A Local Ecosystem | Stage 6 (Year 11) Content

Introduction to Biology Students must be studying at home. Must complete homework and own study. Phone calls and letters will go home if not completed Must keep class work in order! Ha e a ring binder with plastic slee es to keep notes in. !omplete practice e"am #uestions fre#uently $earn the key erbs if you do not already know them. Sometimes homework will be co ering some content not co ered in class% if you do not complete it you will miss this part of the course. &e are time poor% so you must work at home! &rite summaries for pracs'(irst)hand In estigations

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Lesson 1 Introduction to Preliminary Biology

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Syllabus Document Section 1

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SECTION 1The distribution, di ersity, and numbers o! "lants and animals !ound in ecosystems are determined by, biotic and abiotic !actors# 1#$#1 !ompare the abiotic characteristics of a#uatic and terrestrial en ironments

Lesson $% &biotic !actors in a'uatic and terrestrial en ironments *efine +,#uatic -n ironment. *efine +/errestrial -n ironment. -"plain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors. 0ead the table on Page 1 of the te"tbook +,biotic characteristics. !omplete worksheet to compare the abiotic factors in a#uatic and terrestrial en ironments. ,nswer the syllabus ob2ecti e for homework using notes.

Te(tboo)* Heinemann Biology +or)sheet* , comparison of the abiotic characteristics of a#uatic and terrestrial en ironments

1#$#$ Identify the factors determining the distribution and

Lesson ,% Distribution and &bundance

Te(tboo)) Heinemann Page 3)4 for definitions and page 4)

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abundance of a species in each en ironment *efine +distribution. *efine +abundance.

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67 for case studies.

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0ead the case studies on distribution and abundance of the humpback whale5 and the bush rat and answer the bush rat. ,nswer the #uestions in the te"tbook for each. 1#,#1 Process and analyse information obtained from a ariety of sampling studies to 2ustify the use of different sampling techni#ues to make population estimates when total counts cannot be performed. Lesson -% Sam"ling Techni'ues Scientists ha e de ised sampling techni#ues to make population estimates when total counts cannot be performed. 0ead Population -stimates in Heinemann page 67)68. !omplete Prac 6.6 Methods of estimating population numbers. Homework9 Make notes to describe the methodology and uses of the following sampling techni#ues: o o o o 1#$#, describe the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in ecosystems 1#$#. Identify the general e#uation for aerobic cellular respiration and outline this as a summary of a chain of biochemical reactions. /ransects Percentage co er ;uadrats !apture)recapture +or)sheet* Surfing Biology 7< 0espiration 76 Photosynthesis Te(tboo)* Heinemann Biology Page 67)68 Te(tboo)* Heinemann Biology ,cti ity Manual Page 3)66. +or)sheet* Sampling a $eaf $itter Population

Lesson .% The role o! "hotosynthesis and res"iration in ecosystems !omplete Surfing Biology worksheets 7< 0espiration and 76 Photosynthesis. ,nswer all #uestions. Access to computers needed! Highlight the roles of both photosynthesis and respiration in ecosystems. =Producers5 consumers etc5 energy flow and recycling matter>. Highlight the e#uation for aerobic respiration. ?ote9 this e#uation only gi es reactants and end products and does not show the chain of en@yme) catalysed reactions in ol ed in the intermediate steps.

E(tra /eading* http9''www.blueplanet.nsw.edu .au'ss))le))food)chains)and) food)webs'.asp"

1#$#- Identify the use of energy by organisms.

Lesson 0% Energy use in organisms !omplete the Surfing Biology &orksheet .7A Bses of -nergy by Crganisms.

+or)sheet* Surfing Biology 7A Bses of -nergy by

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and #uestions. o SECTION $ Each local a'uatic or terrestrial ecosystem is uni'ue# $#$#1 e"amine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species

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(ocus particularly on table 7A.6 Bses of energy by organisms.

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organisms.

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Lesson 1% Po"ulation trends This will be covered in more depth during the field study. !omplete worksheet +Population /rends in an ecosystem.. *iscuss the growth of -ucalypts at different altitudes. =see Biology in (ocus Pg78>. 0ead Population /rends =Heinemann Page 64)76>. ,nswer the #uestions for the case studies on the -"ploding Starfish5 and /he decline of the wombat.

Syllabus Document* Section 7 +or)sheet* Population trends in an ecosystem Te(tboo)9 Heinemann Biology

$#$#$ Cutline factors that affect numbers in predator and prey populations in the area studied.

Lesson 2% Predator and Prey Po"ulations This will be covered in more depth during the field study. PowerPoint. !opy notes and discuss. !omplete e"am style #uestions. Surfing &orksheet 7D

Po3erPoint* $esson 3 Predator and prey populations. +or)sheet9 Surfing 7D Predator)Prey Populations

$#$#, Identify e"amples of allelopathy5 parasitism5 mutualism and commensalism in an ecosystem and the role of organisms in each type of relationship.

Lesson 4% Interactions bet3een members o! di!!erent s"ecies# *efine and gi e e"amples for9 o o o o ,llelopathy Parasitism Mutualism !ommensalism

Po3erPoint* Interactions between members of different species +or)sheet9 0elationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

Homework9 complete worksheet9 relationships between organisms in an ecosystem Po3erPoint* /rophic Interactions.

$#$#- describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems

Lesson 15% Tro"hic Interactions 0e ise the terms: producer5 consumer and decomposer.

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$#$#. e"plain trophic interactions between organisms in an ecosystem using food chains5 food webs5 and pyramids. $#,#$ Eather information from first)hand and secondary sources to construct food chains and food webs to illustrate the relationships between member species of an ecosystem. 1,#,a accessing information from a range of resources5 including popular scientific 2ournals5 digital technologies and the internet. 1,#,d Summarising and collating information from a ariety of sources 1,#1e Bse a ariety of pictorial representations to e"press relationships and present information clearly and succinctly. $#$#0 define the term adaptation and discuss the problems associated with inferring characteristics of organisms as adaptations for li ing in a particular habitat $#$#1 Identify some adaptations of li ing things to factors of their en ironment. $#$#2 Identify and describe in detail adaptations of a plant and Lesson 1$% &da"tations *efine adaptation o o o Structural Physiological Beha ioural

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*efine: *etritus and detriti ore PowerPoint Presentation9 Eoes through food chains5 food webs and Biomass pyramids. -"am ;uestion9 *escribe the role of decomposers in ecosystems.

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6ISS9 Pag 61 Biomass F contains good information on Biomass pyramids!!

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Lesson 11% Constructing 7ood Chains and 7ood +ebs !omplete Part 6 of constructing (ood chains and food webs in class. !omplete Part 7. 0esearch an ,ustralian ecosystem =could be similar to field study>. Eather information on the trophic interactions within that ecosystem. !reate at least three food chains from the information gathered. !reate a food web incorporating the food chains. If not completed in class complete for homework.

+or)sheet* (HI !onstructing food chains and food webs.

Te(tboo)* Heinemann Biology Pg 74

Cutline the problems associated with inferring characteristics of organisms as adaptations for a particular habitat. 0ead a Plant ,daptations and ,nimal ,daptations from Penrith $akes and

Te(tboo)9 Biology in (ocus Pg A4 Problems associated with inferring adaptations% Notes* Penrith $akes

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an animal from the local ecosystem $#$#4 *escribe and e"plain the short)term and long)term conse#uences on the ecosystem of species competing for resources. $#$#15 Identify the impact of humans in the ecosystem studied. answer #uestions

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0esources Plant ,daptations and ,nimal ,daptations Po3erPoint* /he conse#uences of competition in an ecosystem

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Lesson 1,% The Conse'uences o! com"etition in an ecosystem PowerPoint9 !opy notes and discuss

Lesson 1-% 8uman Im"acts on the Ecosystem PowerPoint9 Human Impact on the -cosystems. !opy notes and discuss ,fter'during field study summarise ways in which humans ha e impacted on the ecosystem studied. See &orksheet.

Po3erPoint* Human Impact on the -n ironment. +or)sheet* Identify the impact of humans in the ecosystem studied

There is 1%$ lessons remaining i! needed# Could be used a!ter the 7ield Study to ensure all 3or) com"leted# Other3ise mo e onto the ne(t to"ic9Patterns in Nature# $#,#1 !hoose e#uipment or resources and undertake a field study of a local terrestrial or a#uatic ecosystem to identify data sources and9 =See /eaching strategies>. $#,#, process and analyse information and present a report of the in estigation of an ecosystem in which the purpose is introduced5 the methods described and the results shown graphically and use a ailable e idence to discuss their rele ance 7ield Study o! a Local Ecosystem Bndertake a field study measure abiotic ariables in the ecosystem being studied using appropriate instruments and relate this data to the distribution of organisms estimate the si@e of a plant population and an animal population in the ecosystem using transects and'or random #uadrats collect5 analyse and present data to describe the distribution of the plant and animal species whose abundance has been estimated describe two trophic interactions found between organisms in the area studied identify data sources and gather5 present and analyse data by9 o tabulation of data collected in the study Student Boo)let* Penrith $akes (ield /rip Booklet

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o o o

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calculation of mean alues with ranges graphing changes with time in the measured abiotic data e aluating ariability in measurements made during scientific in estigations

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Present a report of the abo e findings. Include Purpose'Introduction5 Method5 0esults5 and *iscussion.