Lecture 5 Multipressure systems

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

!


  (Multipressure systems) 

!"#$#
 %&$ (Low side pressure) & +,-&./, .

.

%#$ 1,
!"
   
! flash gas  - intercooling

&
.,1,
  !8. 9,, :;$,#! $,
!/,8<,#$<=>?@ -35 C / !"FG# -
,#$<=>?@ 2 C / -8.

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Flash gas removal

I@J= ,-/,K>I#$ 5_1

(a)
(b)
>I#$ 5_1  flash gas  (a) diagram (b) thermodynamic cycle

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

O%&%,P I ,,#$&%,K/.!1%FPK
!"
J&%,! flash gas :;$,!@1;+J1&
1,1,!
Q.
R


  :;$,!"F%J p-h F-K>I#$ 5_1 (b) !PS
,JP&@
JJ< 6 J,&,U #$J< 10 :;$,J!@ flash gas 
P@= flash gas F%9-J<#$ 7 -%
-
! flash gas J1,!
(J<#$ 3 J<#$ 8) 9F flash gas J
FP!1% !I/!:R -1,!
O?/.,FP!1%! $,!  , +
J;,&%,# !I/!:R/,&

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

1&
JJ< 3 FP ,J< 11 !PS/?[!P. +,#+!$,J /

!" = J< 7 F./O
!"F% - &%, F FP ,J< 3
!I$!I@$
 
! $,#$K8%/ -FJ1,!
!#
. flash
chamber (>I#$ 5_1) 1&
J 6 FP 7 JQ. float valve !I$
 ZP@=1,!
K flash chamber K% ,#$

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

#
@\#;$,#$K%Q!8.!#
- flash gas  liquid
subcooler  ,-/,K>I#$ 5_2

>I#$ 5_2 K8% flash chamber !PS liquid subcooler

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Flash Intercooling
/  flash intercooling F1,/
!":;$,O? #$

 &$ JO?/.,Q.,FP , flash chamber (>I#$ 5_3) F1,/

!"J!",JO;,<=>?@@$&
#$
 >K flash chamber -
JO?/.,!1%/?.! $, F
 /?, I% FJ flash chamber
 , + flash intercooling JK% F%/?,!1%K%
>
F@$&
:;$,!$I@J= >I#$ 5_3 (b) J!"
.  FJ/>

1-2-3-4 J,#$&%,K% 
!",FPF%!.  2-3-4-2
:;$,
@\##+JK8%F%#!$/
!"#$K8% -9!#

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

(a)

(b)

>I#$ 5_3  flash inter cooling (a) F- (b) thermodynamic cycle

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

K
!PSJ@, J#K8%+.!"!I$<=>?1@ ,/
!"#$Q.
 F%
 &$ ,-/,K>I#$ 5_4

(b) Thermodynamic cycle

(a) F-
>I#$ 5_4 -/,!I@$.!"%
+!1%FPK

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Intermediate pressure
.
 ,K flash chamber F%J &/.
1,
 %/?,
(higher stage pressure) &.
 %&$ (lower stage pressure)  ,#+
p
r = k
p0

1
n

a..(1)

!$ n J
1, stage

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

/ - 2 1 +& (two-stage system) JF% .!c#$/ 

 

pi = p k p0

a.(2)

!$ pi  intermediate pressure; pk  higher stage pressure; p0  lower stage pressure

/ (2) K8% :;$,/O.!"F%/?=R- -&.

!"K
!PSJ@,<=>?@,1, F
 /?,J# ./?,
.<=>?@
,1, F%%&$!/  , +J;,&%,!I@$!<=>?@,K/#$ (2) %

 ,#+
T
p i = p k p 0 k
a.(3)
T0

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Ex.5.1 A two-stage ammonia food-freezing plant gwith a desired capacity of 528,000

kJ/h at -40 C evaporating temperature and 35 C condensing temperature ghas a flash
intercooling system with a liquid subcooler. The vapor leaving the evaporator as -30 C
and entering the first stage compressor at -15 C. The vapor leaving the flash chamber is
superheated by 10 C in the suction line to the second stage compressor. Water
intercooling is done to cool the vapor to 45 C. Adiabatic efficiencies of both
compressors are 0.75. The volumetric efficiencies of first and second stage compressor
are 0.65 and 0.77 respectively. Fine the piston displacements, discharge temperatures and
power requirements of the two compressors.

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Single Compressor- Individual Expansion Valve

K8%! $, F 1 ! $, ! $,! 2 ! $, 9! $,!-&.
! $,#
R
1&@& +,#$ ,!1% ,-/,K>I#$ 5_6 (a) - (b)

(a) F-

(b) Thermodynamic cycle

>I#$ 5_6 ! $,!/,&

! $, F;$,&

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

JK>I#$ 5_6  &F!8@,

1,/
!"Q.
! $,!-&.&
F% ,#+

Q
Q
m e1 = e1 = e1
q e1 h 7 h 5

......(4)

Q
Q
me2 = e2 = e2
qe2 h6 h 4

....(5)

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

!Pn
 1,FQ/#$!1%/?.! $, FF%J

m h +m h
h1 = e1 7 e 2 6
m e1 + m e 2

......(6)

.,/<\@ (the net work) F%J

W = ( m e1 + m e 2 )( h 2 h1 )

..........(7)

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Single Compressor-Multiple Expansion Valves

1%F%!P#1,#+  JF.#F1,/
!"1,! $,
-.
<=>?@/?,FP ,! $,!<=>?@&$ 
!"-#+-/,K>I#$ 5_7

(a) F-

(b) Thermodynamic cycle

>I#$ 5_7 ! $,!/,&

! $, F;$,&
- multi expansion valve

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

J>I#$ 5_7 (b) JF%Q1,

!" 
q e1 = h 8 h 6

..........(8)

qe2 = h7 h 4

..........(9)

- &F!8@,
1,/
!" 
Q
m e1 = e1
q e1

..........(10)

Q
me2 = e2
qe2

..........(11)

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Individual Compressors- Multi Expansion valves

K8%I ,,1,
!"/O,F%9K8%
!I/!:R
 ?. ! $,!-&.&
-#&@& +,
R
1 ,-/,K
>I#$ 5_8

(a) F-

(b) Thermodynamic cycle

>I#$ 5_8 ! $,!/,&

! $, F/,&
&
- multi expansion valve

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Individual Compressors with Compound

Compression and Flash Intercooling

>I#$ 5_9 (a) F- (b) Thermodynamic cycle

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Cascade Systems
Qk2

>I#$ 5_10 cascade system

Cascade system !PS


 F/,!1%%
 
 ,-/,K>I#$ 5_10 :;$,J!PS
.
 high temperature cascade J
/%,
!"<=>?@:;$,#
<=>?@ t02 !I$K8%K-!P#$

%  low temperature
cascade #$<P=R:;$,!#
.
Evaporator Condenser 9
- +,/,JK%
Q02=Qk1

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

10

,-./


 J!PS! flash gas  -# 
F1 +& !I$ ,,1,! $, F

K& /@KJ#$JK8% F-1 +& JJ&%,
I@J=PsJJ ,%!GZtG/&R
.  ,#$K8%%,!$
!# <P=R#$&%,!I@$K#
 <% .!I#,I
F.

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

Exercises 3
1. A two-stage R-22 plant with flash intercooler for food freezing has two 45 mm bore and
40 mm stroke compressors as follows:
LP Compressor: No. of cylinders 6; rpm 1000; Volumetric efficiency 75%
HP Compressor: No. of cylinders 4; rpm 800; Volumetric efficiency 69%
Find the refrigerating capacity of the plant when the operating at a condenser temperature
of 40 C and evaporator temperature of -40 C. Also, find the interstage pressure.

421352 Freezing and Cold Storage

11