Discontinuity Shear Strength Nov 2013

11/5/2013 1
Shear Strength of Joints and

Discontinuities
11/5/2013 2 11/5/2013 Claudio Olalla Maran
Catedrtico. ETSICCP-UPM
2
Outline
Shear Strength of Discontinuities
Testing
Laboratory
Field tests
Theoretical models
Patton (1966);
Barton & Choubey
Others
3
b n r
tan =
Shear Strength of Joints
4
tan
n p
c + =
Shear Strength of Joints
Prof Titular. ETSICCP-UPM
5
Shear Testing Machine
Hoek, 2000
6
7
Shear Tests Results
8
9
In situ field tests
Large cuantity of material is involved
Are well appreciated
Expensive
Catedrtcio. ETSICCP-UPM
10
In situ field tests
In a gallery:
20 50 cm
2
Catedrtco. ETSICCP-UPM
11
In situ field tests
Variant with
rod anchors
12
In situ field tests
13
In situ field tests
14
Theoretical models
Patton (1966)
Landany & Archimbeault (1970)
Barton & Choubey (1977)
15
Shear Strength of Saw Tooth Specimen
Patton (1966)
16
Shear Strength of Saw Tooth Specimen
Patton (1966)
( ) i
b n
+ = tan
17
( ) ; ; tan
n
=
= Joint roughness friction
= Joint contact area reduction
= Joint dilatancy component
Must be a function of:
18
Ladanyi and Archimbeault (1999)
19
) tan( ' V ) a 1 ( 1
a ) tan ' V )( a 1 (
m s
r s
m
s
n

+ +
=
|
\
|
a
s
= Afected surface fraction ~ 1- (1-(
n
/
c
))
1,5
V = Dilation angle ~ (1-(
n
/
c
))
4
r
=
c
(m - 1) (
c
+n
n
)
1/2
/ (n
c
) (Fairhurst;1964)
m = (1 + n)
m
= Roughness frictional angle
n = 10 (Hoek & Bray; 1977)
Ladanyi and Archambault (1999)
20
Barton & Choubey (1977) criterium
21
www.nickbarton.com
22
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ =
n
r n
JCS
JRC

10
log tan
JRC = Joint Roughness Coefficient
JCS = Joint Wall Compressive Strength
r
= Residual friction angle
23
Serrano, Olalla and Galindo (2014)
Have demonstrated that this
originally empirical criterion can
be formulated following Patton;
Mohr-Coulomb and a Hoek
Brown criteria
24
r
= Residual friction angle
r
=
b
- 20 + 20 (r/R)
b
= Basic friction angle
R = Sound rock Schmitd hardness
r = Joint surface Schmitd hardness
25
SCHMIDT HAMMER
26
JCS = Joint Compression Strength
27
D
e
e
r
e

a
n
d

M
i
l
l
e
r
,

1
9
6
6
28
JCS = Joint Compression Strength
/ / / / RCS/JCS
CAMBIO DE LA
DENSIDAD
CAMBIO EN
RESISTENCIA
0 1 - 2
-5 % 2 - 3
-10 % 3 - 4
-20 % 4 - 10
29
30 Barton and Choubey, 1977)
31
Barton, 1982
32
Barton, 1982
33
JRC = 2.37 + 70.97 z
1
in cm (0.784) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 2.76 + 78.87 CLA in cm (0.768) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 32.20 + 32.47 log (z
2
) (0.986) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 37.28 + 16.58 log (SF) in mm (0.784) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 6.05 (z
0
)
0.5
( ? ) Cunha & Muralha (1990)
JRC = 411 (R
L
- 1) in mm (0.984) Cunha & Muralha (1990)
JRC = 1195 (D -1) (0.869) Lamas (1996)
z
1
= Root mean square (rms) (Myers, 1962)
CLA = Central line average(arithmetic mean of asperities) (Myers, 1962)
z
2
= rms of 1st derivate (slope) of the asperity heights (Myers, 1962)
SF = Surface texture (Sayles & Thomas, 1977)
z
0
= Absolute roughness (mximum - minimum) (Myers, 1962)
R
L
= Linear roughness (Total length/length of the projection) (Chermant&Coster, 1978)
D = Fractal dimensin (Lamas, 1996)
34
The tilt test is not recommended
35
Serrano, Olalla and Galindo (20139
36
Influence of Scale on JRC and JCS
0
02 . 0
0
0
JRC
n
n
L
L
JRC JRC
|
|
\
|
=
0
03 . 0
0
0
JRC
n
n
L
L
JCS JCS
|
|
\
|
=
Where:
JRC
0
, JCS
0
and L
0
refer to 10 cm lab. scale specimens
JRC
n
, JCS
n
and L
n
refer to in situ block sizes
37
Instantaneous Cohesion and Friction Angle
38
Instantaneous Cohesion and Friction
|
|
\
|
=
n
i
arctan
i n i
c tan =
(
(
+
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+ = 1 log tan
10 ln 180
log tan
10
2
10 r
n
r
n n
JCS
JRC
JRC JCS
JRC

39
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Normal Stress, Sigman
S
h
e
a
r
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
, T
a
u
29 degrees
16.9
96
0.36 MPa
Normal
Stress,
Sigma n
Shear
Strength,
Tau
Friction
Angle,
phi'
Cohesive
Strength,
c'
MPa MPa Degrees MPa
0.36 0.99 1.65 58.82 0.39
0.72 1.54 1.42 54.91 0.51
1.44 2.48 1.21 50.49 0.73
2.88 4.07 1.03 45.85 1.11
5.76 6.78 0.87 41.07 1.76
11.52 11.34 0.73 36.22 2.91
23.04 18.97 0.61 31.33 4.95
46.07 31.53 0.50 26.40 8.67
INPUT Parameters:
dTau /
dSigman
Barton Shear Strength Criterion
Basic friction angle, phib
Joint roughness coefficient, JRC
Joint compressive strength, JCS
Minimum normal stress, Sigman min
40
c' (MPa) (degrees) c' (MPa) (degrees)
Basalt Clayey basaltic breccia, wide variation from clay to
basalt content
0.24 42
Bentonite seam in chalk 0.015 7.5
Thin layers 0.09 to 0.12 12 to 17
Triaxial tests 0.06 to 0.1 9 to 13
Triaxial tests 0 to 0.27 8.5 to 29
Direct shear tests 0.03 8.5
Clays Over-consolidated, slips, joints and minor shears 0 to 0.18 12 to 18.5 0 to 0.003 10,5 to 16
Triaxial tests 0.06 32
Stratification surfaces 0 19 to 25
Coal measure rocks Clay mylonite seams, 10 to 25 mm 0.012 16 0 11 to 11.5
Dolomite Altered shale bed, +/- 150 mm thick 0.04 14.5 0.02 17
Diorite, granodiorite, porphyry Clay gouge (2% clay, PI = 17%) 0 26.5
Clay filled faults 0 to 0.18 24 to 45
Sandy loam fault filling 0.05 40
Tectonic shear zone, schistose and broken
granites, disintegrated rock and gouge
0.24 42
Greywacke 1 - 2 mm clay in bedding planes 0 21
6 mm clay layer 0 13
10 - 20 mm clay fillings 0.1 13 to 14
< 1 mm clay filling 0.05 to 0.2 17 to 21
Interbedded lignite layers 0.08 38
Lignite / marl contact 0.1 10
Limestone Marlaceous joints, 20 mm thick 0 25 0 15 to 24
Lignite Layer between lignite and clay 0.014 to 0.03 15 to 17.5
Montmorillonite 0.36 14 0.08 11
Bentonite Clay 0.016 to 0.02 7.5 to 11.5
100-150 mm thick clay filling 0.03 to 0.08 32
Stratification with thin clay 0.61 to 0.74 41
Stratification with thick clay 0.38 31
Slates Finely laminated and altered 0.05 33
Quartz / kaolin / pyrolusite Remoulded triaxial tests 0.042 to 0.09 36 to 38
Shear Strength of Filled Discontinuities (Barton, 1974)
80 mm seams of bentonite clay in chalk
Peak Residual
Bentonite
Bentonitic Shale
Schists, quartzites and
siliceous schists
Rock Description
Clay Shale
Granite
Limestone
Limestone, marl and lignites
Typical values (Barton; 1974)
41
Hoek, 2000
42
Sensitivity Analysis
43
Maximun peak shear displacement
(
peak
)
peak
44
Maximun peak shear displacement
(
peak
)
peak =
= 0,01 L
0.6
peak =
= 0,004 L
0.6
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,0032 L
0.61
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,002 L (JRC/L)
0.33
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,02 (L
0.51
/JRC
0.37
)(
n
/JCS)
0.32
Asadollahi & Tonon (2010)
peak =
= 0,0077 L
0.45
(
n
/JCS)
0.34
cos (JRC log (JCS/

n
)) Asadollahi & Tonon (2010)
L = Fracture length in meters
45
Dilation angle (d
n
)
d
n
= JRC log
10
(JCS/
n
)
d
n
= asperity component
46
Bartons law for low stresses
Linear behaviour is assumed for:
< UCS/50 (or UCS/100)
p
=
r
+ 1.7 JRC
n
as follows:
47
Barton, 1982
LIMITATIONS
p
=
r
+ 1,7 JRC
n
At the origin of stresses (
n
<
c
/50)
c
/50
p
48
THATS ALL FOLKS!!
Thank you for your
attention

Discontinuity Shear Strength Nov 2013

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Discontinuity Shear Strength Nov 2013

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11/5/2013 1

Shear Strength of Joints and

11/5/2013 39 11/5/2013 Claudio Olalla Maran

cos (JRC log (JCS/

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