A

PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

“A PROJECT IN C
LANGUAGE”
NETCOM COMPUTER CENTRE, SIKAR (RAJ.)

Submitted to the
UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN
JAIPUR (RAJ.)

In partial fulfillment of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION & ENGINEERING

Submitted by: Submitted to:

VIRENDRA KUMAR SAINI Mr.............................
B.E. V Sem. (SEMINAR COORDINATOR)
ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION &

ENGINEERING
SHEKHAWATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DUNDLOD, JHUNJHUNU
2007-08
 SHEKHAWATI ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
DUNDLOD (JHUNJHUNU)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION &

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

VIRENDRA KUMAR SAINI

Has submitted his practical training report and present
seminar successfully on

“A PROJECT IN C LANGUAGE”
During academic year 2007-08

Dr. RAVI KUMAR Prof.

(Principal) SANJAY GOD
SEC (HOD, ECE)
SEC
 SHEKHAWATI ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
DUNDLOD (JHUNJHUNU)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION &

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

VIRENDRA KUMAR SAINI

Has submitted his practical training report and present
seminar successfully on
"A PROJECT IN C LANGUAGE”
During academic year 2007-08

Internal Examiner External

Examiner
 ANKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a huge debt of thanks to a large number of people,

without whom none of would have been possible.

First and for most I am extremely grateful to Mr. Lalit

Matoliya, NETCOM COMPUTER CENTRE,SIKAR for allowing
me to undertake this training.

I wish my special thanks to Mr. LALIT MATOLIYA for their

sagacious guidance throughout this training. Their
suggestions and prudent admonitions have been a source of
great inspiration. Without their ungrudging cooperation it
wouldn’t have been possible to complete this report.

Lastly I would like to thank all the section employees for their
kind co-operation and help, which was in abundance when
asked to make this training a successful.

VIRENDRA KUMAR SAINI

V SEM B.E. (E&C)
SHEKHAWATI ENGG.COLLEGE
DUNDLOD (RAJ.)

PREFACE
This training report is submitted as a part of the practical
training to be undertaken at “NETCOM COMPUTER
CENTRE, SIKAR”. The training was taken at the end of B.E.
III year and its duration was that of 30 days.

I understand the first phase of practical training at II B.E.

level between the periods of 01 JULY, 2007 to 31 JULY,
2007 at “NETCOM COMPUTER CENTRE, SIKAR.”
This objectives of this report are to present the “C
LANGUAGE”.

This report given all the details and description “OVERVIEW”.

"A PROJECT IN
C LANGUAGE"
NCC Faculty
GSM Services
5 Services are defined as anything the end user explicitly
sees as worth paying for.
6 The primary objectives of a mobile telephony system are
to allow mobile subscribers to communicate effectively.
7 Services are defined as anything the end user explicitly
 sees as worth paying for.

SERVICE CATEGORIES

Main types of telecommunication services:

8 Basic services:
Available to all subscribers to a mobile network.
e.g. voice telephone calls.
9 Supplementary services:
Additional services those are available by subscription
only.
e.g. call forwarding.

Basic Telecommunication Services:

To main categories:
10Teleservices
11Bearer Services

Basic Telecommunication Services Teleservices

Teleservice allows the subscriber to communicate (usually via

voice, fax, data or SMS) with another subscriber.
It is a complete system including necessary terminal
equipment.

Basic Telecommunication Services:

Bearer services

It transports speech and data as digital information within the

network between user interfaces.
e.g.- a bearer service associated with the speech telephony
teleservices is the timeslot assigned to a call on a TDMA frame
over the air interface.

TELESERVICES
Emergency calls
The emergency call function enable a subscriber to make an
emergency call by pressing a predefined button or by using the
emergency number. (Like 112,911).

Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)

A tone signaling facility which is often used for various control
purposes, such as remote control of answering machines and
interacting with automated telephone services.

SMS Cell Broadcast (SMSCB)

A text message with a maximum length of 93 characters can
be broadcast to all mobiles within a certain geographic area.
Traffic congestion warning accident reports, weather
announcements an advertisement.

Voice mail
This service is an answering machine within the network that
is controlled by the subscriber. The subscriber accesses the
mail box using a personal security code.

SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES

Call forwarding
Ability to forward incoming call to another telephone number
in the following situation:

12Call forwarding on MS not reachable

13Call forwarding on MS busy
14Call forwarding on no reply
15Call forwarding, unconditional

Barring of outgoing calls

The subscriber can activate or deactivate this service from the
MS with a variety of options for barring outgoing calls.
16Bar all outgoing calls
17Bar all outgoing international calls
18Bar all outgoing international calls except those directed
to home PLMN.
Barring of incoming calls
This is desirable because in some cases the called mobile
subscriber is charged for parts of an incoming call (during
international roaming)
19Barring of all incoming calls
20Barring of incoming calls when outside home PLM

Call waiting
21This service notifies the mobile subscribers, usually by
an audible tone, for incoming call.
22The incoming call can be any type of basic service
including speech, data or fax.
23There is no notification in the case of an emergency call
or SMS.

Call hold
This supplementary service in enable the subscribers to put
the basic normal telephony service on hold in order to set up a
new call or accept a waiting call.

Calling line identification services:

These cover both the presentation and restriction of the calling
line identity. The presentation part of the service supplies the
called party with the ISDN or MSISDN number of the calling
party. The restriction service enables calling parties to restrict
the presentation of their number on the MSs of calling parties.

Closed User Group (CUG)

The CUG service enables subscribers connected to the
PLMN/ISDN and possibly other networks, to form groups in
which access is restricted.
E.g.: Members of a specific CUG can communicate with each
other, but generally not with users outside the group.

INNOVATIVE FEATURES
Regional and local subscription
These features allow subscribers to subscribe to a service in a
specified geographical area.
Requests for service outside the area are rejected with the
exception of emergency calls and SMS.
For local subscriptions, the geographical area consists of a
number of cells, and for regional subscription, the area
consists of LAs.

Value Added Services

24Mobile messaging
25Mobile internet
26Mobile intelligent Network Services
Mobile Messaging

27SMS
28EMS
29MMS
30Instant Messaging
31Streaming

Short Message Services (SMS)

The service allows simple text message consisting of a
maximum of 160 alphanumeric characters to be sent to or
from an MS.
If the switched off, or has left the coverage area, the message
is store in a Short Message Services Center (SMSC).
When the mobile is switched on again or has re-entered the
network coverage area, the subscriber is informed that there is
a message.

Enhanced Messaging System (EMS)

32EMS can support relatively simple pictures, sounds and
animation.
33EMS messages that are sent to devices that do not
support it will be displayed as SMS transmissions.
34It is a 3GPP standard.

Multimedia Message Service (MMS)

35MMS means a multimedia presentation which consists of
music, voice, image, text, video and graphics all
synchronized across a common line.
36“Synchronized Power Point Presentation”.
37MMS-enabled mobile phones enable subscribes to
compose and send messages with one or more
multimedia parts. Mobiles phones with built-in or
attached cameras or with built-in MP3 players are very
likely to also have an MMS messaging client-- a software
program that interacts with the mobile subscribers to
compose, address, send, receive, and view MMS
messages.
The Greeting Card solution:
38Send message to your friend, family and loved ones:
- Via the web to the mobile phone.
39Ease of use- self instructing – Drag ‘n’ Drop
40Animations, Sounds, Pictures & Text

MESSAGING CONTENT
CARRIED
TYPE

STREAMING

REAL TIME DISTRIBUTION OF AUDIO, VIDEO AND

MULTIMEDIA

INSTANT
MESSAGING REAL TIME TEXT BASED
COMMUNICATION

MMS
PICTURE, SOUNDS AND ANIMATIONS

EMS
RELATIVELY SIMPLE PICTURES, SOUNDS AND ANIMATIONS

SMS
SIMPLE TEXT

WIRELESS MESSAGING LADDER

Location Based Applications

In this of significant telecommunication competition, mobile
network operators continuously seek new and innovative ways
to create differentiation and increase profits. One of the best
ways to do accomplish this is through the delivery of highly
personalized services. One of the most powerful ways to
personalize mobile services is based on location.
Positioning
One of the most obvious technologies behind LBS is
positioning, with the most widely recognized system being the
Global Positioning System (GPS).There are however, other
means of positioning in addition to GPS. These other
technologies are network based positioning and typically rely
on various means of triangulation of the signal from cell sites
serving a mobile phone. In addition, the serving cell site can be
used as a fix or location of the user.

Geographic Information Systems

Geographic data is an important aspect of any location
system. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide the
tools to provision and administer base map data such as man
made structures (streets, building) and terrain (mountains,
rivers). GIS is also used to manage point-of-interest data such
as location of gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs etc. Finally,
GIS information about the radio frequency characteristics of
the mobile network. This allows the system to determine the
serving cell site of the user.

LOCATION BASED SERVICE

Service Segments
41Safety
42Community
43Personal Lifestyles
44Tracking

SAFETY
45Emergency Dispatch
46Child/Family tracing
47Auto theft tracking
48Roadside assistance

COMMUNITY
49Friend Finder
50Dating
51Chatting
PERSONAL LIFESTYLES
52Entertainment & Fun
53Finding & Guiding
54Information services

TRACKING
55Fleet Management
56Vehicle dispatch
57Rental car tracking
58Remote workforce management

Machine to Machine communication (M2M)

Some key technologies for M2M
59Bluetooth
60GSM/GPRS
61GSM/SMS
62WiFi

Special Features of Pre-Paid Service

63Community charging
64Personalized Service offering
65Pre/Post paid convergence
66Real-time tariff based on accumulated usage

Special Features of Pre-Paid Service-1

67Bonus communications
68Telescopic charging
69Balance dependent tariff
70Negative Balance

Special Features of Pre-Paid Service-2

71Friend & Family for voice & SMS
72Multi-user Account
73Max. balance check before credit update for avoiding
fraud
74Fax and data calls
75Low credit warning during conversation

Push-To-Talk (PTT)
PTT is a two way communication service that works like a
“walkie talkie”.
A normal cell phone call is full-duplex, meaning both parties
can hear each other at the same time. PTT is half-duplex,
meaning communication can only travel in one direction at
any given moment.

Push-To-Talk over cellular (PoC)

The Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Huawei, Mobile
Tornado, Wireless ZT, LG, etc. versions of PTT are based on
2.5G or 3G packet-switched network and use SIP & RTP
protocols. These particular versions of PTT are called “Push to
Talk over Cellular”.