CENTRIFUGAL FORCE AND ANGULAR SPEED (DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS LAB) OBJECTIVE To investigate whirling speed of an unloaded shaft

rigidly fixed at both ends.

THEORY:
For any rotating shaft, a certain speed exists at which violent instability occurs. The shaft suffers excessive deflection and bows- a phenomenon knows as WHIRLING. If the critical speed of whirling is maintained then the resultant amplitude becomes sufficient to cause buckling and failure. However, if the speed is rapidly increased before such deleterious effects occur, then the shaft is seen to destabilize and run true again until, at another specific speed, a double bow is produced.

FOR THEORATICAL CALCULATIONS

APPARATUS :
Whirling of shafts machine. Stroboscope. Shafts.

PROCEDURE :
Select a particular shaft. Tighten the shaft in the chuck by means of the setscrew. Ensure that all necessary setscrews are tightened and that the guides and chuck supports are rigidly fixed to the main frame. Switch on the speed control and slowly rotate the knob in clockwise direction. The shaft speed will be seen to increase until a point is reached at which instability begins to occur showing that critical speed is being approached. To note the angular velocity of the shaft at that instant switch on the stroboscope with its mode switched to internal, the flash rate should be increased until some convenient point on the shaft appears stationary. At this point the flash rate coincides with the shaft speed, indicating the angular velocity. Increase the rotations of the shaft until the transverse vibration amplitude is seen to reach maximum. Adjust the flash rate, until the shaft appears stationary again. Note the flash rate , it is equal to the critical speed. The speed may be then increased further until a double bow begins to form, indicating the second mode has been reached. Repeat the above process in order to determine the second critical whirling speed. The experiment may be repeated for various lengths and diameters of shafts.

DIAGRAM

RESULT
From the experiment we have successfully found the whirling speed (critical speed) of an unloaded shaft rigidly fixed at both ends.