Concrete International

DECEMBER 2011 Vol. 33 No.
12
Concrete Product Guide
2012
DECEMBER 2011 Vol. 33 No. 12
34
CONCRETE PRODUCT GUIDE
77 91 18 22 30
Concrete Product Guide Company Directory
ALSO FEATURING 2012 ACI Honors and Awards Program
Nominations are open for the annual awards of the Institute

49th PCI Design Awards Performance-Based Requirements in Practice
43 38 46 51 57
A case study on the concrete specication for Chicagos Trump International Hotel & Tower by Dane Rankin, David Alexander, and Patrick OBrien
Interlocking Spiral Connement for Rectangular Columns
An innovative design for strength, ductility, and economy by Samuel Yen-Liang Yin, Tzu-Liang Wu, Tony C. Liu, Shamim A. Sheikh, and Raymond Wang
Strength Compliance Evaluation with More than Three Core Specimens
by F. Michael Bartlett and John S. Lawler

Detailing Corner
Dimensions of Sloped Walls and a Clarication to Mechanical Splice Staggering (RFI 11-10)
Concrete Repair Specications: Guidance or Confusion?
Sound engineering specications are an integral part of true repair sustainability by Robert M. Snover, Alexander M. Vaysburd, and Benoit Bissonnette
Concrete international DECEMBER 2011
December
26
Concrete international
Publisher John C. Glumb, CAE (John.Glumb@concrete.org) Editor-in-Chief Rex C. Donahey, PE, LEED AP (Rex.Donahey@concrete.org) engineering editor W. Agata Pyc (Agata.Pyc@concrete.org) Managing Editor Keith A. Tosolt (Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org) Editorial assistant Kaitlyn J. Hinman (Kaitlyn.Hinman@concrete.org) Advertising Jeff Rhodes Network Media Partners, Inc. (jrhodes@networkmediapartners.com) PUBLISHING SERVICES supervisor Barry M. Bergin Editors Carl R. Bischof (Senior Editor), Karen Czedik, Kelli R. Slayden, Denise E. Wolber Graphic Designers Gail L. Tatum (Senior Designer), Susan K. Esper, Colleen E. Hunt, Ryan M. Jay Publishing Assistant Daniela A. Bedward
Copyright 2011 American Concrete Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All correspondence should be directed to the headquarters ofce: P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094. Telephone: (248) 848-3700. Facsimile (FAX): (248) 848-3701. Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, Mich. 48331. Periodicals postage paid at Farmington, Mich., and at additional mailing offices. Concrete International has title registration with the U.S. Patent Trademark Office. Subscription rates: $161 per year (U.S. and possessions); $170 (elsewhere) payable in advance: single copy price is $26.00 for nonmembers, $19.00 for ACI members, both prepaid. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Concrete International, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. Permission is granted by the American Concrete Institute for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) to photocopy any article herein for the fee of $3.00 per transaction. Payments marked ISSN 0162-4075/97 should be sent directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA. 01970. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference use without the express permission of the American Concrete Institute is prohib ited. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to the Publisher, Concrete International, American Concrete Institute. Canadian GST #126213149RT
departments
7 Presidents Memo 8 Educational Seminars 10 On the Move 11 News 65 Products & Practice 68 Product Showcase 71 Industry Focus
Workers place concrete at the lower level of the Fifth Avenue Underground Parking Structure in Ann Arbor, MI. Most of the products (both visible and behind the scenes) needed for such construction are included in this issues Concrete Product Guide, starting on p. 77.
72 Spanish Translation Synopses 73 Calls for Papers 74 Meetings 75 Whats New, Whats Coming 76 Bookshelf 97 Membership Application 98 Bulletin Board 99 Public Discussion 99 Advertisers Index 100 Concrete Q&A
American Concrete Institute

http://www.concrete.org Tel. (248) 848-3700 Fax. (248) 848-3150
DECEMBER 2011 Concrete international
IN
Ci
American Concrete Institute

Board of Direction
Dennis C. Ahal Neal S. Anderson Emmanuel K. Attiogbe Khaled W. Awad James R. Harris Cecil L. Jones Kenneth C. Hover
PRESIDENT
DIRECTORS
Ron Klemencic David A. Lange Denis Mitchell Jack Moehle David H. Sanders Joseph C. Sanders
December 2011
ts December, so its time for the Concrete International Concrete Product Guide. Weve broadened the scope of this years guide to include more of the materials, supplies, and systems needed for concrete construction. And, because the guide is now available in a searchable database at www.concreteinternational.com, well be updating it throughout the year. If you see a need for a new category or product listing, please send us a note at concreteinternational@ concrete.org. In the spirit of the guides broad scope, the articles in this months CI also cover a diverse set of topics, including repair specications, performance-based requirements for new construction, lateral reinforcement in columns, acceptance criteria for core tests of suspect concrete, and dimensioning guidelines for sloped walls. Yet, the guide and each of the articles has a central, fundamental goalimprovement. Whether its through increased resilience, improved communication, or enhanced value, that basic objective remains the central theme of this and every CI. Rex C. Donahey
David Darwin Luis E. Garca Florian G. Barth James K. Wight
PAST PRESIDENT BOARD MEMbERS
VICE PRESIDENTS
Anne M. Ellis
EXECUTIvE VICE PRESIDENT

Ronald Burg
TECHNICAL ACTIvITIES COMMITTEE

David A. Lange Daniel W. Falconer Sergio M. Alcocer David J. Bird Chiara F. Ferraris Ronald J. Janowiak Michael E. Kreger Kevin A. MacDonald Antonio Nanni Hani H. Nassif Jan Olek Michael M. Sprinkel Pericles C. Stivaros Eldon Tipping
SECRETARY CHAIR
EDUCATIONAL ACTIvITIES COMMITTEE

David M. Suchorski Michael L. Tholen Alejandro Duran-Herrera Frances T. Griffith Tarek S. Kahn Kimberly E. Kurtis Thomas O. Malerk John J. Myers William D. Palmer Jr. Andrea J. Schokker Lawrence L. Sutter Lawrence H. Taber David W. Whitmore
STAFF LIAISON CHAIR
CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS COMMITTEE

G. Terry Harris John W. Nehasil Khaled W. Awad Heather J. Brown Mark A. Cheek Cesar A. Constantino Jean-Franois Dufour Alejandro Duran-Herrera J. Mitchell Englestead Frances T. Griffith Charles S. Hanskat Joe Hug Colin L. Lobo Thomas O. Malerk Ed T. McGuire William D. Palmer Jr. John J. Schemmel Vinicio Suarez George R. Wargo
STAFF LIAISON CHAIR
ACI STAFF
Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (Ron.Burg@concrete.org) Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (John.Glumb@concrete.org) Certication and chapters:
John W. Nehasil, Managing Director (John.Nehasil@concrete.org)
Professional development:
Michael L. Tholen, Managing Director (Mike.Tholen@concrete.org)
Customer and member support:

Melinda G. Reynolds, Manager (Melinda.Reynolds@concrete.org)
Sales and membership:
Diane L. Baloh, Director (Diane.Baloh@concrete.org)
Engineering:
Daniel W. Falconer, Managing Director (Daniel.Falconer@concrete.org)
Strategic Development Council/ Marketing, sales, and industry relations:

Douglas J. Sordyl, Managing Director (Douglas.Sordyl@concrete.org)
Finance and administration:

Donna G. Halstead, Managing Director (Donna.Halstead@concrete.org) Rene J. Lewis, Director (Renee.Lewis@concrete.org)
Sustainability:
Publishing and event services:
Kevin P. Mlutkowski, Director (Kevin.Mlutkowski@concrete.org)
SUSTAINING MEMbERS
See pages 16-17 for a list of ACIs Sustaining Members. To learn more about our sustaining members, go to the ACI Web site at www.concrete.org/members/mem_sustaining.htm.
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Presidents
Memo
Celebrating a Global Event
ater this month, you can row your boat along the Tropic of Capricorn to a spot about 1000 miles (1600 km) due west of the westernmost tip of Australia to witness an annual event of great importance. From that unique vantage point at exactly noon on Thursday, December 22 (local time), the sun will appear to briey stop in its tracks directly overhead. While this Kenneth C. Hover, predictable, documentable ACI President event will signicantly affect every one of us, we will not all agree on how the event will inuence our futures, nor will we all agree on what to call it. ACI members, chapters, and our international partners in the Northern Hemisphere call this moment the Winter Solstice. As the sun reaches its southernmost declination, hardy northerners greet the official beginning of winter with extra layers of clothing. ACI members in Alaska, northern Scotland, and our partners in the Norwegian and Swedish Concrete Associations celebrate the event in near darkness with little or no sunshine to brighten the day, but the chill in their toes is matched with hope in their hearts since this shortest day and longest night of the year signies that the days will now start to get longer and bring more of the suns warming power. Our many friends, members, and international partners like those in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa call exactly the same moment the Summer Solstice, as their southern extremities celebrate near-continuous daylight. But their celebration of Midsummer is a reminder that their longest day of the year is soon to be followed by shorter and eventually cooler ones. For our international chapters at or near the equator in Singapore, Ethiopia, or Ecuador, the solstice has a less dramatic effect. If we wanted to schedule an ACI conference call to simultaneously celebrate the solstice, our friends in the Japan and Korean Concrete Institutes would call in at their local time of 2:30 p.m. on Thursday, December 22, from a time zone a few hours ahead of our Taiwanese and Chinese partners. The Indian Concrete Institute and ACI India Chapter would join at their 11 a.m., while RILEM would call from France at 6:30 a.m. and The Concrete Society in
London would ring-up at an early 5:30 a.m. Back in Detroit, a weary Ron Burg would answer ACIs phone at precisely 12:30 a.m. that same date. But ACI Past President Florian Barth of the Northern California and Western Nevada Chapter and Wayne Kawano of the Cement and Concrete Products Institute of Hawaii would connect at 9:30 p.m. and 7:30 p.m., respectively, on Wednesday, December 21, to be part of this monumental convergence! Realizing that I cannot globally generalize on what to call the December Solsticeor on what to expect from its passingreminds me of how difficult it is to generalize on the complicated issues addressed by ACI. Issues that portend an increase in light and warmth to one member or constituency can leave another member or group in a cold, dark place. As I contemplated a traditional year-end memo, I began by assuming that the roughly 18,000 of us who receive Concrete International have similar year-end expectations, but such is not a valid assumption. Were not only global in the sense that our members, chapters, international partners, and allied organizations are spread out all over the world, but we likewise work with global technologies in which an idea or innovation is judged on how well it works regardless of its country of origin. Modern communication and transportation systems move ideas, material, people, and equipment to any office or job site regardless of how remote. Not only are manufacturers instruction manuals written in many languages, but many of our own ACI codes, specs, reports, guides, certication products, and educational materials have been translated and the demand is increasing. As this article is being prepared, our certication team is in China and Taiwan and another delegation is visiting IBRACON in Brazil and then unveiling new Spanish-language ACI documents in Chile, Peru, and Colombia. But for all of our variety, were bound in a global economy where decisions made in any one corner of the world will affect all of us, and sooner rather than later. Nowadays we have to be able to see and communicate from down the street to around the world, and we have to realize that although we share common goals, we do not see everything the same waynot even the sun.
Ken Hover
2011 ACI Educational Seminars

seminars at-a-glance
For more information on ACI seminars, visit www.concreteseminars.com
ACI/PCA 318-11 Building Code Seminars

Seminar Topics The American Concrete Institute (ACI) has just published the latest edition of ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. This seminar, which is cosponsored by ACI and the Portland Cement Association (PCA), will cover all the major changes in this new edition of the Code. A major portion of the revisions are related to the addition of adhesive anchors in ACI 318 for the rst time. In addition to the new anchor design requirements, the seminar will cover adhesive anchor evaluation requirements and new provisions requiring certication of the anchor installer under certain circumstances. Changes to reinforcing steel detailing requirements, allowable grades, and coating types will also be covered. Important topics, such as detailing for structural integrity and designing using the latest in strut-and-tie modeling, will be presented and discussed. Included with the seminar are complimentary copies of ACIs Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, worked examples prepared by PCA, PCA Notes on ACI 318-08, and PCA Notes on 318-11 Companion Publication (mailed when available this fall)essential items that anyone in the concrete industry will refer to over and over for the next several years.
CONtiNUiNG EDUcatiON CReDit
ACI Custom Seminars

Topics now offered
Personalized training to t your organizations needs and goals.

ACI/PCA 318-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ACI/PCA Reinforced Concrete Design2-day seminar ACI/PCA Simplied Design of Concrete Buildings ACI/PCI Design and Construction of Concrete Parking Structures ACI/TMS Masonry Design to the IBC and MSJC Codes Basics of Concrete Materials and Testing Concrete Repair Basics Construction of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground Design of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground Environmental Engineering ConcreteDesign and Details Physical TesterBasics of Cement Testing* Portland Cement Concrete Overlays: State of the Technology Repair of Concrete Bridges, Parking Decks, and Other Transportation Structures Repair of Concrete Workshop Seismic and Wind Design Considerations for Concrete Buildings Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures Troubleshooting Concrete Construction Troubleshooting Concrete Floor Problems Troubleshooting Concrete Forming and Shoring
*Training fees vary depending on duration and location. Call (248) 848-3754 for a quote.
For more information regarding available Custom Seminar topics, visit www.concreteseminars.com and click on Custom Seminars.
Seminar attendees will receive 0.75 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) worth 7.5 Professional Development Hours (PDHs) for each day of the seminar. Professional engineers can convert CEUs to PDHs to fulfill their continuing education requirements. ACI is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects and several state licensing boards.
seminar dates and locations

Please check seminar location and date
AZF December GAF December DCF December TXF December CAF December
For additional dates and locations or more information on ACI seminars, visit www.concreteseminars.com Dates are subject to change.
1, 2011 Phoenix, AZ 6, 2011 Atlanta, GA 8, 2011 Washington, DC 13, 2011 Dallas, TX 15, 2011 San Francisco, CA
refund policy
Substitutions are accepted at any time. If your substitute qualies at a different registration fee, a credit or surcharge may apply. If you cannot attend the seminar, please notify the ACI Seminar Registrar at 248-848-3815 immediately. If you notify us 7 or more working days before the seminar, we will refund your registration fee. If you notify us that you cannot attend within 3 to 6 working days before the seminar, we will issue you an ACI credit for the full amount of your registration fee that you may redeem for any future ACI seminar, product, or service. If you notify us that you cannot attend less than 3 working days before the seminar date, we will issue you an ACI credit minus a $75 administrative fee. Conrmed participants who do not attend are liable for the entire fee unless we are notied in advance of the seminar date that you cannot attend. If ACI cancels a seminar due to insufcient enrollment, your registration fee will be refunded. ACI is not responsible for any incidental or consequential damages such as nonrefundable airfare.
fees and sign-up
One-day seminar $597 $457 $125
Nonmember Registration Fee ACI National Member Registration Fee Full-Time Student
Registrations from nonmembers (except government agencies within the U.S.) must be accompanied by full payment or charged to VISA, MasterCard, or American Express. To qualify for the discounted ACI National Members Seminar Fee, please provide your ACI Member number next to your name. Discounted student seminar fee is only for full-time students. Include current proof of enrollment with your registration. Name Title Company Address 2 Address 1 City, State, Zip ACI Member No.:
Registration Fee:
Phone payment I am paying by check (payable to ACI)
Fax
E-mail
register today web: www.concreteseminars.com mail: American Concrete Institute Member Services P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094
Please charge to my ACI member account

Current ACI national members only. Registration from all others must be accompanied by full payment, charged to a credit card, or reserved by government or company purchase order (ACI federal ID# is 38-0296490). All payments must be in U.S. funds and issued from a U.S. bank.
Please charge to: (circle one)
VISA
MasterCard
American Express
fax: 248-848-3801 (24 hours a day) phone: Member Services 248-848-3815 8 a.m.-5 p.m. ET I have a disability and may require accommodation in order to fully participate in the seminar.
Signature:______________________________________________________________ Expiration Date:_________________________________________________________ Account Number:________________________________________________________
On the
Move
June F. Zimmerman, ACI Information Systems Coordinator, marked 40 years of employment with ACI in 2011. She started with the Publication Department. Then, as ACI began to computerize its operations, she processed publication, subscription, and membership orders by computer. More than 15 years ago, June transferred to the new Information Systems Department to assist with a membership database computer system conversion, and has been in that department since. The ACI staff congratulates her on reaching this milestone anniversary. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. has added Justin M. Spivey to its Princeton, NJ, branch as a Senior Associate. Spivey specializes in the condition assessment, renovation, repair, and adaptive reuse of existing structures and has worked with many National Register and National Historic buildings. He is a licensed professional engineer in California and Connecticut, and received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art and a masters degree in structural engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Peter Zazzaro was named Vice President of Operations at Dur-A-Flex, Inc. He has a background in polymer adhesives and coatings and experience overseeing manufacturing. Prior to this position, he was Global Director of Operations, Quality & Regulatory Affairs with Dymax, and held a number of North American leadership positions with the Germany-based Henkel Corporation. He received his MBA in international business and BS in biology and chemistry from the University of Connecticut. and doctorate degrees from the Pennsylvania State University. Jeanne Gang was named a 2011 MacArthur Zimmerman Weyers Fellow. Gang is recognized for her innovations in architecture, creating bold yet functional forms for residential, educational, and commercial buildings, most often in the Chicago, IL, area. She received her bachelors degree from the University of Illinois and her masters degree in architecture from Harvard University. She founded Studio Gang Gang Architects in 1997 and is an Adjunct Professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology. ASTM International honored two ACI members with Awards of Merit and the accompanying title of Fellow. Gregory S. Barger, FACI, received the honor from ASTM Committees C01, Cement, and C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, for his leadership and technical contributions related to standards on compositional analysis and use and testing of hydraulic cements and hydraulic cement concretes. He was made an Honorary Member of both committees in 2009 and serves on several other ASTM committees. He is currently Technical Center Director at Ash Grove Cement Company in Overland Park, KS. Prior to that, he held research positions at Master Builders Inc. in Cleveland, OH, and Southwestern Portland Cement in Victorville, CA. He received his bachelors degree in microbiology from the Ohio State University. Margaret Thomson received the honor from ASTM Committee C12, Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry. Committee C12 cited Thomson, an ASTM member since 1996, for her exceptional leadership and commitment to standards development for the committee, especially in the area of historic mortars. She is a member at large for C12, and also serves on Committees C07, Lime; C01, Cement; C15, Manufactured Masonry Units; and E60, Sustainability. She presently works at Lhoist North America and was previously a Research Scientist at the National Research Council Canadas Institute for Research in Construction. She received a BS and a doctorate in geology from the University of Western Ontario in London, ON, Canada.
Honors and Awards
Richard E. Weyers, FACI, and Charles E. Via Jr., Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech, was conferred the Charles E. Via, Jr. Professor Emeritus title by the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors. A member of the Virginia Tech community since 1985, Weyers has made signicant contributions to the eld of civil engineering through his work in the area of concrete materials, specically in corrosion science and the rehabilitation and protection of reinforced concrete bridge decks. He started Virginia Techs Concrete for Kids program and concrete canoe project. He is also active in the Virginia Department of Transportation Concrete Research Advisory Committees, aided in the design and development of Virginia Techs Civil and Environmental Engineering Structures and Material Laboratory, and led both undergraduate and graduate courses. He received his bachelors, masters,
10
News
Ward R. Malisch, Technical Director of the American Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC), received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Malisch ASCC on September 17, 2011, at the organizations annual conference in Grand Rapids, MI. The Lifetime Achievement Award is ASCCs highest honor, acknowledging recipients for their body of work within the industry and their service to ASCC. At the presentation, Malisch said he was honored to receive the award, while noting the many concrete industry people who had inuenced him and enriched his ability to address concrete contractors concerns. They inuenced me more than I inuenced them, he said. Malisch, who was ACIs Senior Managing Director before his retirement, has answered the ASCC technical telephone hotline for 25 years. His work on ASCCs behalf includes 62 Troubleshooting Newsletters, 36 Position Statements, numerous technical bulletins and articles, multiple presentations, representation on industry committees, research projects, and co-authoring Tolerances for Cast-in-Place Concrete Buildings. There is no way to adequately thank Ward for what hes done for ASCC, said Executive Director Bev Garnant. The time, experience, knowledge of concrete, humor, patience, and understanding he has shared has dened much of what ASCC is today, and has made it a stronger and more credible body. Malisch received his BS, MS, and PhD in civil engineering from the
Malisch Receives ASCC Lifetime Achievement Award
University of Illinois. He taught engineering at several universities and worked in quality control for Daniel Construction Company (now Fluor Corp.). He also was the Editor of Concrete Construction magazine for 14 years and served as Director of Construction Information Services for the Portland Cement Association.
Hands-on Training at WOC
Several training sessions will be available during World of Concrete (WOC), January 23-27, 2012, in Las Vegas, NV. These events include: Hands-On Training: Surveying with Total Stations, a follow-up to Seminar MO01, Surveying Basics I: Using Digital Total Stations. Attendees can practice instrument setup, determine errors in angles and distances, and calculate errors and make adjustments to distance measurements in the field. Surveying equipment will be provided. Hands-On Training: Masonry |Concrete Block, which is limited to 30 attendees per session. After watching professional masons build a concrete block wall while WOC Masonry Advisor Mike Schuller provides comments and tips, attendees will be subdivided into groups to lay out and build three additional block walls with inside and outside corners, receiving individual instructions and tips from an assigned mason. Hands-On Training: How to Place and Finish Floors, a new session where two groups of 10 attendees will place and finish a 12 x 30 ft (3.6 x 9 m) slab under the direction of two industry-recognized flatwork finishers. Instruction will be provided on the use of hand and power tools, including handheld vibratory screeds, straightedges, bull floats, bump cutters, and
walk-behind power trowels. More importantly, attendees will learn about the window of finishability and how to read fresh concrete. The Concrete Placement and Consolidation Qualification Preparatory Seminar, a new educational offering on how to properly place and consolidate fresh concrete for slabs-on-ground, foundations, columns, and walls. The consequences of improper vibration, which includes honeycombing, bugholes, subsidence cracking, lift lines, and cold joints, also will be covered. This is a preparatory seminar for the written and field performance exams required to be recognized as a
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www.ASHGROVE.com
11
News
WOC Qualified Concrete Placement and Consolidation Worker. The exams are scheduled on January 24, from 1 to 5 p.m. Go to www.worldofconcrete.com for more information. The code for free registration to WOC for ACI members is A21.
Seal/No Seal Group Seminar on Concrete Pavement Sealing
Detecting Corrosion Early
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (IMS) in Duisburg, Germany, are testing a cost-effective method for detecting chloride-induced corrosion at an early stage. A sensortransponder embedded in concrete can continuously measure and monitor how deep chloride ions have penetrated the concrete. The sensor is crisscrossed by a regular grid of very ne iron wires. If the dissolved salts reach the wires, they begin to corrode and break. The number of defective iron wires is an indicator of the extent of corrosion and the depth to which the concretes protective layer has been penetrated. This allows us to determine when the next repair work needs to be carried out, said Frederic Meyer, a Fraunhofer IMS Researcher. The transponder wirelessly transmits the measured data to a reading device carried by an inspector. Our transponder does not get the energy it needs to measure the corrosion from a battery, but from a magnetic eld. This means it does not need to be replaced and can remain within the concrete structure permanently, Meyer added. While the sensor was developed by MPA Braunschweig, a building materials testing facility, the integrated passive wireless transponder system is the work of Fraunhofer IMS researchers. Field tests are already underway with the sensor-transponder being integrated into a test bridge that MPA Braunschweig constructed. Go to www.ims. fraunhofer.de for more information.
The Seal/No Seal Group is hosting a free seminar on Concrete Pavement Joint and Crack SealingMarket Trends, Current Research, and Best Practices during World of Concrete 2012. The seminar will be held on January 25, 2012, at the Las Vegas Hilton Convention Center. The rst part of the session will be informational and the remaining portion will be a training session. The training session will comprise the best practices for all construction elements that can affect pavement jointing and crack sealing. The planned presenters include Scott Eilken, Quality Saw and Seal; Charley Grady, Craftco; and Larry Scoeld, International Grooving and Grinding Association. Additional topics to be discussed at the seminar will include material from the new Tech Briefs recently released by the Seal/No Seal Group. The Tech Briefs are titled Evaluation of Backer Rod Absorption, Joint Movement Estimator for Designing Transverse Joint Seal Installations, Use of Silanes for Sealing Joints in Concrete Pavements, Joint Slap Evaluation and Prevention, and Construction of Long-Life Sealant Performance. To register for the free seminar, contact Michele Rivenburg, International Grooving and Grinding Association, telephone: (518) 731-7450, or e-mail: mrivenburg@pavement.com. Information on the Seal/No Seal Group can be found at www.sealnoseal.org. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Concrete Sustainability Hub recently released a comprehensive study of life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA) for road construction projects, titled The Effects of Ination and Its Volatility on the Choice of Construction Alternatives. The key nding in the research is that, largely because of the high price volatility of asphalt, traditional methods of conducting LCCA do not provide for any differences in the long-term costs of building materials. In conducting the simulations over a 50-year period, the researchers found that the mean real price of concrete decreases by 20%. Over the same period, the mean price of asphalt increases by 95%. More specically, the report states, overall ination outstripped concrete ination, while it is the opposite case for asphalt. To reach those conclusions, the researchers performed 1000 simulations using a 10 mile (16 km), four-lane highway project as a representative sample. The simulations were based on the assumption that the highway could be built with either asphalt or concrete. The researchers noted
Life-Cycle Costs of Roads
The MPA Braunschweig sensor-transponder
12
News
that although the highway would have similar functionality, the cost proles would be different based on the different characteristics of the material. Due to the durability of concrete pavement, more of the lifetime costs of the road would be in the initial construction. Asphalt requires more frequent maintenance, so a large portion of its costs would be spread throughout the life of the project. To simplify the process of accounting for ination in LCCA, the MIT team has developed an Excel-based program with an associated data le that allows a decision-maker to verify/upgrade this work to evaluate alternative construction projects. The software package is available at www. palisade.com/risk. @Risk is a Microsoft Excel add-on and the Excel/@Risk data le associated with the research allows the user to perform the verications and upgrades required for the analysis. View the complete research at http://web.mit.edu/cshub/news/ pdf/Ination%20and%20Volatility. pdf. the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). For SMSAs Capital Campaign, the company has made an initial donation of $100,000 and will make three additional $50,000 donations over the next 3 years. The pledge may be used for as many as seven named scholarships.
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AECOM Technology Corporation, a leading provider of professional technical and management support services for government and commercial clients around the world, has pledged $250,000 toward the Seabee Memorial Scholarship Association (SMSA) Capital Campaign. This pledge is the lead gift in the campaign and is the rst major corporate pledge. SMSA is a nonprot organization that provides nancial assistance to the children and grandchildren of Naval Civil Engineer Corps (CEC) officers and enlisted Seabees. The CEC and Seabees are both divisions of
Oztecs patented design ensures perfect consolidation with no hang-ups in the most congested rebar.
Will outperform any other type of vibrator round, square, hi-cycle, etcAny Type! Will protect epoxy coated rebar and expensive forms. Is outstanding in low slump (to "0" slump) concrete. Essential in large pours of very stiff concrete. Makes concrete denser with less voids to patch. Vibrates @ 12,000vpm, never drops below 10,500vpm when lowered deep into low slump concrete. Is an absolute must for Architectural concrete where cosmetic surfaces are essential. Can be used with Oztec electric or gas
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Concrete Vibrating Equipment
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News
Each scholarship provides $2000 per year for a 4-year educational period. AECOMs history has been intertwined with NAVFAC, CEC, and the Seabees for almost 100 years. One of the rst founding rms of AECOM was Frederic R. Harris Inc., a company started by Rear Admiral Frederic R. Harris, who became Chief of NAVFACs predecessor organization, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, just before World War I. Admiral Ben Moreell, ACI President in 1941, created the Seabees during World War II to build support facilities needed in advanced combat zones, as well as to defend those facilities afterward, if necessary. The pledge was authorized by John M. Dionisio, President and CEO of AECOM. Captain Brian Smith, member of the SMSA Board of Directors, and Captain Joe Leahy, Executive Director of the Campaign for SMSA, made a presentation to Dionisio at AECOM headquarters in May 2011. the goal of creating new, sustainable business models. NBS receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Richard Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario, the Universit du Qubec Montral, and industry partners.
New Sustainability Rating Tool in Development
Study of Alternative Energy Sources for Cement Manufacture
The Network for Business Sustainability (NBS) found that using household garbage, tires, and even plastic to manufacture cement would produce fewer greenhouse gases and reduce the amount of waste sent to landll than the fossil fuels currently used. Their study reviewed the last 10 years of academic and industry research. From the reviewed documents, we found it could be better to burn municipal solid waste rather than burning coal to manufacture cement, said Rosa Maria Dangelico, a Postdoctoral Fellow at Politecnico di Bari in Italy and one of the studys co-authors. Doing so could lead to some environmental benets, compared to the use of fossil fuels, such as reduction in the quantity of waste going to landll and decrease of air emissions responsible of global warming. Public resistance to alternative fuels typically focuses on the toxins released and the impact on human health. Incinerating car tires and plastic products releases harmful pollutants into the air, but cement kilns burn at such high temperatures that most of toxins are burnt before they can be released into the air. The Cement Association of Canada supported the research, which was subjected to a double-blind review by academic and industry experts in alternative fuels and cement. Alternative Energy Sources in Cement Manufacturing: A Systematic Review of the Body of Knowledge can be downloaded at http://nbs.net/wp-content/uploads/ NBS-Systematic-Review-Cement-Manufacturing.pdf. NBS is a Canadian not-for-prot organization that connects researchers and business leaders worldwide, with
The public comment period for the Envision rating systemdeveloped by a working group from the American Council of Engineering Companies, American Public Works Association, and American Society of Civil Engineerswill close at the end of 2011. These organizations formed the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI) in 2010 as a 501(c)(3) nonprot corporation to develop a rating system for civil infrastructure. The prototype Envision rating system includes a series of 10 primary criteria and 74 subcriteria, along with a graduated performance achievement assessment to guide the user through the various elements of a planning and project delivery process. The criteria include a series of considerations related to the conceptual and planning framework, along with project management and business strategies to promote sustainable infrastructure solutions. Although the public comment period is closing, industry representatives are encouraged to assist in the ongoing renement of the rating system. ISI is forming several committees to assist the ISI Board of Directors and staff in developing programming for the organization. Further details on committee member responsibilities and roles will be provided by ISI, but the majority of work is expected to be accomplished by conference call. Refer to the ISI Web site, www.sustainableinfrastructure. org, for more information. Recent updates to ACI documents have been posted, including: Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349M-06) and Commentary, first printing; Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, first printing; and Requisitos de Reglamento para Concreto Estructural (ACI 318S-08) y Comentario (Versin en espaol y en sistema mtrico), first printing. Errata can be found through the Bookstore & Publications pull-down menu on the ACI Web site, www. concrete.org.
Errata
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are the foundation of our success.

To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile section on a rotating basis. ACS Manufacturing Corporation Ash Grove Cement Company Ashford Formula Baker Concrete Construction, Inc. Barrier-1 Inc. BASF Corporation Buzzi Unicem USA Cantera Concrete Company CECO Concrete Construction ChrYso, Inc. Commercial Contracting Corporation Concrete Engineering Specialists Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute CTLGroup Dayton Superior The Euclid Chemical Co. Fibercon International, Inc. Francis Harvey & Sons Inc. Future Tech Consultants Golden Relief Resources LLC W.R. Grace & Co. Headwaters Resources, Inc. Holcim (US) Inc. ICS Penetron International Ltd Keystone Structural Concrete, LLC Kleinfelder Lafarge North America Lehigh Cement Co. Lithko Contracting, Inc. Meadow Burke W. R. Meadows, Inc. Metromont Corporation Mintz Levin Municipal Testing Operating Engineers Training Trust Oztec Industries, Inc. Portland Cement Association Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Schmitt Technical Services, Inc. LM Scoeld Sika Corp. S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc. STRUCTURAL Structural Services, Inc. Triad Engineering, Inc. TWC Concrete Services Urban Concrete Contractors Ltd. Wacker Neuson Westroc, Inc.
With a culture that thrives on challenges and takes pride in the success of its co-workers and clients, Baker has become an industry leader that goes beyond the expected. Whether its a power generation project, or one of the nations premier stadiums, Bakers professional teams bring the same drive, enthusiasm, and innovative spirit to every project. Headquartered in Ohio, and with 12 office locations that support work throughout the United States and beyond, Baker offers a full spectrum of concrete construction and related services, from preconstruction through completion. Baker is in the business of creating structures and relationships that are built to last. In addition to superior workmanship delivered with an eye toward safety, quality, and efficiency, Baker offers clients a partnership based on integrity and trust. Delivering the highest caliber of performance, diverse expertise, and extensive capabilities, Bakers clients can expect more with every project. To learn more about Baker, please visit their Web site at www.bakerconcrete.com.
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our Web site at www.concrete.org/members/mem_sustaining.htm
BASFs Construction Chemicals division is the worldwide supplier of chemical systems and formulations for the construction industry. The North American Construction Chemicals Division of BASF comprises four business lines that offer products and solutions primarily for commercial, residential, industrial, and infrastructure construction improving durability, water resistance, energy efficiency, safety, and aesthetics. The Admixture Systems business is a leading innovator in advanced products used to improve the placing, pumping, finishing, appearance, and performance characteristics of concrete supplied to the ready mixed, precast/prestressed, concrete masonry, paving, and underground construction markets. The Building Systems business supplies premier products that provide joint sealant, waterproofing, grout, concrete repair, water repellent, performance flooring, surface adhesives, and wall-coating solutions for new construction and renovations projects. BASFs Wall Systems business provides a full line of exterior wall systems including exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS), stucco, and textured acrylic surfacing systems. Through the Watson Bowman Acme business, BASF develops and manufactures expansion controls systems for the construction industry. BASFs innovative technology and solutions help make products better. For more information about BASF, visit www.basf-admixtures.com or call 800-628-9990.
Mintz Levin is a full-service, multi-disciplinary law firm. With over 450 attorneys and offices on both the east and west coast, we serve an international network of clients with deep industry experience, knowledge, and an energetic, entrepreneurial spirit. Our knowledge specifically targets the global construction materials industry, serving clients on all levels on a wide range of materials related issues. Todays regulatory and enforcement environment for cement, concrete, asphalt and aggregate companies is intense and unforgiving, and Mintz Levin offers an aggressive and proactive strategy focused on compliance. The firms practice group is led by a former regulator and a former prosecutor who are devoted to representing construction materials clients, and includes lawyers with engineering and management degrees and technical expertise. Our attorneys have successfully handled over 100 matters and disputes for construction materials clients across the United States. Recent successes include a highly favorable resolution for the largest concrete supplier to Bostons Big Dig project. Because of such successes, our clients turn to us to resolve problems, and to help prevent them in the future. For more information about Mintz Levin, visit our website at www.mintz.com.
TWC Concrete Services, LLC offers unmatched expertise as a valued subcontractor offering Builders, Structural Engineers, and Architects alike solid service and dependable work. Our experienced team has contributed to the building of landmark commercial buildings in Greater Cincinnati and beyond for over 50 years. We give our clients the total concrete package. From Tilt Ups, Flatwork and Footings to Walls, Reinforced Steel and Concrete Pumping, our extensive capabilities will save you time and money while giving you peace of mind. Make a sound decision...put TWC Concrete Services on your next job. For more information about TWC Concrete Services, contact Donald J. Wagner 513-771-8192 ext 104, or visit our website at www.truwallconcrete.com.
2012 ACI Honors and Awards Program

Nominations are open for the annual awards of the Institute
CI bestows honors and awards on the recommendation of an awards or nomination committee and approval by the ACI Board of Direction. Designated recipients are invited to be recognized at the annual spring convention of the Institute. ACI is seeking nominations for the 2012 awards program. Nomination forms are available from ACIs Web site, www.concrete.org/about/ ab-awards.htm, as downloadable MS Word documents. From the awards home page, you can choose the award form you wish to use to nominate a worthy individual or organization. Nominations may be submitted to ACI Headquarters from any source, including, in most cases, selfnominations. Please assist ACI in recognizing those deserving individuals or organizations. Submit your nominations to the attention of Diane Pociask, Administrative Assistant, ACI Honors and Awards Program, at ACI Headquarters, e-mail: diane.pociask@ concrete.org, by February 15, 2012. Nominations for Fellows of the Institute should be submitted to ACI Headquarters by May 30, 2012.
Member is elected by unanimous vote of the ACI Board of Direction. Nominees will be judged by the degree to which they have attained noteworthy recognition in the following areas: Service in any eld of endeavor aligned with the Institutes objectives; Signicant contributions to ACI and/or to the concrete industry; Contributions that have beneted their nation; and Demonstrated positive inuence on the industry and adhering to high standards of conduct, ethics, and integrity. A person elected an Honorary Member will receive a suitably inscribed certicate and an Honorary Member lapel pin, which are presented at the spring conventions Opening Session and Awards Program. Fellows of the Institute are nominated by a Fellows Nomination Committee (FNC) and elected by the ACI Board of Direction. The FNC meets annually at the ACI spring convention to review nominations and develop a slate of recommended nominees for consideration and election by the ACI Board of Direction. Potential candidates may be presented to the FNC for consideration by a member of the committee, by a local chapter, by the International Committee, or by petition by ve current ACI members. At the time of nomination, a Fellow shall have been a Member of the Institute, or a representative of an Organizational or Sustaining Member of the Institute, for at least 10 years, including 3 of the last 5 years, and shall have made outstanding contributions to the production or use of concrete materials, products, and structures in the areas of education, research, development, design, construction, or management. In addition, a Fellow shall have made signicant contributions to ACI through committees
Fellow of the Institute
Honorary Membership
The Institute confers Honorary Membership, ACIs highest honor, to persons of eminence in their eld and those who perform extraordinary meritorious service to the Institute. The Honorary Membership Committee reviews and formulates recommendations during their annual meeting at the ACI spring convention. The committees recommendations are made to the Honors and Awards Committee for nal approval by the ACI Board of Direction at their meeting at the ACI fall convention. An Honorary Member has the same rights and privileges as a member, but shall not be subject to dues. The total number of Honorary Members of the Institute and the maximum number elected in any 1 year are at the discretion of the ACI Board of Direction. An Honorary
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and/or local chapters. Individuals attaining this honor shall retain that membership rank as long as membership in the Institute is maintained.
Personal Awards
In an effort to encourage, recognize, and reward excellence and outstanding accomplishments in the art and science of concrete, ACI established merit awards (Joe W. Kelly, Henry L. Kennedy, and Henry C. Turner) and professional awards (Arthur R. Anderson, Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Constructor, Charles S. Whitney, and Cedric Willson). These awards were named in honor of ACI Past Presidents and members who made outstanding contributions to the use of concrete. Administered by the Personal Awards Committee, these awards recognize those individuals or organizations that, through their outstanding contributions to education, technology, and administration, have enhanced the Institutes prestige. Contributions in innovative materials, design, certication, and sustainability are also recognized. These individual merit awards do not necessarily have to be granted each year. ACI Merit Awards (Individual) The Joe W. Kelly Award was established in 1974 in recognition of the contributions of Joe W. Kelly, ACI Past President, to concrete technology, his devotion to teaching, the advancement of his profession, and the use of concrete in construction. This award is given only for outstanding contributions to education in the broad eld of concrete. The Henry L. Kennedy Award was established in 1958 by the Institute to honor the late Henry L. Kennedy, an extremely active Institute member and an ACI Past President. The award is given only for outstanding technical or administrative service to the Institute. The basis for selection of awardees is outstanding activity or service that has enhanced the Institutes prestige; marked leadership in technical, administrative, or special committee work; or other distinguished service to the Institute. The Henry C. Turner Medal was founded in 1927 by Henry C. Turner, ACI Past President. It is awarded for notable achievements in or service to the concrete industry. In making selections for the Turner Medal, the committee is not restricted to members of the Institute or the achievements of any particular period. ACI Professional Awards (Individual or Organization) ACI established the Arthur R. Anderson Award in 1972 in recognition of Arthur R. Anderson, ACI Past President, for his imaginative and outstanding leadership
and insistence on excellence of concrete quality for engineering works. The award is given for outstanding contributions to the advancement of knowledge of concrete as a construction material. All persons, rms, corporations, or organizations are eligible to receive this award. The Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Constructor Award was established in 1972 in recognition of Roger H. Corbetta, ACI Past President, for his creative leadership and many outstanding contributions to the use of concrete for construction. The award is given to an individual or an organization who, or which, as a constructor, has made signicant contributions to progress in methods of concrete construction. The Charles S. Whitney Medal for engineering development was founded in 1961 by Ammann and Whitney to honor the memory of Charles S. Whitney. It may be bestowed once in any year for noteworthy engineering development work in concrete design or construction. The recognition may be extended to a rm or agency alone or to an individual. Any outstanding engineering development work contributing importantly through the development
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ACI President Kenneth Hover (left) presents ACI Honorary Membership to Nicholas Carino, Concrete Technology Consultant, Chagrin Falls, OH, at the ACI Spring 2011 Convention in Tampa, FL
of general engineering practice or through the application in specic noteworthy projects to the advancement of the science or art of concrete design or construction is eligible. The Cedric Willson Award was established by the ACI Northeast Texas Chapter and approved by the ACI Board of Direction in 1976 in recognition of Cedric Willsons many contributions in the areas of innovative materials and design, especially in lightweight aggregate, lightweight concrete, and lightweight concrete masonry. The award is given for outstanding contributions to one or more of these elds. A person, rm, or organization is eligible for the award. The ACI Certication Award was established in 2004 and is administered by the Certication Programs Award Committee. This award recognizes individuals and organizations that have made notable contributions to the advancement of ACI certication through involvement in the general areas of developing, maintaining, delivering, promoting, specifying, or enforcing requirements for ACI certication programs. Nominees need not be ACI members. Nominations may be made by any individual or organization affiliated with ACI or ACI certication at
any level, including ACI committees, ACI chapters, local sponsoring group contacts, or ACI staff, and must be submitted to Headquarters on the ACI Certication Award nomination form. Self-nominations will not be considered. ACI established the ACI Concrete Sustainability Award in 2010. Also administered by the Personal Awards Committee, this award recognizes individuals or teams who have made contributions in highlighting concretes role related to sustainability. Notable contributions may be the demonstration or improvement in concretes sustainable attributes through research, design, education, or construction and/or the use of concrete in innovative ways to contribute to a more sustainable built environment. The award may be presented to more than one individual or team per year. Nominations may be submitted by any ACI member or nonmember. Selfnominations are permitted. Nominations will also be encouraged through concrete sustainability-related societies, institutes, agencies, organizations, committees, and task groups. The ACI Young Member Award for Professional Achievement is administered by the ACI Young Member Award for Professional Achievement Committee. This committee meets annually at the ACI spring convention to discuss recommendations for ACI Board of Direction consideration at their meeting during the ACI fall convention. Nominees must be ACI members and 35 years of age or less at the time the completed nomination form is received at Headquarters. Nominations are to be submitted to Headquarters by an ACI member or chapter; selfnominations will not be considered. Nominees will be judged by their achievements in active participation at the local chapter and national/ international levels; service to the advancement of the industry; evidence of technical competence, high character, and integrity; mentoring students and young professionals; and other evidence of merit that, in the judgment of the committee, has advanced the Institutes objectives. The Walter P. Moore, Jr. Faculty Achievement Award is administered by Student and Young Professional Activities Committee S804, Student and Young Professional Awards. This award recognizes new faculty members for excellence and innovation in the teaching of concrete design, materials, or construction. The award honors the late Walter P. Moore Jr., ACI Fellow, former ACI Board member, and a structural engineer and educator in Texas. Nominations may be submitted by an ACI member, an ACI student chapter, or the nominees Department Head. Self-nominations will not be considered.
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49th PCI Design Awards
hree juries selected 29 winners and 26 honorable mentions for the 2011 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) Design Awards. The producers of the winning projects were acknowledged at the 2011 PCI Annual Convention and National Bridge Conference, October 22-26, in Salt Lake City, UT. For more information on the winning projects, go to www.pcidesignawards.org/2011/index.html. The submission site for the 50th Annual PCI Design Awards will open in January 2012. Submissions are due by May 21, 2012.
Structures, Precasters; and Rubbrecht Engineering, Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Retail/Mixed-Use Structure: The Atrium, Victoria, BC, Canada This building is the rst in North America with an exterior precast cladding system made with ultra-high- performance concrete (UHPC). The UHPC panels were manufactured with a surface pattern of vertical lines cast from a hand-carved mold. Project credits: DAmbrosio Architecture + Urbanism, Architect; Campbell Construction Ltd., Contractor; Fast + Epp and Stantec, Engineers; Lafarge Canada, Precaster; and DIALOG, Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Parking Structure (0-999 cars): 164th Street Garage, Bronx, NY Adjacent to the new Yankee Stadium, this ve-tier, 660-space garage serves as the fourth faade of the stadium. To protect the adjacent stadium from explosive devices, the NYPD Joint Terrorism Task Force required that the garage include a hardened 12 in. (300 mm) thick, 50 ft (15 m) tall reinforced concrete structural wall on the south faade. Project credits: Clarke Caton Hintz Architects, Architect; Prismatic and Hunter Roberts, Contractors; Fay Spofford Thorndike, Engineer; Unistress Corp., Precaster; and Hoch Associates, Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Parking Structure (1000+ cars), co-winner: Mineta San Jose International Airport ConRACQTA, San Jose, CA A double-tee precast design shaved more than 5 months off the construction schedule for this airport parking structure. To match the curved shape of the structures north end, the shear walls were curved and the double tees were cast as pie-shaped wedges.
Buildings Winners
Best Low-Rise Office Building: California ISO Headquarters, Folsom, CA For the office wing of this LEED Platinum building, a precast hybrid moment frame system was selected for cost, seismic, and aesthetic reasons. Precast columns and beams with hollow core planks were left exposed and provide a loft-like quality to the space, allowing large exterior openings for extensive day lighting. Project credits: Dreyfus Blackford Architects, Architect; Clark Design Build of California, Contractor; Buehler & Buehler Structural Engineers, Engineer; and MidState Precast, Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Mid-Rise Office Building: JE Dunn Corporate Headquarters, Kansas City, MO This six-story, LEED Gold corporate office, with an integrated 780-car precast parking deck, features a combination of gray and white panels of varying widths. A custom form liner pattern was created that hides the repetition and seams and creates a strong visual depth to blend with neighboring buildings. Project credits: 360, Inc./BNIM Project, Architect; JE Dunn Construction Company, Contractor; Structural Engineering Associates, Engineer and Precast Specialty Engineer; Enterprise Precast Concrete, Inc., and Coreslab
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Project credits: TransSystems and Fentress Architects, Architects; Hensel Phelps, Contractor; Watry Design, Engineer; and Clark Pacic, Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Parking Structure (1000+ cars), co-winner: Orlando Health Parking Deck C, Orlando, FL This nine-level open parking deck features palm tree murals on precast wall panels to soften the scale of the structure and better blend with the surrounding medical office campus. Precast panels are used to form frames on the structure for the murals. Project credits: Baker Barrios Architects, Architect; Jack Jennings & Sons, Contractor; Finfrock Design, Inc., Engineer; and Finfrock Industries Inc., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Stadium/Arena, co-winner: Indiana University Stadium North End Zone Addition, Bloomington, IN Precast concrete form liners impart a limestone-like texture on this Big Ten university football stadium addition, which connects the stadiums two original sides. The form liners were created by taking impressions from actual blocks of limestone. Project credits: RATIO Architects, Inc., Architect; Moody-Nolan, Inc., Associate Architect; Fink, Roberts & Petrie Inc., Engineer; Pepper Construction Company of Indiana, Contractor; Gate Precast Co., Precaster; and CSD, Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Stadium/Arena, co-winner: Target Field, Minneapolis, MN Natural-face limestone (Quarry Creek cut) and honed limestone panels in various thicknesses were attached to precast concrete. To accomplish this, limestone panels about 4 ft (1.2 m) square and 2 to 4.5 in. (50 to 114 mm) thickwere placed face down in the precast form with 3/4 in. (19 mm) joints. A polyethylene sheet served as a bond breaker. Stainless steel anchors were installed through predrilled holes in the panels and extended 2 to 3 in. (50 to 76 mm) above the stone. The concrete was then placed to create 10 in. (254 mm) thick precast panels. Project credits: Populous, Architect; Mortenson Construction, Contractor; Gage Brothers Concrete Products, Inc. and Hanson Structural Precast, Precasters; and The Consulting Engineers Group, Inc., Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Custom Solution: IBEW Local No. 697 and JATC Apprenticeship Training Center, Merrillville, IN The use of a precast concrete structural frame allowed for quick completion of the building envelope on this training facility, which, in turn, allowed photovoltaic panels to be
Orlando Health Parking Deck C, Orlando, FL
Target Field, Minneapolis, MN

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installed early and power the construction site. Designed as a living laboratory, the facility features glass-enclosed electrical and technology rooms in the main lobby with video displays monitoring building performance. Project credits: Design Organization, Architect; Berglund Construction Company, Contractor; McCluskey Engineering, Engineer and Precast Specialty Engineer; and National Precast, Inc., Precaster. Best Public/Institutional Building, co-winner: City of Miami College of Policing/Miami-Dade School of Law Studies, Homeland Security and Forensic Sciences, Miami, FL A sleek, contemporary design adorns this combination police academy training center and magnet high school for students interested in law studies and forensic science. The main entrance for the police academy is dened by a four-story high wall of light, buff-colored panels with a light sandblast nish and other decorative details. Project credits: AECOM, Architect and Engineer; James B. Pirtle Construction, Contractor; and Gate Precast Co., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Public/Institutional Building, co-winner: The National World War II Museum Phase IV Expansion, New Orleans, LA The structures street faade comprises large precast concrete panels with angular edges and joints. On different faades, the precast panels lean in and out at varying angles. Some precast panels representing the cliffs of Normandy are on the buildings interior. Project credits: Voorsanger Mathes LLC, Architect; Sattereld & Pontikes Construction, Inc., Contractor; Weidlinger Associates, Inc., Engineer; and Gate Precast Co., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Higher Education/University Building, co-winner: Indiana University Innovation Center, Bloomington, IN The use of CarbonCast insulated precast concrete wall panels allow a university business park structure to t the surrounding architectural context, meet an extremely aggressive schedule, and achieve LEED Silver certication. Buff-colored precast walls emulate the Indiana limestone of nearby buildings and counterbalance the structures glass curtain wall and dark brown metal panels. Project credits: BSA Lifestructures, Architect and Engineer; Messer Construction, Contractor; and High Concrete Group LLC, Precaster. Best Higher Education/University Building, co-winner: CEDETEC, Atizapn de Zaragoza, Estado de Mxico, Mxico From a distance, this 12-story tower looks like a
CEDETEC, Atizapn de Zaragoza, Estado de Mxico, Mxico
St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN
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cylindrical circuit board. It features more than 300 curved pieces of white marble aggregate precast panels, ranging from 26 to 97 ft2 (2.4 to 9 m2). The curved precast panel sections have randomly placed embedded windows and could be combined in more than one way, reducing the number of casting beds needed. Project credits: LANDA Arquitectos, Architect; ITESM, Engineer and Contractor; and PRESTECSA, Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Healthcare Facility, co-winner: Methodist Women, Omaha, NE This project highlights how the look of masonry can be replicated or even enhanced with thin-brick precast construction. The use of thin brick panels provides a clean look without through-wall ashing or weep holes. Project credits: HDR, Inc., Architect and Engineer; MCL Construction, Contractor; and Coreslab Structures (OMAHA) Inc., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Healthcare Facility, co-winner: St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN This community hospital combines precast concrete panels designed to simulate native limestone and precast panels with thin-brick veneer for the design effect. The insulated precast panels eliminate thermal bridges at corners and optimize the buildings thermal characteristics. Project credits: HOK, Architect and Engineer; Mortenson/Tonn & Blank, Contractor; and Gate Precast Co., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Multifamily Buildings: The Carlyle, Los Angeles, CA Textured, architectural precast panels on the buildings tower achieve a random stone look to complement Egyptian limestone on
The Carlyle, Los Angeles, CA
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Conjunto Paragon, Santa Fe, DF, Mxico
the lower-level base. The stone-on-precast base features unique joinery with overlapping stones, epoxied cornerstones, and 1 in. (25 mm) of recessed exposed precast backup on the horizontal stone joints. Project credits: KMD, Architect; Swinerton Builders, Contractor; Englekirk Partners, Engineer; Harley Ellis Devereaux, Executive Architect; and Clark Pacic, Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Hotel: Conjunto Paragon, Santa Fe, DF, Mxico This high-rise hotel has a winding, S-shaped design. The complicated geometry, curved panels, intricate medallions, cubic protruding shapes, and balconies called for innovative precast manufacturing. A flexible form-casting system significantly reduced the number of molds needed. Project credits: IDEA Asociados de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Architect; DEZ Construcciones, S.C., Contractor; DYS S.A., Engineer; and PRETECSA, Precaster, PS Architect, and Precast Specialty Engineer. Best Retirement/Assisted Living Center: Rsidence le Saint-Jude, Alma, QC, Canada For this retirement residence, the designers chose total precast concrete construction, including oor slabs, insulated wall panels, and stairs, for its aesthetic possibilities and speed of erection. Precast, prestressed slabs allowed for the creation of large open spaces while maintaining excellent sound insulation between oors. Project credits: EPA Eric Painchaud Architects, Architect; BPDL, Contractor; Gemel Experts Conseils, Engineer; Btons Prfabriqus du Lac, Precaster; and Axys Consultants, Precast Specialty Engineer.
Bridge/Transportation Winners
U.S. 90 Bridge over Biloxi Bay, Biloxi and Ocean Springs, MS
Best Bridge (main span up to 75 feet): Bridge 25025, TH 58 Over NF Zumbro River, Zumbrota, MN The use of 27M prestressed concrete girders allowed the prole of the roadway for this two-span bridge replacement to remain unchanged, saving costs. The new 148 ft (45 m) long bridge was designed to incorporate many of the architectural features of a nearby historic covered bridge. Project credits: Minnowa Construction, Inc., Contractor; Minnesota DOT, Engineer; and Cretex Concrete Products, Precaster.
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Best Bridge (main span 76 to 150 feet), co-winner: U.S. 17 Washington Bypass, Beaufort County, NC This four-lane precast bridge, built over wetlands and a river, had to be nished in 44 months without in-water pile driving. The solution was to develop pile-driving erection gantry cranes to perform all the construction and eliminate the need for an access trestle, all while partially suspended in mid-air. Project credits: Flatiron-United, a Joint Venture, Contractor; Earth Tech, Inc. (now AECOM), Engineer; and Coastal Precast Systems, Precaster. Best Bridge (main span 76 to 150 feet), co-winner: I-80 Over Echo Dam Road, Echo, UT To limit traffic disruptions during this project, accelerated bridge construction techniques were mandated. The use of precast concrete AASHTO Type II girders with a lightweight concrete deck met the requirements for the two-span bridge. Project credits: Ralph L. Wadsworth Construction Company, Contractor; Michael Baker Jr. Inc., Engineer; and ENCON, Precaster.
Best Bridge (main span more than 150 feet), co-winner: U.S. 90 Bridge Over Biloxi Bay, Biloxi and Ocean Springs, MS This $339 million project included dual 1.6 mile (2.5 km) long bridges over Biloxi Bay to replace a bridge destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. The new structure consists of a 250 ft (76 m) navigation span comprised of precast bulb-tee girders that vary in depth from 12 ft (3.6 m) at the piers to 6.5 ft (2 m) at the midspan. Project credits: Massman Construction, Contractor; Parsons Corp., Engineer; and Gulf Coast Pre-Stress, Inc., Precaster. Best Bridge (main span more than 150 feet), co-winner: Cross Street Bridge Project, Middlebury, VT This two-lane, three-span bridge boasts a 240 ft (73 m) center span, the longest simple-span precast, post-tensioned spliced concrete girder bridge in the U.S. The precaster was required to produce a 10,000 psi (69 MPa) self-consolidating concrete mixture to meet the design demands on the large
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Tucker High School, Tucker, GA
Best Rehabilitated Bridge: River Road Bridge Widening over Harrods Creek, Louisville, KY The challenge for this concrete arch bridge rehabilitation was to widen the bridge while maintaining the original arch and historic character. The precast, prestressed concrete box beams used had to have signicant exural strength, shear capacity, and relatively shallow depth to clear the crown of the existing arch rings and minimize the height the roadway prole grade would need to be raised. Project credits: MAC Construction & Excavating, Contractor; ENTRAN, Engineer; Prestress Services Industries, Precaster; and Palmer Engineering, Precast Specialty Engineer.
girders. This project also won the PCI Harry H. Edwards Industry Advancement Award. Project credits: Kubricky Construction Corp., Contractor; Vanasse Hangen Brustin, Inc., Engineer; and J.P. Carrara & Sons, Inc., Precaster. Best Non-Highway Bridge: DCR Access Road Bridge, Randolph, MA The structure of this pedestrian/equestrian bridge consists of a precast channel designa segmental deck with the primary support girders integrated with the parapets. The design allowed an increase in clearance and elimination of two of three existing piers while maintaining existing approach grades. Project credits: Finley Engineering Group, Construction Engineer; R. Zoppo Corp., Contractor; Purcell Associates, Engineer; and Unistress, Precaster. Best Transportation Special Solution: Innovative Precast Retaining Wall System for I-196/Baldwin Street Interchange, Georgetown Township, MI An innovative precast, prestressed concrete retaining wall system minimized the number of different panels required and reduced panel and footing weights, shaving 4 months off the construction schedule for this 4000 ft (1200 m) retaining wall project. Sections of the retaining wall can be easily replaced in the future. Project credits: Davis Construction, Inc., Contractor; Alfred Benesch & Co., Engineer; and Kerkstra Precast, Precaster. 28 DECEMBER 2011 Concrete international
Special Awards Winners
Best All Precast Solution: Tucker High School, Tucker, GA The use of a total precast installation process enabled the construction team to erect portions of the building within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the existing and still occupiedcampus buildings. Once the construction of two total precast concrete classroom buildings to house classrooms, labs, a media center, and the administration was completed, students were moved in. The old classrooms were then torn down. Project credits: Milton Pate Architects, Architect; Turner Construction Company, Contractor; Bennett & Pless, Engineer; and Metromont Corp., Precaster.
Best Sustainable Design: North Central College Residence Hall/Recreation Center, Naperville, IL The first LEED Silver combination college dorm and recreational facility in the U.S. consists of a four-story, 265-bed residence hall wrapped around a 62,000 ft2 (5760 m2) field house. The field house has 50 ft (15 m) tall precast concrete walls and 180 ft (55 m) wide roof trusses that allow for an indoor track, activity courts, and a suspended walking track. Project credits: Thomas A. Buchar & Associates, Architect; Mustang Construction, Contractor; Architectural Consulting Engineers, Engineer; and Dukane Precast, Inc., Precaster and Precast Specialty Engineer.
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PerformanceBased Requirements in Practice

A case study on the concrete specification for Chicagos Trump International Hotel & Tower
by Dane Rankin, David Alexander, and Patrick OBrien
Trump International Hotel & Tower, viewed from the roof of Aqua. The structure features setbacks (at Levels 16, 29, and 51) corresponding to the top elevations of prominent neighboring buildings, including Mies van der Rohes IBM Plaza (left) and the Wrigley Building (right), to establish visual continuity with its surroundings
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ompleted in 2009, the Trump International Hotel & Tower (Trump Tower) is located on the north side of the Chicago River, between Wabash Avenue and Rush Street in Chicago, IL. The buildings concrete structure (Fig. 1) rises to a height of 1161 ft (353.8 m) and its spire tops out at 1388 ft (423.2 m). Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), its the tallest building completed in North America since the completion of SOMs iconic Willis (formerly, Sears) Tower in 1975. Specied by SOM, designed by Prairie Material (Prairie), and placed by McHugh Construction (McHugh), the Trump Towers high-performance concrete mixtures pushed the state of the art and science of concrete materials. At 100 floors, the Trump Tower was the tallest concrete building in the world when topped out in 2008. Estimated to contain about 180,000 yd3 (138,000 m3) of concrete and 25,000 tons (23,000 tonnes) of mild steel reinforcement, the structure was built on cycle times of 5 days/floor on the 40,000 ft2 (3700 m2) floors at the base levels and 3 days/floor on the 15,000 ft2 (1400 m2) floors at the upper levels. The structural system features concrete outriggers that connect the buildings core walls to the perimeter columns of the tower.4 The outriggers are massive, heavily reinforced concrete wall-beams (up to 66 in. [1.7 m] wide and 17.5 ft [5.3 m] deep) that extend from the flanges of the core walls to the exterior columns at three of the towers doubleheight mechanical floors. Constructing the outriggers required that a 16,000 psi (110 MPa) self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixture had to be pumped at least 650 ft (198 m) vertically and 50 ft (15 m) laterally. From the base to the top of the tower, technical challenges had to be met. Placement of the highest floor required that concrete had to travel from a pump through 2000 linear ft (600 m) of slickline to a placing boom on the wall forms. The slickline contained more than 14 yd3 (11 m3) of concrete, and it took 20 minutes for the material to travel from the pump to the discharge point.
Fig. 1: A concrete bucket decorated with the U.S. flag celebrates topping out of the Trump Tower, Chicago. Completed in 2009, the height of the tower (including spire) measured 1388 ft (423.2 m), making it the tallest building constructed in North America since the Willis (formerly, Sears) Tower was completed in 1975 (photo courtesy of McHugh Construction)
shaft piers required 10,000 psi (69 MPa) Drilled concrete; Mat foundation required 10,000 psi SCC;
A variety of concrete mixtures was used, as the:
This is the third in a series of three articles dealing with performance-based (PB) requirements for concrete. The first article provided an introduction to this hot topic within the concrete industry. Titled Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete 101, the article was authored by me and published in the May 2011 issue of CI.1 The second article summarized the content of Report on Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete (ITG-8R-10), which was prepared by ACI Innovation Task Group (ITG) 8.2 Titled Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete, the article was authored by Nicholas J. Carino and was published in the June 2011 issue of CI.3 This concluding article in the series discusses how PB requirements were the logical solution for delivering the Trump International Hotel & Tower in Chicago. Following a brief overview of the project, the Engineer, Contractor, and Concrete Producer provide their unique insights regarding delivering the project using PB criteria.
Mark Chrzanowski, Chair, ACI Committee 329, Performance Criteria for Ready Mixed Concrete
Foreword
31
and core walls required 8000 to 12,000 psi (55 Columns to 83 MPa) concrete; required 12,000 to 16,000 psi (83 to Outriggers 110 MPa) SCC with an elastic modulus of 6500 ksi (45
As indicated in the overview, the towers lateral force- resisting system comprises a core and outrigger system. The central reinforced concrete core includes two C-shaped and four I-shaped walls ranging in thickness from 18 to 48 in. GPa); and (460 to 1220 mm). Deep outrigger elements at the mechaniFloor decks required 5000 psi (35 MPa) concrete. cal levels tie the concrete core to perimeter columns, thus The demands of this project required assembling a engaging the perimeter columns in the building footprint, team of individuals with high levels of skill and knowledge, and increasing the buildings lateral stiffness and resistance with each member willing to approach challenges with to overturning due to wind. In addition to resisting wind, team-focused solutions. The complexity of the project also some outriggers serve as transfer girders at faade setback required that the collective understood how to maintain an levels, including transfer girders at the lowest building acceptable level of risk for the team and project while setback (Level 16) that allow for a column-free space at the defining success as meeting or exceeding the Owners goals. buildings 10 parking levels. The collaboration of the Structural Engineer (SOM), The enormous weight of the reinforced concrete Concrete Contractor (McHugh) and Concrete Supplier tower is supported by drilled shaft piers capped by a 10 ft (3 m) deep mat foundation. SOM specified a number (Prairie) undoubtedly added to the success of the project. of high-performance characteristics that affected the Contractors design of the mat foundation concrete. To Perspectives on Performance-Based allow for ease of placement and finishing, a 10,000 psi Requirements (69 MPa) SCC mixture was used. Because of the large The Engineers view mass of the mat, the specification limited the concrete to In the early design phases, various structural systems and material types were considered for the Trump Tower. a maximum temperature of 80F (27C) at the point of placement, a maximum temperature of 170F (77C) Ultimately, an entirely reinforced concrete structural during hydration, and a maximum temperature system was selected because it was the most cost differential within the mat of 40F (22C). Although effective and provided desirable damping behavior the mat placement occurred on a warm day in late and high stiffness. The reinforced concrete building September 2005, the peak temperature measured within structural system allows for optimal floor-to-floor the insulated mat (about 3 days after placement) was heights using flat-plate gravity framing (9 in. [230 mm] only 155F (69C), and the maximum temperature thick slabs) for the residential and hotel portions of differential was only 28F (16C). the building. The mat foundation placement occurred over one continuous 22-hour period, using conveyors of up to 50 ft (15 m) in length to deliver the concrete from mixing trucks to the mat. Nearly 600 truckloads of concrete were required to deliver the 5000 yd3 (3800 m3) of concrete needed for the matat the time, it was likely the single-largest continuous placement of SCC in history. The concrete specification for the core walls and columns in the lower half of the building required 12,000 psi (83 MPa) strength at 90 days. The concrete specification for the outrigger elements required 16,000 psi (110 MPa) strength to resist the tremendous forces demanded of these critical elements. The Contractor and Concrete Supplier developed SCC Fig. 2: Structural members such as this outrigger beam were heavily reinforced to mixtures to ensure that the concrete provide the strength and stiffness required for the towers lateral force-resisting system. flowed into the highly congested Concrete mixtures had to flow through such congestion regardless if the ambient temperature was 5 or 95F (21 or 35C) (photo courtesy of McHugh Construction) zones of the outrigger elements 32
(Fig. 2). In addition, they developed mixtures with high slag cement, fly ash, and silica fume contents (as well as portland cement) to meet the strength requirements and limit the heat of hydration in these large placements. Because the Trump Tower is a very tall residential building, an important design consideration was limiting the occupants perception to motion during high-wind events. This consideration impacted the specification and design of the concrete mixtures for the project. Member stiffness is a key parameter affecting building accelerations and the resulting perceptions of motion, so the mixture specifications called for minimum modulus of elasticity as well as strength. The innovative specification for the modulus was made possible by a collaborative testing program involving Prairie, the Owners testing agency (STS Consultants), and an independent consultant hired by Prairie (CTLGroup). The testing program was undertaken prior to construction to establish a correlation between modulus values determined using dynamic and static test methods, allowing STS Consultants to use dynamic tests of standard concrete cylinders for acceptance. The successful completion of the Trump Tower can largely be attributed to the selection of reinforced concrete as the primary structural material as well as the specification, design, and placement of high-performance concrete mixtures. The high-strength, high-modulus concrete effectively controls building accelerations without supplemental damping measures or large column sizes within the residential units. The Contractors view In any project, PB requirements vary among the involved stakeholders. To a Concrete Contractor, the primary focus of PB requirements is on the performance of the concrete before it
hardens. Contractors want the concrete to meet all specified requirements, but they are particularly concerned with how the concrete acts in its plastic state and early in the curing processthey think in terms of ability to pump and place the mixture, placement rates, flowability
(within congested members), set times, and finishability. In addition to tolerances on cast elements, other factors of concern include early strength gain (for stripping or stressing) and compressive strength as an acceptance criterion. Contractors spend considerably less
33
time (if any) thinking about concrete temperature, modulus of elasticity, mixture design proportions, cement or fly ash types, sand and aggregate sources, admixture dosages, and other potentially prescriptive requirements. Currently, most concrete specifications are prescriptive in nature. Such specifications typically define the requirements for hardened concrete, but all too often they also provide prescriptive requirements that affect means and methods. They also address mixture design issues without regard to constructibility or acknowledgment of advances in the technologies of concrete placing and forming systems. Overly prescriptive specifications interfere with the Contractors ability to construct projects that are cost effective, of high quality, and built within very tight constraints on schedule. PB requirements for concrete give the Contractor and Concrete Producer the flexibility to find the most costeffective ways of achieving the Owners desired end result. PB concrete specifications can and should allow the Specifier to define parameters affecting code compliance and architectural requirements, but at the same time PB specification should provide the contractor and concrete producer the flexibility to determine the mixture ingredients and proportions needed to actually build the project. In simple terms, the specifications should define the desired end results and let the Concrete Contractor and Producer figure out how to achieve them.
Although the specifications for the Trump Tower were prescriptive in some respects, the ingredients and proportions of the mixtures were left in Prairies hands. Preplanning and development of trial mixtures began nearly 2 years prior to the start of concrete construction. The program included extensive cooperation and flexibility from McHugh, Prairie, and SOM that resulted in mixtures that met the intent of the prescriptive requirements of the specification. When the prescriptive requirements could have resulted in changes to forming systems and construction sequencing that would affect the project budget, the team worked together to modify requirements to meet the project goals. On the Trump Tower, the concrete challenges that McHugh had to overcome (with the help of the other stakeholders) included: Providing 10,000 psi (69 MPa) SCC for a mat foundation (5000 yd3 [3800 m3] placed at a rate of 250 yd3/h [190 m3/h]), complying with strict temperature restrictions while meeting modulus of elasticity requirements (Fig. 3); Pumping normal (non-SCC) mixtures through up to 2000 linear ft (600 m) of slickline, ultimately to be delivered with a minimum slump of 6.5 in. (165 mm) at the placing boom and then successfully placed and finished; Placing floor decks that could support foot traffic (with no imprints) in 3 to 4 hours; Placing concrete for columns and core walls that would achieve 2000 psi (14 MPa) in 12 hours, allowing placement at 6:00 p.m. and stripping of the formwork the next morning; Placing 10,000 yd3 (7650 m3) of 16,000 psi (110 MPa) SCC in heavily congested outriggers (Fig. 4); and Meeting all of the preceding requirements, regardless of ambient weather conditions ranging from 5 to 95F (21 to 35C). The listed requirements were met by Prairie, working on the project on a PB contract that allowed the Producer the flexibility to create and modify mixtures.
Fig. 3: The mat foundation required a continuous 5000 yd3 (3800 m3) placement of 10,000 psi (69 MPa) SCC at a rate of 250 yd3/h (190 m3/h). Strict temperature restrictions were specified for the fresh and hardening concrete and a high modulus of elasticity was specified for the hardened concrete at 90 days. The delivered SCC was able to flow up to 40 ft (12 m) with no vibration (photo courtesy of Jack Gibbons)
The Concrete Producers view For more than 2 decades, the laboratory team at Prairie has specialized in the creation of high-strength mixtures to support the complex demands of high-rise construction. Even before plans for Trump Tower had been finalized, the designers at Prairie had formulated and tested a series of new high-performance mixtures. These results were shared with SOM, and as plans for the Trump Tower proceeded, Prairies findings were immediately applied to the construction of the immense mat, outriggers, core walls, and decks of the new tower. Prairies collaboration with SOM on mixture design was a dynamic process. During the design phase, success
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Fig. 4: High-strength concrete has little value if it cant get into the form. SCC mixtures allowed the concrete to be placed, even in the most congested structural elements (photo courtesy of McHugh Construction)
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depended on SOMs willingness to specify the concretes performance criteria while leaving it to Prairies mixture designers to determine the ingredients. To assure continuous communication between Prairie and SOM, stakeholder meetings were held at least every 3 weeks. There was no request for a detailed mixture design until Prairie submitted the performance results. At that time, SOM would review proportions while maintaining confidentiality to protect the 20 proprietary mixtures developed for the project. During the initial phases of the project, Prairie did a round-robin evaluation of testing labs. Based on these findings, Prairie chose CTLGroup to provide independent verification of its test results and provide SOM with added confidence in the soundness of each mixture design. Meeting SOMs rigorous design specifications was not enough, however, to assure overall success. McHugh had outlined an aggressive construction schedule with detailed
requirements for constructibility. As the building construction progressed and conditions changed, Prairie continued to refine mixtures as needed to meet McHughs emerging requirements. Without a doubt, the schedule and technical requirements set for Trump Tower exceeded those for any previous project. McHugh needed to strike the column forms at a certain time each morning, with 3 to 4 hours setting time, whether work was taking place in December, March, or July. Fortunately, all parties were dedicated to the concept of PB criteria for concrete, leaving the Prairie team free to design and deliver mixtures that were tuned to the projects varied demands. Over the 2-year span of the project, Prairie produced high-strength, high-modulus mixtures with strict consistency between loads. Mixtures met precise temperature controls, both at the time of placement and throughout the initial curing period, regardless of weather conditions. In addition, SCC mixtures were specially
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Chapter 1.3 of Report on Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete (ITG-8R-10),2 identifies factors that will increase the probability of success when delivering a concrete project using PB requirements. Some of these factors are common to the perspectives of the three project stakeholders (Engineer, Contractor, and Concrete Producer) on the Trump Tower, including: The Specifier describes characteristics that define the desired end result for the hardened concrete; The Contractor identifies performance requirements of the fresh concrete; The fresh and hardened properties must be defined in clear, unambiguous, and quantitative language that allows evaluation of the performance of the concrete; Robust testing protocols tailored to meet the critical issues of each stakeholder are needed, from the very onset of the development of the design mixtures, in the field during construction, and during acceptance testing; Stakeholders must come together as a team, within a climate of trust and respect, with the goals of ensuring success in terms of project outcome and limiting risk for individual stakeholders and the project. Open and frequent communication among stakeholders must be at the very foundation of this culture; the earlier the channels of communication are opened, the quicker potential benefits of PB requirements will present themselves; and The construction team must jointly develop concrete mixtures and construction techniques that will lead to a final product that achieves the projects performance requirements. PB specification of concrete is an alternative to current prescriptive requirements. Although not for every project, PB requirements for concrete can be a viable option when it makes sense for the project and when the project stakeholders work as a team to find valuable and innovative solutions to satisfy clients needs. The Trump Tower project is an extreme project in terms of size and complexity. The beauty of PB requirements for concrete is that they can be scaled to down to serve any size and complexity of project. Learn more about PB requirements for concrete by reading the references or by visiting the Web site for ACI Committee 329, Performance Criteria for Ready Mixed Concrete, via www.concrete.org.
Endnote
formulated to achieve spreads of up to 28 in. (710 mm), allowing the concrete to flow laterally as much as 50 ft (15 m) from the point of placement. Constant cooperation among the Engineer, Contractor, and Concrete Producer created a level of teamwork that remains a model of constructibility in practice. References
1. Chrzanowski, M.F., Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete 101, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 5, May 2011, pp. 49-52. 2. ACI Innovation Task Group 8, Report on PerformanceBased Requirements for Concrete (ITG-8R-10), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2010, 46 pp. 3. Carino, N.J., Performance-Based Requirements for Concrete, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 6, June 2011, pp. 47-51. 4. Baker, W. et al., Trump International Hotel and Tower, Concrete International, V. 28, No. 7, July 2006, pp. 28-32. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Dane Rankin is an Associate Director and Project Engineer at SOM and served as Project Structural Engineer on the Trump International Hotel & Tower. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois. He received his MS in civil engineering from Purdue University. ACI member David Alexander is a Senior Vice President at McHugh Construction. He is a member of ACI Committee 329, Performance Criteria for Ready Mixed Concrete.
Mark Chrzanowski
Patrick OBrien is a Technical Writer with more than 20 years of experience in construction, manufacturing, and high-tech industries. Over the past 7 years, he has served as Editorial Consultant for Prairie Material and its afliates in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
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Art of Concrete
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Interlocking Spiral Confinement for Rectangular Columns

An innovative design for strength, ductility, and economy
by Samuel Yen-Liang Yin, Tzu-Liang Wu, Tony C. Liu, Shamim A. Sheikh, and Raymond Wang
ateral reinforcement in columns is used to provide shear strength, concrete connement, and support to longitudinal bars. As a result of connement, concrete columns display signicant improvement in ductility and, in some cases, additional strength. The efficiency of the connement generally depends on the shape and spacing of the connement steel.1-3 Spirals are usually used in circular columns, whereas rectilinear hoops, with or without cross ties, are generally used in rectangular columns. It has been recognized that rectilinear hoops are less effective for concrete connement compared with circular spirals because of the uneven distribution of the lateral conning stress. Furthermore, construction of hoops is more labor intensive, which leads to higher construction costs. Recently, an innovative interlocking multi-spiral connement design for rectangular concrete columns was developed by Yin and others,4 typical examples of which are shown in Fig. 1(g) and (h). This development involved testing and evaluation of a large number of full-scale reinforced concrete columns in axial compression and lateral cyclic loadings. Test results clearly veried that columns with interlocking multi-spiral connement design exhibit higher compressive strength and ductility when compared to columns with conventional rectilinear hoop design.
Experimental Program
Phase I tests In Phase I of the experimental program, full-scale reinforced concrete columns were tested under axial compressive loading. Ten specimens with different steel congurations were designed to study connement in square columns, as shown in Fig. 1. These included typical rectilinear lateral steel hoops arrangements, as well as different types of multi-spirals and combinations of spirals and ties. 38
All the specimens in this phase were 600 mm (24 in.) square and 1200 mm (48 in.) high. The nominal compressive strength of concrete at 28 days was 35 MPa (5000 psi). The tensile strength of both transverse and longitudinal reinforcement was 280 MPa (40,600 psi). Figure 2 shows the test setup for the axial compression tests. A 6000 tonnes (6600 tons) hydraulic ram was used to apply the axial compressive force at a constant strain rate of 25 e/s. Table 1 lists the results of the Phase I tests. The unconned compressive strengths ( f c) of the concrete cylinders for the three groups of specimens were 35.6, 43.0, and 37.6 MPa (5160, 6240, and 5450 psi), respectively. Peak strength f cc is dened as Pc /Ag, where Pc is the load carried by concrete (that is, total load minus load carried by steel) and Ag is the gross area of the concrete section. For all tested columns, f cc was greater than the corresponding unconned concrete compressive strengths, and the ratio of f cc to f c ranged from 1.04 to 1.68. Table 1 also provides strain energy E80, dened as the area below the stress-strain curve up to the strain value corresponding to 0.8f cc . The strain energies of the test specimens with different connement details ranged from 0.05 to 1.21 Nmm/mm3. The energy ratios (E80 /E80(a)) of the tested specimens with respect to the benchmark (Specimen A, with connement Type (a)) ranged from 0.26 to 6.37. The stress-strain responses of concrete columns under axial compressive loading are shown in Fig. 3. The test results show that multi-spiral designs can provide signicant contributions to concrete connement, enhancing strength and ductility of the columns. The columns with four or ve interlocking spirals (Specimens G and H) had better ductility than the other columns, and the column with welded wire grid (Specimen C) had the lowest strength and strain energy capacity.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
Fig. 1: Confinement configuration details of the Phase I tests: (a) conventional; (b) single bar; (c) welded wire grid; (d) three welded hoops; (e) twin hexagonal; (f) twin elliptical; (g) four spiral; (h) five spiral; (i) spiral plus cross ties; and (j) spiral plus four ears. Sixteen No. 8 (area = 506.7 mm2) longitudinal bars with a yield strength of 412 MPa were used for all specimens
Most of the test specimens with spiral connement assemblies exhibited higher compressive strength and energy capacity than the specimens with rectilinear connement. Among them, the multi-spiral designs (Specimens G and H) and a design with a spiral and cross ties (Specimen I) exhibited better connement effectiveness and therefore were selected for further investigations. Phase II tests In Phase II, test specimens were subjected to axial compressive loads only, using the test setup shown in Fig. 2. Table 2 lists the design details of the 18 specimens tested in Phase II. All specimens were 600 mm (24 in.) square in cross section and 1200 mm (48 in.) long. Four connement designs were tested, including the traditional hoop design (Type T), a combination of four spirals (Type 4S), a combination of ve spirals (Type 5S), and a combination of a spiral and cross ties (Type ST). In Phase II, f c was 34.4 MPa (5000 psi) in all columns except T2, 4S2, 5S2, and ST2, in which f c was 68.7 MPa (10,000 psi). Connement steel fyt was 274.7 MPa (39,800 psi) in the columns made with
Table 1:
Details of specimens in Phase I

Confinement (refer to Fig. 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
Strength
Strain Energy
Specimen
A B C D E F G H I J
f c, MPa
35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 43.0 43.0 43.0 37.6 37.6 37.6
f cc , MPa
54.2 42.1 37.0 41.4 64.9 53.5 59.2 57.7 63.2 50.6
f cc / f c
1.52 1.18 1.04 1.17 1.51 1.25 1.38 1.53 1.68 1.35
E80, Nmm/mm3
0.19 0.14 0.05 0.11 0.66 0.40 1.04 1.21 0.80 0.55
E80/ E80(a)
1.00 0.74 0.26 0.58 3.47 2.10 5.47 6.37 4.21 2.89
f cc
0.8 f cc
1 MPa = 145 psi

39
Concrete stress, MPa
34.4 MPa (5000 psi) concrete and 412 MPa (59,700 psi) in the columns made with 68.7 MPa (10,000 psi) concrete. Sixteen No. 8 (area = 506.7 mm2 [0.8 in.2]) longitudinal bars with a yield strength of 412 MPa (59,700 psi) were used for all specimens. The connement reinforcing bar sizes varied from No. 3 (area = 71.3 mm2 [0.1 in.2]) to No. 5 (area = 198.6 mm2 [0.3 in.2]). The spacing (pitch) of the connement reinforcement ranged from 45 to 100 mm (1.7 to 3.9 in.). Figure 4 shows the typical failure modes of the specimens with multi-spiral design and traditional hoop design. For specimens with multi-spiral connement design, the fracture of the spiral reinforcement, followed by buckling of the longitudinal bars, can be seen in Fig. 4(a). The fracture of the spiral connement was caused by the large lateral dilation of the concrete and the bearing of the buckled reinforcement against the spirals. For traditional hoop design, lateral dilation of concrete resulted in the failure of cross ties at the 90-degree bends of the hoops (refer to Fig. 4(b)). This is similar to the failure reported by earlier investigators.5 Figure 5(a) shows the monotonic compression stress-strain relationships for specimens with traditional hoop design. Figures 5(b) to (d) show the stress-strain relationships for the other three connement designs. A comparison of the behavior of different columns in these gures shows that the conned concrete response can be improved with closer spiral pitches and higher volumetric ratios of connement steel. It can also be seen that a more brittle response of
Strong frame
higher-strength concrete can be compensated by higherstrength lateral steel. Finally, the results demonstrate that the multi-spiral connement designs perform much better than the traditional lateral reinforcement detail consisting of hoops and cross ties. Phase III tests Figure 6 shows the test setup for the Phase III tests, in which specimens were subjected to combined axial load and lateral cyclic excursions. The connement designs used for the three column specimens were a traditional hoop
80 Concrete stress, MPa 60 40 20 0 (a) 80
(f) (c) (d) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a)
0.01
0.02 Strain
0.03
0.04
(a) (e) (f)
60 40 20
(a)
6000 tonnes hydraulic ram
(e)
0 (b)
0.01
0.02 Strain
0.03
0.04
Loading plate
80 60 40 20 0 (c) 0 0.01
(j) (a) (a) (g) (h) (i) (j)
600x600 mm Test specimen 1200 mm
(g)
(h) (i)
Bearing plate * 20 mm LVDT mounted on 600 mm long adjustable link
0.02 Strain
0.03
0.04
Fig. 2: Experimental setup for axial compression tests conducted in Phases I and II (1 mm = 0.04 in.; 1 tonne = 1.102 tons)
Fig. 3: Stress-strain response of concrete columns in the Phase I test program, using different confinement arrangements (1 MPa = 145 psi)
40
Table 2:
Details of specimens tested in Phase II

Concrete Confinement reinforcement
Specimen
T1
f c , MPa
34.4
Pitch, mm
85
Bar size no.

4
f yt , MPa
274.7
*, %
2.20
*(req ) , %
2.26
Shape
T2 4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4 4S5 5S1 5S2
68.7 34.4 68.7 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4 68.7
65 75 50 50 65 100 50 75 70
4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 60 0 95 5 75 5 45 5 55 5 80 0 4 3 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 3
412.0 274.7 412.0 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 412.0 274.7
2.90 2.05 3.07 4.74 3.65 1.54 2.64 1.76
3.01 1.63 2.17 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.64 2.19 Four 360 mm diameter spirals
5S3
34.4 70 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 412.0 412.0 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7 274.7
2.24
1.64 One 420 mm diameter spiral plus four 210 mm diameter spirals
5S4 5S5 ST1
34.4 34.4 34.4
60 50 Spiral Ties Spiral Ties Spiral Ties Spiral Ties Spiral Ties Spiral Ties
2.20 1.26 1.55
1.64 1.64
ST2
68.7
2.09
ST3
34.4
2.06
ST4
34.4
2.75
ST5
34.4
2.25
One 520 mm diameter spiral plus cross ties
ST6
34.4
1.55
* is volumetric ratio of connement reinforcement to gross area of concrete section of specimen * (req) is minimum volumetric ratio of connement reinforcement as required by ACI 318-08, Sections 10.9.3 and 21.6.4.4 1 MPa = 145 psi; 1 mm = 0.04 in.
41
(a)
(b)
Fig. 4: Typical failure modes of compression test specimens: (a) multi-spiral design; and (b) traditional hoop design
design as the benchmark (Type CT) and two multi-spiral designs denoted as Types S4 and S5. All specimens were 600 mm (24 in.) square and 2.5 m (8.2 ft) long. A constant axial force of 126 tonnes (139 tons) (about 0.1f c Ag) was applied at the top of the specimens using a hydraulic ram. Table 3 lists the design details of the Phase III specimens. The connement layout for Specimen CT was the same as that of Specimen T1 (refer to Table 2). Specimens C4S and C5S had multi-spiral connement designs and were similar to Specimens 4S1 and 5S4. Figure 7 shows the lateral force versus displacement hysteresis loops of the three specimens tested under lateral cyclic loading while subjected to constant axial load.
60 40 20 0 0 0.01 Strain 0.02
T1 T2
80
80 60 40 20 0 (b) 0
4S1 4S2 4S3 4S4 4S5
(a)
0.03
0.01 Strain
0.02
0.03
80 60 40 20 0 0
5S1 5S2 5S3 5S4 5S5
80 60 40 20 0 (d) 0
ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 ST6
(c)
0.01 Strain
0.02
0.03
0.01 Strain
0.02
0.03
Fig. 5: Effect of amount of lateral reinforcement and spacing on concrete response evaluated in Phase II tests: (a) traditional hoop design (Type T); (b) combination of four spirals (Type 4S); (c) combination of five spirals (Type 5S); and (d) combination of spiral and cross ties (Type ST) (1 MPa = 145 psi)
Table 3:
Details of specimens tested in Phase III f c,

Specimen
CT C4S C5S
MPa
34.4 34.4 34.4
Longitudinal reinforcement parameters fy = 412 MPa

16 No. 8 bars
Confinement reinforcement Design

CT 4S 5S
Size, mm
13 13 13
f yt , MPa
274.7 274.7 274.7
Pitch, mm
85 75 60
s , %
2.20 2.05 2.20
1 MPa = 145 psi; 1 mm = 0.04 in.
42
Specimen C5S exhibited the highest strength and ductility among the three columns. The response of Specimen C4S was close to that of Specimen C5S, whereas Specimen CT exhibited the lowest strength and ductility. Although Specimens CT and C5S have the same volumetric reinforcing ratio (2.2%), the higher strength and ductility of Specimen C5S is due primarily to the multispiral conguration. The reduced spiral pitch has only a minor effect on column behavior.
Based on the experimental and (1 mm = 0.04 in; 1 tonne = 1.102 tons) analytical research, as well as practical design and construction experience, the proposed design approach for multi-spiral shear reinforcement for columns is consistent with ACI 318-086 code requirements for axial strength and volumetric spiral reinforcement requirements. The volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio (s) required for a multi-spiral design should be determined according to Eq. (10-5) and (21-3) of ACI 318-08.
s
Ag Ach f c f yt f c f yt
Proposed Design Approach
Fig. 6: Experimental setup of the lateral cyclic loading tests for Phase III studies
(ACI 318-08 Eq. (10-5))
s 0.12
(ACI 318-08 Eq. (21-3))
Fig. 7: Force-displacement relations for Phase III test Specimens CT, C4S, and C5S (1 kN = 0.22 kip; 1 mm = 0.04 in.)
Fig. 8: An interlocking spiral assembly is lowered over the longitudinal bars in a cast-in-place building column. After the column and the next floor level are completed, the longitudinal bars will be extended using mechanical splices and another spiral assembly will be installed
43
Table 4:
Cost evaluation of multi-spiral design

Unit price, NT$/kg Confinement type
Conventional hoops Multi-spiral
Total cost of confinement reinforcement NT$ 106

12.9 7.6
f yt , MPa
420 420
Weight, tonnes
717 407
Material
14.60 14.60
Bending
0.00 1.76
Assembly of cage
3.36 2.24
%
100 59
1 MPa = 145 psi; 1 mm = 0.04 in.; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tonne = 1.102 tons NT$ is New Taiwan Dollar
For columns with interlocking multi-spirals, the volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio provided for each spiral should be calculated independently. The volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio provided by each spiral should not be less than the s required by Eq. (10-5). For the calculation of the required s, the area Ach in Eq. (10-5) is measured to the outside edges of the spirals as dened in Section 2.1 of ACI 318-08 and Ag is the gross area of the concrete section.
Economic Advantages
The cost advantage of the interlocking multi-spiral connement is signicant. First, the improvement of connement efficiency can greatly reduce the total amount of lateral steel. More importantly, the multi-spiral detail can be produced automatically in prefabrication plants. The labor and time required for installation will be reduced, resulting in lowered costs and shortened total construction time. The multi-spiral design has been successfully used for many construction projects, such as office and factory buildings,
shopping malls, high-rise residential buildings, stadiums, and bridge piers in Taiwan. A typical installation sequence is illustrated in Fig. 8. Table 4 provides a cost evaluation of multi-spiral connement design for an 11-story apartment project in Taiwan, showing that the cost of the total connement steel is reduced by 41% when the multi-spiral connement is used in place of conventional hoops. The economic advantages of interlocking multi-spiral connement should be even more pronounced in North America and other locations with higher unit labor costs.
Concluding Remarks
The innovative interlocking multi-spiral connement design offers an attractive and superior alternative to traditional hoop connement design for rectangular concrete columns. Laboratory tests and eld experience have clearly shown that multi-spiral connement design can provide effective connement with increased strength
THE EDGE NEEDED tO SUCCEED

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44
and ductility and reduced cost. Furthermore, the multi-spiral connement design is also the most efficient layout in terms of automatic assembly. The reinforcement cages can be built quickly and economically and are very cost-effective for precast construction. The lower consumption of steel required for multi-spiral connement also offers an ecological advantage. Acknowledgments
This article was prepared on behalf of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns, and Joint ACI-ASCE Subcommittee 441-E, Columns with Multi-Spiral Reinforcement. Input from the committee members is gratefully acknowledged. The research studies reported herein were funded by Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. of Taiwan.
Tzu-Liang Wu is a Vice President for R&D with Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd in Taiwan. He is a PhD candidate in civil engineering at National Taiwan University. He specializes in structural and precast building design, including the development of the interlocking spiral design for concrete compression members. He is a member of the Taiwan Concrete Institute, Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, and Chinese Society of Structural Engineering. ACI Honorary Member Tony C. Liu is a Visiting Professor and Director of the Sustainable Infrastructure Research Center at National Taiwan University. He is a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns, and Joint ACI-ASCE Subcommittee 441-E, Columns with Multi-Spiral Reinforcement. His research interests include structural applications of ber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, development of phase-change materials for building applications, and sustainable concrete technology. Shamim A. Sheikh, FACI, is a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. He is a former Chair and member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 441, Reinforced Concrete Columns, and a member of ACI Committee 374, PerformanceBased Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings. He is currently Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Subcommittee 441-E, Columns with Multi-Spiral Reinforcement. His research interests include earthquake resistance of concrete structures, connement of concrete, use of FRP in concrete structures, and expansive cement and its applications. ACI member Raymond Wang is a Senior R&D Manager at Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. He received his PhD in civil engineering from National Taiwan University. He specializes in prefabrication construction technologies, including bridge pier and building systems. He is a member of the Taiwan Concrete Institute, several engineering societies in Taiwan, and the Concrete Structure Committee of the Chinese Society of Structural Engineering.
References
1. Sheikh, S.A., and Uzumeri, S.M., Strength and Ductility of Tied Concrete Columns, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 106, No. 5, May 1980, pp. 1079-1102. 2. Sheikh, S.A., and Uzumeri, S.M., Analytical Model for Concrete Connement in Tied Columns, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 108, No. 12, Dec. 1982, pp. 2703-2722. 3. Mander, J.B.; Priestley, M.J.N.; and Park, R., Theoretical StressStrain Model for Conned Concrete, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 114, No. 8, Aug. 1988, pp. 1804-1826. 4. Yin, S.Y.L.; Wang, J.C.; and Wang, P.H.; Development of MultiSpiral Connements in Rectangular Columns, Paper accepted for publication in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2010. 5. Sheikh, S.A., and Yeh, C.C., Tied Concrete Columns under Axial Load and Flexure, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 116, No. 10, Oct. 1990, pp. 2780-2800. 6. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2008, 473 pp. Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.
ACI member Samuel Yen-Liang Yin is the CEO and Chief R&D Ofcer of Ruentex Group in Taiwan. He is the Past President of the Taiwan Concrete Institute and an Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering at National Taiwan University. He specializes in the integration of construction systems, precise planning of prefabrication construction methods, fast precast construction technology, and reinforcement bar automation. He holds more than 300 patents and was elected as a member of the Russian Academy of Engineering. He was awarded the Henry L. Michel Award for Industry Advancement of Research by ASCE in 2010.
45
Strength Compliance Evaluation with More than Three Core Specimens

by F. Michael Bartlett and John S. Lawler ore testing to assess strength compliance of in-place concrete with low standard cylinder strength test results is dened in Chapter 5 of ACI 318-11.1 Section 5.6.5.2 species the required number of core test specimens: If the likelihood of low-strength concrete is conrmed and calculations indicate that load-carrying capacity is signicantly reduced, tests of cores drilled from the area in question in accordance with ASTM C42 shall be permitted. In such cases, three cores shall be taken for each strength test that falls below the values given in 5.6.3.3(b). Section 5.6.5.4 provides acceptance criteria by evaluation of the core test results: Concrete in an area represented by core tests shall be considered structurally adequate if the average of three cores is equal to at least 85 percent of fc and if no single core is less than 75 percent of fc. Additional testing of cores extracted from locations represented by erratic core strength results shall be permitted. The commentary to Section 5.6.5 states, in part: Core tests having an average of 85 percent of the specied strength are realistic. To expect core tests to be equal to fc is not realistic, since differences in the size of specimens, conditions of obtaining samples, and procedures for curing, do not permit equal values to be obtained. These criteria are essentially the same as those specied in ACI 318-71 and have a 40-year history of satisfactory performance. While the 1947, 1951, 1956, and 1963 editions of ACI 318 also permitted core testing, they didnt specify the number of cores to be obtained or the acceptance criteria to be applied when evaluating the resulting core strengths. During an investigation of low-strength concrete, it is not uncommon for more than three cores to be obtained 46
from the area in question. When the number of core test strengths exceeds three, however, there are no formal acceptance criteria for suspect concrete. The larger sample size has little consequence for acceptance based on the mean-strength criterion because the average of more than three specimens is expected to provide a better estimate of the true population mean (that is, have a smaller standard deviation) than the average of exactly three specimens. The larger sample size will impact the minimum-strength criterion, however, as the least value of more than three specimens from a given population is expected to be less than the least value of three specimens from the same population. In other words, if more than three core test results are available (rather than exactly three), it is slightly conservative to deem the concrete acceptable if the average core strength equals or exceeds 0.85fc, but it is rather more conservative to also require that no single core strength is less than 0.75fc. To address this unnecessarily conservative criterion, this article provides acceptance criteria for samples comprising more than three core tests; these criteria provide equivalent probabilities to the single-core strength criterion from ACI 318-11, Section 5.6.5.4. It is reasonable to assume that core strengths are independent, identically distributed normal random variables. Figure 1 shows the associated probability density function for a population of core strengths fc with mean and standard deviation . Strength values are normalized to fc. The area beneath the curve to the left of 0.75fc, labeled P1, represents the probability that a single core strength fc will be less than 0.75fc. The probability that a single fc exceeds 0.75fc is therefore (1 P1). If the strengths are independent, the probability that n core strengths exceed 0.75fc is (1 P1)n. Table 1 shows the probability that a sample of three
Statistical Approach
Table 1:
Probability that no single core in a sample of three is less than 0.75fc

Probability of passing for /fc =
V 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Fig. 1: Normal probability density function of core strengths fc. 0.85 0.972 0.682 0.481 0.376 0.316 0.90 0.999 0.863 0.651 0.508 0.418 0.95 1.000 0.948 0.778 0.622 0.512 1.00 1.000 0.981 0.863 0.715 0.596 1.05 1.000 0.994 0.917 0.787 0.666
Core strength values are normalized to
fc
1 (1 P1)3 = 1 (1 P2)n Rearranging P2 = 1 (1 P1)3/n
(1)
cores will pass the no single core is less than 75 percent of fc criterion for various normalized mean strength values /fc and coefcients of variation V, where V = /. In all cases presented, the rst criterion, that must be at least 0.85fc, is satised. As increases or V reduces, the probability that the sample will pass increases but uncertainty about whether the criterion will be met is always present. For example, there is a 5.2% chance that at least one of three specimens from a reasonably goodquality population (sampled from a consistent concrete with a mean strength above 0.85fc) with /fc = 0.95 and V = 0.10 will fail the minimum-strength criterion. Similarly, there is a 31.6% chance that no specimens will be less than 0.75fc if the population quality is rather dubious (sampled from highly variable concrete with barely adequate average strength), with /fc = 0.85 and V = 0.25. These examples suggest two approaches for determining minimum core strength acceptance criteria equivalent to that outlined in ACI 318-11, Section 5.6.5.4, when there are more than three core test strengths in the sample size: Determine a suitable minimum strength, kfc, where k is a number less than one, such that the probability of the least of three core strengths being less than 0.75fc is the same as the probability of the least of n core strengths being less than kfc; and Determine how many cores might be expected to have strengths less than 0.75fc if more than three cores are tested.
(1a)
For example, P2 for a sample of 12 cores with = 0.85fc, = 0.087fc, and P1 = 0.125 is P2 = 1 (1 0.125)3/12 = 0.0328 If the core strengths are normally distributed, this value of P2 is 1.84 below , so k fc = 1.84 = 0.85fc 1.84(0.087fc) = 0.69fc (2) (1b)
Approach 1 As previously stated, P1 represents the probability that a single core strength fc will be less than 0.75fc. To determine a suitable probability P2 corresponding to some new limit kfc, the probability that the least value in the sample of three cores being less than 0.75fc, as shown in Table 1, is set equal to the probability that the least value in the sample of n cores is less than kfc
In this case, the suspect concrete would be deemed to have satised performance requirements equivalent to the existing minimum-strength compliance criterion if no single core in the sample of 12 specimens has a strength less than 0.69fc. The variation of k as functions of n and V is shown in Fig. 2. The k value is quite insensitive to the mean core strength: the curves shown correspond to the average k values for normalized mean strengths /fc between 0.85 and 1.05. It may seem counterintuitive that the acceptable minimum core strength decreases as the coefcients of variation of the core strengths increase, but this is necessary to have the same probability of acceptance for the larger sample size. The probability that tests of populations with large coefcients of variation will pass the acceptance criteria is relatively small: for example, Table 1 shows that the probability that the minimum strength of three samples drawn from a population with = 0.9fc and V = 0.25 will exceed 0.75fc is only 41.8%. This approach is sound, but may not work smoothly in practice because there is typically considerable scatter in the core test results. In particular, a single low value is more likely if the sample size is larger than three specimens. The assumption of normality is required twice: rst to
47
Table 2:
Minimum sample sizes for acceptance with one or two strength values below 0.75fc
/fc 0.85 0.90 0.95 Fig. 2: Variation of k, where kfc is the minimum strength, as functions of n and V (Approach 1) 1.00
Single value < 0.75fc for V =

0.10 10 14 0.15 8 9 12 14 0.20 7 8 9 10
Two values < 0.75fc for V =

0.10 17 27 0.15 13 16 21 27 0.20 11 13 15 18
0.25 7 8 8 9
0.25 11 12 13 15
determine P1 and again to transform P2 to the corresponding acceptance limit kfc. Approach 2 To determine how many core test results might be expected to fall below 0.75fc if more than three cores are tested, the probability of m strengths less than 0.75fc for n cores is set equal to the probability of observing zero strengths less than 0.75fc for three cores, as shown in Table 1. We deem the performance requirements equivalent to the existing minimum-strength acceptance criterion to be met if m or fewer core strengths in the sample of n cores are less than 0.75fc. This is an application of the binomial distribution2: if the probability of any single core strength being less than 0.75fc is P1, then the probability of y results being less than 0.75fc in n trials is
pY (y ) = n! (n y ) P1 y (1 P 1) y !( n y)!
having no values less than 0.75fc for a set of 12 cores sampled from this population. It is therefore appropriate to relax the acceptance criterion for the set of 12 core results. The probability of exactly one strength value in the set of 12 being less than 0.75fc is
pY (1) = 12 ! 0.125 (1 0.125) 1! (12 1) ! = 0.345
(3c)
(3)
where n! = 1 2 3 n and 0! = 1. For the case described previously (where = 0.85fc and = 0.087fc), the probability of zero strengths being less than 0.75fc in three trials (P1 = 0.125, n = 3, y = 0) is
pY (0) = 3! 0. 125 (1 0 125 0 ! (3 0)!
(3a)
The probability of zero strengths being less than 0.75fc in 12 trials (P1 = 0.125, n = 12, y = 0) is
pY (0) = 12 ! 0 . 125 (1 0 125 0 ! (1 2 0)! 0 .201
(3b)
So, the probability of having no values less than 0.75fc for a set of three cores sampled from this population is more than three times greater than the probability of 48
So, the probability of zero or one strength in the sample of 12 being less than 0.75fc is 0.201 + 0.345 = 0.546, which is still less than the probability of having no strengths less than 0.75fc in a set of three cores sampled from this population. Thus, the suspect concrete can be deemed adequate if zero or one strength in the set of 12 cores is less than 0.75fc. The probability that exactly two strengths in the set of 12 are less than 0.75fc, again computed using Eq. (3), is 0.271, so the probability of two or fewer strengths in the sample of 12 being less than 0.75fc is 0.546 + 0.271 = 0.817, which is greater than the probability of having no strengths less than 0.75fc in a set of three cores. Thus, the suspect concrete should be declared to have failed this acceptance test if two or more strengths in the set of 12 cores are less than 0.75fc. Table 2 gives the minimum number of samples necessary to deem suspect concrete has met this equivalent acceptance criterion if one or two test results are less than 0.75fc for varying mean strengths and coefcients of variation of the core strength population. For example, if /fc = 0.90 and V = 0.15, a sample size of at least nine is necessary to deem the acceptance criterion has been met if one strength is less than 0.75fc. For the same mean and variance, a sample size of at least 16 is necessary to deem the acceptance criterion has been met if two strengths fall below 0.75fc. The minimum sample sizes reduce as V increases or /fc reduces: this reects the increasing probability that the minimum-strength acceptance criteria will not be met, as shown in Table 1. Practically, a sample size in the order of 10 will be necessary to deem the acceptance criterion to be satised if a single low value is
less than 0.75fca sample of ve or six cores will not be sufcient, irrespective of /fc or V. Approach 2 requires the assumption of normality to be used once to determine P1. However, it is somewhat imprecise: in the aforementioned example, one could accept roughly 1.45 test results in the set of 12 falling below 0.75fc, so if a large number of 12 core sets were evaluated, the nonacceptance rate would be somewhat higher than it should be. Approach 2 is also computationally more cumbersome, although it is readily developed using a spreadsheet that contains the cumulative binomial probability function. It would therefore seem prudent to apply Approach 1 and consider Approach 2 only if there seems to be a single low value in the data set that causes the strength compliance check to fail using Approach 1.
the probability of zero strengths being less than 0.75fc in three trials is 3! pY (0) = 0 .1 7 (1 0 1 (3d) 0 ! (3 0)! Similar applications of Eq. (3) for n = 10 yield the probabilities of exactly zero, one, and two results being less than 0.75fc to be 0.154, 0.317, and 0.293, respectively. Thus, the probability of zero or one result being less than 0.75fc is (0.154 + 0.317) = 0.471, and the probability of zero, one, or two results being less than 0.75fc is (0.154 + 0.317 + 0.293) = 0.764. The probability that zero or one results in 10 being less than 0.75fc is less than the probability of zero results in three being less than 0.75fc, so these criteria are roughly equivalent. As only one of the 10 results is less than 0.75fc, the in-place concrete represented by these core strengths should be accepted based on the equivalent minimum strength criterion.
Consider the following sample of 10 core strengths as originally proposed by Hanson3: 4370, 4290, 4120, 3810, 2530, 4600, 3960, 3740, 3680, and 4050 psi (30.1, 29.6, References 28.4, 26.3, 17.4, 31.7, 27.3, 25.8, 25.4, and 27.9 MPa). 1. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Do these satisfy the strength acceptance criterion for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, American concrete with a specied strength of 4500 psi (31 MPa)? Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp. For these 10 specimens, is 3915 psi (27.0 MPa) and 2. Larsen, R.J., and Marx, M.L., An Introduction to Mathematical is 567 psi (3.9 MPa). The mean is just greater than 85% Statistics and its Applications, fourth edition, 2005, Prentice Hall, of fc (0.85 4500 = 3825 psi [26.4 MPa]). However, the Upper Saddle River, NJ, 928 pp. minimum strength of 2530 psi (17.4 MPa) is quite markedly 3. Hanson, J.M., Survey of Practice to Determine Strength of In less than the acceptable minimum of 75% of fc for a set Situ Concrete from Core Tests, Journal of the Performance of of three cores (0.75 4500 = 3375 psi [23.3 MPa]). Constructed Facilities, ASCE, V. 21, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2007, pp. 22-25. Using Approach 1, the probability of any strength measurement being less than 3375 psi (23.3 MPa) from Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies. a population with of 3915 psi (27.0 MPa) and of 567 psi (3.9 MPa), assuming the strengths are normally distributed, is F. Michael Bartlett, FACI, is Professor of civil and environmental engineering, 3375 3915 P1 = = ( 0 .952 ) = 0 .1 7 (4) University of Western Ontario, London, 567 ON, Canada. He is a member of ACI where (.) is the normal cumulative distribution function. The probability P2, corresponding to some new limit kfc, that the least value in the sample of 10 cores is less than kfc, is therefore P2 = 1 (1 P1)3/10 = 0.054 (1c)
Committees 214, Evaluation of Results of Tests Used to Determine the Strength of Concrete, and 562, Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Concrete Buildings; and a lead author of Guide for Obtaining Cores and Interpreting Compressive Strength Results (ACI 214.4R-10). ACI member John S. Lawler is a Senior Associate at Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. in Northbrook, IL. He is a licensed professional engineer in Illinois and several other states. His interests include concrete material performance and durability. He received his PhD from Northwestern University.
Example
If the strengths are normally distributed, the new limit kfc is kfc = 3915 + 5671(0.054) = 3915 + 567 (1.60) = 3006 psi (20.7 MPa) (5) The minimum strength of 2530 psi (17.4 MPa) does not exceed this value, so the equivalent minimum-strength criterion devised using Approach 1 is not met. However, only a single low value is present, so application of Approach 2 may yield a different conclusion. For P1 = 0.17,
49
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50
Detailing Corner
Dimensions of Sloped Walls and a Clarification to Mechanical Splice Staggering (RFI 11-10)
n this months Detailing Corner, we examine dimensions of sloped walls and how they can affect the reinforcing bar details. In addition, we provide a clarication to the August 2011 Concrete International article, Detailing Concrete Columns, in response to an RFI from members of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408, Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. We thank those who contacted us and encourage all readers to participate in this forum.
bottom of the wall is increasingly shorter from the left to the right. From this point of view, this wall is not uniform in height along its entire length. This may or may not be a concern, depending on the walls intended purpose and/or aesthetic requirements.
Sloped Wall Dimensions
Know your height Dimensioning wall heights on a slope can be confusing, depending on the height desired for the wall. Figure 1 shows a 10 ft 0 in. (3.05 m) high wall that follows the existing grade with an approximately constant slope. Its customary to dimension the height of a wall along a vertical (plumb) line. This gives a wall a uniform height along its entire length, provided the wall slope is uniform. In Fig. 1, the A dimension will be less than the 10 ft dimensioned height along a plumb line, but this dimension nevertheless remains uniform along the walls entire length. Figure 2 illustrates a somewhat exaggerated condition where the grade starts at a gradual slope on the left and becomes steeper on the right. In this case, the slope of the wall is not uniform along the entire length. Dimensioning the height of the wall as 10 ft 0 in. (3.05 m) along the vertical gives a wall of uniform height along its entire length, but the dimension of the wall along a line perpendicular to the
DETAILING CORNER
Joint ACI-CRSI Committee 315-B, Details of Concrete ReinforcementConstructibility, has developed forums dealing with constructibility issues for reinforced concrete. To assist the Committee with disseminating this information, staff at the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) are presenting these topics in a regular series of articles. If you have a detailing question you would like to see covered in a future article, please send an e-mail to Neal Anderson, CRSIs Vice President of Engineering, at nanderson@crsi.org with the subject line Detailing Corner.
51
Detailing Corner
holds for the portions of the wall at the upper and lower landings. But at the sloped section at the stairway, what is the intended height of the parapet? More appropriately, what is the architect or the designer (you) expecting? One possible solution could be as shown in Fig. 3(a). From an architectural point of view, this condition is not visually appealing, and a shorter wall height within the stair run may result in a wall height that doesnt meet the code requirements for railing heightsomething to watch. Figure 3(b) presents a more visually appealing solution because the concrete band appears to be a constant dimension. However, it does present a slight issue. The height from the slab and stair to the top of the parapet must be constant, yet the vertical dimension at the stair is greater than at the upper or lower slab levels. Architects typically solve this dilemma by locating the parapet soffit below the slab and stair soffits to compensate for the discrepancy in dimensions. By constructing the wall in this manner, the rail height above the stair and landings can be consistent and the wall will appear to have a constant height. Design considerations The designer must be aware that the method of dimensioning has critical ramifications, especially when considering sloped concrete elements exposed to view. The designer must determine which dimension is critical in each particular instance and be sure it is presented clearly and unambiguously. RFI 11-10: In the August 2011 Concrete International Detailing Corner article, Detailing Concrete Columns, the following statement is made: ACI 318-08 requires mechanical splices be staggered, which results in both short and long vertical bars in the column run. Unfortunately, this maintains the old mythology of staggering being required at all times, which is not necessarily the case. Because staggering is difficult to detail and a costly option to produce, this issue needs clarification. ACI 318-081 requires staggering only when the mechanical splice strength is less than Type 1 (namely, less than 125% of the specified yield strength, fy, of the reinforcement), or when full mechanical splices are used in tension tie members. In todays domestic (U.S.) market, there are no mechanical splices promoted with design strengths less than Type 1. Thus, the general case is that staggering is not required. In fact, Commentary Section R12.15.5 of ACI 318-08 states, in part: A full mechanical or welded splice conforming to 12.14.3.2 or 12.14.3.4 can be used without the stagger requirement instead of the lower strength mechanical splice. Response: You are correct in that the ACI 318-081 (and now ACI 318-112) building code requires staggering of
Fig. 1: Wall with a uniform slope
Fig. 2: Wall with a nonuniform slope. Dimension of wall perpendicular to the bottom becomes increasingly smaller as the slope of the grade increases
As to where this may be an issue, consider this wall as one of the sides of a lined, three-sided water channel or a covered water flume. The cross-sectional area of the channel or flume must be constant to provide the necessary drainage capacity, so dimensioning the actual height vertically along a plumb line would be incorrect. The dimension perpendicular to the bottom of the wall is the critical height dimension to maintain the waterway opening, and thus would have to be constant. In such an instance, the vertical plumb dimension would vary, increasing as the slope becomes steeper. Assuming that the wall can be detailed with a varying vertical (plumb) dimension as shown in Fig. 2, the spacing between horizontal wall bars will have to decrease for all of the bars to fit in the wall, moving left to right. Note that the term horizontal is used rather loosely here, as it actually refers to the reinforcing bars parallel to the bottom of the wall on the slope. In other words, the bar spacing will narrow so all the bars can fit as the wall gets shorter at the right end, so congestion of the bars may become an issue and minimum bar spacing may need to be verified. Alternately, as the wall gets shorter at the right end, some of the horizontal runs of bars may be discontinued to maintain a more uniform or consistent spacing of the bars in the wall. Stairs The issue illustrated in Fig. 2 arises frequently in dimensioning parapets along stairways with landings. For instance, in Fig. 3, the parapet will usually carry a single dimension; in this case, the 4 ft 0 in. (1.22 m) along the vertical is normally dimensioned on the left only. Its obvious that this dimension 52
Detailing Corner
(a) (b) Fig. 3: Concrete parapet wall along a stair and landings: (a) if the vertical height of the parapet remains constant, the proportions are not correct, and the rail height may violate code requirements; and (b) if the vertical height is maintained from the landings to the sloped portion at the stair, the proportions are more balanced
mechanical splices only when they do not meet Type 1 requirements or when used in tension tie members. However, there are several other points to consider regarding the issue of staggering, whether it concerns mechanical splices, lap splices, or hooked reinforcement. Some of these issues are code-related, whereas others are constructibility-focused: The Commentary to ACI 318-112 acknowledges the benefits of staggering, such as the staggering of bar cutoffs in bundles (Section R7.6.6), staggering hooks within a bundle (Section R7.6.6), staggering tie hooks (Section R7.10.5), and staggering the heads of headed bars (Section R12.6). Section R12.15.4 reads, in part: ...when located in regions of high tensile stress in the reinforcement. Such splices need not be staggered, although such staggering is encouraged where the area of reinforcement provided is less than twice that required by the analysis [emphasis added]. In the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,3 there are no stagger requirements when a mechanical splice conforms to the Type 1 ACI equivalent requirements. However, there are some requirements regarding staggering for other cases. Clause 5.11.5.3.2 notes that mechanical connections or welded splices, used where the area of reinforcement provided is at least twice that required by analysis and where the splices are staggered at least 24.0 in. (600 mm), may be designed to develop not less than either twice the tensile force
effect in the bar at the section or half the minimum specified yield strength of the reinforcement. In addition, Clause 5.11.5.4 requires splices of reinforcement in tension tie members shall be made only with either full-welded splices or full-mechanical connections. Splices in adjacent bars shall be staggered not less than 30.0 in. (750 mm) apart.
The Canadian Standards Associations (CSA) Design of Concrete Structures, CSA A23.3-04,4 has similar language to the preceding Item 2 (Clause 12.15.4). Finally, the ACI 343R5 report Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures also has similar language for mechanical splices (Section 13.2.15.a).
53
Detailing Corner
The CSA Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code CAN/ CSA-S6-066 (Clause 8.15.9.3) requires that all mechanical splices in components subjected to axial tension shall be staggered at least 32 in. (800 mm). And a sampling of state Department of Transportation (DOT) Bridge Design Specifications reveals that several states, including California, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, require all splices be staggered a specific distance, whereas some DOTs require splices be staggered as far as possible . The ACI Committee 4397 report, Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars, has some good information regarding splice staggering. In Section 1.3.1, Spacing and Cover Requirements, the following is presented: Clearance limits for mechanical splices may be a factor in the selection and positioning of the appropriate mechanical splice. The outside diameter of the mechanical splice should be known. Up-to-date dimensional data should be obtained from the splice manufacturer. By knowing the diameter of the mechanical splice, the engineer/specifier can decide whether the mechanical splices need to be staggered on the basis of the clearance required. For constructibility reasons, mechanical splices are usually best located in the same plane or elevation. There is little justification for staggering mechanical splices solely to prevent undesirable failure modes that are associated with lap splices because, unlike lap splices, the ability of mechanical splices to carry and transfer load from bar-to-bar is not affected by concrete cover or the compressive strength of concrete. Nevertheless, it has been the practice of some designers in the past to stagger mechanical splices as if they were lap splices. Pending any future code revisions, however, the minimum stagger length should be checked and specified by the engineer only when required to be consistent with an applicable code section, such as the provisions in Chapter 12 of ACI 318 related to splices that do not meet Type 1 or 2 requirements. Section 1.3.5 of this document has further discussion regarding field erection. It states: In many applications, mechanical splices may be staggered for clearance, access, and code requirements. If staggered mechanical splices are used in columns, for example, free-standing erection and assembly of the reinforcement may be required rather than preassembled cages, thus necessitating use of external bracing or formwork to hold bars while completing splices. There is a considerable difference in the time and equipment required to install different mechanical splices. Therefore, the field erection procedure and schedule should be coordinated with the selection and installation procedure of the mechanical splices. If special equipment is required, particular information regarding its size, weight, operation, and availability should be obtained from the supplier or splice manufacturer. Although staggering of mechanical splices may be construed as legacy thinking in design, there may be good reasons for this. Clearly, from the preceding discussion, the mechanical splices could all be located at the same elevation without compromising strength. With higher percentages of vertical column reinforcement, this may give rise to congestion at the splice elevation, depending on the mechanical splice type usedthis may or may not be a consideration. Furthermore, some types of construction rely on having splices at the same elevation; as an example, precast columns oftentimes use a grouted-sleeve mechanical splice to establish continuity. An informal poll of CRSI detailer/fabricator members showed that mechanical splices are staggered for the majority of cases, as indicated on the designers structural drawings. A portion of a detail from a project is shown in Fig. 4. (As a side note to the detail shown in Fig. 4, a project RFI asked to lower the elevation of the second splice line. This would allow the ironworkers to stand on the footing and reach the upper coupler, without needing to use a ladder.) Two benefits of staggering were cited: (1) staggering helps provide adequate room for installation of the mechanical splices, especially if tools are needed to facilitate completion of the splice; and (2) staggering reduces congestion around the splices, which facilitates meeting the spacing requirements of Section 7.6.3 of the ACI 318-112 code. This section requires the clear spacing between longitudinal bars be at least 1.5 in. and 1.5db (db is the bar diameter). In the case of bars that are
Fig. 4: An example of a project detail showing staggered mechanical splices in a column (1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3048 m)
54
Detailing Corner
(a) (b) Fig. 5: Mechanical splices: (a) taper-threaded and (b) shear screw sleeve7
mechanically spliced, the clear spacing requirement is traditionally applied to the spacing between neighboring splices, although this section does not specifically address clearance limits for mechanical splices. A closer spacing may prohibit the concrete from fully encapsulating the splicing device, similar to the bars being lap spliced. The inquiry stated that the staggering of mechanical splices is difficult to detail and a costly option to produce. From Fig. 4 and items addressed previously, it would seem that staggering has a minimal impact on cost and could actually enhance constructibility. With these points in mind, wed like to offer the following revision to the statement in the August CI article: Although ACI 318-08 does not require the staggering of mechanical splices for the general case, other codes may require this in certain instances. Staggering of mechanical splices may actually be preferred from the standpoint of constructibility. If the splices are staggered, this will result in both short and long vertical bars in the column run. When accommodating mechanical splices in design and construction, it would be helpful to have some idea of the overall dimensions for a typical splice. Although these dimensions vary due to the numerous types of splices available, two general types from various manufacturers were studiedthe taper-threaded coupler and the shear screw coupling sleeve (Fig. 5). A conservative length and diameter was determined from these representative mechanical splices, expressed as a multiple of the spliced bar diameter. The rough working dimensions are 3db to 4db for length and 1.5db for
diameter of taper-threaded splices, and 13db to 14db for length and 3db for diameter of shear screw couplers; db is the spliced bar diameter, as stated previously. These approximate dimensions can be used when checking clear spacing or the layout of staggered splices if required for adequate clear spacing. References
1. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2008, 473 pp. 2. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp. 3. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (Customary U.S. Units), fourth edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2007, 1822 pp. 4. CAN/CSA-A23.3-04, Design of Concrete Structures, Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 2004, 258 pp. 5. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343, Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures (ACI 343R-95) (Reapproved 2004), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2004, 158 pp. 6. CAN/CSA-S6-06, Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 2006, 800 pp. 7. ACI Committee 439, Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars (ACI 439.3R-07), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2007, 20 pp. Thanks to Dick Birley of Condor Rebar Consultants Inc. and Neal Anderson of CRSI for providing the information in this article. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
55
Art of Concrete
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Concrete Repair Specifications: Guidance or Confusion?

Sound engineering specifications are an integral part of true repair sustainability
by Robert M. Snover, Alexander M. Vaysburd, and Benoit Bissonnette
lthough there have been signicant advances in our understanding of the complexity of concrete repair and its engineering, premature failure of repairs has become a major problem. One recent study reported that only about half of a set of 200 concrete repair projects were successful.1 Failures were ascribed to: Incorrect diagnosis of the causes of the deterioration; Incorrect design of the repairs; Selection of inappropriate repair materials; and Poor workmanship. A well-designed specication should be a guiding road map for the engineer, contractor, material supplier, and quality controller. But, just as a map cant be drawn without a proper survey, a repair specication cant be written without a detailed diagnosis of the problem(s). The durability of a repair is the paramount factor to be considered and adequately addressed in a specication, so the design of the repair must be focused on durability. Poor workmanship may be caused by inadequate quality control. Whereas training is perhaps beyond the control of the specier, there is a close interdependence of specications and quality control. After all, the main task of the quality controller is to ensure that the repair operations are performed as specied, assuming that the specication is of adequate quality. But our experiences with many specications for repair jobs in North America, including marine structures, bridges, parking garages, and industrial plants, clearly demonstrate that a good specication is an endangered species. In search of a true engineering specication, we have found that many engineers are, in effect, applying a Band-Aid to an imperiled structure rather than developing a complex remedy based on numerous engineering tasks (Fig. 1).
Comprehensive Condition Evaluation

Consider: Original design approach; Environment and contamination; Conditions of use; and History of structure Establish: Design life; Intended use; Residual service life; and Required performance traits
Evaluation of Deterioration
Cover depth; Condition of steel; Chloride content; Depth of carbonation; Permeability; Resistivity; Petrography; and Compressive strength Determine extent of deterioration Assess structural Establish cause(s) of deterioration and safety implications Identify existing active mass transport mechanisms
Prognosis of Future Service Life (Model and Experience) Remediation Alternatives

Replace
Monitor only
Repair and/or protect
Repair/Protection Options Prognosis of Future Service Life [Time to Next Remedial Action or Replacement (Model and Experience)] Choose Repair/Protection Methods Establish Project Objectives Design and Specifications
Fig. Fig. 1 1: Designing a repair and writing the associated specification require that the engineer conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the existing conditions
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Can Performance Be Specified?
Our diagnosis is that the epidemic of poorly developed repair specications is associated with the increasing popularity of performance specications. Whereas the concept of specifying the end result is generally a good one, its not yet suitable for the concrete repair eld. Challenging as they may be, performance requirements cannot be successfully adapted and used to the exclusion of prescriptive specications until required performance criteria and reliable evaluative techniques have been developed and widely accepted. Many specied performance requirements are no more than bold statements, simply because there are no practical means to manage them. If a particular property or other specied item cannot be practically tested, measured, or controlled, it should not be specied. With respect to the performance requirements for repair materials, the situation can be greatly improved by following the guidance of Guide for the Selection of Materials for the Repair of Concrete (ACI 546.3R-06).2 Nevertheless, many other repair characteristics, such as electrochemical activities, are unknown and unpredictable. Caution needs to be exercised in establishing performance requirements for repairing corrosion-affected structures subjected to chloride and marine environments.3 The performance approach may be applicable where the potential future behavior is well understood; however, its unsuitable in cases of corrosion-affected structures being repaired because there are no proven links between available testing methods and actual in-place performance. The risk of continuing corrosion and even its acceleration due to the electrochemical incompatibility between the old and new in a composite structure will always be present, unless global cathodic protection is specied (Fig. 2). The synergetic effects of several critical diverse environments present along the electrically continuous reinforcement, in addition to differentials in stress states, signicantly add to the complexity of the problem. The inuence of the repair section on the existing structure; the change in chemical composition; and the distribution of aggressive agents, oxygen, moisture, and other factors on the electrochemical properties of the repair system all must be considered. However, a guidance document for doing so does not exist, and thus the problem-free repair of corrosion-affected structures is more of a myth than a reality. Its also desirable for the repair specication to eliminate phrases such as directed by the Engineer. The study and knowledge of what is really required will usually eliminate the need for these meaningless and costly phrases that leave an impression that the specier is uninformed or lazy. Also, the uncertainty in such specications makes sound project bidding impossible to work under them is tantamount to playing a game of Russian roulette.
- Potential +
Cathodic reaction (Oxygen reduction) Erp Electrochemical Incompatibility
A1
Steel in repaired zone (Chloride free) Steel in existing concrete (Chloride contaminated) A2
Esb
Anodic reaction (Iron corrosion)
Current density, log scale

Fig. 2: A repair patch in chloride-contaminated concrete can lead to the creation of a corrosion cell. Curve A1 is the anodic reaction for the bars in the patched area, and Curve A2 is the anodic reaction for the bars in the existing chloride-contaminated concrete. An electrochemical potential difference (Erp Esb) exists, and the bars in the existing concrete develop a local anodic area where the corrosion rate is much higher than in the repair area (Isb >> Irb) (based on Reference 4)
Irp
Isb
A Look at Specications
Many repair specications are mixtures of referenced standards, pay items, and cut-and-paste clauses recycled from previous projects with little thought about specics. There is no such thing as a standard concrete repair. The inherent variability depends mainly on: Existing physical and electrochemical conditions within the structure; Interaction between internal and external environments; Changes caused by the repair; Mass transport processes; and Compatibility or incompatibility between the substrate and repair. The factors affecting the performance of concrete repair systems are intrinsic and extrinsic; therefore, to properly take them into account, the specication writer (designer) must have an adequate knowledge of physical and electrochemical phenomena, interactions between existing substrates and repairs, external environments, and environments within the substrates and repair materials. Such knowledge is especially critical when the design needs to ensure a specic service life of repaired structure or the specic time to the next remedial actionrequirements increasingly being invoked.
Key Factors Affecting Repair
Durability The true qualication of the term durability in concrete repair is its expected service life to the next remedial action or replacement of the structure. To be implemented for true durability, a repair project should include:
58
of the existing conditions Assessment of the structure and establishment
of realistic performance requirements made with detailed consideration of the likely continuing deterioration and distress in different components of the composite repair system; and Durability planning, which includes both a modeling approach to the service life of the repaired structure and an experiential approach (detailed consideration of the consequences of continuing corrosion and deterioration to performance, probability, and risk).
affecting shrinkage cracking from the time of specimen casting. Unfortunately, speciers are apparently unaware of (or choosing to ignore) this very necessary test for repair materials. Of equal concern is the myth that very low water-cementitious material ratios (w/cm) will lead to reduced
shrinkage. In fact, for a given set of constituents, the greatest inuences on the shrinkage and cracking potential of a mixture is its total paste content.5 Cement paste functions as a binder, ller, and nishing aid; however, its also the source of shrinkage in concrete. Because it lacks the restraint
Permeability One of the fundamental factors inuencing the initiation and extent of damage to reinforced concrete is the movement of moisture. Water can contain aggressive agents and produce detrimental physical, chemical, and electrochemical effects. Many specications only refer to ASTM C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, for establishing the permeability of repair materials. Low permeability is not ensured, however, without concurrent specication of drying shrinkage limits to limit the extent of cracking. We have reviewed numerous specications and, unfortunately, have yet to nd a single case of setting a limit on drying shrinkage. When prepackaged repair materials are specied, a limiting shrinkage value is usually provided, but without any indication at what age this limit should be met, making such requirements useless. ASTM C1581, Standard Test Method for Determining Age at Cracking and Induced Tensile Stress Characteristics of Mortar and Concrete under Restrained Shrinkage, which allows for the evolution of material sensitivity to cracking, is useful for determining the relative likelihood of early material cracking and aiding in the selections of material mixtures that are less likely to crack. The method accounts for numerous factors
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Table 1:
Relative effects of material properties and contents on cracking of repairs

Effect
properties and factors critical for the low cracking tendency of repair materials are presented in Table 1.6
Material strength Our review of specications also Parameter Major Moderate Minor shows that there is a common misconDrying shrinkage X ception that high-strength repair material is benecial. We have not Modulus of elasticity X yet read a single specication that sets Creep X a limit for the maximum allowable compressive strength of hardened Compressive strength X repair material. Of course, a stronger Early strength X and stiffer cementitious material is more likely to crack because the Paste content X higher modulus of elasticity increases Cement content and type X the tensile stress arising from drying shrinkage and other restrained Aggregate content, type and size X volume changes. Such strength Coefficient of thermal expansion X incompatibility also negatively affects the distribution of stresses in loadw/cm X carrying repair systems. Accelerating admixtures X The major fault of an engineering material is not a lack of strength or Water-reducing admixtures X stiffness but rather a lack of resistance to Silica fume X the initiation and propagation of cracks. Problems can also arise from Fly ash X unnecessary specication of highSlag cement X early-strength repair materials. For typical repairs, such materials have a Water content X greater potential for higher shrinkage Slump (within typical ranges) X and cracking. Long-term durability is Note: Cracking can be reduced by using a repair material with moderate to low early strength achieved by dimensional stability, not and low early modulus of elasticity; minimizing paste content (with low amounts of portland by high early strength. The rate of cement and optimized aggregate quality and quantity); and incorporating Type II cement, y strength gain, in addition to the total ash, or slag cement. degree of hydration, has a signicant effect on the pore structure, microand macrocracking, and thus on the provided by aggregate, neat paste can shrink four to transport (permeability) properties of cementitious materials. ve times more than concrete with the same paste. At normal rates of strength gain (3 days50% ultimate Therefore, reducing paste quantity will make the greatest strength, 7 days70%, and 28 days100%), the hydration contributions to reducing shrinkage and cracking, thereby products have sufficient time to diffuse throughout the improving durability. cement matrix and precipitate uniformly. At accelerated Unfortunately, weve found many specications that rates, the hydration is so much faster than the diffusion require high-performance concrete with a w/cm of about process that most of the hydration products remain static 0.30. Such mixtures require water-reducing admixtures, but near the cement grains, leaving the interstitial space whereas these admixtures can be quite effective in increasing relatively open. These relatively dense deposits of hydration the workability of low w/cm mixtures, they may not products surrounding and sometimes encapsulating the necessarily reduce the amount of shrinkage. Sometimes, cement grain serve as diffusion obstacles to water and the opposite is true. Speciers seem to be unaware that hydration products, thus hindering further hydration ASTM C494, Standard Specication for Chemical Admixtures and producing a much more open pore structure than for Concrete, allows test specimens produced with the test comparable materials with a normal rate of hydration.7 admixture to have 35% more shrinkage than control It can be concluded that for concrete and other cementitious specimens without the admixture. Some of the material materials, especially those exposed to severe environments, 60
Repaired Concrete Structure

Repair Weakened bond between reinforcing bars and concrete along the repair perimeter Exterior weathering and loading effects Increase in permeability along the perimeter of the repair Penetration of H2O, CO2, Clfrom outside (1) Depassivation of the steel reinforcing bars (2) Formation of rust products (1) Accumulation and expansion of rust products (2) Loss of bond between reinforcing bars and repair material Expansion, more cracking, enlargement of existing cracks, spalling Expansion, more cracking, spalling of existing concrete adjacent to the repair
Restrained volume changes Cracking
Increase in permeability Penetration of H2O, Clfrom inside
concrete deterioration is being repaired, some of the chloride-contaminated concrete is usually left in place. In this case, there is always a risk that corrosion activity may continue or even accelerate because the repaired section has a different moisture, oxygen, and chloride content than the surrounding concrete. Strong corrosion cells may be established, resulting in spalling of the repair itself or, more frequently, of the concrete around the repair. A holistic model of concrete repair failure is shown in Fig. 3. Recently, we have seen the development, marketing, and specication of numerous products and systems claiming to prevent or signicantly slow down further corrosion and deterioration. Due to the economic consequences of introducing protective measures that dont perform as promised (and that may even have adverse effects), true site performance of such additional protective systems must be evaluated and documented to a reasonable extent. We need to have faith that corrosion inhibitors will provide protection when its required. Without eld evaluation, however, how do we know that the corrosion inhibitors wont diffuse or wash out from the location where they are needed?
Repair Failure
Fig. 3: Holistic model of a concrete repair failure
the rate of strength gain is critical to durability. Materials with slow strength gain (for instance, those containing y ash or slag cement) might perform more satisfactorily under these conditions. Repair materials with acceptable minimum earlystrength properties should be specied and used. If practical, compressive strength should be specied at a stage later than the traditional 28 days. The specied compressive strength should not be in excess of what is necessary for load-carrying purposes. Actual in-place 28-day compressive strengths should be kept at levels similar to the specied strength. Corrosion protection A major problem occurring within repaired concrete structures is the continuation or even acceleration of reinforcing steel corrosion. When an existing concrete structure suffering from reinforcement corrosion and
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Repair materials Specifying repair materials for a given project is a daunting task, Bond strength ICRI 03739 with CSP3 considering the number of materials at 1, 7, and 28 days on 30 MPa concrete available on the market and the way Length change they are represented by manufacturers Immersed 235C at 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days ASTM C157 modified data sheets with different material and until 90% ultimate 76x76x275 mm 46 to 54% RH at 232C properties and test methods to per ASTM C596 characterize them. The engineer has very limited and sometimes misleading Coefficient of Use 46 to 54% RH bar from ASTM C157 information on which to base thermal expansion cycle 60 to 5C at 50 and > 95% RH selection and specication of materials for a particular repair project. ASTM C666-A 25 mm overlay on Resistance to 76x76x406 mm freezing and thawing Typically, only data on properties freezing and thawing durable concrete with CSP3 at 28 days favorable for a particular material are Resistance to being reported. Also, test methods ASTM C672 at 28 days salt scaling used to determine material properties ASTM C512 and modications to such tests are Compressive creep often poorly documented. Rapid chloride ASTM C1202 at 28 days The information on product data permeability ASTM C1543 or AASHTO T259 14 day cure sheets does not provide condence in Chloride ponding then 14 day air dry CPS 3 the given properties and is not a Sulfate resistance credible basis for specication and ASTM C1012 selection of materials that will, in Chemical resistance ASTM C1308 Spot test covered otherwise adequate conditions, ensure durability of the repair. Because of ASTM C1581 60 days, report age Cracking resistance at cracking and crack width this anarchy in product data sheets, unsuitable materials are often specied and used, leading to premature Fig. 4: Durability-related properties of concrete repair materials as listed in the protocol in ACI 546.3R-062 (1 mm = 0.04 in.; F = 9/5 x C + 32) repair failures. In response to an urgent industry need for a standardized protocol for Both moisture and temperature gradients determine the reporting properties and descriptions of cement-based transport of water and other agents in the repair system, so repair materials, ACI issued the Guide for Cementitious its likely that an inhibitor will spread beyond a repair area Repair Material Data Sheet (ACI 364.3R-09).8 It requires and migrate as the result of moisture and temperature providing information on material in a standardized, logical, gradients, causing the necessary concentration to be and consistent format so that repair materials can be reduced. Its also very likely that chlorides from the existing appropriately specied and selected. contaminated concrete will move into the repair section. The protocol denes important properties and how to These effects will be magnied in exposed structures, as test for these properties. Unlike a specication, performance mass transport between the repair material and existing criteria are not listed but are left to the specier to choose concrete will be most signicant when the structure is based on the properties of the substrate concrete, the subjected to wetting and drying. application constraints, and the environment of the Finally, what is the overall effect when a corrosion installation to achieve compatibility. A discussion of the inhibitor is added to the repair material? The local nature relevance, interpretation, and suggested limiting values of of the repair does not address the entire structures corrosion many types of concrete repair materials has been published problem if chlorides or carbonation are widespread. The in a related document, ACI 546.3R-06.2 The durability-related repair that contains the inhibitor can become a clean properties addressed in the protocol are shown in Fig. 4. (noncorroding) cathodic area that stimulates increased The implementation of the guide into practice will corrosion around itcausing the ring effect, resulting in unquestionably improve the quality of design specications corrosion and early cracking and spalling in concrete and the quality of repair projects, which is crucial to the adjacent to the repair. To put it bluntly, is it reasonable to sustainability of concrete structures. But theres a serious expect any benets from the addition of a corrosion problem with the implementation of the guide into inhibitor to a repair material? practiceits an expensive task for the material manufacturers 62
Durability Properties
Verification Test Method
to retest materials already on the market and issue new data sheets. Manufacturers are not going to do this timeconsuming and expensive job unless project specications spell out the requirements and provisions in accordance with this ACI document. It therefore becomes the responsibility of the engineer/specier to push the provisions of ACI 364.3R-098 into practice. Economic signicance Writing a concrete repair specication is a complex engineering task requiring extensive knowledge of science, engineering, and eld practices, as well as high standards of responsibility on the part of the writer. The purpose of our critiques is to help the industry use resources more efficiently and economically. Designing and specifying concrete repair has unique requirements. In fact, some of the material and performance requirements desirable to new concrete can be detrimental to the production of durable concrete repairs. The list is by no means complete but may serve to indicate some of the bugs that could be eliminated by reasonable understanding of and attention to the issues involved. Some of the tips and recommendations have been tried on a number of remediation projects and proved to be practical and effective. Every means of making concrete repair practice, including project specications, more reliable will have an enormous technical and economic signicance, considering the volume of deteriorated concrete structures and the limited resources for their remediation. References
1. Mathews, S., and Saekkinen, M., Achieving Durable Repaired Concrete Structures, IHS BRE Press, Garston, Watford, UK, 2007, pp. 3-5. 2. ACI Committee 546, Guide for the Selection of Materials for the Repair of Concrete (ACI 546.3R-06), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2006, 34 pp. 3. Sharp, B.N., Performance Specications for Coastal Structures: Limits and Limitations, Concrete in the Services of Mankind, Concrete for Infrastructures and Utilities, R.K. Dhir and N.A. Henderson, eds., E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1996, pp. 49-63. 4. Gu, P.; Beaudoin, J.J.; Tumidajski, P.J.; and Mallvaganam, N.P., Electrochemical Incompatibility of Patches in Reinforced Concrete, Concrete International, V. 19, No. 8, Aug. 1997, pp. 68-72. 5. Shi, C.; Stegemann, J.A.; and Caldwell, R.J., Effect of Supplementary Cementing Materials on the Specic Conductivity of Pore Solution and Its Implications on the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (AASHTO T277 and ASTM C1202) Results, ACI Materials Journal, V. 95, No. 4, July-Aug. 1998, pp. 389-394. 6. Kosmatka, S.H., and Panarese, W.C., Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1998, 205 pp. 7. Burke, D.; Brown, C.; Vaysburd, A.M.; and Bissonnette, B., Roadmap for Improvement of Crack Resistance of Repair Materials, Applicator, V. 28, No. 2, 2006, pp. 18-22.
8. ACI Committee 364, Guide for Cementitious Repair Material Data Sheet (ACI 364.3R-09), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2009, 12 pp. Note: Additional information on the ASTM standards discussed in this article can be found at www.astm.org. Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Robert M. Snover is the President of Appledore Marine Engineering, Inc., Portsmouth, NH. The majority of his career has focused on marine structural engineering and related issues. Specically, he has been instrumental in managing and actively participating in waterfront assessments both worldwide for the U.S. Navy and nationally for the U.S. Coast Guard. He has served in leadership roles for various organizations, including the Society of American Military Engineers, the Propeller Club of the United States, the Navy League, and the New Hampshire State Port Authority. In addition, he serves on the engineering committee of the Association of Diving Contractorsthe lead agency for establishing dive training and safety requirements. Alexander M. Vaysburd is a Principal of Vaycon Consulting, Baltimore, MD. He is a member of ACI Committees 213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete; 364, Rehabilitation; 365, Service Life Prediction; and 546, Repair of Concrete. In 1996, he was awarded the ACI Wason Medal for Most Meritorious Paper. In 2000, he received both the ACI Cedric Willson Award and the ACI Construction Award. Benoit Bissonnette, FACI, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Universit Laval, Qubec, QC, Canada. He is also Director of Engineering at SIMCO Technologies. He is a member of ACI Committees 223, ShrinkageCompensating Concrete; and 364, Rehabilitation. His research interests include concrete shrinkage and creep, cracking, concrete repair and rehabilitation, berreinforced concrete, and self-consolidating concrete.
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Products &
Powers Versatile C5 Trak-It
Practice
Leica Geosystems Aids Stringless Paving
Powers Fasteners introduced the C5 Trak-It Tool, a gaspowered tool capable of handling multiple applications in a variety of base materials. It weighs 7.9 lb (3.6 kg), making it the smallest on the market. It can shoot 1/2 to 1-1/2 in. (13 to 38 mm) pins in varying diameter up to a depth of 2-1/2 in. (63 mm), and the battery can shoot up to 3500 pins before it needs recharging. The C5 Trak-It is ideal for attaching steel track, plywood, lath, and furring strips to concrete, block, and steel. Powers Fasteners www.powers.com Flynn Co. Inc., a Dubuque, IA, concrete paving contractor, has invested in various Leica Geosystems machine control technologies, including the PaveSmart 3D, to allow them to implement stringless technology in paving. They rst used the system in 2009 on a project on U.S. Highway 65 near Mason City, IA; and after successful stringless projects in Missouri and Iowa, are about to start paving a four-lane divided highway for the Iowa Department of Transportation. The company has cited the PaveSmart as helping eliminate the labor and cost of stringline, as well as the other variables associated with the stringline process. Leica Geosystems www.leica-geosystems.us
Precision in Anchor-Hole Drilling Metabo Upgrades Prep Kit

Metabo Corporation has upgraded its 7 in. (178 mm) Angle Grinder Surface Prep Kit to include the new W24-230 large angle grinder as well as the standard 7 in. dust control shroud and optional vacuum. The new grinder offers a rated speed of 6600 rpm, a loaded speed of 4600 rpm, and delivers 17% more torque than the previous kits grinder. It also features a simplied on/off switch to prevent false starts, and features Metabos VibraTech three-position side handle to reduce vibration levels. Metabo Corporation www.metabousa.com
Bosch Stop Bits offer an easier and more precise method of drilling holes for drop-in anchors. A steel collar on each bit marks the depth of the hole; once the collar is ush with the concrete, the correct depth has been reached. The carbide-tipped steel bits come in varying diameters, including 3/8, 1/2, and 5/8 in. (10, 13, and 16 mm) and depths ranging from 13/16 to 2-1/16 in. (20 to 52 mm), accommodating over 80% of all requirements for drop-in anchors. The bits take the place of the manual depth gauge on rotary hammers, and have a maximum speed of 1100 rpm. Bosch www.boschtools.com
Information on the items reported in Products & Practice is furnished by the product manufacturers, suppliers, or developers who are responsible for the accuracy of the information. Also, the descriptions of these items do not represent endorsement by this magazine, by the American Concrete Institute, or any of its staff. They are published here simply as a service to our readers.
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Products & Practice

GSSI Adds Dimension to StructureScan
GSSI has added 3-D data collection to their StructureScan Mini system. The system locates reinforcing bars, conduits, post-tension cables, and voids in concrete at depths of up to 16 in. (410 mm). It also features an easy user interface, a laser positioning system, a four-wheel drive survey encoder, and is water-resistant and dust-proof. The 3-D addition allows results to be displayed on the devices screen in three dimensions. It also includes auto-target capabilities and automatically calculates the dielectric of the concrete to determine target depths. GSSI www.geophysical.com
EnviroLastic AL Gives Strength and Safety
Sherwin-Williams introduced EnviroLastic AL, an aliphatic polyurea coating system that offers more color and gloss retention compared to traditional aromatic polyureas. EnviroLastic AL prevents yellowing and gloss reduction from UV light and offers elastomeric performance by bridging gaps up to 1/8 in. (3 mm) wide. The combination of weatherability, crack bridging capability, and adhesion properties make this USDA-approved, seamless coating system suitable for interior and exterior walls and ceilings, as well as exterior tanks and silos at manufacturing facilities, food and beverage plants, and pharmaceutical clean rooms. Sherwin-Williams www.sherwin-williams.com
Peri Combines Formwork and Scaffold Systems
The National University of Singapore constructed a three-building high-rise residential complex, which required quick construction to accommodate students and employees. Engineers at PERI developed a formwork and scaffolding solution that would allow crane-independent climbing sequences while providing safe work platforms. Wall sections and rectangular columns were formed using the MAXIMO system, which can be adapted to different building dimensions. The MAXIMO formwork was combined with PERIs RCS rail climbing system to create moving units connected to the structure at all times, using mobile climbing hydraulics to move and PERI UP reinforcement scaffolding to conduct forming, reinforcement work, and concrete placing. PERI Formwork Systems, Inc. www.peri-usa.com
Saw Eases Crack Filling
Designed to follow random crack patterns in asphalt and concrete surfaces, General Equipment Companys CS8 Random Crack Saw uses 8 in. (200 mm) diameter dry cut-type diamond blades to produce smooth-sided cuts for proper crack lling procedures. A center-mounted blade conguration lets the CS8 pivot around its own axis to more easily follow random crack patterns, which is intended to maximize blade life by minimizing undercutting. Maximum cutting width is 1/2 in. (13 mm), and maximum straight-line cutting depth is 1-1/2 in. (38 mm). It also has an innitely adjustable blade-height control, a 3 in. (76 mm) diameter vacuum port, and an optional water mist control system. General Equipment Company www.generalequip.com
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Products & Practice

Web Notes
Bekaert Creates Online Resource for Steel Fiber
Bekaert has launched Dramix Club, an online information platform for those professionally involved in the use of steel bers. Bekaert aims to deliver support information, expert advice, tips, and ideas on a daily basis to make working with steel bers easier. The Web site includes a link to Dramix Drapro slab-on-ground calculation software for engineering offices, which provides calculations for steel-ber concrete based on the yield line theory and ultimate limit states. The product library features a wide range of information available for free and kept up to date by Bekaert engineers. Additonally, Dramix Club has a reference database of steel-ber projects from around the world and a section called Speakers Corner, offering text and video testimonials from building professionals putting their steel-ber technology to use. To access the site, visit dramixclub.bekaert.com.
by Portland Cement Association For over 85 years, the Portland Cement Association (PCA)s Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures has been the cement and concrete industrys primary guide to applications, methods, and materials. The new, fully revised 15th edition highlights the many advances that have occurred in the past decade, while providing a current reference on the fundamentals of concrete technology and construction. Backed by PCA research, it addresses the essentials on freshly mixed and hardened concrete, including cements, supplementary cementitious materials, aggregates, admixtures, air-entrainment, mixture proportioning, batching, curing, hot- and cold-weather concreting, highperformance concrete, and control tests for quality concrete.Plus, four new chapters on sustainability, reinforcement, the properties of concrete, and durability reect the latest information for the industry. The book includes instruction for using the most recent standards, specications, test methods, and guides of ASTM International, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, ACI, and the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. This manual benets concrete producers, concrete contractors, and material suppliers and is a reference publication for many national and state certication programs.Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures also meets the needs of architects, engineers, builders, and students. Portland Cement Association, Web site: www.cement.org $90, 444 pp.
Book Notes
Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures
Products&Service Literature&Videos
Lafarge LEED Product Guide App
Lafarge North Americas new Lafarge LEED Product Guide App enhances design professionals use of the companys Web-based interactive Lafarge Product Guide for LEED Project Certication by allowing users to access the tools rich content via their Apple iPhones and iPads. The App allows designers to bridge the gap between ideas and the necessary technical information to realize them. A designer can quickly use the App on his or her mobile device to research product specications and determine how a product can serve a design concept. Additionally, users can contact the appropriate Lafarge product specialist on the spot. The App can be downloaded for free in the iTunes Store. Lafarge North America www.lafarge-na.com
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Product
Showcase
Elemix
Elemix concrete additive by Syntheon, Inc. reduces the weight of concrete while maintaining its structural strength. Elemix is a lightweight synthetic particle used as a partial replacement for conventional normalweight or lightweight aggregate to reduce the weight of concrete while increasing concretes resistance to cracking and re and adding durability to freezing and thawing. In addition to extending the life cycle of concrete, it can also cut costs by reducing the weight of ooring systems for a multi-story building and reducing the need for reinforcement. Syntheon, Inc. www.syntheoninc.com
Innovative Products
ProConcrete is a three-dimensional (3-D) CAD software tool to model, detail, and schedule reinforced concrete structures. The system allows concrete and reinforcing bars to be fully realized components of each projects vision via building information modeling. Developed by Bentley Systems, Inc. and Applied Systems Associates, Inc., the software allows for quick and accurate modeling of all structural components, including reinforcing bars, mesh, connectors, and other accessories, as well as handling cast-in-place and precast concrete elements. The software also integrates with MicroStation, AutoCAD, Bentleys Integrated Structural Model technology, and other 3-D tools. Applied Systems Associates, Inc. www.asarebar.com
ProConcrete
Veri LLC has launched the Veri Disperse system, which enhances and extends the Verifi Process Control System by automatically adding water and dispersants to a concrete mixture while in transit. The automated slump management ensures that concrete will always arrive at the job site within the target slump rate. The system increases efficiency in concrete production and delivery and improves the control of concrete slump and other plastic properties due to the addition of admixtures much closer to the point of discharge. Veri LLC www.veritechnologies.com
Veri Disperse
Concrete Canvas
Concrete Canvas (CC) is a exible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable, water- and reproof concrete layer. CC features a threedimensional ber matrix containing a specially formulated dry concrete mix backed by PVC, and can be hydrated by spraying or by full immersion in water. It can be used for a variety of applications, including ditch lining, pipeline protection, and slope protection. CC is available in three thicknesses (0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 in. [5, 8, and 13 mm]) and comes in batched or bulk rolls. Concrete Canvas Ltd. www.concretecanvas.co.uk
KemRok
KemRok by Ceratech is a high-performance structural cement ideal for industrial infrastructure applications, secondary containment, and form-and-place projects. It can be placed in temperatures between 30 and 120F (1 and 49C), has up to 6 hours of working time, is mixed and placed the same way as portland cement concrete, and can be nished using standard concrete nishing practices. KemRok has also been engineered for low permeability and high resistance to chemical attack, especially by sulfuric acid. Ceratech www.ceratechinc.com
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Product Showcase
The Pro-Cretor high-pressure pump and mixer is a heavy-duty solution for shotcreting, pressure grouting, plastering, aggregate pool nishes, structural concrete repair, and refractory applications. The Pro-Cretor includes a 10 ft3 (0.3 m3) material mixer, a 3 in. (76 mm) full-ow S-tube material valve with reversing capability, dual hardchrome-plated material cylinders, a variable-speed hydraulic piston pump with remote control, a diesel engine, and a heavy-duty trailer with hydraulic surge brakes. Airplaco Equipment Company www.airplaco.com
Pro-Cretor
Novomesh 950 from Propex is a concrete fiber blend ideal for crack control in increased load-bearing situations. Novomesh was recently used in the construction of the SCS Data Center in Birmingham, AL. The design had extended control joints and the interior slab was used as a casting bed for tilt wall panels, which required a macrosynthetic fiber with excellent finishing properties. Novomesh 950 has a wider cross section than other types of macrosynthetic fibers, resulting in enhanced finishing characteristics. Propex www.propexbrands.com
Novomesh 950
DW089K Line Laser
DEWALT released their DW089K three-beam line laser, ideal for use with commercial and residential projects. The device features a second plumb line that forms a 90-degree intersecting line on the oor and ceiling, removing the need for a second laser. The device also features a bright beam, is accurate within 1/8 in. (3 mm), and has a micro-adjust knob to move lines without moving the instrument. DEWALT www.dewalt.com
Masonry Crack Stitching Kit
The Helix Masonry Crack Stitching Kit provides an all-in-one solution for noninvasive crack stitching repair for all types of masonry and provides contractors with a fully concealed alternative to crack injection and teardown and rebuild. The kit includes several tools that allow contractors to repair and redirect stresses on damaged masonry areas and create a monolithic point to distribute loads. Included in the kit are HeliBars, stainless steel reinforcement wires; HeliBond, an injectable cementitious grout; a Helix Pointing Gun to inject the grout; and a Helix Brick Jointer for pointing and nishing. Helix, Inc. www.helix.com
LNP Verton Composite Concrete Forms
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) Innovative Plastics and Meccano de Mxico have developed one-piece reusable concrete forms made from SABICs LNP Verton long glass ber-reinforced composite. The corrosion-resistant forms can replace traditional multi-piece steel forms, cutting cycle times from 3 hours to a few minues, and helping reduce overall construction costs for more affordable housing. The new forms have been used to create concrete panels for houses and come in a variety of sizes and congurations. Saudi Basic Industries Corporation www.sabic-ip.com
SYNLIME
SYNLIME Lime Free Cement Concentrates, developed by AdMix International, are patented powdered admixtures that replace lime used in stucco, plaster, grout, and mortar. One lb (0.45 kg) of Lime Free replaces 25 lb (11.25 kg) of hydrated lime and produces significantly higher psi levels. Lime Free Technology is recognized as a green building material and is biodegradable, noncaustic, noncorrosive, noncarcinogenic, and nontoxic. The formula does not contain any hydrated lime, nitrates, phosphates, phenols, or VOCs. SYNLIME www.synlime.com 69
So what are you still waiting for?
Its time to get your nozzlemen trained and certied!

The American Shotcrete Association, in partnership with the American Concrete Institute, has developed a comprehensive program to upgrade the knowledge and skills of shotcrete nozzlemen and to facilitate ACI examination and certification. Provide your clients with the assurance that your nozzlemen have demonstrated that they have the capabilities to perform the job rightthe first time! To learn more or to schedule an ASA training session and an ACI Shotcrete Nozzleman Certification examination, visit www.shotcrete.org or call (248) 848-3780.
Industry
Focus
Putzmeister Honors Top Latin American Distributors
Putzmeister America named Tekno Bomba S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Metal Tcnica S.A., Lima, Peru, as recipients of the Presidents Award for Outstanding Performance. The award recognizes achievements in the promotion, sale, and after-sales service of Putzmeister products in Latin America and the Caribbean. The distributors are noted for continually promoting Putzmeister equipment and educating customers on how to best use it. CERATECH, Inc. (CTI) has accepted a strategic equity investment from Alpha Natural Resources. CTIs cement manufacturing process produces technologically advanced sustainable cement using 95% waste y ash, which dramatically reduces landll requirements. Alphas support is considered an endorsement that will aid CTI in discussions with leading U.S. utilities. Alpha feels that the investment ts in with the companys larger sustainability investments strategy and serves as a way of encouraging the development of new technologies that bring sustainable environmental benets to their utility customers. and the fourth-largest concrete producer in the U.S. The purchase also puts Argoss installed capacity at 3.5 million tons (3.2 million tonnes) of cement and 13.1 million yd3 (10 million m3) of concrete per year.
Ceratech Receives Green Investment
Sakrete continued its tradition of volunteerism and sponsorship as part of the Sakrete Sack Program with the completion of a playground at Winding Springs Elementary School in Charlotte, NC. For the fth year, Sakrete made both a monetary donation to the Charlotte Playground Build Program and in-kind donations consisting of volunteers to help with construction; 280 bags of Sakrete Fast Setting Concrete Mix; 25 bags of High Strength Concrete Mix; and 1610 bags of mulch from the Lawn and Garden division of Oldcastle, Sakretes parent company. Along with 40 other sponsoring businesses and 200 volunteers, Sakrete helped to construct the playground in less than 7 hours. Since the Sakrete Sack Program was launched in 2006, the company has made nearly $90,000 in cash contributions.
Sakrete Helps Build Charlotte, NC, Playground
Allen Engineering Honored as International Business Leader in Arkansas
SGH Acquires Engineering Firm, Expands Parking Engineering Services

Simpson Gumpertz & Heger (SGH) acquired Capobianco Consulting Engineers, LLC (CCE), a consulting engineering rm headquartered in Walthma, MA, which will expand SGHs Parking Engineering Services. CCE specializes in design management and structural engineering for new parking structures. Facility owners, developers, and contractor-led design-build teams frequently hire CCE as the prime design consultant on parking structure projects to manage geotechnical, civil, structural, architectural, mechanical, and electrical engineering disciplines. CCE also manages numerous parking garage restoration projects and has specic expertise in designing precast parking garage components for precast manufacturers. SGH augments its national parking structure design and rehabilitation services that it provides to clients throughout the U.S. Correction It was incorrectly stated in the October 2011 Industry Focus that ERICO was celebrating its 50th anniversary. The company has actually been in business for over 100 years, whereas their reinforcing bar splicing products, including the LENTON line, are commemorating 50 years. Visit www.erico.com for more information.
Allen Engineering Corporation (AEC) was one of four Arkansas companies honored for being a leader in the state in international business and exporting. AEC is recognized for their aggressive pursuit of global opportunities through innovative tactics to capture market share, such as educating customers on what it takes to produce highquality concrete oors. This approach has kept AEC focused on local markets needs and attitudes, which has given them critical competitive advantages in more than 30 international markets. AEC was recognized in the small-/ medium-sized manufacturer/service exporter category (less than $50 million in total sales).
Argos Acquires Lafarge Assets in Southeast U.S.
Argos announced that it will acquire assets from Lafarge in the southeast U.S. to consolidate its presence in that market and vertically integrate its operations. Assets purchased include two cement plants with a total capacity of 3 million tons (2.7 million tonnes), 79 concrete plants throughout the southeast U.S., and a terminal with port facilities in Mobile, AL. The acquisitions position Argos as the second-largest cement producer in the southeast region
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Sinopsis en espaol
Valoracin de la conformidad de la resistencia en ms de tres ejemplares de ncleos Bartlett, F. Michael y Lawler, John S., Concrete International, V. 33, No. 12, diciembre de 2011, pgs. 46-49 El procedimiento actual previsto en la norma ACI 318-08 para la determinacin in situ de la conformidad de la resistencia del hormign con resultados de la prueba de resistencia en cilindros de baja calidad conlleva la obtencin y la realizacin de pruebas en tres ejemplares de ncleos y aceptar el hormign si la resistencia media de los ncleos es igual o superior a 0,85fc y si no se observa ninguna resistencia individual del ncleo inferior a 0,75fc. Este artculo contempla los criterios de aceptacin para muestras que incluyan ms de tres pruebas de ncleos Presenta dos planteamientos para la determinacin de una resistencia mnima adecuada y dos clculos de ejemplo. Dimensiones de las paredes inclinadas y aclaracin sobre la disposicin de los empalmes mecnicos (RFI 11-10) Personal de CRSI, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 12, diciembre de 2011, pgs. 51-55 El Detailing Corner de este mes analiza las dimensiones de las paredes inclinadas y su efecto sobre las barras de refuerzo. Tambin ofrece una aclaracin sobre el artculo de Concrete International de agosto de 2011, Detalles de las columnas de hormign, en respuesta a un RFI de los miembros de la Comisin Conjunta 408 de ACI-ASCE, Desarrollo y disposicin de las barras deformadas. Requisitos en prctica basados en el rendimiento Rankin, Dane; Alexander, David; y OBrien, Patrick, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 12, diciembre de 2011, pgs. 30-36 Diseado por Skidmore, Owings y Merrill LLP (SOM), el Trump International Hotel & Tower (Torre Trump) es el edificio ms alto de Estados Unidos desde la finalizacin de la icnica Torre Willis de SOM (antigua Torre Sears) en 1975. La estructura de hormign del edificio se eleva a una altura de 354 m y su aguja alcanza los 423 m. Las demandas de este proyecto exigieron la creacin de un equipo de personas con un alto nivel de capacitacin y conocimientos, y con la firme voluntad por parte de cada uno de sus miembros de afrontar los retos con soluciones planteadas en equipo. El artculo analiza la colaboracin entre la firma de ingeniera estructural (SOM), el contratista de hormign (McHugh Construction) y el proveedor de hormign (Prairie Material), lo que sin duda contribuy al xito del proyecto. Especificaciones para la reparacin del hormign: Orientacin o confusin? Snover, Robert M.; Vaysburd, Alexander M.; y Bissonnette, Benoit, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 12, diciembre de 2011, pgs. 57-63 Redactar una especificacin para la reparacin del hormign es una compleja labor de ingeniera que exige un exhaustivo conocimiento de ciencias, ingeniera y prcticas de campo, as como un alto nivel de responsabilidad por parte del redactor. Lamentablemente, muchas especificaciones para la reparacin son una mezcla de normas de referencia, artculos y clusulas copiadas y pegadas recicladas de anteriores proyectos con escasa atencin a los detalles. Por consiguiente, el rpido fracaso de las reparaciones se ha convertido en un problema importante. Con especial atencin a la durabilidad, la permeabilidad, la resistencia del material, la proteccin anticorrosin y la seleccin de los materiales de reparacin, este artculo ofrece una revisin crtica de algunos de los requisitos y de los mtodos de prueba actualmente especificados. Enclavamiento del confinamiento en espiral de las columnas rectangulares Yin, Samuel Yen-Liang; Wu, Tzu-Liang; Liu, Tony C.; Sheikh, Shamim A.; y Wang, Raymond, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 12, diciembre de 2011, pgs. 38-45 Recientemente se ha desarrollado un innovador enclavamiento del confinamiento en multiespiral para las columnas rectangulares de hormign. Este desarrollo incluy la realizacin de pruebas y la valoracin de un gran nmero de columnas de hormign reforzadas de tamao natural en compresin axial y en cargas cclicas laterales. Los resultados de las pruebas presentados en este artculo certifican que las columnas con un enclavamiento del confinamiento en multiespiral muestran una mayor resistencia a la compresin, y una mayor ductilidad en comparacin con las columnas con los aros rectilneos tradicionales. El confinamiento en multiespiral demostr ser tambin el diseo ms eficiente en trminos de ensamblaje automtico.
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Calls for
Papers
Structural Faults & Repair 2012
Meeting: Structural Faults & Repair 2012, July 3-5, 2012, The Royal College of Surgeons Hall, Edinburgh, UK. Solicited: Papers, special sessions, and mini symposia related to extending the life of bridges, use of composites, NDT and diagnostic techniques, repair, early-age testing of concrete, use of recycled construction materials, and reducing carbon footprint in repair and maintenance. More information on conference topics can be found at www.structuralfaultsandrepair.com. Requirements: Send 200-word abstract or session/ symposia outline by e-mail. Deadline: Abstracts and outlines are due by December 7, 2011. Send to: editor@structuralfaultsandrepair.com. Meeting: Technical session on Advancements in the Use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Systems at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, in Toronto, ON, Canada. Solicited: Four to six 30-minute presentations focused on how BIM is being incorporated into project design and construction. The presentations should address the challenges of implementing this new technology into the project delivery process; the key benets that BIM has to offer in design, construction, and maintenance activities; and examples of how this new technology has been successfully implemented into real-life projects. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 500 words maximum. Deadline: Abstracts are due by March 30, 2012. Send to: Neb Erakovic, Principal, Halcrow Yolles, e-mail: neb.erakovic@halcrowyolles.com. Meeting: Technical session on Emerging Concrete Technologies at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, in Toronto, ON, Canada. Solicited: Six to ten 30-minute presentations on new and emerging technologies and materials that are being implemented in the concrete construction industry. These presentations might include subjects such as portland limestone cement, advances in concrete durability and service-life prediction, new admixtures/additives or innovative approaches to concrete mixture design with the potential to increase sustainability of concrete, and practical applications of nanotechnology related to concrete construction or repair. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 500 words maximum. Deadline: Abstracts are due by March 30, 2012. Send to: Hannah Schell, Head, Concrete Section, Materials Engineering and Research Office, Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, e-mail: Hannah.Schell@ontario.ca.
Assessment and Upgrading of Infrastructure

Meeting: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Spring Conference, Assessment, Upgrading, and Refurbishment of Infrastructures, May 6-8, 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Solicited: Conference themes include load-carrying capacity and remaining service life of bridges, tunnels, and maritime structures; assessment of structural condition; modernization and refurbishment, including change of use, transformation or conservation, and structures of historic and architectural value; and materials and products. Requirements: Submit abstracts online at www.iabse2013rotterdam.nl/abstracts. Deadline: Abstracts are due by April 15, 2012. Contact: IABSE Spring Conference 2013, Kruisplein 40, 3012CC Rotterdam, telephone: +(31) 6-53403276, fax: +(31) 182-320517.
Building Information Modeling
Analysis and Design Issues in LiquidContaining Structures
Emerging Concrete Technologies
Meeting: Technical session on Analysis and Design Issues in Liquid-Containing Structures at the ACI Fall 2012 Convention, October 21-25, 2012, in Toronto, ON, Canada; sponsored by ACI Committee 350, Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures. Solicited: Papers on the latest analytical procedures, experimental ndings, and construction practice issues related to liquid-containing structures are invited. Topics will include crack and leakage control criteria under hydrostatic and seismic loading, simplied and efficient design procedures, design code-related issues, and liquid-structure interaction effects. Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and 3) abstract of 500 words maximum. Deadline: Abstracts are due by May 30, 2012. Send to: Reza Kianoush, Ryerson University, e-mail: kianoush@ryerson.ca.
Concrete international DECMBER 2011
73
Meetings
2011 December 4 22-27
World of Concrete, Las Vegas, NV www.worldofconcrete.com MCAA Convention at World of Concrete, Las Vegas, NV www.convention.masoncontractors.org
11-15
ASTM International Symposium on Pervious Concrete, Tampa, FL www.astm.org/SYMPOSIA/ ASTM International Committee Week, Tampa, FL www.astm.org 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Technology, Ahmedabad, India www.nuicone.org RILEM International Conference on Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites, Rio de Janiero, Brazil www.rilem.net Future Concrete 2011, Dubai, UAE www.futureconcrete.com
NACE Corrosion Conference 2012, Salt Lake City, UT events.nace.org/conferences/c2012/
29-31
4-9
February 2-4
8-10
APFIS 2012: Third Asia Pacic Conference on FRP Structures, Sapporo, Japan www.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/maintenance/ APFIS2012/ NAHB International Builders Show, Orlando, FL www.buildersshow.com
Structures Congress 2012, Chicago, IL content.asce.org/conferences/ structures2012/
April 11-13
8-11
12-14
International Conference on Microdurability of Cementitious Composites, Amsterdam, the Netherlands microdurability.tudelft.nl/ Introduction.php
March 6-8
18-20
2012 CUEE Conference, Tokyo, Japan www.cuee.titech.ac.jp/Conference_ 2012/index.htm International Symposium on Ultra-High-Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology for HighPerformance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany www.hipermat.de/
ICRI 2012 Spring Convention, Quebec, QC, Canada www.icri.org/
16-19
6th Middle East Symposium on Structural Composites for Infrastructure Applications 2011, Luxor, Egypt www.mesc6-egypt.com
7-9
May 7-9
IABSE Conference, Cairo, Egypt www.iabse-cairo2012.com/
8-9
Chemspec USA, Philadelphia, PA www.chemspecevents.com/usa/
2012 January 22-26 Upcoming ACI Conventions

2012 March 18-22, Hyatt Regency, Dallas, TX. 2012 October 21-25, Sheraton Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2013 April 14-17, Hilton & Convention Center, Minneapolis, MN. 2013 October 20-24, Hyatt & Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, AZ.
Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC www.trb.org/AnnualMeeting2012/ AnnualMeeting2012.aspx

See the events calendar at www.concreteinternational.com for more listings
For additional information, contact:

Event Services, ACI, P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094 Telephone: (248) 848-3795 E-mail: conventions@concrete.org
74
Whats
New
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (versions available in inch-pound units, metric, Spanish (metric), and Spanish (inch-pound units)
The Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (Code) covers the materials, design, and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures. The Code also covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures.
Format Inch-pound Metric (book) Spanish (metric) CD-ROM
Whats
Coming
Winter 2011
Guide to a Simplied Design for Reinforced Concrete Buildings ACI 314R-11
Order Code 31811.CI 318M11.CI 318S11CD.CI
Price
$192.50 (ACI members $116)
Spanish (inch-pound) 318SUS11CD.CI CD-ROM
Guide for Design of Post-Tensioned Buildings (published by the Post-Tensioning Institute, 2011)
This guide provides basic knowledge about post-tensioning design and construction and is primarily intended for design professionals but also for others involved with the design and construction of post-tensioned concrete buildings. Included is information on typical posttensioned oor systems, proper design and detailing for constructibility and to minimize restrain to shortening due to stiff vertical elements, lateral load considerations, preliminary design tables for estimation of material quantities, structural observation, and eld inspection. Order Code: GDPTB.CI Pages: 73 Price: $75 (no discount on industry publications)
Test Concrete Slabs, Footings, Pavements, Walls, Tunnel Linings. How Thick? Defect Free? ACT TO FIND OUT!
75
Bookshelf
Publications Order Form
No./Item/Price* ____ 31811.CI $192.50
($116.00 ACI members)
Please feel free to copy this form ACI, Member/Customer Services, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, USA Phone: 248-848-3800; Fax: 248-848-3801; Web: www.concrete.org No./Item/Price* ____ 318M11.CI $192.50
No./Item/Price* ____ 318S11CD.CI $192.50

____ 318SUS11CD.CI $192.50

____ GDPTB.CI $75.00

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76

T
he Concrete International Concrete Product Guide is provided to help contractors and design professionals find manufacturers of products used in concrete construction. Main headings indicate general product categories (for example, Admixtures), and subheadings indicate specific product types (for example, Water Reducers). Contact information for companies listed under subheadings can be found in the Company Directory starting on p. 91, allowing readers to obtain detailed product information. For instant reference, weve highlighted this issues advertisers in red. Please note: an expanded, fully searchable guide with links to supplier Web sites is online at www.concreteinternational.com.
ADMIXTURES
Accelerating: ASTM C494, Type C
Aquron Corporation International BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. CHRYSO, Inc. Dur-A-Flex, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation Vexcon Chemicals, Inc.
The Euclid Chemical Co. Grace Construction Products Headwaters Resources International Admixtures, Inc. Kryton International Inc. Sika Corporation
High-range, water-reducing and retarding: ASTM C494, Type G

CHRYSO, Inc. Cortec Corp The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Retarding: ASTM C494, Type B

BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Color pigment: ASTM C979, synthetic mineral-oxide pigments or colored water-reducing admixtures; color-stable, nonfading, and resistant to lime and other alkalis
BASF Construction Chemicals Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Chaotic Pigments Construcolor USA, Ltd. Davis Colors Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Dynamic Color Solutions, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Grace Construction Products Interstar Materials, Inc. L. M. Scoeld Company LANXESS Corp. Proline Concrete Tools Quikrete STARDEK
Mineral llers
Black Lab LLC Cementec Industries Inc. Headwaters Resources Norchem, Inc. U.S. Silica Co. Vitro Minerals
Set-accelerating corrosioninhibiting
Aquron Corporation International BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Air-entraining: ASTM C260

BASF Construction Chemicals Cal-Cert Company CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Non-set-accelerating corrosion-inhibiting
BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. Cortec Corp. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc.
Shrinkage-reducing
Aquron Corporation International Barrier-1, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals Cementec Industries Inc. CHRYSO, Inc. Duraber Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fritz-Pak Corp. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. MAPEI Nycon Corp. Sika Corporation
ASR-inhibiting
Barrier-1, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc.
Permeability-reducing
Aquron Corporation International Barrier-1, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Gemite Products Inc. Headwaters Resources Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak Vitro Minerals Xypex Chemical Corp.
High-range, water-reducing: ASTM C494, Type F

BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Check out the Concrete Knowledge Center at www.concrete.org
Specialty
Barrier-1, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd.
Companies indicated in red are advertisers in this issue of CONcRETE INTERNaTiONaL.

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The Euclid Chemical Co. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products Kryton International Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation Carolina Stalite Company Chase Construction Products Elite Crete Lafarge Northeast Solite Corp. Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement SYNTHEON Elemix Concrete Additive Votorantim Cement North America Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. SpecChem, LLC Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. Wagman Metal Products Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Epoxy-modied cementitious bonding and anti-corrosion

AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Cortec Corp Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products International Coatings, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Sika Corporation STARDEK W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Viscosity-modifying
BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. Cortec Corp The Euclid Chemical Co. Fritz-Pak Corp. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products Sika Corporation
Membrane-forming
Silica sand
Water-reducing: ASTM C494, Type A

BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. L. M. Scoeld Company RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Black Lab LLC CEMEX Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK U.S. Silica Co. Votorantim Cement North America
Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc.
BONDING AGENTS
Copolymer emulsions
BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products Kaufman Products, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc.
ANCHORS
Water-reducing and retarding: ASTM C494, Type D

BASF Construction Chemicals CHRYSO, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Fritz-Pak Corp. Grace Construction Products International Admixtures, Inc. L. M. Scoeld Company RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Sika Corporation
Adhesives Technology Corp. Dayton Superior GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Hilti, Inc. Hohman & Barnard, Inc. ITW Red Head, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Powers Fasteners, Inc. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Post-installed (adhesive)
Latex bonding agent
Epoxy bonding agent
Post-installed (expansion)
AGGREGATES
Architectural
Black Lab LLC CEMEX Chase Construction Products Elite Crete Votorantim Cement North America
GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Hilti, Inc. Hohman & Barnard, Inc. ITW Red Head, Inc. Meadow Burke Products Powers Fasteners, Inc. Prime Source Building Products SpecChem, LLC Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Colored
Black Lab LLC CEMEX Elite Crete Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Vitro Minerals Votorantim Cement North America
Preinstalled
CONAC, Concrete Accessories, Inc. Decon USA, Inc. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Meadow Burke Products Powers Fasteners, Inc. Williams Form Engineering Corp.
BONDBREAKERS
Lightweight
Black Lab LLC
Chemically reactive
Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior
Adhesives Technology Corp. Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Chase Construction Products ChemCo Systems ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Grace Construction Products International Coatings, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC STARDEK Transpo Industries, Inc. Versatile Building Products, Inc.
BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Grace Construction Products Kaufman Products, Inc. Larsen Products Corp. L&M Construction Chemicals Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. Wall Firma, Inc.
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
Blended hydraulic cement

Ash Grove Cement Company Black Lab LLC
Find expanded article content at www.concrete international.com
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CEMEX ChemMasters, Inc. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete Hacker Industries, Inc. Holcim (US) Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Lafarge MAPEI Quikrete Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement SpecChem, LLC Votorantim Cement North America W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Quikrete
Portland cement
Fly ash (Type F)
Ash Grove Cement Company Black Lab LLC Boral Material Technologies, Inc. CEMEX Headwaters Resources Lafarge Quikrete Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement Separation Technologies LLC
Metakaolin and white pozzolans

Advanced Cement Technologies Black Lab LLC Burgess Pigment Co. Grace Construction Products Lafarge Quikrete Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement Vitro Minerals
Ash Grove Cement Company Black Lab LLC CEMEX Elite Crete Federal White Cement Hacker Industries, Inc. Holcim (US) Inc. Lafarge Quikrete Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement Suwannee American Cement, LLC Votorantim Cement North America
Headwaters Resources Lafarge Norchem, Inc. Quikrete Sika Corporation
Slag cement
Ash Grove Cement Company Holcim (US) Inc. Lafarge Quikrete Votorantim Cement North America
Specialty cements
Black Lab LLC CEMEX CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Damtite Waterproong Elite Crete Hacker Industries, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Lafarge Quikrete Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement
Silica fume
Advanced Cement Technologies BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC Cementec Industries Inc. CHRYSO, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Grace Construction Products
Fly ash (Type C)

Ash Grove Cement Company Black Lab LLC Boral Material Technologies, Inc. CEMEX Headwaters Resources Holcim (US) Inc. Lafarge
eLearning
Now Available:
Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) Fundamentals 0.2 CEU or (2 PDH), $80 nonmembers, $64 members CLSM (also known as owable ll) is a self-consolidating, cementitious material used primarily as backll in place of compacted ll. This course covers the basics of CLSM technology, including materials used to produce CLSM; plastic and in-service properties; proportioning, mixing, transporting, and placing; quality control; and common applications.
Coming Soon:
Concrete Sustainability: Basics This course provides an introduction to the subject of sustainability, with a special emphasis on the concrete industry. Participants will study common denitions of sustainability, identify greenwashing in the marketplace, understand the three pillars of sustainability, and identify strategies for the integration of concrete in sustainable development. Concrete Sustainability: Incorporating Environmental, Social, and Economic Aspects This course provides an in-depth study of topics related to the environmental, social, and economic impacts of using concrete in sustainable development. Topics include the use of industrial by-products, thermal mass, storm-water management, longevity, and heat-island effect, among several others.
Visit our Web site: ACIeLearning.org

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STARDEK Votorantim Cement North America Wall Firma, Inc. Doka International ENERCALC, Inc. Hilti, Inc. Interactive Design Systems (IDS) MIDASoft Inc. Powers Fasteners, Inc. RISA Technologies Sensors and Software, Inc. STRUCTUREPOINT Tekla GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. King Packaged Materials Co. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. SpecChem, LLC Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Building information modeling (BIM)
ADAPT Corp. Bentley Systems, Inc. Computers & Structures, Inc. GDB Software, Inc. MIDASoft Inc. RJ Lee Group Tekla WinEstimator, Inc.
Dont forget to order your ACI 2012 Manual of Concrete Practice at www.concrete.org
CURING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Absorptive cover (e.g., burlap)
Atlas Construction Supply Gerdau Raven IndustriesEngineered Films
Estimating
Bentley Systems, Inc. Elite Crete Foundation Software, Inc. GDB Software, Inc. MIDASoft Inc. STARDEK Tekla Vertigraph Inc. Takeoff and Estimating Software WinEstimator, Inc.
Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. SpecChem, LLC STARDEK Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Evaporation retarders (monomolecular lm)

AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bon Tool Cementec Industries Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Dayton Superior The Euclid Chemical Co. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Interstar Materials, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Nox-Crete Products Group Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Colored curing compounds

BASF Construction Chemicals Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Davis Colors Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company SpecChem, LLC W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Curing compounds (solvent-based)

AP/M Permaform Artcrete, Inc. Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. CHRYSO, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Marshalltown Company Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group SpecChem, LLC STARDEK W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Management
Bentley Systems, Inc. Foundation Software, Inc. Marcotte Systems, Ltd. Payroll4Construction Tekla
Mixture proportioning
BASF Construction Chemicals BMH Systems Elite Crete Logicsphere Limited Marcotte Systems, Ltd. RexCon Spectra QEST
Cure-and-seal compounds
AP/M Permaform Aquron Corporation International Artcrete, Inc. Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Cementec Industries Inc. Chase Construction Products ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp Davis Colors Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company
Foggers
Allen Engineering Corporation FORNEY LP
QA/QC
Ground heaters
Powerblanket Wacker Neuson Corporation
Allen Face & Company LLC Bentley Systems, Inc. Marcotte Systems, Ltd. MIDASoft Inc. Pile Dynamics Inc. RexCon Spectra QEST U.S. Silica Co. Ytterberg Scientic Inc.
Curing compounds (water-based)

Aquron Corporation International Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bon Tool Cementec Industries Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. CHRYSO, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Davis Colors Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc.
Internal curing agents

Cementec Industries Inc. Northeast Solite Corp.
Moisture retaining-cover (burlap-, cellulose-, or synthetic-polyethylene sheet)

Atlas Construction Supply GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring PNA Construction Technologies Inc. Reef Industries Sika Greenstreak
Structural design
ADAPT Corp. Bekaert Bentley Systems, Inc. Computers & Structures, Inc. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Decon USA Inc. Dimensional Solutions, Inc.
Moisture retaining-cover (waterproof paper)

Atlas Construction Supply
80

Weather meters
Kestrel Pocket Weather Meters Test Mark Industries, Inc. FORNEY LP Hilti, Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Husqvarna Construction Products Milwaukee Electric Tool Prime Source Building Products Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. DeWALT Elite Crete Grand Master Tools Hilti, Inc. HTC, Inc. Metabo Milwaukee Electric Tool Pengineer AS SMITH Manufacturing WerkMaster General Equipment Company HTC, Inc. Oztec Industries, Inc. Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. SMITH Manufacturing WerkMaster
CUTTING, CHIPPING, AND GRINDING EQUIPMENT

Chipping hammers
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC Concut, Inc. DeWALT Elite Crete Grand Master Tools Hilti, Inc. Metabo Milwaukee Electric Tool Wacker Neuson Corporation
Coring drills
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC Concut, Inc. Diamond Products Ltd. Elite Crete E-Z Drill FORNEY LP Hilti, Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Husqvarna Construction Products Metabo Milwaukee Electric Tool Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc.
Hydrodemolition and water-jetting equipment

Aqua Blast Corp. NLB Corp. Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. Sioux Corporation
Grinding and grooving machines (ride-on)

Concut, Inc. Diamond Products Ltd. HTC, Inc. Pengineer AS SMITH Manufacturing
Rivet busters
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC Concut, Inc.
Bushhammers
Bon Tool
Coring bits
Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd. Elite Crete
Grinding and grooving machines (walk-behind)

Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc.
Rotary hammer drills

Concut, Inc. DeWALT Elite Crete Hilti, Inc. MAX USA
Grinding and grooving machines (handheld)

Concut, Inc.
ACI Resources for Contractors and Craftsmen

Contractors Guide to Quality Concrete Construction, now available in text and audiobook versions. Spanish text version coming soon! Order Code: ASCC105.CI (Text format) ASCC105CD.CI (CD format) ASCC105MP3.CI (MP3 format) Price: $68.50 (ACI members $38.00) Format: Text, 6-CD set, or MP3 (Both audio formats include a 75-page printed book of photos, figures, tables, and checklists) Spanish text version available now! The best-selling Contractors Guide to Quality Concrete Construction is now available in CD and MP3 audio formats. Educate yourself or your employees on quality concrete construction techniques and practices while waiting in a vehicle, traveling to and from work, or running between projects. Concrete Craftsman Series 1Slabs-on-Ground Order Code: CCS110.CI Price: $35.00 (ACI members $21.00) This primary reference for the ACI Concrete Flatwork Finisher and Technician Certification programs was completely revised and rewritten in 2010. The third edition includes more of the up-to-date information that concrete craftsmen need to know to produce quality flatwork.
Spanish text version coming soon!
Order today! www.concrete.org 248-848-3800

81

Milwaukee Electric Tool Prime Source Building Products Wacker Neuson Corporation
Scabblers
Saw blades
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Gerdau Grand Master Tools Hilti, Inc. Husqvarna Construction Products Milwaukee Electric Tool PNA Construction Technologies Inc. Prime Source Building Products Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. STARDEK Wacker Neuson Corporation
Concut, Inc. General Equipment Company Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. SMITH Manufacturing
Marshalltown Company Proline Concrete Tools Scott System Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK
Scarifying machines
Platform stamps
Atlas Construction Supply Buttereld Color, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. L. M. Scoeld Company The Sherwin Williams Co.
Maccaferri, Inc. Nycon Corp. Optimet Concrete Products, Inc. Propex Concrete Systems Quikrete Sika Corporation
Concut, Inc. Elite Crete General Equipment Company Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. SMITH Manufacturing WerkMaster
Cellulose ber
Black Lab LLC Duraber Inc. Elite Crete Maccaferri, Inc.
Shotblasting equipment
DeWALT Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc.
Sandblast engraving machines

Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc.
Specialty ber (carbon, glass, aramid)
DECORATIVE CONCRETE MATERIALS AND TOOLS

Brushes/brooms
Atlas Construction Supply Bon Tool DeWALT Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Gerdau Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company NewLook International, Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc., The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Stencils
Artcrete, Inc. Atlas Construction Supply Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau Marshalltown Company NewLook International, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK WerkMaster
Saws (handheld)
Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd. Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Gerdau Hilti, Inc. Husqvarna Construction Products Milwaukee Electric Tool Prime Source Building Products Wacker Neuson Corporation
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC Chomarat North America Duraber Inc. Elite Crete FORTIUS Fortress Stabilization Systems Gemite Products Inc. Hughes Brothers Inc. MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Nycon Corp. PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. Quikrete STRUCTURAL
Steel ber
Texture mats or skins

Artcrete, Inc. Atlas Construction Supply Bomanite Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Custom Rock Formliner Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fitzgerald Formliners Gerdau Kraft Tool Co. L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company Proline Concrete Tools Scott System Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Sustainable Paving Systems, LLC
Saws (ride-on)
Concut, Inc. Diamond Products Ltd. Husqvarna Construction Products
Diamond engraving machines

Concut, Inc. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. STARDEK
Saws (table)
Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd.
Hand engraving tools

DeWALT Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Gerdau Kraft Tool Co. Proline Concrete Tools STARDEK
Saws (walk-behind)
Concut, Inc. General Equipment Company Grand Master Tools Hilti, Inc. Husqvarna Construction Products Marshalltown Company PNA Construction Technologies Inc. Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. Wacker Neuson Corporation
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC BASF Construction Chemicals Bekaert Duraber Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTIUS Maccaferri, Inc. MAPEI Nycon Corp. Optimet Concrete Products, Inc. PNA Construction Technologies Inc. Propex Concrete Systems Quikrete Sika Corporation STRUCTURAL
Synthetic ber (brillated)

ABC Polymer Industries, LLC BASF Construction Chemicals Bekaert Black Lab LLC CHRYSO, Inc. Duraber Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTA Corporation FORTIUS Grace Construction Products Interstar Materials, Inc. Nycon Corp. Propex Concrete Systems
Pattern or texture rollers

Artcrete, Inc. Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fitzgerald Formliners Gerdau Kraft Tool Co.
FIBER REINFORCEMENT
Blended ber systems (synthetic/steel)
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC CHRYSO, Inc. CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Duraber Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTIUS
Saws (wall-mounted)
Concut, Inc. DeWALT Diamond Products Ltd. Husqvarna Construction Products
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Quikrete Sika Corporation Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Cortec Corp Duckback Products Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Glaze N Seal Products H&C Decorative Concrete Products Interstar Materials, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group Proline Concrete Tools Quikrete RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. SEK Surebond Corporation The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Super-Krete International United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Quikrete SEK Surebond Corporation The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC STARDEK United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Synthetic ber (macropolymeric)
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC BASF Construction Chemicals Bekaert Black Lab LLC CHRYSO, Inc. Duraber Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTA Corporation FORTIUS Grace Construction Products Nycon Corp. Optimet Concrete Products, Inc. Propex Concrete Systems Sika Corporation
Cementitious overlayments
Arizona Polymer Flooring Artcrete, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Century Stone, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products Hacker Industries, Inc. HTC, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Kryton International Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company MAPEI Marshalltown Company Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SkimStone/Rudd Company, Inc. SpecChem, LLC STARDEK Super-Krete International Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc.
Coatings (urethane)
Andek Corporation Arizona Polymer Flooring Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Cortec Corp Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products International Coatings, Inc. Interstar Materials, Inc. Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group Pacic Polymer Proline Concrete Tools The Sherwin Williams Co. SkimStone/Rudd Company, Inc. STARDEK Super-Krete International United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Synthetic ber (monolament)
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC BASF Construction Chemicals Bekaert Black Lab LLC CHRYSO, Inc. Cortec Corp Duraber Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTA Corporation FORTIUS Grace Construction Products Hohman & Barnard, Inc. Interstar Materials, Inc. Maccaferri, Inc. Nycon Corp. Propex Concrete Systems Quikrete Sika Corporation
Coatings (epoxy)
FLOOR AND SLAB TREATMENTS

Acid stains
Arizona Polymer Flooring Artcrete, Inc. Bomanite Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company Proline Concrete Tools
Coatings (acrylic)
Andek Corporation Arizona Polymer Flooring Artcrete, Inc. BASF Construction Chemicals Century Stone, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd.
Andek Corporation Arizona Polymer Flooring Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC ChemCo Systems ChemMasters, Inc. Cortec Corp Dayton Superior Duckback Products Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Fortress Stabilization Systems Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products International Coatings, Inc. Interstar Materials, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group Pacic Polymer
Dry shake (emery or metallic)

Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC Bomanite ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Marshalltown Company Proline Concrete Tools

83

SpecChem, LLC STARDEK W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Durajoint Concrete Accessories Elite Crete Fortress Stabilization Systems Gerdau Quikrete Sika Greenstreak W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC STARDEK United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Interstar Materials, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company Proline Concrete Tools SpecChem, LLC
Floor topping (emery or iron aggregate)

Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. International Coatings, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals SpecChem, LLC STRUCTURAL W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Penetrating oor hardener (reactive)

American Decorative Concrete Andek Corporation Aquron Corporation International Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Dayton Superior The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Polymer stains
American Decorative Concrete Buttereld Color, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group The Sherwin Williams Co. United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Penetrating sealers (siloxanes)

American Decorative Concrete Andek Corporation Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite Cementec Industries Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Glaze N Seal Products H&C Decorative Concrete Products Interstar Materials, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International Versatile Building Products, Inc. Wall Firma, Inc.
Adhesives Technology Corp. Andek Corporation Arizona Polymer Flooring Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals ChemCo Systems Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gerdau International Coatings, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Metzger/McGuire Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Niagara Protective Coatings Nox-Crete Products Group Pacic Polymer Roadware Incorporated The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC STARDEK Transpo Industries Inc. Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Joint ller (semi-rigid; epoxy or polyurea)
Slip-resistive aluminum granule

Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete L&M Construction Chemicals Nox-Crete Products Group Vexcon Chemicals, Inc.
Slip-resistive emery aggregate

Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. L&M Construction Chemicals NewLook International, Inc. Proline Concrete Tools The Sherwin Williams Co.
Penetrating sealers (silanes)

American Decorative Concrete Aquron Corporation International Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC Bomanite ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp Dayton Superior Dur-A-Flex, Inc. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products Interstar Materials, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals MAPEI Miracote by Crosseld Products
Solvent-based dyes
American Decorative Concrete Arizona Polymer Flooring Bomanite Clemons Concrete Coatings Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. H&C Decorative Concrete Products HTC, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company Nox-Crete Products Group Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Versatile Building Products, Inc.
Pigmented mineral dry shake

Artcrete, Inc. Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau
Joint ller strips (isolation or expansion joints)

Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Dayton Superior
Tinted sealers
American Decorative Concrete
84

BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Duckback Products Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau L. M. Scoeld Company Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. STARDEK United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. Pengineer AS Proline Concrete Tools Quikrete Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Super-Krete International United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. WerkMaster EFCO Corp. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Wadco Industries, Inc. Form Products
Form release agents
Flying forms
Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. Meva Formwork Systems Inc. Olympic Panel Products, LLC PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Titan Formwork Systems Wadco Industries, Inc.
Waxes
Clemons Concrete Coatings Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Glaze N Seal Products Interstar Materials, Inc. SkimStone/Rudd Company, Inc. Versatile Building Products, Inc.
Footing forms
AMICO Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Doka International IntegraSpec ICF Meva Formwork Systems Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. The Plastiform Company Wadco Industries, Inc.
Unpigmented mineral dry shake

BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals SpecChem, LLC
FORM MATERIALS AND RELEASE AGENTS

Chamfer strips
Atlas Construction Supply BoMetals, Inc. Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Doka International Durajoint Concrete Accessories EFCO Corp. Fitzgerald Formliners GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Helser Industries PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Prime Source Building Products Sika Greenstreak Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products Wadco Industries, Inc.
Form hardware
Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Prime Source Building Products RJD Industries, Inc. Wadco Industries, Inc. Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Concrete Forms Services Cortec Corp Dayton Superior Doka International Durajoint Concrete Accessories EFCO Corp. Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Grace Construction Products Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals Nox-Crete Products Group PERI Formwork Systems Inc. RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. Scott System Inc. Sika Greenstreak Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Form sheathing
Water-based stains
American Decorative Concrete Arizona Polymer Flooring Bomanite Bon Tool Buttereld Color, Inc. Clemons Concrete Coatings Construcolor USA, Ltd. Duckback Products Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau H&C Decorative Concrete Products Interstar Materials, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals L. M. Scoeld Company Marshalltown Company Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group
Dayton Superior Doka International Elite Crete GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Olympic Panel Products, LLC PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products
Climbing forms
Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Meva Formwork Systems Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Wadco Industries, Inc.
Form liners
AFTEC LLC Atlas Construction Supply Buttereld Color, Inc. Custom Rock Formliner Dayton Superior Doka International Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fitzgerald Formliners GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Proline Concrete Tools Scott System Inc. Sika Greenstreak Sylvan Architectural Concrete
Form ties
Cylindrical columns and pedestals (metal, glass ber-reinforced plastic, paper, or ber tubes)
AMICO Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Doka International
Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. Elite Crete FORTIUS GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Meva Formwork Systems Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Prime Source Building Products Pultrall, Inc. RJD Industries, Inc. Wadco Industries, Inc. Williams Form Engineering Corp.

85

Gang forms
Shoring Gerdau IntegraSpec ICF Meva Formwork Systems Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Titan Formwork Systems Wadco Industries, Inc. Dayton Superior Doka International Fitzgerald Formliners Helser Industries Sustainable Paving Systems, LLC
Diamond polishing disks

Concut, Inc. Elite Crete General Equipment Company Husqvarna Construction Products Metabo Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. Wagman Metal Products Inc.
AFTEC LLC AMICO Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Helser Industries Meva Formwork Systems Inc. Olympic Panel Products, LLC PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Titan Formwork Systems Wadco Industries, Inc.
Wall forms
AFTEC LLC AMICO Atlas Construction Supply Custom Rock Formliner Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. Etobicoke Ironworks Limited GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Helser Industries IntegraSpec ICF Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Meva Formwork Systems Inc. Olympic Panel Products, LLC PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products Wadco Industries, Inc. Worldtech Coatings
Specialty forms
AFTEC LLC Allen Face & Company LLC AMICO Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Forms Services Custom Rock Formliner Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Helser Industries IntegraSpec ICF LiteForm Technologies Metal Forms Corp. Olympic Panel Products, LLC PERI Formwork Systems Inc. The Plastiform Company Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products Wadco Industries, Inc. Worldtech Coatings
Edgers and groovers

Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. STARDEK Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Insulating concrete forms (ICFs)

Amvic Building System Elite Crete IntegraSpec ICF LiteForm Technologies Quad-Lock Building Systems
Floats
Airplaco Equipment Bon Tool Gerdau Gunite Supply Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Pan-type forms
Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Doka International Titan Formwork Systems
Rustication strips
Atlas Construction Supply Custom Rock Formliner Dayton Superior Doka International GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Helser Industries Scott System Inc. Sika Greenstreak Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products
Stay-in-place forms (FRP or steel)

AMICO BoMetals, Inc. Dayton Superior Doka International GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products Wadco Industries, Inc.
PLACING AND FINISHING EQUIPMENT

Chutes and chute liners
BMH Systems Bon Tool Concrete Forms Services Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company Mixer Systems, Inc. Schwing America, Inc. Sika Greenstreak
Mixers (countercurrent)
BMH Systems Elite Crete Mixer Systems, Inc. Scale-tron Inc. Schwing America, Inc.
Mixers (drum/central mix)

BMH Systems Elite Crete Marshalltown Company RexCon Schwing America, Inc. STARDEK
Scaffolding
Concrete buckets
Atlas Construction Supply BMH Systems Elite Crete GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring
Dayton Superior Doka International GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Meva Formwork Systems Inc. PERI Formwork Systems Inc. Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products Titan Formwork Systems Wadco Industries, Inc.
Mixers (hand)
BN Products USA-LLC Chem Grout, Inc. Elite Crete Kraft Tool Co. STARDEK
Textured forms
AFTEC LLC Bomanite Buttereld Color, Inc. Custom Rock Formliner Doka International Elite Crete GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products
Concrete pumps
Airplaco Equipment Blastcrete Equipment Company BMH Systems Gunite Supply REED Concrete Pumps & Gunite Machines Schwing America, Inc.
Mixers (pan)
Blastcrete Equipment Company BMH Systems Elite Crete Mixer Systems, Inc. REED Concrete Pumps & Gunite Machines RexCon Scale-tron Inc.
Shoring
Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Doka International EFCO Corp. Etobicoke Ironworks Limited GAMCO Concrete Forms and
Void forms
AMICO Atlas Construction Supply Bomanite BoMetals, Inc.
Conveyors
BMH Systems Mixer Systems, Inc. RexCon
Mixers (ribbon/volumetric)
Elite Crete
86

Mixer Systems, Inc. Scale-tron Inc.
Trowels (ride-on)
Allen Engineering Corporation Wacker Neuson Corporation Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Carbon ber grid

Chomarat North America FORTIUS Fortress Stabilization Systems Gemite Products Inc. Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc.
Mixers (slurry)
BMH Systems Chem Grout, Inc. Mixer Systems, Inc.
Engineered Wire Products, Inc. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Trowels (walk-behind)
Allen Engineering Corporation Marshalltown Company Wacker Neuson Corporation Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Glass ber-reinforced polymer bars
Mixers (twin shaft)

BMH Systems BN Products USA-LLC Mixer Systems, Inc. RexCon Scale-tron Inc.
Carbon ber-reinforced polymer bars

Concrete Protection Products, Inc. FORTIUS Fortress Stabilization Systems Gemite Products Inc. Hughes Brothers Inc. Pultrall, Inc. Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc.
Vibrators (external)
Atlas Construction Supply BMH Systems Denver Concrete Vibrator Gerdau RexCon VIBCO Vibrators Wacker Neuson Corporation
Concrete Protection Products, Inc. FORTIUS Hughes Brothers Inc. Pultrall, Inc. RJD Industries, Inc. Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc.
Polishing equipment
Concut, Inc. DeWALT General Equipment Company HTC, Inc. Husqvarna Construction Products Pengineer AS Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. The Sherwin Williams Co. Wagman Metal Products Inc.
High-strength steel reinforcing bars

Gerdau Prime Source Building Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars

Atlas Construction Supply FORTIUS Gerdau Headed Reinforcement Corp. Meadow Burke Products Prime Source Building Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Vibrators (internal)
Allen Engineering Corporation Atlas Construction Supply BMH Systems Denver Concrete Vibrator GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Marshalltown Company Oztec Industries, Inc. VIBCO Vibrators Wacker Neuson Corporation
Joint dowel alignment systems

Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior Gerdau Meadow Burke Products Sika Greenstreak
Screeds (hand)
Airplaco Equipment Allen Engineering Corporation Allen Face & Company LLC Bon Tool EZ Screed Tools, LLC Gunite Supply Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Epoxy-coated welded-wire reinforcement

Atlas Construction Supply Engineered Wire Products, Inc. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Prime Source Building Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Joint dowel bars (round)
REINFORCEMENT, ACCESSORIES, AND EQUIPMENT
Bar supports, spacers, and fasteners

Atlas Construction Supply CONAC, Concrete Accessories, Inc Dayton Superior Decon USA Inc. Durajoint Concrete Accessories FORTIUS GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau IntegraSpec ICF Kodi Klip Corporation Meadow Burke Products Prime Source Building Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Protection Products, Inc. Dayton Superior FORTIUS Gerdau Meadow Burke Products PNA Construction Technologies Inc.
Screeds (power)
Allen Engineering Corporation Bunyan Industries Lura Enterprises Marshalltown Company Metal Forms Corp. Wacker Neuson Corporation
Fiber-reinforced polymer joint dowel bars (round)

Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Protection Products, Inc. FORTIUS Gerdau Hughes Brothers Inc. Pultrall, Inc. RJD Industries, Inc. Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc.
Joint dowel bars (square or plate)
Dayton Superior Meadow Burke Products PNA Construction Technologies Inc. Sika Greenstreak
Mechanical end anchors
Tremies
BMH Systems
Trowels (handheld)
Airplaco Equipment Atlas Construction Supply Bon Tool Elite Crete Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. Gerdau Gunite Supply Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. Kraft Tool Co. Marshalltown Company The Sherwin Williams Co. STARDEK Wagman Metal Products Inc.
Fiber-reinforced polymer sheets

Fortress Stabilization Systems PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc. VSL/VSTRUCTURAL
Atlas Construction Supply Dayton Superior ERICO Headed Reinforcement Corp. Meadow Burke Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Post-tensioning jacks
Bending and cutting tools

BN Products USA-LLC DeWALT Fascut Industries Inc. Gerdau Marshalltown Company MAX USA Prime Source Building Products Rod Chomper, Inc, Wacker Neuson Corporation
Galvanized steel reinforcing bars

Atlas Construction Supply Headed Reinforcement Corp. Meadow Burke Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
AMSYSCO, Inc. VSL/VSTRUCTURAL Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Post-tensioning reinforcement and accessories

AMSYSCO, Inc. Dayton Superior Durajoint Concrete Accessories Hughes Brothers Inc. Meadow Burke Products Prime Source Building Products
Galvanized steel weldedwire reinforcement

Atlas Construction Supply

87

VSL/VSTRUCTURAL Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Stressing jacks
Prestressing strand
AMSYSCO, Inc. Pultrall, Inc. Williams Form Engineering Corp.
AMSYSCO, Inc. Meadow Burke Products VSL/VSTRUCTURAL Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Ties
Punching shear reinforcing systems

Dayton Superior Decon USA Inc. ERICO Fascut Industries Inc. Fortress Stabilization Systems Headed Reinforcement Corp. VSL/VSTRUCTURAL
Reinforcement splicing systems

Dayton Superior ERICO Fortress Stabilization Systems Gerdau Headed Reinforcement Corp. Meadow Burke Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Atlas Construction Supply Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Durajoint Concrete Accessories Gerdau Hohman & Barnard, Inc. MAX USA Prime Source Building Products Wacker Neuson Corporation Wadco Industries, Inc. Williams Form Engineering Corp.
King Packaged Materials Co. L&M Construction Chemicals MAPEI Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc.
Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak SpecChem, LLC Transpo Industries Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Patching mortar
Adhesives Technology Corp. AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC ChemMasters, Inc. Cortec Corp CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. International Coatings, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. Kryton International Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals MAPEI Metzger/McGuire Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete Roadware Incorporated The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International Transpo Industries Inc. Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc. Xypex Chemical Corp.
Corrosion-inhibiting treatment materials

Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Chase Construction Products Cortec Corp Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTIUS Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Kryton International Inc. MAPEI Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Wire tying tools
Specialty reinforcement
AMSYSCO, Inc. Chomarat North America Concrete Protection Products, Inc. Dayton Superior Decon USA Inc. FORTIUS Headed Reinforcement Corp. Hughes Brothers Inc. Optimet Concrete Products, Inc. VSL/VSTRUCTURAL Williams Form Engineering Corp.
BN Products USA-LLC Concrete Forms Services Dayton Superior Gerdau Kraft Tool Co. MAX USA Prime Source Building Products Wacker Neuson Corporation
REPAIR MATERIALS
The Euclid Chemical Co. Kryton International Inc.
ASR expansion reducer
Cathodic protection systems
Stainless steel-clad reinforcing bars

Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Chase Construction Products Cortec Corp The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTIUS Norton Corrosion Limited Sika Corporation Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc.
Epoxy adhesive (crack injection): ASTM C881/ C881M

Adhesives Technology Corp. Andek Corporation AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals ChemCo Systems ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. FORTIUS Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Hilti, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Pacic Polymer PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. Prime Source Building Products Quikrete Roadware Incorporated The Sherwin Williams Co.
Stainless steel reinforcing bars

Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Cementitious patching mortar: packaged, dry mix complying with ASTM C928
AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Cortec Corp Crosseld Products Corp. CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc.
Polymer sealer: low-viscosity epoxy or high-molecularweight methacrylate

Adhesives Technology Corp. Andek Corporation Arizona Polymer Flooring Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. MAPEI Nox-Crete Products Group The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC
Steel-reinforced polymers
VSL/VSTRUCTURAL
Steel reinforcing bars

Gerdau Headed Reinforcement Corp. Prime Source Building Products Williams Form Engineering Corp.
Steel welded-wire reinforcement

Dayton Superior Engineered Wire Products, Inc. GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Gerdau Prime Source Building Products
88

Transpo Industries Inc. United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. Germann Instruments Inc. Hilti, Inc. Sensors and Software, Inc. US Radar Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc. FORTIUS Hughes Brothers Inc. Thermomass
Polymer (modied, cementitious mortar)
Bond testing
Cal-Cert Company ChemCo Systems DeFelsko Corporation FORNEY LP Germann Instruments Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Proceq USA, Inc.
Reinforcing bar locators

Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP Germann Instruments Inc. Mala Geoscience USA, Inc. Proceq USA, Inc. Sensors and Software, Inc. Test Mark Industries, Inc.
Thermal breaks
IntegraSpec ICF
AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Buttereld Color, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Kaufman Products, Inc. King Packaged Materials Co. Kryton International Inc. MAPEI Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc.
Waterproof membranes
Andek Corporation Aquron Corporation International Chase Construction Products ChemMasters, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Grace Construction Products Hohman & Barnard, Inc. Kryton International Inc. MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. Pacic Polymer PileMedic by QuakeWrap, Inc. Prime Source Building Products Raven IndustriesEngineered Films The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak United Coatings Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Cyclical load testing

Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP VSL/VSTRUCTURAL
Testing materials
Floor atness
Allen Engineering Corporation Allen Face & Company LLC Cal-Cert Company HTC, Inc. Ytterberg Scientic Inc.
Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP Humboldt Mfg. Co. Instron Test Mark Industries, Inc. Wagner Meters
Universal testing machines

Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP Humboldt Mfg. Co. Instron
Floor moisture-vapor emission rate

Cal-Cert Company Elite Crete Humboldt Mfg. Co. Test Mark Industries, Inc.
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

Drainage board
Amvic Building System Dow Building Solutions Gerdau Grace Construction Products Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Thermomass W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Floor relative humidity (in-place)

Elite Crete Germann Instruments Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Proceq USA, Inc. Wagner Meters
Polymer (modied, cementitious mortar plus silica fume)
Fresh concrete testing

Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP Germann Instruments Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Test Mark Industries, Inc. Wagner Meters
Vapor retarder (bituminous)

Chase Construction Products Elite Crete Gerdau Grace Construction Products Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Prime Source Building Products W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Firestops
AP/M Permaform BASF Construction Chemicals ChemMasters, Inc. Construcolor USA, Ltd. Cortec Corp Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. King Packaged Materials Co. MAPEI Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Xypex Chemical Corp.
Andek Corporation Chase Construction Products Hilti, Inc. IntegraSpec ICF Prime Source Building Products
Maturity systems
Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP Germann Instruments Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co.
Foamed-in-place insulation
Chase Construction Products Dow Building Solutions United Coatings
Vapor retarder (plastic)

Andek Corporation Atlas Construction Supply Elite Crete Grace Construction Products Hohman & Barnard, Inc. Prime Source Building Products Raven IndustriesEngineered Films Reef Industries Stego Industries, LLC W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Rigid insulation
Nondestructive testing (NDT)

Cal-Cert Company DeFelsko Corporation FORNEY LP Germann Instruments Inc. Humboldt Mfg. Co. Inspection Instruments, Inc. Mala Geoscience USA, Inc. Olson Instruments Pile Dynamics Inc. Proceq USA, Inc. Pure Technologies Ltd.
TESTING EQUIPMENT
Anchor strength testing
Cal-Cert Company FORNEY LP
Amvic Building System Dow Building Solutions Gerdau IntegraSpec ICF LiteForm Technologies Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Prime Source Building Products Thermomass
Sandwich connectors
CHRYSO, Inc. Dayton Superior
UNDERLAYMENTS
Modied cement-based
AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply

89

BASF Construction Chemicals Bomanite ChemMasters, Inc. CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. Damtite Waterproong Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Hacker Industries, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. MAPEI NewLook International, Inc. Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Sustainable Paving Systems, LLC Versatile Building Products, Inc. W.R. MEADOWS, INC. Wall Firma, Inc. ChemMasters, Inc. Dayton Superior Elite Crete The Euclid Chemical Co. Gemite Products Inc. Hacker Industries, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc. L&M Construction Chemicals MAPEI Nox-Crete Products Group Quikrete The Sherwin Williams Co. Sika Corporation SpecChem, LLC Super-Krete International
Chemically resistant exible

BoMetals, Inc. Durajoint Concrete Accessories JP Specialties, Inc./Earth Shield Waterstop Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Sika Greenstreak
FORTIUS Fox Industries, Inc. Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak W.R. MEADOWS, INC.
Flexible PVC
Self-expanding butyl strip

Atlas Construction Supply BoMetals, Inc. Durajoint Concrete Accessories FORTIUS GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Hohman & Barnard, Inc. JP Specialties, Inc./Earth Shield Waterstop Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak
WATERSTOPS
Chemical grouts
Atlas Construction Supply ChemMasters, Inc. Damtite Waterproong FORTIUS Fox Industries, Inc. Gemite Products Inc. Gerdau Kryton International Inc. MAPEI Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems Sika Corporation
Atlas Construction Supply BoMetals, Inc. Durajoint Concrete Accessories GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Hohman & Barnard, Inc. Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products
Flexible rubber
Portland cement-based
AP/M Permaform Atlas Construction Supply BASF Construction Chemicals Black Lab LLC
Atlas Construction Supply Hohman & Barnard, Inc. JP Specialties, Inc./Earth Shield Waterstop Sika Corporation Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products
Self-expanding rubber strip

Atlas Construction Supply BoMetals, Inc. FORTIUS GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring Grace Construction Products Hohman & Barnard, Inc. Sika Corporation Sika Greenstreak
Injectable
Andek Corporation
Member Benefit
90
Visit the ACI Membership Directory

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Company Directory
A
ABC Polymer Industries, LLC 205-620-9889 www.abcpolymerindustries.com ADAPT Corp. 650-306-2400 www.adaptsoft.com Adhesives Technology Corp. 954-782-2221 www.atc.ws Advanced Cement Technologies 360-332-7060 www.metakaolin.com AFTEC LLC 801-281-2262 www.aftec.com; www.stonetreefence.com Airplaco Equipment 513-321-2950 www.airplaco.com Allen Engineering Corporation 870-236-7751 www.alleneng.com Allen Face & Company LLC 910-763-4501 www.allenface.com American Decorative Concrete 479-725-0033 www.adcsc.com AMICO 800-366-2642 www.amico-stayform.com AMSYSCO, Inc. 630-296-8383 www.amsyscoinc.com Amvic Building System 416-410-5674; 877-470-9991 www.amvicsystem.com Andek Corporation 856-786-6900 www.andek.com AP/M Permaform 800-662-6465 www.permaform.net Aqua Blast Corp. 800-338-7373 www.aquablast.com Aquron Corporation International 800-342-4649 www.aquron.com Arizona Polymer Flooring 623-435-2277 www.apfepoxy.com Artcrete, Inc. 318-379-2000 www.artcrete.com Ash Grove Cement Company 913-451-8900 www.ashgrove.com Atlas Construction Supply 858-277-2100 www.atlasform.com Atlas Copco Construction Mining Technique LLC 800-732-6762 www.atlascopco.us BASF Construction Chemicals 800-628-9990 www.buildingsystems.basf.com Bekaert 770-514-2280 www.bekaert.com/building Bentley Systems, Inc. 800-BENTLEY www.bentley.com Black Lab LLC 440-285-3189 www.blacklabcorp.com Blastcrete Equipment Company 800-235-4867 www.blastcrete.com BMH Systems 450-449-4770 www.bmhsystems.com BN Products USA-LLC 800-992-3833; 928-684-2813 www.bnproducts.com Bomanite 303-369-1115 www.bomanite.com BoMetals, Inc. 800-862-4835 www.bometals.com Bon Tool 724-443-7080 www.bontool.com Boral Material Technologies Inc. 800-292-5354 www.boralmti.com Bunyan Industries 801-255-8064 www.bunyanusa.com Burgess Pigment Co. 478-552-2544 www.burgesspigment.com Buttereld Color, Inc. 800-282-3388 www.buttereldcolor.com
C
Cal-Cert Company 800-356-4662 www.cal-cert.com Carolina Stalite Company 800-898-3772 www.stalite.com Cementec Industries Inc. 403-720-6699 www.cementec.ca CEMEX 713-650-6200 www.cemexusa.com Century Stone, Inc. 480-668-1235 www.centurystone.com Chaotic Pigments 479-270-4787 www.chaoticpigments.com Chase Construction Products 781-332-0700 www.chasecorp.com Chem Grout, Inc. 708-354-7112 www.chemgrout.com ChemCo Systems 800-757-6773 www.chemcosystems.com ChemMasters, Inc. 800-486-7866 www.chemmasters.net
B
Barrier-1, Inc. 877-224-5850 www.barrier-1.com

91
Company Directory
Chomarat North America 866-531-7604 www.carbongrid.com CHRYSO, Inc. 800-936-7553 www.chrysoinc.com Clemons Concrete Coatings 615-872-9099 www.ccc-usa.com Computers & Structures, Inc. 510-649-2200 www.csiberkeley.com CONAC, Concrete Accessories, Inc. 800-336-2598 www.conacweb.com Concrete Forms Services 801-280-6992 www.ezfootings.com Concrete Protection Products, Inc. 336-993-2461 www.berglassrebar.com Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute 847-517-1200 www.crsi.org Concut, Inc. 253-872-3507 www.concutusa.com Construcolor USA, Ltd. 866-644-8324 www.construcolor.com Cortec Corp 651-429-1100 www.cortecvci.com CTS Cement Manufacturing Corp. 800-929-3030 www.ctscement.com Custom Rock Formliner 651-699-1345 www.customrock.com Davis Colors 323-269-7311 www.daviscolors.com Dayton Superior 937-866-0711 www.daytonsuperior.com Decon USA Inc. 800-975-6990 www.deconusa.com DeFelsko Corporation 315-393-4450 www.defelsko.com Denver Concrete Vibrator 800-392-6703; 303-778-8832 www.denverconcrete vibrator.com DeWALT 800-4-DEWALT www.dewalt.com Diamond Products Ltd. 800-321-5336 www.diamondproducts.com Dimensional Solutions, Inc. 281-497-5991 www.dimsoln.com Doka International 877-365-2872 www.dokausa.com Dow Building Solutions 866-583-2583 www.dowbuildingsolutions.com Duckback Products 800-825-5382 www.superdeck.com Duraber Inc. 800-844-3880 www.duraber.com Dur-A-Flex, Inc. 800-253-3539 www.dur-a-ex.com Durajoint Concrete Accessories 888-833-8308 www.surajoint.com Dynamic Color Solutions, Inc. 800-657-0737 www.dynamiccolor solutions.com
E
EFCO Corp. 515-266-1141 www.efcoforms.com Elite Crete 888-323-4445 www.elitecrete.com ENERCALC, Inc. 800-424-2252 www.enercalc.com Engineered Wire Products, Inc. 800-842-8581 www.ewpinc.com Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. 800-884-2114 www.engraveacrete.com ERICO 800-813-3778 www.erico.com Etobicoke Ironworks Limited 416-742-7111 www.eiw.ca The Euclid Chemical Co. 800-321-7628 www.euclidchemical.com E-Z Drill 800-272-0121 www.ezdrill.com EZ Screed Tools, LLC 877-884-0081 www.EZScreedTools.com
FORTIUS +32-13326873 www.fortius.be Fortress Stabilization Systems 800-207-6204 www.fortressstabilization.com Foundation Software, Inc. 800-246-0800 www.foundationsoft.com Fox Industries, Inc. 410-243-8856 www.foxind.com Fritz-Pak Corp. 214-221-9494 www.fritzpak.com
G
GAMCO Concrete Forms and Shoring 513-561-8331 www.gamcoform.com GDB Software, Inc. 800-845-6642 www.gdbsoftware.com Gemite Products Inc. 888-443-6483 www.gemite.com General Equipment Company 800-533-0524 www.generalequip.com Gerdau 865-687-7220 www.gerdauameristeel.com Germann Instruments Inc. 847-329-9999 www.germann.org Glaze N Seal Products 800-486-1414 www.glaze-n-seal.com Grace Construction Products 617-876-1400 www.graceconstruction.com Grand Master Tools +61-7-33447746 www.grandmastertools.com Gunite Supply 626-359-0143 www.gunite.us
F
Fascut Industries Inc. 608-643-6678 www.fascut.com Federal White Cement 610-927-1410 www.federalwhitecement.com Fitzgerald Formliners 714-547-6710 www.formliners.com FORNEY LP 724-346-7400; 800-367-6397 www.FORNEYonline.com FORTA Corporation 800-245-0306; 724-458-5221 www.forta-ferro.com
D
Damtite Waterproong 800-223-8483; 724-258-7150 www.damtitewater proong.com
92
Company Directory
H
H&C Decorative Concrete Products 800-867-8264 www.hcconcrete.com Hacker Industries, Inc. 949-729-3101 www.hackerindustries.com Haivala Concrete Tools, Inc. 316-263-1683 www.haivala.com Headed Reinforcement Corp. 714-557-1455 www.hrc-usa.com Headwaters Resources 888-236-6236 www.yash.com Helser Industries 503-692-6909 www.helser.com Hilti, Inc. 800-879-8000 www.us.hilti.com Hohman & Barnard, Inc. 765-409-6308 www.h-b.com Holcim (US) Inc. 734-529-2411 www.holcim.us HTC, Inc. 865-689-2311 www.htc-america.com Hughes Brothers Inc. 800-869-0359 www.aslanfrp.com Humboldt Mfg. Co. 708-468-6300 www.humboldtmfg.com Husqvarna Construction Products 800-288-5040 www.husqvarnacp.com International Coatings, Inc. 800-624-8919 www.internationalcoatings.com ICC Evaluation Service, LLC 800-423-6587 www.icc-es.org Inspection Instruments, Inc. 216-831-6131 www.inspectioninstruments.net Instron 800-877-6674 www.instron.com IntegraSpec ICF 613-634-1319; 800-382-9102 www.integraspec.com Interactive Design Systems (IDS) 858-674-4196 www.ids-soft.com Interstar Materials, Inc. 800-567-1857 www.interstar.ca ITW Red Head, Inc. 630-350-0370 www.itwredhead.com Kryton International Inc. 604-324-8280 www.kryton.com Marshalltown Company 880-888-0127 www.marshalltown.com MAX USA 800-223-4293 www.maxusacorp.com Meadow Burke Products 813-248-1944 www.meadowburke.com Metabo 800-638-2264 www.metabousa.com Metal Forms Corp. 414-964-4550 www.metalforms.com Metzger/McGuire 800-223-6680 www.metzgermcguire.com Meva Formwork Systems Inc. 937-328-0022 www.mevaformwork.com MIDASoft Inc. 212-835-1666 www.midasuser.com Milwaukee Electric Tool 800-SAWDUST www.milwaukeetool.com Miracote by Crosseld Products Corp. 877-MIRACOTE www.miracote.com Mixer Systems, Inc. 262-956-6611 www.mixersystems.com MK Diamond Products 310-257-2812 www.mkdiamond.com
L
Larsen Products Corp. 800-633-6668 www.larsenproducts.com L&M Construction Chemicals 402-453-6600 www.lmcc.com L. M. Scoeld Company 800-800-9900 www.scoeld.com Lafarge 703-480-3808 www.lafarge-na.com LANXESS Corp. 800-526-9377 www.us.lanxess.com LiteForm Technologies 800-551-3313 www.liteform.com Logicsphere Limited +44-0709-2065374 www.logicsphere.com Lura Enterprises 701-281-8989 www.luraconcretescreed.com
JP Specialties, Inc./Earth Shield Waterstop 951-674-6869; 800-821-3859 www.jpspecialties.com, www.earthshield.com
K
Kaufman Products, Inc. 410-354-8600 www.kaufmanproducts.net Kestrel Pocket Weather Meters 610-447-1555 www.kestrelweather.com King Packaged Materials Co. 800-461-0566 www.kingshotcrete.com Kodi Klip Corporation 615-449-1880 www.kodiklip.com Kraft Tool Co. 800-422-2448; 913-422-4848 www.krafttool.com
M
Maccaferri, Inc. 800-638-7744 www.maccaferri-usa.com Mala Geoscience USA, Inc. 843-852-5021 www.malags.com MAPEI 954-246-8888 www.mapei.com Marcotte Systems, Ltd. 450-652-6000 www.marcottesystems.com Mar-Flex Waterproong and Building Systems 513-217-3573 www.mar-ex.com
N
NewLook International, Inc. 801-886-9495 www.getnewlook.com Niagara Protective Coatings 905-356-1581 www.niacoat.com NLB Corp. 248-624-5555 www.nlbcorp.com
I
International Admixtures, Inc. 561-488-6369

93
Company Directory
Norchem, Inc. 631-724-8639 www.norchem.com Northeast Solite Corp. 804-262-4570 www.nesolite.com Norton Corrosion Limited 425-483-1616; 800-426-3111 www.nortoncorrosion.com Nox-Crete Products Group 800-369-9800; 402-341-2080 www.nox-crete.com Nycon Corp. 215-310-2139 www.nycon.com Plastiform Company, The 425-235-7580 www.plastiform.com PNA Construction Technologies Inc. 800-542-0214 www.pna-inc.com Powerblanket 801-506-0198 www.powerblanket.com Powers Fasteners, Inc. 914-235-6300 www.powers.com Prime Source Building Products 800-676-7777 www.primesourcebp.com Proceq USA, Inc. 800-839-7016; 847-623-9570 www.proceq.com Proline Concrete Tools 760-758-7240 www.prolinestamps.com Propex Concrete Systems 423-892-8080 www.bermesh.com Pultrall, Inc. 418-335-3202 www.pultrall.com Pure Technologies Ltd. 855-280-PURE (7873) www.puretechltd.com Reef Industries 713-507-4251 www.reendustries.com Reliable Diamond Tool, Inc. 623-465-4572 www.rdtusa.com RexCon 262-539-4050 www.rexcon.com RISA Technologies 800-332-RISA (7472) www.risatech.com RJ Lee Group 800-860-1775 www.rjlg.com RJD Industries, Inc. 800-344-4753; 949-582-0191 www.rjdindustries.com Roadware Incorporated 800-522-7623; 651-457-6122 www.roadware.us Rod Chomper, Inc. 866-392-9677 www.rodchomper.com RoMix Chemical & Brush, Inc. 800-331-2243 www.romixchem.com Separation Technologies LLC 504-996-6847 www.proash.com The Sherwin Williams Co. 800-474-3794 www.sherwin.com Sika Corporation 201-933-8800 www.sikausa.com Sika Greenstreak 800-325-9504 www.greenstreak.com Sioux Corporation 888-763-8833 www.sioux.com SkimStone/ Rudd Company, Inc. 800-444-7833 www.skimstone.com SMITH Manufacturing 800-653-9311 www.smithmfg.com SpecChem, LLC 866-791-8700 www.specchemllc.com Spectra QEST 888-360-8901 www.spectraqest.com STARDEK 800-282-1599 www.stardek.com Stego Industries, LLC 877-464-7834 www.stegoindustries.com STRUCTURAL 888-901-7218 www.structural.net STRUCTUREPOINT 847-966-4357 www.StructurePoint.org Super-Krete International 800-995-1716 www.super-krete.com Sustainable Paving Systems, LLC 926-235-9088 www.sustainablepaving systems.com
O
Olson Instruments 303-423-1212 www.olsoninstruments.com Olympic Panel Products, LLC 360-432-5000 www.olypanel.com Optimet Concrete Products, Inc. 224-848-4250 optimetconcrete.com Oztec Industries, Inc. 516-883-8857 www.oztec.com
P
Pacic Polymer 714-898-0025 www.pacpoly.com Payroll4Construction.com 800-949-9620 www.payroll4construction.com Pengineer AS +47-74-85-89-0 www.barracudatool.com PERI Formwork Systems Inc. 410-712-7225 www.peri-usa.com Pile Dynamics Inc. 216-831-6131 www.pile.com Pile Medic by QuakeWrap, Inc. 520-791-7000 www.pilemedic.com
S
Salt River Materials Group/ Phoenix Cement 480-850-5757 www.srmaterials.com Scale-tron Inc. 514-940-0337 www.scaletron.com Schwing America, Inc. 888-SCHWING (724-9464) www.schwing.com, www.schwingparts.com Scott System Inc. 303-373-2500 www.scottsystem.com SEK Surebond Corporation 800-932-3343 www.sek.us.com Sensors and Software, Inc. 800-267-6013 www.sensoft.ca
Q
Quad-Lock Building Systems 888-711-5625 www.quadlock.com Quikrete 800-282-5828 www.quikrete.com
R
Raven Industries Engineered Films 605-335-0174; 800-635-3456 www.RavenEFD.com REED Concrete Pumps & Gunite Machines 909-287-2100 www.reedpumps.com
94
Company Directory
Suwannee American Cement, LLC 386-935-5000 www.suwanneecement.com Sylvan Architectural Concrete Form Products 800-842-1990 www.sylvan-products.com/ concrete SYNTHEON Elemix Concrete Additive 888-922-2353 www.synthoninc.com
U
U.S. Silica Co. 800-345-6170 www.u-s-silica.com United Coatings 800-341-4383; 480-966-8999 www.unitedcoatings.com US Radar 732-566-2035 www.usradar.com
Vitro Minerals 678-729-9333 www.vitrominerals.com Votorantim Cement North America 800-268-6148 www.stmaryscement.com VSL/VSTRUCTURAL 888-489-2687 www.vsl.net
WerkMaster 604-629-8700 www.werkmaster.com Williams Form Engineering Corp. 616-866-0815 www.williamsform.com WinEstimator, Inc. 253-395-3631 www.winest.com Worldtech Coatings 888-811-8926 www.worldtechcoatings.com
V
Vector Corrosion Technologies Inc. 204-489-6300 www.vector-corrosion.com Versatile Building Products, Inc. 800-535-3325 www.garagecoatings.com Vertigraph Inc. Takeoff and Estimating Software 210-340-9436 www.vertigraph.com Vexcon Chemicals, Inc. 215-332-7709 www.vexcon.com VIBCO Vibrators 800-663-0032 www.vibco.com
W
W.R. MEADOWS, INC. 800-342-5976 www.wrmeadows.com Wacker Neuson Corporation 262-255-0500; 800-770-0957 www.wackerneuson.com Wadco Industries, Inc. 909-874-7800 www.wadco.com Wagman Metal Products Inc. 717-854-2120 www.wagmanmetal.com Wagner Meters 541-582-0541 www.wagnermeters.com Wall Firma, Inc. 800-433-3333; 724-258-6873 www.wallrma.com
T
Tekla 770-426-5105 www.tekla.com/us Test Mark Industries, Inc. 800-783-3227 www.testmark.net Thermomass 800-232-1748 www.thermomass.com Titan Formwork Systems 480-305-1900 www.titanformwork.com Transpo Industries, Inc. 914-636-1000; 800-321-7870 www.transpo.com
X
Xypex Chemical Corp. 604-273-5265 www.xypex.com
Y
Ytterberg Scientic Inc. 303-565-1780 www.atoors.com
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Index
NEW CUMMINS ISM
Engines 385 and 420 HP 2007 CPL 2830 ECM Turbocharger Manifolds Starter Flywheel $14750. New New Detroit 14 Liter 515 HP $17250. $9500. to $10500.
Cummins QSB 155 HP $5950.
Ash Grove............................................................................................ 11 Bentley Systems...................................................................................... 6 Computers & Structures, Inc.................................................. Back Cover Cortec Corporation.............................................................................. 19 CRSI.................................................................................................... 35 CTS Cement Mfg. Corp......................................................................... 2 Decon..................................................................................................... 1 The Euclid Chemical Company.................................... Inside Back Cover Holcim................................................................................................. 15 Humboldt Mfg. Co.............................................................................. 53 ICC Evaluation Service......................................................................... 29 Inspection Instruments Inc................................................................... 75 Larsen Products Corp........................................................................... 27 Mala GeoScience.................................................................................. 25 Northeast Solite Corporation............................................................... 55 Olympic Panel Products....................................................................... 33 Oztec Industries, Inc............................................................................. 13 The Quikrete Companies..................................................................... 21 StructurePoint............................................................. Inside Front Cover Xypex Corporation.............................................................................. 59
New C7 Caterpillar for Automotive and Industrial

Stour2 LLC Toledo Ohio 43610 USA 419-248-3321 Stour@stourlimited.com
Ready Mix Concrete Company in Saudi Arabia need:
Laboratory Engr. QC / QA (10 years experience) Laboratory Tech. (10 years experience) Plant Manager Work Shop Manager
Emailed to: ceo@omix.com.sa
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99
Concrete
Q&A
Concrete Fire Protection Cover for Reinforcing Steel in Walls

Im trying to determine the concrete cover required for re protection of reinforcing steel in concrete walls. Ive looked in ACI 216.1-07, but I cant nd any requirements for bar cover in walls. Is this information located in another document? ACI 216.1-071 does not explicitly specify a minimum cover for reinforcing steel in concrete walls; however, it states in Section 2.3 that Concrete cover shall not be less than required by ACI 318. Section 7.7 of ACI 318-112 species concrete cover based on exposure, concrete type, and reinforcement type. For reinforced concrete walls not exposed to earth or weather and reinforced with bar sizes up to No. 11 (No. 36), the minimum cover is 3/4 in. (20 mm). Additionally, Section 7.7.8 states: If the general building code (of which this Code forms a part) requires a thickness of cover for re protection greater than the concrete cover in 7.7.1 through 7.7.7, such greater thicknesses shall be specied. Some may argue that it would be appropriate to treat a wall as a column. Per ACI 216.1-07, this would require increased cover relative to the minimums in ACI 318: The minimum thickness of concrete cover to main longitudinal reinforcement in columns, regardless of type of aggregate used in the concrete and specied compressive strength of the concrete, shall not be less than 1 in. times the number of hours of required re resistance, or 2 in., whichever is less. But, effective counterarguments are provided by publications such as the PCI Design Handbook3 and a recent best practices guideline from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.4 As stated in the former: The re endurance of concrete walls as determined by re tests is normally governed by the ASTM criteria for temperature rise of the unexposed surface, rather than by structural behavior during re tests. This is probably due to the low 100
Q. A.
level of stresses, even in concrete bearing walls, and the fact that reinforcement generally does not perform a primary structural function. In most cases, the amount of cover protection required by code exceeds that required for re protection, so there is, in effect, reserve structural re endurance within the concrete wall.3 References
1. ACI Committee 216, Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies (ACI 216.1-07), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2007, 32 pp. 2. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp. 3. PCI Industry Handbook Committee, PCI Design Handbook, Precast and Prestressed Concrete, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, 2010, p. 10-11. 4. Phan, L.T.; McAllister, T.P.; Gross, J.L.; and Hurley, M.J., Best Practice Guidelines for Structural Fire Resistance Design of Concrete and Steel Buildings (NIST TN1681), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Dec. 1, 2010, 199 pp.
Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical committees. The answers do not represent the ofcial position of an ACI committee. Only a published committee document represents the formal consensus of the committee and the Institute. We invite comment on any of the questions and answers published in this column. Write to the Editor, Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331; contact us by fax at (248) 848-3701; or e-mail Rex.Donahey@concrete.org.

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DECEMBER 2011 Vol. 33 No.

Concrete Product Guide

DECEMBER 2011 Vol. 33 No. 12

CONCRETE PRODUCT GUIDE

Concrete Product Guide Company Directory

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