Biotechnology: Introduction to Gel Electrophoresis Explore: Define the following/Describe what is it used for: * Agarose Gel: A gel that

hold DNA samples and its used for the separation of the DNA fragments * DNA Markers:DNA fragments with known lengths * Digested DNA Samples:DNA samples that have already been cut by the restriction en ymes * !lectrophoresis "hamber: #here the process of electrophoresis takes place$ where the negative charged DNA travel to the positive side of the chamber * %ower Supply:&t is used to produce electric currents in the electrophoresis chamber * 'romophenol 'lue: &t is a dye that dyes the DNA movements so we can track the distance of the DNA * ('! 'uffer: &t is used to help carry electric current in the gel * Gel Staining (ray: )olds the agarose gel after being separated * !thidium 'romide: (he fluorescent dye used for staining DNA * Micropipette: &s used to transfer dye and DNA samples* * %ipette (ips: (heir used for the transfer of dye or DNA samples and uses a clean tip for every different solution to avoid contamination* * Deioni ed #ater: +sed to rise the gel after it has been stained with the ethidium bromide* * +, -ight 'o.: +sed to help read the DNA marks on the gel that has been stained by the ethidium bromide* Procedure: Step #1: Explain how comparing DNA Fingerprints can help identify a person who has committed a crime "omparing DNA fingerprints help identify a person because not everyone has the same finger print pattern as the criminal that committed the crime* Go through the steps #2-11 Record the BASICS of each step below: step/: %ut the ('! buffer solution onto the agarose gel to cover the surface of it* Step0: #e pipette bromophenol blue dye and mi. it with the marker DNA and then e1ect it into the marker DNA well* Step2: (han pipette the blue dye into the victims DNA and mi. it* (han pipette it in the victims well* Step3: %ipette the blue dye into the victims 4 DNA and mi. it$ than load it into the victim 4 well* Step5: %ipette the blue dye into the victims / DNA and mi. it$ than load it into the

victim / well* Step6: %ipette the blue dye into the evidence DNA and mi. it$ than load it into the evidence well* Step7: "onnect the electrodes from the power source to the electrophoresis chamber to create electric currents for one hour* Step8: (han transfer the agarose gel to the staining tray and flood the gel with ethidium bromide* Step49: :inse the gel with deioni ed water and let it sit their for 09min* Step44: %ut the gel in the light bo. and push on* ;observe< Step #12: Questions 4: Ev lu te: Does the DNA found on the hair sample match suspect #1 or suspect #2 !ow do you "now (he DNA on the hair sample matches suspect =/* & know this because the DNA from suspect =/ matches the DNA from the hair e.actly* /: An ly!e: #hy do a series of $ands appear on the gel 'ecause the DNA negative charge is getting pulled to the positive side of the electrophoresis tray making the DNA cross the gel leaving behind tracks* 0: Identi"y C use: #hy is the largest DNA fragment $and found closest to the well in which it was placed (he largest DNA band is found closest to the the wells because the larger the DNA fragment with in the gel the longer it takes to travel through the gel$ while the shorter DNA fragments move more >uickly through the gel* 2: In"er: #hat is true of the DNA fragment $and closest to the positi%e end of the gel (hat the fragment is smaller than the ones closer to the negative end of the gel* So they move faster and travel faster towards the positive end of the gel* 3: Predict: #hat would happen if the electrodes were plugged into the wrong outlets &f the electrodes were plug into the wrong outlets & think the DNA in the wells will go the opposite direction* so in stead of going forward they will go backward* 5: Apply: #hy is DNA fingerprinting more conclusi%e when pro%ing a person&s innocence rather than their guilt ?ingerprinting is more conclusive for a person innocence because its actual physical evidenced that the person that committed the prime was actually their and left a print of their actual finger which is different from anybody@s else* So everybody has their own uni>ue print to identify them and no one has the same print*