7q = g- Tangent y pes
normal y 2 = —4(2 — 4)
Slope of tangent at (4,4) is #"(4) =
8, Tangent y—4=—3(2— 4);
normal y~4 = }(2~4)
Slope of tangent at (2,—3) is /"(2)= -3(2)? = 12. Tangent y +3-= 122-2);
normal y-+3= qh (¢ ~2)
Slope of tangent at (2,1) is 1. Tangent y~ t= (+2)
lope tangent at (23) 8 Tangent y= = 78
normal y = $= ~4(2 +2)
1 1
2 Tangent y — 3
Ge Tangent
Shope of tangent a (-1 2) 2) = a1 49 = :
1
s Meta;
normal y— 3 = (2-41)
(@) f is not continuous at e= -1 and ¢=1; f has a removable discontinuity at ¢= 1
and a jump discontinuity at ¢= 1
(b) f is continuous but not differentiable at e= 0 and ¢=3.
{a) f is not continuous at ¢= 2; f has a jump discontinuity at 2
(b) fis continuous but not differentiable at e= -2 and c= 3.
atro-1 28. ate=$ 29. at e=0 64
30.
33.
34.
35,
36.
37.
SECTION 3.1
tim £0
no
tim F048) = £0) _
h
h
1+h)~fQ)_
$"(-1) does not exist
LOVE MAIC ~ higg
i
= lim
a-o
%
4
J'(3) does not exist; f is not continuous at 3.
vx
38.
4
6
TL
32.
39.
atr=3
Ye 40.
43.
46.
49.
50.
BL.
52.
53.
54,
SECTION 3.1 65
41. y 42.
f(z) = 44, f(z) = -
f@) =a; c=8 AT. f(z) = cosa;
45. flz)= YE e=4
48, f(e) =sinz; c= 7/6
Since f(1) =1and lim, f(2) =2, f is not continuous at 1. Therefore, by (3.1.4),
£ is not differentiable at 1.
Continuity at
f(z) =1= lim fle) = A+B. Thus A+ B=1
tim [0+N-S0) _ 4, GAP a1 f
ie a eh aor
Therefore, A=3, => B=-2
Differentiability at
fO+h) ~ sf)
ip a
rg) = {22+ D.2<0
ore (E2254)
im £024) -F(0) _ (hay?
©) ig = lpg
tig, LOFM= £0) _ yg =U =1
a a ar
tim 2e+h)— gle) _ fle+h)= FO) _
(iy PBB = ty ALG «pg
gle +h) = 9(c) _ [fet h-o) + Fl He)
1g, BES = fig EO r.
‘Therefore, g is differentiable at and g'(e) = f'(c)
(b) y
J (2) =c, c any constant
ney={t; 245 66 SECTION 3.1
55. f(z)=|e+h) o no={ reo
56. f(x) =|s*-1)
BT. f(z) =22+5 58.
59. (a) tim, f(e) = lim f(z) = f(2) =2 Thus, fis continuous at 2 = 2
(2h)? = (2+ 8)
f@+h)-F@) _
Ae = im
a
(b) fL(2) = lim
L2+H)~ 12) _ y,. WWHA—2-2_4
eR
AO) i, sin, A
() No,since #12) # £4(2).
oo. () 1) = fi @2 DNEEB 28
tim 20TH Ve) + hv EER
i
th
8A+4B+20+D=9 and 1244+4B4+C=18
Solving these equations gives A= 3, B= -6,0=6,
Let f(z)=ax?+br+e. Then f'(r)=2ar+b and f(z) =
‘The derivative of p is the quadratic p'(z) = 3az* + 2br +e. Its discriminant is
D = (28)? ~ 4(8a)(¢) = 48? ~ 1200
(@) p has two horizontal tangents iff p' has two real roots iff D > 0.
(©) p has exactly one horizontal tangent iff p has only one real root iff D = 0.
(©) p has no horizontal tangent iff p has no real roots iff D < 0.
—2, The secant line through (1, f(—1)) = (~1,0) and (2, f(2)) = (2,6) has slope
Now, fi(2)=32*-1 and 32 implies ¢=—1, 1,
_(epu)=20) 1
1422
fa)= fo=h =
(2+1)? *@+i?!
Let fc) = 1/2, x >0. Then f(z) =—1/2%. An equation for the tangent line to the graph of f
at the point (a, f(a)), a> 0, is y= (-1/o)x +2/a. The y-intercept is 2/a and the x-intercept
= 3 (2/a)(2a) =2
is 2a. The area of the triangle formed by this line and the coordinate axes is:
square units.
Let (z,y) be the point on the graph that the tangent line passes through. f"(r) = 32, so 2° —
3e2(—2), Thus 2=2orz=—1. The lines are y~8 = 12(2 ~2) and y +1 =3(r +1)
Let (z,y) be the point on the graph that the tangent line passes through. f"(z) = 347 —1, 50
ri-2—-2= (82*—1)(2+2). Thus2=Oorz=~3. Thelines arey = ~x and y+24=26(r +3).
(@) fle) fi(z) = 32? and f"(c) = 3e2. Tangent line: y— e = 32(2 — ¢) or y = 30x ~ 2c8.
(b) We solve the equation 3x ~ 20% = 2?
Paszt2A=0 =e (2-Aletter-22)=0 =e (cee +20)=0 61.
62.
63.
64.
65,
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
m1.
SECTION 3.273
‘Thus, the tangent line at = ¢, ¢ 0 intersects the graph at x = —2c,
Since f and f +9 are differentiable, g = (f + 9) — f is differentiable. ‘The functions f(z) = |r| and
is differentiable for all
|| are not differentiable at 2=0 yet their sum f(z) + 9(2)
a(2)
No. If F and fg ae difereniabe, shen g= 12 wil be diferentiable where f(s) #0
(= 42 =10-
9. az)
it follows from the product and reciprocal rules that
Qe-( eo = 10
(Fah)'(x) = [(fa)(z) - A(z)!’ = (Fo) @)h'(z) + h(a F9)(z)I"
= F(z)g(a\h'(x) + W(a\{f(a)a"(e) + ole) f'@))
= f(z)g(z)h(z) + f(z)o'(z)h(z) + F@)g(@)h'(x)
Since
aay
g2)S'@)
)* £0) wer
Pz) =22 “( Der-sense (3 F) Qe 24+ +1) 142) (oe?
Gia) = ae (Gm) @ e142 (Gate) @reror a(t Jorn
ate) = Va)? = fe) fle)
92) = HG) + 12) @ = 24s)
Let o(2) = [f(z)]”, where n is a positive integer. Let S be the set of positive integers for which g/(z) =
n[f(a)]" f"(@). Then, 1 € $. Assume that the positive integer k € S and let g(a) = [f(2)]**1. Then
ate) = Fes and oe) = HAULS) + OIE) = + DUET)
‘Thus, k-+1.€ S, and the result holds forall postive integers
‘To show that the result hold for all negative integers, write g(2) = [/(2), (rm negative) as
(2) = me where ~n is a positive integer
and use the quotient rule together with the esult above.
g((2) = Se? ~ 22? +2 2)%(90? — 42 +1)
(42222272) _ 4, 2042)
ge@=0 [s) G2 wa
FCVEN =F _ yg C14 WP
h OB.
@) f(-1) = im, 74
72.
73.
74.
7.
76.
SECTIO!
£.8) =
(b) If g(e)
F(a) = lim,
FLD) =
This gives
Q
We also want
This gives
@
“s B
IN 3.2
ig, PORN =I)
anent .
1210) 0 forallz, soabs
8) + 3) =3.
y = ~Beoshx + 4sinhz = 3 (e* +e7*) + § (e* —e™*)
ete See Bore
fa nheres a 3
@y
<0 forall 2 soabs max occurs at 2 = In3.
seine = A(t eet) 4 er
y=deoshe +5simhz = Het te4) + He
9
1
je" + je" > 0 always increasing, so no extreme values.
{cosh 2 + sinh 2]
oshne + sinha:
y=Acothee + Bsinhez, y/=Acsinhes + Becoshce, "= Accesher + BE sichce
= W=ey
y= Acosher + Binh ex; yQ)=2 =
yf = Acsinh cx + Becoshex; v@=1 =
yl =Accosher+Bésinher = cy; y"—9y=0 =>
‘Thus, ¢=3, B=3, and A=2.
From Exercise 20, y"”
ey, soe
1=y(0) = Acosh0+ BsinhO=4A => A=1
(0)
iesinh0 + Becosh0 = Be => B=
1
Leer tc at. Leaterc
1 1
a sinh? az +0 36. scosh’a+C
3a + 3a SECTION 7.8 365
1
37. Hin(coshas) +6 38. Linjsinhas| +e
go, 1 _i¢
- aeoshar
40.
Jsnteds= [He=-2+6% a0
1
1
inh 22 ~ 5240
41, From the identity cosh 2¢ = 2 cosh? ~ 1 (Exercise 23), we get
oni? t = § (1+ cosh 2). Thus,
fcost?xde =} f(a+cosh 20) de
Meg
=} (e+ tamn) sc
= fle + she eoshs) +
vovegen! fora ter ecu leat
42, [onnase™ar= 3 [erau=ero= heme 4c
* {; confi [Lens [snrads
cosh VE+C
coshu +O
inh ae
aa, f Smhe_ 7h = init tal C= In(t cosh)
T+ cosh Tru [1 +ul+C=In(1 + coshz)+C
45.
46.
a7.
48. jin i
: Mela
L (ganar y gar)
= gle ter)
For a>1, limit 366 © SECTION 7.9
SECTION 7.9
dy | 2n ay wr sech 73x -3 = se
1, Y= 2tanhzseer 2, © = riansesech"8e-3 = Gtanh3zsech 3
tH 1 sexta = sechzesche
3, Ba A sects = sech ech
ay | cugasy aaa) _ 2a cosh (t
5. Ba cosh (tant) & (tan 2x) =
6 # = —sech (32? + 1) tanh(32? + 1)(62) = ~6r sech (82? + 1) tanh(32? + 1)
dy _ 2 (fat
1. = -cat® (VFI)
wy tanh
8, -sechz)(tanhi2) = — tanh
9, 6 _ (1+e0sh2) (~sech tanh 2) ~ secha (sinh 2)
a (1+ cosh)
_ =seche (tanh2 + coshrtanhz +siah) _ ~sech (anh + sinh)
(1+ cosh x)” (1+ cosh)”
to, 4 = Sb2(0-+ sech 2) ~ cosha(—sech2) tanh _ sinh-r+ 2tanhz
de ech? —SSCSCSC*S*SSC* ech)?
a _ @ [cosh] _ sinh (sinh) ~ cosh (cosh2)
ae ste) = 5 [S| sinh?
cosh? 2 = sinh?
Sani: sinh
a a(t =
1 Etoncna) = Z (a) = ape sine = sechztanhz
cosh
~esch reoth
a aja
as. 4 (escha) = 4 [1
a (ochz) & lama] sink?
__ snh(¢+8) _ sinhtcoshs + coshésinhs __tanht-+ tanhs
14. tanh(t+ 9) = (CGE 8) ~ cosh tosh + sinhtsinhs ~ T+ eanhtanh SECTION 7.9 367
15. (a) By the hint seci’z9 = 2. Take sechay = 3 since sechz = —1— > 0 forall z
1__8 =cosh:zo tanh = (2) (#
(0) ooh = = § ©) satay = cosh zotanhzo = (2) (3)
cosh ry _ 5/3 _ 5 — 13
(@) cothzo = Shay = 4734 (©) echzo= She AG
16.
eschto
Sinh tp 5
17. If x < 0, the result is obvious. Suppose then that > 0. Since 2 > 1, we have z > 1.
Consequently
vai Ve-1< vz-i Vet = VF-1
and therefore a-VFaT <1,
;
sn [En (222
and therefore tanh(In¢)
18. We will show that,
for all z €{~1,1}
First we observe that
tout
+t
ths =
tone (LE2)] a (1
19. By Theorem 7.9.2,
a
= (inh 2)
4 eoet gy £4 =)
20. (cost) = [In(z + V2? =1)
21, By Theorem 7.9.2
geagiegeacn)
Gay 368
22.
23.
24.
25.
SECTION 7.9
y=sechtz => sechy=2 => coshy =
“a seers (3) - see
Let y= ihe Then echy 2 and shy = 2
sinhy
dy.
coshy SH
a
qs ik -—_iL_
az ~~ Foohy ~~ PTs Ope eivit
poet's = ottyes = tty} youae'(2),
@- cam (a)-eacr
(Same the eS
cosh?
tg arz=o, @ oy
Faome=0; Proitz 7
1a ly a1
another approach: G - a) = DED f civerses since JF aiverges and
1
YF converges
4. comers shal (ems andy poste); ooves, He! = EME (EYE 2
8. (a) does not converge absolutely; limit comparison with J
(b) converges conditionally; ‘Theorem 11.4.4
10. converges absolutely by ratio test.
11. diverges; a, #0 12. diverges: ax #0
13. (a) does not converge absolutely; 14.
15.
16.
a7.
18.
19.
20.
21,
22,
23,
24,
26.
SECTION 11.4 579
— gy RETHV)
(EET VR) Terie vi) ~ VERT SVE
and
1 1 1
Lae Labs gy emiewih pen
(6) converges conditionally; "Theorem 114.4
k
utey: B+ #22 1
(2) does not converge absolutely: Fao > ay5 = pgs comparison with >>>
kth k
© Gin Shy
(b) converges conditionally by Theorem 11.4.4
converges absolutely; ratio test,
terms all positive, converges absolutely: ax comparison with Dts
1
VEVEFIGES VER)
(@)_ does not converge absolutely; limit comparison with 5
(b) converges conditionally; ‘Theorem 11.4.4
kao
B
. 1
(a) does not converge absolutel mparison with >
@) ‘ge absolutely: comparison with 75>
(b) converges conditionally; ‘Theorem 11.44
aa a\t
arages ont 4 (8! 20
cove aley intel nts [2% de cove
ae=ksin sin(1/k)
diverges; a, = & sin(t/h) = AE + 1 40
. gas] _ (REDE RL _ (k+1)*
diaee [lt] EIB wo a ao
converges absolutely; ratio test, St — (+ YerW) _k+1d 1
ges absolutely; ratiotest, Sth — GACT FAIL 2
cos rk (
(a)
does not converge absolutely. 580
27.
28,
29,
30.
31.
33,
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
SECTION 11.4
(&) converges conditionally; Theorem 11.4.4
diverges; (MMSE = yt = rt
sin(nk/2)] © 1
verges absolutely; foy| = |S @R2)] <1
Converges absolutely; [ae] EE Be
converges absolutely; basic comparison
>| ‘k/4)
Ee
14 L 1
treseris (so5-sehg) = Ligecgarey cmmreebycomparsonwith Say
Le (ea- as) l(a
) wou converge, which is
not the case
di ° 82, 2 2 39,998
c a= > 39,
The series diverges because among the partial sums are all sums ofthe form
ut
‘Thus for instance,
1 1a
a5 Lyk andso.on
‘This does not violate the theorem on alternating series because, in the notation of the theorem, it is
not true that {ax} decreases. 41.
42.
43,
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
SECTION 11.4 581
Use (11.4.5).
1 :
(@) m=4 Gpp_ SOO => 100< (m+n)!
1 .
() m=6 Gp y_ <0 => 100< in +4)t
‘Yes. This can be shown by making slight changes in the proof of Theorem 1.4.4. The even partial
SUMS $2 are NOW nonnegative. Since S2m+2 Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen
