potential competition from North America and
East Africa, that could derail several planned
LNG developments that included new onshore
liquefaction plants, along with the jobs and
local investment they would bring.
MIDDLE EAST
Offshore Middle East
E&P activity remains robust ............... 38
The Middle East continues to be one of
the worlds most active offshore regions as
operators, developers, and state oil companies
continue to advance plans for new and existing
exploration and production projects.
BRAZIL
Shell leverages experience,
technology development
for future offshore Brazil .................... 41
Of fshore met with Kent Stingl, Shells vice
president of deepwater production and devel-
opment, to learn more about the pioneering
techniques being employed to maximize the
productivity of the companys operations in
Brazil.
ASIA/PACIFIC
South China Sea offers
opportunities, challenges ................... 44
Offshore E&P activity in the South China
Sea is growing, driven by the potential of its
deepwater reserves and rising Asian energy
demand. But the South China Sea also poses
development challenges, most notably in the
form of boundary disputes among China,
Vietnam, and the Philippines.
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
3D broadband is the wave
of the future ........................................ 52
Marine seismic data is undergoing a broad-
band revolution, extending the recorded scale
with both lower and higher frequencies. By
separating upgoing and downgoing wavefelds
the ghost can be eliminated, or it can be used.
3D seismic data will play a greater role in
reservoir characterization.
DRILLING & COMPLETION
Majors continue to push boundaries
of extended-reach drilling .................. 56
Two papers this year at the SPE/IADC confer-
ence in Amsterdam highlighted the latest
initiatives in extended-reach drilling offshore.
Both outlined the challenges in drilling wells
from shore to access outlying reservoirs of
nearshore felds.
Environmental Drilling and
Completion Fluids Directory ............... 58
The 2013 Environmental Drilling and Comple-
tion Fluids Directory provides a comprehen-
sive listing of industry fuid manufacturers and
their individual products.
ENGINEERING,
CONSTRUCTION,
& INSTALLATION
Deepwater work in Gulf of Mexico
spurs strong platform supply
vessel market ..................................... 76
Over the past year, the platform supply vessel
(PSV) market in the US Gulf of Mexico has
experienced great times. Vessel owners see
utilization remain high for PSVs of all sizes and
day rates in the US Gulf are trending upward,
even as the supply of PSVs grows due to new
deliveries or vessels returning from other
markets.
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Prototype AUV advances deepwater
inspection capabilities ....................... 80
A research project directed by Lockheed
Martin has developed and is testing an autono-
mous underwater vehicle capable of sophisti-
cated equipment inspection and monitoring in
deepwater. The research project, with funding
from the Department of Energys National En-
ergy Technology Laboratory, recently tested
the AUV on structures in the Gulf of Mexico,
and the results are presented.
36
1309off_2 2 9/4/13 4:30 PM
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4 Of fshore September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
International Edition
Volume 73, Number 9
September 2013
D E P A R T M E N T S
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Detailed imaging and careful measurement boost feld recovery rates .................. 84
Recently, time-lapse techniques have enabled reservoir managers to deduce how hydrocarbons
move through the reservoir. 4D seismic imaging has seen success, particularly where gas is
involved. Cross-well tomography has enabled inter-well resistivity imaging with enough preci-
sion to allow the siting of infll wells or steering of side tracks to improve sweep effciency. The
biggest disadvantage to time-lapse techniques is that they are reactive processes; achieving
maximum reservoir productivity requires predictive processes.
Metering can extend production on aging platforms ............................................... 88
As evolving technologies enable North Sea platforms to produce beyond their original design
life, many operational factors come into play. Issues that directly impact productivity and down-
time are a high priority. Among these, metering systems should be regarded as critical. They
determine the quantity and quality of oil and gas recovered, and their control systems effectively
form the cash register of the whole production process.
SUBSEA
Drilling riser studies focus on unknowns of loading and frontier operations ......... 92
Drilling in harsh environments imposes strains on risers, conductors, and wellheads. Stress
levels can be predicted, but results do not always match the reality of prolonged exposure to
buffeting waves and surging currents. This is a major concern in frontier deepwater regions
with little prior drilling history, and also for operations pushing the boundaries of jackup drilling
in established hostile plays.
COVER: COVER: Spiraling develop-
ment costs and an increasingly com-
petitive LNG market have complicated
Australias ambitious plans to become
the worlds leading LNG exporter by the
end of this decade. In April, Woodside
Petroleum scuttled a $45-billion plan for
the Browse LNG development project,
which originally included an onshore
processing facility, and is now consider-
ing a less expensive FLNG solution. But
four major offshore projects are well un-
der way, including Shells Prelude, which
is on track to become the frst foating
LNG development. Pictured is the Noble
Clyde Boudreaux semisubmersible,
which Shell and partners have con-
tracted to conduct Preludes seven-well
development drilling campaign. (Photo
courtesy Noble Corp.)
Online .................................................... 6
Comment ............................................... 8
Data ..................................................... 10
Global E&P .......................................... 12
Offshore Europe .................................. 16
Gulf of Mexico ..................................... 18
Subsea Systems ................................. 20
Vessels, Rigs, & Surface Systems ...... 22
Drilling & Production .......................... 24
Geosciences ........................................ 26
Offshore Automation Solutions .......... 28
Business Briefs ................................... 96
Advertisers Index ............................... 99
Beyond the Horizon .......................... 100
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COMMENT
%BWJE 1BHBOJF t )PVTUPO
Minimizing megaproject delays
Rising costs are challenging the economic feasibility of megaprojects, forcing opera-
tors to be more selective in taking fnal investment decisions (FID). Recently, two major
developments in the US Gulf of Mexico and one in the Barents Sea were delayed for
various fnancial reasons. The Malaysia National Oil Co. is hinting that it could defer
some major projects due to increasing costs and softening oil prices. Meanwhile, the
most dramatic example of the implications of infating project costs is in Australia. About
$150 billion in resource projects have been deferred, revised, or canceled during the
past six months, according to a recent study commissioned by the Business Council
of Australia (BCA). This includes the Browse LNG and Sunrise LNG projects. In April,
Woodside Petroleum shelved plans for the $45-billion Browse LNG development, say-
ing the development concept did not meet the companys commercial requirements for
a positive fnal investment decision. Following further evaluation, the company said it
will recommend FLNG as the optimum concept for development of the three Browse
gas felds offshore Northwest Australia. It would use Shells FLNG technology, which is
to be deployed on the Prelude feld. Shell may not have taken FID for the marginal gas
development without the emergence of FLNG technology.
The BCA study, Securing Investment in Australias Future: Report of the Project Costs Task
Force, was launched late last year to further investigate the fndings of the 2012 BCA
commissioned report, Pipeline or Pipe Dream? Securing Australias Investment Future. The
2012 report compared the costs of resource projects in Australia to the US Gulf Coast.
Its fndings were a 40% cost premium for resource projects overall, and a 200% cost in-
crease for offshore oil and gas developments on the back of laybarge and drill rig costs.
The study also noted that megaprojects worldwide are found to have a 60% failure rate in
terms of cost or time overruns. This years follow-up report confrmed that project costs
in Australia indeed are higher than in other developed countries. It found a number of
key drivers for the high costs, including: problems with planning, design, scheduling,
and procurement partially caused by overly optimistic project scheduling, scarcity of
suitably qualifed and experienced project managers and engineers and other key oc-
cupations, which at times led to inadequate project execution.
The study identifed four key areas for reform to reduce Australian costs. These in-
clude improving access to a skilled workforce; improving government approvals pro-
cesses; a workplace relations environment that is focused on productivity; and alleviat-
ing impacts of remoteness.
Concept selection
Correct framing in the feasibility and selection phases of a project can achieve lower
costs outcomes while minimizing engineering recycle, explains Martin Stewart, Gran-
herne. Stewart, in a special report for Offshore, describes how results from recent devel-
opment studies illustrate demonstrable relationships between functional design choices
and facilities total installed cost (TIC). To illustrate this point, he compares the develop-
ment of a feld in Northwest Australia to a fctional equivalent in the Gulf of Mexico.
Stewarts full analysis begins on page 30.
Megaprojects have a low success rate. Rising project costs and a projected fattening
oil price environment are further stretching the economics of megaprojects offshore.
But, as noted earlier, proper evaluation early in the project design phase could minimize
delays. The most important single predictor of project success for any upstream project
is the asset front-end loading index, said Ed Merrow, founder and CEO of Independent
Project Analysis, Inc. (Offshore, 2003). The index is a weighted numerical combination of
the status of deliverables that defne the reservoir, the facilities, and the wells construc-
tion program for an upstream development. He added, Despite another 20 years of ex-
perience with large projects, you cant help but conclude that we have seen no material
progress in the control of very large developments. That was ten years ago.
1309off_8 8 9/4/13 4:30 PM

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Leaders think the unthinkable.
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Or that the earth revolves around the sun.
Learn more at www.bakerhughes.com/thepayzoneleader
Advancing Reservoir Performance
Leaders discover
while others hesitate.
Nicolaus Copernicus
1309off_9 9 9/4/13 4:30 PM
Worldwide offshore rig count & utilization rate
August 2011 July 2013
950
850
750
650
550
450
350
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
N
o
.

o
f

r
i
g
s
F
l
e
e
t

u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

r
a
t
e

%
A
u
g

1
1
N
o
v

1
1
F
e
b

1
2
M
a
y

1
2
A
u
g

1
2
N
o
v

1
2
F
e
b

1
3
M
a
y

1
3
Contracted fleet utilization Total fleet Contracted Working
S
o
u
r
c
e
:

I
H
S
Australia capex (%) by operator 2008-2017
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Others
Shell
Inpex
Eni
BHP Billiton
Chevron
Hess
Apache
Woodside
ExxonMobil
ConocoPhillips
2008
Source: Infield Systems
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
U
S
$
m

(
%
)
Worldwide day rates
Year/Month Minimum Average Maximum
Drillship
2012 Aug $50,000 $443,746 $671,000
2012 Sept $50,000 $430,905 $671,000
2012 Oct $50,000 $430,519 $678,000
2012 Nov $50,000 $430,840 $678,000
2012 Dec $50,000 $442,299 $678,000
2013 Jan $50,000 $435,786 $678,000
2013 Feb $50,000 $450,447 $678,000
2013 Mar $50,000 $446,251 $678,000
2013 Apr $50,000 $454,074 $678,000
2013 May $50,000 $459,019 $678,000
2013 June $50,000 $462,267 $678,000
2013 July $180,000 $464,274 $678,000
Jackup
2012 Aug $40,000 $111,493 $368,000
2012 Sept $40,000 $111,880 $368,000
2012 Oct $30,000 $112,325 $368,000
2012 Nov $30,000 $114,722 $368,000
2012 Dec $30,000 $115,487 $368,000
2013 Jan $30,000 $118,382 $368,000
2013 Feb $30,000 $119,389 $368,000
2013 Mar $30,000 $120,342 $368,000
2013 Apr $30,000 $119,437 $368,000
2013 May $30,000 $121,942 $368,000
2013 June $30,000 $122,382 $368,000
2013 July $30,000 $123,091 $368,000
Semi
2012 Aug $69,825 $361,113 $675,000
2012 Sept $130,000 $358,349 $675,000
2012 Oct $130,000 $358,465 $648,000
2012 Nov $130,000 $363,491 $648,000
2012 Dec $130,000 $364,739 $648,000
2013 Jan $145,000 $363,945 $648,000
2013 Feb $145,000 $361,919 $648,000
2013 Mar $145,000 $363,459 $648,000
2013 Apr $145,000 $372,922 $648,000
2013 May $145,000 $380,598 $648,000
2013 June $145,000 $380,103 $648,000
2013 July $145,000 $382,671 $648,000
Source: Rigzone.com

GLOBAL DATA
10 Of fshore September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Australia is expected to be one of the fastest growing
regions of offshore development going forward, with
large-scale projects being planned by the likes of Wood-
side, ConocoPhillips, and Chevron. Woodside is expected
to hold a 30% share of offshore capex, with the giant
Calliance development expected to dominate the opera-
tors investment over the period. Calliance is expected to
be the most capital intensive field development offshore
Australia during the timeframe, with Inpexs Ichthys
expected to take second place in terms of capex demand.
Chevron is expected to be the third highest investor
offshore Australia during the period with the operator
continuing to direct significant capex toward the Greater
Gorgon area. Wheatstone is anticipated to be the most
capital intensive field development for Chevron during the
next five years. ConocoPhillips is also expected to direct
substantial expenditure toward developments offshore
Australia, with the Poseidon/Kronos project anticipated to
demand significant pipeline expenditure.
With many Australian developments characterized by their remote distance from shore, it is not
surprising that the pipeline market sector is expected to form the largest percentage share of spend
during the 2013-2017 period, accounting for 47% of the countrys total offshore capex. Infield Systems
expects the single most capital intensive pipeline development to be the possible Woodside installation
of the Calliance/Torosa to the Withnell Bay line. It is currently expected to be completed before the end
of 2017. The platform market is also expected to require a significant proportion of Australian offshore
capex during the period. The single most capital intensive installation is expected to be ExxonMobils
Scarborough FLNG FPSO, while substantial investment is also anticipated for the Ichthys FPS and the
GdF Suez Petrel/Tern FLNG FPSO. Altogether, Infield Systems expects 27 floating platform developments
to require investment during the timeframe.
Catarina Podevyn, Analyst, Infield Systems Ltd.
1309off_10 10 9/4/13 4:30 PM
1309off_11 11 9/4/13 4:30 PM

GLOBAL E&P
+FSFNZ #FDLNBO t -POEPO
12 0G GTIPSF September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Platform substructures under transport from Astrakhan to the V.
Filanovsky field. (Photo courtesy Lukoil)
Europe leads new pipeline investments
Global investment in offshore pipelines will grow by nearly 60%
during 2013-17, according to a report by Infeld. Europe will account
for the largest share of capex (25%) for two main reasons. First is the
growth in long-distance trunklines taking gas from Russia and the
Caspian Sea, crossing Eastern Europe in the case of South Stream
and Shah Deniz II, and the North Sea, assuming expansion of the
Nord Stream system. The other factor will be increased develop-
ment of remote felds in the UK and Norway with long-distance con-
nections to offshore infrastructure.
Asia is also set for strong growth, mainly from shallow-water
pipelines offshore Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, but also from
subsea infrastructure associated with deepwater foating platforms.
North America
Suncor Energy was due to take the Terra Nova feld FPSO off
station this month from its location offshore Newfoundland and
Labrador. The planned maintenance program will be extended to 11
weeks after an underwater inspection revealed that one of the ves-
sels mooring chains had broken. The component will be repaired
and maintenance completed on the remaining eight chains.
ttt
Bahamas Petroleum has secured three-year extensions for each
of its fve licenses offshore the Bahamas. The company is in talks
with potential farm-in partners to co-fund drilling of a mandatory ex-
ploration well by 2015. Drilling could start on the southern licenses
during the second half of 2014.
South America
Tullow Oil has agreed to two license deals with Japans Inpex. One
gives Tullow a 30% interest in block 31 offshore Suriname, where Inpex
subsidiary Teikoku Oil is currently the sole licensee. Offshore Uru-
guay, Tullow has agreed to transfer 30% of its equity in Area 15 in the
Pelotas basin to Inpex, subject to approval from Uruguayan regulator
Ancap. Here Tullow is preparing to evaluate newly acquired 3D seis-
mic, over acreage in 2,000 to 3,000-m (6,561 to 9,842-ft) water depths.
ttt
Shell and partners Petrobras and ONGC have committed to two
new deepwater projects offshore Brazil. One involves a redevelop-
ment of the Bijupir/Salema felds, with four new wells expected
to lift production to 35,000 boe/d during 2014. The other calls for
installation of subsea infrastructure to tieback the Massa and Ar-
gonauta O-South felds to the FPSO serving the Parque das Con-
chas (BC-10) development. The current tie-in of Argonauta O-North
should be completed later this year, adding 35,000 boe/d at peak.
ttt
Petrobras has completed drilling and formation tests of its fourth
exploration well on block BM-S-11 in the Iar area of the presalt San-
tos basin. Results confrmed good-quality, 28 API oil with strong po-
rosity/permeability characteristics in the Carbonate reservoirs. The
location is 6 km (3.7 mi) west of the discovery well in 2,197 m (7,208
ft) of water, and 226 km (140 mi) off the coast of Rio de Janeiro.
BP has farmed into fve Petrobras-operated exploration blocks
in the Poliguar basin, 40-110 km (25-68 mi) from the coast of Rio
Grande do Norte and Cear states. Water depths range from 50-
2,100 m (164-6,890 ft).
West Africa
ConocoPhillips will farm in to three contiguous blocks offshore
Senegal. The Rufsque, Sangomar, and Sangomar Deep concessions
hold potential resources of over 1.5 Bbbl. Operator Cairn Energy
has secured the semisub Cajun Express to drill two exploration wells
in 2014. If the program brings a commercial discovery, ConocoPhil-
lips could operate the subsequent development.
ttt
AGR will provide well management services for Svenska Petro-
leums exploration drilling campaign on blocks 2 and 5A offshore
Guinea Bissau, due to start late this year.
ttt
Tullow Oil has contracted MODEC to supply and operate an FPSO
for the deepwater Tweneboa/Enyenra/Ntomme (TEN) project, the
second in the Deepwater Tano license offshore Ghana. The VLCC
Centennial J will be converted for the role, handling 80,000 b/d of oil
and 170 MMcf/d of gas with 1.7 MMbbl of fuids storage capacity.
SOFEC will design the associated mooring system. The TEN felds
are in average water depths of 1,500 m (4,921 ft). MODEC also sup-
plied the FPSO Kwame Nkrumah serving the Jubilee development.
ttt
Noble Energy has started production of gas/condensate from the
Alen feld in blocks 0 and 1 offshore Equatorial Guinea. Production
is sent to the Aseng feld FPSO for storage. The project was com-
pleted at a cost of just under $1.37 billion.
ttt
Eni has discovered a potential oil and gas giant in shallow water
in the Marine XII block offshore Congo. The Nene Marine 1 and 2
wells were drilled close together in around 24 m (79 ft) of water, en-
countering wet gas and light oil in the presaline Lower Cretaceous
clastic sequence. Eni estimates in-place resources at around 600
MMbbl and 700 bcf, with exploration upside.
ttt
State oil company PetroSa is teaming with Sasol to explore an off-
shore block in South Africas Orange basin, their frst cooperation in
10 years. Block 3A/4A on the countrys western margin is little ex-
plored, but is on trend to the Ibhubesi gas feld to the north. Water
depths range from 100-500 m (328-1,640 ft).
Caspian Sea
A transport and installation barge has towed platform substruc-
tures from Astrakhan in southern Russia to Lukoils Vladimir
Filanovsky feld in the northern Caspian Sea. The LQP-1 and RB
substructures, supporting the living quarters and riser block plat-
forms, will be fxed to the seafoor via driven piles. Next to be in-
stalled are the substructures for the central processing platform, fol-
lowed next year by the four platform topsides and their connecting
bridges, all built by yards in Astrakhan.
1309off_12 12 9/4/13 4:30 PM
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GLOBAL E&P
Location of the Winchester gas discovery
in the Carnarvon basin. (Image courtesy Santos)
Mediterranean Sea
Greeces government has awarded a con-
sortium led by Hellenic Petroleum an explo-
ration block offshore western Greece. The
Patraikos concession covers 1,892 sq km (730
sq mi) in the Gulf of Patra, in water depths of
100-300 m (328-984 ft). According to Irish part-
ner Petroceltic, the site has oil prospectivity in
Jurassic, Cretcaeous, and Eocene formations.
Initial work will include geological studies and
2D and 3D data acquisition.
Australasia
Oil Search has proven gas in the Hagana
prospect offshore Papua New Guinea. The
well hit the target in the deeper Pliocene objec-
tive, confrming a new turbidite sand play with
gas charge and retention at this stratigraphic
level. Hagan is 225 km (140 mi) west of Port
Moresby in 105 m (344 ft) of water. The fnd
is a short distance northeast of Oil Searchs
recent Flinders gas discovery, the frst well
drilled in the Gulf of Papua in over a decade,
the company claimed. The rig was next due to
drill the Kidukidu prospect in license PPL 385,
40 km (25 mi) southwest of Hagana.
ttt
Santos achieved its fourth consecutive gas
discovery off Western Australia with the Win-
chester-1 well in the Carnarvon basin. Wire-
line logs and pressure testing confrmed 40
m (131 ft) of net pay in the Jurassic Angel
and Triassic Mungaroo formations. The loca-
tion is the WA-323-P permit, 135 km (84 mi)
northwest of Dampier and in 75 m (246 ft) of
water. The earlier fnds were Crown, Bassett
West, and Bianchi.
Middle East
Qatar Petroleum and Occidental Petroleum
have sanctioned Phase 5 development of the
Idd El Shargi North Dome (ISND) feld off-
shore Qatar. Their aim is to sustain production
at around 100,000 b/d of oil for the next six
years. Phase 5 will involve implementing or
improving water-food schemes in all ISNDs
producing reservoirs; drilling over 200 new
production, water injection, and water source
wells; and installing associated minimum facil-
ities platforms, wellhead jackets, and fuid-pro-
cessing equipment. Additionally, pilot studies
will start for produced water reinjection and
EOR. Costs could exceed $3 billion.
ttt
The Iranian Research Institute of Petro-
leum Industry (RIPI) and Kish Oil aim to
develop the Tousan oil feld, southwest of
Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf, originally
discovered by Petrobras. Reserves are es-
timated at 400 MMbbl with around 25% re-
coverable. Four wells will be drilled from a
new offshore platform, with frst-phase pro-
duction of 7-10,000 b/d heading through a
30-km (18.6-mi) pipeline to an onshore treat-
ment plant.
East Africa
BG has discovered gas in the Mkizi struc-
ture in Tanzanias deepwater block 1. The
drillship Deepsea Metro made the fnd in
1309off_14 14 9/4/13 4:30 PM

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www.offshore-mag.com t September 2013 Of fshore 15
1,301 m (4,268 ft) of water, between the ear-
lier Jodari and Mzia discoveries, encounter-
ing gas in a Tertiary stacked channel com-
plex. There could be 600 bcf recoverable,
according to partner Ophir Energy.
To the south, Statoils frst operated well
offshore Mozambique also found gas in the
Cachalote structure in Area 2, but not in large
volumes, according to partner Tullow. The
productive section was an upper Cretaceous
deepwater channel system on the outboard
fank of the Ibo High. The drillship Discoverer
Americas has since spudded the Buzio-1 well
in the eastern part of the license.
India
Reliance Industries is considering sharing
its east coast oil and gas-related infrastruc-
ture with ONGC. Under a memorandum of
understanding, both companies have agreed
to perform a joint study which will investi-
gate commercial terms. ONGC believes the
arrangement could speed up development
of its deepwater felds adjacent to those op-
erated by Reliance offshore eastern India.

Southeast Asia
Salamander Energy has discovered oil in
the Surin prospect in the Gulf of Thailand, 25
km (15.5 mi) from the offshore Bualang com-
plex. The well was drilled in the G4.50 block in
the central part of the western sub-basin, en-
countering oil in Miocene fuvial sandstones.
ttt
CNOOC has notched two shallow-water
Bohai Bay oil discoveries offshore China.
Bozhong B-4, drilled on the west slope of the
Bozhong Sag, encountered oil pay zones with a
total thickness of 50 m (164 ft) and fowed 660
b/d during testing. Kenli 10-4-1, drilled on the
south slope of the Laizhou Bay Sag, intersected
45 m (147 ft) of oil pay and tested 2,800 b/d.
In the South China Sea, the 30,000-metric
ton (33,069-ton) jacket has been installed for
CNOOCs Liwan gas feld central platform. All
nine development wells have been completed
and will be connected to deepwater production
facilities. Pipelay is also nearing completion.
In the same sector, the company has signed
production-sharing contracts with BP and
Shell. BPs covers deepwater block 54/11 in
the Pearl River Mouth basin in the east of the
sea, where water depths range from 370-2,300
m (1,214-7,546 ft). Shells PSC is for block
35/10 in the Yinggehai basin, in 80-110 m (262-
361 ft) of water. During the exploration period,
Shell will acquire 3D seismic and possibly drill
wells, covering all associated expenditure.
ttt
Japans frst-ever exploration well off its
northwest coast was a dry hole. Japan Drilling
performed drilling, on behalf of the JX Hold-
ings joint venture, 30 km (18.6 mi) southwest
of Sado Island in 110 m (361 ft) of water.
1309off_15 15 9/4/13 4:30 PM
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16 0G GTIPSF September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Pieter Schelte penciled in for Brent topsides
Allseas has secured a frst contract for its giant single-lift de-
commissioning vessel Pieter Schelte, currently under construction
by DSME in South Korea. Shell has booked the vessel to remove,
transport and load to shore the topsides of three of the Brent feld
platforms in the UK northern North Sea.
Timing is uncertain as Shell still has to submit an environmental
impact assessment for the program, but the Brent Delta topsides
will be the frst to be removed, probably in 2015-16. The remainder
of the work will be spread over the following eight years, depending
on cessation of production of the various platforms. Operations at
Delta ceased in December 2011, and Shell presently expects Alpha
and Bravo to follow in late 2014, followed by Charlie in late 2015.
Allseas also has an option for the fourth platform topsides removal,
whichever sequence Shell decides on.
Aside from the steel-jacketed Alpha, all the other three installa-
tions are concrete gravity-based structures. Topsides weights range
from 16,000-30,000 metric tons. All are well within the range of the
382-m (1,253-ft) long, 124-m (407-ft) wide Pieter Schelte, which will
provide lift capacity of 48,000 metric tons for topsides and 25,000
metric tons for jackets.
Delta is in the middle of an engineering down campaign to make
it clean of hydrocarbons. According to analysts BritBoss, drilling con-
tractor Archer is plugging and abandoning Deltas 40 wells, a program
Shell hopes will be completed this year. The company also looks to
recover a sediment sample from one of the platforms storage cells.
Analysis of the sediment composition will help it determine whether
the sediments should be left in place offshore for safety reasons.
Britannia to host Alder
Chevron has fnally committed to developing Alder, a high-
pressure/high-temperature gas/condensate feld in the UK central
North Sea discovered in 1975 in 492 ft (150 m) of water. Texaco ap-
praised the structure with various wells in the late 1980s and early
1990s, but technology solutions to handle the felds characteristics
wellhead shut-in pressure of 9,440 psi (651 bar) and reservoir tem-
perature of 152C (305.6F) have only become available in recent
years. At one point Chevron considered a Sevan cylindrical FPSO,
but the company and partner ConocoPhillips opted instead for a
subsea tieback to the Britannia bridge-linked platform, which they
jointly operate. GDF Suez is the other partner in Alder.
Atkins and Amec respectively performed front-end engineering de-
sign for the subsea facilities and topsides modifcations. Alder will be
developed via two wells, with the Cameron/Schlumberger joint ven-
ture OneSubsea manufacturing the HP/HT vertical subsea monobore
trees and wellheads at its facility in Leeds, northern England. These
will connect to a manifold incorporating a subsea high integrity pres-
sure protection system, with production tied back to Britannia via a
28-km (17.4-mi), 16-in. pipe-in-pipe system. Technip will design and
install both, along with a 28-km (17-mi) hybrid umbilical, with group
subsidiaries in the UK manufacturing the hardware. Aker Solutions in
Aberdeen will supply the subsea control system.
One main reason the project is going ahead, as Chevron acknowl-
edged, is the UK governments recently introduced tax concessions
for challenging HP/HT felds. Further relief measures also persuad-
ed the company to go forward with the Rosebank project west of
Shetland, which will be the UKs deepest offshore development to
date in 3,600 ft (1,100 m) of water.
In block 23/22b, south of Britannia/Alder, ConocoPhillips has prov-
en a new gas accumulation in the Lacewing structure. The well encoun-
tered a gas column of over 100 ft (30.5 m). Studies are under way to
determine whether the fnd is commercial, said partner Premier Oil.
ExxonMobil terminates frontier Ireland well
ExxonMobil has pulled the plug on Irelands frst deepwater well
on the Dunquin North prospect in the southern Porcupine basin.
The location is 170 km (105 mi) from the southwest coast in around
1,700-m (5,577-ft) water depths. Drilling started in late April on the
structure on the northern fank of a 700-sq km (270-sq mi) intra-
basinal ridge system. Operations were terminated in mid-July after
drilling through 800 ft (244 m) of porous carbonate reservoir.
Initial analysis suggested the reservoir was water-bearing, al-
though partner Providence Resources put a positive spin on the
result, suggesting that oil shows in sidewall cores and elevated gas
levels pointed to oil which may subsequently have leaked. Pre-drill
studies had indicated that the basin might be gas prone. The Dun-
quin South structure might be a better bet because of its thicker
seal, the company said.
Among other recent frontier wells on the Atlantic Margin, DONG
Energy has discovered gas in the Cragganmore prospect in block
208/17, west of Shetland, although its other well, in the Glenrothes
structure in block 208/11, was dry. The drillship West Navigator drilled
both. In the Norwegian sector of the Barents Sea, Totals 7225/3-2
appraisal well on the Norvarg feld confrmed a gas discovery there,
but perhaps in smaller volumes than anticipated. The semisub Leiv
Eiriksson performed two production tests in the upper and lower parts
of the Triassic Kobbe formation of Norvargs eastern segment. Re-
sults indicated that the structure is extensive, but reservoir quality
is variable.
Wintershall takes over at Brage
Wintershall has completed an asset swap with Statoil that in-
creases its production offshore Norway to almost 40,000 boe/d. The
transaction includes stakes ranging from 15%-32.7% in the producing
Gjoa, Vega and Brage felds, and in Brages case, Wintershalls frst
operatorship of a large production platform in the Norwegian sector.
In exchange, Statoil took Wintershalls 15% interest in the Lundin-
operated Edvard Grieg development in the Utsira High region of the
North Sea and fnancial compensation of $1.35 billion. This could
rise by a further $100 million, contingent on future development
work on Vega.
Another foreign operator, Canadas Talisman Energy, has decided
to withdraw from E&P offshore Norway and has started a sales pro-
cess for its various assets. These include the operated Varg feld in the
North Sea; production from the Veslefrikk and Gyda felds; and op-
eratorship of the Yme feld, where the newbuild mobile offshore pro-
duction unit (MOPU) has to be decommissioned and scrapped after
defects came to light during the protracted commissioning campaign
offshore. Contractor SBM Offshore has agreed to pay $470 million to
cover termination of existing agreements, arbitration procedures, and
decommissioning. The MOPU is due to be transferred onto a barge
no later than 2016, with SBM transporting it to a yard for scrapping.
Artists impression of the Pieter Schelte. (Image courtesy Allseas).
1309off_16 16 9/4/13 4:30 PM
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Safety incidents on the rise,
new regulations to come
A handful of safety incidents dominated the
news about Gulf of Mexico operations in July,
including two well control events, one of which
included a fre on a jackup rig. And in mid-Au-
gust, Black Elk Energy reported the fndings
of a third-party investigator that examined the
causes of an explosion and fre last November
on its oil production platform. These incidents
stand as a reminder to the complexities and
potential dangers of offshore operations.
On July 9, the US Coast Guard and the Bu-
reau of Environmental Enforcement (BSEE)
responded to a report from Energy Resourc-
es Technology (ERT) about a loss of well
control at Ship Shoal block 225 Platform B.
The report, from the facility 74 mi (119 km)
southwest of Port Fourchon, Louisiana, said
all personnel were safely evacuated.
Work on a temporary plug at well B2 had
been ongoing when the event was noticed.
Two other wells on the platform were also
subsequently shut-in. BSEE and Coast Guard
responders performing overfights reported
that natural gas was fowing from the well,
and that there was a rainbow sheen.
By mid-July, ERT said that it had stopped the
gas leak. The company continues to monitor
the well. The well was contained by pumping
drilling fuids into it, as approved by the BSEE.
ERT has submitted further plans and pro-
cedures for BSEE approval regarding a per-
manent seal of the well.
Perhaps most notable was the fre that
occurred on the Hercules 265 jackup drilling
rig in South Timbalier block 220. On July
24, the BSEE confrmed that a fre had oc-
curred on the rig, and that gas had ignited
the previous night when no one was aboard.
The 250-ft mat-supported cantilevered rig
caught fre after it experienced a loss of con-
trol of Well A-3 at approximately 8:45 a.m. on
July 23. The rig, which was operating for Wal-
ter Oil & Gas Corp., was performing comple-
tion work on a side track well to prepare it for
production. The operator reported the safe
evacuation of 44 personnel, with no injuries.
The BSEE and US Coast Guard estab-
lished a command center for response to the
well control event. Following an overfight,
the BSEE reported that there was a cloud
of natural gas above the rig, and that a light
sheen on the water was quickly dissipating.
A frefghting vessel was deployed to the
location with both water and foam frefghting
abilities, and Hercules Offshore hired Wild
Well Control to halt the gas leak. In addition, the
Rowan EXL-3 jackup drilling rig was deployed
to the site to perform plugging operations.
BSEE approved Walter Oil & Gas permit
to drill a relief well designed to target the
original problem borehole. Once it reaches
that well, the relief well will be used to pump
drilling mud, followed by cement to secure
the well.
On July 25, the BSEE reported that the gas
fow at the Hercules 265 had been stopped. Ac-
cording to the agency, the well had bridged
over, with only residual gas left burning.
Hercules Offshore said the rig remained
standing, but the derrick package appeared
to have been damaged. Further details are
pending a return to the rig and platform.
Meanwhile, on Aug. 21, Black Elk Energy
reported the fndings of a third-party investi-
gator that examined the causes of an explo-
sion and fre last November on its oil produc-
tion platform in West Delta block 32, 17 mi (27
km) southeast of Grand Isle, Louisiana.
The report, written by ABSG Consulting
after an eight-month investigation, concluded
that the explosion and fre occurred after con-
tractors failed to follow standard safety prac-
tices. ABSG found that while production was
shut in, workers welded on piping that was
connected to a tank containing crude oil and
fammable oil vapors, without following Black
Elk Energys safety practices. ABSG was re-
tained by Black Elk to investigate the Nov. 16,
2012, incident that resulted in the deaths of
three workers and injuries to others.
According to Black Elk, the ABSG report
found that:
t 0O UIF EBZ PG UIF JODJEFOU XPSLFST XFSF
welding a fange on open piping leading
to an oil tank that contained fammable
vapors. The piping leading to the tank
had not been isolated and made safe for
welding activities as required by Black
Elk Energy safe work practices.
t 'MBNNBCMF WBQPST JO UIF QJQJOH JHOJUFE
and within seconds reached the frst oil
tank and then two connected tanks.
Black Elk Energy contracted with Grand Isle
Shipyard to perform the construction work.
According to Black Elk, although Grand Isle
committed in its contract not to use subcontrac-
tors on Black Elk projects, all of the workers
performing the welding involved in the incident
were employed by DNR Offshore and Crewing
Services, a subcontractor of Grand Isle. ABSG
determined that use of the DNR Offshore sub-
contractor without notifying Black Elk Energy
was one of several causes of the incident.
ABSG also alleged that Grand Isle and
DNR Offshore employees failed to adequate-
ly follow safe work practices for performing
welding and failed to stop work when unsafe
conditions existed.
In conducting its investigation, ABSG
reviewed thousands of pages of documents
and records; collected and preserved physi-
cal evidence from the platform; performed
fre and explosion modeling of the incident;
and used industry-accepted causal analyses
to determine the causes of the incident.
Coincidentally also on Aug. 21, the BSEE
released for comment a proposed rule of best
practices, plus updated regulations on off-
shore production safety systems and equip-
ment. The proposed 149-page rule will revise
30 CFR 250 subpart H, Oil and Gas Produc-
tion Safety Systems.
BSEE says the proposed rule ensures that
the regulations governing the use and main-
tenance of equipment in subpart H are keep-
ing pace with industrys advancements, and
that they address these newer and emerging
safety technologies.
The comment period is open through Oct.
21, 2013, and also invites public submissions.
Comments can be submitted either online, by
mail, or delivered to BSEE.
The 250-ft (76-m) mat-supported cantilevered Hercules 265 jackup drilling rig caught fire after expe-
riencing a loss of control of Well A-3 in South Timbalier block 220 on July 23, 2013. (Photo courtesy
US Coast Guard)
1309off_18 18 9/4/13 4:30 PM
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MWCC establishes GoM base at Kiewit
The Marine Well Containment Co. has selected Kiewit Offshore
Services in Ingleside, Texas, to serve as the shore-based location
for modular capture vessels for deepwater well control emergencies.
This is the second Gulf of Mexico shore base for MWCC.
MWCCs modular capture vessels are integral to its expanded
containment system designed to cap and fow a well in in water
depths up to 10,000 ft (3,048 m) with 100,000 b/d of liquid.
AGR Seabed, Marin form alliance
AGR Seabed Intervention and Marin have formed an alliance to
combine specialist knowledge and technical experience in route
preparation, water clay-cutting, excavation, and recovery.
Unique Hydra delivers
its largest-ever air dive system order
Unique Hydra has delivered its largest single order for an air dive
system to Subtech Offshore Services. The order included six com-
plete SL3.1 air diving controls and chamber systems as well as the
relevant SL 3.6 machinery packages.
Not only does the equipment meet the current requirements of IMCA
and OGP, but also fulflls the newly proposed IMCA D023 requirements
and other FMEA system needs, according to Unique Hydra.
OneSubsea closes
formation of joint venture
Cameron and Schlumberger have received all the required regu-
latory approvals and have closed the transaction forming the One-
Subsea joint venture.
Cameron will have 60% of the venture with Schlumberger holding
the remaining 40%. The JV is designed to provide subsea solutions
by drawing on Camerons history with subsea equipment design and
manufacture in combination with Schlumbergers strengths in reser-
voir, well completions, subsea processing, and platform integration.
OneSubsea already has contracted Nexans to design, manufacture,
and supply an integrated power umbilical and associated termination
hardware for ExxonMobils Julia deepwater development in the GoM.
The project includes a 23-km (14.3-mi) long umbilical combining
power cables and umbilicals in a single cross-section to be installed in
more than 2,000 m (6,560 ft) of water to tieback Julias subsea systems
to a semisubmersible production unit. Start-up is scheduled for 2016.
Aker Solutions gets agreement for Heidrun
Aker Solutions has won a frame agreement from Statoil to supply,
refurbish, and store compensation equipment used to stabilize and
control the production risers on the Heidrun platform in the North
Sea.
The contract includes delivery of new equipment as well as mainte-
nance and storage of existing materials. Aker will provide new tapered
stress joints and a complete tension system for the Heidrun TLP. Fur-
thermore, it includes refurbishment and preservation of stress joints,
tensioning cylinders, tensioner frames, and associated components.
The work will be carried out by Aker Solutions drilling technologies in
Horten, Norway, and the storage will be in Kristiansund.
ROV simulator goes to Moscow
Marine Simulation has delivered a ROVsim O&G training simu-
lator to Educational Systems and Technologies On the River and the
Sea Ltd., also known as STORM, in Moscow.
STORM offers IMCA Class A pilot technician grades I and II, and
is the frst of its type in Russia. ROVsim O&G is designed to repli-
cate operations of observation and work class systems. It allows for
adjustment of the ROVs physics and dynamics, changes in the video
overlay, casualty simulation, and changing of environments.
Diving advances
CSA Ocean Sciences has deployed its Advanced Diver
Navigation System (above) that includes Shark Navigator, a
self-contained, portable, diver-operated mapping system with
high accuracy positioning. The system makes diver naviga-
tion independent of topside sensors or support vessels, says
CSA. The diver can plot predetermined survey lines, seabed
features, pipeline routes, or any other points of interest. The
system works while also collecting photographs or video.
A Doppler navigation system automatically notes the posi-
tion data in the event the GPS position sensor does not work
because of water depth or wave action.
Unique Systems has delivered the upgraded DNV classed,
1,000-ft saturation diving system HOSS 1 (below) to Ranger
Offshore. The system, with its deck decompression cham-
ber shown here, was increased from a six-man capacity to a
12-man capacity. Unique built the original six-man system for
Ranger in 2010. The system is portable and can be deployed
by either Ranger vessels or a customers vessel. The decom-
pression chamber has diving bell access via a hatch at the top
of the transfer lock plus twin mounted manway hatches for ac-
cess to the deck decompression chamber and the hyperbaric
rescue chamber.
1309off_20 20 9/4/13 4:30 PM
Wor|d-c|ass serv|ce eng|neers to ma|nta|n your
subsea product|on and process|ng system
Once your subsea production system is installed and
fully operational, Aker Solutions offers subsea lifecycle
services to continually fne-tune its performance and
reliability because a smooth start-up and uninterrupted
production keep operators ahead.
Whether you need a spare part or a new supply chain,
our highly trained teams are on hand to meet your ongoing
subsea service requirements with rapid mobilisation,
specialist equipment and expert engineering.
From frontiers to mature felds we are driving down the
costs and risks of subsea production, for the long run.
Mak|ng sure noth|ng
s|ows you down
www.akerso|ut|ons.com/subsea
1309off_21 21 9/4/13 4:30 PM
VESSELS, RI GS, & SURFACE SYSTEMS
3VTTFMM .D$VMMFZ t )PVTUPO
22 0G GTIPSF September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
HESG green lights Q7000
Helix Energy Solutions Group is proceed-
ing with the construction of the well interven-
tion vessel Q7000. The semisubmersible will
be similar to the Q5000, now under construc-
tion at Sembcorp Marines Jurong Shipyard
and scheduled for delivery in 2015. Terrence
Jamerson, HESGs director of fnance and
investor relations, said the Q7000 will have
a slightly smaller footprint and was designed
for use in the North Sea. In April, HESG an-
nounced that the Q5000 will enter service in
the US Gulf of Mexico under a fve-year con-
tract with BP. The contract is for a minimum
of 270 days each year and has options for two
one-year extensions.
Technip and DOF awarded
PLSV contracts
A joint venture of Technip and DOF will
supply four new pipelay support vessels to
Petrobras for fexible pipe installation offshore
Brazil. The JV was awarded a total of eight con-
tracts covering the design and construction
of the four pipelay support vessels (PLSVs),
which will be carried out by Vard Holdings
Ltd. at yards in Brazil and Europe. Delivery of
the PLSVs is scheduled for 2016-2017. Technip
will earn about $1.8 billion in the deal, while
DOF said its share would be about $1.7 billion.
Keppel FELS supplies
Mexican market
Keppel Offshore & Marine subsidiary Kep-
pel FELS has received two orders worth $206
million each from Mexicos Grupo R and Uru-
guay-based Parden Holding for two newbuild
jackups. The KFELS B Class rigs are designed
to operate in water depths up to 400 ft (122 m)
and to drill to depths of 30,000 ft (9,144 m).
Both units are scheduled for delivery in 4Q
2015 and will be deployed offshore Mexico.
Keppel FELS has a total of nine jackups under
construction for the Mexican market. In Au-
gust, the company delivered La Santa Maria,
a KFELS B Class rig, to private Mexican frm
CP LATINA, which has a second unit sched-
uled for delivery in 4Q 2013.
Seadrill feet to swell
in 2015-2016
Seadrill has entered into contracts for four
newbuild ultra-deepwater drillships to be deliv-
ered in the second half of 2015 at a cost of about
$600 million each. Two of the drillships will be
built at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engi-
neering, and two will be delivered from Sam-
sung Heavy Industries, both in Korea. The drill-
ships will have a hook load capability of 1,250
tons and a water depth capacity of up to 12,000
ft (3,658 m). Two of the vessels have options to
include equipment for 20,000-psi BOP systems.
Seadrill also signed a contract with Dalian
Shipbuilding Industry Offshore for the con-
struction of two newbuild high-specifcation
jackups. The two new units are scheduled for
delivery in 2Q and 3Q 2016 at a cost of $230
million each. Both will be based on the F&G
JU2000E design, with capacity to drill up to
30,000 ft (9,144 m) in water depths up to 400
ft (122 m).
Tullow taps Modec
for TEN FPSO
Tullow Oil and its partners in the TEN de-
velopment offshore Ghana have selected Mo-
dec to provide the projects FPSO, a conver-
sion of the crude oil tanker VLCC Centennial
J, scheduled for delivery in 2016. The FPSO
will draw production from the Tweneboa,
Enyenra, and Ntomme felds in the Deepwa-
ter Tano area offshore Ghana, where water
depths average 1,500 m (4,921 ft). The FPSO
will be capable of handling expected plateau
production of 80,000 b/d of oil, 170 MMcf/d
(4.8 MMcm/d) of gas, and will have storage
for 1.7 MMbbl of total fuids.
EMAS AMC lines up Etame
expansion work
EMAS AMCs newbuild Lewek Constella-
tion and the Lewek Express have been hired
by Houstons VAALCO Energy for construc-
tion work at the Etami Marin feld expan-
sion offshore Gabon. Work scope includes
the engineering, procurement, installation,
and construction of rigid pipelines along
with the transportation and installation of
fexible pipelines and two fxed production
platforms. The contract is worth about $120
million; offshore operations will begin early
next year.
IHC Merwede reels
in pipelay vessel orders
IHC Merwede has secured orders worth
more than $1.3 billion for the design, engi-
neering, and construction of six pipelay ves-
sels. Three of the vessels, along with a pipe-
laying simulator, will go to Seabras Sapura,
the partnership between SapuraKencana and
Seadrill. The other three vessel orders are
from Subsea 7, which is set to take delivery of
the Seven Waves pipelay vessel in the frst half
of 2014. Like that vessel, the new ships will
be 146 m (479 ft) long and capable of install-
ing fexible fowlines and umbilicals in water
depths up to 3,000 m (9,843 ft). All six vessels
will be built in the Netherlands with deliver-
ies spread throughout 2015 and 2016.
Allseas Pieter Schelte, shown under construction at Daewoo Shipbuilding &
Marine Engineering in Korea, will launch its career under contract to Shell U.K. The
single-lift installation and pipelay vessel will assist in the decommissioning of the
North Sea Brent field with the removal and load-in to shore of the topsides on three
Brent platforms with an option to do the same with the fourth platform. The contract
includes the removal of Brent Alphas steel jacket. The Brent field, which started pro-
duction in 1975, is northeast of Lerwick, Scotland, in 140-m (460-ft) water depths. The
Bravo, Charlie, and Delta platforms are gravity-based concrete structures; topside
weights on the four platforms range from 16,000 to 30,000 metric tons. Removals
will start with Brent Delta in 2015-2016; the entire job is expected to take about eight
years. (Photo courtesy Allseas)
1309off_22 22 9/4/13 4:30 PM
Gaining greater
efficiencies without
cutting corners is now
a deepwater reality.
HALLIBURTON Solving challenges.

2013 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

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unexpected. To gain greater efficiencies, harness Halliburtons
often overlooked strengths: Resourceful, customer-committed
experts who combine global experience with local knowledge.
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For solutions, visit halliburton.com/deepwater
1309off_23 23 9/4/13 4:30 PM
DRI LLI NG & PRODUCTI ON
%JDL (IJTFMJO t )PVTUPO
24 0G GTIPSF September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Study suggests sea change
in facilities services
A recent benchmarking study of 15 rel-
evant companies indicates that times may
be changing for those requiring or provid-
ing construction, maintenance, and upgrad-
ing services for offshore facilities. Whereas
Gulf of Mexico operators typically engage a
number of companies to provide individual
services on their platforms or foating pro-
duction facilities, overseas operators often
have a preference for single source suppliers.
An unbroken chain
At the heart of the overseas operators deci-
sions to limit participants that provide opera-
tions, maintenance, and asset integrity manage-
ment support of production facilities is a trend
toward maintaining a chain of accountability
among related projects. One executive of a ma-
jor international oil company remarked, We
used to follow a policy of choosing the best of a
wide variety of service providers. This resulted
in large numbers of companies who provided
specialty services. When everything went well,
we felt we were getting maximum value for our
money. However, if anything went wrong, the
fnger-pointing began, and we were unable to
determine accountability for the problem or its
solution.
The executive went on to explain that
choosing a single source provider to cover
related services established a clear chain of
accountability for quality, logistics, safety, and
effciency that represented real value, often-
times exceeding the collective value provided
by numbers of individual providers.
In the Gulf of Mexico, post-Macondo, the
study revealed an emerging interest in single
source suppliers to provide operations and main-
tenance or asset integrity services for production
facilities. In fact, large, integrated service provid-
ers have begun to advertise solutions instead
of products. They recognize that busy opera-
tors want complete solutions to challenging is-
sues, not a bunch of widgets that may or may
not be easy to integrate into a solution.
Outsource or insource
Robert Peebler, former CEO of ION, has
always maintained, Companies should focus
on their core competencies and outsource
everything else. Good advice. But discipline
must be observed so the outsourcing does
not create an unmanageable tangle of well-
meaning, disjointed suppliers. In some off-
shore areas, operators outsource all of their
operations and maintenance activities to tech-
nical services contractors under single con-
tracts covering everything from the wellhead
to the fare tip. This can make good business
sense for many reasons. In some cases, build-
ing cumbersome infrastructure to look after
production facilities can cause issues when
regional down cycles occur.
A few North Sea companies focus on the
issues faced by operators there with the
idea of expanding their offerings to life-of-
the-asset services. Even though there are
myriad tasks associated with initial hook-up
and commissioning, or fnal decommission-
ing and abandonment, they believe they can
provide highly competent, safe crews to per-
form all of these tasks under a single banner.
The idea of accepting responsibility for the
whole job elevates the value they offer be-
cause they must excel at each phase of the
operation. Because one bad apple spoils the
basket, integrators know they must perform
well on all tasks because they will be held
accountable for all of them.
One global provider of life-of-asset services is
Stork Technical Services. Martha Sandia, vice
president North America and Caribbean for
Stork, said, In the Gulf of Mexico most opera-
tors want to procure individual service contracts,
but a few believe there is a greater risk reduction
and cost savings in integrated operations and
maintenance. Contracts covering inspection and
testing, fabric maintenance, rigging and lifting,
asset maintenance, and specialist access solu-
tions in rope access and confned space entry
and rescue are increasing in popularity.
According to the benchmark study, Sandias
comments are echoed by oilfeld services pro-
viders who already integrate drilling and com-
pletion services. They have found that perfor-
mance is viewed as more important than price.
Interestingly, the key performance indicators of
oilfeld and technical services contractors are
quite similar: safety, reliability, and availability
of an experienced and skilled workforce.
Some common services associated with con-
struction, maintenance, and upgrade projects
may seem fundamental and within the capabili-
ties of existing in-house feld crews. However,
there is more than meets the eye to such ac-
tivities as non-destructive testing, fabric main-
tenance, and bolt torqueing and tensioning.
Crews that do not perform these activities rou-
tinely do not develop the skills and coordination
to do them safely and effciently. Other services
requiring highly-skilled, experienced workers
include hot bolt clamping and rope access.
What is left in-house?
Operators participating in the study gen-
erally named project planning, management,
and oversight of operations as necessary
skills to keep in-house. While they agree that
it may be desirable to outsource the work it-
self, the operators retain the responsibility
to plan and oversee maintenance and asset
integrity programs. The in-house team often
sets the scope, objectives, and standards of
performance that apply to the work and then
oversee the contractor carrying it out.
For several years, Norwegian operators have
gone to great lengths to limit personnel-on-board
(POB). They recognized the obvious fact that if
a worker is not on the rig or platform there is no
risk that worker will suffer an accident or injury.
The practice of awarding numerous contracts to
specialty contractors, some believe, goes coun-
ter to improving safety. If each contractor sends
workers and supervisors offshore, then POB
numbers soar, not to mention the number of
round trips by helicopters and boats to transport
them to and from the facility. With integrated op-
erations, supervisory personnel, and transport
expenses are minimized. Effciency benefts be-
cause one company can focus on the overall ob-
jective while keeping track of progress on each
subset of tasks, separating task groups logically
so workfows are conducted smoothly and eff-
ciently. And if unforeseen incidents occur, there
is no one else to point the fnger at.
A look ahead
The independent Gulf Coast operations and
maintenance study revealed that demand for
outsourcing these services will increase in the
future. There is little doubt that the develop-
ment of deep- and ultra-deepwater assets will
require the coordinated skills of all parties
involved. A way to minimize safety and opera-
tional risk is to consolidate activities to make
them less cumbersome to manage, contract,
and supply. The chain of accountability is one
that cannot tolerate any weak links.
Experienced offshore specialists practice safety in all phases of their operations, from wearing of
personal protective equipment to rope work. By always setting a safe example, their actions influ-
ence other workers. (Photo courtesy of Stork Technologies)
1309off_24 24 9/4/13 4:30 PM
GE Works to redene pump efciencies.
Offshore, GEs SPS pumping systems work to
increase efciency, reduce environmental impact
and provide versatile pumping solutions. For
example, our multi-stage centrifugal SPS pumps
are a widely-used, efcient solution for transfer,
boosting, circulation and injection applications.
Our SPS systems provide enhanced pumping
efciencies by lowering noise and vibration levels,
decreasing construction lead times and delivering
improved reliability and extended runtimes.
With GE, you have a worldwide support system
ready to provide engineering, eld service or
sales support.
Take a look at our results, and see how
GE can work for you.
Call +1 713 260 6731 or e-mail sps.inquiry@ge.com
www.geoilandgas.com/sps
1309off_25 25 9/4/13 4:30 PM
GEOSCI ENCES
(FOF ,MJFXFS t )PVTUPO
26 0G GTIPSF September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Atlas Copco goes to Mitcham
for seismic use compressors
Atlas Copco Rental has purchased Mitcham
Industries feet of marine air compressors to
be used for rental in seismic applications.
Atlas Copco Rental is also investing in the
seismic market through the manufacturing,
at Atlas Copco Hurricane, of two new com-
pressors: the SBM7, a marine cold seawater-
cooled compressor, and the air-cooled SB7.
ION, Polarcus enter
survey agreement
In a concurrent move, ION has joined Po-
larcus with a three-year agreement to jointly
develop, execute, and market 3D multi-cli-
ent projects worldwide.
Polarcus brings expertise in the 3D multi-
client space to IONs GeoVentures groups
expertise in geologically driven, basin-scale
2D multi-client surveys.
The collaboration will use IONs BasinSPAN
data library of over 450,000 km to identify new
project opportunities worldwide. Further, the
combination of Polarcus RIGHTBAND acqui-
sition proposition and IONs WiBand data pro-
cessing technology will beneft from Polarcus
feet of 3D seismic vessels.
GX Technology center
targets Asia/Pacifc
ION Geophysical has scheduled the open-
ing of a GX Technology seismic data pro-
cessing center in Perth, Australia, to serve
operators in Australia and throughout the
Asia/Pacifc region. The new center is to of-
fer a full range of seismic imaging services
and technologies, including depth imaging
and IONs patent-pending WiBand broad-
band processing technology.
Economic growth in Asia/Pacifc drives
the need for dependable energy in the re-
gion, prompting industry experts to predict
an estimated 20% year-over-year growth in
E&P capex in 2013, says ION. In 2012 alone,
there were 13 offshore discoveries in the
area.
Chris Usher, executive VP and COO of
IONs GeoScience division, said: With the
opening of this new center, our 13th around
the world, we continue to expand our foot-
print into global E&P hotspots. The Australian
northwest shelf is in transition from an explo-
ration to development phase. Production from
these felds will continue for decades, and the
challenge will be to monitor and manage feld
development for optimum recovery. We found
that our customers operating there have been
underserved in terms of high-end, quality seis-
mic imaging, and we are pleased to open this
center with material backlog.
Kelly Beauglehole, the centers managing
director, adds, We have seen a tremendous
demand in the region for advanced imaging
services, including prestack depth imaging,
and high-quality seismic data, including our
recently acquired 11,500 km 2D survey of
Australias northwest shelf, known as Wes-
traliaSPAN.
ExploHUB installs
HIIP software
Earthworks Reservoir has agreed with the
University of Aberdeens ExploHUB training
center to provide its prospect evaluation HIIP
software. ExploHUB plans to use HIIP in its
training course for the prospect evaluation
module due to begin this month.
ExploHUB director Stuart Archer said, Ex-
ploHUB is delighted to have forged this partner-
ship with Earthworks Reservoir. It provides our
trainees with access to leading edge software
and technology that will assist with the teach-
ing of volumetric assessment in our exploration
workfows.
SAIC will use MakaiLay Seismic and MakaiPlan Pro Seismic programs to simulate and control
ocean-bottom cable installations and retrievals. Makai Ocean Engineering says MakaiLay
Seismic will help accurately install and retrieve seismic arrays. MakaiLay Seismic builds on the
MakaiLay engine, but adds tools specifically for the seismic industry to accurately install and
retrieve ocean bottom cables (OBC) with many in-line sensors, or node arrays in mid- and deep-
water. MakaiLay Seismic is flexible enough to run on laptops and assimilate information from
SAICs collection of cable installation equipment, including Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
(ADCP) and transponders attached to the cable, and then output vessel navigation and cable
payout instructions for the operators. SAIC submarine cable projects will now use the latest
versions of two different Makai cable software products. MakaiPlan Pro Seismic is a simulation
tool to plan installation and retrieval of OBCs in mid- and deepwater. It enables 3D, dynamic
simulations of the cable installation and retrieval, and can simulate an entire cable lay to test
the feasibility of survey plans. The simulations can be used to test the feasibility of the planned
lays, make equipment selection, train cable engineers, pre-lay and post-lay analysis, and create
a ship plan for installation.
Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) and TGS are
back offshore East Canada for the third year
to complete acquisition of a 2D multi-client
survey offshore Newfoundland using the
GeoStreamer acquisition technology. The
program this year aims to acquire additional
data over approximately 16,000 line km
(9,942 mi) of the Northeast Newfoundland
Slope. Statoils Mizzen discovery (200 MMbbl
recoverable) and a recent discovery of light,
high-quality oil in the Flemish Pass basin at
Harpoon strengthens potential north of the
Jeanne dArc basin. Final processed data
from the 2013 acquisition will be available
during the spring of 2014. This will result in a
total of approximately 46,000 line km (28,583
mi) of 2D data acquired and processed in
Newfoundland and Labrador through the
cooperation agreement.
1309off_26 26 9/4/13 4:30 PM
1800 m/s 2800 m/s
These depth slices from Keathley Canyon in the
Gulf of Mexico show the stunning velocity detail
which Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) adds to the
smooth starting model. FWI makes full use of the
ultra-long offsets (up to a maximum of 18km) and
full azimuthal coverage (out to 10km) provided by
the CGG StagSeis
TM
acquisition technique.
Visit us during SEG at booth # 2542
FWI benefts are applicable to many acquisition
scenarios:
Ocean bottom cables
Conventional streamer
BroadSeis
TM
variable-depth streamer
StagSeis full-azimuth marine solution
Onshore
Starting velocity model FWI velocity model
Full Waveform Inversion
Better models, better images
cgg.com/SI
1309off_27 27 9/4/13 4:30 PM
OFFSHORE AUTOMATI ON SOLUTI ONS
28 Of fshore September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
Tim Shea
ARC Advisory Group
Accurately measuring multi-phase fow is
challenging under any circumstances, but
particularly so in todays increasingly de-
manding offshore operating environments.
While not all industry participants are con-
vinced that todays multi-phase/multi-com-
ponent fow metering solutions represent a
practical or cost-effective solution due to mea-
surement uncertainty, initial cost, and other
concerns, the technology has clearly been
gaining traction since its introduction in the
early 1990s. This is due both to technical ma-
turity and efforts by independent third par-
ties to validate accuracy. Energy companies
such as Statoil, PDVSA, BP, and Petrobras
are deploying multi-phase fow meters (MP-
FMs) on a broad scale to enable continuous
measurement of the individual components
in co-mingled oil, gas, and water streams.
ARC is investigating both the technical
and market issues surrounding this still-
emerging technology. Most MPFM solu-
tions today employ multiple sensor technol-
ogies to provide true physical multi-phase
fow measurements, with the most popular
combination being differential pressure
across venturi and gamma ray attenuation.
Typical applications for multi-phase fow
meters include well testing, production
monitoring, production optimization, fow
assurance, production allocation, and fscal
metering/custody transfer.
MPFMs are complex systems that are of-
ten employed with other instruments such
as water cut meters, and pressure and tem-
perature transmitters. Some suppliers incor-
porate IR absorbance, while others rely on
microwave technology for wet gas and water
cut metering. While experts mostly agree
that MPFM solutions may never reach the
accuracy provided by a full separator, but
suppliers continue to strive for that objec-
tive.
Accurately measuring the multiple compo-
nents (typically oil, water, dry gas, and con-
densate) in multi-phase fow applications is far
more complex than traditional single-phase
fow measurement. Since the real opportunity
for MPFM solutions lies in convincing users to
either replace or complement full separators,
MPFM suppliers should focus development
and marketing efforts on targeting applica-
tions in which MPFMs clearly provide a more
attractive option. Opportunities to replace
and/or complement separators include:
t 0GGTIPSF QMBUGPSNT XJUI MJNJUFE TQBDF
(assuming the well is productive enough
to justify the investment)
t "QQMJDBUJPOT JO XIJDI IFBWZ PJM JT QSP-
duced
t 'PSNBUJPOT JO XIJDI UIF TUFBNBTTJTUFE
gravity drainage (SAGD) process is em-
ployed in heavy oil and/or oil sand res-
ervoirs
t 1MBUGPSNT PQFSBUJOH JO NBUVSF FMET
in which the well profles change con-
stantly and traditional monthly well test-
ing is insuffcient
t 'JOFUVOJOH BSUJDJBM MJGU TPMVUJPOT TVDI
as electrical submersible pumps (ESPs)
t 4VCTFB QSPKFDUT JO XIJDI UIF EFQMPZNFOU
of separators is not feasible and/or MPFM
is used as a complementary solution to
provide more timely well testing, monitor-
ing, and/or fow assurance/allocation
t "OZ QSPKFDU JO XIJDI UIF .1'. XJMM QSP-
vide suffcient ROI via more real-time
information to help enhance recovery or
improve production.
When considering MPFMs for a particu-
lar application, operators should:
1. Investigate the expected fow regimes
from the wells to be measured and deter-
mine the production envelope
2. Identify MPFMs with a corresponding
measuring envelope
3. Select an MPFM capable of continuous-
ly measuring the applicable components and
volumes with appropriate (ideally, indepen-
dently validated) accuracy/measurement
uncertainty for the application
4. Ensure the availability of appropriate
onsite resources to allow regular calibra-
tion/adjustment and verifcation
On a dollar basis, subsea applications com-
pose the largest segment within the overall
MPFM market. This is due in part to the
more expensive price tag of subsea MPFM
solutions, which can range as high as $1 mil-
lion or more, but more typically fall between
$500,000 and $750,000. In many cases, an
MPFM is the only viable solution to make
a subsea production project work, since the
depths, pressures, and logistics make deploy-
ing three-phase separators infeasible.
However, as with most technologies, initial
purchase cost is just one component to con-
sider. With MPFMs, operating experience
suggests that overall lifetime costs can be
considerably less than alternate approaches
in a variety of applications, due to reduced in-
stallation, operating, and maintenance costs.
ARC has found that the greatest inhibitor
to more rapid adoption of MPFM solutions
is the plethora of different reservoirs and
formations, and the variations of types of gas
and oil compositions these contain. In most
cases, the testing of an MPFM is validated for
a specifc reservoir or shale formation and its
specifc parameters; the performance of that
MPFM may not be validated for another res-
ervoir or formation, which could possess dif-
ferent gas and oil compositions, and require
deployment of a different pipe diameter or
different materials to handle variations, such
as a greater presence of corrosives.
Organizations such as the Research Part-
nership to Secure Energy for America (RP-
SEA), NEL, and DNV KEMA can serve as
valued partners for MPFM suppliers and end
users alike. Earlier this year, DNV KEMA an-
nounced the opening of the organizations new
multi-phase fow lab in Groningen, the Neth-
erlands, to enable equipment manufacturers
and oil and gas companies to test, validate, and
calibrate multi-phase technologies (including
both multi-phase separators and fow meters)
to ensure the quality of the measurements.
The new test lab is designed to recreate the
kind of conditions that this equipment faces in
the feld, including a full range of multi-phase
fuid compositions at realistic temperatures,
pressures, and fow rates. Another objective is
to accelerate industry efforts to develop stan-
dards for equipment and testing protocols,
which will be critical for increasing acceptance
of the technology.
Research indicates that owner/operators
are implementing MPFM solutions for fow al-
location and, in some cases, for fscal meter-
ing in a growing number of subsea projects.
As an MPFM product manager at a major oil-
feld services company recently commented
to ARC, As long as two parties contractually
agree to accept a certain level of uncertainty,
then it works. In some cases, there is really
no other alternative to make the project work
effectively, so its either a case of using an
MPFM, or no project at all.
As the technology improves, and new in-
dustry standards are developed for MPFM
equipment and testing protocols, ARC ex-
pects that the adoption rates of MPFM solu-
tions will accelerate.
Only a handful of suppliers currently of-
fer multi-phase fow meters. But this could
change in the future. Based on the current
maturity of the technology, the successful
feld experience of operating companies in
selected applications, the availability of inde-
pendent test labs to calibrate products and
confrm accuracy, and in some cases the
sheer lack of alternate approaches, ARC
recommends that owner/operators keep
an open mind about MPFM solutions. They
should ask suppliers to provide contact in-
formation for reference clients, and do their
own evaluation, on a small scale, of the busi-
ness and operational benefts prior to wide-
spread deployment.
While not perfect, it appears that MPFM
technology can often provide a viable and
in some applications the only solution.
Multi-phase fow metering gains acceptance in upstream applications
1309off_28 28 9/4/13 4:30 PM
1309off_29 29 9/4/13 4:30 PM
Quality
Shorter
execution
schedule
Lower
capex
30 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

AUSTRALI A
Alternative approach required to contain costs
of remote Australian offshore gas fields
H
istorically, gas feld developments offshore north-
west Australia (NWA) have been founded on large
accumulations, in shallow water, with relatively
short distances to shore. Sustained production
was possible as a result of large, highly pro-
ductive reservoirs.
In the search for new gas reserves, ex-
ploration and production companies are ac-
quiring signifcant acreages in increasingly
remote, deepwater offshore northwest Aus-
tralia. Recent discoveries tend to be smaller
accumulations, some with signifcant fault-
ing and most with varied reservoir compositions, pressures, and
temperatures. The regional challenge posed is to achieve cost-ef-
fective developments in these marginal environments.
Results from recent development studies illustrate demonstrable
relationships between functional design choices and facilities total
installed cost (TIC). Challenging these choices through the applica-
tion of front-end loading techniques allows the necessary balancing
of competing development drivers to achieve an economically viable
development.
Offshore oil and gas developments in NWA incur a much higher
development cost than in other major oil and gas hubs, such as the
North Sea and the US Gulf of Mexico (GoM).
A recent study by the Business Council of Australia compared the
costs of resource projects in Australia to the US Gulf Coast. It found a
40% cost premium for resource projects overall, and a 200% increase for
offshore oil and gas developments on the back of lay barge and drilling
rig costs. Research by Deutsche Bank (2011) found that the current
proposed and sanctioned Australian LNG projects are far more expen-
sive than recent projects worldwide. Current projects are estimated to
cost $2.7 billion per MMtpa compared to $1.7 billion per MMtpa for
existing projects (North West Shelf Venture and Darwin LNG) and $1.2
billion per MMtpa for recently commissioned projects globally.
For NWA projects sanctioned to date, the quality and accessibility
of gas felds have allowed proftable development despite the cost
pressures. The major gas producing felds in the region have large,
centralized reserves capable of high productivity wells, and are
found in shallow water on the continental shelf or in deeper water in
reasonable proximity to shore.
Early project development typically follows this sequence:
1. Gather and process feld data
2. Defne development rules
3. Brainstorm development concepts
4. Conduct preliminary engineering defnition
5. Develop cost, schedule estimates, and economic outputs.
Balancing competing drivers
In recent years, operators have begun to develop more challeng-
ing, marginal gas felds farther from shore, in deeper water, with
distributed reserves requiring a higher number of wells. For many
projects, the application of typical engineering methods has
resulted in development concepts too expensive to proceed,
requiring substantial engineering recycle and cost challenge
phases to render the concepts economically viable.
In every development there is a limited pool of available
resources time, money, people, equipment, customers
and constraints in one or more of these areas always
apply. Thus, project developers normally seek a balance
among the three areas of cost, schedule, and quality.
Quality in this sense includes increased op-
erability, safety in design, availability, re-
duced maintenance downtime, incremen-
tal capacity, and provision for expansion.
This trade-off most often focuses on the
issues with the most impact on economics
(other than reserves and product price),
generally development project capex and schedule. Capex/opex eco-
nomic trade-offs usually favor reduced capex, as this has higher net
present cost. Schedule defnes the start of project revenue, impacting
NPV and IRR.
A project management triangle representing quality, capex, and
schedule is a fgurative reminder that there is always a trade-off
among the three. Moving toward one goal involves moving away
from at least one of the other goals.
Engineers are typically responsible for ensuring that their concepts
are technically robust and can stand up to challenge. The business
unit, through the project manager, is concerned with creating a vi-
able business solution, and focuses on cost and schedule. When the
project reaches Stage 5 for a marginal development, cost is typically
too high, sending the project into recycle at one of the earlier stages.
When internal recycle and utilization of local engineering resources
do not deliver an economic outcome, parallels are often identifed be-
tween felds being considered for development in NWA and many de-
velopments in the GoM, a region which has had success in developing
small and varied accumulations at suffciently low capital cost. By study-
ing a number of recent deepwater gas developments, an understand-
ing develops of the cost differences between developments in the two
regions. Correct framing in the feasibility and select phases of a project
can achieve lower cost outcomes while minimizing engineering recycle.
Methodology
A case study was initiated comparing development of a feld in
NWA (Case A) to a fctional equivalent in the GoM (Case B). The
two developments were identical in terms of:
t 3FTFSWPJS TJ[F EFQUI BOE DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT
t (BT BOE DPOEFOTBUF QSPEVDUJPO SBUFT
t 'PSNBUJPO XBUFS QSPEVDUJPO SBUFT
t %JTUBODF GSPN TIPSF
t 8BUFS EFQUI
t "MM XFMMT XFSF TVCTFB XJUI UJFCBDLT UP BO JOFME PBUJOH GBDJMJUZ
Drilling and completioncosts were excluded as these were essen-
tially non-differentiating within the study framework.
Cost differentials between cases A and B were divided into two
main categories: Regional and Design Choice.
Regional differences are a function of the geographical location
Martin Stewart
Granherne
Competing drivers
as illustrated in a
simple triangle diagram.
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Case B
100 100
25
59
Case A
Design choice
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
NWA regional
GoM standard
32 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

AUSTRALI A
of the feld. Any project has limited capacity to infuence these vari-
ables. Key regional differences include: geotechnical and metocean
conditions; regulatory framework, applicable statutory codes and
standards; and transport, freight, and installation vessel costs.
Design Choice covers every element that is not region-specifc, in-
cluding: topsides design philosophy; equipment sparing; material selec-
tion; subsea architecture; fow assurance strategy; contracting strategy;
installation methods; and materials and equipment procurement costs.
Material and equipment procurement costs are considered a de-
sign choice; transport and import tax aside, they are largely driven
by the commercial arrangements, tendering processes, and techni-
cal specifcations used.
With the cost differentials identifed, further examination into
each was conducted to understand the reason behind the difference
and to identify the conditions under which the GoM approach and
cost might be applicable in NWA.
Results
The comparison determined an 85% capex increase from Case B
to Case A, indicating strongly that most of the cost difference be-
tween the regions is not driven by geographic necessity. However,
an equivalent design choice may have a different technical and com-
mercial impact in NWA compared to the GoM, thus the lower capex
option is not necessarily the preferred choice for a development.
Regional differences explained a 25% cost increase from Case B
to Case A, split into three categories: metocean infuence; transport;
and installation cost, vessel mobilization, and day rates.
Metocean infuence accounted for less than 10% of the regional dif-
ference. Transport costs were slightly lower for Case A due to proxim-
ity to fabrication yards in Asia. The impact of regional location on in-
stallation costs was, however, overwhelming, accounting for more than
90% of the regional impact. With a limited number of vessels available
for deepwater pipelay and subsea installation, the cost of mobilizing and
using these vessels is disproportionately high, even with transition time
to and from NWA factored in. Moreover, day rates in some instances
are several times those in the GoM for the same or equivalent vessels.
Australian maritime requirements and signifcantly higher crew
costs account for part of the differential. However, high rates for
installation vessels in NWA are primarily commercially driven rather
than cost driven. In order to minimize installation costs the commer-
cial strategy should be examined early in the project life, consider-
ing opportunities such as:
* Sharing ma|or installation vessels with another pro|ect in the
region
* Conditioning design to increase the number ol suitable vessels
* Negotiating early with vessel owners to select a suitable time
window that ties in well with their other commitments.
Design choice accounted for 75% of the cost increase from Case B
to Case A. The context for design decisions is different between the
two regions due to several key reasons:
Criticality of supply. Gas felds in the GoM are numerous and feed into
a reticulated domestic gas network. An interruption in supply from one
feld is easily accommodated by other felds. An outage will result in
deferred revenue, but minimal contractual or reputation impact.
Conversely, the distance of the NWA felds from their end users
means that all but the smallest gas felds feed in to LNG production,
with any given feld typically providing a large proportion of supply
to an LNG plant. An offshore outage could easily result in an onshore
shutdown. LNG end-users demand a very reliable supply, and failure to
meet a cargo can have substantial contractual penalties and reputation
impact. Demurrage of waiting tankers may also add signifcant cost.
Supply chain. The supply chain for equipment, skilled vendor per-
sonnel and installation vessels is substantially stronger in the GoM,
resulting in much shorter times for major repairs on a platform or
subsea system and corresponding greater reliability required for
the same availability for the equivalent design in NWA.
Regulatory environment. GoM operators follow Code of Federal Reg-
ulations (CFR) and API recommended practices. Many operators will
surpass these minimum requirements with their own company codes
and standards. As well as meeting prescriptive guidelines, Australian
companies operate under a safety case regime, with quantitative lim-
its, qualitative goal setting, and requirements for continuous improve-
ment. This type of regime places an onus on the operator to drive as
low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) outcomes within the tolera-
ble risk range, resulting in a greater drive to achieve inherent, built-in
safety. The GoM tends to rely more heavily on operating procedures
and mitigation to manage risk within tolerable limits.
The impact on cost of the different regulatory environment is
diffcult to assess, as it is embedded into other design decisions.
Company codes and standards also vary substantially within each
region. Regulation-based cost drivers primarily manifest themselves
in hull design, subsea and topsides equipment procurement costs,
and topsides segregation for safety.
It is important to note that, in the post-Macondo era, the regula-
tory environment in the Gulf of Mexico has changed substantially,
although the increased regulatory progress has not yet adopted a
Salety Case regime. The analysis in this paper does not account lor
any changes resulting from that incident.
Outcomes
Design choice differences accounted for a 59% cost increase from
Case B to Case A, broken down as follows:
SURF design (16.7%). Subsea, umbilical, riser, and owline (SUR)
design (including export system) proved the greatest difference in
design approach between Case A and Case B. The GoM design has
a substantially lower capex due to less expensive materials selection
and simpler, less versatile subsea architecture.
The materials selection was driven by the level of conservatism
in temperatures required to initiate unacceptable corrosion levels
for a given composition. Case A adopted the more robust choice of
corrosion resistant alloys (CRA), whereas Case B judged that car-
bon steel with a reasonable corrosion allowance and use of chemical
inhibition was suffcient to maintain integrity throughout the design
life. The cost impact of CRAs is profound, both in procurement and
in signifcantly extending pipelay duration.
Process design (15.0%). Different approaches in topsides process
Regional and design choice impacts on project capex.
1309off_32 32 9/4/13 4:31 PM
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AUSTRALI A
design were a substantial driver of cost. The
difference is largely due to the level of con-
servatism in design and willingness to impact
operability and take on risk in order to keep
costs low. The key reasons that the Case B
process design is cheaper and lighter are:
* Lower calculated MLC requirement lor
hydrate inhibition in the fowlines due
to lower uncertainty margins
* Reduced sparing ol key equipment, no-
tably gas compressors with no sparing
in Case B, which uses a larger number
ol small, easier to repair or replace com-
pressors
* Lack ol dedicated surge vessels, relying
on minimal surge volume allowance in
inlet separators
* !ressure rating ol inlet system: Case A
uses early feld-life pressure to reduce
compression energy requirements,
whereas Case B rates piping and vessels
lor late heldlile pressures, relying on
compressors running near full capacity
lrom startup. Case B requires reducing
pressure at the topsides to prevent over-
pressure in early- to mid-feld life.
Commercial assumptions (13.3%). Com-
mercial assumptions, in this context, are the
rates and norms used to derive the estimated
cost ol materials and equipment across the
development. Due to the relatively high level
cost-estimating in the development planning
and concept select phases, it is not leasible to
quantily the drivers behind these dillerences.
!t is apparent, however, that the engineering
estimates for both cases were derived as fairly
similar percentages ol procurement costs, and
that itemspecihc equipment costs tended to
be higher lor broadly equivalent items in Case
A than Case B, understood to be caused by
increased levels of technical specifcation for
custom design, increased vendor quality assur-
ance document obligations, and increased cli-
ent involvement during tendering, design, and
fabrication.
Topsides weight estimation (6.3%). Top-
sides weight estimates for each case were
lactored lrom equipment weights using his-
torically derived regional benchmarks. For
a given equipment list, the NWA weight esti-
mate was higher, due to lactors that include:
* Lower platlorm density. Typical overall
deck area to equipment lootprint revealed
ratios ol roughly 5:1 in NWA versus 8:1
in the CoM. The dillerence in lootprint
is also seen in the weighttoarea ratios,
with CoM norms ol 1.5 metric tons/sq
m much higher than a typical 1.0 metric
tons/sq m in NWA. The increased deck
area results in more piping, cabling, and
structural steel.
* !nstallation constraints. Topsides instal-
lation in the CoM is normally conduct-
ed by quayside or ollshore heavylilt
Application of lessons learned from the comparison should result in a more balanced marginal
field development solution.
1309off_34 34 9/4/13 4:31 PM
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AUSTRALI A
cranes/vessels with a current maximum
capacity of about 10,000 metric tons,
thus driving topsides weight to stay with-
in that limit. Heavy lift at that capacity
does not exist in NWA, and foatover in-
stallation is the norm for large platforms,
with a limit of more than 20,000 metric
tons (installed) and more than 30,000
metric tons (planned). The absence of a
hard limit reduces incentive to minimize
weight growth through design.
* Higher design pressures. NWA design
pressure at inlet tends to be higher to
better use early feld-life pressures, and
gas is compressed to a higher pressure
for export due to longer distances to end
destination. The higher pressures drive
up piping and vessel weights.
Hull and mooring design (2.9%). Having ac-
counted for different metocean conditions,
a signifcant difference in hull and mooring
design results from the storm design crite-
ria. Case A designed for survival at 10,000-
year storm condition, whereas Case B de-
signed for 1,000-year storm condition.
Weight impact on hull design (2.5%). The
higher topsides weight of Case A resulted
in an associated increase of the hull design
steel requirements.
Accommodation (2.3%). The difference in
accommodation weight and cost was rough-
ly equally split between the higher estimat-
ed number of people on board in Case A,
and differences in scope of building content,
building standards, and interior fnishes.
Observations
The results of this analytical work show that
demonstrable relationships can be developed
between individual design choices and feld
facilities TIC. The cumulative effect of many
design choices creates signifcant differences
in overall estimated TIC. The major beneft
of identifying these differences is to highlight
the importance of the relationship between
various technical and commercial development
requirements and TIC. Understanding these
relationships assists the feld developer in mak-
ing the appropriate choices.
Specifc learnings that should be consid-
ered during feasibility and concept stages for
marginal deepwater developments are found-
ed on a principle of justify in rather than jus-
tify out and include:
* Minimize deviation lrom vendor stan-
dard equipment
* Trade sparing ol large and expensive
equipment for capacity-based multiple
smaller units to achieve design capacity
* Assign inlet system design pressure to
lowest piping class above end of plateau
rate inlet pressure
* Avoid adopting multiple layers ol margins
(e.g. lor estimating MLC requirements)
* Adopt minimal lunctionality ol subsea
architecture only
* Critically assess any requirement to de-
viate from carbon steel for subsea hard-
ware, fowlines, and risers.
Arrangements that reduce the cost of in-
stallation vessels should be considered early
as these may impact project schedule.
Application of these learnings should
result in a development solution that sits
somewhere between the two bookended ap-
proaches. Design choices suitable for the
Cull ol Mexico are unlikely to suit oll north-
west Australia; however, some modifcations
in scope and quality will need to be made for
projects to become economically viable.
References
Business Council of Australia. (2012). Pipeline or
Pipe Dream? Securing Australias Investment
Future.
Deutsche Bank. (2011). Austraia Energy Sector: The
Australian LNG Handbook.
1309off_35 35 9/4/13 4:31 PM
36 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

AUSTRALI A
A
public row has erupted Down Under
between local elected offcials, most
prominently WA Premier Colin Bar-
nett, and proponents of foating lique-
fed natural gas (FLNG) technology
as a development solution for the wests
vast offshore gas resources. The backdrop:
skyrocketing labor and construction costs,
coupled with new competition with likely fu-
ture LNG exports from North America and
East Africa that could derail several planned
LNG developments, along with the new on-
shore liquefaction plants and the jobs they
would bring.
While LNG demand, particularly in Asia,
is expected to remain strong over the next
decade, increased capacity could make it
tougher for operators to land the long-term
supply contracts needed to fnance large-scale
LNG projects, particularly greenfeld develop-
ments like those offshore Western Australia.
According to a recent report from Ernst &
Young, high LNG development costs will re-
quire ironclad long-term off-take agreements.
But more recently, the market is witnessing
the inherent confict of increasingly more ex-
pensive projects trying to sell to increasingly
more price sensitive buyersAs substantial
volumes of lower-cost LNG move into Asian
markets, projects at the high end of the supply
curve namely, many of the Australian proj-
ects will become increasingly vulnerable.
In April, Australias Woodside Petroleum
shelved plans for the $45-billion Browse LNG
development, which included a three-train
processing facility at James Price Point. Say-
ing the development concept did not meet
the companys commercial requirements for a
positive fnal investment decision, Woodside
promised to explore other options, including
FLNG. Some analysts had speculated that
the fnal cost for the James Price Point op-
tion could be double the original estimate.
Browse is a world-class resource and it will
be developed, CEO and Managing Director
Peter Coleman said at a conference in Mel-
bourne last month. But only at the right time,
in the right way, to ensure maximum return to
our shareholders.
Barnett was bitterly disappointed by the
decision. I recognize Woodside has a re-
sponsibility to its shareholders, however my
obligation is to the people of Western Austra-
lia, and this decision does not beneft them.
The Premier raised doubts about the safety of
FLNG and the thousands of construction jobs
that would have followed the James Price
Point development.
Despite the engineering and technologi-
cal challenges, FLNG projects could be con-
siderably less expensive than shore-based
hub developments, chiefy because much
of the equipment can be fabricated in Asian
shipyards. In March, ExxonMobil submitted
documents to Australian authorities seeking
environmental approval for an FLNG devel-
opment at the Scarborough feld, which the
company operates in a 50-50 partnership
with BHP Billiton. Plans include a 495-m
(1,624-ft) long by 75-m (246-ft) wide foating
production facility. A fnal investment deci-
sion is expected in 2014 or 2015, with frst
production possible about 15 years later.
Work under way
The Scarborough facility will be slightly
larger than the massive substructure for
Shells Prelude, now under construction at
Samsung Heavy Industries in Geoje, South
Korea. Prelude is on track to become the
worlds frst FLNG development, and the big-
gest offshore foating facility, when it goes
into production around 2017. The foater will
have an annual production capacity of 5.3
MM metric tons of liquids, 3.6 MM metric
tons of LNG, 1.3 MM metric tons of conden-
sate, and 0.4 MM metric tons of LPG.
Construction has begun in Darwin on
the Prelude onshore supply base, Shell said.
Work continues in Dubai on the 93-m (305-
ft) high turret mooring system by SBM Off-
shore. The system will be shipped to Geoje
in fve pieces. More than 1,600 blocks the
large steel structures that will form the hull
have been built so far. Shell will use the Noble
Clyde Boudreaux semisubmersible to conduct
the Prelude drilling program, which calls for
seven development wells.
Three other greenfeld projects offshore
Western Australia currently under develop-
ment Inpex Corp.s Ichthys, and Chevrons
Gorgon and Wheatstone developments
will include onshore LNG processing.
With a steel-cutting for the FPSO hull at the
Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
yard, in June, all of Ichthys major offshore
elements are under construction. The vessel
will be used for condensate dewatering, stabi-
lization, storage, and export. In January, con-
struction began on the developments central
processing facility, also at SHIs Geoje yard.
Inpex claims that the platform, at 150 m by 110
m (492 ft by 361 ft) will be the worlds largest
semisubmersible.
Also in January, work began in Singapore
on the SBM Offshore-supplied turret for the
FPSO. Ichthys will export gas to a process-
ing facility near Darwin via an 883-km (549-
mi) subsea pipeline. Inpex plans to ship the
frst LNG cargo by the end of 2016.
Work continues on the offshore and on-
shore facilities for Gorgon, which will include
a three-train, 15.6-MMtpa LNG facility on
Barrow Island. Twenty-four caissons have
been placed for the 1.3-mi (2.1-km) LNG jetty.
Farther offshore, subsea umbilicals have
been installed connecting Barrow Island and
subsea equipment at the Gorgon and Jansz-lo
gas felds. In August, Allseas Solitaire pipelay
vessel was installing the 34-in. production
pipeline to the Jansz-lo feld.
Last year, the projected cost of Gorgon
rose by about $9 billion to $52 billion. Chev-
ron plans to ship its frst cargo in 1Q 2015.
The Wheatstone onshore facilities at Ash-
burton North near Onslow will include two
LNG trains with a combined capacity of 8.9 MM
tpa, with the possibility of expansion to 25 MM
tpa. First LNG is expected in 2016. Four-ffths of
initial production will come from the Chevron-
operated Wheatstone and Iago felds; the re-
maining 20% will be gathered from the Julimar
and Brunello felds, which are being developed
by Apache Corp. and KUFPEC. A processing
platform installed in 73-m (240-ft) water depths
will connect to the shore via a 225-km (140-mi)
trunkline measuring 44 in. in diameter.
Russell McCulley
Senior Technical Editor
In May, workers at the Samsung Heavy Indus-
tries shipyard in Geoje, South Korea, laid the
keel for Shells Prelude floating LNG project.
When complete, the 600,000-metric ton facility
will be moored in 250-m (820-ft) water depths in
Australias Browse basin. With first production
expected around 2017, Prelude is on target to be
the worlds first FLNG development.
Australia LNG projects advance
despite escalating costs
1309off_36 36 9/4/13 4:31 PM
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38 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

MI DDLE EAST
Offshore Middle East
E&P activity remains robust
Developers look to expand presence of fshore Israel
T
he Middle East continues to be one of the worlds most ac-
tive offshore regions as operators, developers, and state oil
companies continue to advance plans for new and existing
exploration and production projects.
New drilling campaigns are taking place offshore Saudi
Arabia; feld development is occurring off Iran; and enhanced re-
covery efforts are being implemented off the coast of Qatar, all in
an effort to meet regional and international oil and gas demands.
Meanwhile, offshore Israel is shaping up to be one of the hottest
development areas in the region, as it continues to attract invest-
ment from operators and E&P frms. The following is a brief over-
view of activity across the Middle East.
Offshore Israel, Noble Energy says the Tamar production com-
plex became fully operational during 2Q 2013, with uptime reliabil-
ity of more than 99%. Israels gross gas production averaged 676
MMcf/d (19 MMcm/d), with Tamar contributing 636 MMcf/d (18
MMcm/d), with a single-day production high of 784 MMcf/d (22
MMcm/d) during the period. There are plans to expand the Ash-
dod onshore reception terminal, which handles Israeli gas produced
offshore.
Noble estimates resources at this years offshore Karish discov-
ery in the 1.6-2 tcf (45-57 bcm) range. Total gross mean resources in
the Levant basin now stand at around 38 tcf (1.1 tcm).
The Tamar feld development is probably the most well-known
project offshore Israel, but there are others. Recently, partners in
the Gabriella license offshore Israel agreed to resolve their disputes
over their respective funding obligations. The disputes caused drill-
ing of a frst exploratory well to be suspended earlier this year.
Under the settlement and release agreement, Adira Energy,
Modiin Energy, and Brownstone Energy will waive and release
each other from any claims and demands they have with respect to
the license. Additionally, they will fund their proportionate share of
costs in connection with the attempted drilling of the frst well.
The agreement also gives the partners rights to participate in any
farm-out of their interests in the concession realized by the other
members, for a period of one year. Adira also agrees to relinquish its
15% buy back option and management fee, and reduce its overriding
royalty interest to 2.625%.
Adira has applied to Israels Ministry of Energy and Water for an
extension of the date for execution of the drilling contract to Feb. 28,
2014, and for the spud of the frst well to Dec. 31, 2014.
As for the offshore Yitzhak license, the company is seeking exten-
sion to Sept. 30, 2014, to sign a drilling contract and to June 30, 2015,
to spud of the frst well.
Elsewhere offshore Israel, Modiin Energy has revised its re-
source report for the Yam Hadera license. Following re-interpreta-
tion of seismic data, consultants Netherland, Sewell & Associates
claim that Yam Hadera could hold up to 208 MMbbl of recoverable
oil and 3.4 tcf (96 bcm) of natural gas, with a geologic probability
of success of 17%-29% for different horizons. The location is 30 km
(18.6 mi) from the coast, between Hadera and Haifa and northwest
of Adira Energys Gabriella and Yitzhak licenses. Adira has an op-
tion to take a 15% interest in the concession.
The growing opportunities offshore Israel have individual frms
looking to expand their presence there either by acquiring more
acreage, or investing in companies already operating in the area.
An example of the latter could be seen in July, when Pelagic Invest-
ments (PI) announced that it agreed to acquire shares in offshore
Israel exploration specialist Adira Energy. PI is an investment group
managed by Prentis B. Tomlinson, who also owns Cayman Islands-
based Pelagic Exploration, which holds interests in various licenses
offshore Israel. Tomlinson said of Adira: The development of the
companys interests in the Gabriella and Yitzhak licenses provide
a unique opportunity to access a material stake in large contingent
and prospective resources in highly fractured Middle Jurassic car-
bonates on these Syrian Arc structures.
Developers are also making plans to commence new drilling cam-
paigns in the region. Asia Offshore Drilling reports that it has taken
delivery of its third newbuild jackup drilling rig from Keppel FELS
in Singapore, and is now mobilizing the AOD III offshore Saudi Ara-
bia, to start a three-year contract with Saudi Aramco. Seadrill is man-
Bruce Beaubouef
Managing Editor
The Tamar production complex, located in Israels exclusive economic
zone in 5,600 ft (1,700 m) of water, became fully operational during
2Q 2013 after four years of development work. (Photo courtesy Noble
Energy)
1309off_38 38 9/4/13 4:31 PM
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40 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

MI DDLE EAST
aging the operations of this rig, as well as the previously delivered
AOD I and AOD II, which also are working for Aramco.
Field development is proceeding in several areas, with activities
heating up offshore Iran in particular. Kish Oil Co. and the Iranian
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) were expected to
fnalize a development plan in August for the offshore Tousan oil
feld.
According to Mahmoud Zirakchianzadeh, managing director of
Iranian Offshore Oil Co. (IOOC), the plan is to deliver production of
7-10,000 b/d of oil under a frst-phase development, eventually build-
ing to 25,000 b/d. There will be four wells, one offshore platform,
and a 30-km (18.6-mi) pipeline transporting production for treat-
ment onshore. Sazeh Co. is responsible for facilities design.
Zirakchianzadeh, speaking to news service Shana, added that the
buyback contract for the feld will be implemented within 36 months.
Tousan, discovered by Petrobras, is southwest of Qeshm Island
in the Persian Gulf, and extends to Irans maritime border with the
United Arab Emirates. It holds reserves of around 400 MMbbl, with
25% considered recoverable.
IOOC plans to develop the Qeshm region into an oil and gas hub
by building infrastructure to support development of the offshore
Hengam, Tousan, Northwest Tousan, Taftan, Hormozha, Gorzin,
Salkh, Dostko, and Forouz A and B felds.
Offshore Qatar, operators are working to increase and optimize
production from older felds. Recently, Occidental Petroleum of Qa-
tar and Qatar Petroleum agreed on the Phase 5 feld development
plan for the Idd El Shargi North Dome feld (ISND) offshore Qatar.
The two parties have collaborated on the feld since signing a de-
velopment and production-sharing agreement with Qatars govern-
ment in mid-1994. Their goal is to sustain oil production levels at
around 100,000 b/d over the next six years.
ISNDs Phase 5 program includes implementing or improving
water-fooding practice in all the felds oil-producing reservoirs.
The partners plan to drill more than 200 new production, water
injection and water source wells, and to support these wells by in-
stalling associated facilities, including minimum facilities platforms,
wellhead jackets, fuid processing equipment, and pipeline debottle-
necking and water source projects.
In addition, they will implement pilot studies to support produced
water re-injection and enhanced oil recovery projects. Total costs
could exceed $3 billion.
Under separate contractual arrangements, Oxy Qatar also oper-
ates the Idd El Shargi South Dome and Al Rayyan felds in offshore
block 12, in partnership with Dolphin Energy.
While development and production activities are ongoing, service
providers are making efforts to ensure the regions existing off-
shore facilities maintain their integrity and remain ft-for-purpose. In
July, Zamil Mermaid Offshore Services contracted three Saab Sea-
eye Panther XT Plus ROVs for a seven-year inspection and repair
contract for Saudi Aramco.
According to Neil Howie, Zamil Mermaids operations manager,
the Panther XT offers a small footprint and an ability to work easily
in the 2-knot shallow water currents prevalent offshore Saudi Ara-
bia. Additionally, this range is said to handle 90% of tasks normally
conducted by a hydraulic work-class ROV. The three ROVs will per-
form light construction, inspection, and surveying.
1309off_40 40 9/4/13 4:31 PM
www.offshore-mag.com t September 2013 Of fshore 41
BRAZI L
Shell leverages experience, technology
development for future offshore Brazil
W
ith the mature Parque das Con-
chas and Bijupira/Salema projects
entering new phases of produc-
tion, their operation continues to
provide valuable regional lessons
and innovations for Shells future in Brazil,
as the government plans for the frst release
of the huge Libra felds presalt exploration
blocks in October.
The long-planned ramp-up at Shells two
main offshore operations in Brazil sees the
Parque das Conchas, also known as BC-10,
and Bijupira/Salema projects both heading
into second-phase production, with a third
phase at BC-10 planned for 2014. The BC-10
project, in partnership with Petrobras and In-
dias ONGC, is the frst full-feld development
to be based on subsea oil and gas separation
and pumping. It will also be the site of the
frst full life-of-feld 4D seismic monitoring
system in Brazil and the deepest installation
of its kind in the world following a multi-mil-
lion-dollar contract with OYO Geospace (now
Geospace Technologies) last year. Offshore
met with Kent Stingl, the companys vice
president of deepwater production and devel-
opment, to learn more about the pioneering
techniques being employed to maximize the
productivity of Shells operations in Brazil.
Offshore: Parque das Conchas and Bijupi-
ra/Salema are both mature assets, but how
have they followed the planned course up to
now?
Stingl: When we frst discovered BC-10
back in 2000, we saw a clear path forward for
a two-phase development of the proj-
ect. We decided that the Ostra and
Argonauta felds would form Phase
1, since combined they could pro-
duce close to 100,000 barrels a day.
Given the inherent steep decline
curve, this made the most sense.
Rather than have all the felds come
online at the same time and start to
produce 250,000 barrels a day, then
see it drop sharply down to 50,000,
we installed the ... Espirito Santo
FPSO and opted for a phased de-
velopment. We had a peak of 93,000
boe/d back in early 2010, and that
is now in decline, and Phase 2 will
come in to produce a peak of around
28,000 boe/d.
The FPSO Fluminense is 10 years old and
has produced 100 MMbbl of oil from Bijupira/
Salema. Were now producing around 20,000
boe/d and have just funded the redevelopment
well, plus we have a rig that is going to drill four
more wells there and boost production up to
around 35,000 boe/d.
This third phase, however, was not some-
thing we envisaged in the original plans for
Parque das Conchas. It was a case of making
the best of what we already have, and forms a
nice synergy with Phase 2, which will be on-
line towards the end of this year. Our brand
new, state-of-the-art dual derrick Noble Bully
II drillship is fresh out of Singapore, and as
soon as it is fnished drilling the Phase 2
wells, it will be deployed for Phase 3.
Offshore: So there is a combination of for-
ward planning and having the fexibility to
be able to maximize your resources when
opportunities arise?
Stingl: Phase 2 production was planned for
the end of 2013, but we had a rig in the area,
so we thought we would look elsewhere for
opportunities within our block, and in 2010
made a further discovery.
This will be our fastest development from
discovery to oil (forecast for 2016), and so
we named the feld Massa, after the Formula
One driver (Felipe Massa). It will have a sub-
sea tieback to the Argonauta B-West feld,
so it was a natural step and not so techni-
cally challenging, allowing it to mature very
quickly.
FPSOs are usually brought in as a tem-
porary facility to last fve, six, or
seven years. But we had Espirito
Santo designed to last for 25-plus
years, because we knew that, even
though there would be a steep de-
cline, production life remains very
long. That hub design means that
you have additional capacity built
in, and can explore fresh opportu-
nities to fll it.
The timing, then, is such that as
Phase 2 starts to decline, Phase 3
comes in to fll a lot of that capacity,
so its a nice way to maximize the
use of the vessel and have a very
continuous operation. The timing
is perfect to maintain a consistency
across the planning of resources.
Doug Gray
Contributing Editor
The Espirito Santo FPSO entered service at
Shells Parque das Conchas development, also
known as BC-10, in 2009, and reached a peak
production of 93,000 boe/d early the following
year. Second and third development phases
are in the works, and a tieback to the newly
discovered Massa field is scheduled for 2016.
(All images courtesy Shell)
Subsea field illustration of the Parque das Conchas (BC-10) development.
1309off_41 41 9/4/13 4:31 PM

BRAZI L
Offshore: What have been the specifc challenges of the production
at BC-10?
Stingl: BC-10 is a weak aquifer/depletion drive, so we had to arti-
fcially boost the pressure to improve recovery effciency. What we
came up with, along with FMC Technologies, was a system of sub-
mersible pumps on the seafoor that give an extra 2,000-psi boost,
and which is, in fact, what makes the whole operation economically
viable.
To avoid problems from burn-out and corrosion, which can re-
quire rig interventions costing $50 million on top of lost produc-
tion, we developed MOBOs, or modules of boosting, where several
pumps are clustered together to allow for some redundancy. The
system has worked fawlessly since we installed it.
Offshore: How do you see the industry right now in Brazil, given
the lack of new block leases for the fve years up until 2013?
Stingl: Without the lease, for fve years nobody has had access
to these Libra hydrocarbons, but fortunately we had other oppor-
tunities to develop in the meantime, which has really helped us and
given us time to learn how to operate effciently in Brazil.
Offshore: Will Brazil have the resources to cope with the huge ex-
pansion of the industry over the coming decade?
Stingl: Offshore, we use 90% local content. But Brazil has the larg-
est new discoveries in the world, and Petrobras is the largest deep-
water operator, so they have so much work that the industry cannot
train them quickly enough. We really have to be innovative on how
we stretch people and train them and get them the skills that they
need to mature more quickly.
Wood Mackenzie have been estimating those requirements, and are
predicting a need for 10-15 FPSOs for the Libra area alone, and produc-
tion rates could be1 MMb/d across hundreds of wells. When you think
about them costing $100 million each, and thats just Libra, and Petrobras
already has other developments on production now and expanding, its
astounding the growth thats required for all these developments.
Brazil has a very mature industry today. Theyll always be be-
hind, but thats good in a way because therell always be a demand
for talent, and it brings steady growth, which is essential. This is a
good, steady development program, and these are high-quality oil
reserves, so theres a consistency that helps.
Shell contracted OYO Geospace, now Geospace Technologies, to provide
full life-of-field 4D seismic monitoring at BC-10, the first such installation in
Brazil, and at 1,700 m (5,577 ft), the worlds deepest to date.
1309off_42 42 9/4/13 4:31 PM
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44 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

ASI A/ PACI FI C
South China Sea offers
opportunities, challenges
Boundary disputes create uncertainty
O
ffshore E&P activity in the South Chi-
na Sea is growing, driven by the poten-
tial of its deepwater reserves and the
rising Asian energy demand. But the
South China Sea also poses develop-
ment challenges, most notably in the form of
boundary disputes among China, Vietnam,
and the Philippines.
Asian economic growth is driving demand
for increased oil and gas production in the
South China Sea. The US Energy Information
Administration (EIA) predicts local demand
for liquid fuels to grow 2.6% annually and that
local demand for gas will grow 3.9% annually
over the next decade. China, in particular,
aims to signifcantly increase its consumption
of natural gas by 2020 and the South China
Sea, with its potential for new gas discoveries,
is a focus area.
Most offshore oil and gas development in
the South China Sea is close to shore, but Chi-
na has progressively moved into deeper waters,
notably in the Pearl River Mouth basin. The po-
tential for further development of the regions
deepwater reserves, however, is heightened by
the aforementioned border disputes.
The main areas under contention are the
Spratley Islands (with a total land area of less
than 3 sq mi/7.8 sq km) and other small is-
land groups including the Paracel Islands,
Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef. China
bases its claim to the islands on historical
expeditions and an offcial map with a nine-
dashed line published in 1947. Vietnam also
claims the Spratly and Paracel islands, and
in 1956 the Philippines claimed Scarborough
Reef and part of the Spratly Islands.
Current production
Most offshore developments are within the
respective countrys exclusive economic zone.
CNOOC is the most active of Chinas na-
tional oil companies in the South China Sea
and is working with Husky on the Liwan gas
feld that has an estimated 4-6 tcf in proved
and probable reserves.
As local felds such as Duri and Minas
decline, Indonesias PT Pertamina is hoping
to boost production with new acquisitions in
the South China Sea. These include Natu-
nas D-Alpha block and blocks in Vietnams
Nam Con Son basin.
The Palawan basin is a major source of do-
mestic gas for the Philippines. The Malam-
paya platform there is operated by Shell in
a joint venture with Chevron and the Philip-
pine National Oil Co.
Thailands largest oil feld is Chevrons
Benjamas feld in the north Pattani basin.
Also in the basin is the countrys largest gas
production at Bongkot with BG Group.
PetroVietnam has partnered with a num-
ber of foreign companies to develop offshore
felds. Chevron currently operates major con-
tracts in the Cuu Long and Phu Khanh ba-
sins. Other big investors include, Eni, Cono-
coPhillips, and French independent Perenco.
Singapore aims to become involved in the
South China Sea and has acquired exploration
rights to blocks in the Gulf of Thailand, the Pearl
River Mouth basin, and offshore Indonesia.
Bruneis largest oil and gas feld is Cham-
pion, and the Southwest Ampa feld accounts
for most of the countrys gas production.
Chinas energy needs
Currently, 15% of Chinas oil and gas
comes from offshore. However, the country
is adamant about the South China Sea, says
Paul Aston partner at Holman Fenwick Wil-
lan Singapore, because its onshore reserves
are starting to dwindle. A third of its current
reserves are offshore and of these, 33% are
in the South China Sea, most in deepwater.
Aston recently returned to Singapore af-
ter four years in Shanghai. He says Chinas
dependence on foreign oil rose to 56.3% last
year, and its dependence on natural gas im-
ports rose to 21.5%. China will continue to be
a major importer, with or without the South
China Sea, says Aston. By 2030, its demand
for liquid fuels will grow by 70%, and it is ex-
pected to be importing 75% of this.
China is not just interested in the South
China Sea. It wants to be a major player off-
shore, says Aston. It is now competing with
the likes of Keppel, Jurong, and Daewoo to be
a major builder of rigs, not just for Chinese
Wendy Laursen
Contributing Editor
South China Sea oil and natural gas, proved and probable reserves, MMboe (Source: US EIA).
1309off_44 44 9/4/13 4:32 PM
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1309off_45 45 9/4/13 4:32 PM
46 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

ASI A/ PACI FI C
companies but all companies. There are people who say there are qual-
ity problems but 20 years ago people said the Koreans couldnt build
LNG vessels, now they build 85% of them. China is building jackups.
They are building heavy-lift vessels, pipelaying vessels, and they are
building dive support vessels everything they need to operate as an
EPC contractor in competition with companies like McDermott, Sa-
puraClough, and Technip.
China does not yet have the same level of deepwater expertise as
some Western oil majors, says Gabe Collins of US analysis initiative
China Signpost. He expects China to bring in overseas partners to
develop the deepwater assets of the region, and oil majors with big
interests in China are unlikely to partner with other countries like
Vietnam to develop contentious felds if it means souring relations
with China. However, he says, working in confict zones is the nature
of the oil and gas industry. Think of a place like Iraq, he says. Or
think of a place like Nigeria, or South Sudan. Companies will go into
very hostile environments if they think the molecules are there.
Reserve estimates
The EIA estimate for the area stretching from Singapore and the
Strait of Malacca to the Strait of Taiwan is approximately 11 Bbbl of
oil and 190 tcf of gas in proved and probable reserves. Most conven-
tional hydrocarbons reside in undisputed territory.
However, EIA admits that it is diffcult to make an accurate es-
timate because of under-exploration and the territorial disputes.
The contested Spratley Islands have virtually no proved or probable
oil reserves and industry sources suggest less than 100 bcf of gas.
However, a US Geological Survey (USGS) 2010 analysis resulted in
an estimate of 0.8 to 5.4 Bbbl of oil and between 7.6 and 55.1 tcf of
gas in undiscovered resources.
The contested Paracel Islands do not have signifcant discovered
conventional oil and gas felds, and geological evidence suggests the
area does not have signifcant potential. However, the area may con-
tain signifcant natural gas hydrate resources.
Brre Gunnerud, partner at Wikborg, Rein & Co., says that, as
with the reserve estimates further north in the South China Sea, the
estimate of 10 tcf of gas in the 27,000-sq km (10,425-sq mi) disputed
area between Thailand and Cambodia should be treated with cau-
tion. Gunnerud advised the Cambodian National Petroleum Author-
ity (CNPA) for several years on the overlapping claim area in the
Gulf of Thailand.
There is very little data, she says. The numbers are very sketchy.
The geology is also very fragmented and recovery success may
be as low as 10%.
The USGS notes the complexity of the tectonic history of South-
east Asia. This history has included rifting and attenuation of con-
tinental crust, opening and closing of ocean basins, development of
regional fault systems, and local uplifts. The petroleum systems are
mainly Cenozoic basins and the gas is focused into younger, post-rift
elastic and carbonate reservoirs.
EIA predicts gas reserves will be more viable than oil in the South
China Sea. However, producers would have to construct subsea pipe-
lines in areas with submarine valleys and strong currents in deepwa-
ter, says EIA. The region is also prone to typhoons, precluding cheap-
er rigid drilling and production platforms. Tension leg tethering of
production installations and managed pressure drilling to operate in
high-pressure deepwater environments may be a way forward.
Energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie estimates only 2.5 Bboe for
the South China Sea, and in November 2012, CNOOC estimated 125
Bbbl of oil and 500 tcf of gas in undiscovered resources.
EIA points to the sensitivity of the area for global trade. Approxi-
mately 14 MMb/d of crude oil pass through the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand, almost a third of global oil movement, accord-
ing to data from Lloyds List Intelligence and GTIS Global Trade
Atlas. Around 6 tcf of LNG, over half the global LNG trade, passed
through the South China Sea in 2011, according to data from PFC
Energy and Cedigaz.
Business as usual
Despite the tensions and uncertainty, there are huge areas of rapid
project development in the South China Sea, says Nick Haslam, man-
aging director of London Offshore Consultants Singapore offce.
There are also smaller pockets of inactivity for example, the Gulf
of Thailand where little is going on at present, but overwhelmingly
the region is a hive of project activity. All told, upstream projects in
the South China Sea region can be valued in excess of $26 billion.
The Malay Peninsula, East Malaysia, Vietnam, and Indonesia
probably constitute the areas of highest project concentration. It is
diffcult to ascertain reserves in the region but it is reasonable to
assume they are abundant, says Haslam. The number of projects
active and upcoming in areas such as East Malaysia, the Malay Pen-
insula, and offshore Vietnam are evidence of this.
Brunei is a territory to watch closely, says Haslam. Historically,
Shell has held an effective monopoly on Bruneian oilfelds. But things
are defnitely changing. The country seems keen to engage other en-
ergy majors. We have been engaged by Total, for example, to provide
warranty services for a development to the northwest of Brunei.
CNOOC expects 10 new offshore oil and gas felds to come on-
stream this year, among which the Liwan 3-1 gas feld will become the
frst big deepwater gas feld offshore China. First gas at Liwan is ex-
pected late 2013 or early 2014. Liwan has an estimated 4-6 tcf in proved
and probable reserves. The Liwan project is in block 29/26,300 km
(186 mi) southeast of Hong Kong in the South China Sea, and spans
979,773 acres (3,965 sq km). Husky Energy operates the development
The nine-dash line is the demarcation line used by China for its claim to
territories and waters in the South China Sea. (Source: IISS)
1309off_46 46 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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South China Sea estimated
proved and probable reserves
Crude oil
and liquids Natural gas
Country reserves (Bbbl) reserves (tcf)
Brunei 1.5 15
China 1.3 15
Indonesia 0.3 55
Malaysia 5.0 80
Philippines 0.2 4
Thailand - 1
Vietnam 3.0 20
Note: Reserve totals do not include Gulf of Thailand
or onshore reserves. Reserve estimates are based on
field ownership.
Source: US EIA South China Sea report February 2013
48 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

ASI A/ PACI FI C
and holds a 49% interest; CNOOC holds the
remaining 51%. CNOOC maintains a stake of
at least 51% in any offshore development in
China.
Additionally, CNOOC will drill around 140
exploration wells, acquire approximately 15,400
km (9,571 mi) of 2D and 24,800 sq km (9,575
sq mi) of 3D seismic data, and will continue to
expand deepwater exploration activities. This
will involve an investment of over $20 billion.
In June 2012, CNOOC offered nine oil and gas
blocks to foreign bidders in part of the South
China Sea overlapping Vietnams 200-mile
exclusive economic zone in the Jiannan and
Wanan basins. According to EIA, no foreign
companies have publically made a bid.
Chevron acquired new acreage in the South
China Sea in 2012 through the acquisition of
shallow water blocks 15/10 and 15/28 in a
production-sharing agreement with CNOOC.
The company also has an interest in deepwa-
ter block 42/05, which covers an exploratory
area of approximately 1.3 million acres (5,216
sq km), not in contested waters.
Eni has been present in China since 1980
and has 10 licenses there. The company
signed a production-sharing contract with
CNOOC in 2012 for the exploration of block
30/27 situated approximately 400 km (248
mi) off the coast of Hong Kong. The block
covers an area of around 5,130 sq km (1,981
sq mi) in one of the most promising parts of
the Chinese offshore sector.
A changing environment
We are always assessing new opportuni-
ties in the region, says Ron Morris, ROC
Oils president in China. In some cases the
boundary disputes have had some impact
on pursuing and securing new opportuni-
ties, but ROC has a rolling 20-year plan so
we continually review all blocks. China is an
ever-changing environment. Every year is
different, every month if not every day.
ROC is a 19.6% interest holder in the
Beibu Gulf Project that achieved frst pro-
duction in March. The project partnership
also includes Horizon Oil, 26.95%; CNOOC,
51.0%; and Oil Australia (Majuko Corp),
2.45%. The frst phase of the project sees oil
production from the Weizhou 6-12 North
and 12-8 West felds in block 22/12, about
60 km (37 mi) from the southern coast of
China, adjacent and connected to CNOOCs
W12-1 feld complex. The project involves
the construction of a jointly owned, purpose-
built processing platform and two produc-
tion platforms in 30 m (98 ft) of water and
their total integration with existing CNOOC
infrastructure.
Worlds undiscovered natural gas resources, 2012
Worlds undiscovered oil resources, 2012
T
r
i
l
l
i
o
n

c
u
b
i
c

f
e
e
t
B
i
l
l
i
o
n

b
a
r
r
e
l
s

o
f

o
i
l
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
M
i
d
d
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e

E
a
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t

&
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r
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r
i
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&
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i
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o
r
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r
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U
n
i
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o
r
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e
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o
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i
e
t

U
n
i
o
n
S
u
b
-
S
a
h
a
r
a
n
A
f
r
i
c
a
S
u
b
-
S
a
h
a
r
a
n
A
f
r
i
c
a
A
s
i
a

&

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
A
s
i
a

&

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
S
o
u
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
&

C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
S
o
u
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
&

C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
S
o
u
t
h

C
h
i
n
a

S
e
a
*
E
u
r
o
p
e
S
o
u
t
h

C
h
i
n
a

S
e
a
*
E
u
r
o
p
e
Note: Undiscovered resources are mean undiscovered technically recoverable resources.
* Does not include Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia's Java, Borneo and Sumatra basins, or Sulu Sea.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, USGS World Estimate of Undiscovered
Resources 2012, USGS Assessment of Undiscovered Resources of Southeast Asia 2010
Note: Undiscovered resources are mean undiscovered technically recoverable resources.
* Does not include Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia's Java, Borneo and Sumatra basins, or Sulu Sea.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, USGS World Estimate of Undiscovered
Resources 2012, USGS Assessment of Undiscovered Resources of Southeast Asia 2010
1309off_48 48 9/4/13 4:33 PM

2
0
1
3

B
a
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.

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ASI A/ PACI FI C
Along with the production commence-
ment news came confrmation that the
results of the three exploration/appraisal
wells drilled on the WZ6-12 North and
South structures during 2012 have led to
an increase in certainty of the reserves in
some of the reservoirs, as well as additions
from the discovery of new pools in WZ6-12N
and the Sliver prospect. The result is a 25%
overall increase in proved and probable re-
serves. Upon completion, a total of 10 wells
drilled from the WZ6-12 platform will be
connected to the production system, com-
pared with fve in the original development
plan. Production will progressively ramp up
through the year as development wells are
completed and brought online. Ultimately,
the new processing platform will also enable
CNOOC to bring other marginal felds in the
area online.
For Morris, the project has been a suc-
cess on several levels. Firstly, there were the
technical challenges. The geological charac-
teristics of both felds and the properties of
the crudes are quite different and diffcult.
Additionally, W12-8W had to be accessed by
drilling horizontally above a layer of water
and below a gas cap.
It would have been uneconomic under con-
ventional thinking, says Morris. The project
The Beibu Gulf Project involved the construction of a jointly-owned, purpose-built processing plat-
form (PUQB). The new processing platform will enable CNOOC to bring online other marginal fields
they have in the area. (Courtesy ROC Oil)
1309off_50 50 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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ASI A/ PACI FI C
was, therefore, a landmark in that all parties
had to cooperate to minimize project costs
and to share the existing infrastructure.
Together with CNOOC, we had to put
a common hat on and ask how the project
would be developed if we were one com-
pany, says Morris. With different manage-
ment philosophies, it took some time.
It was a way of cooperating not seen in
China before, says Morris, and it enabled
capital and operational costs to be reduced
by half.
For example, synergies were achieved by
allowing produced water to be injected into
CNOOCs existing water disposal wells.
Typically, joint ventures in China have
been on a stand-alone basis, with an indepen-
dent entity producing alone and exporting
through its own export system. Therefore,
the standard contract had to be rewritten for
this project so that CNOOC was appropriate-
ly compensated for its existing assets, and
the operational synergies were realigned to
the satisfaction of all partners.
Several traditional barriers were elimi-
nated so that win-win outcomes could be
achieved.
The oil spills at the ConocoPhillips Peng-
lai 19-3 oil facility in Bohai Bay, northern
China, caused a signifcant delay while all
parties re-evaluated risks.
It had an impact on everyone, says Mor-
ris.
His company, ROC, experienced several
months of delays during project signoff as a
result of the spill.
I believe we are yet to see the full impact
of that. China is defnitely changing the way
they are looking at accountability of busi-
nesses and putting in new regulations to
make sure that the proper controls are in
place, says Morris.
China is an important market for ROC,
and Morris is positive about the ground
work done to date with CNOOC. While he
believes the possibility of big oil discover-
ies in shallow water offshore China are less
likely, a medium-sized specialist player like
ROC thrives on the opportunity to extract
value from mature or diffcult to develop
felds. The company promotes this proven
capability as a valued service not only for na-
tional oil companies in China, but through-
out Southeast Asia.
New challenges
There will be technical challenges ahead
for the industry, says Ernst Meyer, DNVs
regional manager for Southeast Asia and the
Pacifc. Gas is becoming a bigger focus than
oil and with it new competencies will need
to be developed. Many recent fnds, for ex-
ample, have been characterised by sour gas
or high CO
2
levels. The move toward deeper
waters will also bring technical challenges,
but perhaps more importantly, new safety
challenges.
The regulatory regime in the area is not
very well developed, says Meyer. It works
well if things are easy and simple, but I think
it will be a major challenge to maintain accept-
able safety levels without really independent
regulators in the South China Sea. In some
countries the national oil companies are act-
ing as regulators whilst having an interest in
the resources and their development.
Still, Meyer believes the region is attrac-
tive to oil companies, particularly when com-
pared to regions such as the Arctic, where
project costs are expected to be high.
If you can get access to good projects
and good development sharing agreements
in Southern Asia, and if you can solve all the
political and technical issues, I would say it
is a much more proftable area to be in at the
moment, he says.
1309off_51 51 9/4/13 4:33 PM
52 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSI CS
3D broadband is the wave of the future
Greater reservoir characterization role one advantage
G
eoscience continues to strive for bet-
ter and more accurate images of the
Earth. The goal is unchanged drill
fewer wells and fnd more oil and gas.
While 3D seismic is key, the science
must be robust and reliable. Marine seismic
data is undergoing a broadband revolution,
extending the recorded scale with both lower
and higher frequencies. By separating upgo-
ing and downgoing wavefelds the ghost can
be eliminated, or it can be used. 3D seismic
data will play a greater role in reservoir char-
acterization.
Deghosting or wavefeld separation for a
dual-sensor streamer is based on frst princi-
ple science without restricting assumptions.
The result is seismic data with a broader
bandwidth both at the high end and the low
end of the frequency spectrum.
The technology is more operationally eff-
cient, provides better seismic imaging, and of-
fers advantages in reservoir characterization.
Reservoir delineation and geobody detection
are improved thanks to an increased signal-
to-noise ratio and broader bandwidth. The
extended bandwidth, especially at the low fre-
quency side of the spectrum, represents a key
improvement in the lithology-fuid prediction
and reservoir property estimation. The need
for a priori assumptions is reduced by relying
more on the data, which should notably im-
prove the number of successful wells.
The ghost in marine seismic recording
is the result of an almost perfect refection
of the acoustic wavefeld from the sea sur-
face. Up-going waves refect as down-going
waves with a reversed polarity, and interfere
Eivid Fromyr
Petroleum Geo-Services
Illustration of complementary
pressure and motion sensors.
The input to wavefield separation: Hydrophone (left), velocity sensor (middle), and the resulting
up-going wavefield (right).
A 2D example from Brazil, a comparison between a conventional acquisition with a 9-m (30-ft) streamer depth and a dual sensor at 25 m (82 ft). The
source is the same, 4,130 cu in. towed at 9 m. Note the improved penetration and improved deeper image for the dual sensor. The Campos basin, Brazil,
image to the left is a time migrated conventional line towed at 9 m. The image to the right is a dual sensor line towed at 25 m. The source is identical.
1309off_52 52 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSI CS
constructively for certain frequencies and destructively for other fre-
quencies. This phenomenon can occur both on the source side and on
the receiver side. The affected frequencies depend solely on source
and receiver depths. Conventional marine seismic acquisition, there-
fore, involves a trade-off between the various frequency ranges. To
record high frequencies, sources and receivers need a shallow tow,
which strongly attenuates low frequencies. Conversely, a deep tow
favors low frequencies at the expense of high frequencies.
The concept
A useful concept in discussing broadband systems is the principle
of complementarity. Such an acquisition system has two or more com-
ponents that complement each other when looked at in combination
either in the time or frequency domain. A receiver system with both a
pressure sensor and a velocity sensor represents such a complemen-
tary system. There are different time domain ghost functions between
the two measurements, and this gives completely complementary am-
plitude spectra. The pressure sensor spectrum peaks align with the
notches in the spectrum of the velocity sensor and vice versa. Adding
the ghost functions together gives a completely fat spectrum, which
leaves a single spike in the time domain the ideal system response.
The simplicity of the complementary receiver system offers sev-
eral advantages. Only the depths of the receivers need to be known
to perform the wavefeld separation, allowing this process to be per-
formed on board. Up and downgoing wavefelds can be delivered
straight from the vessel during the acquisition phase to speed deliv-
ery of processed products.
The data quality uplift resulting from wavefeld separation, and
hence removal of the receiver ghost, has far reaching consequenc-
es. The receivers can be towed deeper. It is no longer restricted by
the notches in the recorded spectrum which move into the central
seismic band for deeper tows. The operational advantage is diffcult
to overestimate. Effciency gains of 10-20% are recorded frequently,
especially in harsh weather with a limited season. GeoStreamer has
introduced a new acquisition paradigm. It has been demonstrated, for
example, that it is possible to have year-round operations in places
like the North Sea. Short arctic seasons can be flled effciently and
work programs and commitments completed in one season.
Broader bandwidth, better data
The upgoing wave being free of the receiver ghost, no longer has a
bandwidth limited by the hydrophone notch frequencies. In fact, the
bandwidth is limited only by the source ghost. When towed deeper,
it has a richer content of low frequencies to improve penetration. The
recording environment is also quieter, as the sensors are not subject to
swell noise. Thus, the low frequencies doubly beneft from increased
signal amplitude and decreased noise level.
The second dual sensor example is a 3D dataset from the North Sea.
Prospects and felds that vary greatly in age and depth of burial were im-
aged with a superior data quality at all levels. Targets in this case study vary
from very shallow Neogene channel systems through producing Paleocene
sands to the Jurassic level, with the main focus on the Tertiary section.
Because of the improvement in signal to noise, better velocities can
be picked. Both components of the separated wavefeld can be used
in a more accurate implementation of multiple attenuation processes
like SRME (surface-related multiples elimination). The dual-sensor
benefts penetrate the entire processing sequence from shot to im-
age. Most exciting perhaps is the possibility of using both compo-
nents of the wavefeld in novel imaging schemes.
The fact that the wavefeld can be separated makes it possible to cal-
culate the equivalent of a pressure recording at an arbitrary reference
depth. This yields a byproduct that is fully backward compatible with
conventional data in 4D applications. The broadband data is a product in
its own right but also represents a new enhanced baseline going forward.
1309off_54 54 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSI CS
Reservoir characterization
Reservoir characterization and estimation
of elastic properties greatly beneft from
improved bandwidth. Extending the low fre-
quencies by more than an octave stabilizes
processes like inversion. Elastic properties
can be estimated without well information
and extended away from well control points
with greater accuracy and confdence than
can be achieved by conventional data. These
aspects can be further understood through
the effect and improvement of the seismic
wavelet. The reduction of side lobes or tun-
ing effects due to the presence of frequen-
cies down toward 2 Hz makes AVO (ampli-
tude versus offset) and related inversions
more reliable and accurate.
Estimated absolute elastic properties,
based on prestack inversion, have been com-
pared to the well information over a particular
line indicate a good match. More importantly,
the scattering of points from the inversion re-
sults follows the elastic behavior predicted
from well information, which is not the case
with the conventional seismic dataset.
As case studies have demonstrated, the
broader bandwidth, especially at the low
frequency side, represents a key element
in improving the seismic reservoir property
estimation. This is particularly the case in
the lithology-fuid prediction. The need for a
priori knowledge based on well information
is considerably reduced. The inversion and
litho-fuid prediction using broadband data
depend less on sparse well data. Therefore,
accuracy of prediction of reservoir proper-
ties away from the wells will improve. The
process becomes less model driven and in-
stead more data driven.
SWIM (Separated Wavefeld
IMaging)
Traditionally, multiples are removed from
seismic data using processes like SRME.
Since dual sensor recording enables sepa-
ration of the wavefeld into an upgoing and
downgoing component, there is, effectively,
a secondary source at every receiver point.
Therefore, multiples may be used in imag-
ing by employing downgoing wavefeld. This
will have far reaching consequences for im-
age quality, and also opens a new chapter in
terms of how geoscientists look at illumina-
tion of the Earth. It could alter the thinking
about acquisition as well. Both coverage and
aperture could be redefned. The combina-
tion of GeoStreamer wavefeld separation and
new imaging condition used in depth migra-
tion is producing promising results.
Source
Removal of the source ghost has the po-
tential to take data quality to yet another
level in terms of bandwidth. GeoSource is a
time and space distributed source based on
conventional tuned subarrays. The source
ghost can be removed due to the vertical
separation of the subsources. Simultaneous
fring ensures there is no loss in fold and a
randomization scheme enables the separa-
tion of the subsource signals. Typical tow-
ing depth varies between 5 to 15 m (16 to
49 ft). The principle of complementarity is
once again applied such that the subsources
match each other in the frequency domain
similar to dual sensors on the receiver side.
Again, this is an acquisition-based approach
without restricting assumptions and thus
preserves amplitude integrity all the way
from feld data.
Acknowledgment
The author wishes to thank Lundin Malaysia BV and
PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. for permission to
publish the Tenggol Arch data.
1309off_55 55 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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DRI LLI NG & COMPLETI ON
Majors continue to push boundaries
of extended-reach drilling
T
wo papers presented this year at the SPE/IADC conference
in Amsterdam highlighted the latest initiatives in extended-
reach drilling (ERD) offshore. Both outlined the challenges
in drilling wells from shore to access outlying reservoirs of
nearshore felds.
One paper, by authors from ExxonMobil and Exxon Neftegas,
examined the new design that led to a new world record measured
depth for an ERD well of 12,376 m (40,604 ft) on the Chayvo feld off-
shore eastern Russia, including a reach of 11,371 m (37,306 ft). This
is the latest in a series of ERD wells drilled into the Sakhalin-1 off-
shore felds, using the land rig Yastreb. The other paper presented
fndings from a new project based on the Reelwell Drilling Method,
which targets much longer ERD wells sections.
Well-path issues
The frst extended reach wells on Chayvo were drilled in 2003
from a near-coast location on Sakhalin Island. In 2011, the Yastreb
returned to the Chayvo onshore well site for a new campaign.
Z-44 was the frst well to target Chayvos Zone 16 reservoir. Exx-
onMobil planned a total of four oil producers from the existing on-
shore wellpad, taking a horizontal path through the western fank
before crossing the axis of the anticline to penetrate the eastern
fank. One gas injector would be placed horizontally in the gas cap.
Distance to the targets was at the edge of the ERD envelope in terms
of measured depth and horizontal reach, with some of the wells
open-hole completion lengths exceeding 3,000 m (9,842 ft).
Other challenges were oil column thickness, thought to be around
20 m (65.6 ft), and the uncertainty range for the vertical position of
the oil/water and gas/oil contacts of 4-5 m (13-16.4 ft). Simulation
studies suggested the best recovery option would come through
placement of horizontal oil producers at mid-oil column vertically,
Jeremy Beckman
Editor, Europe
Source: Reelwell
1309off_56 56 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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integrity for the life of your well.
Get in shape with meta.
www.metadownhole.com
Strengthen
your
capability
not your nerve.
DRI LLI NG & COMPLETI ON
with small tolerance for deviation due to the
risk of early gas or water breakthrough.
The campaign team opted for downhole
formation pressure-while-drilling tools to
minimize vertical position uncertainty, and
upgraded Yastreb with equipment that in-
cluded new 5
7
8-in. drillpipe with a higher
torque connection capable of 71,500 ft-lb
(9,885 kg/m), and two more shakers. In
this case the intention was to eliminate sol-
ids control as a limiter for the 17-in. hole,
speeding up drilling of that section by 20%.
Drilling of Z-44 started early in 2012 and was
completed late last year. According to the au-
thors, all objectives for Z-44 were accomplished,
including the planned formation pressure tech-
nique for wellbore positioning, with the pilot
8-in. hole establishing both the fuid contacts
and the oil column thickness. The production
hole was successfully placed at mid-oil column.
The only signifcant non-productive event dur-
ing the entire drilling operation was a stuck
pipe in the pilot hole, necessitating a whipstock
side track at 8,607 m (28,328 ft) ExxonMobils
deepest to date, and possibly the deepest ever
attempted by the industry.
Taking ERD a step further
In 2011, Reelwell started ERD beyond
20 km, a joint industry project supported
by Petrobras, RWE Dea, Shell, Total, and
the Research Council of Norway. The aim is
to verify the extreme ERD capability of the
Reelwell Drilling Method (RDM), which has
been under development since 1994.
RDM has the potential to extend the en-
velope for ERD because it allows fotation of
the drillstring, reducing torque and drag to a
minimum, and eliminates the dynamic equiv-
alent circulating density (ECD) gradient as
the ECD is screened from the formation. A
piston-type arrangement at the drillstring
provides optional hydraulic weight on bit.
The study involves an application for an
offshore feld in an environmentally sensi-
tive area, which may require development
from an onshore site. This would call for
ERD wells with a record-breaking horizontal
displacement of more than 13 km (8 mi) and
around 2.4 km (7,874 ft) TVD. The offshore
target has various salt domes with an over-
lying chalk formation, and the planned well
has a target MD of almost 16 km (52,500 ft).
For the proposed well, the top section is
a conventional design with a 20-in. casing
set to 1,000 m (3,281 ft) depth. However,
because of excessive torque and drag RDM
must be used for the 13-in. section to 14,000
m (45,931 ft) in Heavy Over Light (HOL)
mode this is a feature unique to RDM and
denotes a situation where the annular fuid
is of higher density than the active fuid in-
side the drillstring. The same applies to the
9-in. section to 15,800 m (51,837 ft).
Simulation results suggest the proposed
well could be feasibly drilled using RDM
to around 16,000 m (52,493 ft) MD; 2,400
m (7,874 ft) TVD with torque values of less
than 30 kNm (22,127 lb-ft) and drag values
of less than 50 tons. Use of a dual aluminum
drillstring in combination with the HOL
technique is the main enabler. Drillstring
buckling, torque and drag are markedly low-
er, and casing/liner installations are feasible
using conventional fotation techniques.
References
2013 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam.
Case history of a challenging thin oil column extended
reach drilling (ERD) development at Sakhalin.
Authors: Vishwas Gupta, Shea Sanford, Exxon-
Mobil Development Co.; Randall Mathis, Erin
DiPippo, Exxon Neftegas; Michael Egan, consultant
to ExxonNeftegas.
Extended reach drilling new solution with a
unique potential. Auhtors: O. Vestavik, Reelwell;
M.Egorenkov, Merlin ERD; B. Schmalhorst, RWE
Dea; J.Falcao, Petrobras.
1309off_57 57 9/4/13 4:33 PM
58 Of fshore September 2013
t
www.offshore-mag.com
Akzo Nobel Functional Chemicals BV
Lispinweg 6
6075 CE Herkenbosch
The Netherlands
+31 475 539292
American Gilsonite Co.
29950 South Bonanza Highway
Bonanza, Utah 84008
(435) 789-1921
Aqua-Clear Inc.
608 Virginia Street, East
Charleston, West Virginia 25301
(304) 343-4792
Aqualon
Oil and Gas Technologies
1313 North Market Street
Wilmington, Delaware 19894-0001
(800) 345 0447
Archer Daniels Midland
4666 Faries Parkway
Decatur, Illinois 62526
(800) 637-5843
bruce.sebree@adm.com
ASAP Fluids Pvt. Ltd.
203-204, Kailash Commercial Complex,
L B S Marg, Vikhroli West,
Mumbai 400083
91-22-25789930
prakashmanve@asapfluids.com
Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids
2001 Rankin Road
Houston, Texas 77073
(713) 625-4200
dana.morrison@bakerhughes.com
Baroid Fluid Services
3000 North Sam Houston Parkway
Houston, Texas 77032
(281) 871-4135
kim.sharp@halliburton.com
BASF
3120 Hayes Road, Suite 200,
Houston, Texas 77082
(832) 775-7223
jordan.guidry@basf.com
Boysenblue/Celtec International Inc.
P.O. Box 53648
Lafayette, Louisiana 70505
(337) 233-1121
cathyp@boysenblue.com
Cabot Specialty Fluids
Cabot House
Hareness Circle
Altens Industrial Estate
Aberdeen AB12 3LY
Scotland
(44) 1224 897 229
lenus_king@cabot-corp.com
Cesco Chemical
100 Cesco Lane
Lafayette, Louisiana 70506
(337) 984-4227
frankm@cescochem.com


Chemstar Products Co.
3915 Hiawatha Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406-3203
(612) 722-0079
Chemtotal Pty Ltd.
Deepak Charan
deepak@chemtotal.com
Croda Inc.
300A Columbus Circle
Edison, New Jersey 08837
(732) 417-0800
Deep South Chemical Inc.
229 Millstone Rd
Broussard, Louisiana 70518
(337) 837-9931
warrenray@deep-south-chemical.com
Drilling Specialties Co./
Chevron Phillips LP
P.O. Box 4910
The Woodlands, Texas 77387-4910
(832) 813-1879
goldwds@cpchem.com
Drillsafe Janel Int.
Polanska 35
43-450 Ustron/Poland
(48) 33 854 3000
biuro@drillsafe.com.pl
Elkem AS, Materials
P.O. Box 8126 Vaagsbygd
N-4675 Kristiansand, Norway
chris.steele@elkem.no
Emery Oleochemicals GmbH
Henkelstrasse 67
40589 Duesseldorf, Germany
(49) 211 5611 2502
timo.baecker@emeryoleo.com
Grain Processing Corp.
1600 Oregon Street
Muscatine, Iowa 52761
(866) 268-3561
david_cali@grainprocessing.com
Gumpro Drilling Fluids Pvt Ltd.
LBS Marg, Vikhroli West
Mumbai 400 083, India
91-22-25793280
anandgupta@gumprodf.com
Impact Fluid Solutions
2800 Post Oak Blvd. Suite 2000
Houston, Texas 77056
(713) 964-7739
alan.gilmour@impactfluids.net
Kelco Oil Field Group
10920 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N., Ste. 800
Houston, Texas 77064
(713) 895-7575
KEMTRON Technologies Inc.
10050 Cash Road
Stafford, Texas 77477
(281) 261-5778
ray.pietramale@kemtron.com
Lamberti SPA
Via Marsala 38 Torre D
21013 Gallarate (VA)
Italy
(39) 0331-715701
stefano.crespi@lamberti.com
Lamberti USA Inc.
P.O. Box 1000
US 59 @ County Road 212
Hungerford, Texas 77448
(281) 342-5675
luigi.nicora@lamberti.com
Liquid Casing Inc.
P.O. Box 56324
Houston, Texas 77256-6324
(713) 785-0594
M&D Industries of Louisiana Inc.
P.O. Box 82007
Lafayette, Louisiana 70598-2007
(337) 984-0471
rcope@ultrasealinc.com
Mayco Wellchem Inc.
1525 North Post Oak Road
Houston, Texas 77055
(713) 688-2602
Messina Inc.
8131 LBJ Freeway, Suite 180
Dallas, Texas 75251
(214) 887-9600
jaime.ruivo@messinachemicals.com
M-I SWACO
5950 North Course Drive
Houston, Texas 77072
(713) 739-0222
slabelle@slb.com
Montello Inc.
6106 East 32nd Place, Suite 100
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135-5495
(800) 331-4628
leow@montelloinc.com
Newpark Drilling Fluids
16340 Park Ten Place, Suite 150
Houston, Texas 77084
281-754-8658
jrockwood@newpark.com
National Oilwell Varco
4310 N. Sam Houston Pkwy E.
Houston, Texas 77032
(713) 482-0566
Mark.Canlas@nov.com
Oleon N.V.
Industriezone Ter Straten
Vaartstraat 130
2520 Oelegem
Belgium
(32) 3 4706272
Michel.janssen@oleon.com
PQ Corp.
P.O. Box 840
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482
(610) 651-4200
Prime Eco Group Inc.
2933 Hwy 60 South
Wharton, Texas 77488
(979) 531-1100
guzmanf@primeecogroup.com
PT Indobent Wijaya Mineral
Desa Punung
Pacitan, Propinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia
62 81 330886381
QMax Solutions Inc.
1700, 407 2nd Street SW
Calgary, Alberta
(403) 269-2242
cibeziako@qmaxsolutions.com
Quaron N.V.
Industrieweg 27
1521NE Wormerveer
The Netherlands
(31) 75 6474500
jbouleij@quaron.com
Setac
5905 Johnston Street, Suite E
Lafayette, Louisiana 70503-5466
(337) 988-2236
setac@setac.com
Special Products & Mfg. Inc.
2625 Discovery Blvd
Rockwall, Texas 75032
(972) 771-8851
Strata Control Services Inc.
1811 West Mill Street
Crowley, Louisiana 70527-0272
(337) 785-0000
stratinc@bellsouth.net
Sun Drilling Products Corp.
503 Main Street
Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037
(504) 393-2778
ronc@sundrilling.com
TBC-Brinadd
4800 San Felipe
Houston, Texas 77056
(713) 877-2758
cmarceaux@tbc-brinadd.com
Tetra Technologies Inc.
24955 I-45 North
The Woodlands, Texas 77380
(281) 367-1983
sstroh@tetratec.com
Turbo-Chem International Inc.
P.O. Box 60383
Lafayette, Louisiana 70596
(337) 235-3098
dawn@turbochem.com
Venture Chemicals
P.O. Box 53631
Lafayette, Louisiana 70505
(337) 232-1977
Weatherford International Ltd.
2000 St. James Place
Houston, Texas 77056
(713) 836-4000
ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING & COMPLETION FLUIDS COMPANY LISTING
The 2013 Environmental Drilling and Completions Fluids
Directory is a listing of industry fluid manufacturers and their in-
dividual products. The directory is differentiated into 19 sections
based on type of fluid. Fifty participating companies and dis-
tributors are listed in the directory. Each listing includes new and
updated products provided by each company with a description
of the product and its general characteristics. With regulations
and guidelines for the North Sea operational sectors requiring
substances/preparations used and discharged offshore that are
considered to pose little or no risk (PLONOR) to the environment
listing and Harmonized Offshore Chemical Notification Format
(HOCNF) rating, this information is listed in the directory.
Environmental Drilling & Completion Fluids Directory
The accompanying survey is modified to accommodate for space.
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com/surveys.html
1309off_58 58 9/4/13 4:33 PM
1309off_59 59 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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B A C T E R I A C I D E S
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
MAhACBE 575 Bacteriacide lor well treatments O.O1O.1% old Y Y
MLB0 lutaraldehyde bactericide O.1.O8% Y
MLB0 hS Broad sectrum biocide lor horth Sea O.1.O8% Y
XCBE SERES Biocide series varies
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
ALBACBE Biocidelutaraldehyde solution O.2O.5 Y Y
STARCBE Microbiocide solution O.8O.5 Y
STARCBEF Microbiocide O.O5O.25 Y
BASF, CHEMTOTAL, DEEP SOUTH CHEMICAL, DRILLSAFE JANEL, GUMPRO, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES,
LAMBERTI SPA, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
M CBE honb.S. Biocide 1.O8.O h h
SAFECBE honb.S. Biocide O.1O.5 Y h
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
MYACBE 25A Bacteriacide O.O5 Y
XCBE 2O7 ranular microbiocide O.O175 Y
QMAX, QUARON N.V., SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
B0CBE Antimicrobial
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
B0CLEAR 1OOO BBFhA last actinq, qeneral urose O.O1
C O MP L E T I O N F L U I D S , C L E A R F L U I D S , B R I N E S
AQUALON
A0bAFL0 Lv hiqh viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFL0 hv Low viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC L0bB Environmental lriendly anhydrous O.54 B Y Y
AquaFAC susension
A0bAFAC Lv Low viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC REbLAR hiqh viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC bLv bltraLowviscosityFremiumFolyanioniccellulose O.252 Y Y
EC0BbRA FL0h0R rated aqueous hEC susensions 11O Y Y
hATR0S0L 21O hhX bltra hiqh viscosity and Fast hydratinq hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L25OhhRF bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L hvS bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L L0bB Environmental lriendlyanhydroushECsusension 15 B Y Y
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, ASAP FLUIDS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
AMM0hbMChL0RBE hh4Cl ammonium chloride 8.4O.5 lb/qal E Y
hYCAL Calcium chloride solution to 11.G q E Y
hYCAL Calcium chloride/ calcium E Y
bromide sol. to 15.1 q
hYCAL SB Calcium bromide solution to 14.2 q E Y
hYCAL Calcium chloride/calcium bromide/ B
/incbromide solution to 1O.2 q (Zn)
hYCAL SB Calcium bromide//inc bromide B
solution to 1O.2 q (Zn)
h0CAL Sodium chloride solution to 1O.O q E Y
h0CAL Sodium chloride/bromide sol. to 12.8 q E Y
h0CAL SB Sodium bromide solution to 12.8 q E Y
h0CAL K Fotassium chloride solution to O.7 q E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Fotassium lormate brines to 18.1 q E Y
S0BbM F0RMATE Sodium lormate brines to 11.O q E Y
bLTRA SS BKB inhibit salt aqqlomeration in saturated lluid 5%
with 11O and 22Ob excess salt
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARABRhE BEF0AM Brine deloamer O.O5 O.25 Y
BARABRhE S Scale inhibitor lor clear brines O.O25O.O5
BARABbF h Buller O.12.O Y Y Y
BARAC0R 1OO Filmlorminq brine corrosion inhibitor 1% Y Y
BARAC0R 45O hT corr. inhibitor lor >2% /inc brines O.2O.4% Y Y
BARAC0R 7OOE Corrosion inhibitor lor monovalent brines O.52.O Y Y
BARAKLEAh Beqreaser and oil mud remover As needed Y
BARAKLEAh BbAL wellbore cleaner lor dislacement Y
BARAKLEAh FL wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h
2
O Y
BARAKLEAh FL FLbS wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h
2
O Y
BARAKLEAhhSFLbS wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h
2
O Y
BARAKLEAh 0LB wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h
2
O Y
BARAFLb Si/ed sodium chloride 1O2OO Y Y Y
2O, 5O, G/8OO
BARARESh Si/ed oil soluble bridqinq articles 5.O2O.O
BARAREShvS 0il mud viscosilier 8.O2O.O Y
BARASCRbB Terene derived well cleaner As needed Y
BARAS0RB 0iladsorbant lor brine reclamation As needed Y
BARAvS hEC lor brine viscosilication 18 Y Y Y
BARAZAh Xanthan qum O.12.O Y Y Y
BARAZAh B Bisersion enhanced xanthan qum O.12.O Y Y Y
BARAZAh B FLbS Bisersion enhanced xanthan O.12.O Y Y Y
BARAZAh L Xanthan qum in liquid disersion lorm O.54.O Y Y
BR0MvS hECliquid lorm lor brine viscosilication 5.O2O.O Y
FL0CLEAh MB Flocculant lor calcium brines 18 vol%
FL0CLEAh Z Flocculant lor /inc brines 18 vol%
h0 BL0K C Emulsion reventor lor non/inc brines O.11 vol% Y
h0 BL0K Z Emulsion reventor lor /inc brines O.11 vol%
0XY0h 0xyqen scavenqer O.1O.2 Y Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
CESbM ACETATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q)
CESbM F0RMATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q) E h
CESbM F0RMATE/ Bensity to 2.42 sq (2O.18 q)
ACETATE BLEhB
MXEB F0RMATES Bensities lrom 1.O sq to 2.8 sq E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Bensity to 1.57 sq (18 q) E Y h
S0BbM F0RMATE Bensity to 1.8 sq (1O.8 q) E Y Y
CHEMSTAR, DEEP SOUTH CHEMICAL, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., EMERY, GUMPRO,
IMPACT FLUID SOLUTIONS, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES,
LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, LIQUID CASING, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
BREAKB0wh Chelantbased cleanu system System
BREAKB0wh 7 heutral tosliqhtlybasicchelant cleanusystem System
BREAKB0wh hB hiqh density chelant based cleanu system System
BREAKFREE En/ymebased cleanu system System
C0h00R 1O1 waterdisersible amine lor ackers 84 h h
C0h00R 2O2B Filmlorminq amine lor drillstrinq alication 515 qal sluqs h h
C0h00R 8O8A Brine soluble lilminq amine 14 h Y Y
C0h00R 4O4 0rqanic inhibitor lor all wBM O.2O.5 Y h
BEEFCLEAh Solvent/surlactant wash chemical 0/SBM 52O% Y Y Y
BEEFCLEAh hS Solvent/surlactant wash chemical 0/SBM 52O% Y Y
BS0LvER Chelant To 75vol%
BS0LvER B Bry Chelant 1O25%wt Y
BS0LvER hB hiqh density Chelant 1O4Ovol% Y
BS0LvER 7 heutral to sliqhtly basic chelant To 8Ovol%
BS0LvER FLbS Chelant/acid blend To 85vol%
BSTR0YER nternal oxidi/er breaker roduct O.52.O
BSTRbCT0R 0rqanicacidrecursorusedinFAZAwAYorFAZE0bT >8Ovol%
breakersystemstoremoveFAZEFR0liltercake
B0wFR0ST M nsulatinq acker lluid lor deewater As needed
Bb0vS Shear thinninq viscosilier 14 Y Y
Bb0vS L Liquid Shear thinninq viscosilier 15 Y Y
FLTER FL0C Flocculant O.O12% h h
FL0vS FLbS Shear thinninq viscosilier 18 Y Y
FL0vS L Liquid Shear thinninq viscosilier .51.5 Y Y
S0ThERM 0ilbase insulatinq acker lluids Y
0S1L Sullitebased oxyqen scavenqer O.1O.5 Y Y
SAFEBREAK G11 honemulsilier O.12% h h
SAFEBREAK CBF Emulsion reventer lor brine O.11.O% h h
SAFEBREAK S Folymer breaker O.OO2O.O1 h h
SAFEBREAK ZhC Emulsion reventer lor /inc bromide brine O.11.O% h h
SAFEC0R Aminebased corrosion inhibitor O.51% Y h
SAFEC0R C Modiliedcorrosioninhibitor, aminebaselor casinq 2.O h h
SAFEC0R Eh Modilied amine based corrosion inhibitor O.8 O.5%
SAFEC0R hT norqanic thiocyanatebase corrosion O.OOO8G h h
inhibitor lor hiqhtemerature use
SAFEC0R Z FLbS Aminebase corrosion inhibitor O.51 h h
SAFEBF0AM Blended alcohol deloaminq aqent O.O8O.1G h h
SAFEFL0C Flocculant O.O12% h h
SAFELhK Cross link olymer LCM non /inc System h h
SAFELhK 11O Cross link olymer LCM non /inc 82 ails/1O bbl h h
SAFELhK 14O Cross link olymer LCM /inc 82 ails/1O bbl h h
SAFELhK 15O Cross link olymer LCM 82 ails/1O bbl
SAFELbBE watersoluble brine lubricant O.Gvol% h h
SAFELbBE Cw watersoluble brine lubricant lor cold weather O.Gvol%
SAFESCAv CA 0rqanic oxyqen scavenqer lor Cabased brines O.15 h h
SAFESCAv hS 0rqanic h
2
S scavenqer O.1 h h
SAFESCAv hSw 0rqanic h
2
S scavenqer containinq methanol O.1 h h
lor cold reqions
SAFESCAv hA Liquid bisullatebase oxyqen scavenqer O.1 h h
lor ha and K brines
SAFESCAvTE Calcium scale reventer O.158 h h
SAFES0Lv E Bislacement solvent b to 1OO%
SAFE S0Lv 0M Solvent/surlactant wash chemical 0/SBM 81O% h h
SAFESbRF E honionic wellbore cleaninq aqent lor 0BM 215%
SAFESbRF Eh wellbore cleaninq comound 52Ovol%
SAFESbRF hS wash chemical lor well dislacement 52Ovol%
SAFESbRF 0 Blend ol surlactants, solvents and water 82O% h h
wettinq aqents, lor well dislacement
SAFESbRF 0 Concentrated surlactant lor wellbore cleanu 22O% h h
SAFESbRF w Bislacement wash chemical lor wBM 11O% h h
SAFESbRF wE honionic surlactant blend 21O%
SAFESbRF wh Bislacement wash chemical lor wBM 11O%
SAFESbRF Y Bislacement wash chemical lor 0/SBM G12% Y
SAFETFCKLE Fie doe ickel solvent 1 h h
SAFEvS viscosilier lor brine O.54 Y h
SAFEvS E Liquid viscosilier lor brines 51O Y h
SAFEvS hBE Liquid viscosilier lor hiqhdensity brines 142O h h
SAFEvS LE Liquid viscosilier lor brines O.G1.2 qb h h
SAFEvS 0S Secially lormulated liquid hEC O.G1.2 qb
SAFEThERM nsulatinq acker lluid lor deewater As needed
SEALhFEAL nside acker lluid loss control FLC Fill
S1OOO Blended scale inhibitor O.O5 h h Y
Sv12O hydroqen sullide scavenqer lor cold climates 15 h h
wELLZYME A En/yme breaker w/ biocide lor wB RBFs 25 vol% h h
wELLZYME En/yme breaker w/ biocide lor RBFs 15 vol% h h
MONTELLO For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
AMBAS0L Barium sullate dissolver 255O%
Maqnesium 0xide Fh stabili/er O.2
FR0ChECK Corrosion inhibitor lilminq amine 8O qal/1OO bbl
FR0ChECK hT Corrosion inhibitor hT/heavy brine 55 qal/4OO
TRbFLbSh well wash 55 qal/1OO bbl
AM0hbM ChL0RBE Salt As needed
FR0ChECK 02 0xyqen scavenqer
AMSCALE Corrosion inhibitor 1O%
GO Of fshore Setember 2O18

www.offshore-mag.com
1309off_60 60 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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WERE ALREADY THERE.
The anglersh thrives in the deepest parts of the ocean, attracting prey with a bioluminescent
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most challenging deepwater wells.
Learn how Newpark can help you reach even greater depths at
www.newparkdf.com.
1309off_61 61 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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62 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
h0v FBER Fluid loss 1/1O
EMB Bislacement chemical (solvent)
AMvS hTE Bislacement chemical (viscosilier)
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8%
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8%
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8%
BREAKER I HEC breaker 0.25-2
BREAKER II HEC breaker
CALCbM BR0MBE Salt As needed
CALCbM ChL0RBE Salt As needed
CLEAN DRILL C Drill-in fluid - calcium carbonate system
CLEAN DRILL HD Drill-in fluid (high density brines) -
calcium carbonate system
EhZYME hEC breaker 2O o//2O bbl
FBERvS viscosilier extender O.5/1O
hECSAv Thermal stabili/er O.51%
MAMA FBER Lost circulation material 525
MYACBE 25A Bacteriacide 5 qal/1OO bbl
h0v CARB C Calcium carbonate As needed
h0v CARB F Calcium carbonate As needed
h0v CARB M Calcium carbonate As needed
F0AM0bT Beloamer O.25/1OO bbl
hECvS L viscosilier liquid O.254
h0v XAh B viscosilier dry owder O.254
h0v XAh TB viscosilier O.252
h0v XAh T viscosilier O.252
PERM-CON Brine surfactant
FhB0wh h stabili/er deressor 1/1O
FhbF h stabili/er 1/1O
F0TASSbMChL0RBE Salt As needed
SCALEhB Scale inhibitor 2.5O%
SB8OO honionic surlactant 5%
S0BbM BR0MBE Salt As needed
S0BbM ChL0RBE Salt As needed
OLEON N.V., PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, QUARON N.V., SPECIAL PRODUCTS, SUN DRILLING
PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ACETC ACB Mild orqanic acid
BbFF1O Controlled sloubility Mq0 buller h
BbFFG 0rqaniccarboxylicacidtobullerhtomoderateacid
CALCbM BR0MBE Calcium bromide 11.715.1
CALCbM ChL0RBE Calcium chloride 8.G11.G
CAbSTC S0BA Base
CTC ACB Comlex orqanic acid
hC00K Fotassium lormate, O7%
hC00hA Sodium lormate, O7%
hYBR0ChL0RCACB Stronq mineral acid
KCl Fotassium chloride, OO%
LME Base
MAhESbM 0XBE Base
hACL Brillers' salt
hACL Sodium chloride evaorated salt
hh4CL Ammonium chloride, OO%
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Fotassium lormate 8.418.1
F0TASSbM Base
HYDROXIDE
S0BA ASh hiqh urity anhydrous sodium carbonate
S0BbM BR0MBE Sodium bromide 1O12.7
S0BbM F0RMATE Sodium lormate 8.411
ZhBR2/CABR2 1O.2 Zinc bromide and calcium bromide solutions 14.51O.2
SOLUTIONS
ZhBR2/CABR2 2O.5 Zinc bromide and calcium bromide solutions 14.52O.5
SOLUTIONS
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA G177 Frimary well disersinq lluid, low tox..
CLEAR F0RM K Fotassiumlormatecomletionanddrillinqlluidbase h
C O R R O S I O N I N H I B I T O R S
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
BRhEFAC 25O Corrosion inhibitor lor solidslree lluids 51Oqal/1OO
BRhEFAC XTS Corrosion nhibitor lor solidslree lluids 12 qal/1OO bbl
LAThB Carbon dioxide scavenqer 1.54 b
MLARB Corrosion nhibitor 18 b
MIL-GARD FE H
2
S extractor 5.5 qal/1OO Y
MLARB L Zinc chelated sullide scavenqer 5.5 qal/1OO
MLARB XFR hydroqen sulhide scavenqer lor hS use varies old
h0XYC0R Corrosion inhibitor lor water based and varies
air/mist/loam drillinq alications
h0XYEh L Liquid oxyqen scavenqer 75125 m
h0XYEh hA Liq. oxyqen scavenqer sodium bisullite 25O m Y Y
h0XYEh XT 0rqanic oxyqen scavenqer As needed
0hR AC Acidcorrosioncontrol lortheMCR0wAShSystem O.751%
OHR ACE Acidcorrosioncontrol forMICRO-WASH-enviro. safe O.51% Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARABRhE S Scale inhibitor lor clear brines .O25.O5
BARAC0R O5 Corrosion inhibitor and C02 remover O.252.O Y Y
BARAC0R 1OO Filmlorminq corrosion inhibitor O.O1 Y Y
BARAC0R 45O hT corr. inhibitor lor >2% /inc brines O.2O.4% Y Y
BARAC0R 7OO Corrosion inhibitor lor monovalent brines O.51.5 Y
BARAC0R 7OOE Corrosion inhibitor lor monovalent brines O.52.O Y Y
BARAFLM Filminq amine 1.G w/0 Y
BARASCAvB Fowdered oxyqen scavenqer O.1O.5 Y Y Y
BARASCAvL Liquid oxyqen scavenqer O.1O.5 Y Y Y
h0SbLF Zinc comound lor sullide scavenqinq 1.O4.O Y
0XY0h 0xyqen scavenqer O.1 Y
S0bRSCAv hydroqen sullide scavenqer 14 Y
BASF, CRODA, DRILLSAFE JANEL, GUMPRO, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
C0h00R 1O1 waterdisersible amine lor ackers 84 h h
C0h00R 2O2B Filmlorminq amine lor drill strinq alication 515 qal sluqs h h
C0h00R 8O8A Brinesoluble lilminq amine 14 Y h Y
C0h00R 4O4 0rqanic inhibitor lor all wBM O.2O.5 Y h
SULFATREAT DFS H
2
S scavenqer 2O.O
0S1L Sullitebase oxyqen scavenqer O.1O.5 Y Y
REFLEX Anionic scavenqer lor BRLFLEX system O.25O.5
SAFEC0R Aminebase corrosion inhibitor O.51.O% Y h
SAFEC0R C Modiliedcorrosioninhibitor, aminebaselor casinq O.25O.5% h h
SAFEC0R Eh Aminebase corrosion inhibitor O.O51.O% h h
SAFEC0R hT norqanic thiocyanatebase corrosion O.OOO8G h h
inhibitor for high-temperature use
SAFEC0R Z FLbS Aminebase corrosion inhibitor O.51 h h
SAFESCAv CA 0rqanic oxyqen scavenqer lor Cabase brines O.15 h h
SAFE-SCAV HS Organic H
2
S scavenqer O.1 h h
SAFE-SCAV HSW Organic H
2
S scavenqer w/ methanol O.1 h h
SAFESCAv hA Liquid bisullatebase oxyqen scavenqer O.1 h h
for Na and K brines
SAFESCAvTE Calcium scale inhibitor O.158 h h
SAFESCAvTE Calcium scale reventer O.158 h h
S1OOO Blended scale inhibitor O.O5 h h Y
SV-120 Cold climate H
2
S scavenqer 15 h h
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
hEwARM0R Filmlorminq amine 515qal/1OObbl
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
FR0ChECK Filminq amine 8O/1OO Y
FR0ChECK hT norqanic liquid stable @ 45O 55/1OO Y
FR0ChECK 02 0xyqen scavenqer +B5GG O.O2 Y
PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, SPECIAL PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
B0CBE Antimicrobial
C0RSAF SF Corrosion inhibitor
0XBAh 0xyqen scavenqer
0XBAh hB 0xyqen scavenqer lor mid to heavy lluids
FAYZ0hE S18O Fhoshonate scale inhibitor
TETRAH
2
S SCAVENGER H
2
S Scavenqer O.18
TETRAhB Multicomonent inorqanic lilm lormer
TETRAhB FLbS norqanic
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA 1OG4 hiqh solids tolerant oxyqen scavenqer O.O1O.O5
ALFhA 1214 Corrosion inhibitor lor brines O.O1O.O5
ALFhA 2OG8 hiqh temerature corrosion inhibitor O.252
ALFhA 2275 0xyqen corrosion inhibitor low tox.. O.O2O.O5
ALFhA 22OG 0xyqen corrosion inhibitor low tox.. O.O2O.O5
ALFhA 28G7 hiqh solids scale inhibitor 251OOO m
ALFhA 8OGO Facker lluid inhibitor O.252
ALFhA 8887 Brill ie batch corrosion inhibitor
ALFhA 8412 Bown hole or drill ie corrosion inhibitor
ALFhA 8444 Bown hole or drill ie corrosion inhibitor
ALFhA G415 Brill ie corrosion inhibitor O.O1O.O5
SbLFACLEAR 81OO h
2
S scavenqer O.51.5
SbLFACLEAR 8411C h
2
S scavenqer O.O11.5
SbLFACLEAR 8G4O h
2
S scavenqer O.O11.5
D E F O A ME R S
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, ASAP FLUIDS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
BEF0AMER Beloaminq aqent lor comletion lluids As needed
LB8 honhydrocarbonbased deloamer As needed Y
for water-based fluids
LB8e horthSeacomliant deloamerlorwaterbasedlluids As needed Y
LBO Beloamer lor bothlresh&saltwater drillinqlluids As needed
LB1O Silicone based deloamer lor lresh As needed
& saltwater drilling fluids
LD-S Silicone based defoamer for fresh
& saltwater drilling fluids
w.0. BEF0AM Alcoholbased comound lor deloaminq O.1 qal/bbl Y
water-based fluids
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARABEF0AM 1 Alcohol and latty acid blend O.O5O.2 Y
BARABEF0AM hF Folyroylene qlycol O.O5O.8 Y
BARABEF0AM w8OO Alcohol and latty acid blend O.O5O.2 Y
BARABRhE BEF0AM honionic surlactant blend lor brines O.O5O.2 Y
F0AM ZAFFER Blend ol renewable resource roducts O.O5O.2 Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL, CRODA, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., DRILLSAFE JANEL,
GUMPRO, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
BEF0AMA Alcoholbase deloamer O.1O.5 h h
BEF0AMX Liquid low toxicity deloamer O.1O.5 Y h h
BEF0AM hA Allurose deloamer
BAhTF0AM Antiloaminq aqent lor the BFR0 system O.8 qal/bbl
hbLLF0AM Beloamer O.8 qal/bbl
SAFEBF0AM Blended alcohol deloaminq aqent O.O8O.1G h h
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
h0F0AM A Alcoholbased Y
h0F0AM X Multiluntional Y
1309off_62 62 9/4/13 4:33 PM
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www.offshore-mag.com Setember 2O18 Of fshore G8
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
ALbMhbMSTEARATE Surlace actinq aqent O.O5 Y
F0AM0bT water base mud deloamer O.25 Y
QMAX, SETAC, SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
F0AMBLAST Concentrated liquid deloamer O.12 Y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
BEF0AM hB Beloamer
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA 2825 BABF 0rqanic deloamer 255OO m
D E N S I T Y / V I S C O S I F I E R S
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
CYBERvS Bw Folymeric rheoloqical modilyier O.252.5 Y
CYBERvS RM Folymeric rheoloqical modilyier 4 Y
Ev0M0B hFhT synthetic lowend rheoloqy mod. O.12 Y
Ev0vS hFhT olymeric rheoloqy modilier O.25G Y
AEvS MM0 O.81.2 Y
hBFT 255 bioolymer liquid O.12 Y
hEwBAR 4.2 S barite Y
hEwEL Montmorillonite 58O Y
hEwEL hT bntreated montmorillonite 58O Y
hEwwATE 4.1 S barite Y
hEwZAh B Bioolymer O.22 Y
0FTvS RM Folymeric rheoloqical modilyier 4
D R I L L - I N F L U I D
AQUALON
A0bAFL0 Lv hiqh viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFL0 hv Low viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC L0bB Environmental lriendlyanhydrousAquaFACsusension O.5O4 B Y Y
A0bAFAC Lv Low viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC REbLAR hiqh viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC bLv bltraLowviscosityFremiumFolyanioniccellulose O.252 Y Y
EC0BbRA FL0h0R rated aqueous hEC susensions 11O Y Y
hATR0S0L 18O R Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L 21O hhX bltra hiqh viscosity and Fast hydratinq hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O EXR Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O XR Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L25OhhRF bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O LR bltra low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose Y Y
hATR0S0L L0bB Environmental lriendlyanhydroushECsusension 15 B Y Y
hATR0S0L hvS bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, ASAP FLUIDS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
eoFACK 0il based qravel ack carrier system
MCR0CbRE E2 Cased hole remediation Y
MCR0wASh 0en hole remediation
MFA5O Microrime activator, 5O% varies
MFA1OO Microrime activator, 1OO% varies
MbBZYME S En/ymes to deqrade starch in lilter cakes O.4 qal/bbl
MbBZYME X En/ymes to deqrade xanthan qum in lilter cakes 2 qal/bbl
0MhFL0w BF nvert Emulsion Reservoir Brillin lluid
FERFFL0w LB Low density drilln lluid
FERFFL0w CM Brillin lluid customi/ed bridqinq
FERFFL0w BF Brillin lluid Y Y
FLbLFT Multistaqe comosite lrac luq drillout system
FRME 1OO wellbore 0BM dislacement additive Y
FRME 77O wellbore 0BM dislacement additive Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
ALBACBE lutaraldehyde solution O.2O.5 Y Y
BARABL0K Fowdered qilsonite, wallcake enhancer 5.O85.O Y Y Y
BARABL0K 4OO hitem owdered qilsonite 5.O85.O Y
BARABbF h buller O.12.O Y Y Y
BARACARB 5,25,5O, Si/ed acidsoluble marble 5.OGO.O Y Y Y
15O,4OO,GOO,12OO
BARACARB BF 5, 25, Si/ed acidsoluble marble 5.OGO.O Y Y Y
5O, 15O, GOO
BARACTvE Folar activator lor alloil systems 4.O7.O Y Y Y
BARABEF0AM hF Folyroylene qlycol O.O5O.8 Y
BARABRLh BRLh system, water based System Y
BARAFLb2O,5O,G/8OO Si/ed salt 1O2OO Y Y Y
BRhEBRLh BRLh system, brine based System
C0REBRLh BRLh system, 1OO% oil/synthetic System
BRLh STM RBFcontaininqadditivetoimrovereservoirroducibility
BbRAT0hE hT 0il mud liltration control additive 2.O2O.O Y
BbRAT0hE E 0il mud liltration control additive 2.O2O.O Y Y
EZC0RE Fatty acid assive emulsilier lor alloil 1.O4.O Y
MAXBRLh BRLh system, mixed metal silicate System
hBRL hT FLbS Modilied starch 2.OG.O Y Y Y
hFLEX Activator lor hS0bEEZE 4 Y
hSEAL norqanic LCM 5.O8O.O Y
hS0bEEZE Lost circulation material 8.O4O.O Y Y Y
hvS Bioolymer O.52.O Y
hvS h Mixed metal silicates 1 Y
hvS L Liquid xanthan disersion O.258.O Y
hvS 0 0rqanohilic clay viscosilier 1.OG.O
hvS F FLbS Bioolymer/modilied starch 2.O8.O Y Y
0bCKBRLh BRLh system, modilied olymer with LSRv System
ShEARBRLh BRLhsystem, claylreewithmodiliedolymers System
S0LbBRLh BRLh system, olymer/si/ed salt System
BASF For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
CESbM ACETATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q)
CESbM F0RMATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q) E h
CESbM F0RMATE/ Bensity to 2.42 sq (2O.18 q)
ACETATE BLEhB
MXEB F0RMATES Bensities lrom 1.O sq to 2.8 sq E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Bensity to 1.57 sq (18.O q) E Y h
S0BbM F0RMATE Bensity to 1.8 sq (1O.8 q) E Y Y
CHEMSTAR, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., EMERY, GUMPRO, IMPACT FLUID SOLUTIONS,
KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, LAMBERTI SPA, LIQUID CASING, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
BREAKB0wh Chelantbased cleanu system System
BREAKB0wh 7 heutral tosliqhtlybasicchelant cleanusystem System
BREAKB0wh hB hiqh density chelant based cleanu system System
BREAKFREE En/ymebased cleanu system System
BS0LvER Chelant To 75 vol%
BS0LvER 7 heutral to sliqhtly basic chelant To 8Ovol%
BS0LvER B Bry Chelant 1O25%wt Y
BS0LvER hB hiqh density Chelant 2O85% Y
BS0LvER FLbS Chelant/acid blend To 85 vol%
BSFERSE SurlactantlorBREAKFREE andBREAKB0whsystems O.251 vol%
BSTR0YER nternal oxidi/er breaker roduct O.52.O
BAhTF0AM Antiloaminq aqent lor the BFR0 system O.O8 qal/bbl
BBALAhCE viscosilier lor the BFR0 system O.252
BB00ST Secondary viscosilier lor the BFR0 system .O8.OG qal/bbl
BhhB Shale inhibitor lor the BFR0 system 8% by vol
BL0K RheoMod lor BFR0 LB system
BFLEX LowendrheoloqymaintainerlorBFR0LBsystems
BFR0 hiqhdensity, lowsolids, divalent brineRBFsystem System
BFR0 LB Lowdensity, BFR0 system System
BTR0L Filtration control aqent lor the BFR0 system 8.O
BRLFLEX Biverse Mixed Metal 0xide system System
BRLFLEX MM0 viscosilier 18 Y
BbALFL0 FCA lor the FL0FR0 hT system 4G h h Y
BbALFL0 hT FCA lor hiqhtemerature alications 27
Bb0TEC Xanthan qum, disersible, nonclarilied O.252 Y h
Bb0TEC hS Xanthan qum, disersible, clarilied O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS Xanthan qum, disersible, nonclarilied O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS L Liquilied xanthan qum, nonclarilied O.25O.5 y h
Bb0vS hS Xanthan qum, nondisersible, nonclarilied O.252 Y h Y
lor use in the horth Sea
Bb0vS FLbS Xanthan qum, disersible, nonclarilied O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS FLbS hS Xanthan qum, nondisersible, nonclarilied O.252 Y h Y
lor use in the horth Sea
FAZEAwAY nvertemulsionbreakersystemlorFAZEFR0system System Y
FAZEBREAK Belayed cleanu system lor FAZEFR0 system System
FAZE0bT Belayed breaker system lor FAZEFR0 system System Y
FAZEMbL Emulsilier lor FAZEFR0 System 812 h h
FAZEMbL Cw Emulsilier lor FAZEFR0 System in cold weather 812
FAZEFR0 Reversible invert emulsion lluid system System
FAZEwET wettinq aqent lor FAZEFR0 System 24 h h
FAZEwET Cw wettinqaqent lor FAZEFR0Systemincoldweather 24
FL0FLEX Fluid loss additive lor BRLFLEX System 2G Y h Y
FL0FR0 hT Minimal solids, nondamaqinq wB RBF system System
FL0FR0 SF Solidslree nondamaqinq wB RBF system System
FL0ThRb Minimal solids, nondamaqinq wB RBF system System Y
FL0ThRb SF Solidslree nondamaqinq wB RBF system System Y
FL0TR0L Modilied starch derivative 24 Y Y Y
FL0vS L hondisersible, clarilied Xanthan qum .25.5 qal/bbl
FL0vS hT hondisersible, nonclarilied Xanthan qum .251.5
FL0vS FLbS FremiumclariliedXanthanlor FL0FR0hTsystems O.52.5 h h
FL0wATE Si/ed salt weiqhtinq aqent lor FL0FR0 system 4OGO h h
K52 honchloride otassium sulement 15 h h Y
lor FL0FR0 hT systems
KLACbRE hydration suressant lor FL0FR0 hT systems 48 h Y Y
KLACbRE hydration suressant with deterqent 48 h h
KLAARB Shale inhibitor and hydration suressant 48 h Y Y
lor FL0FR0 hT systems
KLAARB B Saltlree KLAARB 48 h h Y
KLAST0F Liquid olyamine shale inhibitor 14 vol%
LbBE1G7 Lowtoxicity lubricant lor FL0FR0 hT system 41G h Y Y
LbBE77G Lubricant lor LShB muds 18 vol%
LbBE O45 wBM lubricant 18 vol%
LbBE XLS Extreme ressure lubricant 1G Y
h0vAFR0 Synthetic olelinbase RBF system System
0FTTRAK GOO MBT tracer 1OOOmq/l liltrate
FARAFR0 Farallinbase RBF system System
F0wERvS Bioolymer viscosilier O.8751.25 Y
SAFEBREAK S Folymer breaker O.OO2O.O1 h h
SAFEBREAK MF nternal breaker used in olymerbase lluids O.54.O Y
SAFECARB round marble weiqhtinq/bridqinq aqent 1O5O Y h
SAFECBE Biocide O.1O.5 Y h
SAFELbBE watersoluble brine lubricant O.Gvol% h h
SAFELbBE Cw watersoluble brine lubricant lor cold weather O.Gvol%
SAFES0Lv 148 Bislacement solvent 81O vol% h
STARLBE Lubricant and R0F enhancer 18 vol%
vERSA0bT/h0vA0bT Breaker system lor vERSAFR0 and h0vAFR0 System Y
vERSAwAY/h0vAwAY nvertemulsion breaker system System Y
lor vERSAFR0 and h0vAFR0
vERSAFR0 0ilbase RBF system System
vERSAFR0 LS Lowsolids oilbase RBF system System
wELLZYME A En/ymebreakerwithbiocidelorwaterbaseRBFlluids 25% h h
wELLZYME En/ymebreakerwithout biocidelorwaterbaseRBFlluids 21O% h h
1309off_63 63 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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64 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
CLEAh BRLL C Brillin lluid calcium carbonate system
CLEAh BRLL hB Brillin lluid (hiqh density brines)
calcium carbonate system
OLEON N.V., PQ CORP., PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, QUARON N.V., SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
FAYZ0hE BF/F cleanu
CLEANUP TRMT
FAYZ0hE CMTX MqCl2 cement contaminant control
PAYZONEDFSLICKPILL Solids lree lluid
PAYZONE DF-CC DF using CaCO
3
bridqinq mtl. Y
FAYZ0hE BFLT Low toxicity lluid Y
FAYZ0hE BFSS BF usinq haCl bridqinq mtl. Y
FAYZ0hE RAvEL BF/F simultaneous cleanu
PACK TRMT
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA 4188 Emulsilier
ALFhA 418O Emulsilier
E MU L S I F I E R S
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
CARB0MbL hT hiqhtemerature emulsilier and wettinq aqent 2.O 28.8L/m
3

CARB0MbL hTh hiqhtemerature emulsilier and 2.O 28.8L/m
3

wetting agent for Norway
hEXTMbL hT hiqh Temerature, rimary emulsilier O.518 L/m
3

for invert emulsion system
MP-MUL Primary emulsifier for invert emulsion system
ECC0MbL R Emulsilier lor invertemulsion systems O.5O.75qal/bbl
CARB0MbL LT Lowtemerature emulsilier and wettinq aqent O.51.5 b
CARB0TEC hiqhtemerature anionic emulsilier 14.84O.5L/m
3

CARB0TEC LT Low Tem. sulemental emulsilier bto14.8L/m
3

CARB0TEC "S" Sulemental emulsilier and viscosilier bto14.8L/m
3

ECC0MbL E Emulsilier lor invertemulsion systems 128G L/m
3

MAMAvERT Emulsilier lor MAMATE0 extreme 1245 L/m
3
Y
HPHT emulsion system
hEXTMbL Frimary emulsilier lor the hEXTBRLL system O.518 L/m
3

0MhMbL hiqh tem. emulsilier and wettinq aqent 128G L/m
3
Y Y
for synthetic muds
0MhMbL 2 Emulsiler lor synthetic drillinq lluids .51 qal/bbl
0MhTEC Anioic emulsilier lor synthetic drillinq lluids 144O L/m
3

0MhvERT Sulemental emulsilier O.51.5 FFB
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BAR0MbL 2OO, 8O8 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
BR0MMbL Brineinoil emulsilier G Y
BRLTREAT 0il wettinq aqent O.252.O Y Y Y
EZ MbL 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
EZ MbL 2F 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
EZ MbL hT 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O Y Y
EZ MbL hS 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
EZ MbL R 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
EZC0RE Fatty acid assive emulsilier lor alloil 1.O4.O Y
FACTAhT 0il mud emulsilier/liltration control aqent 1.O4.O Y Y
F0RMbLABE Emulsilier lor synthetic lluids 2.O8.O
F0RTMbL 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O
hvERMbL 0il mud emulsilier 4.O12.O
hvERMbL hT 0il mud emulsilier 4.O12.O Y Y
LE SbFERMbL Emulsilier lor synthetic lluids 2.O12.O Y
FERF0RMbL 0il mud emulsilier 2.O12.O Y Y
DRILLSAFE JANEL, EMERY, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
ACTMbL RB Bry emulsilier and wettinq aqent in diesel G1O
EC0REEh F Frimary emulsilier lor EC0REEh system 2G Y h
EC0REEh S Secondary emulsilier lor EC0REEh system 2G Y h
EMbL hT hThF emulsilier lor vERSABRL and 48 h h
VERSACLEAN systems
FAZEMbL Emulsilier lor FAZEFR0 system 812 h h
FAZEwET wettinq aqent lor FAZEFR0 System 24 h h
M 157 Sulemental emulsilier O.52 h h
MEAMbL Basic emulsilier and wettinq aqent 412
in MEGADRIL system
MbL hTF Frimary emulsilier lor neqative alkalinity system 14 h h
h0vAMbL Frimaryemulsilier&wettinqaqent lorsyntheticlluids 28 h h Y
h0vAFR0 F/S Frimary emulsilier G1O
h0vAwET wettinq aqent lor synthetic muds 15 h h Y
h0vATEC F Frimary emulsilier lor h0vATEC system 2G h h
h0vATEC S Secondary emulsilier lor h0vATEC system 2G h h
0hEMbL emulsion stability, wettinq aqent, 81O
filtration control, and temperature stabilizer
0LFAZE Sacked oilbase concentrate 5O h h
FARAMbL Frimaryemulsilierlor0BMandSBMFARAsystems G 1O.2
SbREMbL Frimary emulsilier lor SBM systems G1O.2 h h Y
SbREMbL Eh Frimary emulsilier lor SBM systems G1O.2
SbREMbL FLbS Frimary emulsilier in RhELAhT FLbS system 81O
vERSAC0AT wettinqaqent &emulsilier invERSA 0il systems 18 h h
vERSAC0AT hF 0rqanic surlactant emulsilier lor oil muds in hT 18 h h
vERSAC0AT hA hiqh llash oint emulsilier lor oil muds 18 h h
vERSAMbL Frimaryemulsilier &wettinqaqent, liquidblend 41O h h
of emulsifiers, wettingagents, gellingagents
andfluid stabilizers
vERSAFR0 F/S Frimary emulsilier, secondary wettinq aqent G1O h h
in VERSAPRO system
vERSAwET wettinq aqent lor 0BM 14 h h
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
CYBERC0AT Surlactant & sulimental emulilier O.52 Y
CYBERMbL Low toxicity emulsilier 4G Y
CYBERFLbS Low toxicity emulsilier 812 Y
CYBERTR0L Folymeric hFhT liltration control aqent 15 Y
0FTMbL 0rqanic emulsilier 28
0FTFLbS 0rqanic emulsilier 28
0FTThh 0rqanic thinner O.15
0FTwET Blend ol emulsilyinq & wettinq aqents O.258
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
FETR0MbL Frimary emulsilier 28
FETR0MbL Secondary emulsilier 28
EC0SYh FE Frimary emulsilier lor synthetics 28
EC0SYh SE Secondary emulsilier lor synthetics 28
OLEON N.V., PRIME ECO GROUP, QMAX, SPECIAL PRODUCTS, SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA 188G wettinq liquid, low tox.. 15
ALFhA 8O8O viscosilier latty acid, low tox.. 14
ALFhA G151 Lubricant/rimary emulsilier, low tox.. 11O
ALFhA G15G Lubricant/drill oil lluid, low tox.. 11O
ALFhA G177 Secondary emulsilier/surlactant O.55
ALFhA G28O Frimary/secondary emulsilier, low tox.. 11O
ALFhA G45O 0il mud thinner O.58
ALFhA GGG2 Frimary/secondary emulsilier, low tox.. 11O
ALFhA GGGG Frimary/secondary emulsilier, low tox.. 11O
F I LT R AT I O N C O N T R O L A G E N T S
AKZO NOBEL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
AQUALON
A0bAFL0 Lv hiqh viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFL0 hv Low viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
AQUAPAC LIQUID Environmental friendlyanhydrousAquaPACsuspension O.5O4 B Y Y
A0bAFAC Lv Low viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC REbLAR hiqh viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC bLv bltraLowviscosityFremiumFolyanioniccellulose O.252 Y Y
EC0BbRA FL0h0R rated aqueous hEC susensions 11O Y Y
hATR0S0L 18O R Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L 21O hhX bltra hiqh viscosity and Fast hydratinq hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O EXR Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O XR Low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L25OhhRF bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L 25O LR bltra low viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose Y Y
hATR0S0L L0bB Environmental lriendlyanhydroushECsusension 15 B Y Y
hATR0S0L hvS bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
XXTRABbRA Extreme temeratures liltration control additive 15 Y Y
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
BBFL 44 hiqhtemerature starch 2G
B0L0SE Comlexed olysaccharide 24 b Y
B0FA0 0rqanic derivative rovidinq liltration control 14 b Y
B0FA0 AR hiqh erlormance lluid loss control bioolymer 14 b
CARB0TR0L Clay swellinq & hydration suressant varies
CARB0TR0L 875 hiqhtemeratureliltrationreducerlorCARB0BRLL 2G b
CARB0TR0L AO honashaltic/olymeric hThF liltration reducer 51O b
ChEMTR0L X hT liltration control aqent lor waterbase lluids 2G b
BELTATR0L hT Starch lor FERFFL0w system 47 b
ECC0FA0 Lv Filtration control additive lor lreshwater systems O.52 b Y
FC8O Flake carbonate
KEMSEAL Coolymer lor hiqhtem. liltration control O.25G b Y
KEMSEAL FLbS Coolymer lor hT liltration control 12 b Y
MAMASEAL Fluid loss and sealinq additive lor MAMATE0 48 b
extreme HPHT emulsion system
MAMATR0L Folymeric lluid loss additive lor MAMATE0 O.57 b
extreme HPHT emulsion system
MAXTR0L Sullonated resin 28 b Y
MLFAC Lv Lowviscosity olyanionic cellulose 14 b
MLFAC LvT Low visc. techqrade olyanionic cellulose O.52 b
MLFAC Lv FLbS Saltwater tolerant lowviscosity olyanionic O.252 b
cellulose that meets API specifications
MLFAC R FLbS Saltwater tolerant olyanionic cellulose, O.254 b
regular viscosity
MLFAC R Folyanionic cellulose, reqular viscosity O.254 b Y
MLFAC RT Technical qrade olyanionic cellulose, O.58 b
regular viscosity, API spec
MLFAC bLv bltralow visc. olyanionic cellulose O.52 b
MLSTARCh Freqelatini/ed starch 15 b Y
MFTR0L Fluidlosscontrol additivelorinvert emulsionsystems 12b
hEwTR0L Sodium olyacrylate O.54 b Y
hEXTTR0L Fluidlosscontrol additivelorinvert emulsionsystems 12b
FERMAL0SE hT honlermentinq olymeri/ed starch 15 b Y
FYR0TR0L FR and lubricant in extreme hFhT O.252 b Y
water base applications
w818 Filtration reducer lor FERFFL0w system 57 b Y Y
XCB F0LYMER Biolymer As needed E Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
ABAFTA 0il mud liltration control coolymer 1.OG.O Y Y
ABAFTA 45O Extreme hThF EF liltrate reducer 1.OG.O
AK7O Ashaltic blend 5.O15.O Y
BARABL0K Fowdered qilsonite, wallcake enhancer 5.O85.O Y Y Y
BARABL0K 4OO hitem owdered qilsonite 5.O85.O Y Y Y
BARAhEX Modilied liqnin olymer 2.OG.O Y Y
BAR0TR0L FLbS Shale stabili/er 2.OG.O Y
B0REFLbS Shale inhibitor 1.O4.O Y
BXR Borehole stabili/er 4.O2O.O Y
BXRL Borehole stabili/er susension 8.O4O.O Y
1309off_64 64 9/4/13 4:34 PM


Maximize WBM performance or minimize
environmental impact? We do both.
Email: fluidcontrol@nov.com

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O n e C o m p a n y . . . U n l i m i t e d S o l u t i o n s
Onshore or deepwater, NOV FluidControls highly inhibitive water-based
dri||ing uid systems consistent|y give you performance approaching that of
an oi|-based mud without the environmenta| restrictions and costs.
POLYTRAXX delivers exceptional drilling rates in onshore
shale plays while saving as much as $300,000 per well in
waste disposal costs.
For more information visit: www.nov.com/POLYTRAXX
DFX with its uniquely engineered, patented three-component
J ,'e e ,J 'e J '' ee,
and wellbore stability in deepwater or on the shelf without the
environmental, economic and logistical constraints.
For more information visit: www.nov.com/DFX
1309off_65 65 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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66 Of fshore September 2013

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CARB0h0X Leonardite 2.O12.O Y Y Y
BEXTRB Modilied starch with biocide 2.OG.O Y
BEXTRB E Modilied starch 2.OG.O Y Y
BEXTRB LT Modilied starch with biocide 2.OG.O Y
BEXTRB LTE Modilied starch with biocide 2.OG.O
BRLL STARCh Freqelatini/ed starch 2.O8.O Y
BbRAT0hE E 0il mud liltration control additive 2.O2O.O Y Y
BbRAT0hE hT 0il mud liltration control additive 2.O2O.O Y
BbREhEX FLbS hitem liltration control additive 1.O8.O Y
FACTAhT 0il mud emulsilier/liltration control aqent 1.O4.O Y Y
FLTERChEK Fermentationresistant modilied starch 1.O5.O Y Y Y
MFERMEX Freqelatini/ed starch 2.O8.O Y Y Y
L0bT0hE Liquid olymeric liltrate reducer 1.O4.O Y Y
hBRL hT FLbS Modilied starch 2.O5.O Y Y Y
FACL & FACLE Low viscosity olyanionic cellulose O.58.O Y Y Y
FACR & FACRE Reqular olyanionic cellulose O.52.O Y Y Y
F0LYAC FLbS Folyacrylate O.258.O Y
ThERMAChEK hiqh temerature liltrate reducer 1.O8.O Y Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL, CHEMSTAR PRODUCTS, CHEMTOTAL, DEEP SOUTH CHEMICAL,
DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., DRILLSAFE JANEL, GRAIN PROCESSING CORP., GUMPRO,
IMPACT FLUID SOLUTIONS, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES,
LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
ASFhAS0L Blend ol sullonated orqanic resins 41O h h Y
ASFhAS0L B Sullonatedorqanicblend, artiallywater soluble 21O h h
ASFhAS0LSbFREME Sullonated ashalt 8G h h
CAL0vS FL FL Control and Secondary viscosilier 25
for ENVIROTHERM system
CAL0vS hT FL Control and Secondary viscosilier 2G
for ENVIROTHERM system
CAbSTL Caustici/ed qround liqnite 115 h h Y
BTR0L FCA lor the BFR0 system 8
BbALFL0 FCA lor the FL0FR0 hT system 4G h h Y
BbALFL0 hT FCA lor hiqhtemerature alications 27
BbRAL0h Filtration control hiqhtemerature olymer 18 h h
EC0TR0L 717B Filtration control resin lor diesel 24
EC0TR0L L Liquid liltration control lor arallin, O.52.O
mineral oil and synthetic oils
EC0TR0L RB versionol EC0TR0LusedinFARALAhBsystem 24
EC0TR0L hT Synthetic CoFolymer in all oil 24
hiqhtemerature alications
FLTER FL0C Flocculant lor dislacements O.O12%
FL0FLEX Filtrationcontrol additivelor theBRLFLEXsystem 2G Y h Y
FL0FLEX FLbS Filtrationcontrol additivelor theBRLFLEXsystem 4G
FL0TR0L Starch derivative lor FL0FR0 hT systems 24 Y Y Y
hBTR0L FCA & secondary shale inhibitor 15 Y h
hBTR0L hv FCA & secondary shale inhibitor 1.47 h h
hBTR0L bLv bltralow vis FCA and secondary shale inhibitor 2.17
K17 Fotassium caustici/ed liqnite 115 h h Y
KLAFL0C Cationic liltration control lor lloc water drillinq 14 vol%
L0wATE Acid soluble, owdered calcium carbonate 1O4O h h
M 157 Sulemental emulsilier O.52 h h
M FAC R Fure FAC olymer, technical qrade 25 Y Y
M FAC bL Fure FAC olymer, low viscosity 25 Y Y
MEATR0L Filtration control in Biesel based systems O.58
MbL hTF Frimary emulsilier lor neqative alkalinity system 2G h h
MYL0JEL Freqelatini/ed corn starch 48 Y Y
0LFAZE Sacked oilbase concentrate 5O h h
0hETR0L hT Aminetreated tannin 41O
FARATR0L hT hiqhtemerature qilsonite 28
FERFhFEEL wBM FL/damaqe control system System
for perforated completions
F0LYFAC ELv Extralow viscosity FAC O.52 Y h
F0LYFAC R Folyanionic cellulose O.52 Y Y Y
F0LYFACSbFREMER FAC, remium qrade O.52 Y h
F0LYFACSbFREMEbL FAC, remium qrade, ultralow viscosity O.52 Y h
F0LYFAC bL FAC, ultra lowviscosity O.52 Y h
F0LYSAL honlermentinq starch 2G h h Y
F0LYSAL hT hiqhquality, reserved olysaccharide 2G
F0LYSAL T honlermentinq taioca starch derivative 2G h h
F0R0SEAL Latexmodilied starch olymer 25vol%
REShEX hiqhtemerature synthetic resin 2G h h Y
REShEX hiqhtemerature synthetic resin 21O h h
REShEX Eh hiqhtemerature synthetic resin 21O h h
SAFECARB Si/ed qround marble 1O5O Y h
SAFELhK Filtrationcontrol aqent lor comletionlluidsystems System h h
SAFELhK 11O Filtrationcontrol aqent lor comletionlluidsystems .5 ail/erl lt h h
SAFELhK 14O Filtrationcontrol aqent lor comletionlluidsystems .5 ail/erl lt h h
SAFELhK 15O Cross link olymer LCM 82 ails/1O bbl
SAFEvS Brine viscosilier O.54 Y h
SAFEvS E Liquid viscosilier lor brines 51O Y h
SAFEvS hBE Liquid viscosilier lor hiqhdensity brines 142O h h
SAFEvS LE Liquid viscosilier lor brines O.G1.2 qal/bbl
SAFEvS 0S Secially lormulated liquid hEC .G1.2 qal/bbl
ShALEChEK Shale control additive 5 h h
SF1O1 Sodium olyacrylate olymer O.52 h h Y
TAhhAThh round liqnite 115 h h Y
ThRbCARB Carbonate lor the FL0ThRb system 512
ThRbTR0L 0rqanichillic starch lor the FL0ThRb system 1O15
TR0LFLEX Modilied starch in BRLFLEX AR FLbS 4G
bhFAC SbFREME R Bisersible hiqhviscosity FAC O.251
bhFACSbFREMEbL Bisersible reqularqrade FAC O.251
bhTR0L mroved version ol ThERMFAC O.251.5
vERSAL Aminetreated liqnite 212 Y h Y
vERSATR0L haturally occurrinq qilsonite 28 Y h
vERSATR0L hT hiqhtemerature qilsonite 28
vERSATR0L M Medium solteninq oint ilsonite 28
vERSATR0L hS Liqnite/ilsonite blend lor hThF liltration 28
vhSEAL FCA & electrical stability additive 22O
XF2O K Fotassium caustici/ed chrome liqnite 115 h h Y
XF2O h Chrome liqnite, neutrali/ed 115 h h
MONTELLO
M0h FAC Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
M0h FAC bLTRA L0 Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
BYhAL0SE w white starch 2G Y
BYhAL0SE Y Yellow starch 2G Y
BYhAhTE ilsonite 2G Y
BYhAFLEX Resin 18 Y
Ev0TR0L Modilied starch 18 Y
AETR0L Fluid loss control 4 Y
hEwL Liqnite 25 Y
hEwFAC Lv Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
hEwFAC FLv Fremiumqrade olyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
hEwFAC FR Fremiumqrade olyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
hEwFAC R Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
0FT Filtrate control aqent 2G
0FTL Amine treated liqnite 112
0FTTR0L Folymeric hFhT liltration control aqent 15 Y
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8%
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8
A0bAFLM CM Carboxymethyl starch 2G Y
CMC hv Carboxymethyl cellulose .22
FETR0L Ashalt 1G
MAMA FBER Lost circulation material O.525
h0v CARB C Calcium carbonate
h0v CARB F Calcium carbonate
h0v CARB M Calcium carbonate
h0v L Liqnite 2 G
h0v FAC Lv Folyanionic cellulose O.52 Y
h0v FAC Folyanionic cellulose O.51 Y
EC0SYh FLR Filtration control additive 1G Y
h0v TR0L viscosilier liquid O.254
h0v XAh B viscosilier dry owder O.254
F0LYSFA Sodium olyacrylate 12
FETR0L Liquid Liquid qilsonite blend 4G
A0bAFLM CM Carboxymethyl starch 2G Y
A0bAFLM hT hiqh temerature lluid loss aqent 2G Y
STARTR0L Sullonated ashalt blend 2G
PRIME ECO GROUP INC., PT. INDOBENT WIJAYA MINERAL, QMAX, QUARON N.V., SETAC,
SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
STRATASCM FhE Blended microni/ed cellulose liber 2G Y
STRATATR0L Frecouled qilsonite/resin 2G Y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ACTvS Liquid viscosilier
B0F0L Bry viscosilier
B0F0L hT Bry viscosilier
B0F0L L Liquid viscosilier
CT F0AM Coil tubinq additive
hYBR0EhFER0XBE 0xidi/er
FAYZ0hE 75O Temerature stabili/er
FAYZ0hE hFS hiqh erlormance starch
FSEbB0F0L Synthetic olymer
FSEbB0F0L B Synthetic olymer
FSEbB0F0L hT Bry viscosilier
FSEbB0F0LhTLiquid hi rol liquid viscosilier
TETRAvS Bry hEC olymer
TETRAvS BREAKER viscosity breaker
TETRAvS EXTEhBER Temerature stabili/er
TETRAvS L Liquid hEC olymer
TETRAvS L FLbS Bouble strenqth liquid hEC viscosilier
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL,VENTURE CHEMICALS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
BRLLT 8OO Anionic drillinq olymer O.251 lb/bbl
BRLLT 815 Anionic drillinq olymer O.58 lb/bbl
BRLLT 5OO Anionic drillinq olymer O.5 lb/bbl
F L O C C U L A N T S
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
MF1 hiqhmolecular weiqht nonionicselectivellocculant
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARAFL0C Flocculant lor drillinq lluids O.O1O.25 Y
CLAY RABBER Liquid llocculant lor hYBR0bARB O.52.O Y
CRYSTALBRL Flocculant lor clear water drillinq O.21.O
EhvR0C0 C norqanic coaqulant O.O51.O
EhvR0C0 S norqanic coaqulant O.O51.O
EhvR0FL0C 1O4 Folymeric llocculant O.O1O.25
EhvR0FL0C 1OO Folymeric llocculant O.O1O.25
EZFL0C Flocculant blend O.O1O.25
FL0CLEAh MB Flocculant lor calcium brines 18 vol%
FL0CLEAh Z Flocculant lor /inc brines 18 vol%
BASF For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
1309off_66 66 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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www.offshore-mag.com Setember 2O18 Of fshore 67
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
4MATEvShT hT lormate viscosilier 58 hC Y
KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES, LAMBERTI SPA, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
FLTER FL0C Flocculant lor dislacements O.O12.O vol%
FL0XT 0rqanic llocculant O.12 h h Y
ELEX Folymer bentonite extender O.O5O.2 h h Y
KLAFL0C Lowcost shale inhibitor lor lloc water drillinq 14 vol%
KLAFL0C Cationic llocculant lor llow water drillinq 14 vol%
F0LYFLbS hiqh M.w. FhFA olymer O.54 Y h Y
F0LYFLbS BRY Bry FhFA olymer .252 h h
F0LYFLbS Lv Lowviscosity FhFA olymer .252 h h
F0LYFLbS RB Readily disersible owdered hiqh m. w. FhFA O.54 Y h Y
SAFEFL0C Surlactant / llocculant solvent blend 14% h h
SAFEFL0C Surlactant / solvent blend 14% h h
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
TRbFLbSh Surlactants and llocculants O.55 Y
S0BRLL RB honionic FhFA O.5O.2 Y
QMAX, SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
TETRA BRT MAhET well bore cleaner
F R I C T I O N R E D U C E R F O R C O I L T U B I N G
DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO. For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
G E L L I N G A G E N T S / V I S C O S I F I E R S
AKZO For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
AQUALON
A0bAFL0 hv Low viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC L0bB Environmental lriendly anhydrous O.5O4 B Y Y
AquaFAC susension
A0bAFAC REbLAR hiqh viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
EC0BbRA FL0h0R rated aqueous hEC susensions 11O Y Y
ALACTAS0L 251 hiqh viscosity straiqht quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 252 Straiqht quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 2G7 Biesel slurriable quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 284 Sell hydratinq disersible straiqht quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 28G Biesel slurriable hiqh viscosity quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 288 Fast hydratinq hiqh viscosity quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 28O Fast hydratinq hiqh viscosity quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 2OO Fast hydratinq hiqh viscosity quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 4G7 Biesel slurriable hydroxyroyl quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 474 hiqh viscosity hydroxyroyl quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 47G Bullered hiqh viscosity hydroxyroyl quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L 477 Sell hydratinq disersible hydroxyroyl quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L G88 Fast hydratinq hiqh viscosity Carboxymethyl O.252 Y Y
hydroxyroyl quar
ALACTAS0L G5O Carboxymethyl hydroxyroyl quar withadiicacid O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L G51 Carboxymethyl hydroxyroyl quar O.252 Y Y
ALACTAS0L G58 Biesel slurriable Carboxymethyl quar O.252 Y Y
hATR0S0L 21O hhX bltra hiqh viscosity and Fast hydratinq hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L25OhhRF bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
hATR0S0L L0bB Environmental lriendlyanhydroushECsusension 15 B Y Y
hATR0S0L hvS bltra hiqh viscosity hEC O.52.5 Y Y
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, ASAP FLUIDS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
BEhEX Bentonite extender 2 lb/58
banl sacs
CARB0EL 0rqanohilic clay lor solids susension 15
CARB0EL 0uickyieldinqorqanohilicclaylor solidssusension 48
MAMAEL 0rqanohilic clay lor MAMATE0
extreme hFhT emulsion system
MAMAEL SE Susension Enhancer lor MAMATE0
extreme hFhT emulsion system
MLEL wyominq bentonite meetinq AF secilications O25 Y
MLEL hT bntreatedwyominqbentonitemeetinqAF secs O25 Y
MFh0LB Auniqueorqanohilicclaylor cuttinqssusension 514b
MFLFT Rheoloqy modilier lor invert emulsion systems 12b
hEXTh0LB Auniqueorqanohilicclaylor cuttinqssusension 514b
hEXTLFT Rheoloqy modilier lor invert emulsion systems 12b
0MhFLEX hiqherlormance, anionic, synthetic olymer
FRME vS hT viscosilier lor hiqh temerature dislacements
0bCK vS Liquid brine viscosilier multisalt systems As needed E Y
0bCK vS hT Liquid brine viscosilier hT environment As needed
RhE0CLAY Fast yieldinq orqanohilic clay 24
lor RhE0L0C deewater system
RhE0CLAY FLbS Temeraturestable orqanohilic clay 24
lor RhE0L0C deewater system
SALT wATER EL Attaulqite clay meetinq AF secilications 2O Y
SbFERC0L Exrtahiqhyield bentonite O.55 Y
bLTRAvS Liquid brine viscosilier sinqle salt systems As needed E Y
vS Fure synthetic olymer O.24.O
w.0. 21 hydroxethyl cellulose 18
w.0. 21L Liquid hEC viscosilier O.152.1qal/bbl
w.0. 21LE Liquid hEC viscosilier lor workover lluids O.81 qal/bbl
environmentally sale
w.0. 21 LE FLbS Liquid hEC in environmentally lriendly base O.81 qal/bbl
XAhFLEX Xanthan qum olymer O.22 Y
XAhFLEX C Clarilied Xanthan qum olymer O.22
XAhFLEX eL Clarilied Xanthan qum olymer O.58.O
XAhFLEX B Xanthan qum olymer O.22 Y
XAhFLEX L Liquid xantham qum olymer O.58.5
XAhFLEX T Technical qrade xanthan qum olymer
XAhFLEX TB Technical qradedisersedxanthanqumolymer
XCB F0LYMER Fresh or brinewater viscosilier O.58.O E Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
A0bAEL wyominq bentonite 5.O25.O Y Y Y
A0bAEL0LBSEAL bntreated wyominq bentonite 5.O25.O Y Y Y
BARACTvE Folar activator lor alloil systems 4.O7.O Y Y Y
BARAFAK 0ilsoluble olymer 2.O8.O Y
BARAREShvS 0il mud viscosilier 82O
BARAvS Modilied cellulose 18 Y Y
BARAZAh Xanthan qum O.12.O Y Y Y
BARAZAh B Bisersion enhanced xanthan qum O.12.O Y Y
BARAZAh L Xanthan susension O.54.O Y Y
BARAZAh B FLbS Fremium disersionenhanced xanthan O.12.O Y Y Y
BAR0LFT Synthetic monolilament liber O.1O.5 Y Y
B0REvS Modilied bentoniteB0REMAX system 5.O15.O
BR0MvS Fredisersed olymer susension 5.O2O.O Y
ELT0hE 0il mud viscosilier 2.O5.O Y
ELT0hE 0il mud viscosilier 2.O15.O Y Y
ELT0hE v 0il mud viscosilier 1.O15.O Y
L0bvS EF honionic olymer disersion O.2O.O Y
MbB EL Treated, remium qrade sodium bentonite 2.O25.O
hvS Bioolymer 1.O8.O Y
hvS h Mixed metal silicates 1 Y
hvS h FLbS Mixed metal silicate comlex O.52.O Y
hvS L Liquid xanthan qum O.2O.O Y
hvS 0 0rqanohilic clay 1.OG.O
hvS F FLbS Folymer Blend 1.O4.O Y Y Y
RhEM0B L Modilied latty acid 1.O4.O Y Y
RhE0B00ST 0il mud viscosilier O.54.O Y
RMG8 Rheoloqy modilier O.52.O Y Y
SbSFEhT0hE 0rqanohilic clay O.15.O Y Y
TAbM0B Amorhous/librous material O.55.O Y Y
TEMFERbS Modilied latty acid O.252.5 Y Y
ThERMAvS Synthetic inorqanic viscosilier 1.O4.O Y Y
XTEhB Bentonite extender O.O1O.O5 Y
vSFLbS 0rqanic viscosilier 1.O5.O Y
ZE0EL Attaulqite 5.O8O.O Y Y Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
4 MATEvShT hiqh temerature lormate viscosilier 48
CHEMSTAR PRODUCTS, CHEMTOTAL, CRODA, DEEP SOUTH CHEMICAL, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO.,
DRILLSAFE JANEL, ECOFLUIDS, EMERY, GUMPRO, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, LAMBERTI SPA,
LAMBERTI USA, LIQUID CASING, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
ACTBbLB Folar activator lor Eastern hemishere
BBALAhCE viscosilier lor the BFR0 system O.252
BB00ST Secondary viscosilier lor BFR0 system .O8.OG qal/bbl
BFR0 LB Lowdensity, BFR0 system System
BRLFLEX viscosilier lor BRLFLEX system 18 Y
BRLFLEX hT MM0 viscosilier lor hiqh temerature 27 h h h
BRLFLEX LT MM0 viscosilier lor low temerature 18 h h h
Bb0TEC Xanthan qum olymer O.252 Y h
Bb0TEC hS Xanthanqumolymer, nondisersiblelorhorthSeause O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS Xanthan qum disersible olymer O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS L Liquilied Xanthan qum, nonclarilied O.25O.5 Y h
Bb0vS hS Xanthanqum, nondisersiblelor horthSeause O.52.5 Y h Y
Bb0vS FLbS Fremium rade ol Xanthan qum O.252 Y h Y
Bb0vS FLbS hS Fremium rade ol Xanthan qum, O.252 Y h h
nondisersible lor horth Sea use
BbR0EL Seiolite clay 58O h h Y
FL0TR0L Starch derivative lor FL0FR0 hT systems 24 Y Y Y
FL0vS L hondisersible clarilied Xanthan qum .25.5 qal/bbl
FL0vS hT hondisersible, nonclarilied Xanthan qum O.252.5
FL0vS FLbS FremiumclariliedXanthanlor FL0FR0hTsystems O.752.25 h h
ELEX Folymer bentonite extender O.O5O.2 h h Y
ELFLEX viscosilier lor the BRLFLEX system 71O
hBTR0L hv Fluidlossadditiveandsecondaryshaleinhibitor 1.47
hRF Liquid viscosilier & qellinq aqent lor oil muds 1G h h
S0L0K viscosilier lor S0ThERMnsulatinqFacker Fluid O.25 1.O%
S0vS viscosilier lor S0ThERMnsulatinqFacker Fluid O.25 1.O%
M EL Fremium qrade treated wyominq bentonite 585 Y Y
M EL SbFREME hontreated bentonite, AF sec 585 h h Y
M EL SbFREME hontreated AF wyominq bentonite 585 h h Y
wY0Mh
M EL wY0Mh AFsec bentonite wyominq source only 585 h h
M FAC R Fure FAC olymer, reqular qrade 25 Y Y
h0vAM0B Lowshear rate viscosilier 15 h h Y
h0vATEC M Lowend rheoloqy modilier 18 h h
F0LYFAC R Folyanionic cellulose O.52 Y Y Y
F0LYFACSbFREMER Folyanionic cellulose, remium qrade O.52 Y h
F0LYSAL honlermentinq starch 2G h h Y
F0LYSAL hT hiqhquality, reserved olysaccharide 2G
F0LYSAL T honlermentinq taioca starch derivative 2G h h
F0wER vS viscosilier. creates less um ressure O.8751.25
& thermal convection
F0wER vS L Liquid version ol F0wER vS viscosilier .125.5 qal/bbl
RhEBbLB viscosilier lor RhELAhT system O.25O.5
RhEFLAT Rheoloqy modilier lor RhELAhT system O.58
RhEThK Rheoloqy modilier lor RhELAhT system O.251
SAFEThERMvS L viscosilier in SAFEThERM system O.25O.5 qb
SAFEvS Brine viscosilier O.54 Y h
SAFEvS E Liquid hEC 51O Y h
SAFEvS hBE Liquid hEC lor hiqhdensity brines 142O h h
SAFEvS LE Liquid viscosilier lor brines O.G1.2 qb
SAFEvS 0S Secially lormulated liquid hEC O.G1.2 qb
1309off_67 67 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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68 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
SALT EL Attaulqite clay 585 Y Y Y
SbFRAvS viscosilier lor the bLTRABRL system O.252
SbREM0B viscosilier lor SBM systems 14 h h Y
SbREThK Rheoloqical modilier O.251 h h
TARvS L Liquid viscosilier lor the SABril system O.25O.5 qb h h
TRbvS Frimary viscosilier lor TRbBRL systems O8 h h
bhFAC SbFREME R Bisersible, hiqhviscosity FAC O.251
vERSAEL hT hectorite O8 Y h
vERSAM0B 0il mud qellinq aqent and viscosilier 18 h h
vERSAMbL Frimary emulsilier and wettinq aqent 21O h h
vERSAFAC Thermally activated orqanic thixotroe 58O h h
vGO 0rqanohilic clay 21O h h Y
vFLbS mroved orqanohilic clay 21O Y h
vSbFREME 0rqanohilic clay lor the h0vA systems 21O
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
h0v TR0L viscosilier liquid O.254 Y
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8%
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8
AMZhC vS Liquid viscosilier 8
EC0EL h 0rqanohilic hectorite viscosilier 41O Y
EC0EL M 0rqanohilic clay 41O
h0v EL Bentonite G85
h0v EL hT Bentonite, nontreated G85 Y
SALT EL Attaulqite G85 Y
h0v XAh Xanthan qum O.254 Y
h0v XAh B Xanthan qum O.254 Y
OLEON N.V., PRIME ECO GROUP INC., PT. INDOBENT WIJAYA MINERAL, QMAX, QUARON N.V.
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
STRATASUPERSWEEP round lilament materials O.8O.G Y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS , TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ACTvS Liquid viscosilier
ATAFbLTE Saltwater qel
BEhT0hTE Freshwater qel
B0F0L Bry viscosilier Y
B0F0L hT Bry viscosilier Y
B0F0L L Liquid viscosilier Y
FAYZ0hE 75O Temerature stabili/er
FAYZ0hE hFS hiqh erlormance starch Y
FSEbB0F0L Synthetic olymer
FSEbB0F0L B Synthetic olymer
FSEbB0F0L hT Bry viscosilier
FSEbB0F0LhTL0bB hi rol liquid viscosilier
TBSF 12 LB/AL viscosilied weiqhted sacer
TBSF 15 LB/AL viscosilied weiqhted sacer
TBSF 1O LB/AL viscosilied weiqhted sacer
TBSF 11.G CACL2 viscosilied swee
TBSF FREShwATER viscosilied swee
TBSF SALTwATER viscosilied swee
TETRA hELF Temerature extender
basic amineqlycol mixture
TETRAFLEX 11O Cross linked qelled olymer
F0LYMER
TETRAFLEX 185 Cross linked qelled olymer
F0LYMER
TETRAvS Bry hEC olymer Y
TETRAvS EXTEhBER Temerature stabili/er
TETRAvS L Liquid hEC olymer Y
TETRAvS L FLbS Bouble strenqth liquid hEC viscosilier
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
hA87 hydrocarbon base qellinq aqent O.51.O%
hA44 Crosslinker lor hA87 and hA715 O.51.O%
hA48 Crosslinker lor hA87, 7O, 7O2 O.51.O%
hAG1 Belayed crosslinker lor hA7O, 71, 7O2 O.51.O%
hAG5 Crosslinker lor hA7O, 71, 7O2 O.81.O%
hA7O hydrocarbon base qellinq aqent, hT O.81.O%
hA71 hydrocarbon base qellinq aqent, hT O.51.O%
hA7O2 hydrocarbon base qellinq aqent, hT O.81.O%
hA715 hydrocarbon base qellinq aqent O.51.O%
hASG1 Crosslinker lor hA7O, 71, 7O2 O.51.O%
F0LYMER K watersoluble drillinq olymer 1.58 lbs/bbl
wA1 water qellinq aqent 18 Y
wA2 water qellinq aqent 18 Y
I N T E R V E N T I O N F L U I D S
M-I SWACO
FL0BEhSE AF hiqh density dislacinq lluid lor casinq 17.52O.5 q Y
pressure remediation
FL0FR0 CT Coiled tubinq drillinq / intervention lluid 8.5O.5 q Y
L O S S C I R C U L AT I O N , S E A L I N G MAT E R I A L S
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
BAKERS0bEEZ Sinqle sack lost circulation solution varies E Y Y
SEAL F, M & C Si/ed calcium carbonate 55O
CARB0SEAL Modilied hydrocarbon LCM lor sealinq varies Y
ChEKL0SS Comlex cellulosic LCM 48+ b Y
ChEKL0SS C0ARSE Coarse, comlexedcellulosiclor lossol circulation 48+ b Y
ChEKL0SS FLbS hiqhliqnin cellulosic LCM articularly lor 48+ b Y
0BM/hAF with less adverse ellect on Fv and ES
ECC0FBER Fine Environmentally lriendly cellulosic LCM as needed
ECC0FBER Medium Environmentally lriendly cellulosic LCM as needed
ECC0ShELL SERES Environmentally lriendly LCM as needed
FL0bARBL Brillinq lluid and cement LCM system E Y
FL0bARBLC Brillinq lluid and cement LCM system
FL0wCARB SERES Multile qrind si/e series ol calcium carbonate varies
LCLbBE Si/ed, synthetic qrahite 28 b Y
LCLbBE FhE Si/ed, synthetic qrahite 28 b Y
LCShELB Si/ed, calcined etroleum coke G2O b
LCShELB FhE Si/ed, calcined etroleum coke G2O b
MAhAFLbS Acid soluble bridqinq material As needed E Y
MLCARB SERES Si/ed qround calcium carbonate 15O b Y
MLCEBAR FBER Shredded cedar bark 51O b Y
MLFLAKE Shredded cellohane varies
MLMCA Muscovite mica 51O b Y
MLFLb round nut shells 51O b Y
MLSEAL Blended LCM roduct available in 8 qrind si/es 51O b Y
hEXTSEAL LCM/hFhT control aqent in all invert Seeaqe loses
emulsions lluids O.1 to O.25b
F0LYFX Folymeric LCM low density brines
S0LbFLAKE B Flaked calcium carbonate lor drillinq 28 b Y
S0LbFLAKE Flaked calcium carbonate 28 b Y
SF, F, M, C, B
S0LbS0bEEZE Acidsoluble LCM varies
TEKFLb XL Cross linked olymer (no /inc) old Y
TEKFLb XL hB Cross linked olymer hiqh density
ThERM0FLb Crosslinked LCM system
ThERM0FLb Crosslinked LCM system
w.0. 8O Si/ed, qround calcium carbonate 54O b Y
(Multile qrind si/es available)
XLhK Crosslinked olymer system
XL STABLZER h control additive
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARACARB 5, 25, 5O, Si/ed acidsoluble marble 5GO Y Y Y
15O, 4OO, GOO, 12OO
BARACARB BF 5, 25, Si/ed acidsoluble marble 5GO Y Y Y
5O, 15O, GOO
BARAFLAKE M, L Flaked calcium carbonate 52O Y Y Y
BARAFERFLbB Blend secially lor use in erloratinq As needed
BARAFLb 2O, Si/ed salt 5GO Y Y Y
5O, G/8OO
BARARESh Si/ed oil soluble bridqinq aqentF, M, C 52O Y
BAR0FBRE Seeaqeloss additive, reqular & coarse 55O Y Y Y
BAR0FBRESbFERFhE Seeaqeloss additive, line 55O Y Y Y
BAR0FBRE 0 0il wet Seeaqeloss additive 55O
BAR0SEAL Classic Si/ed LCM blend 55O Y Y
BAR0SEAL Coarse Si/ed LCM blend 55O Y Y
BAR0SEAL Fine Si/ed LCM blend 55O Y Y
BAR0SEAL Medium Si/ed LCM blend 55O Y Y
Bb0S0bEEZEh, R, SA Bual si/e blend lor hiqh loss /ones 4O1OO
EZFLb Acid soluble LCM Blend 5OO Y
FbSET Synthetic olymerbased blend Fill lorm Y
hYBR0FLb hydratable olymeric blended material Fill lorm Y
hYBR0FLb hS hydratable olymeric blended material Fill lorm Y Y Y
hFLEX Activator lor hS0bEEZE As needed Y Y
hSEAL norqanic LCM As needed Y
hS0bEEZE Lost circulation material As needed Y Y
FLbT Frocessed cedar liber 81O Y Y Y
FLbT h Frocessed hardwood liber 81O Y Y Y
ST0FFRAC B Felleti/ed blend ol LCM 1O15 Y
ST0FFRAC S Felleti/ed blend ol coarse LCM 5O7O Fill
STEELSEAL 5O, 1OO, Bual comosition carbon comound 5.O8O Y Y Y
4OO, 1OOO
wALLhbT round walnut shells F, M, C 1O4O Y Y Y
BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., DRILLSAFE JANEL, GUMPRO,
IMPACT FLUID SOLUTIONS, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES, LIQUID CASING,
M&D INDUSTRIES OF LOUISIANA, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
CSEAL Coke FLCA 152O h h
CSEAL F Coke FLCA line qrind 152O h h
CLEAhFERF Fluidloss system lor erloratinq oerations System Y
F0RMABL0K hiqherlormance, hiqhstrenqth blend 2O4O
F0RMAFLb Fumable lost circulation luq 1OO%
F0RMAFLb ACC Accelerator lor F0RMAFLb ill 8.51O.5
F0RMAFLb RET Retarder lor F0RMAFLb ill 8.517.5
F0RMASET Folymeric lost circulation material 255O Y h
F0RMASET ACC Accelerator lor F0RMASET ill 15 h h
F0RMASET AK Folymeric LCM 25 h h
F0RMASET AKX variant ol F0RMASET AK ill lor water shutoll 1117.5 h h
F0RMASET RET Retarder lor F0RMASET ill O2O h h
F0RMASET XL Crosslinker lor F0RMASET ill 12 h h
F0RMAS0bEEZE hiqhsolids, hiqhlluid loss luq 8O
SEAL Coarsesi/ed qrahite 152O Y Y
SEAL FhE Finesi/ed qrahite 152O
SEAL hR hiqhresiliency qrahite 51O
SEAL hR FhE hiqhresiliency qrahite 51O
SEAL FLbS Coarsesi/ed luqqinq aqent 152O
SEAL FLbS C Blendfor lost circulationandwellborestrengthening 152O
L0wATE Si/ed qround limestone 1O4O h Y
M CEBAR FBER Shredded cedar bark liber 58O Y h
M SEAL LCM lor lractured or vuqular lormations 52O h h
MX round cellulosic libers 52O Y Y
M 1O8 Coarseqround hiqhtem ilsonite
hbT FLb round nut shells 55O Y Y Y
0FTSEAL Loss revention material 8O7O
0FTSEAL Loss revention material 8O7O
0FTSEAL Loss revention material 8O7O
0FTSEAL v Loss revention material 8O7O
1309off_68 68 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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1309off_69 69 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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70 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
RESEAL hiqhly comressive qrahite 152O
SAFECARB Si/ed qround marble 1O5O Y h
SAFELhK Cross linked olymer (no /inc) 82ails/1Obbl h h
SAFELhK 11O Cross linked olymer (no /inc) 82ails/1Obbl h h
SAFELhK 14O Cross linked olymer hiqh density 82ails/1Obbl h h
SEALhFEEL Removable loss control ill 8.417.5 q
ThRbCARB 0rqanohilicbridqinqaqent lor FL0ThRbsystem 5.O 12.O
vERSAFAC Thermally activated orqanic thixotroe 58O h h
vERSATR0L haturally occurrinq ashalt 28 Y Y
vhSEAL Filtration control additive articularly ellective 25
in deleted /ones
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
CYBERSEAL Fiberous seeaqe control aqent 1O85 Y
BYhAFBER Microni/ed cellulose F, M, C Y
hEwBRBE Swee / bridqinq material 215 Y
hEwCARB Si/ed calcium carbonate F, M, C Y
hEwCARB bLTMX Coarse calcite / marble 255O Y
hEwFLb hut shell 22O Y
hEwSEAL Si/ed carbonaceous seeaqe aqent 515 Y
XFRMA 0nesack, hiqhsolids squee/e Y
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
h0v TR0L viscosilier liquid O.254
AMvS viscosilier O.254
dry owder
KwK SEAL ranules, llakes, libers 25 Y
MAMA FBER Lost circulation material 525
MCA Mica 25 Y
h0v CARB C Calcium carbonate
h0v CARB F Calcium carbonate
h0v CARB M Calcium carbonate 8O Y
h0v FBER round lant libers 4 Y
h0v FLb hutshells 1O8O
h0v FLb X Si/ed 0rqanic Blend 2O Y
STARFLb Crosslink olymer blend Fill Form
STARS0bEEZE Crosslink olymer blend Fill Form
SbRESEAL raded carbon comound
PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, QUARON N.V., SETAC, SPECIAL PRODUCTS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
FRACATTACK Fackaqe hiqh liltration squee/e ill 8O Y
STRATAFLEX FhE Resilient elastomeric sealant materials 2G+ Y
STRATAFLEXMEBbM Resilient elastomeric sealant materials 22O+ Y
STRATALCMMEBbM Medium qrade blended cellulose liber 22O+ Y
STRATASCM FhE Fine qrade blended cellulose liber 2G+ Y
STRATAvAhbARB Fackaqe LCM ill mixed in mud 5O1OO Y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
FAYZ0hE 58O Med qrind, acid soluble liber Y
FAYZ0hE 582 Fine qrind, acid soluble liber Y
FAYZ0hECARBFRME Broad FSB line qrind CaC0
3
Y
FAYZ0hECARBbLTRA bltra line qrind, CaC0
3
Y
FAYZ0hE FLC Fremixed qelled olymer ill
FLEXSEAL
FAYZ0hEFLCSLbRRY Severe lost circulation ill
FAYZ0hE FLC Calcium carbonate ill
SMARTSEAL
FAYZ0hE FLCCC Calcium carbonate ill
FAYZ0hE FLCSS Sodium chloride ill
FAYZ0hE hFS hiqh erlormance starch Y
FAYZ0hE SS FRME Broad FSB line qrind haCl Y
FAYZ0hE SS bLTRA bltra line qrind, haCl Y
TETRA FLEX 11O Cross Linked elled olymer
TETRA FLEX 185 Cross Linked elled olymer
TETRA SS C0ARSE Si/e controlled, coarse haCl Y
TETRA SS FhE Select qrind, line qrind haCl Y
TETRA SS MEBbM Si/e controlled, med si/e haCl Y
TETRACARB C0ARSE Si/e controlled, coarse CaC0
3
Y
TETRACARB FhE Select qrind, line CaC0
3
Y
TETRACARB FLAKE Si/ed calcium carbonate
TETRACARB MEBbM Si/e controlled, medium CaC0
3
Y
TETRA MAMAFBER Med qrind, acid soluble liber Y
RE
TETRA MAMAFBER Fine qrind, acid soluble liber Y
FhE
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL, VENTURE CHEMICALS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
P O LY ME R B R E A K E R S
TBC-BRINADD For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
S H A L E C O N T R O L
AKZO NOBEL, AMERICAN GILSONITE For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
AQUALON
A0bAFL0 Lv hiqh viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFL0 hv Low viscosity Standard Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC L0bB Environmental lriendly anhydrous O.5O4 B Y Y
AquaFAC susension
A0bAFAC Lv Low viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC REbLAR hiqh viscosity Fremium Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y Y
A0bAFAC bLv bltraLowviscosityFremiumFolyanioniccellulose O.252 Y Y
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
A0bAC0L lycol used to control sensitive shales, increase 8% Y
lubricity and lower hThF liltrate in lreshwater
and saltwater systems
A0bAC0L B Cloudoint qlycol lor shale control 85% Y
in mediumsalinity systems
A0bAC0L B lycol used to control sensitive shales, 8% Y
increase lubricity and lower hThF liltrate
in moderate to hiqhsalinity systems
A0bAC0L S lycol used to control sensitive shales, 4% Y
increase lubricity and lower hThF liltrate
in hiqhsalinity systems
ChEKTR0L Clay swellinq & hydration suressant 28%
CLAYTR0L Amhoteric surlactant 48 b Y
CLAYTR0L XFR Temeraturestableshalehydrationsuressant 4G%
ECC0BL0K waterdisersible natural resinous material 2G b
lor shale stabili/ation
ECC0LYC0L lycol lor shale control varies
MAXbARB Clay hydration suressant 17 b
MAXFLEX Aluminum and resin comlex lor shale stability 15 b
MAXShELB Belormable sealinq olymer lor shale stability 24% Y
MAXShELB hS Belormable sealinq olymer 24%
hAh0ShELB Brydelormablesealinqolymer lor shalestability 15 lb/bbl
hEwBRLL hiqhmolecular weiqht anionic liquid olymer 1.52% Y
hEwBRLL hF Fowdered olymer lor imroved shale control 1.52 b Y
hEwBRLL Lv Low viscosity FhFA 18 b
hEwBRLL Lv STCK Low viscosity olymer Stick as needed
hEwBRLL hY Cuttinqs encasulant aroved lor use in horway 18 b
hEwBRLL FLbS Fowdered, hiqhmolecular weiqht, artially 18 b Y
hydroly/ed olyacrylamide
hEwBRLL STCK Folymer Stick as needed
FR0TECT0MAC 0ilsoluble, airblown ashalt used with oil 28 b
FR0TECT0MAC M waterdisersible, airblown ashalt 28 b Y
ShALEB0hB waterdisersinq, naturallyoccurrinq ashalt 2G b Y
ShALEFLEX Aluminum comlex lor shale stability 14 b
SbLFATR0L Sullonated ashaltic material 2G b Y
TERRAC0AT Belormable sealinq olymer lor TERRAMAX 2 b Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
AK7O Ashaltic blend 5.O15.O Y
BARABL0K Fowdered qilsonite, wallcake enhancer 5.O85.O Y Y
BARABL0K 4OO hitem owdered qilsonite 5.O85.O Y
BARACAT Cationic olymer solution 1.O8.O Y
BARASLS Sodium silicate solution 21O% Y Y
BAR0TR0L FLbS Enhanced shale stabili/er 2.OG.O Y
B0REhB Shale inhibitor blendB0REMAX system 12 vol%
B0REhB Liquid inorqanic salt blend
B0REFLbS Shale stabili/erB0REMAX system O.28 Y
BXR Borehole stabili/er 4.O2O.O Y
BXRL Borehole stabili/er susension 8.O4O.O Y
CLAY FRM Shale stabili/erhYBR0bARB system 5.O8.O Y
CLAY RABBER Shale encasulator O.52.O Y
CLAY SYhC Shale stabili/erhYBR0bARB system 2.O4.O Y Y
CLAY SYhC Shale stabili/erhYBR0bARB system 2.O4.O Y
CLAYSEAL Amhoteric comound shale stabili/er 4.O8.O Y
CLAYSEAL FLbS Amhoteric comound shale stabili/er 4.O8.O Y Y
EZMbB Shale stabili/inq olymer solution 1.O4.O Y
EZMbB BF Fowdered shale stabili/inq olymer O.251.5 Y Y
EZMbB 0LB Beaded shale stabili/inq olymer O.251.5 Y Y
EM CF Folyqlycol 57% Y Y
EM F Folyalkylene qlycol 2G% Y Y
EM SF Folyqlycol 2.O15.O Y
MEAEh Sodium silicate solution 21O%
FERF0RMATR0L Shale inhibitive olymer 28% Y Y
BASF For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
CESbM ACETATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q)
CESbM F0RMATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q) E h
CESbM F0RMATE/ Bensity to 2.42 sq (2O.18 q)
ACETATE BLEhB
MXEB F0RMATES Bensities lrom 1.O sq to 2.8 sq E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Bensity to 1.57 sq (18 q) E Y h
S0BbM F0RMATE Bensity to 1.8 sq (1O.8 q) E Y Y
CESC0 ChEMCAL
CESC0 C Fretreated qilsonite 4G Y
DEEP SOUTH CHEMICAL, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO., DRILLSAFE JANEL, EMERY,
GRAIN PROCESSING CORP., GUMPRO, IMPACT FLUID SOLUTIONS, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP,
LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, LIQUID CASING, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
ASFhAS0L Blend ol sullonated orqanic resins 41O h h Y
ASFhAS0L B Sullonated orqanic blend 41O h h
ASFhAS0LSbFREME Sullonated ashalt 28
BhhB Shale inhibitor lor the BFR0 system 8 vol%
BRLFLEX viscosilier lor BRLFLEX system 18 Y
BRLKLEEh Lowtoxicity deterqent O.21 h h Y
EhvR0BLEhB Salt lor EhvR0vERT system
FL0XT Clay llocculant O.12 h h Y
LYBRL F Folyalkylene qlycol with low cloud oint 717.5 Y h
LYBRL hC Folyalkylene qlycol with hiqh cloud oint 717.5 h h
LYBRL LC Folyalkylene qlycol with low cloud oint 717.5 Y h
LYBRL MC Folyalkylene qlycol with medium cloud oint 717.5 Y h
hBTR0L Fluid loss additive & secondary shale inhibitor 15 Y h
hBTR0L hv Fluid loss additive & secondary shale inhibitor 1.47
hBTR0L bLv bltralow vis liltration control additive and 2.17
secondary shale inhibitor
BCAF B Folymeric shale inhibitor 14 Y h Y
hhBYC0L XT widemolecularweiqht qlycol 717.5
K17 Fotassium liqnite 115 h h Y
K52 honchloride otassium sulement 15 h h Y
KLACbRE hydration suressant 48 Y h Y
1309off_70 70 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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www.offshore-mag.com Setember 2O18 Of fshore 71
KLACbRE hydration suressant and deterqent 48
KLAARB Shale inhibitor & hydration suressant 48 Y h Y
KALARB B Saltlree KLAARB 48 h h Y
KLAhB Liquid amine shale inhibitor 41O
KLAFLEX Fotassiumbase shale inhibitor
KLASEhTRY Shale inhibitor lor liqnosullonate muds 41O
KLAST0F Shale inhibitor 24vol% h h
KLAST0F hS Shale inhibitor 24vol%
KLAFL0C Lowcost shale inhibitor lor lloc water drillinq 14vol%
M FAC R Fure FAC olymer, technical qrade 25 Y Y
M FAC bL FAC olymer, low viscosity, technical qrade 25 Y Y
FARAMX A Salt lor the FARALAhB system 254O%wt
FARAMX h Salt lor the FARALAhB system 254O%wt
F0LYFAC R Folyanionic cellulose O.52 Y Y Y
F0LYFAC ELv Extralowviscosity FAC O.52 Y h
F0LYFACSbFREMER FAC, remium qrade O.52 Y h
F0LYFACSbFREMEbL FAC, remium qrade, ultralow viscosity O.52 Y h
F0LYFAC bL FAC, ultralow viscosity O.52 Y h
F0LYFLbS hiqh m.w. FhFA olymer O.54 Y h Y
F0LYFLbS BRY Bry FhFA olymer O.252
F0LYFLbS Lv Lowviscosity FhFA olymer O.252 h h
F0LYFLbS RB Readily disersible FhFA dry owder O.54 Y h Y
F0R0SEAL Latexmodilied starch olymer 25vol%
ShALEChEK Shale control additive 5 h h
SLBRL B Bry sodium silicate O15% Y Y
SLBRL K Fotassium silicate version ol SLBRL 812%
SLBRL L Liquid sodium silicate 58% Y Y
SF1O1 Sodium olyacrylate olymer O.52 h h Y
TARCLEAh Anticrete aqent lor heavy oil 1OO% a
bLTRACAF Encasulator lor bLTRABRL system 1.58
bLTRACAF hS Biodeqradable shale encasulator 1.58
bLTRACAF FLbS Folymericshaleinhibitor lor bLTRABRLsystem 24
bLTRAhB Shale inhibitor lor bLTRABRL system 24 vol%
bLTRAhB hS bLTRAhB variant lor horth Sea 24vol%
bhFAC SbFREME bL Bisersible, reqularqrade FAC O.251
XF2OK Fotassium caustici/ed chrome liqnite 115 h h Y
XF2O h Chrome liqnite, neutrali/ed 115 h h
MONTELLO
M0h FAC Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
M0h FAC bLTRA L0 Folyanionic cellulose O.252 Y
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
BEEFBRLLhhBT0R Frorietary hFwB shale inhibitor 82O vol% Y
FLEXFRM Fotassium silicate shale stabili/er O.14 Y
hFERM Amine shale inhibitor O.8O.G vol%
LSTMB Liquid sullonated ashalt 28 vol%
hEwFhASE Blend ol olyqlycerines 11O
hEwFhALT Sulhonated ashalt blend 28
hEwFhFA FhFA O.22 Y
hEwFhFA B FhFA O.251 Y
hEwFhFA BLMw Low molecular weiqht anionic FhFA 18 Y
hEwFhFA BSL very low molecular weiqht FhFA 14 Y
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
FETR0TTE ilsonite 28 Y
KTR0L Fotassium acetate, liquid 2G
h0v TEX Frorietary Blend 15 Y
F0TASSbMChL0RBE Salt As needed
S0LTEX Ashalt 48 Y
FETR0TTE L0bB ilsonite blend liquid 2G
STARTR0L Ashalt blend 2G
TRFLE A Antiaccretion aqent .58.O % Y
OLEON N.V., PQ CORP., PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, QUARON N.V., SETAC,
SPECIAL PRODUCTS, SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
FAYZ0hE STAY Clay Stabili/er
FAYZ0hE STRATAFX Shale/clay stabili/er
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL, VENTURE CHEMICALS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA O2OG Shale control amine O.O11
CC2OO Folymer/lormate shale control O.OO2 Y
CC8OO Coolymer/lormate shale control O.2%O.5% Y
SCOOO Shale control coolymer 1OOO2OOOm
S P O T T I N G F L U I D S , L U B R I C A N T S
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
A0bAMAC Billerential stickinqreventativelor deleted/ones 24% Y
A0bAMAC XFR 0illree dillerential stickinq reventative 24% Y
B0BRLL Folyolbased drillinq/R0F enhancer 24% Y
B0SF0T honhydrocarbon, low toxicity sottinq lluid as needed Y Y
B0SF0T XFR nontoxic, oillree, watersoluble lluid as needed Y
lor lreeinq stuck ie
BLACK MAC 0ilbase sottinq lluid as needed
BLACK MAC CLEAh Environmentallysale sottinq lluid as needed Y
BLACK MAC LT Lowtoxicity, oilbase sottinq lluid as needed
BLACK MAC Sottinq lluid without ashalt as needed Y
FhALT FREE
BLACK MAC SFT 0ilbase sottinq lluid concentrate as needed Y
ECC0LbBE wBM lubricant O.52%
LATLbBE hiqh temerature lubricant 24%
LATMAC wellbore stabili/er and lubricant 51O b
LATRATE Rate ol enetration enhancer and lubricant 24%
lor waterbased lluids
LC-GLIDE Sherical carbonmaterial lortorqueanddraqreduction 212 b Y Y
LCLbBE Si/ed, synthetic qrahite 28 b Y
LCLbBE FhE Si/ed, synthetic qrahite 28 b Y
LbBEG22 wBM lubricant 24% Y
LbBRLBEC0ARSE Sherical CFC lriction reducer As needed
LbBRLBE FhE Sherical CFC lriction reducer As needed
MLLBE Sherical qlass drillinq bead used 2G b
as a boundary lubricant
MLLBE FhE Fine qrade sherical qlass drillinq bead 2G b
MLLBE CF Sherical coolymer drillinq bead used 212 b
as a boundary lubricant
MLLBE CF FhE Fine sherical coolymer drillinq bead 212 b
MLRAFhTE raded qrahite used rimarily to enhance 52O b
lubricity and slidinq
MLLbBE veqetable oilbase boundary and extreme 24% Y
ressure lubricant
hF2 as hydrate inhibitor 1O4O% Y Y
hF8 as hydrate inhibitor 54O% Y
0MhLbBE EF lubricant lor emulsion systems 2.54%
0MhLbBE v2 Lubricant lor invert emulsion drillinq lluids 2.54%
FEhETREX R0Fenhancer &antibit ballinq/accretionadditive 28% Y
FEhETREX hS R0Fenhancerdesiqnedlor horthSeaalications 28% Y
FEhETREX XFR R0F enhancer lormulated lor ollshore use 28%
FLbBRLL FR Friction reducer lor luqdrill outs 12.5 b
FR0TECT0MAC 0il soluble, airblown ashalt used with oil 2G b
FR0TECT0MAC M waterdisersible, airblown ashalt 2G b Y
SbFER hSbLEL nsulatinq acker lluid lor deewater As needed
TE0LbBE Environmentallyaccetable lubricant lor wBM 85%
TE0LbBE hS Environmentallyaccetable lubricant 85%
lor wBM in the horth Sea
TERRARATE R0F enhancer lor TERRAMAX 14%
TERRARATE XFR R0F enhancer lor TERRAMAX 2G%
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BAR0LbBE0LBSEAL Surlactants/lubricant blend 2.OG.O Y
BAR0LbBE hS Surlactants/lubricant blend 2.OG.O Y Y
CM05G8 0il mud lubricant 2.OG.O Y
BRLhSLBE R0F enhancer 2.O5.O% Y Y
EZ SF0T Sottinq lluid concentrate as needed
EhvR0T0R0 Broadsectrum lubricant 2.OG.O Y
EF MbBLbBE Extremeressure lubricant 2.OG.O Y
EZ LBE Lubricant 1.O8.O Y
RAFhTE Carbon latelets 5.O4O.O Y Y Y
L0bBRL R0F enhancer 1.O Y
LbBRABEABS Coolymer bead lubricant, F and C 4.O8.O Y
hXSLbBE Extremeressure lubricant 2.O8.O Y
0bKFREE hiqh erlormance sottinq lluid As needed Y
STCKLESS 2O Sherical qlass beads 4.O8.O Y Y Y
T0R0TRM 22 Lubricant 2.OG.O
T0R0TRM Lubricant 2.OG.O Y Y
T0R0TRM FLbS Lubricant 2.OG.O Y Y
T0R0bELESSB17O Sherical qlass beads 4.O8.O Y Y Y
XLRRATE R0F enhancer 1.O4.O Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL, CRODA, DRILLSAFE JANEL, EMERY, GUMPRO, KEMTRON
TECHNOLOGIES, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, LIQUID CASING, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
ALFhE SF0TTh Lubricatinq beads 812
BEABS
BB Brillinq deterqent O.5G h h Y
BRLFREE hiqherlormance lubricant, antistickinq aqent 18% Y h
BRLKLEEh Anti bit ballinq aqent O.21.O h h Y
BRLKLEEh Anti bit ballinq aqent O.2O.5 h h
FL0LbBE Lubricant lor coiled tubinq alications O.51.5%vol
FL0LbBE hiqherlormance lubricant lor land drillinq 1.O8.O%vol
LYBRL F Folyalkylene qlycol with low cloud oint 717.5 Y h
LYBRL hC Folyalkylene qlycol with hiqh cloud oint 717.5 h h
LYBRL LC Folyalkylene qlycol with low cloud oint 717.5 Y h
LYBRL MC Folyalkylene qlycol with medium cloud oint 717.5 Y h
SEAL Coarse si/ed qrahite 152O Y Y
BLbBE XL Extreme ressure lubricant 1Gvol%
L0T0R0 Lubricant lor FL0FR0 system in Alaska 18 vol%
LbBEFLEX Lubricant lor enhanced BRLFLEX system 18vol%
LbBE XLS Extreme ressure lubricant 1Gvol% Y
LbBE1OO Lowtoxicity lubricant 4G h h Y
LbBE1G7 Lowertoxicity lubricant 41G Y h Y
LbBE77G Lubricant lor LShB muds 18 vol%
LbBE O45 wBM lubricant 41G
M LbBE eneralurose lubricant 18% h h
FFELAX Stuck ie surlactant 8.8 h h Y
FFELAX Ehv Lowtoxicity stuck ie solution 1OO% h h Y
FFELAX Ehv wh water soluble low toxicity stuck ie solution 1OO%
FFELAX 0B Stuck ie solution lor nvert Emulsion systems 1OO%
FFELAX w EXF0RT Stuck ie solution concentrate 8O.8 h h Y
SAFELbBE watersoluble brine lubricant O.Gvol% h h
SAFELbBE Cw watersoluble brine lubricant lor cold weather O.Gvol%
SCREEhKLEEh Screen cleaner lor drillinq tar sands 1
SLBRL EFL Silicatebase extreme ressure lubricant 58% h h
SLLbBE Lubricant lor SLBRL system 18% h h
STARLBE Lubricant lor wBMs 18 vol%
STARLbBE Brine Lubricant 2 vol%
STEEL LbBE EF Extremeressure lubricant 18 vol%
bLTRAFREE R0F Enhancer lor the bLTRABRL system 12 vol%
bLTRAFREE L Lowcost anticrete 12vol%
bLTRAFREE hh honhydrocarbon version ol bLTRAFREE 12vol%
vERSALbBE 0ilsoluble lubricant 18vol% h h
MONTELLO
hME EhERZER Selective nonionic wettinq aqent O.11 Y
1309off_71 71 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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72 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
T0FSF0T hontoxic orqanic blend X
BYhAFREE Blend ol lubricants & surlactants X
BYhAvERT SFT 0nesack blend ol emulsiliers & qellants
Ev0LbBE BFE hFhT Brillinq Ferlormance Enhancer 24 vol% X
Ev0LbBE S Modilied ester R0F enhancer 25 vol% X
hEw1OO Blend ol olyqlycerines 84 vol% X
hEw1OO h Blend ol olyqlycerines 84 vol% X
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
BE2OOO R0F Enhancer
BL1OO EF Lubricant
EC0SF0T Environmentally sale sottinq lluid Y
TRAXX TC Metal Adhereinq Lubricant Y
OLEON N.V., QMAX, SETAC, SPECIAL PRODUCTS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
STRATALbBE Fatty acid based liquid lubricant O.58.O
SbFER LBE BEABS lass beads FMC 12O+ Y
STRATAFLEX Fine Resilient Elastomeric Material 12O+ y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CT 1OO FR Friction reducer
CT 2OO FR Friction reducer
FAYZ0hE FLC SLCK Solids lree ill
FAYZ0hE Solids lree ill
SMARTSEAL PAD
FAYZ0hE STRATA Lubricant
GLIDE
TETRALBE watersoluble brine lubricant O.Gvol% h h
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL, VENTURE CHEMICALS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA G111 Low toxicity sottinq lluid O.52
ALFhA G151 Lubricant/sottinq lluid O.52
ALFhA G15G Lubricant/sottinq lluid O.52
ALFhA G177 Bisersant lubricant, low tox. O.52
S U R F A C TA N T S
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, AQUA-CLEAR, ASAP FLUIDS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
AMFLF0AM Fw Freshwater loaminq aqent 12 qal/1O bbl
AMFLF0AM Sw Saltwater loaminq aqent 12 qal/1O bbl
BAKER CLEAh 5 wB casinq cleaninq system lor removal 8O1OO L/m
3
Y
of WB and OBM contaminants
BAKER CLEAh G A casinq cleaninq system and stabili/er GO8O L/m
3
Y
lor Baker Clean 5 in a viscosilied system
B0C0TE wettinq aqent lor synthetic systems 2.424 L/m
3
Y
CLAYC0TE hT wettinq aqent and secondary emulsilier O.252 b
CLEAhThREAB Fie doe remover varies
MB Biodeqradable drillinq lluid deterqent .O2.O4 qal/bbl
MB Biodeqradable drillinq lluid deterqent .O2.O4 qal/bbl
MCR0FRME 0BM Bislacement System
MLCLEAh watersoluble, biodeqradable deterqent/riq wash 1%
MLCLEAh E Biodeqradable cleaner/deqreaser 1%
MLCLEAh SEA horth Sea aroved riq wash deterqent 1%
MCR0CbRE AF E2 Acidlree mesohase remediation
MCR0CbRE E2 Mesohase remediation
MFC0TE wettinq aqent lor invert emulsion systems O.24.Olb/bbl
MbLFREE RS honemulsilyinq surlactant O.25O.75%
hEXTC0TE wettinq aqent lor invert emulsion systems O.24.Olb/bbl
h0MbL Z honemulsilier lor calcium / /inc brines O.51.O vol %
0MhC0TE wettinq Aqent all emulsion lluids O.11 qal/bbl
FACKMbL wettinq aqent lor 0MhFACK system G1O b
FRME 2OOhT wellbore cleaninq roduct varies
for high temperature displacements
FRME vS hT viscosilier lor hiqh temerature dislacements 81O b
TEChhCLEAh 457O Casinq wash lor oil and synthetic mud As needed
TEChhCLEAh 4575 Casinq wash lor oil and synthetic mud As needed
bLTRA FLbSh weiqhtable wBM/0BM casinq wash As needed
wELL wASh 1OO Casinq wash lor waterbased lluids 22O%
wELL wASh 12O Casinq wash lor waterbased lluids 22O%
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
AKTAFL0S honionic surlactant O.57.O Y
A0bAT0hES honionic surlactant O.57.O Y
BARAKLEAh Beqreaser and oil mud remover As needed Y
BARAKLEAh FL wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h2O Y
BARAKLEAh FL FLbS wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h2O Y Y
BARAKLEAh 0LB wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h2O Y Y
BARAKLEAh hS FLbS wellbore cleaner lor dislacement 5% in h2O Y Y
hFL0w BREAKERS Belayed, insitu liltercake breakers as needed Y Y
C0h BET Mud deterqent O.251.O Y
C0h BET E Surlactant blend O.251.O Y
BhT F0AM Foaminq aqent O.O22.O%
BRLF0AM Foaminq aqent O.11.O% Y
BRLTREAT 0il wettinq aqent O.252.O Y Y Y
EXTEhS0L Salt crystal qrowth inhibitor O.2O.5
FFESCRbB Fie doe remover As needed Y
0bKF0AM Foaminq aqent O.O22.O% Y
BASF, CRODA, DRILLSAFE JANEL, GUMPRO, KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA,
MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
CLEAh bF Surlactant blend 11OO% h h
BB Brillinq deterqent O.5G h h Y
BSFERSE Surlactant O.251 vol%
BEEFCLEAh Solvent/surlactant wash chemical 0/SBM 52O% Y Y Y
BEEFCLEAh hS Solvent/surlactant wash chemical 0/SBM 52O% Y Y
BRLFREE Lubricant, antistickinq aqent 18% Y h
BRLKLEEh Lowtoxicity deterqent O.21 h h Y
BRLKLEEh Anti bit ballinq aqent O.2O.5 h h
BRLZ0hE R0F enhancer 12vol%
BRLZ0hE L Lowcost anticrete 12vol%
BRLZ0hE hS R0F enhancer 12vol%
BRLZ0hE R0F enhancer 12vol%
EC0REEh F Frimary emulsilier 2G Y h
EC0REEh S Secondary emulsilier 2G Y h
ECOKLEEN Anticrete for tar applications
EhvR0BLEhB Salt lor EhvR0vERT system
FAZE0bT Belayed breaker system lor FAZEFR0 system System Y
FAZEMbL Emulsilier lor FAZEFR0 System 812 h h
FAZEwET wettinq aqent lor FAZEFR0 system 812 h h
LYBRL B watermiscible qlycol hydrate inhibitor 82O% h h
hYBRABL0K Beewater hydrate inhibitor 5 vol%
KLEEh bF Surlactant cleaner
LbBE1G7 Lowtoxicity lubricant 41G Y h Y
M 157 Sulemental emulsilier O.52 h h
MbB wASh Riq wash 21Ovol%
NOVAMUL Frimaryemulsilierandwettinqaqent lorsyntheticlluids 28 h h Y
h0vAThh Thinner lor synthetic muds O.52 h h Y
h0vAwET wettinq aqent lor synthetic muds 15 h h Y
h0vAwET Ch Caed wettinq aqent
h0vAwET FLbS Caed wettinq aqent
FARAwET wettinq aqent lor 0BM & SBM 15
SAFEFL0C Surlactant / llocculant solvent blend O.O12.O% h h
SAFEFL0C Surlactant / solvent blend O.O12.O% h h
SAFELbBE watersoluble brine lubricant O.Gvol% h h
SAFELbBE Cw watersoluble brine lubricant lor cold weather O.Gvol%
SAFES0Lv E Fie doe ickle solvent 22O% Y h
SAFES0Lv 0M Bisersible solvent lor 0BMs and SBMs 22O% h h
SAFESbRF E honionicwellborecleaninqaqent lor0BMandwBM 215 vol%
SAFESbRF hS wash chemical 52O vol%
SAFESbRF 0 Concentrated surlactant lor wellbore cleanu 22O% h h
SAFESbRF 0 Bislacement wash chemical lor wBM 11O% h h
SAFESbRF w Surlactantbase deterqent 21O% h h
SAFESbRF wE honionic surlactant blend 21O% h h
SAFESbRF wh Bislacement wash chemical lor wBM 21O% h h
SAFETFCKLE Fie doe solvent 1
SCREEhKLEEh Stos screen blindinq lrom tar & heavy oil O.51 vol%
STARLBE Lubricant lor wBMs 18 vol%
SbREMbL Frimary emulsilier lor synthetic systems 28 h h Y
SbREMbL Eh hondisersive emulsilier lor SBM 28
SbREThh Thinner lor synthetic systems O.52 h h Y
SbREwET wettinq aqent lor SBM systems 15 h h Y
SwA Eh 0BMwettinqaqent lor hiqhbrinecontent systems 15 h h
TARLFT Solvent lor the SABril system O.12 vol%
TARSbRF waterwetter lor the SABril system O.O2O.5 vol%
bLTRAFREE R0F enhancer lor bLTRABRL system 12vol%
bLTRAFREE L Lowcost anticrete 12vol%
bLTRAFREE hh honhydrocarbon version ol bLTRAFREE 12vol%
bLTRAFREE hS R0F enhancer lor wBM 12 vol%
bLTRAFREE R0F enhancer lor bLTRABRL system 12 vol%
vERSAC0AT wettinq aqent & emulsilier 18 h h
vERSAC0AT hF Emulsilier lor 0BM 18 h h
vERSAC0AT hA hiqh llash oint emulsilier lor oil muds 18 h h
vERSATRM Reduces oil on cuttinqs lor 0BM 2G
vERSAwET wettinq aqent lor 0BM 1G h h
MONTELLO
hME EhERZER wettinq aqent, couler lor qilsonite O.1 O.5 FFB h h Y
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
TRbFLbSh well wash 55/1OO
hME Surlace active aqent
TEhS0hEZE Brillinq mud deterqent O.1O.4 Y
OLEON N.V., QMAX, SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
STRATAC0bFLER Liquid couler lor qilsonite, ashalt,etc O.O1 O.O8 Y
SUN DRILLING PRODUCTS, TBC-BRINADD
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
TBSF 0MB Surlactant wash
TBSF 0S0L Surlactant wash
TBSF 0S0L FLbS Surlactant wash
TETRA 0MB Surlactant wash
TETRA 0S0L Surlactant wash
TETRAS0L Surlactant wash
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA G177 Low toxicity. disersant O.1O.4
ALFhA CLEAh 0 Casinq wash/ie doe, low toxicity
ALFhA CLEAh w Casinq wash, toxicity
CATF0AM Cationic loaminq aqent .O2.2 qal/bbl
CwF811RC Multiurose airloam drillinq surlactant .O2.2 qal/bbl
CwF418 Allurose, oiltolerant airdrillinq surlactant .O2.2 qal/bbl
CwF41O 0iltolerant surlactant lor hiqh TBS brines .O2.2 qal/bbl
CwF511 Fresh water airdrillinq surlactant .O2.2 qal/bbl
FwF0AMER Fresh water airdrillinq surlactant .O2.2 qal/bbl
T H I N N E R S / D I S P E R A N T S
AQUALON
A0b B858G Cellulosic disersant and lluid loss additive 18 Y Y
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
1309off_72 72 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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1309off_73 73 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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74 Of fshore September 2013

www.offshore-mag.com
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
ALLTEMF waterbase dellocculant/rheoloqical stabili/er O.52 b Y
with special applications in HT environments
ALL-TEMP XPR Economywater-basedeflocculant/rheological stabilizer .251 b
LC0 round leonardite 28 b Y
LC0h round caustici/ed leonardite 28 b Y
MLTEMF Contaminationresistant hFhT rheoloqical 12 b Y
stabili/er lor wBM, > 5OOF
hEwThh Synthetic dellocculant O.14 L/m8 Y
bhCAL Chromemodilied sodium liqnosullonate 2G b Y
bhCAL CF Chromelree liqnosullonate 15 b Y
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
ATC All temerature thinner 1.O8.O Y
BARAF0S Sodium olyhoshate comound O.11.O Y
BARAThhFLbS Modilied liqnosullonate 2.OG.O Y
CARB0h0X Leonardite 2.O12.O Y Y Y
C0LBTR0L Cold temerature thinner 1.O8.O Y
BEEFTREAT wettinq aqent 1.OG.O Y
EhvR0Thh Chromelree liqnosullonate 2.OG.O Y Y Y
R0hThh ron liqnosullonate 2.OG.O Y
Lh0X FLbS Liqnosullonate thinner lor lime muds 2.O1O.O
0MC 0il mud conditioner .251.5
0MC 42 0il mud conditioner .251.5 Y Y
0MC 2 0il mud conditioner O.1O.5 Y
0MC 8 0il mud conditioner O.11.O Y
0bKThh Ferrochrome liqnosullonate 1.O8.O Y
0bKThh FLbS Chrome liqnosullonate
SAFF Sodium acid olyhoshate O.1O.5 Y Y
ThERMAFL0w 5OO hiqh temerature disersant 14 vol% Y
ThERMAThh hiqh temerature dellocculant O.14.O Y Y
BASF, BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL, CRODA, DRILLING SPECIALTIES CO.,
DRILLSAFE JANEL, EMERY, GRAIN PROCESSING CORP., GUMPRO, KELCO OIL FIELD GROUP,
KEMTRON TECHNOLOGIES, LAMBERTI SPA, LAMBERTI USA, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
CAbSTL Caustici/ed qround liqnite 115 h h Y
CAL0Thh hT EhvR0ThERM system Thinner 2G
CAL0SFERSE EhvR0ThERM system Thinner 41G
CAL0SFERSE ZR EhvR0ThERM system Thinner 41G
BSFERSE XT hiqh tem olymeric disersant 1G Y h
K17 Fotassium caustici/ed liqnite 115 h h Y
h0vAThh Thinner lor synthetic muds O.52 h h Y
h0vAwET wettinq aqent lor synthetic muds 15 h h Y
FTS2OO Folymeric temerature stabili/er 25
FTS58O Alkalinity control aqent O.11vol%
REShEX hiqhtemerature synthetic resin 2G h h Y
REShEX hiqhtemerature synthetic resin 21O h h Y
RhEBbCE Thinner andconditioner lor theRhELAhTsystem O.1O.2
RhE0ChEK Chromelree liqnosullonate 112
RhE0SFERSE Folymeric hiqhtemerature dellocculant 15 h h
ShALE ChEK Shale control & qumbo additive 5 h h
SFERSEhE Chrome liqnosullonate 112 h h Y
SFERSEhE CF ron liqnosullonate 112 h h
SFERSEhE Ferrochrome liqnosullonate O.58 h h Y
SbREThh Thinner lor synthetic RBF systems O.52 h h Y
SbREwET wettinq aqent lor syn. RBF systems 15 h h Y
TACKLE Sodium olyacrylate O.11 h h Y
TACKLE BRY Bry sodium olyacrylate O.12 h h
TAhhAThh round liqnite 115 h h Y
Th2OOO hardness indicator
ThhSMART 0rqanic FCA and rheoloqical additive 1G
vERSAThh Surlactant thinner lor hiqhsolids 0BM O.52 h h
vERSAThh hF versionol vERSAThhmadewithvERSAC0AThF O.52 h h
XF2O h Chrome liqnite, neutrali/ed 115 h h
XF2OK Fotassium caustici/ed chrome liqnite 115 h h Y
NEWPARK DRILLING FLUIDS
BYhABET Beterqent O.18 X
Ev0C0h Fluid conditioner O.12 X
FLEXThh hTZ hiqhtemerature thinner O.51O X
AEC0h Anion surressor O.14 X
hEwFL0w Ferrochrome liqnosullanate 25 X
hEwL Liqnite 21O X
hEwSTABL Fluid stabili/er O.1G X
0FTCLEAh Blend ol surlractants
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
L0bThh Folymeric dellocculant 14 Y
ChEMSFERSE Chrome liqnosullonate 2G Y
BESC0 Modilied tannin 8 Y
BRLLThh 0rqanic mud thinner O.258 Y
EC0SFERSE Modilied liqnosullonate O.255 Y
h0v L Frocessed liqnite G Y
SAFF Sodium acid yrohoshate O.1O.25 Y
PRIME ECO GROUP INC., QMAX, SPECIAL PRODUCTS
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
FERR0BAh 0rqanic iron reducer and sequestrant
FAYZ0hE hE 2OO Emulsion reventor
FAYZ0hE hE 8OO Emulsion reventor
FAYZ0hE 182O Fenetrant, wettinq aqent
TURBO-CHEM INTERNATIONAL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ALFhA G45O 0il mud thinner O.58
WE I G H T I N G A G E N T S
ASAP FLUIDS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
AMMONIUMCHLORIDE Solid salt lor hh4Cl lluids to O q As needed E Y
CALCbM BR0MBE Solid salt lor 15.8 q As needed E Y
CALCbM ChL0RBE Solid salt lor 11.G q As needed E Y
BEEF SwEEF Coarse qround barite to imrove hole cleaninq
hEMATTE ron oxide As needed E Y
hYCAL Calcium chloride solution to 11.G q As needed E Y
hYCAL Calciumchloride/calciumbromidesolutionto15.1q As needed E Y
hYCAL Calcium chloride/calcium bromide/ As needed B
/incbromide solution to 1O.2 q
MLBAR Barite meetinq AF secilications Y
MLBAR 41O Barite with 4.1 secilic qravity Y
MLBAR bF bltra line qrind barite As needed
POTASSIUMCHLORIDE Solid salt lor hoCal lluids to O.7 q As needed E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Bry KC00h lor weiqht u to 18.1 q E Y
S0BbM BR0MBE Fowder lor hoCal lluids to 12.7 As needed E Y
S0BbM ChL0RBE Solid salt lor lluids to 1O q As needed E Y
S0BbM F0RMATE Bry haC00h lor weiqht u to 11 q E Y
w.0. 8O Si/ed, qround calcium carbonate Y
(Multiple grind sizes available)
BAROID FLUID SERVICES
BARACARB 5, 25, Si/ed calcium carbonate 5.OGO.O Y Y Y
5O,15O, GOO
BARAFLb Si/ed salt As needed Y Y Y
2O, 5O, G/8OO
BARAwEhT ron carbonate owder As needed Y
BAR0BEhSE hematite As needed Y
BAR0B Barite As needed Y Y Y
BAR0B 41 4.1 secilic qravity barite As needed Y Y Y
BAR0B F1O 1O micron averaqe diameter barite Y Y Y
hEMATTE ron oxide As needed Y
SwEEFwATE Selectively si/ed barite As needed Y Y Y
BOYSENBLUE/CELTEC INTERNATIONAL For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
CABOT SPECIALTY FLUIDS
CESbM ACETATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q)
CESbM F0RMATE Bensity to 2.8 sq (1O.2 q) E h
CESbM F0RMATE/ Bensity to 2.42 sq (2O.18 q)
ACETATE BLEND
MXEB F0RMATES Bensities lrom 1 sq to 2.8 sq E Y
F0TASSbMF0RMATE Bensity to 1.57 sq (18 q) E Y h
S0BbM F0RMATE Bensity to 1.8 sq (1O.8 q) E Y Y
CHEMTOTAL, DRILLSAFE JANEL, ELKEM AS, MATERIALS, GUMPRO, MAYCO WELLCHEM, MESSINA
For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
M-I SWACO
FER0X AF hematite 15OO Y Y Y
FL0wATE Si/ed salt 4OGO h h
L0wATE Si/ed qround limestone 1O4O h Y
M BAR AF barite 1GOO Y Y Y
M wATE 4.1 sq barite 1GOO h h
SAFECARB Si/ed qround marble 1O5O Y h
wARF Micronsi/ed weiqhtinq aqent System
NOV FLUIDCONTROL
CALCbM BR0MBE Salt As needed
CALCbM ChL0RBE Salt As needed
hEMATTE hematite Y
h0v BAR Barite Y
h0v CARB C Calcium carbonate As needed
h0v CARB F Calcium carbonate As needed
h0v CARB M Calcium carbonate As needed
POTASSIUMCHLORIDE Salt As needed
S0BbM BR0MBE Salt As needed
S0BbM ChL0RBE Salt As needed
SPECIAL PRODUCTS For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
STRATA CONTROL SERVICES, INC.
STRATAC0bFLER Couler lor qilsonite, ashalt and oil Y
TBC-BRINADD For complete listings, visit the online survey at www.offshore-mag.com.
TETRA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
BARITE Insoluble weighting agent
CABR2 Calcium bromide, O5%
EXFRESS, O4% Calcium chloride, O4%
KCL Fotassium chloride, OO%
hABR Sodium bromide, O7%
NACL Drillers Salt
hACL Sodium chloride evaorated salt
TETRA SS C0ARSE Si/e controlled, coarse haCl Y
TETRA SS FhE Select qrind, line qrind haCl Y
TETRA SS MEBbM Si/e controlled, med si/e haCl Y
TETRACARB COARSE Size controlled, coarse CaCO
3
Y
TETRACARB FhE Select qrind, line CaC0
3
Y
TETRACARB FLAKE Si/ed calcium carbonate
TETRACARB MEDIUM Size controlled, medium CaCO
3
Y
CALCbM ChL0RBE Stock lluid
11.G q
CALCbM BR0MBE Stock lluid
14.2 q
ZhBR2/CABR2 Stock lluid
1O.2 S0LbT0h
ZhBR2/CABR2 Stock lluid
2O.5 S0LbT0h
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LTD.
CLEARF0RM K Fotassium lormate solution E
CLEARF0RM S Sodium lormate dry owder E
FOOTNOTES: PLONOR STATUS ONLY GIVEN FOR MATERIALS REGISTERED FOR USE IN THE NORTH SEA
1309off_74 74 9/4/13 4:34 PM


Register for the conference at:
Te American Association of
Drilling Engineers will host
the 2014 Fluids Technical
Conference & Exhibition
covering improvements
and innovations in drilling,
completion, cementing
and fracturing fuids. Tis
conference will be of interest
to major and independent
operators, service companies,
drilling contractors, equipment
and materials manufacturers.
AADE
www.aade.org
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DRILLING ENGINEERS
HOUSTON TEXAS
ApriI 15-16 2014
Hilton Houston North
12400 Greenspoint Drive
Houston, Texas 77060
281-875-2222
PROGRAM COMMTTEE
Lindsay Fraser
lfraser@newpark.com
Ed Malachosky
Ed.Malachosky@chevron.com
CONFERENCE CHARS
Jason Scorsone
Jason.Scorsone@halliburton.com
Fred Growcock
Frederick_Growcock@oxy.com
EXHBTS CHAR
Carolyn Berry
281.293.9800
carolynberry@att.net
SUGGESTED TOPCS:
- Case Histories
- Cementing Fluids
- Completion Fluids
- Corrosion
- Cuttings Injection
- Deepwater
- Drill-In Fluids
- Drilling Fluids
- Emerging Technologies
- Environmental Topics
- Formation Damage
- Fracturing Fluids
- Hole Cleaning
- HTHP
- Hydraulics & Rheology
- Integrated Fluids Management
- Lost Circulation
- Managed Pressure Drilling
- Openhole Cleanup
- Regulatory Compliance
- Shale Drilling
- Sofware Modeling
- Solids Control
- Spacers/Displacements
- Spotting Fluids
- Standards
- Underbalanced Fluids
- Waste Management
- Waste Minimization
AAD
of
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
DRILLING ENGINEERS
Te Global Premier Drilling, Completion, Cementing and Fracturing Fluids Conference
TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION
Those interested in submitting a non-commercial technical paper and making a presentation are invited to
submit a 250 word (maximum) abstract using the AADE template available at www.aade.org
Abstracts will be due by October 11, 2013 | Authors w/// be not/hed o/ acceptance by November 01, 2013
Papers due by February 14, 2014 | Presentations due by March 14, 2014
1309off_75 75 9/4/13 4:34 PM
76 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

ENGI NEERI NG, CONSTRUCTI ON & I NSTALLATI ON
Deepwater work in Gulf of Mexico spurs
strong platform supply vessel market
As feet grows, day rates and utilization remain strong
O
ver the past year, the platform supply
vessel (PSV) market in the US Gulf
of Mexico has experienced great
times. Vessel owners have seen utili-
zation remain high for PSVs of all siz-
es, and day rates in the US Gulf are trending
upward, even as the supply of PSVs grows
due to new deliveries or vessels returning
from other markets.
PSVs are used for a variety of jobs in the
oilfeld sector, providing support and supply
work at various stages, from seismic surveys
to exploration to construction to production
to decommissioning. However, the major
demand driver for PSVs in the US Gulf is
drilling support, and drilling in the US Gulf
is more and more a deepwater activity.
As rigs have moved into deeper waters,
the PSVs required to support them have
become larger, with bigger cargo capacities
and newer technologies for station-keeping
and propulsion. While 10 years ago a 220-ft
(67-m) PSV would have been the top of the
line, operators now look for PSVs that can
be more than 300 ft (91 m) in length. High
deadweight tonnages, deck cargo, dry bulk,
and liquid mud capacities are needed to han-
dle the large amount of supplies needed for
a deepwater drilling campaign. Additionally,
a dynamic positioning system for maintain-
ing position has become necessary, with a
strong preference for DP-2 systems that
have inbuilt redundancy.
The movement toward deepwater has cre-
ated a two-tier vessel market. Older vessels,
which tend to be 200 ft (61 m) or smaller and
may lack dynamic positioning systems, are
now mainly employed on the shelf of the US
Gulf, supporting drilling or workover activi-
ties, minor supply jobs, and production sup-
port at offshore facilities in shallow waters.
Newer, bigger vessels with high deadweight
tonnages and liquid mud capacities take
the deepwater jobs, which promise much
higher day rates. Large, DP-2 PSVs can com-
mand day rates in the mid-$40,000s, while a
180-ft (55-m) PSV with no dynamic position-
ing would earn in the $3,500 to $8,000 range.
As new PSVs enter the market, they tend
to have the effect of pushing older vessels
out of more lucrative jobs. A 290-ft (88-m),
4,000-plus dwt PSV replaces a 200-ft, 2,000-
plus PSV on a drilling support job. The
smaller vessel in turn pushes out an older,
180-ft, 1,000-plus PSV which has been work-
ing short-term jobs on the shelf.
Market conditions are strong enough at
this time that PSVs of all types are in high
Matthew Donovan
IHS Petrodata
Average day rates in the Gulf show a general trend upward for PSVs
of all sizes over the past few years, with some of the most significant
movement seen in rates for PSVs of 3,000 to 3,999 deadweight tonnages.
(Courtesy IHS Petrodata)
The total number of PSVs in the US Gulf has grown to more than 300 ves-
sels currently from a low experienced in 2011 when many vessels exited the
market due to difficult conditions in the post-Macondo US Gulf. Term utiliza-
tion, when vessels have charters of more than 30 days, has increased along
with supply. (Courtesy IHS Petrodata)
1309off_76 76 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2013
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Advisory Board Chairman Welcome:
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Keynote Address:
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Operator Perspective:
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North America, Exploration and Production Corporation
A View From Washington:
Mr. Randall Luthi, President, National Ocean Industries Association
(NOIA)
Industry Outlook:
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78 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

ENGI NEERI NG, CONSTRUCTI ON & I NSTALLATI ON
demand, though the greatest growth in day
rates and utilization is for larger vessels. As
older PSVs outlive their usefulness in the US
Gulf oilfeld market, they may often be sold
to vessel companies operating in regions
such as West Africa or Central America, with
some fnding a new life in cargo transporta-
tion, fshing, or dive support roles.
New construction
The Jones Act requires goods transport-
ed between US ports to be carried by US-
fagged vessels built at domestic shipyards.
To satisfy demand and Jones Act require-
ments, the US Gulf is going through a build-
ing boom cycle, with more than 60 PSVs cur-
rently under construction at various yards
and newbuild options for more available.
Vessels currently under construction range
in length from 190 ft to 320 ft (58 m to 98 m),
with most boasting large liquid mud capaci-
ties, dynamic positioning, and deadweight
tonnages of more than 6,000. More than 50
new US-fagged PSVs have been delivered
to owners over the past three years.
Hornbeck Offshore Services announced
a major newbuild program in late 2011,
which has grown to 20 PSVs and four MPS-
Vs. Since then, other companies, including
Edison Chouest Offshore, Tidewater, Gulf-
Mark Offshore, and Harvey Gulf Interna-
tional Marine, have added to their own new-
build programs.
The burgeoning market has also seen the
entry of some new players in the deepwater
sector via newbuild activity. Bordelon Ma-
rine and Jackson Offshore Operators both
announced newbuild programs of three and
four PSVs, respectively. Previously, the two
companies focused on smaller fast supply
or mini supply vessels, but will enter the
deepwater market upon delivery of recent
orders.
A recent decision by Hornbeck may in-
dicate that the current wave of newbuild
orders has crested. Hornbeck decided to
let further shipyard options for 310 and 320
Class PSVs expire. Hornbeck Chairman,
President and CEO Todd Hornbeck stated
that one of the main reasons the company let
its options go was that they see the market
being fully built out and that announce-
ments of newbuilds by Edison Chouest
Offshore and other competitors effectively
flled the order book and satisfed expected
demand in the domestic PSV market.
Vessel purchases and feet
consolidation
Harvey Gulf International Marine has
been the major purchaser of PSVs in the US
Gulf in recent years. In 2012, Harvey Gulf
purchased nine PSVs from Bollinger Ship-
yards affliate Bee Mar. In May 2013, Har-
vey Gulf acquired a number of vessels from
Gulf Offshore Logistics, including six PSVs.
All of the PSVs Harvey Gulf bought in
2012 and 2013 are DP-2 PSVs measuring 210
ft to 294 ft (64 m to 90 m). The vessels are all
relatively new, delivered from 2009 through
this year. These purchases have helped lift
Harvey Gulf to one of the top vessel compa-
nies in the US Gulf.
These acquisitions are focused on increas-
ing a companys share of high-spec tonnage,
in both cases by the complete acquisition of
another vessel companys deepwater assets.
However, other vessel companies have sold
older vessels that may not suit either the
current US Gulf PSV market or the vessel
companys strategy.
This summer, Aries Marine sold a 185-ft
(56-m) PSV that had been cold stacked for
around three years. At the beginning of the
year, Aries Marine sold a 166-ft (51-m) PSV
and 185-ft PSV, both of which had also been
stacked for an extended period. In both
cases, the non-DP vessels went to buyers
outside the US Gulf and are no longer being
used for traditional oilfeld supply work.
Hornbeck Offshore Services has begun
selling its 220 Class PSVs, with two of the
220-ft vessels sold to smaller independent
vessel companies. Four more vessels re-
main to be sold. Hornbeck said the vessels,
which were built between 1997 and 2000, do
not ft the companys strategy of focusing on
larger, high-specifcation vessels. However,
in contrast with the Aries Marine vessels,
the two 220 Class PSVs that were sold still
work in the US Gulf. The vessels have gone
from the lower end of Hornbecks feet to
the largest PSVs a smaller company owns,
and are currently working shelf jobs.
Upgraded vessels
With larger PSVs commanding the high-
est day rates and experiencing the strongest
demand in the US Gulf, many vessel owners
have taken the opportunity to upgrade some
of their smaller or slightly older PSVs to be
more competitive. These upgrades can be
as simple as improving a vessels dynamic
positioning system, but can also involve
major work such as lengthening the vessel
and increasing liquid mud and deck cargo
capacities.
Upgrading an existing vessel is faster and
less expensive than ordering an entirely new
PSV, so upgrade programs allow owners to
meet demand for high-spec units in a more
timely fashion and to make their vessels
more suitable for deepwater work. Vessel
owners with newly upgraded PSVs in US wa-
ters report increased day rates and longer
charters for their PSVs, compared to those
earned before the improvements. Though
an upgrade can take a PSV out of the mar-
ket for several months and has its own as-
sociated costs, the investment has proven
worthwhile for many owners.
GulfMark Offshore completed the frst
phase of its stretch program this year, which
involved six PSVs being taken from 190 ft to
225 ft (58 m to 69 m), with liquid mud capac-
ity increases of around 2,000 bbl. During 2Q
2013, GulfMark started a new stretch pro-
gram which will take PSVs from 210 ft to 260
ft (64 m to 79 m). The frst of 10 PSVs which
could be stretched under this program is
now in the yard. Looking ahead, GulfMark
has said that four more 190-ft PSVs will be-
come candidates for upgrade in 2015.
Hornbeck Offshore Services is well into
its own 200 Class retroft program, which
was announced last year. Bollinger Ship-
yards is upgrading and stretching six Horn-
beck PSVs, lengthening them from 200 ft to
240 ft, boosting deadweight tonnage by 600
metric tons, doubling liquid mud capacity to
8,000 bbl, and changing dynamic positioning
from DP-1 to DP-2. Work on the frst two of
these vessels is complete, and all six vessels
should be redelivered by the end of the year.
Harvey Gulf International Marine has made
plans to upgrade fve of the PSVs acquired
from Bee Mar in 2012. The 210-ft PSVs are
to be lengthened to 270 ft (82 m), with liquid
mud capacity increased from 6,300 bbl to
around 10,000 bbl and deadweight tonnage
going up by around 1,000 metric tons.
Return of PSVs
Following the Macondo blowout in April
2010, the subsequent drilling moratorium,
and the following slow pace of well permit-
ting in the US Gulf, many PSVs left the re-
gion to fnd work in Brazil, Mexico, West
Africa, and other parts of the world. How-
ever, with US-fagged vessels now in high
demand, a number of PSVs have returned
to the region.
Since the beginning of 2013, eight US-
fagged PSVs of more than 230 ft (70 m)
have returned to US waters from multi-year
charters overseas. PSVs owned by Harvey
Gulf, Otto Candies, Tidewater, and Horn-
beck have come back, with many of these
vessels securing long-term contracts that
begin soon after arrival.
Some vessel owners indicate more US-
fagged PSVs could return to the US Gulf
to capitalize on current demand, either at
the end of current contracts or by being
replaced on overseas jobs with a foreign-
fagged vessel.
Advantages to US vessel owners of bring-
ing PSVs back to the US Gulf can include
higher day rates for their vessels, a more
stable regulatory regime, and greater ac-
cess to repair and maintenance facilities for
their vessels.
1309off_78 78 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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1309off_79 79 9/4/13 4:34 PM
80 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
Prototype AUV advances
deepwater inspection capabilities
Field trial shows that system can detect anomalies on platforms
Roy Long
National Energy
Technology Laboratory
US Department of Energy
U
nder the Energy Policy Act of 2005
(Sec. 999), the DOEs National Ener-
gy Technology Laboratory (NETL)
is charged with funding and imple-
menting programs aimed at develop-
ing the nations deepwater, unconventional,
and mature assets in line with projected
energy needs for the 21st century. The Re-
search Partnership to Secure Energy for
America (RPSEA) is a key component of
this effort.
Administered through a nonproft orga-
nization, RPSEA emphasizes governmental,
private, and academia partnerships to de-
velop medium to long lead time solutions to
challenges in deepwater and unconventional
resources development.
Recent events in the Gulf of Mexico have
led to even greater emphasis on safe and
environmentally benign technologies within
the program for deepwater development,
leading NETL to impose a safety and envi-
ronmental sustainability overlay on its ongo-
ing Sec. 999-funded R&D.
The focus here is the results of one such
effort, an autonomous underwater vehicle
(AUV) designed to inspect deep and ultra-
deepwater structures and seafoor anomalies.
Research project
A research project directed by Lockheed
Martin has developed and is testing an AUV
capable of sophisticated equipment inspec-
tion and monitoring in deepwater. The re-
search project, with funding from NETL,
recently tested the AUV on structures in the
Gulf of Mexico.
Deepwater inspection
challenges
Management of deepwater felds requires
routine general inspection of critical infra-
structure. To date, the only means of conduct-
ing such inspections has been through the
use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).
Deepwater ROV spreads are big and heavy,
requiring large support vessels with dynamic
positioning capability and a signifcant num-
ber of personnel at sea. AUV capabilities have
been improved to the point that they can now
conduct unassisted detailed inspection of
subsea facilities. Benefts of autonomous in-
spection include:
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t 4JNVMUBOFPVT PQFSBUJPOT GSPN B TJOHMF
support vessel
t -BSHF TUBOEPGG EJTUBODFT GSPN UIF GBDJM-
ity being inspected
t *ODSFBTFE PQFSBUJPOT TBGFUZ
t 3FEVDFE FOWJSPONFOUBM JNQBDU
t 3FEVDFE TQFDJDBUJPO SFRVJSFNFOUT PO
support vessel
t 4NBMMFS EFDL GPPUQSJOU
t %ZOBNJD QPTJUJPOJOH OPU SFRVJSFE
t 'FXFS QFSTPOOFM BU TFB
t 3FEVDFE NPCJMJ[BUJPO DPTUT
t 'BTUFS SFTQPOTF UP FNFSHFODZ JOTQFDUJPOT
The operational concept is to have an AUV
autonomously inspect an offshore oil and gas
platform with minimal user input. The user sim-
ply chooses the platform facility, and specifes
how much of the platform is to be inspected
using a command and control user interface.
The AUV autonomously plans the inspection
path around the platform, executes this path
to collect sonar data, builds a 3D model of the
platform in real-time, and executes change de-
tection to identify anomalies.
'FFECBDL PG UIF QBUI PG UIF "67 BOE UIF
detected anomalies is provided to the operator
in near real-time. The in situ 3D model of the
platform constructed from the current inspec-
tion, along with 3D models of the anomalies,
are available to the operator upon recovery of
the AUV. These models can be exported to a
variety of formats to address the needs of in-
The Lockheed Martin Marlin AUV deploying for
trials in the Gulf of Mexico.
Platform model and Marlin flight path, unprocessed 3D Sonar image, and real-time processed sonar
image (onboard Marlin) with highlights showing positive and negative changes.
1309off_80 80 9/4/13 4:34 PM
dividual users. The Offshore Platform Inspec-
tion System (OPIS) is composed of three pri-
mary subsystems: the Marlin vehicle system,
an autonomous perception system, and an
autonomous response system.
The integration of the major autonomy com-
ponents is achieved via well-defned interfaces.
These allow for the independent development
of key autonomy technologies as well as the
rapid insertion of plug-and-play capabilities.
These interfaces follow the ASTM F25411
draft autonomy standard where applicable.
This standard defnes a messaging interface
in terms of message content without regard to
transmission protocols or mechanisms. Initial
testing and development of the integrated sys-
tem was performed in a simulation laboratory
which provides vehicle dynamics, 3D imaging
sonar data, and inertial navigation data. This lab
testing addressed many integration issues early
in the integration process, thereby reducing the
need for expensive sea trials.
Vehicle system
The Marlin AUV is a mature Lockheed
Martin product which has been used on
multiple missions. The system consists of
the AUV; an operations and maintenance
(O&M) van; a launch and recovery system;
and a shipboard cradle assembly.
The O&M van, launch and recovery crane,
and the shipboard cradle assembly is each con-
fgured with standard 20-in. ISO fttings, which
simplifes shipping and shipboard mounting.
Mobilization is straightforward, and the entire
system can be installed in three lifts. This sim-
ple and effcient confguration is operated and
maintained by three people: a vehicle operator,
a crane operator, and a deck hand. Marlins pat-
ented autonomous underwater homing capture
and lift provides a robust and simple approach
to vehicle recovery, unlike the sometimes risky
and weather-dependent surface recovery meth-
ods. The small footprint of the AUV system also
allows for deployment on a smaller, less expen-
sive vessel when compared to a standard ROV
spread.
Data collection
and processing
The autonomous perception system trans-
forms the sensor data into information. Autono-
mous perception technologies have been dem-
onstrated in the air and ground domains using
ladar point clouds. These are similar in format,
though not in quality, to the data available from
a 3D imaging sonar. Lockheed Martin autono-
mous response and perception technologies
are modifed and adapted to the undersea envi-
ronment to achieve the goals of the OPIS.
The perception system is responsible for
processing the 3D imaging sonar data to gen-
erate 3D models of the offshore oil and gas
platform. During structural surveys, the sonar
1309off_81 81 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
Verification and validation exercises were
performed in the Gulf of Mexico using decommis-
sioned offshore oil and gas platforms.
is compared to a prior model of the platform to
detect changes. Because of the uncertainty in
the vehicle pose (and hence the sensor pose)
provided by the navigation unit, the sonar data
must frst be properly aligned to the prior
model before it is assembled into a changed
model. This alignment is performed using a
random sample consensus (RANSAC) over
the sonar points to fnd the pose adjustment
that aligns the largest number of sonar points
to the model. The prior models are built using
this same alignment approach, but incoming
sonar data is aligned to the model built so far
from the earlier data. This process is typically
guided by a human operator to insure the
quality of the resulting model.
Navigation
Autonomous response is responsible for
guiding the vehicle safely through the in-
spection mission. The response system pro-
vides mission planning, high-level guidance
and contingency detection, assessment, and
response capabilities for the AUV. Mission
planning is separated into two phases.
First, a high-level planner narrows the user-
defned search area to a tractable planning space
while ensuring each section of the platform is
visible to the sonar. Then, a detailed planner
generates an optimized trajectory for the vehicle
which ensures maximum sonar frustum cover-
age while maintaining a desired distance from
the platform. (In 3D computer graphics, the frus-
tum is the region of space in the modeled world
that may appear on the screen.)
The detailed planner accounts for vehicle
constraints and sea currents to ensure that the
planned path is dynamically feasible. The high-
level guidance module directs the vehicle along
the planned trajectory. This module attempts
to minimize deviation from the path while
maximizing time spent with the vehicle in the
1309off_82 82 9/4/13 4:34 PM
www.offshore-mag.com t September 2013 Of fshore 83
PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
planned orientation along the path. The former
is needed to ensure the vehicle maintains the
desired distance from the platform, while the
latter is required to ensure that the planned so-
nar frustum coverage is achieved.
Even with effective planning and guidance,
unexpected events can occur. The contingen-
cy detection system identifes these events.
This module is decoupled from the guidance
and navigation software, and allows for lever-
aging tested and proven software components
from existing systems. The contingency de-
tection, assessment, and response system is
based on the Lockheed Martin Mission Ef-
fectiveness and Safety Assessment (MENSA)
system. A separate contingency assessment
and response system provides the ability to
implement multi-tiered responses to detected
contingencies.
Tests and feld trials
Integration of the three primary OPIS
components vehicle, autonomous response
system, and autonomous perception system
was initially evaluated in the simulation
laboratory. Performance of the autonomy al-
gorithms was validated on tactical hardware
in a low-risk, reduced-cost environment that
allowed for robust verifcation and testing
of the system before offshore trials. This
allowed the team to proceed offshore with
increased confdence that the system would
perform as designed, with a reduced risk of
losing or damaging the vehicle or structures
being inspected.
The team also performed verifcation and
validation exercises in the Gulf of Mexico
using decommissioned offshore oil and gas
platforms. These exercises prove that the
system is capable of quickly, accurately, and
safely completing a structural survey of an
offshore oil and gas platform with minimal
operator interaction and oversight.
Through these exercises, the team verifed
the systems ability to build a model of a plat-
form and detect anomalies in an operational
environment. This combination of technolo-
gies is an improvement over current state-of-
the-art offshore inspection capabilities.
The Marlins inspection capabilities con-
tinue to be improved. Future capabilities will
include:
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down points, and strakes
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crossover, scouring, and corrosion po-
tential
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UTA inspection, leak detection, thermal
and debris survey
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inspection system capable of generating
highly precise stick diagrams suitable for
CAD/CAM software to generate as built
drawings. (If this capability had been pres-
ent during Macondo, an accurate drawing
of the wellhead, suitable for capping stack
design, could have been made in one day.)
NETL deepwater portfolio
This project is representative of the R&D
work being undertaken via the Section 999
Program to ensure safe and effcient develop-
ment of the nations deepwater and ultra-deep-
water assets. Altogether, NETL has over 30
active deepwater and ultra-deepwater projects
in various stages of progress, with another 17
to be added from the 2012 program. Proposals
for research under the 2011 Ultra-Deepwater
Program are in negotiations following awards.
Requests for proposals (RFPs) for the 2012
Ultra-Deepwater Program have been posted
on RPSEAs website at www.rpsea.org. Cur-
rent information for the 2012 RFP solicitation
can be accessed on the Current Request for
Proposals page under the Business with RP-
SEA menu button. Proposals for Round 1 of
the 2012 Ultra-Deepwater Program R&D proj-
ects are due on Sept. 25, 2013.
3D sonar constructed platform model, viewing a decommissioned platform from a subsurface
perspective.
1309off_83 83 9/4/13 4:34 PM
84 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
Detailed imaging and careful measurement
boost field recovery rates
Enhanced recovery plan should be considered long before it is needed
G
reat philosophers almost universally
maintain that we learn more from our
mistakes than from our successes.
This quirk of human nature prob-
ably explains why many automobile
owners go to great lengths to coax one more
year out of their ancient vehicles, when it
would have been wiser to have taken bet-
ter care of them in the frst place. Sadly, the
analogy also applies to our own bodies, as
many of us have experienced.
Reservoirs are no different. Their pro-
duction behavior after a couple of decades
refects the care they were given when they
were frst developed and completed. When
they fnally stop producing on their own,
we come up with all sorts of techniques to
extend their economic life. These include
artifcial lift, water fooding, pressure main-
tenance, and in-fll drilling projects. Some-
where near the end of the line are enhanced
oil recovery (EOR) schemes. The current
favorite, by a large margin, is thermal, fol-
lowed by chemical and biological, or micro-
bial.
With all these techniques at the com-
mand of the worlds producing companies,
one would think we are at the brink of near
total recovery of every drop of hydrocarbon
from our reservoirs. In fact we are far from
it. Although some conventional natural gas
reservoirs have recovery factors near 80%,
most reservoirs reach their economic limits
somewhere short of 40%.
The lesson for success at improved re-
covery has been staring us in the face for
a century. On Jan. 10, 1901, Patillo Higgins
and his partners brought in the infamous
Spindletop gusher that blew an estimated
100,000 barrels of oil into the Southeast Tex-
as sky. Lesser gushers were the distinctively
un-scientifc way oil producers recognized
success. About 20 years later the Schlum-
berger brothers invented a way to assess the
potential of subsurface reservoirs without
having them spew a large volume of their
potential profts onto the lease. Logging, or
electrical coring as it was known at the time,
could help an operator by answering a few
basic questions: Are hydrocarbons present?
Where are they? Will they produce? How
much? The Schlumberger inventions were
accompanied by drilling and well control
technology that quelled the gushers that
had up to that point characterized discovery.
The fact that critical reservoir knowledge
could be obtained remotely without losing
control of the well intrigued drillers, espe-
cially with the development of the dipmeter
log, which answered a ffth, and very impor-
tant, question: Where should we drill the
next well?
Subsurface measurement
This is the point where a critical lull oc-
curred in reservoir knowledge. Logs were
able to tell geoscientists and engineers
many valuable facts about the formations
pierced by the drill bit, but they could not
tell what was really inside the reservoir,
between the wells. Conventional wisdom at
the time was that wells could be accurately
correlated, and that the intervening geol-
ogy was simply a continuation of what was
observed in the wells. The only techniques
that shed light on the reservoir volumes ex-
isting between the wells were seismic and
well-testing. However, both had their limita-
tions. Inter-well knowledge was enhanced
by the introduction of production logs that
could be run into producing wells through
tubing to measure dynamic production pa-
rameters that shed light on reservoir behav-
ior. Still, the ultimate solution was elusive.
The evolution of subsurface measure-
ment technology took decades. In the mean-
time, several early reservoirs were reaching
their limits: they either produced unaccept-
able water cuts, or coned gas, or petered out
altogether due to loss of reservoir pressure.
Operators reasoned that residual hydro-
carbons could be harvested by applying
artifcial lift, water fooding, or gas-cap pres-
surization. These techniques worked, up to
a point. It soon became obvious that water
injected in one well was simply being pro-
duced from a neighboring well. Both would
be shut in as operators moved on to greener
pastures.
Dick Ghiselin
Contributing Editor
Powerful production simulators like PipeSIM help operators understand how a subsea reservoir is
draining so that recovery can be maximized. (Illustration courtesy Schlumberger)
1309off_84 84 9/4/13 4:34 PM
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86 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
But when reservoir engineers compared
cumulative production from the reservoir
to original-oil-in-place (OOIP) estimates, it
became obvious that as much as 70% of the
OOIP was still in the reservoir. Analysis re-
vealed that the residual oil was trapped by a
variety of geological or petrophysical condi-
tions. High oil viscosity was a big factor, and
this paved the way for the thermal, chemi-
cal, and biological recovery techniques that
achieved reasonable success over the years.
However, many were cost-prohibitive in all
but the giant reservoirs. Another factor was
relative permeability. Relative permeability
modifers have been successful in reducing
water cut and allowing residual oil to fow
through water-wet pores.
But the biggest factor restricting hydro-
carbon production is reservoir heterogene-
ityin other words, the unknowns between
the wells. Reservoir heterogeneity appears
as undetected compartmentalization, or at
worst, as highly complex mineralogy. En-
gineers agreed that it would be extremely
valuable to have this knowledge in advance.
Building a knowledge base
Recently, time-lapse techniques have en-
abled reservoir managers to deduce how
hydrocarbons move through the reservoir.
4D seismic imaging has seen success, par-
ticularly where gas is involved. Cross-well
tomography has enabled inter-well resistiv-
ity imaging with enough precision to allow
the siting of infll wells or steering of side
tracks to improve sweep effciency. The big-
gest disadvantage to time-lapse techniques
is that they are reactive processes; achieving
maximum reservoir productivity requires
predictive processes.
Leaseholders today are fnding that they
can improve reservoir productivity by im-
proving their base knowledge. That means
building the highest quality 3D reservoir
model possible using all the measurements
taken during the exploration, drilling, and
completion processes. Any physician will tell
you that the chances of detecting and treat-
ing the diseases and infrmities of later life
are greatly improved by a good set of base
images taken before you start having prob-
lems. The same is true for hydrocarbon res-
ervoirs. With a high-quality 3D base model,
the most subtle changes are highlighted in
subsequent images. These provide clues on
how the hydrocarbons are moving toward
the producing wells, any obstacles they are
encountering, and any signifcant volumes
of residual hydrocarbons.
Planning is the best way to assure maxi-
mum early recovery, and to predict what
will likely occur as the reservoir continues
to drain. This allows operators to take reme-
dial steps to manage their production, avoid-
ing many pitfalls.
Timing is key
Some may argue that all this planning and
measurement-taking costs too much. How-
ever, it is better to spend money up front to
build an accurate knowledge base than to
wait until problems occur, which can neces-
sitate far more costly interventions or reme-
dial work. Also, some of the most valuable
data can only be obtained by open-hole log-
ging and sample-taking. Once casing is set,
the opportunity to acquire the data is gone,
or at least severely compromised. Measure-
ments taken during exploration, drilling,
and initial completion can be capitalized as
part of fnding and development costs. How-
ever, remedial work to improve well perfor-
mance is considered lifting costs, and must
be expensed.
A good example can be found in Califor-
nias San Joaquin valley. Years ago, when
production from the famed Kern River feld
waned, the reactive decision was to estab-
lish a food program to sweep the remaining
oil toward designated producing wells. The
fresh water steam used to food the reser-
voir swept some of the oil as expected, but
left hundreds of thousands of barrels be-
hind, trapped in isolated pockets. Resistivity
tools deployed to fnd these pockets were
unable to discriminate between the highly
resistive oil and the equally resistive fresh
condensed steam. Only recently has a new
logging tool been introduced that can differ-
entiate between oil and fresh water, but in
the meantime millions of dollars have been
spent trying to solve the problem.
With quality measurements, modern
reservoir or production simulators can be
used to predict future conditions, quantify
the implications of problems, and even dry-
test proposed solutions. Reservoirs must
be managed and solutions designed using
a holistic approach. The performance of
each well affects that of all other wells in the
production unit whether the other wells are
producers or injectors.
Perhaps the combination of available new
technology in the form of more precise mea-
surements, the capability of running several
different logs on a single trip through uni-
versal combinability, and increasingly so-
phisticated LWD tools will encourage better
understanding of our offshore reservoirs.
Giant deepwater discoveries represent
huge investments. Operators may be loath
to pass up any measurement that could af-
fect subsequent reservoir management
plans for maximum recovery and so maxi-
mum return on their investment. Offshore
seismic, logging, well testing and reservoir
modeling have reached world-class status in
terms of accuracy, resolution, and reliability.
Operators can use these to enhance their
reservoir knowledge before production
problems occur. Engineered solutions based
on good data will enable better recovery fac-
tors. In the past, EOR was implemented as a
last resort, when all else failed. However, for
maximum effectiveness, EOR must be part
of the game plan from the beginning.
The recently introduced Dielectric Scanner is
the first logging device that can discriminate oil
from fresh water, allowing operators to charac-
terize and make effective EOR decisions about
reservoirs that have undergone water or steam
injection. (Photo courtesy Schlumberger)
1309off_86 86 9/4/13 4:35 PM
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1309off_87 87 9/4/13 4:35 PM
A comparison of liquid meters.
Meter Type Features Benefts
Turbine very linear and reeatable deal lor rovinq
Cost ellective meter ood emirical data
Larqe installation base
bltrasonic ho intrusive arts, can be used Low maintenance costs
on dirty lluids Condition based monitorinq
very low ressure loss wide oeratinq ranqe
Selldiaqnostic caability
nsensitive to viscosity chanqes
Coriolis Measures mass llow rate directly deal lor asset manaqement billed in mass
Tolerance ol qas entrainment
Frovides continuous quality measurement
Fositive hiqh turndown deal lor hiqh viscosity duties
dislacement ood lor low llowrates
88 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
Metering can extend production
on aging platforms
Optimizing uncertainty may pay of f in longer asset life
A
s evolving technologies enable North
Sea platforms to produce beyond
their original design life, many opera-
tional factors come into play. Issues
that directly impact productivity and
downtime are a high priority. Among these,
metering systems should be regarded as
critical. They determine the quantity and
quality of oil and gas recovered, and their
control systems effectively form the cash
register of the whole production process.
In the UK, they also act as the fscal tax point
with the Department of Energy & Climate
Change (DECC). Consequently, unreliable,
poorly designed, or obsolete metering sys-
tems can result in signifcant fnancial expo-
sure.
Thirty years on from the North Sea boom
of the 1980s, many platforms remain viable,
but produce far less than in their heyday.
Metering technologies from the 80s gener-
ally perform best when fow rates are at the
higher end of their design spectrum. Pro-
duction declines stretch the limits of their
operating envelopes. It follows that metering
systems on these aging platforms are likely
to have diminishing performance from a me-
tering uncertainty perspective.
Whether metering for allocation on a
shared network (as is common in the North
Sea), for custody transfer (where tax liabili-
ties are calculated), or for operational pur-
poses, optimum measurement uncertainty
is vital. When loading a large crude carrier,
a 0.5% measurement uncertainty typically
equates to more than $2 million. If an offcial
audit discloses a measurement error, DECC
must be alerted. From that point, the opera-
tor has three weeks to identify the problem.
DECC will calculate how the miscalculation
applies to royalties and consult with the op-
erator to agree an acceptable solution and
timescales.
Good oilfeld practice dictates that when
the original operating range changes, a re-
view should be undertaken to ensure the
metering system remains ft for purpose.
This is a specifc requirement of the Mea-
surement Model Clause of petroleum pro-
duction licenses in the UK. Whats more, it
protects the operators bottom line.
Repeated metering system failure or poor
audit performance usually indicates that at-
tention is needed. However, selecting the
most appropriate course of action is not sim-
ple. There are many factors involved, includ-
ing the weight, space, and time constraints
familiar to all offshore hardware designers.
When upgrading or replacing metering
systems on existing platforms, the usual
challenges are compounded by the fact that
original sales agreements from the plat-
forms inception need to be considered. Of-
ten, these infexible contracts involve mea-
surement principles that do not dovetail with
todays best available technologies. Specify-
ing metering systems for aging platforms is
almost as much about contract interpreta-
tion and mediation as it is about engineering
skill. Historic measurement standards and
contracted agreements need to be consid-
ered alongside production challenges, good
oilfeld practice, and appropriate technolo-
gies to ensure a good ft.
The fact that metering instruments are
mounted on skids along with other equipment
also has a bearing on their design and selec-
tion. Integrator engineers plan and build every
system as a bespoke project because each ap-
plication is individual. Sometimes with aging
platforms, decisions surrounding metering
technologies are shaped by the dimensions or
accessibility of an existing component on the
skid. This scenario can infuence whether to
retroft or replace equipment.
Despite these challenges, specifying me-
tering systems for an existing platform has
one critical advantage over the same chal-
lenge for a greenfeld site. Available empiri-
cal data enables engineers to predict the fow
rates likely to be experienced over time.
Typically, engineers consider the projected
productivity of a platform over fve years,
and develop a solution equipped for shifting
fow rates as well as likely pressure and tem-
perature changes. This knowledge informs
technology choices and enables integrators
to optimize system design and confguration.
DECC guidelines
Any metering strategies or instruments
changes need to bear witness to offcial
guidelines from DECC. However, the guid-
ance is not prescriptive and does not approve
or recommend specifc meters. Rather, it
should be expertly interpreted by metering
specialists, in consultation with both the op-
erator and DECC representatives.
Prior to feld start-up, operators provide
DECC with a Functional Design Specifca-
tion for the agreed measurement approach.
This includes diagrams of piping systems
immediately upstream and downstream of
metering and sampling systems, as well as
details of calculations, software, calibration
procedures, and uncertainty analyses. When
metering systems are upgraded or replaced,
Nick Hull
Sharon Marsh
Jim Gray
Alderley
1309off_88 88 9/4/13 4:35 PM

The
higher
we
go,
the
farther
we
see.
At Repsol we know that behind every
great triumph theres an even greater
challenge. Thats why we push ahead
day by day in building the brightest
future by developing intelligent
energy solutions. Our success is based
on our teams effort, innovative
approach, leadership, and personal
and professional growth.
F I N D O U T M O R E A T R E P S O L . C O M
A comparison of gas meters.
Meter Type Features Benefts
bltrasonic ho intrusive arts, can be used on dirty lluids Low maintenance costs
very low ressure loss Condition based monitorinq
Selldiaqnostic caability wide oeratinq ranqe
Additional measurement caability
0rilice Larqe nstalled base Boes not need to be sent away lor calibration
Field verilication
Minimal oeration skills set required
PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
DECC must be consulted and notifed of the
strategy and its justifcation. Upon success-
ful completion, installation, calibration, and
testing of the new system, DECC issues a
notice of non-objection to the operator for
use with custody transfer systems.
DECCs recommendations are best de-
scribed as an ethos. To quote the guide-
lines, their purpose is to provide operators
with guidance on DECCs expectations as
to what constitutes Good Oilfeld Practice,
as required by the Measurement Model
Clause of an operators Petroleum Produc-
tion Licence, for the full range of fscal mea-
surement scenarios that are likely to be en-
countered in practice.
That is to say, if a platform produces sev-
eral million barrels per day, it needs to use
the best available metering systems appro-
priate to the application, with the lowest lev-
els of uncertainty.
Uncertainty versus accuracy
Oil and gas metering involves intricate sta-
tistical analysis surrounding uncertainty val-
ues. The words accuracy and uncertainty
are sometimes interchanged, but the actual
difference between them is signifcant.
Accuracy of measurement is the older
phrase and its internationally agreed defni-
tion is the closeness of the agreement
between the result of a measurement and a
true value of the measurand (the medium
being measured). The defnition also notes
that accuracy is a qualitative concept it
can be high or low, for example, but strictly
speaking should not be used quantitatively.
However, in practice it is often used quanti-
tatively by bending the defnition to something
like the difference between a measured value
and the true value. This leads to the use of
phrases like accurate to X. Unfortunately
this unoffcial defnition breaks down because
it inherently assumes that a true value can
be defned, known, and realized perfectly.
Even the fnest national measurement labora-
tories cannot realize perfect values.
Uncertainty of measurement acknowl-
edges that no measurements can be perfect,
and is defned as a parameter, associated
with the result of a measurement, that char-
acterizes the dispersion of values that could
reasonably be attributed to the measurand.
It is typically a range in which the value is
estimated to lie, within a given statistical
confdence, but it does not attempt to defne
or rely on a unique, true value.
So, common usage of the word accuracy
for quantitatively describing the characteristics
of measuring instruments is incompatible with
its offcial meaning. Whats more, its common
1309off_89 89 9/4/13 4:35 PM
90 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
usage defnition is signifcantly cruder than the
proper metrological term uncertainty.
Evaluating uncertainty
An important facet of metering best prac-
tice lies in understanding and interpreting
ISO 5168, the international standard for
evaluating uncertainty of a fuid fow rate
or quantity. This standard provides a global
landmark and creates a level playing feld
for all oil and gas metering specialists and
operators. ISO 5168 looks at contributing
components and uses sophisticated statisti-
cal methods to determine whether metering
values comply with project specifcations. It
establishes common principles for proce-
dures surrounding uncertainty calculations
and forms the basis of the DECC guidelines.
A clear alignment with ISO 5168 from the
outset of system development brings advan-
tages. Understanding and referring to its
principles throughout the engineering pro-
cess can inform the selection and justifca-
tion of different technologies integrated into
a metering system. It enables recommenda-
tions to be qualifed and can provide strong,
evidence-based rationale for any deviations
from the initial client brief for a project.
On an ongoing basis, metering special-
ists can assist operators in scheduling audits
and calibrations. This helps prolong the life
of older systems or maximize the working
life of new systems while maintaining an ac-
ceptable level of uncertainty.
Condition-based monitoring is becoming
more mainstream, using available data to
ascertain whether a system is behaving as it
should. Typically, software uses the data to
generate diagnostic information and sound
alarms for early detection of imminent fail-
ures or possible measurement errors. This is
an advantage, but the extent to which it can
be accomplished depends on the available di-
agnostic data from the instrumentation.
Metering best practice
When uncertainty measurements regu-
larly exceed the agreed level, any equip-
ment upgrade or replacement decisions are
dictated partly by opex relative to the asset.
There is a clear synergy between operator
and DECC requirements. The more produc-
tive the platform, the more the operator can
lose if uncertainty is too high. Likewise, a
high-production platform pays a larger pe-
troleum revenue tax (PRT) to DECC.
The combined challenges of aging plat-
form performance, existing sales contract
restrictions, and DECC guidance make me-
tering best practice a balancing act. Even
within these tight parameters there is a
range of variables that can make the differ-
ence between a satisfactory metering sys-
tem and an outstanding one.
Initially, specialist metering engineers con-
duct a detailed front-end engineering design
study that analyzes past metering reports and
log fles. Understanding historic fow rates
facilitates predictions of production trends
over time. It is useful to see how productivity
fuctuates as well as the upper and lower fow
rates expected. Metering specialists normally
collaborate with the operators engineers to
understand weight and size restrictions, as
well as other practicalities surrounding in-
stallation. The logistics of removing obsolete
equipment and shipping and maneuvering
the new systems has a bearing on design. It is
often necessary to manufacture skids in seg-
ments, since their route across the platform
is as signifcant as the fnal space envelope.
Metering control systems need to follow
the same philosophy of design strategy. Thor-
ough, up-front understanding of operational
and reporting requirements can ensure the
system is intuitive and provides full data ac-
countability.
Consideration of existing infrastructure
and data reporting is paramount to facilitate
integration. Comprehensive electrical and
instrumentation design can ensure expen-
sive, time-consuming installation work is at
a minimum through measures such as reus-
ing existing feld cabling. And use of long life,
standard form-factor servers designed for in-
dustrial/commercial use as opposed to PCs
reduces the risk of obsolescence.
Technology choices
Various factors infuence the selection, as-
sembly, and confguration of a metering sys-
tem. Making the most effective technology
choices to minimize uncertainty is an impor-
tant part.
Good repeatability the ability of an in-
strument to produce the same result when
measuring the same quantity is one con-
sideration. However, repeatability should
not be confused with accuracy, since an in-
strument can be repeatedly wrong.
In addition to good design and careful manu-
facture, metering system performance depends
on accurate and traceable calibration at an ac-
credited laboratory. Complete metering sys-
tems need a traceability chain for every item
that contributes to the fnal measurement. The
uncertainty of all the relevant devices then must
be combined in the correct manner and in the
correct proportions to calculate the uncertainty
for the whole system.
Further practical considerations include
viscosity of process medium, pressure and
temperature ranges, and fuctuation in typical
fow rates and quantities. Decisions are also
infuenced by associated sampling and analy-
sis technologies, which need to be precisely
integrated to enhance overall performance.
The quality of oil or gas produced in terms
of viscosity, density, and composition can be
as important as the quantity. For instance, the
extent of any contamination (e.g. basic sedi-
ment and water in crude) impacts its value.
Different technologies have different ben-
efts and features. Turbine meters are cost-
effective with good short-term linearity for
in-situ verifcation against a volumetric prover.
Positive displacement meters are used for
some high-viscosity liquids, but their mainte-
nance costs make them bad choices for other
fuids. The latest generation of proven tech-
nologies includes both ultrasonic meters with
diagnostic capabilities, and coriolis meters,
which generally are more tolerant of gas en-
trainment and provide a direct mass output.
To maintain a systems uncertainty cre-
dentials, a proving system often is integrat-
ed for in-situ verifcation of the liquid meter
performance. Typically this involves a bi-
directional prover, but other solutions may
be more suited to the footprint available on
an aging platform.
Dissemination of data must also be con-
sidered. Metering control systems can pro-
vide a wealth of information far beyond just
totalized fow. With access to the entire spec-
trum of data from metering instruments,
control systems can provide full traceability
of operational alarms and events.
Industry collaboration
Industry-wide collaboration to address
metering challenges objectively is the surest
way to enhance future metering performance
on aging platforms.
Consultation on international standards
is one important area. This helps ensure a
more level playing feld between aging plat-
forms, with their associated challenges and
limitations (such as older contracts), and
newer platforms being developed both on
nearby felds and globally.
The science of measurement is always
evolving, and in the face of increased North
Sea asset longevity, operators seek greater re-
sponsibility from metering specialists. Clearly
the deployment of proven fow measurement
technologies is one part of this. But it goes
beyond the supply of integrated packages to
include involvement in the complete chain of
the metering process, from concept through
operational support.
Offshore metering is on the cusp of a signif-
icant new phase in its development to secure
the extended life of older platforms. Long-
term performance and traceability remain
paramount, but pinpointing the right time to
intervene where reduced measurement un-
certainty is evidenced or predicted is also a
key factor. More intelligent, expert-led meter-
ing strategies can bring signifcant bottom-line
benefts to forward-thinking operators seek-
ing to optimize aging offshore assets.
1309off_90 90 9/4/13 4:35 PM

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92 Of fshore Setember 2O18 www.offshore-mag.com

SUBSEA
Drilling riser studies focus on unknowns
of loading and frontier operations
D
rilling in harsh environments imposes
strains on risers, conductors and well-
heads. Stress levels can be predicted,
but results dont always match the
reality of prolonged exposure to buf-
feting waves and surging currents. This is a
major concern in frontier deepwater regions
with little prior drilling history, and also for
operations pushing the boundaries of jackup
drilling in established hostile plays.
It is possible, however, to defne and then
refne the parameters for safe drilling based
on information from the feld. This is what Ac-
teon companies 2H Offshore Engineering and
Pulse Structural Monitoring (Pulse) are doing
on current projects involving jackups in the
North Sea and deepwater rigs operating West
of Shetland and offshore East Africa.
2H was formed in the early 1990s, a time
when knowledge of riser motions and inter-
actions with conductors was very limited
and assessment processes were very sim-
plistic, according to director John McGrail.
Over the years since the company has been
at the forefront of evaluating new types of
drilling and production riser systems, and
promoting the need for structural monitor-
ing to consolidate design knowledge with
measurements offshore.
In the late 1990s 2H created a monitoring
division for this purpose which developed the
INTEGRI range of sensors and data loggers.
These were frst deployed in 1998-99 on steel
catenary risers for the Allegheny platform
in the Gulf of Mexico as part of the STRIDE
joint industry project. Around the same time,
the UK-based UWG group acquired 2H, re-
branding itself as Acteon in 2005. Five years
later, due to the growing scale of 2Hs activi-
ties, the monitoring division was turned into a
separate company, Pulse, providing complete
structural monitoring solutions.
Today 2H and Pulse often work in collabora-
tion, sometimes with sister company Claxton,
a project systems integrator for specialist drill-
ing risers, particularly for high-pressure/high-
temperature applications. Subsea Riser Prod-
ucts (SRP), another Acteon company, designs
and builds components for these risers.
West Elara
In the Norwegian North Sea, Statoil has
Seadrills newbuild heavy-duty jackup West
Elara on a long-term assignment, drilling new
wells or performing workovers. Two recent
wells on the Gullfaks feld required use of a
high-pressure riser in 132 m (433 ft) water
depth, around 30 m (98 ft) above the typical
limit for jackup drilling. All four Acteon com-
panies co-operated to develop a detailed de-
sign and engineering solution, with Claxton
managing the project and SRP manufacturing
sections of the riser and supplying the spider.
The relatively deep water, and the poten-
tial for fatigue brought on by year-round
drilling in a region characterized by sus-
tained current and wave loading, compli-
cated the design, as did the 12,000-psi (827-
bar) specifcation 3-5,000 psi (207-345 bar)
Jeremy Beckman
Editor, Europe
West Elara riser monitoring
system and associated
topsides connections.
is more typical for North Sea operations.
Well control considerations during HP op-
erations also necessitate use of a large BOP,
which increases the loading on the riser.
Drilling risers are designed to minimize the
risk of failure and to comply with design codes
and standard safety margins. But when the lo-
cal operating factors are not well understood,
the conventional design approach often veers
towards caution. The challenge in this case,
McGrail explained, was to more accurately
evaluate the global response of the HP riser
and the knock-on loading effect on the subsea
well conductor and the interface to the jackup
topsides at the Texas deck. The increased size
and stiffness of this type of riser means that
high conservatism in predictions cannot be
tolerated in the system design.
The analytical predictions of the riser
response raised concerns over long-term
fatigue performance, particularly with re-
gard to loading on the subsea well conduc-
tor. This forms the foundation of the well,
and yet it cant be inspected. So integrity of
the well conductor is a paramount concern,
as is any fatigue damage in the drilling riser
1309off_92 92 9/4/13 4:35 PM
www.offshore-mag.com t September 2013 Of fshore 93
SUBSEA
typically the client expects to re-use
the riser for 10 years or longer.
Analytical fndings indicated that
measures to improve the fatigue re-
sponse of the riser were required that
included adding special fairings to re-
duce vortex-induced vibration (VIV);
employing forged rather than welded
joints in high-stress and fatigue-prone
areas; and upgrading the tensioning system
to 500 t. In addition, a riser response monitor-
ing system was necessary to validate the ana-
lytical predictions and confrm that the riser
was responding as expected.
To defne the requirements of the riser
monitoring system we start by identifying
key performance indicators [KPIs] by which
we categorize the system response, McGrail
explained. Based on these KPIs we develop
specifcations for what we think should be
measured, to validate behavior during drill-
ing operations. We may recommend measur-
ing the level of strain, defection or accelera-
tion at different points of the riser to most
accurately understand the system behavior.
The extent and complexity of monitor-
ing must be acceptable to the client, but we
must also ensure that our clients have a clear
understanding of their own objectives for the
monitoring, and whether these are primary or
secondary objectives. Their main goal may be
to not exceed a critical loading or defection
limit during an offshore operation; however,
validation of analytical predictions to improve
the overall understanding of the behavior of
such systems may also be important.
For the West Elara instrumentation system,
designed and supplied by Pulse, Statoil opted
for online monitoring via subsea sensors to
provide real-time processing of measured
data, including fatigue build-up and loading
on the riser and tensioning system. Motion
sensors were also placed topside, to enable
the motions of the rig itself to be determined,
and the impact on the riser measured.
The system involved a hard-wired connec-
tion to the rig, confgured in a traffc-light for-
mat with KPIs built into the software. A green
light indicated that all parameters were within
normal limits, said Pulse Marketing Coordi-
nator Edward Elletson. If one parameter was
outside specifcation the amber light came on,
while a red light showed if any parameter was
outside the critical operating limits. McGrail
added: The clients objective was to have real-
time assurance of safe operations. Statoil recog-
nized that this operation was beyond the typical
envelope for jackup drilling. In deeper water, it
is expected that a jackup would move around a
lot more, and when combined with the harsh
environment and high pressures involved in
this development the additional assurance pro-
vided by a real-time monitoring system was key
to managing risk.
Pulses system provided acceleration and
strain monitoring of the riser response, to
measure the effect of wave loading and iden-
tify whether currents that might shed off the
riser were causing oscillations. We monitored
wave and current, and compared the motions
in the riser and the rig, Elletson explained. In
the lower part of the riser we had strain moni-
toring which could be used to evaluate well-
head fatigue. If we know the level of strain in
the riser, we can infer strain on the conductor.
And from the number of strain cycles we can
calculate accurately the ongoing accumulation
of fatigue damage in critical components.
The measurements obtained provided a
good correlation with 2Hs prediction in terms
of fatigue accumulation, and from the fndings
it is possible to defne the factor of conserva-
tism in the analytical prediction McGrail said.
Statoil plans to use the data to gain greater as-
surance and confdence in using HP drilling ris-
ers in similar settings, and Pulse has recently
fnished a follow-up monitoring campaign for
West Elara on the Norwegian Valemon feld.
West of Shetland/East Africa
2H and Pulse have also devised and de-
ployed systems to monitor deepwater drill-
ing riser VIV responses in high current re-
gions such as West of Shetland and offshore
Tanzania and Mozambique. Aside from be-
ing frontier E&P regions, there are similari-
ties in operating conditions.
West of Shetland conditions are most severe,
with strong currents channeled from the Atlan-
tic Ocean due to the location in between the UK
continental shelf and Faroese plateaux. Current
velocities can regularly exceed 2 m/s (6.6 ft/s),
and the area has strong tidal fows.
According to Elletson, in these regions
VIV behavior is often observed on the semi-
submersible rigs marine riser during drilling,
raising concerns about the impact on the sub-
sea well and conductor. And most predictive
tools, McGrail added, employ relatively sim-
plistic approaches modeling the complexities
of VIV-induced lock-on (the process by which
current vortex shedding around the riser pipe
can excite vibration and riser modal vibration
frequency). So with Pulse, 2H have de-
livered monitoring campaigns to capture
and evaluate the actual occurrence of
VIV on drilling risers: the main aims are
to use the data to predict the accuracy of
VIV onset with measured currents and to
determine the impact of the drilling cam-
paign on the conductors fatigue life.
Typically Pulses system comprises
one motion logger measuring motion
and the angular rate of the riser in the
moonpool, with another logger record-
ing motion and angular rate on the lower fex
joint. Additionally, up to 10 ROV-retrievable
motion loggers linked to strain gauges on the
riser monitor VIV at various locations along
the riser joints, while other loggers may also
be deployed to measure motion and angular
rate of the BOP and permanent guide base.
An acoustic current Doppler profler mea-
sures the current profle every 10 minutes.
Using the readings from the Pulse data log-
gers we can accurately measure acceleration
of the drilling riser, McGrail explained, and
from this we can determine how VIV response
varies in amplitude on the riser in particular
currents. We often fnd that while the modeled
response is accurate in determining how fre-
quently VIV may occur, often the magnitude of
the VIV response is over-estimated.
Other major operators have commissioned
further studies for their East Africa programs.
Here the deepwater drilling locations (up to
3,000 m, or 9,842 ft)) are sandwiched in be-
tween the East African coast and the island of
Madagascar, forming a large channel. Warm
water from the northern Indian Ocean is forced
through this channel to cooler water offshore
South Africa, leading to very strong currents.
Pulse has provided instrumentation in
this region for two operators ongoing explo-
ration drilling campaigns to gauge the sever-
ity of VIV response. This is a frontier area,
meaning that little data existed previously,
Elletson explained. Where environmental
data is lacking, analysis must cover this with
suffcient safety margins.
One system supplied comprised 11 mo-
tion data loggers capable of measuring tri-
axial acceleration and 2 angular rate, with
magnetic interfaces for ROV deployment
and retrieval. Loggers are distributed along
the riser and on the BOP stack, with two pre-
cision accelerometers for BOP monitoring.
Measurements are used to calculate inclina-
tion, VIV, linear displacement, and accelera-
tion of the BOP and drilling riser.
While the results do not have an immedi-
ate bearing on the current exploration drill-
ing, the information gathered on the cur-
rents and riser response will be of beneft in
planning future drilling activity and the de-
sign of the wells which will be required for
upcoming developments in these areas.
The jackup West Elara.
(Photo courtesy Seadrill)
1309off_93 93 9/4/13 4:35 PM

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1309off_95 95 9/4/13 4:35 PM

BUSI NESS BRI EFS
96 Of fshore September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
People
Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell has
named former Vice Adm. Brian Salerno as
director of the Bureau of Safety and Environ-
mental Enforcement.
The board of Royal Dutch Shell plc an-
nounced that Ben van Beurden will succeed
Peter Voser as CEO, effective Jan. 1, 2014.
Chevron Corp. has named Joe M. Naylor
corporate vice president of strategic planning.
John T. McCormack, executive vice presi-
dent and COO of McDermott International,
has chosen to retire
after 10 years with the
company.
TAM International
has promoted Ray
Frisby to vice president
of technology.
Alex Cruickshank
has joined Reftrade UK
as general manager.
KBR has appointed
Jan Egil Braendeland
as president of its oil and
gas business unit, Ivor Harrington as group
president of gas monetization, Mitch Dauzat
as group president of services, and Karl Rob-
erts as chief business development offcer.
Forest Oil Corp. has promoted Victor A.
Wind to executive vice president, CFO, and
treasurer.
Hydro Group has appointed Gabriel Tan as
technical support supervisor at the Singapore
offce.
Graham McKay has been promoted to
COO of Unique Wellube Nigeria Ltd.
Gareth Allen has joined Oil Consultants
Ltd. as business delivery and development
director for the Middle East and Africa.
Sodexo Remote Sites UK has promoted
Ian Russell to managing director.
Duoline Technologies has appointed Abel
Mbeh as product engineer.
CGG has appointed Catherine Leveau
as senior vice president, Investor Relations.
She replaces Christophe Barnini who has
become senior vice president, Group Com-
munications.
Survitec Group has appointed Fiona
MacLeod as sales director for its services UK
division.
Summit ESP has hired Mark Neinast as
director of marketing.
Ceona has appointed Graeme MacDougall
as vice president of projects and engineering.
Sylvia Halkerston has joined the SPEX
board of directors. The company has named
Carole Innes business communications man-
ager and Jacqui Duncan HR manager.
Maroun Semaan, president and executive
director of Petrofac, has decided to retire at
the end of the year after more than 22 years
with the company.
Pulse Structural Monitoring has hired Paul
Chittenden as business development man-
ager for production riser and pipeline systems,
and Joseph Bramande as business develop-
ment manager for marine systems, including
mooring lines and subsea infrastructure.
Kongsberg Maritime Inc. has appointed
Jon Holvik as president.
Robin Hodgson has joined Fine Tubes as
oil and gas business development manager.
Oilgen has named Ismail Labed staff
reservoir engineer.
HB Rentals has appointed Peter Arm-
strong as vice president of business develop-
ment, Brad Hirst as sales and marketing
manager, and Mike Christie as technical
manager.
David Bleackely has joined Petrotechnics
as vice president of sales.
Steve Bullock has been appointed co-
chairman of Step Change in Safety, and Alan
Johnstone co-chair of the Asset Integrity
Steering Group.
Per Wullf will succeed Fredrik Halvorsen
as CEO of Seadrill Management Ltd.
Wendy Barnes has joined the BMT Group
Ltd. board of directors as a non-executive
director.
BMT Asia Pacifc Pte Ltd. has appointed
Andrew Bridson as business development
manager.
John R. Kemp III has announced that he
intends to retire as Kosmos Energys chair-
man, but will continue to serve in his current
capacity until a successor is named.
Produced Water Absorbents has appointed
Ian Robertson as engineering manager.
Simon Hounsome has joined Flexlifes Ab-
erdeen headquarters as integrity and projects
director, and Jon Hawes has joined as senior
project manager of the companys on-going
Apache contracts.
Alderley Process Technologies has hired
Andrew Palmer as
regional sales direc-
tor for produced water
treatment for the Middle
East region.
Seatronics do Brazil
has appointed Thiago
Montanari as sales
manager.
Devin International
has promoted Andrew
Riojas to location super-
visor and will oversee
the day-to-day opera-
tions at the Lafayette,
Louisiana, offce.
Foster Marketing has
appointed Laurel Hess
as an account executive
and Julie Welch as a
public relations account
executive.
Bibby Offshore has
appointed Graeme
Wood as offshore sup-
port services director.
Archers board of
directors has appointed
David King as CEO and
has elected John Reyn-
olds as chairman.
Tim Brown has
joined UniversalPegasus
International as senior
vice president, business
development.
BG Group has ap-
pointed Simon Lowth
as CFO and an executive
director.
Itera Oil and Gas Co.
has appointed Alexan-
der Popov as director
general.
Greenes Energy
Group has named Tracy
Cummins director of
business development
within the rental and products business unit.
James A. Watson has joined ABS as presi-
dent and COO of the Americas division.
F. Jay Schempf,
an award-winning
petroleum indus-
try writer/editor,
has passed away.
He was 71 years
old. Schempf held
editorial positions
with industry trade
journals and busi-
ness publications.
He served as an associate editor, news
editor, and freelance writer for Offshore
for more than 40 years. For the last
10 years he was a primary editor for
the Custom Publishing division of the
PennWell Petroleum group. One of the
highlights of his tenure with PennWell
Custom Publishing was as the author of
Pioneering Offshore: The Early Years
published in 2007 for the Offshore
Energy Center. He earned a bachelors
degree in journalism from Texas Chris-
tian University.
In Memoriam
George P. Mitchell, a pioneer in
the development of technology that
unleashed the shale boom, has passed
away. He was 94 years old.
Patrick J. Campbell, founder
of Blowout Tools Inc. and one of the
principals in Wild Well Control Inc., has
died. He was 68 years old.
Frisby
Riojas
Hess
Welch
Cummins
1309off_96 96 9/4/13 4:35 PM
BUSI NESS BRI EFS
www.offshore-mag.com t September 2013 Of fshore 97
Pellerin Energy Group has named Scott
Pellerin operations manager of its water solu-
tions business unit.
Dana Gas has appointed Patrick Allman-
Ward as CEO.
LUX Assure has appointed Charles
Cruickshank as CEO.
Mario Azar has been appointed CEO of
the solutions business unit in the oil and gas
division of Siemens Energy Sector.
Badger Explorer ASA has appointed
Steinar Bakke as CEO.
Spectraseis has appointed Todd Chuckry
as CEO.
Nexans has appointed Arnaud Poupart-
Lafarge as COO.
Gazproms board of directors has elected
Viktor Zubkov as chairman and Alexey
Miller as deputy chairman.
Jay Hollingsworth has joined Energistics
as chief technology offcer.
Capt. Thomas Sparks has assumed du-
ties as the federal on-scene coordinator for
the Gulf Coast Incident Management Team
from Capt. Duke Walker.
Trouvay & Cauvin UK has promoted Jon
Mason to external sales product manager,
covering Scotland and central and northern
England.
RSC Bio Solutions
has appointed Mark
Miller as executive vice
president of sales.
Tyler Burger
has joined the PMI
Industries mechanical
engineering team. Al
Schiazza has joined
the company as senior
project engineer.
Independent Risk
Management Systems B.V. has appointed
Dennis Zaal and Marco Noorlander as
project managers, Sander Everstein as engi-
neering manager, and Kate Fath and Marie
Goddard as engineers.
SPIR STAR Ltd. has hired Carolina San-
chez and Keith Tierney as sales representa-
tives.
Company news
Delta Rigging & Tools has acquired Hol-
loway Wire Rope, a supplier of wire rope,
below-the-hook lifting devices and rigging
supplies headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
McDermott and Ocean Installer have
reached a mutual agreement to dissolve the
interim North Sea project-specifc alliance
the two companies entered into in December
2012. Opportunities under the alliance have
not materialized and in recent months it has
become apparent that the long-term strategic
aims of both companies are not aligned.
Niche Products has created a new
division named Niche Products Australia
with manufacturing in Perth and storage in
Darwin.
Palfnger Marine has received ISO 14001
certifcation.
BassDrill Ltd. has changed its name to
Atlantica Tender Drilling Ltd.
BMT Reliability Consultants has
received OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001 certi-
fcations.
Glacier Energy Services offshore divi-
sion has opened its frst international base in
Singapore.
James Young has established Energy Ser-
vice Partners, an oilfeld service company
specializing in wireline pressure control
equipment.
Oil Consultants Ltd., a recruitment
agency for the oil and gas industry, was
presented with the Queens Award for Enter-
prise: International Trade in recognition of its
achievements in exports over the past three
years.
GE Oil & Gas says it will establish its new
global headquarters in London. The global
headquarters for GE Oil & Gas Turboma-
chinery Products & Services will remain
in Florence, Italy.
Expro has entered into a strategic sales
representative agreement in the Asian and
Australian markets, through its subsidiary
Expro Meters Inc. Under the terms of the
agreement, KROHNE Australia Pty Ltd.
will act as a reseller of Expro Meters sonar
based fow monitoring systems for upstream
and midstream oil and gas applications.
ALS has entered into an agreement to
acquire Reservoir Group for $533 million.
Halliburton has completed acquisition of
the assets of Optiphase Inc., a provider of
interferometric fber optic sensing solutions
including distributed acoustic sensing inter-
rogation systems.
QTEC has launched a new regulatory
compliance service for the US market in
response to the heightened environmental
focus on operations in the Gulf of Mexico.
The service aims to ensure clients drilling
activities meet current and proposed legisla-
tion; that contamination, spills and other
more serious incidents are prevented; and
that the waste streams from worksites are
suitably contained.
Acteon has completed the acquisition of J2
Engineering Services Ltd.
Clariant will open a new Center of Excel-
lence lab for its oil services business in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sagentia Group plc has acquired OTM
Consulting Ltd., an international technology
management consultancy.
FloaTEC has received ISO 9001-2008
certifcation for project management and
engineering.
Offshore chemical engineering company
Aubin has launched a new integrity manage-
ment and subsea division.
Badger Explorer ASA has sold 70% of its
shares in its subsidiary Calidus Engineer-
ing Ltd. for 936,335 ($1.4 million) to Severn
Glocon Group plc. Under the agreement,
Severn Glocon will acquire another 15% of the
shares in 2015 and the remaining 15% in 2016
on an earn-out model.
The board of directors of Noble Corp.
has approved changing the place of incor-
poration of the publicly traded parent of the
Noble group of companies from Switzerland
to the UK. The companys shareholders will
be asked to vote to approve the proposed
change.
Caterpillar Inc. has signed a defnitive
agreement to acquire Johan Walter Berg
AB. Headquartered in cker Islands, Swe-
den, Berg has designed and manufactured
heavy-duty marine thrusters and controllable
pitch propellers since 1929.
Herkules has acquired Norwegian
headquartered oilfeld technology specialist
Petroleum Technology Co.
Mubarak Awaida Al-
Hajri (right), operations
manager-offshore fields
for Qatar Petroleum,
presents the certificates
of appreciation and gifts
to the awardees at its
annual awards cer-
emony. Mubarak serves
as the Advisory Board
Chairman of PennWells
Offshore Middle East
Conference & Exhibition.
Miller
1309off_97 97 9/4/13 4:35 PM
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HOW YOU WILL BENEFIT:
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FhhL +66 (Z1) Z688 6708 or +66 (Z1) 80B4 68B4
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SALES OFFICES
A
AADE
..................................................... 75
www.aade.org
Adalet
..................................................... 15
adalet.com
Aker Solutions
...................................... 21
www.akersolutions.com
Avondale
................................................ 19
www.hii-avondale.com
B
Baker Hughes Incorporated
............. 9, 49
www.bakerhughes.com
Bluebeam Software, Inc.
...................... 29
www.bluebeam.com
C
Cameron
............................................... C2
www.c-a-m.com
CGG ....................................................... 27
www.cgg.com
Chevron ................................................. 11
chevron.com
CJ Winter ............................................... 81
cjwinter.com
Co.L.Mar. S.r.l. ....................................... 56
www.colmaritalia.it
Cudd Energy Services ......................... 31
www.cudd.com
Curoil NV ............................................... 42
www.curoil.com
D
Damen Shipyards Group ...................... 40
www.damen.com
Delmar Systems, Inc. ............................ 34
www.delmarus.com
Delta Subsea ........................................... 7
deltasubsea-rov.com
Dril-Quip ............................................... C3
www.dril-quip.com
F
Frank Mohn Flatoy AS
.......................... 17
www.Framo.com
G
GE Air Filtration
.................................... 73
www.ge-energy.com/filtration
GE Oil & Gas
......................................... 25
www.geoilandgas.com
GVA Consultants AB
............................ 14
www.gvac.se
H
Halliburton
............................................. 23
www.halliburton.com
Hardbanding Solutions by
Postle Industries
................................... 51
www.hardbandingsolutions.com
Harris CapRock
Communications (CAP)
.......................... 3
www.harriscaprock.com
J
JD Neuhaus Group
............................... 35
www.jdngroup.com
L
LAGCOE ................................................ 54
www.lagcoe.com
Lincoln Electric ..................................... 55
www.lincolnelectric.com
M
M-I SWACO ........................................... C4
www.miswaco.com
M&D Industries ..................................... 59
DrillLab.com
Magnetrol International ........................ 53
www.magnetrol.com
META ...................................................... 57
www.metadownhole.com
N
National Oilwell Varco. .......................... 65
www.nov.com
Newpark Drilling Fluids. ....................... 61
www.newparkdf.com
Nylacast. ................................................ 83
www.nylacast.com
O
Oceanic Marine Contractors ................ 39
www.oceanicmc.com
OneSubsea ............................................ 37
www.onesubsea.com
Orion Instruments ................................69
www.orioninstruments.com
P
PennWell
Deep Offshore Technology
Conference & Exhibition .................77
www.deepoffshoretechnology.com
Deepwater Operations
Conference & Exhibition ..... 85, 94-95
www.deepwateroperations.com
Offshore Group ......................4, 79, 82
www.offshore-mag.com
Offshore West Africa Conference
& Exhibition ......................................98
www.offshorewestafrica.com
PennEnergy Research .....................56
www.PennEnergyResearch.com
PennWell Books .................................8
www.PennWellBooks.com
Subsea Tieback Forum
& Exhibition ................................85, 87
www.subseatiebackforum.com
Topsides, Platforms & Hulls
Conference & Exhibition ...........85, 91
www.topsidesevent.com
POLARCUS DMCC ................................45
www.polarcus.com
R
REPSOL ................................................. 89
www.repsol.com
S
Siemens AG ........................................... 13
www.siemens.com
Society of Petroleum Engineers .......... 50
www.spe.org
Spectrum Geo, Inc. ............................... 43
www.spectrumasa.com
Superior Energy Services .................... 47
superiorenergy.com
T
Tenaris ................................................... 33
www.tenaris.com
V
Vallourec & Mannesmann USA.............. 1
www.vam-usa.com
W
Weatherford ............................................. 5
weatherford.com
The index of page numbers is provided as
a service. The publisher does not assume
any liability for error or omission.
"%7&35*4&34 */%&9
1309off_99 99 9/4/13 4:35 PM
This page refects viewpoints on the political, economic, cultural, technological, and environmental issues that shape the future of the petroleum industry. Offshore
Magazine invites you to share your thoughts. Email your Beyond the Horizon manuscript to David Paganie at davidp@pennwell.com.
100 Of fshore September 2013 t www.offshore-mag.com
BEYOND THE HORI ZON
The statement there is no more easy oil is commonplace in the
oil and gas industry. It is an interesting observation: what the indus-
try now considers easy was anything but when the technologies
were introduced that opened up what now are considered easy-to-
produce felds. The technologies that have allowed heavy oil produc-
tion, ultra-deepwater drilling, and foating production were essential
to the growth of the industry.
Today, work continues on the next generation of research and de-
velopment, which includes disciplines that have never before been
associated with oil and gas operations. One of the most interesting
and promising of these is nanotechnology.
R&D efforts are taking place on a number of fronts. Houstons
Rice University, for example, is involved in developing nanoreport-
ers that are designed to change their molecular makeup depend-
ing on the medium they encounter (water, petroleum, or hydrogen
sulfde) and to report data, including the temperature and pressure
readings. Tags attached to the nanoreporters allow the scientists
tracking the devices to determine how long the nanoreporters have
been deployed.
Saudi Aramco has invested heavily in similar research through
its Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center Advanced Re-
search Center (EXPEC ARC) in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Research-
ers at EXPEC ARC are developing reservoir robots, or resbots,
designed for deployment in oil and gas reservoirs for the purpose of
reporting data from the reservoir to the surface for improved reser-
voir management.
Additional industry research is focused on developing advanced
coatings applications, including coatings for drill bits, lubricants and
drilling mud, and pipelines.
Classifcation societies have embraced emerging technology, in-
cluding nanotechnology, which has led to increased investment and
greater cooperation with other stakeholders through pioneering
joint development projects.
One example is work ABS has undertaken with George Wash-
ington University on nanosurface profling technologies to develop
and test ice-phobic coatings to mitigate ice accretion. By profling
the surface at the nano scale, researchers can modify the contact
angle for water droplets such that they do not adhere, which means
the droplets will not wet a treated surface. This technology could
mitigate the risk of ice buildup in arctic conditions.
The aim of this project is to develop a testing standard to evaluate
ice-phobic coating performance and will encompass an assessment
not only of ice adhesion, but also of abrasion resistance, durability,
and UV resistance. It is a trickier problem than it appears, in part
because there are so many variables. For instance, the type and
composition of ice accreted can be expected to differ between com-
ponents and locations on the same vessel. This also is true for the
same component installed on different vessels.
The potential application of ice-phobic surfaces is far reaching and
includes the ability to liberate critical components such as lifeboat
release mechanisms and navigation equipment from the debilitating
effects of freezing sea spray and precipitation.
This ambitious project holds bold promise for improving safety in
the Arctic developments that are anticipated in the next few years.
Applying nanotechnology that will expand the operational window
of Arctic operations has the potential to increase productivity con-
siderably and to reduce operational interference due to inclement
conditions.
In choosing to invest in nanotechnology R&D, ABS investigated
the merits of 16 projects in the disciplines of energy effciency, sub-
sea, and offshore technology. While the ice-phobic nanostructured
coatings project eventually won out, a project that nearly came out
on top was one that addressed energy effciency and weight-savings
a concern equally vital to the industry.
While fber glass polymer matrix (FRP) structures are fnding
greater acceptance, they have some obvious drawbacks. One of
these is the diffculty of accurate in-service inspection, and another
is a greater vulnerability to impact than conventional building ma-
terials. Spurred on by successes in aerospace, researchers now
believe they can develop an FRP that can repair itself. The repair
works when resin and hardener nanocapsules lying dormant in their
embedded state within the matrix are fractured by an event such as
the formation of a micro-crack. The capsules release their contents,
which cure to seal the crack. This is proving to be particularly ap-
pealing for large-scale FRP CNG pressure vessels.
The potential scope for applying these new technologies is broad,
but more research is needed. As industry prepares to take on new
challenges, technology is working to close the gaps.
Continued cooperative research efforts will be the key to develop-
ing the solutions that will extend the boundaries of what is possible
in offshore exploration and development.
James Bond
Elli Lembessis
ABS
Oil and gas industry research
targets nanotechnology
1309off_100 100 9/4/13 4:35 PM
1309off_C3 3 9/4/13 4:35 PM
miswaco.com/deepwater
DEEPWATER
CHALLENGES
Deepwater drilling uids and services
leadership By far, for years
M-I SWACO drilling uids technology, engineering and drilling waste management services have
helped deliver an average of 139 deepwater wells per year for the last 7 years. This is more than
twice the number of any other provider, and includes 290 wells classied as ultra-deepwater.
Its an unrivalled track record that demonstrates the proven performance of our deepwater-certied
specialists and our technical portfolio in the most challenging drilling environments.
1309off_C4 4 9/4/13 4:35 PM
For t he i ndus t r y s c ar eer - mi nded pr of e s s i onal s SUMMER 2013
A suppl ement t o PennWel l publ i c at i ons | www. PennEner g yJ OBS. c om
New Horizons:
The Growth of
Offshore Wind
Around the World
FROZEN ASSETS:
The Artic Push
in Offshore
Oil & Gas
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
Offshore Energy:
Mitigating Risk
TRAINING INSIGHTS
Empowering our Troops:
AEP Career Initiatives
for Veterans
ENERGY 101
Wave & Tidal Power
1308pejew_C1 1 8/20/13 2:58 PM
1308pejew_C2 2 8/20/13 2:58 PM
2 EDITORS LETTER
Offshore Energy: Towards the Great Horizon
Dorothy Davis Ballard, PennWell
3 NEW HORIZONS
The Growth of Offshore Wind Around the World
Dorothy Davis Ballard, PennWell
5 FROZEN ASSETS
The Artic Push in Offshore Oil & Gas
Hilton Price, PennWell
6 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
Offshore Energy: Mitigating Risk
Matthew Gordon, Viking SeaTech
8 CAREER INSIGHTS
Regulatory Experts: Career Opportunities Galore
Volker Rathman, Collarini Energy Staffng
10 TRAINING INSIGHTS
Empowering our Troops: AEP Career
Initiatives for Veterans
Dorothy Davis Ballard, PennWell and Scott
Smith, American Electric Power
12 ENERGY 101
Wave & Tidal Power
PennEnergy.com
w w w . P e n n E n e r g y J O B S . c o m
SUMMER 2013
A PENNWELL PUBLI CATI ON
Stacey Schmidt, Publisher
staceys@pennwell.com
Dorothy Davis Ballard, Content Director
dorothyd@pennwell.com
Hilton Price, Editor
hiltonp@pennwell.com
Cindy Chamberlin, Art Director
cindyc@pennwell.com
Daniel Greene, Production Manager
danielg@Pennwell.com
Tommie Grigg,
Audience Development Manager
tommieg@pennwell.com

PennWell Corporation
1421 South Sheridan Road
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112
918 835 3161
PennWell.com
Recruitment Advertising Sales:
Courtney Noonkester
Sales Manager
918 831 9558
courtneyn@pennwell.com
Adv er t i s er s
I ndex Chevron .............................................................................................................. C2
PennEnergy Research Services .......................................................................... C3
PennEnergy Jobs ................................................................................................ C4
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2 Summer 2013
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EnergyWorkforce
Edi t or s
Let t er
T
HE worlds oceans and vast waterways have always evoked feelings of wonder
and piqued the adventurous spirit. Teeming with life and uncharted depths,
these fuid bodies are awe inspiring in the way they are so vast and yet joining together
everything.
In the ancient world the challenge was to transverse these great expanses, to fare
into the horizon of the unknown for sustenance and wealth. Today, the world beyond
our shores holds the promise of new bounties. We turn again towards the great horizon,
abundant with the promise of resources to fuel all we have developed.
In this issue of Energy Workforce we delve into offshore energy as it is moving
ahead in great leaps and
bounds. We begin with an
overview of offshore wind
power on page3, highlighting
the incredible global growth
of this industry as it moves
towards becoming a truly
competitive resource.
Next, we look to the
offshore oil & gas industry
and its renewed push into artic territories on page 5, followed by a timely editorial on
mitigating risk on page 6 as offshore exploration & production moves to tap these once
unreachable resources.
With a focus on career development, we hear from an industry expert on expanding
opportunities for regulatory experts on page 8 and speak with an executive of U.S.
energy major AEP about initiatives for veterans in energy on page 10.
We close this issue with another round from our Energy 101 series, this time a brief
introduction to the evolving wave and tidal power industry on page 12.
We hope you enjoy these insights and encourage you to keep us on your summer
reading list to stay ahead with the latest energy news, research, and jobs at PennEnergy.
com and PennEnergyJobs.com.
Carpe diem!
Dorothy Davis Ballard
Towards the Great Horizon
Today, the world beyond our shores holds
the promise of new bounties. We turn again
towards the great horizon, abundant with
resources to fuel all we have developed.
1308pejew_2 2 8/20/13 2:57 PM
Cover STORY
EnergyWorkforce
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Summer 2013 3
The Growth of Offshore
Wind Around the World
By Dorothy Davis Ballard
A
S more countries around the
globe realize the potential of
offshore wind, new turbines
are being installed off of our coasts.
In 2012, 1,296 megawatts of new off-
shore capacity were installed a 33
percent increase from 2011, according
to the Global Wind Energy Council
(GWEC). The world now has at least
5,415 MW of offshore wind energy gen-
erating around the globe.
Offshore wind represents about 2 per-
cent of global installed energy capacity,
but that number could, and is expect-
ed to, increase rapidly. This renewable
resource, which is able to generate far
more power than onshore wind tur-
bines, could meet Europes energy de-
mand seven times over, highlights the
GWEC. While in the United States, off-
shore wind has the potential to provide
four times the energy capacity needed.
Europes lead in offshore wind
Currently, more than 90 percent of the
globes offshore wind power is installed
off the coast of northern Europe in the
North, Baltic and Irish seas. There is
now also a solid presence in the English
Channel. Last year, the United King-
dom took the lead in new wind capacity,
adding 854.20 MW of offshore wind
power assets. Denmark added 46.8 MW
in 2012 and Belgium 184.5 MW.
As of this article, Europe has a total
of 4,336 MW generating from 1,503 off-
shore wind turbines at wind farms locat-
ed across 10 countries. The European
Union has set a goal to generate 20 per-
cent of its electricity from renewable
sources by 2020, and offshore wind is
slated to play a major role in making
that a reality.
In early July, the offshore wind in-
dustry celebrated a milestone: Dong
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4 Summer 2013
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EnergyWorkforce
Energy inaugurated the worlds largest
offshore wind power facility. The proj-
ect, which includes 175 Siemens wind
turbines, is called London Array and lo-
cated 12.4 miles off the Kent and Essex
coast in the Thames estuary. It has a to-
tal capacity of 630 MW, enough to pow-
er 500,000 households.
The UKs Department of Energy &
Climate Change recently approved an-
other major offshore wind project, which
will add to Europes expanding wind en-
ergy output. The 1.2 GW Triton Knoll
project will be led by RWE and located
off the Lincolnshire and Norfolk coast.
Along with supplying clean, alternative
energy, the project is expected to gener-
ate more than $5.5 billion of investment
in the region and create about 1,130 jobs.
Germany, too, has had its sights set
on the development of alternative ener-
gies like wind and solar as part of a na-
tional commitment towards the phase
out of nuclear power. The country add-
ed 80 MW of offshore wind energy to the
electric grid in 2012, and another six util-
ity scale offshore wind projects are under
construction.Petrofac, and Siemens En-
ergy also recently entered into a $53 mil-
lion contract to build two major offshore
wind projects in the North Sea off the
coast of Germany - one totaling576 MW
and another set for 800 MW.
US makes commitment to offshore wind
North America is aiming to add some
6.5 GW of wind power this year, and the
United States is looking to be a major con-
tributor. While there are no offshore wind
farms in the U.S. at the moment, the fed-
eral government has recently completed
its frst-ever round of auctions for offshore
wind leases. Deepwater Wind,
a company based in Rhode Is-
land, came in with the highest
bid of $3.8 million for two ar-
eas totalingmore than 164,000
acres off the coasts of Massa-
chusetts and Rhode Island. The
auction was viewed as a histor-
ic moment for the U.S.s future
commitment to clean energy.
The federal government is
expected to hold another auc-
tion in September for a possi-
ble wind project off the coast of
Virginia. Areas offshore Mary-
land, New Jersey and Massa-
chusetts have also been sited
as possible locations for future
wind developments.
PensionDanmark announced in June
it will be funding $200 million in capi-
tal for the planned Cape Wind project
expected to include up to 130 Siemens
turbines of 3.6 MW each. If completed,
the project off the coast of Massachu-
setts Cape Cod would become one of
the worlds largest offshore wind farms.
Asia will boost wind output
According to the GWEC, Asia will con-
tinue to boost its wind energy output an-
nually, reaching 25.5 GW by 2017. When
it comes to offshore wind energy, Japan
reached 25.3 MW last year. Meanwhile,
South Korea reached 5 MW of offshore
wind generation.
China holds the third spot for most
offshore wind capacity, with 258.4 MW
installed. China is also home to the frst
commercial offshore wind project outside
Europe. The Shanghai Donghai Bridge
project was installed in 2010 and totals
102 MW. China hopes to have 5 GW
of offshore wind by 2015 and 30 GW by
2030, according to the GWEC.
Cheaper costs will drive demand
A major challenge for expanding off-
shore wind development is the current
high costs of the technology. Deep wa-
ters far offshore, higher waves and steeper
construction costs can make these proj-
ects somewhat cost prohibitive. Howev-
er, like other renewable energy sources
being developed around the globe, off-
shore wind technology is steadily improv-
ing to boost its overall return on invest-
ment. Investment remains strong across
the broader wind power industry with
2012 marking several milestones. It ap-
pears with continued cost reductions and
the growing push towards renewable re-
sources, offshore wind is positioned to be
a key player in meeting global energy de-
mand through the next decade.
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Summer 2013 5
Frozen Assets
Despite immense challenges, the Arctic cant
keep away exploration and drilling.
By Hilton Price
W
HEN U.S. arctic waters saw
a drillship for the frst time
in 2 decades, it seemed the
return to a bygone era of exploration
had begun. Although Shell was ready
to usher in a new age for exploration
in those icy waters, process hurdles,
equipment issues, and natural obstacles
left the companys dream unrealized.
Immediately after, as word of techni-
cal violations added insult to injury, it
seemed potential reservoirs in U.S. arc-
tic waters would remain unexplored for
at least a little while longer.
The frigid waters of the arctic present
one of the greatest challenges for any ex-
ploration company. These natural hin-
drances, combined with ongoing legis-
lation from the countries that lay claim
to those waters, make it a massive un-
dertaking. Shell lost billions in its failed
2012 campaign, and as the season end-
ed the company announced it would not
attempt a return in 2013.
However public Shells struggle in
the region may be, it is only a set-back.
2014 looms, and there is still no word
whether Shell will attempt a return to
the Arctic, but it is looking likely.
Shell is planning specialized surveys
of the area, using ships deployed to ar-
eas in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas.
This kind of data collection will be in-
valuable to potential future exploration
campaigns, and could save Shell in both
cost and risk if it chooses to return.
The same success Shell is hoping for
in U.S. arctic waters is being realized by
other companies in other areas of the
tumultuous region.Offshore Norway is
proving successful for numerous compa-
nies exploring the area. In the UK, three
of the countrys Big 6 energy compa-
nies are planning Arctic drilling. E.On,
Centrica, and RWE Npower are all ex-
pressing interest in the region.
Likewise, there is a growing interest
offshore Russia, where legislation is loos-
er than the U.S. and reservoir potential
just as high. Shell has turned its atten-
tion to this area. If the company is suc-
cessful there, it could affect U.S. arctic
drilling policy, and possibly open the re-
gion further in the future.
In the U.S., however, there is an-
other element that could swing the
pendulum the other way, and close
off the country to further arctic ex-
ploration. The U.S. shale exploration
boom is changing the global energy
landscape. The country is expected to
become a major exporter in the com-
ing decades, and successful produc-
tion of these unconventional resources
could affect the interest in traditional
exploration. It could end the return to
the U.S. arctic before it truly begins.
There is a growing call for environ-
mental stewardship, the same kind that
brought an end to U.S. arctic drilling
decades ago. That concern for our natu-
ral environments isnt likely to fade. Any
company heading to the area must show
respect for the land, and for those who
fght for it, or risk an evaporation of sup-
port for its work in the region.
Arctic drilling is hardly over. In ar-
eas offshore Norway, it thrives as much
as ever. In U.S. arctic waters, the pro-
cess may be stalled, but across the
sea in Russias arctic waters, oppor-
tunities are increasing. Success there
could further push exploration inter-
est here, and possibly overcome the
fnancial and legal hurdles that stand
in the way.
Meanwhile, success with shale oil
and gas could turn U.S. interests away
from the arctic, and back on land. But
that isnt stopping companies from re-
viewing the region, and critically an-
alyzing collected data. For an area of
the Earth where even basic exploration
means a multi-billion dollar campaign,
every move matters and every decision
is crucial.
1308pejew_5 5 8/20/13 2:57 PM
6 Summer 2013
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EnergyWorkforce
INDUSTRY Insights
Offshore Energy:
Mitigating Risk
By offering an integrated offshore support package, variant
forms of risk can be avoided, according to Viking SeaTech
Surveys General Manager Matthew Gordon.
By Matthew Gordon
P
OST-MACONDO, there has been
an increased focus on the miti-
gation of risk. The industry has
reviewed operational practices from top
to bottom. Everyone from the
operators to offshore specialists
has been affected by the major
incident.
As a result, there has been an
increase in the contractual tug
of war between operators and
contractors in relation to the ac-
ceptance of risk and liabilities.
This has led to lengthy nego-
tiations as legal teams look to
reach middle ground, resulting
in increased administration,
time and cost.
It could be said that offering
an integrated and streamlined service re-
duces administration, costly contract ne-
gotiation and indemnities. Expanding in-
house services could not only hold the
key to unlocking cost savings, but also
to reducing risk in a risk wary industry.
Bringing new thinking to an old problem
Offshore service businesses are reinforc-
ing their position in the marketplace
by providing a fully integrated package.
Previously, smaller companies offered
a niche service that was considered sat-
isfactory twenty years ago. But as the
large corporations priorities adapt in
line with supply and demand, support
companies have risen to the task.
Viking SeaTech has looked at how
a new business stream can be injected
into a maturing and heavily saturated in-
dustry, in order to meet the changing re-
quirements of their clients.
By offering more services under a sin-
gle contract, including survey services,
we can provide a convenient package that
offers all the benefts, minus the opera-
tional burden. Our integrated approach
supports our efforts to make rig-moving
safer, faster, cheaper and eas-
ier to execute.
Reducing the
operational burden
Contract negotiations can
be time consuming; la-
bor intensive, costly and
can often impact project
scheduling. This is multi-
plied by having several con-
tracts to set up and manage
simultaneously.
An integrated approach
works towards removing
these barriers. It is highly advantageous
to the client to have a single contract in
place for service provision. This equates
to a single point of contact, invoice and
company-specifc set of terms and condi-
tions to manage.
The benefts of such a contracting ap-
proach are realized when an issue arises.
Instead of managing multiple contactors,
it takes one call to a single organization to
1308pejew_6 6 8/20/13 2:57 PM
EnergyWorkforce
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
Summer 2013 7
remove the issue. If a single contractor is
working towards a shared goal, the time
taken to resolve the issues is also reduced.
The rig moving food chain
Operational effciency is improved when
operators use the integrated approach,
and also removes the need for multiple
contractors. By having numerous disci-
plines working together in-house, com-
munication is strengthened and it is en-
tirely realistic to suggest that the risk to
client operations is reduced.
From a quality assurance perspective,
Viking SeaTech Survey is involved at ev-
ery stage of the life cycle, from design
to evaluation and through working with
other disciplines. This process identifes
errors that may not be uncovered until
much later in the job, resulting in proj-
ect delays and increased cost.
Eradicating the blame culture
Contractor confict can trouble clients.
We have found that the greatest issue for
our clients is managing multiple contrac-
tors, especially when they are in confict,
as this can often lead to spending vast
amounts of time acting as arbitrator.
This is understandably irksome and
often it is the client who pays for this in
the form of lost time and additional costs.
An Integrated service approach can re-
move much of the operational burden
and the single contractor can resolve
problems on the clients behalf. This
approach allows the client to spend their
valuable time working on other things,
while we deal with the issue at hand. This
is becoming even more important as or-
ganizations become fatter and individ-
uals within those companies have more
responsibility, meaning that time is a pre-
cious commodity.
Bespoke options
Large frms have the option of using
the offshore support specialist for their
rig moving operations expertise. It may
seem obvious, but advising clients at the
earliest point in the process is fundamen-
tal to the success of the job at hand. Step-
ping in at the initial engineering and de-
sign stages makes things easier later in
the job. Once these specifcations have
been approved by the client, a list of ma-
rine procedures can be made. This step-
by-step guide advises as to how the boats
and personnel will move the rig from
start to fnish.
Our potential clients may have fve
or six different options from multi-
ple contractors. To make the decision
easier, we tailor the options to ft the
client exactly. By offering multiple ser-
vices, operational burden is lifted and
risk is less likely. The more links in the
operational chain, the more things that
can go wrong. We are trying to bring it
down to just two links, us and the client.
Furthermore, uniform policies and pro-
cedures lead to a safer operation. A unit-
ed quality system that clearly informs all
personnel of operational methods will
drive a safer practice.
Looking to the future
The integrated service model brings end-
less possibilities. Removing the burden
for the operator is not only advantageous
in terms of costs, time and schedule, but
it can remove the incidence of risk within
an operation. Risk comes in many forms,
but can be reduced by using a stream-
lined business with one goal, the swift,
safe, coordinated and accurate comple-
tion of a contract.
I foresee integrated services becom-
ing more common place as the indus-
try continues to adapt. The often long
and drawn out processes attached to
drawing up contracts between opera-
tors and contractors, and subsequent
legal associations, has proved costly in
the past. Integration will become the
norm once the industry realizes this
effcient business prototype is one to
be utilized.
Risk comes in many forms, but can be reduced by using
a streamlined business with one goal, the swift, safe,
coordinated and accurate completion of a contract.
1308pejew_7 7 8/20/13 2:57 PM
CAREER Insights
8 Summer 2013
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
EnergyWorkforce
Regulatory Experts
Career Opportunities Galore
Evolving regulatory systems in the petroleum industry
provides an emerging career path
By Volker Rathman, Collarini Energy Staffng
W
ITH the drilling moratorium
lifted, the oil and gas indus-
try is trying to fgure out how
to deal with the onslaught of new regu-
lations. The effects on the job markets
have already been felt: Thousands of
jobs in the offshore industry were tem-
porarily lost after the moratorium was
put in place in the wake of the Macondo
incident.
We say temporarily, since over time
many of these jobs will come back. This
is in no way belittling the effect the loss of
jobs has had on those involved and their
families. It is stating a belief that our in-
dustry is resilient and will come back
stronger and better.
Well over 80 percent of this countrys
energy comes from hydrocarbons. No
number of alternative or renewable energy
sources will change that percentage quick-
ly. Oil and gas are here to stay; and, frank-
ly, the country needs us to produce hydro-
carbons for them, even if the importance
is not always realized by many Americans
outside of our industry.
So our take on the future job market
is positive. Regulations about to be dealt
with by the industry will have an increas-
ing effect on job creation, since many
1308pejew_8 8 8/20/13 2:57 PM
EnergyWorkforce
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
Summer 2013 9
more people will be needed to under-
stand what the new rules mean and to
develop the best practices to implement
them. Regulatory experts and analysts
may apply here!
The role of the regulatory analyst has
expanded in all sectors of the oil and gas
industry as a result of proposed, new and
revised legislation.
r A regulatory analysts position may in-
clude such responsibilities as:
r Preparing and submitting permitting
requests for all new operations activi-
ty and any revisions to prior approvals
r Monitoring and reporting gas and oil
production and inventory for compa-
ny-operated wells
r Managing and updating regulatory in-
formation and forms
r Interfacing with local, state and feder-
al regulatory agencies
An experienced analyst will have pri-
or regulatory permitting and reporting
experience for full cycle development
planning, drilling completion, workover
operations, and feld abandonment. The
role also requires knowledge of permitting
specifc to the governing agency and geo-
graphic area.
Additionally with conventional on-
shore drilling, the process of shale ex-
traction is regulated under a number of
laws, most notably at the federal level,
the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy, The Clean Water Act, The Safe
Drinking Water Act, and The Nation-
al Environmental Policy Act. While
the federal agencies administer a gen-
eral one-size-fts-all set of guidelines,
the regulatory bodies at the state and
local levels may be distinctly different
due to geographic location, hydrology,
population density, wildlife, climate
and local economics.
This stew of agencies and rules cre-
ates career opportunities for experts in
each area and for generalists keeping an
eye on the big picture and the interface
among all parties.
Experts in this feld will be needed in
the permitting processes. This will create
employment opportunities particularly in
the context of:
r Greenhouse gas and air emissions
r Noise pollution
r Erosion and sediment control and
r Environmental threats to endangered
and threatened species
We do not know how the regulatory
scene will play out. We are certain, how-
ever, that regulatory compliance needs
will not decrease; this could create a boon
for those professionals seeking a switch
in their careers.
Tis fast-growing sector of the indus-
try holds promise to any regulatory pro-
fessional due to the diversity of agency
interface, geographic variety and environ-
mental concerns. As industry technolog-
ical developments and practices improve
and legislative requirements continue to
evolve, so will the unique opportunities
in these regulatory roles.
The role of the regulator y analyst has expanded
in all sectors of the oil and gas industr y as a
result of proposed, new and revised legislation.
1308pejew_9 9 8/20/13 2:57 PM
10 Summer 2013
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
EnergyWorkforce
Empowering our Troops:
AEP Career Initiatives for Veterans
H
EADQUARTERED in Colum-
bus, Ohio, American Electric
Power (AEP) is one of the
largest electric utilities in the United
States, delivering electricity to more
than 5.3 million customers in 11 states.
AEP has a long history of community
engagement and has established itself
as one of the top employers for military
men and women.
As a leading utility, AEP partners
with veterans organizations and job pro-
grams, provides special benefts to vet-
eran employees, and supports veteran
employees and their families through
mentoring and recognition programs.
Recently, PennEnergy was invited to
learn more about AEPs veterans ini-
tiatives and given the opportunity to
engage Scott Smith, AEP Senior Vice
President for Transmission Strategy and
Business Operations.
A former U.S. Army captain and com-
bat engineer, Smith serves as an execu-
tive sponsor for AEPs Military Veteran
employee resource group. Smith collab-
orated with PennEnergy content direc-
tor, Dorothy Davis, to offer greater in-
sight into AEPs veterans initiatives and
how they beneft our military heroes,
the energy industry, and the communi-
ties they serve.
PennEnergy (PE): What percentage of
AEPs current workforce is represented
by veterans?
Scott Smith (Smith): Veterans com-
pose 10 percent of AEPs workforce, with
1,770 military veterans working through-
out our 11-state service territory.
PE: When did AEPs veteran outreach
initiatives begin and what prompted
them?
Smith: Though AEP has a long his-
tory of supporting military veterans, it
became even more pertinent in recent
years as we increasingly realized that the
skills military veterans could bring to the
workplace closely match the skills we are
seeking for new employees. Many vet-
erans have the job-related training we
need to operate equipment and to per-
form other technical functions, along
with the personal attributes we value,
including leadership skills, f lexibili-
ty, adaptability, dedication and team-
work. We also have recognized the
signifcance of building a skilled work-
force pipeline that will help us meet the
future needs of our ever-evolving indus-
try. With this in mind, we have placed
increasing attention on our military re-
cruiting efforts as well as on our compa-
ny pay and benefts policies that support
Reservists and National Guard members
who are called into active duty.
PE: What programs does AEP have
in place for helping to recruit and
transition veterans into civilian ener-
gy careers?
Smith: At AEP, we have taken a
number of approaches to target the vet-
eran community and transition them
to successful careers at AEP. For exam-
ple, instead of fltering through thou-
sands of resumes, which can be time
consuming, we work with veterans or-
ganizations and national and state jobs
programs to locate veterans who have
the skill sets that match utility jobs.
This spring, AEP hosted an open
house at the AEP Transmission train-
ing facility near Columbus, Ohio, for
an up-close and personal view of the
daily activities of linemen, station tech-
nicians, protection and control elec-
tricians and other jobs. The event,
co-sponsored with veterans groups,
TRAINING Insights
1308pejew_REV_10 10 8/28/13 1:14 PM
EnergyWorkforce
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
Summer 2013 11
provided an orientation about the types
of careers available at AEP. Several AEP
military veterans served as mentors dur-
ing the event. AEP seeks out veterans at
traditional recruiting events, too. For ex-
ample, we participate in Hire Our He-
roes, a U.S. Chamber of Commerce-
sponsored job fair.
In addition, AEP is one of a handful of
utilities that directs ex-military job appli-
cants to an online military occupational
specialty decoder that translates military
skills, capabilities and training into civil-
ian terms. The decoder helps veterans
recognize the meaning and value that
their military skills and training have in
the civilian workforce.
PE: What impact has AEPs veteran
program had on the company and its
service communities?
Smith: For 10 consecutive years, AEP
has been ranked among the top mili-
tary friendly employers in the country
by GI Jobs Magazine. Our program has
not only increased the number of veter-
ans in our ranks, but it has helped veter-
ans transition successfully through men-
toring and company support.
I serve as an executive sponsor for
our Military Veteran employee resource
group, which was launched on Veterans
Day in 2012. The group not only men-
tors newcomers, but it also supports em-
ployees by assisting their families while
the employees are away on active duty.
The resource group partners with veter-
ans groups and sponsors events to honor
veterans throughout AEPs 11-state ser-
vice territory. Ultimately, we want to show
our employees and our service commu-
nities that we value the service of veter-
ans who have fought to protect our free-
doms and want to help them secure the
economic prosperity, ongoing support,
and respect they deserve.
PE: How does AEP envision the role
of veterans in evolving energy industry?
Smith: When we look at the veter-
an community, we see a skilled, disci-
plined workforce that can help our in-
dustry succeed as we begin a period of
rapid infrastructure modernization and
expansion. Nationwide, utilities will
need to replace an estimated 200,000
skilled Baby Boomers expected to retire
in the next fve years a third of the ener-
gy workforce. At the same time, utilities
across the U.S. are expected to invest $50
billion to modernize electric transmis-
sion infrastructure through 2020. This
estimate could surpass $100 billion if
additional investments are made to en-
hance communications and cyber secu-
rity capabilities.
Through 2020, AEP alone plans to
spend billions to build around 480 new or
enhanced transmission substations and
roughly 1,800 miles of new transmission
lines. We plan to rebuild another 3,900
miles of transmission lines between 2013
and 2015. We also are focused on prepar-
ing ourselves for success in a competi-
tive transmission business environment,
which will require us to move quickly and
fnish projects on time and on budget.
As a result, targeting military veter-
ans who are transitioning to civilian ca-
reers makes sense since their capabilities
match the qualities necessary for us to
succeed in a rapidly growing, competi-
tive transmission landscape.
PE: What is ahead for AEPs veteran
initiatives?
Smith: As we seek to recruit more
veterans into our ranks, we have looked
at how we can best support this popu-
lation of employees, particularly those
who continue to serve. AEP recently an-
nounced it will make up the difference
between an employees military pay and
his or her AEP base wage when the em-
ployee is off work for required training.
Additionally, we are supporting indus-
try-wide efforts to leverage the talents of
the veteran community. AEP helped es-
tablish the Troops to Energy Jobs pro-
gram, a product of the Center for En-
ergy Workforce Development. The
Center recently published a 54-page na-
tional model to help energy companies
develop a comprehensive program for
military outreach, education, recruit-
ing and retention. Through such col-
laborative efforts, we are determined to
help more veterans by providing a road-
map to civilian employment in the en-
ergy industry. In turn, we are ensuring
that we have the skilled workforce need-
ed to continue generating and deliver-
ing the reliable electricity that is essen-
tial to American homes, businesses and
national security.
When we look at the veteran communit y,
we see a skilled, disciplined workforce...
1308pejew_11 11 8/20/13 2:57 PM
12 Summer 2013
|
FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
EnergyWorkforce
Energy 101: Wave & Tidal Energy
PennEnergy.com
W
AVE and tidal energy is
a predictable form of re-
newable energy that uses
the power and movement of wave
and tidal fows to generate electric-
ity. With the use of underwater tidal
turbines, energy from the sea is cap-
tured to create a non-polluting form
of electricity.
A dam approach with hydraulic
turbines is the most modern tech-
nology being used across the world
to harness tidal power. Tidal dams
are most effective in bays with nar-
row openings. Gates and turbines are
installed at certain points along the
dam, and when an adequate differ-
ence in water elevation on the dif-
ferent sides of the barrage occurs,
the gates open, creating a hydrostatic
head, the Ocean Energy Council re-
ported. During this process, water fows
through the turbines to create electric-
ity. The technology used at tidal ener-
gy facilities is similar to that used at
traditional hydroelectric p ower plants.
Wave and tidal power is one of the
oldest forms of energy used by humans,
with tide mills used by the Spanish,
French and British as early as 787 A.D.
Its estimated the worlds potential for
ocean tidal power is 64,000 megawatts
electric, the OEC reported. However,
tidal power has a low capacity, usually in
the range of 20 to 30 percent.The tech-
nology for tidal energy is also expensive,
though powerful. It is estimated that if
a barrage was placed across a high-tid-
al area of the Severn River in western
England, it could provide 10 percent of
the countrys electricity needs, accord-
ing to the OEC.
Growing popularity
Tidal and wave energy technology is ad-
vancing rapidly as more countries are
beginning to realize the renewable en-
ergys benefts.
In the United States alone, there are
about 2,110 terrawatt-hours of wave en-
ergy being generated each year. Yet, ac-
cording to the Renewable Northwest
Project, this is just 25 percent of how
much the U.S. could be generating on
its coastsfrom tidal power.
Using special buoys, turbines or
other means, the country is captur-
ing the power in waves and tides from
the ocean - power that can be more
predictable than wind. Because tidal
energy reacts to the gravitational pull
of the moon and sun, experts can pre-
dict their arrival centuries in advance.
Oregon and Washington experience
the strongest waves in the lower 48
states. In Washingtons Puget Sound,
the U.S. could develop wave and tidal
technology that could capture sever-
al hundred megawatts of tidal power.
The U.S. Department of Energy
also recently unveiled a foating off-
shore wind platform that uses under-
water turbines to capture tidal energy
and create electricity, Forbes report-
ed. Another wave project that includes
10 buoys is being tested off the coast of
Oregon. It is expected to generate 1.5
MW. U.S. regulators see projects like
this as a smart and valuable solution to
diversify the countrys energy mix with
greener technologies. These regulators
also see wave and tidal power as more
predictable than wind and solar.
The United Kingdom also sees tidal
power as a viable alternative to fossil fuel
power. The U.K. is seen as a world lead-
er in wave and tidal stream technologies
due to its abundance of marine energy
resource. It is estimated that tidal tech-
nologies could generate up to 300 MW
of power by 2020. However, overall po-
tential is between 25 and 30 gigawatts.
1308pejew_12 12 8/20/13 2:58 PM
Actionable data for the Power industry:
Make your next step
your BEST step.
Power Generation
Renewable Energy
Transmission & Distribution
Smart Grid
...and much more
www.PennEnergyResearch.com
DIRECTORIES SURVEYS FORECASTS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
STATISTICAL TABLES CUSTOM RESEARCH
1308pejew_C3 3 8/20/13 2:58 PM
Weve got people.
PennEnergy JOBS is the key to attracting the
energy industry professionals you need to hire to
meet your business goals. Our process puts your
recruitment message in front of the industrys best
talent whether its online, in print, or at an event.
This approach offers you the fexibility to create
custom recruitment advertising campaigns best
suited to meet your budget and objectives.
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