*

Essential Question: How matter affects everything around us?

*
*Atom *Element *Compounds *Molecule *Ions *Acid and Base *pH *Diffusion and Osmosis

*What is an atom?
*Atom *All matter is built up of simple units called atoms. *Every atom in an element has an equal number of
protons and electrons, and is electrically balanced, or neutral

*Every atom has energy, or the ability to do work *This energy (called chemical energy), comes from
electrons in the atom

*Elements are substance that

consist of the kind of atoms.

*What is an element?

*What is a molecule?
* Molecules * Are the smallest units of a
compound that still have the properties of that compound. (in H2O, the ratio of H and O is 2:1, so the formula is H2O)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc0Et PPpZUU

*What is a compound?
*Compounds *Substances made
from elements are compounds. A chemical formula shows the kinds and proportions of atoms in a compound. Ex: NaCl stands for sodium chloride (salt) from sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)

*What makes up ions?

*Ions *Electrically charged (+/-) molecules
are called IONS
* http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ion+attracti
on&view=detail&mid=EF6B08E34BFCD7D6B76EEF6 B08E34BFCD7D6B76E&first=21&FORM=NVPFVR

What is the difference between acids and bases? Two common groups of compounds that react in water are ACIDS and BASES

*Acid is a substance

that releases hydrogen ions (protons) when mixed with water (proton donor) *Example: CH3COOH --H20 H+ + CH3COO

*Base is a substance

that separates in water, forming ions that react with hydrogen ions (proton acceptor) *Example: NaOH + CH3COOH -- H20 + CH3COONa

*What is the purpose

of pH?
*pH measurements explain if a
molecule or compound is an acid or base.

*Acid and bases are measured by

a standard that is based on slight ionization of water.

*Pure water has a pH of 7.0

* The pH scale is based on powers of 10.

Thus Cola with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than Tomato juice with a pH of 4

* Living cells are very sensitive to pH of

their environment. Our cells are in a pH of 7.2. If the pH changes by only 2/10th of a point, cells die

*What is the difference

between Diffusion and Osmosis?

Osmosis : movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower water concentration

Diffusion : movement of a molecule/substance from a higher to a lower concentration

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* http://www.bing.com/videos/sear

http://www.bing.com/videos/searc h?q=osmosis&view=detail&mid=FEA3 5CCEAF6D9D2F2DDAFEA35CCEAF6D9 D2F2DDA&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

*
* The most common elements found
in living organisms include:

*Carbon (C) *Oxygen (O) *Nitrogen (N) *Hydrogen (H) *Phosphorus (P) *Sulfur (S)

*What the parts

*Neutron *Protons *Electrons

of on element?

*NEUTRON-has a neutral charge *PROTON-has a positive charge + *ELECTRON-has a negative charge -

*Every atom is made up of

positively charged nucleus and a series of orbiting, negatively charged electrons that surround the nucleus.

http://www.wimp.com/bestexplanation/

*What are shells, orbitals

and valences?

*Orbitals is in the shell that may

contain one or more orbital within which electrons may be located.

*a valence electron is an

electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond deos/search?q=atoms+an d+molecules&view=detail &mid=1E8399A3AAC8B74B CFF21E8399A3AAC8B74BC FF2&first=0&FORM=NVPF VR

*http://www.bing.com/vi