Chapter 4 textbook notes

Key terms
Mercantilism
Secularism
Fallowing- to leave ground for 7 years to regain strength
Indigo
Metissage- mingling of French and Native Americans
Entrepreneurial ethos
Almanac
Gullah- a pidgin mixing of several African languages

Geography
Massachusetts
Charleston
Quebec
Carolinas
Appalachians –also known as the backcountry, expanse of hilly red clay and fertile
limestone soils from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Settled by German and Scots-Irish,
isolated folkways.
San Diego
Georgia
New Orleans
New York City

I. The North: A Land of Family Farms

a. Northern Agricultural Society
Tight knit communities of Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and New
York. Broad ownership of land, greater social stratification, no true rich or
abject poor, land brought economic independence and political rights.
Things changed in 18th century limited land supply, decreasing soil
fertility, farmers began fallowing in which they left land unattended to
allow land to regain strength. This resulted in people leaving. Northern
farming was less intense and many filled out there down time working as
clockmakers, shoemakers, carpenters and weavers.
b. Unfree Labor
c. Changing Values
d. Women and the Family in the Northern Colonies
e. Ecological Transformation

II. The Plantation South

a. The Tobacco Coast
b. The Rice Coast
c. The Backcountry
d. Family Life in the South
e. Enslaved Africans in the Southern Colonies
f. Resistance and Rebellion
 g. Black Religion and Family

III. Contending for a Continent

a. France’s Inland Empire
b. A Generation of War
c. Spain’s Frail North American Grip
d. Cultural and Ecological Changes Among Interior Tribes

IV. The Urban World of commerce and Ideas

a. Sinews of Trade
b. The Artisan’s World
c. Urban Social Structure
d. The Entrpreneurial Ethos
New values as cities grew, regulation of prices and wages, individual
rights and responsibilities seemed natural, but New Economic freedom
and older concern for the public good erupted as a result of food shortages,
but the pursuit of profits won out.
e. The American Enlightenment

V. The Great Awakening

a. Fading Faith
b. The Awakeners’ Message
c. Revivalism in the Urban North
d. Southern Revivalism
e. Legacy of the Awakening

VI. Political Life

a. Structuring colonial Governments
b. The Crowd in Action
c. The growing Power of the Assemblies
d. Local Politics
e. The Spread of Whig Ideology