Solutions ‘Analyzing Data Solubility describes how much of a substance is needed to form a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in the same phase. Solubility usually varies with changes in temperature. Figure 1 shows the solubility curves for four different solutes in 100 grams of water. Grams of solute/100 g of Water FOUR SOLUBILITY CURVES 110 a8 KNOs | °y 1020-30 40506070 80 90 100 | Temperature (°C) Use the information in Figure 1 to answer the following items. | Figure 1 Solubility of some solutes in water 1. Which substance has the steepest solubility curve? Ifa line on the graph rises from lower left to upper right, what is the relationship between solubility and temperature for that substance? Which substance on the graph shows a decrease in solubility as temperature increases? 4, How many grams of KCl will dissolve in 100 g of water at 50°C? 5. What is the lowest temperature at which 120 g of KNO3 will dissolve in 100 g of water? 20 (© Pearson Education, Ine. Copying strictly prohibited.getlte | anuitulo? “nea eee Se for sor wee shea? ee fate Bs = Lato mete | ected tee gwen wes ste BP eS Sime cm mm TTR ang “RA FE Sonus geutvotadB ph AIL emma eee ebm = tne f on de a bagi = tere tate Pop = = tame 28g : ay fh ae “> viet ee gu aritetiene th oohe = B howe 7 - me cpm ol We emMULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the best answer to 8. How many grams of this solute will sink each item. to the bottom of the container if you add 80 g of solute to 100 mL of water at 20°C? Items 6-8 refer to the following passage and @ 80g () 64g © 42g (@ 38g Figure 2. ‘There is a limit to how much solute will Items 9-11 refer to Figure 3. dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. A saturated solution is created when a solution DISSOLVING SOLUTES contains as much solute that can dissolve at that Temperature | NaCl | NHs | KCI | NHAC temperature. Any solute added to a saturated = solution will sink to the bottom of the are Bo | So | 379 | @g ‘ oe 39g | Ba | 4a | 56g ‘90 4g | 109 | 549 | 29 maximum amount of solute is an unsaturated Figure 3 This table summarizes how many grams of four solution. More solute can be dissolved in the different solutes will dissolve in 100 grams of water at solvent. different temperatures. Figure 2 shows the mass of a particular solute that will form unsaturated and saturated 9. How many grams of KCI are needed to solutions in 100 mL. of water at 20°C. form a saturated solution in 100 mL of water at 60°C? 9 (a) 23 (b) 37 (©) 39 (@) 45 eo “| 10. When graphing this data, you plot # 3 temperature versus solubility (with se - temperature on the x-axis and grams of g B40 solute on the y-axis). The plot of which oe solute will have the most gentle slope? SS oo | (a) NHg (b) NaCl (© NH,Cl @) KCI = 1. Substances that become less soluble as i > ‘temperature increases are said to be 2 ee exothermic. Which of the four substances woss cf alte vet 0 in the table is exothermic? Figure 2 After a certain amount of solute is added, (a) NH,Cl_ (b) KCL (©) NH3 (@) NaCl a solution becomes saturated. WRITTEN RESPONSE Answer Items 12 and 13. 6. What is the solubility of the solute shown —_n a separate sheet of paper. in grams per 100 ml. of water at 20°C? 12. Classify What are the solute and solvent @ Ob) 24 © 42 @ 6 in a bottle of carbonated water? 7. In an unsaturated solution, the number of 13. Synthesize Carbon dioxide is more ‘grams of solute added equals the number soluble in. cold water than in warm water. of grams of solute dissolved. What is the Suppose two identical bottles of soda slope of this part of the line? Hint: Slope differ only by temperature. Which bottle, equals y divided by x. ‘warm or cold, will fizz more when opened? Explain. 2 1 © o (a) a (© Pearson Education, Ine. Copying strictly prohibited, at